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PaulLerner

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evqa_wikipedia

like 1

[ "Town hall", "Collegiate church of Écouis" ]

[ 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/%C3%89couis_mairie.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Coll%C3%A9giale_d%27Ecouis.JPG" ]

[ "Écouis ([ekwi]) is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.", "", "", "Communes of the Eure department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écouis", "Population", "Gallery", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3374 ]

[ 16324 ]

[ "The road into Écourt-Saint-Quentin", "" ]

[ 0, 5 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/%C3%89court-Saint-Quentin_-_Entr%C3%A9e_de_commune.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Arrondissement_d_Arras.PNG" ]

[ "Écourt-Saint-Quentin ([ekuʁ sɛ̃ kɑ̃tɛ̃]; Picard: Aicort-Saint-Kintin) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.", "A farming village situated 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Arras at the junction of the D13 and D19 roads in a landscape of woods and lakes.", "", "The church of St.Quentin, dating from the twentieth century.\nTraces of a Merovingian cemetery and an old castle.\nEvidence of Roman settlement.\nAn old flour mill.", "Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 9 August 2021.\n\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE" ]

[ "Écourt-Saint-Quentin", "Geography", "Population", "Places of interest", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3375, 3376 ]

[ 16325, 16326 ]

[ "The church of Écoust-Saint-Mein", "" ]

[ 0, 8 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/%C3%89coust-Saint-Mein_-_Eglise_-_1.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Arrondissement_d_Arras.PNG" ]

[ "Écoust-Saint-Mein is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département in the Hauts-de-France region of France.", "A farming village situated 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Arras at the junction of the D956 and D5 roads.", "", "The church of St. Mein, dating from the sixteenth century.\nTraces of an old castle.\nWorld War I cemeteries.", "Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department", "During World War I, Écoust-Saint-Mein was located on the Hindenburg Line when its inhabitants were evacuated by German forces. The church tower was mined and served as a landmark for gunners. Following the battle of Arras in 1917, it was captured by the Allies until it was recaptured by the Germans in March 1918 and finally retaken on 3 September 1918.", "In the 2019 film 1917, Écoust-Saint-Mein is depicted as a ruined waypoint on the mission of the main character. The film's depiction of the town is largely based on actual history. As the town became a war zone during the First World War, the villagers had no choice but to abandon Écoust-Saint-Mein, returning after the war to rebuild.", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 9 August 2021.\n\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE", "The CWGC British cemetery\nThe CWGC Military cemetery\nThe H.A.C cemetery" ]

[ "Écoust-Saint-Mein", "Geography", "Population", "Places of interest", "See also", "History", "In popular culture", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3377, 3378 ]

[ 16327, 16328, 16329, 16330 ]

[ "", "The music video was shot on the Transalpina mountain square (pictured) near Obârșia-Brezoi.[4]" ]

[ 0, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/04/Ecoute_Alexandra_Stan.jpeg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Transalpina_snow.jpg" ]

[ "\"Écoute\" (French: \"Listen\") is a song by Romanian recording artist Alexandra Stan for her third studio album, Alesta (2016). Featuring the vocal collaboration of Romanian band Havana, it was released on 9 March 2016 through Victor Entertainment together with its parent album. The lyrics of the recording were written in both English and French by Nadir Tamuz, Alexandra Ţîrţîrău, Sorin Seniuc and Vanotek, with the track being produced by Luigi Enciu. \"Ecoute\" is a dance song, which incorporates tropical beats and oriental sounds in its instrumentation. According to Stan, the songwriting is based on the theme of limitless and unconditional love.\nAn accompanying music video for the single was uploaded onto Stan's YouTube channel on 31 May 2016, having surpassed the 10 million views limit the singer set to release a home video for her subsequent single, \"Boom Pow\" (2016). The visual—portraying Stan performing in front of a snowy landscape—was filmed in March 2016 by Khaled Mokhtar on the top of mountain square Transalpina at −15 °C, near locality Obârșia-Brezoi. Music critics were positive towards the track, comparing Stan's vocals to those of Inna and Fly Project on \"Bad Boys\" (2015) and \"Jolie\" (2016), respectively, but also praising it for being bilingual. \"Écoute\" charted within the top twenty in Romania and Poland's Dance Chart.", "\"Écoute\" was written by Nadir Tamuz, Alexandra Ţîrţîrău, Sorin Seniuc and Vanotek while being solely produced by Luigi Enciu. Lasting three minutes and sixteen seconds, it is a dance song which musically incorporates tropical beats, oriental elements and violins in its instrumentation. The recording commences with a calm rhythm, and develops in crescendo until the chorus is played. \"Écoute\" features lyrics written in both English and French, which—according to Stan—delve on \"pure love, without barriers, which does not limit you\". While Havana provides guest vocals for the track's second verse, Stan's \"sexy\" vocals in the song were compared by French website Aficia's Valentin Malfroy to those of Romanian singer Inna's on \"Bad Boys\" (2015) and Romanian band Fly Project's on \"Jolie\" (2016), with the publication further labeling its lyrics \"effective without being complicated\". Jonathan Currinn, writing in Outlet Magazine, felt that their vocals \"harmonize perfectly giving so much fire that the icy backdrop [from the music video] melts away.\"", "Upon its release, \"Écoute\" was acclaimed by music critic Olivio Umberto. Writing for Italian publication RnB Junk, he praised the song for bringing \"high-quality dance [music] in European discos\", additionally feeling that it was \"very desirable for Europe\". He concluded, \"The English language only serves to capture the listener's attention, since it concerns a very restricted part of the track.\" Commercially, the recording debuted at number seventy-eight on the Romanian Airplay 100 on 26 June 2016, gradually climbing to number sixteen on 21 August 2016, eventually claiming the place for the next two weeks before reaching its peak position at number fourteen on 11 September 2016. \"Écoute\" further charted at number eleven on Poland's Dance Chart.", "Stan performed \"Écoute\" during various concerts that promoted the release of her album Alesta in Japan and Europe. Accompanied by Havana and a violinist, the singer has also sung the recording in a stripped-down version for Romanian radio stations Kiss FM, Pro FM and Radio 21 on 3 June 7 and 28 June 2016, respectively.\n An accompanying music video for the single was uploaded onto Stan's YouTube channel on 31 May 2016; it has surpassed the 10 million views limit the singer set to release a home video for her subsequent single, \"Boom Pow\" (2016). The visual was filmed in March 2016 by Khaled Mokhtar on the Transalpina mountain square near Romanian locality Obârșia-Brezoi, where Stan used to go with her family in her childhood. The clip was shot at −15˚C on the top of the square, where the entire producing team was brought to with a ratrak. For the shooting, they transformed the refuge of Transalpina Ski Resort's mountain rescuers in a make-up and dressing room.\nThe visual opens with Stan moving out her jacket, while wearing a blonde wig. Subsequently, a mountain is presented, following which the singer is portrayed with a husky dog in front of a snowy landscape, sporting a white hoodie. Following this, footage with two horses running free is shown, with her tossing her hair in a similar way to the animals' shakes. Over the rest of the music video, Stan further performs to the song, while band Havana make a cameo appearance and are seen in several scenes interspersed through the clip.\nWebsite Aficia confessed that the visual's \"snowy landscapes give a winter dimension to the title, in opposition to the heat it could bring.\" While Info Music claimed that the husky and the white horse used for the music video were metaphors for purity and the singer's personality, respectively, Jonathan Currinn of Outlet Magazine explained that they add \"perfect imagery into the clip\". Olivio Umberto from RnB Junk was positive towards the visual, with him feeling that \"the look, the scenery and clothing present Alexandra in all her beauty and sensuality, but always preserve a class of aura, without ever even getting close to vulgarity.\"", "", "Credits adapted from the official music video.\nTechnical and composing credits\nLuigi Enciu – producer\nNadir Tamuz – composer\nAlexandra Ţîrţîrău – composer\nSergiu Musteaţă – mixing, mastering\nSorin Seniuc – composer\nVanotek – composer\nVocal credits\nAlexandra Stan – lead vocals\nHavana − featured artist\nVisual credits\nKhaled Mokhtar – director", "", "", "Olivio, Umberto (31 May 2016). \"Alexandra Stan feat. Havana – Écoute\" (in Italian). RnB Junk. Retrieved 6 September 2016.\nMalfroy, Valentin (3 June 2016). \"Clip \"Écoute\" : Alexandra Stan mise sur un univers esthétique et hivernal\" [Alexandra Stan presents an aesthetic winter wonderland in the music video for \"Écoute\"] (in French). Aficia. Retrieved 6 September 2016.\nTanasă, Raluca (31 May 2016). \"Videoclip oficial: Alexandra Stan – Écoute (feat. Havana)\" [Official music video: Alexandra Stan – Écoute (feat. Havana)] (in Romanian). Info Music. Retrieved 6 September 2016.\n\"Alexandra Stan – Écoute (feat. Havana) | Official Music Video\". YouTube. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.\n\"Alesta di Alexandra Stan su Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 8 July 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2015.\nCurrinn, Jonathan. \"Alexandra Stan premieres her third single \"Écoute\"\". Outlet Magazine. Retrieved 7 September 2016.\n\"Airplay 100 – Cristi Nitzu | Kiss FM\" (in Romanian). 26 June 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.\n\"Airplay 100 – Cristi Nitzu | Kiss FM\" (in Romanian). 21 August 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.\n\"Airplay 100 – Cristi Nitzu | Kiss FM\" (in Romanian). 28 August 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.\n\"Airplay 100 – Cristi Nitzu | Kiss FM\" (in Romanian). 4 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.\n\"Airplay 100 – Cristi Nitzu | Kiss FM\" (in Romanian). 11 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016.\n\"Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video\". Polish Dance Top 50. Retrieved 18 November 2016.\nAlesta (Liner notes/ CD booklet). Alexandra Stan. Tokyo, Japan: Victor Entertainment (Barcode: 4988002709182). 2016.\n\"Alexandra Stan feat. Havana – Ecoute (Live @ KissFM)\". YouTube. 3 June 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.\n\"Alexandra Stan – Ecoute feat. Havana | Pro FM Live Session\". YouTube. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.\n\"Alexandra Stan feat. Havana – Ecoute (Live @ Radio 21)\". YouTube. 28 June 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.\n\"Alexandra Stan lanseaza o noua melodie\" [Alexandra Stan releases a new single] (in Romanian). Observator. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.\n\"Écoute (feat. Havana) by Alexandra Stan on Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 12 August 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.\n\"Top 40 – Number1 FM/TV\" (in Turkish). Number One. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.\n\"Alesta by Alexandra Stan on Apple Music\". iTunes Store (in Japanese). 9 March 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.\n\"Alesta by Alexandra Stan on Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.\n\"Alesta de Alexandra Stan sur Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.\n\"Alesta von Alexandra Stan auf Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.\n\"Alesta by Alexandra Stan on Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.\n\"Alesta by Alexandra Stan on Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.\n\"Alesta de Alexandra Stan en Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.\n\"Alesta de Alexandra Stan en Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.\n\"Alesta de Alexandra Stan en Apple Music\". iTunes Store. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016." ]

[ "Écoute (Alexandra Stan song)", "Composition", "Reception", "Promotion", "Track listing", "Credits and personnel", "Charts", "Release history", "References" ]

[ 3379 ]

[ 16331, 16332, 16333, 16334, 16335, 16336, 16337, 16338, 16339, 16340, 16341, 16342, 16343, 16344, 16345, 16346, 16347, 16348, 16349 ]

[ "The head in front of the church", "Looking towards the Jardin des Halles", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Steustache.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Jardin_des_Halles_P1060200.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/France-90-Belfort-Lion-Face.jpg" ]

[ "Écoute is a sculpture by French artist Henri de Miller in Paris. It is a giant stone head with cupped hand in front of the Church of St-Eustache. It is near to another sculpture by the same artist; a very large sundial designed by the astronomer Dandrel and made by the sculptor, in the Jardin des Halles, above the Forum des Halles.", "Insight Guides: Explore Paris 1786716593 Insight Guides - 2016\nMonique Yaari - 2008 Rethinking the French City: Architecture, Dwelling, and Display 904202500X\nPaul Murdin Full Meridian of Glory: Perilous Adventures in the Competition to ... - 2008 0387755349" ]

[ "Écoute (sculpture)", "References" ]

[ 3380, 3381, 3382 ]

[ 16350 ]

[ "The town hall in Écouves" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Mairie_de_Radon_-_3.jpg" ]

[ "Écouves ([ekuv]) is a commune in the department of Orne, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Forges, Radon (the seat) and Vingt-Hanaps. It takes its name from the nearby Forêt d'Écouves.", "Communes of the Orne department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nArrêté préfectoral 29 September 2015 (in French)" ]

[ "Écouves", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3383 ]

[ 16351 ]

[ "The church seen from Couvreux Road" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/FR-55-Ecouviez-%C3%A9glise.JPG" ]

[ "Écouviez ([ekuvje]) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.", "Communes of the Meuse department", "\"Populations légales 2017\". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020." ]

[ "Écouviez", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3384 ]

[ 16352 ]

[ "Aerial view of the Ecrehos.", "Location map of Les Écréhous", "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 3, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Ecrehous.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Jersey-Les_Ecrehous.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/%C3%89cr%C3%A9hou_Loevy.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Errehous%2Bflag%2BAustenColback.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Ecrehous%2Bflag.JPG", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Errehous%2BMaitreIleFromSouth.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Ecrehous%2BCaprice%2BColbacks.JPG" ]

[ "The Écréhous (or in Jèrriais: Êcrého) are a group of islands and rocks situated six miles (9.6 km) north-east of Jersey, and eight miles (12.8 km) from France. They form part of the Bailiwick of Jersey and are administratively part of the Parish of St. Martin.", "The name 'Ecrehous' is Norse in origin. \"Esker\" as in Skerry meaning a stony bank and 'Hou', the toponym found also in Jethou, Lihou, Brecqhou, Burhou and other islets, derives from holm, meaning island. The first part of the name appears to be traced back to the Norse word sker, meaning reef. The Ecrehos are actually, geologically, part of the same island group as Les Dirouilles (west) and Les Pierres de Lecq ('the Paternosters') (further west).", "The most significant islets in the group are:\nMaîtr'Île\nLa Marmotchiéthe ('La Marmotière' in gallicized form)\nLé Bliantch'Île (La Blanche Île in gallicized form);\nothers include: \nLes D'mies\nLa Grand' Naithe\nL'Etchièrviéthe\nLé Fou\nLa Froutchie\nAll but the three largest are submerged at high tide. There are no permanent residents on the islands and there is no fresh water there. Due to erosion, they are now much smaller than they may have been within historic times. Maîtr'Île, the largest of the islets, is about 300 metres (0.19 mi) long. There is a small number of fishermen's huts, some used as holiday residences, on the largest islets, and one official building, a customs house, on La Marmotchiéthe.", "During the last ice age, sea levels were lower and the islands were high ground above a plain that connected the European Continent with southern England.", "The islets, along with the other Channel Islands and the Cotentin Peninsula, were annexed to the Duchy of Normandy in 933. After William, Duke of Normandy conquered England in 1066 the islands remained united to the Duchy until the conquest of mainland Normandy in 1204 by Philip Augustus. In 1259 Henry III did homage to the French king for the Channel Islands. While Edward III in the 1360 Treaty of Brétigny waived his claims to the crown of France and to Normandy, he reserved various territories to England.", "In 1203, shortly before the division of Normandy in 1204, John, Duke of Normandy granted the Ecrehos to the Abbey of Val-Richer that they might build a church there. The chapel measured 10 feet 3 inches (3.12 m) in width and 16 feet 6 inches (5.03 m) in length; the priory accommodation for the monks formed an extension to the chapel. In 1309 it was reported that a prior was living in the Ecrehos with one monk and a servant; a navigation light was lit every night.\nIn 1413 alien priories were suppressed, and the monks returned to Val-Richer. Their church and priory on La Maîtr'Île fell into ruins.", "In the 17th century the Ecrehos were used by smugglers. It was recorded that the main smuggled goods in the 1690s through the Ecrehos was lead and gunpowder destined for St Malô.\nIn order to help control voting in Jersey, it was not unknown for citizens to find themselves taken and stranded on the Islands until after voting had taken place.", "Though they are only inhabited sporadically by holidaymakers and fishermen, in the past there have been more permanent residents on the Ecrehos due to more abundant vegetation. Two eccentrics who lived on the Ecrehos for a long time proclaimed themselves to be Le Roi des Écréhous (The King of the Ecrehous) and claimed that sovereignty over the islands belonged to them. Philippe Pinel lived on Bliantch'Île from 1848 to 1898 and exchanged gifts with Queen Victoria. In the 1960s and 1970s Alphonse Le Gastelois found refuge in the islands from unfounded public suspicion of being the Beast of Jersey (a notorious sexual attacker of children who was later arrested, thus clearing Le Gastelois of suspicion).", "In the 19th and early 20th centuries there were several occasions on which nominal control was displayed – e.g. flags and buoys, and there were several occasions on which the British government indicated to the French government that it wished to settle the matter.\nIn 1950 France took the United Kingdom to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for discussions to decide to which country the Minquiers and Ecrehos belonged. The French fished in the waters, but Jersey exercised various administrative rights. In the Minquiers and Ecrehos case, the ICJ considered the historical evidence, and in its judgment of 17 November 1953 awarded the islands to Jersey.", "La Marmotchiéthe is depicted on the 2010 issue Jersey 50 pound note.", "In 2005, the States of Jersey designated it as an area under the Ramsar convention, signifying it was a wetland of international importance and giving it an enhanced status and recognition. A management plan for the area has yet to be published. There was a public consultation in 2010 into Jersey's management of Ramsar areas but the results were not made public.\nIn 2022, four areas of Les Ecréhous islands were introduced under Jersey's wildlife law. This decision was made in order to protect the breeding activities and nesting of wild birds, some of them including European shags, great cormorants, common terns, the roseate terns, and oystercatchers. In practice, this means unauthorized people cannot enter during breeding periods, the speed of boats is limited, dogs may not enter, and the use of drones, lasers, and fireworks is prohibited.", "Entrance to the islands can be difficult. However, it is possible to visit at all states of tide with the main entrance from the southwest.", "", "\"Les Écrehous & Les Dirouilles, Jersey\". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.\nCoysh, Victor (1985). Channel Islets: The Lesser Channel Islands. Guernsey Press Co Ltd. ISBN 0902550128.\nBalleine's History of Jersey. p. 26. ISBN 1860776507.Balleine's History of Jersey, 1998\nBalleine, George Reginald (1951). 'The Bailiwick of Jersey'. Hodder & Stoughton Ltd. ISBN 0340002670.\nCooper, Glynis. Foul Deeds and Suspicious Deaths in Jersey. Casemate Publishers, 2008. ISBN 9781845630683.\n\"Minquiers and Ecrehos (France/United Kingdom): Summary of the judgment of 17 November 1953\". icj-cij.org. International Court of Justice.\n\"Les Écrehous & Les Dirouilles, Jersey\". rsis.ramsar.org. Ramsar Sites Information Service.\n\"Islands get special protection status for birds\". BBC News. Retrieved 13 April 2022.\nCarnegie, Peter (2015). Channel Islands, Cherbourg Peninsula & North Brittany. RCC Pilotage Foundation. pp. 131–135. ISBN 9781846234439.", "Files on the ICJ case can be found in the National Archives, mostly in the FO 371 sequence.\nLes Ecrehous, Jersey: History and Archaeology of a Channel Island Archipelago (ISBN 0-901897-21-3) by Warwick Rodwell.\nHistoire des Minquiers et des Écréhous. Robert Sinsoilliez. Éditions l'Ancre de Marine.", "Les Écréhous: a Toponymy\nInternational Court of Justice: The Minquiers and Ecrehos Case\n(in French), Accord commercial sur la pêche entre la France et Jersey\nThe Écréhous\nVideo \"Les Écréhou, petit bijou anglo-normand\" by MancheLibre\nSentence of the International Court of Justice" ]

[ "Écréhous", "Etymology", "Islets", "History", "Sovereignty", "Chapel and Priory", "Uses", "Long-term residents", "Resolution of disputed status", "On currency", "Protected status", "Pilotage and sailing", "Gallery", "Footnotes", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3385, 3386, 3387, 3388 ]

[ 16353, 16354, 16355, 16356, 16357, 16358, 16359, 16360, 16361, 16362, 16363, 16364, 16365, 16366, 16367, 16368, 16369 ]

[ "The church in Écrainville" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/%C3%89crainville-01.jpg" ]

[ "Écrainville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.", "A farming commune made up of 11 villages and hamlets in the Pays de Caux, situated some 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D68 and D139 roads.", "The origin of the name is uncertain, but Escrainvilla is first mentioned at the end of the 12th century. Many documents trace the occupation of the territory at the time of the Franks and even earlier. Abbé Dicquemare described, in 1778, the 150 human skeletons found in the crypt at the former quarry at Maucomble at Val-Miellé, and suggests that the crypt was prior to the 11th century, as the church of Saint-Denis dates from that period. \n\nThe first written mention of Écrainville or one of its hamlets dates back in the late 11th century. In 1180, the lord of Tennemare or Tannemare appeared in the records of the Exchequer of Normandy. Until the 17th century, the seigneurie passed from father to son of the Folville family.\nA decree of 25 October 1826 joined Tennemare and Écrainville as one commune. In the 19th century the textile industry was still flourishing but declined from the 1920s onward.", "", "The church of St. Denis, dating from the eleventh century.\nA seventeenth century inn.\nThe medieval manorhouse at Groseillers.\nThe château d'Ecrainville.", "Communes of the Seine-Maritime department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE" ]

[ "Écrainville", "Geography", "History", "Population", "Places of interest", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3389 ]

[ 16370, 16371, 16372, 16373 ]

[ "The manor in Écretteville-lès-Baons" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Manoir_du_Catel_2.JPG" ]

[ "Écretteville-lès-Baons is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.", "A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some 26 miles (42 km) northwest of Rouen near the junction of the D110 with the D6015 road.", "", "The church of St. Blaise, dating from the thirteenth century.\nThe fortified manorhouse du Catel, dating from the thirteenth century.", "Communes of the Seine-Maritime department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE" ]

[ "Écretteville-lès-Baons", "Geography", "Population", "Places of interest", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3390 ]

[ 16374 ]

[ "The church in Écriennes" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/%C3%89glise_d%27%C3%89criennes_2.JPG" ]

[ "Écriennes ([ekʁijɛn]) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.", "Communes of the Marne department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021." ]

[ "Écriennes", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3391 ]

[ 16375 ]

[ "The town hall in Écrille" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Mairie_%C3%89crille_1.jpg" ]

[ "Écrille ([ekʁij]) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.", "", "Communes of the Jura department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.\n\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file" ]

[ "Écrille", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3392 ]

[ 16376 ]

[ "Plateau d'Emparis", "", "Borders of the park and principal summits, towns and rivers", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Dreamy_wake_up%2C_Plateau_d%27Emparis.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/France_relief_location_map.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/DSCN1287-ecrins-park.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Lac_Gentau.jpg" ]

[ "Écrins National Park (French: parc national des Écrins, [paʁk nasjɔnal dez‿ekʁɛ̃]; Occitan: parc Nacional dels Escrinhs) is a French national park located in the southeastern part of France in the Dauphiné Alps south of Grenoble and north of Gap, shared between the departments of Isère and Hautes-Alpes.", "It rises up to 4,102 m (13,458 ft) at the Barre des Écrins and covers 925 km² (357 sq mi) of high mountain areas, with high peaks, glacier fields, glacier valleys, alpine pastures, subalpine woodlands and lakes. It attracts up to 800,000 tourists annually. The park has been awarded the European Diploma of Protected Areas.\nIts borders mostly correspond to these of the Massif des Écrins, delimited by the main valleys of rivers Drac, Romanche and Durance (with its Guisane dependency). Écrins National Park covers the territory of the following communes: Ancelle, Aspres-lès-Corps, Bénévent-et-Charbillac, Besse-en-Oisans, Buissard, Chabottes, Champcella, Champoléon, Chantelouve, Châteauroux-les-Alpes, Chauffayer, Clavans-en-Haut-Oisans, Crots, Embrun, Entraigues, Freissinières, L'Argentière-la-Bessée, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudémar, La Grave, La Motte-en-Champsaur, Lavaldens, Le Bourg-d'Oisans, Le Monêtier-les-Bains, Le Périer, Les Costes, Les Infournas, Les Vigneaux, Mizoën, Mont-de-Lans, Orcières, Oris-en-Rattier, Ornon, Oulles, Pelvoux, Prunières, Puy-Saint-Vincent, Puy-Saint-Eusèbe, Puy-Sanières, Réallon, Réotier, Saint-Apollinaire, Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur, Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans, Saint-Clément-sur-Durance, Saint-Eusèbe-en-Champsaur, Saint-Firmin, Saint-Jacques-en-Valgodemard, Saint-Jean-Saint-Nicolas, Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur, Saint-Léger-les-Mélèzes, Saint-Maurice-en-Valgodemard, Saint-Michel-de-Chaillol, Savines-le-Lac, Valbonnais, Valjouffrey, Vallouise, Vénosc, Villar-d'Arêne, Villard-Notre-Dame, Villard-Reymond and Villar-Loubière.", "Massif des Écrins", "Ecrins National Park official site\nEcrins pictures\nGR54 Hike in the Écrins (in Dutch)" ]

[ "Écrins National Park", "Geography", "See also", "External links" ]

[ 3393, 3394, 3395, 3396 ]

[ 16377, 16378, 16379, 16380 ]

[ "The town hall in Écromagny" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/%C3%89cromagny%2C_Mairie.jpg" ]

[ "Écromagny is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.", "Communes of the Haute-Saône department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écromagny", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3397 ]

[ 16381 ]

[ "The town hall in Écrosnes" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/%C3%89crosnes_Mairie_1.jpg" ]

[ "Écrosnes ([ekʁon]) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.", "", "Communes of the Eure-et-Loir department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.\n\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écrosnes", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3398 ]

[ 16382 ]

[ "The town hall in Écrouves" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Ecrouves-Hotel-de-Ville.JPG" ]

[ "Écrouves ([ekʁuv]) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.", "Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department\nParc naturel régional de Lorraine", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.\n\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écrouves", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3399 ]

[ 16383 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/%C3%89ctor_Jaime_Ram%C3%ADrez_Barba.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Doctors_stethoscope_2.jpg" ]

[ "Éctor Jaime Ramírez Barba (born 1 December 1956) is a Mexican surgeon and politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato.", "\"Perfil del legislador\". Legislative Information System. Retrieved 10 October 2014." ]

[ "Éctor Jaime Ramírez Barba", "References" ]

[ 3400, 3401 ]

[ 16384 ]

[ "The first écu, issued by Louis IX of France, in 1266.", "écu a la chaise of Philip VI", "écu à la couronne of Charles VI", "écu au soleil of Louis XII", "", "1644 quarter écu of Louis XIV", "Louis d'argent of Louis XIII, 1642", "Silver coin: 1 écu - Louis XVI, 1784", "1792 half écu of Louis XVI" ]

[ 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/First_%C3%A9cu%2C_issued_by_Louis_IX_of_France_in_1266.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Philip_VI_%C3%A9cu_1348_631767.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/%C3%89cu_d%27or_%C3%A0_la_couronne_sous_Charles_VI_le_Fou.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/%C3%89cu_louis_XII.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/France_1641_Ecu_d%27Or_%28Louis13%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/France_1644-A_Quarter_Ecu_%28Louis14%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Ecu_d%27argent_de_Louis_XIII_le_Juste.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/1_ecu_Louis_XVI_1-_1784_M.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/France_1792-A_Half_Ecu_%28Louis16%29.jpg" ]

[ "The term écu ([eky]) may refer to one of several French coins. The first écu was a gold coin (the écu d'or) minted during the reign of Louis IX of France, in 1266. The value of the écu varied considerably over time, and silver coins (known as écu d'argent) were also introduced.\nÉcu (from Latin scutum) means shield, and the coin was so called because its design included the coat of arms of France. The word is related to Catalan escut, Italian scudo or Portuguese Castilian escudo. In English, the écu was often referred to as the crown.", "", "When Louis IX took the throne, France still used small silver deniers (abbreviated d.), which had circulated since the time of Charlemagne to the exclusion of larger silver or gold coins. Over the years, French kings had granted numerous nobles and bishops the right to strike coins and their “feudal” coinages competed with the royal coinage. Venice and Florence had already shown that there was demand for larger silver and gold coins and in 1266 Louis IX sought an advantage for the royal coinage by expanding it in these areas. His gold écu d'or showed a shield strewn with fleur-de-lis, which was the coat of arms of the kings of France at the time. These coins were valued as if gold was worth only 10 times as much as silver, an unrealistic ratio which Edward III of England had unsuccessfully tried to use. It failed again, Louis IX's silver coins were a great success but his gold was not accepted at this rate and his successor discontinued gold coinage.", "Philip IV reintroduced gold coinage to France in 1296 and began a sequence of extravagantly designed but rapidly changing types. These coins were generally named for their obverse design, and the écu à la chaise which Philip VI introduced in 1337 showed a shield with the coat of arms of the kings of France beside the seated king. Philip VI spent vast quantities of these coins subsidizing his allies in the Netherlands at the outset of the Hundred Years' War, and this coin was widely copied in the Netherlands.\nCharles VI ended the practice of frequently changing gold coin designs (but not that of tampering with their weight and value) with his écu à la couronne in 1385. This is again named after the shield on the obverse, which now has a crown above it and the modern coat of arms of the kings of France with three fleur-de-lis. Charles VI's father had scored major gains against the English but had passed the cost on to his children. The government of the child Charles VI abandoned his father's sound money policy by replacing his gold franc à cheval. The new écu à la couronne weighed less than the franc but its value was increased from 1livre (₶.), i.e. 20 sous (abbr. s), for the franc to 22s.  6d. (i.e. 1₶. 2s. 6d.) for the écu. Not only was this a devaluation, but while the franc had been identified with its valuation of one livre the valuation of the écu à la couronne was subject to manipulation.\nIn 1475, Louis XI created a variant of the écu à la couronne called an écu au soleil because the Sun now appeared above the shield. The process of devaluation continued. In 1515 the écu au soleil was valued at 36s. 9d., but this was increased to 45s. by 1547 even though its weight and fineness had been decreased in 1519. The écu design continued, essentially unchanged, on French gold coins until 1640 when the louis d’or replaced it.\nIn the second half of the 1500s gold and silver imported from Spanish America impacted the French economy, but the king of France was not getting much of the new wealth. He responded by revaluing the écu d’or in stages from 45s. in 1547 to 60s., i.e. 3₶., in 1577. This exacerbated the inflation caused by the increase in the supply of gold and silver, and the Estates General, which met at Blois in 1576, added to the public pressure to stop currency manipulation.\nIn 1577, Henri III agreed to stabilize the écu d’or at 3₶. and to adopt a new monetary system with prices quoted in écus. As part of this system, he introduced quarter and eighth écu coins struck in silver. The types of quarter and eighth écus d'argent paralleled those of the écu d’or, with the royal arms on the obverse and a cross on the reverse. For the first time in French history, these coins had a mark of value, with IIII or VIII placed on either side of the shield. Royal coins struck at mints in Navarre and Béarn added local heraldry to the fleur-de-lis of France. Feudal coinages at Bouillon and Sedan, Château-Renaud, and Rethel also struck quarter écus, with their own arms replacing the royal arms. By the 17th century this écu d’or would rise in value from 3₶. to more than 5₶., while the hammered silver quarter écu struck until 1646 would rise in value from 15s. to 1₶.", "This still did not give France a coin which could compete with the thalers which were popular in Germany. Moreover, French coins were still made by hand, so precious metal could be illegally shaved from the edges of the coins before passing them on. Finally, the écu d’or was made of 23 carat gold, which was not the international standard. Louis XIII fixed all this. He installed coinage making machinery in the Paris mint and replaced the écu d’or with the Louis d'or in 1640. In 1641 he introduced a thaler-sized silver coin originally called a Louis d’argent, issued at 9 to a French Mark of silver, 11/12 fine (24.93 g fine silver), and valued at three livres tournois - the same value in which the écu d’or was stabilized in 1577. This new 3₶. coin also came to be called an écu.", "From 1690 to 1725 rates were unstable, resulting in the discontinuation of the Louis d'argent in favor of the new silver écu. In 1726 it was first issued at issued 8.3 to a French Mark of silver, 11/12 fine (or 27.03 g fine silver), and valued at 6₶. The silver écu was further broken down into a 1⁄8 value coin (huitième d'écu), a 1⁄4 value coin (the quart d'écu) and a 1⁄2 value coin (the demi-écu). All had the king's bust on the obverse and the royal coat of arms on the reverse.\nThis silver écu was known as the laubthaler in Germany. It circulated in Southern Germany at 2.8 South German gulden. In Switzerland it was worth four Berne livres or four francs of the Helvetic Republic. For more on the 17th-18th centuries currency system, see Louis d'or, livre tournois and Italian scudo.", "The silver écu disappeared during the French Revolution and was replaced by the franc at the rate of 6₶. = 6/1.0125 or 5.93 francs. At 4.5 g fine silver per franc this implied each écu contained only 26.66 g fine silver.\nBut the 5-franc silver coins minted throughout the 19th century were just a continuation of the old écus, and were often still called écu by French people. The écu, as it existed immediately before the French Revolution, was approximately equivalent (in terms of purchasing power) to 24 euro or 30 U.S. dollars in 2017.", "The Count of Monte Cristo (Penguin Classics - by Alexandre Dumas -translated by Robin Buss)\n“The speculators were the richer by eight hundred thousand écus.” (Page 179)", "R. L. in Palgrave, Robert Harry Inglis, ed. (1901). Dictionary of political economy, Volume 1. London: Macmillan. OCLC 562733020.\nEde, James (1808). A View of the Gold and Silver Coins of All Nations (2nd ed.). London: J. M. Richardson.\nCoins In History, John Porteous, page 89.\nCoins In History, John Porteous, page 93\nCoins of Medieval Europe, Philip Grierson, pages 143, 159, and 176\nCoins of Medieval Europe, Philip Grierson, page 144\nCoins in History, John Porteous, page 164.\nGold Coins of the World, Robert Friedberg\nCoins In History, John Porteous, page 182.\nThe Silver Coins of Medieval France, James Roberts, page 341\nCoins In History, John Porteous, page 210.\nShaw, William Arthur (1896). \"The History of Currency, 1252-1894: Being an Account of the Gold and Silver Moneys and Monetary Standards of Europe and America, Together with an Examination of the Effects of Currency and Exchange Phenomena on Commercial and National Progress and Well-being\".\nBerne: ecu de 6 livres francais = 4 francs. https://books.google.fr/books?id=MV0OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR26#v=onepage&q&f=false" ]

[ "Écu", "History", "Origin", "Écu d'or", "Silver Louis or écu of 1641", "Silver écu of 1726", "French Revolution", "References in novels", "References" ]

[ 3402, 3403, 3404, 3405, 3406, 3407, 3408, 3409 ]

[ 16385, 16386, 16387, 16388, 16389, 16390, 16391, 16392, 16393, 16394, 16395, 16396, 16397, 16398, 16399, 16400, 16401, 16402, 16403 ]

[ "The town hall in Écuélin" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/%C3%89cu%C3%A9lin_%28Nord-Fr%29_mairie_avec_tour_de_l%27%C3%A9glise.jpg" ]

[ "Écuélin ([ekɥelɛ̃]) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.", "", "Communes of the Nord department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file" ]

[ "Écuélin", "Heraldry", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3410 ]

[ 16404 ]

[ "Écublens", "", "View from Écublens over the EPFL campus and Lake Léman.", "Church of Écublens", "View of the village square also known as the Motty.", "A building of the EPFL in Écublens", "Church of Écublens by night" ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 4, 4, 5, 8 ]

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[ "Écublens ([ekyblɑ̃]) is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Ouest Lausannois. It is a suburb of Lausanne and is served by the Lausanne metro line 1 and several bus lines. The nearest train station is Renens.", "A Hallstatt era grave was discovered in Dorigny. Three Bronze Age graves were found in Valeyre and several La Tène culture graves have been found in Bassenges and Valeyre. A motte (a raised earthen, fortified hill) of an unknown age is found at a place in the municipality which is known as Chateau-de-la-Motte. A connection between the motte and nearby Roman era artifacts has not been established.\nÉcublens is first mentioned around 958-59 as in villa Escublens. In 964 it was mentioned as Scubilingis in a document recording the property of the cathedral of Lausanne. This document mentions that Scubilingis is situated near Renens.\nIn the 10th Century Écublens was part of the territory of Renens. Under Bernese rule it was part of the bailiwick of Lausanne and was administered by that court. In 1156, a chapel was built in Écublens which was under the authority of the Priory of Saint-Sulpice. In 1228 the parish church of St. Peter is first mentioned. By 1453 the parish church was again under the authority of the church of Saint-Sulpice.\nOn 9 May 1476, Charles the Bold, the Duke of Burgundy, gathered his army in Écublens after his defeat at the Battle of Grandson, in preparation for the Battle of Morat. The area was under the Bernese Occupation from 1536 until 1798, when French troops arrived. On 12 May 1800, Napoleon inspected two divisions of his troops in Écublens on his way to the Great St Bernard Pass during his Italian campaign of 1800.\nAfter the Protestant Reformation included the parish of Écublens was created, which included Saint-Sulpice and the village of Chavannes. They remained part of the parish until 1966.\nIn 1803 it was made the district capital. In 1909 the General Council was replaced by a local council.\nDuring World War II a small aerodrome was operated in Écublens. As part of the nation's planning for post-war development of aviation, Lausanne planned to expand this facility into one of five regional airports forming a second-tier of airports in the country. This development would permit the disposal of the nearby Blécherett Aerodrome as that location was deemed to be unfeasible for expansion. This plan was not fulfilled, and the Écublens aerodrome fell into disuse. There was an effort in the 1950s to revive the plan and build an 1100 m runway along with facilities for regional and air taxi operations as the Lausanne-Ecublens Regional Airport (French: Aéroport régional Lausanne-Ecublens). A two-stage proposal foresaw paving at least one of the smaller grass surface runways as well to support recreational and executive use, but ultimately this plan as well was shelved.\nStrong growth in the agricultural industry in the 1960s fueled to a population explosion mostly through immigration. In addition, the municipality grew due to the influx of several large companies: in 1959, Socsil AG, in 1962, Socorex Isba AG, in 1964 Nokia-Maillefer Sapal AG, in 1970, ARL AG (Laboratory), in 1972, Leduc-Thévenaz Sirec AG and in 1979 the administration of Migros Vaud.\nIn the vicinity of the castle built by Etienne de Loys in 1770, the University of Lausanne built the Cantonal and University Library in 1970. In 1977, this was followed by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Together they now occupy a fifth of the municipal area.", "Écublens has an area, as of 2009, of 5.7 square kilometers (2.2 sq mi). Of this area, 1.56 km² (0.60 sq mi) or 27.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.66 km² (0.25 sq mi) or 11.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3.4 km² (1.3 sq mi) or 59.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.04 km² (9.9 acres) or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and 0.03 km² (7.4 acres) or 0.5% is unproductive land.\nOf the built up area, industrial buildings made up 9.5% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 27.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 16.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.2% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 22.8% is used for growing crops and 2.3% is pastures, while 2.3% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.\nThe municipality was part of the Morges District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Écublens became part of the new district of Ouest Lausannois.\nThe municipality includes the village of Le Motty, which is the administrative and religious center of the municipality, the rural village of Renges, and the hamlets of Bassenges, Villars, Epenex and Dorigny. Écublens is located on a moraine. Three rivers run through the municipality: the Venoge, Sorge and Chamberonne. Écublens contains the campuses of the University of Lausanne (since 1970) and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (since 1978).", "The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale Azure and Gules, a bend Or overall.", "Écublens has a population (as of December 2020) of 13,157. As of 2008, 43.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 13.1%. It has changed at a rate of 7.8% due to migration and at a rate of 6.1% due to births and deaths.\nMost of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (7,825 or 76.5%), with Italian being second most common (667 or 6.5%) and German being third (467 or 4.6%). There are 4 people who speak Romansh.\nOf the population in the municipality 1,718 or about 16.8% were born in Écublens and lived there in 2000. There were 2,916 or 28.5% who were born in the same canton, while 1,626 or 15.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 3,686 or 36.0% were born outside of Switzerland.\nIn 2008 there were 67 live births to Swiss citizens and 72 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 56 deaths of Swiss citizens and 8 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 11 while the foreign population increased by 64. There was 1 Swiss man who immigrated back to Switzerland and 4 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 135 non-Swiss men and 110 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 168 and the non-Swiss population increased by 81 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.4%.\nThe age distribution, as of 2009, in Écublens is; 1,168 children or 10.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,235 teenagers or 11.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,720 people or 15.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,700 people or 15.6% are between 30 and 39, 1,647 people or 15.1% are between 40 and 49, and 1,417 people or 13.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 1,073 people or 9.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 599 people or 5.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 281 people or 2.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 69 people or 0.6% who are 90 and older.\nAs of 2000, there were 4,387 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 4,740 married individuals, 463 widows or widowers and 637 individuals who are divorced.\nAs of 2000, there were 4,439 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 1,676 households that consist of only one person and 191 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 4,527 households that answered this question, 37.0% were households made up of just one person and there were 18 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 1,066 married couples without children, 1,353 married couples with children There were 244 single parents with a child or children. There were 82 households that were made up of unrelated people and 88 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.\nIn 2000 there were 363 single family homes (or 44.4% of the total) out of a total of 818 inhabited buildings. There were 298 multi-family buildings (36.4%), along with 104 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (12.7%) and 53 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.5%). Of the single family homes 44 were built before 1919, while 55 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (74) were built between 1946 and 1960. The most multi-family homes (67) were built between 1961 and 1970 and the next most (62) were built between 1971 and 1980. There were 5 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.\nIn 2000 there were 4,830 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 1,752. There were 524 single room apartments and 421 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 4,251 apartments (88.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 449 apartments (9.3%) were seasonally occupied and 130 apartments (2.7%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 9.1 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.11%.\nThe historical population is given in the following chart:", "The Archives of Modern Construction at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne and University of Lausanne manuscripts department and the Jean Monnet Foundation for Europe are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.", "In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 24.95% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (24.61%), the Green Party (14.18%) and the FDP (11.25%). In the federal election, a total of 1,956 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.4%.", "As of  2010, Écublens had an unemployment rate of 5%. As of 2008, there were 22 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 2,734 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 143 businesses in this sector. 9,226 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 373 businesses in this sector. There were 5,381 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.8% of the workforce.\nIn 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 10,353. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, of which 13 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 2,617 of which 2,033 or (77.7%) were in manufacturing and 478 (18.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 7,722. In the tertiary sector; 984 or 12.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 173 or 2.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 248 or 3.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 180 or 2.3% were in the information industry, 226 or 2.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 944 or 12.2% were technical professionals or scientists, 4,100 or 53.1% were in education and 391 or 5.1% were in health care.\nIn 2000, there were 5,896 workers who commuted into the municipality and 4,007 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.5 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 1.7% of the workforce coming into Écublens are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.0% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 23% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.9% used a private car.\nThe École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and its Swiss Tech Convention Center are located in Écublens.", "From the 2000 census, 4,308 or 42.1% were Roman Catholic, while 2,946 or 28.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 284 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.78% of the population), there were 7 individuals (or about 0.07% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 429 individuals (or about 4.19% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 8 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who were Jewish, and 544 (or about 5.32% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 41 individuals who were Buddhist, 19 individuals who were Hindu and 20 individuals who belonged to another church. 1,323 (or about 12.94% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 507 individuals (or about 4.96% of the population) did not answer the question.", "In Écublens about 3,597 or (35.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 1,294 or (12.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 1,294 who completed tertiary schooling, 42.5% were Swiss men, 21.8% were Swiss women, 22.8% were non-Swiss men and 12.9% were non-Swiss women.\nIn the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 1,204 students in the Écublens school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 803 children of which 502 children (62.5%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 625 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 548 students in those schools. There were also 31 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.\nAs of 2000, there were 1,901 students in Écublens who came from another municipality, while 762 residents attended schools outside the municipality.", "Well-known citizens of Écublens include Treytorrens de Loys, who commanded a division during the First World War, and François De Loys.\nDuring his exile in Switzerland, Lenin stayed briefly in Écublens several times.", "Dorigny", "\"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen\". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.\n\"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018\". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.\nÉcublens in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.\nBell, E. A. (10 May 1945). \"Swiss Planning\". Flight and Aircraft Engineer. Royal Aero Club. XLVII (1898): 501. Retrieved 5 July 2016.\nAéroport régional Lausanne-Ecublens (PDF) (in French), Ville de Lausanne\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data (in German) accessed 25 March 2010.\nNomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz (in German) accessed 4 April 2011.\nFlags of the World.com accessed 23 June 2011.\n\"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit\". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 (in German) accessed 19 June 2010.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 23 June 2011.\nSTAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 (in German) accessed 2 February 2011.\nCanton of Vaud Statistical Office (in French) accessed 29 April 2011.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen (in German) accessed 28 January 2011.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 (in German) accessed 29 January 2011.\n\"Kantonsliste A-Objekte\". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2011.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton (in German) accessed 28 May 2010.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 (in German) accessed 28 January 2011.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb (in German) accessed 24 June 2010.\nOrganigramme de l'école vaudoise, année scolaire 2009-2010 (in French) accessed 2 May 2011.\nCanton of Vaud Statistical Office - Scol. obligatoire/filières de transition (in French) accessed 2 May 2011.", "Official website\nÉcublens in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland." ]

[ "Écublens, Vaud", "History", "Geography", "Coat of arms", "Demographics", "Heritage sites of national significance", "Politics", "Economy", "Religion", "Education", "Notable people", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3411, 3412, 3413, 3414, 3415, 3416, 3417 ]

[ 16405, 16406, 16407, 16408, 16409, 16410, 16411, 16412, 16413, 16414, 16415, 16416, 16417, 16418, 16419, 16420, 16421, 16422, 16423, 16424, 16425, 16426, 16427, 16428, 16429, 16430, 16431, 16432, 16433, 16434, 16435, 16436, 16437, 16438, 16439, 16440, 16441, 16442, 16443, 16444 ]

[ "The town hall in Écueil", "" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Mairie_monument_%C3%89cueil.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Croix_%C3%A0_Ecueil_503.JPG" ]

[ "Écueil ([ekœj] (listen)) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.", "Communes of the Marne department\nMontagne de Reims Regional Natural Park", "\"Populations légales 2017\". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020." ]

[ "Écueil", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3418 ]

[ 16445 ]

[ "Town hall" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Mairie_Ecueill%C3%A9.jpg" ]

[ "Écueillé ([ekœje] (listen)) is a commune in the Indre department, central France.", "", "Communes of the Indre department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écueillé", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3419 ]

[ 16446 ]

[ "The church in Écuelle" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Ecuelle_1.jpg" ]

[ "Écuelle is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.", "Communes of the Haute-Saône department", "\"Populations légales 2017\". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020." ]

[ "Écuelle", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3420 ]

[ 16447 ]

[ "Town hall" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Ecuelles_-_mairie_-_%C3%A9cole.JPG" ]

[ "Écuelles is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.", "Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department", "\"Populations légales 2017\". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020." ]

[ "Écuelles, Saône-et-Loire", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3421 ]

[ 16448 ]

[ "The church of Écuires" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Ecuires_%C3%A9glise_cimeti%C3%A8re.jpg" ]

[ "Écuires ([ekɥiʁ]; West Flemish: Schuren) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.", "A village situated just outside Montreuil-sur-Mer on the N1 road.", "The fifteenth-century church of St. Vaast\nThe sixteenth-century Château du Quiévremont", "", "Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.\n\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE" ]

[ "Écuires", "Geography", "Places of interest", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3422 ]

[ 16449 ]

[ "Canal du centre" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Ecluse-Nr.1_Ecuisses.JPG" ]

[ "Écuisses ([ekɥis]) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. Le Creusot TGV station is situated in the commune.", "Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021." ]

[ "Écuisses", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3423 ]

[ 16450 ]

[ "The bay of Quervière" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/%C3%89culleville_-_Baie_de_Quervi%C3%A8re_%282%29.JPG" ]

[ "Éculleville ([ekylvil]) is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Hague.", "Communes of the Manche department", "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019, INSEE\nArrêté préfectoral 27 September 2016 (in French)" ]

[ "Éculleville", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3424 ]

[ 16451 ]

[ "The Château du Vivier" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Ecully_vivier.jpg" ]

[ "Écully ([ekyli] (listen)) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France just west of Lyon.\nIt is the location of the Paul Bocuse Institute, which is partially situated inside the Château du Vivier. It is also the location of many higher education institutions, including École de Management de Lyon and École centrale de Lyon. The city is also home to the French National Institute of Forensic Science. Écully is at 6 km of Lyon downtown. It offers a privileged lifestyle in the countryside just a few minutes from the downtown of the second largest metropolitan area in France. It is also one of the most exclusive towns of Lyon. The city is served by the Transports en commun lyonnais (TCL). The botanist Antoine Cariot (1820–1883) was born in Écully.", "Écully was originally covered with a forest of oaks \"Aesculus\" in Latin, the name changed over the millennia into Esculiacus, Excolliacus, Escullieu, Escully, Ecuilly, and finally, Écully.", "The circumstances and date of foundation of the city are lost in the mists of time. The site has been settled by humans since the Stone Age, burial pits as well as several polished stone axes, pottery debris, and a hollowed out stone in the form of a basin or mortar were found in 1860 during excavations. \nIn the early days of the Roman Empire the development of the Roman colony and capital of Gaul Lugdunum (which later became the city of Lyon) required the construction of major roads leading to other cities in Gaul. Built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (son-in-law, and lieutenant to the first Roman emperor Augustus) two of these roads pass through Écully. The Roman colony also needed a massive water supply. The aqueducts that brought it from the Mont d'Or and the Brevenne river, crossed Écully.\nThe name of the town appears for the first time in 980 AD in a document of a cartulary of the Savigny Abbey situated on the confines of Normandy and Brittany.\nÉcully benefited from the economic development of Lyon. Rich merchants, aldermen, and notables bought the land and built beautiful houses, attracted in particular by a favorable tax system, obtained in 1485 and confirmed by Henri IV in 1594: the exemption from the Taille direct land tax. Some of the city's oldest remaining families settled in the city during this time.", "", "École centrale de Lyon\nEMLYON Business School\nCentre national de la recherche scientifique\nPaul Bocuse Institute\nFrench National Forensic Institute", "Écully has four clinics: the Val d'Ouest, La Sauvegarde, Mon repos and Saint-Louis.", "The city has a municipal swimming pool, several gyms, a bowling alley, a multipurpose room, a tennis court, a football and a rugby field.", "The city is the seat of Euronews TV and the Groupe SEB (the world leader in small appliance).", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\n\"Institut Paul Bocuse: Contact\". Retrieved 2009-03-14.\nVingtrinier and Vaesen (1900). Ecully. Lyon: imprimerie Paquet. p. 9.\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE" ]

[ "Écully", "Name", "History", "Population", "Leading institutions of higher education", "Health", "Sports", "Businesses", "References" ]

[ 3425 ]

[ 16452, 16453, 16454, 16455, 16456 ]

[ "Town hall" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Ecuras_mairie.JPG" ]

[ "Écuras is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.", "", "Communes of the Charente department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 9 August 2021.\n\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écuras", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3426 ]

[ 16457 ]

[ "The church and surroundings in Écurat" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Ecurat1.jpg" ]

[ "Écurat ([ekyʁa]) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.", "", "Communes of the Charente-Maritime department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.\n\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écurat", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3427 ]

[ 16458 ]

[ "The town hall in Écurcey" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Mairie_Ecurcey.JPG" ]

[ "Écurcey ([ekyʁsɛ]) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.", "", "Communes of the Doubs department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écurcey", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3428 ]

[ 16459 ]

[ "The church in Écurey-en-Verdunois" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Eglise_ecurey.JPG" ]

[ "Écurey-en-Verdunois ([ekyʁɛ ɑ̃ vɛʁdynwa]) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.", "Communes of the Meuse department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écurey-en-Verdunois", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3429 ]

[ 16460 ]

[ "The town hall of Écurie", "" ]

[ 0, 5 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Ecurie_mairie_1_%E2%80%A2K5%E2%80%A2.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Arrondissement_d_Arras.PNG" ]

[ "Écurie ([ekyʁi] (listen)) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.", "A farming village situated 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Arras at the junction of the N17 and D60 roads.", "", "The church of St.Séverin, rebuilt, as was most of the village, after World War I.", "Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 9 August 2021.\n\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE" ]

[ "Écurie", "Geography", "Population", "Places of interest", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3430, 3431 ]

[ 16461, 16462 ]

[ "The church in Écury-le-Repos" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Ecury_Eglise.JPG" ]

[ "Écury-le-Repos ([ekyʁi lə ʁəpo]) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.", "Communes of the Marne department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écury-le-Repos", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3432 ]

[ 16463 ]

[ "The church in Écury-sur-Coole" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/%C3%89glise_Ecury_02129.JPG" ]

[ "Écury-sur-Coole ([ekyʁi syʁ kɔl]) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.", "Communes of the Marne department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écury-sur-Coole", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3433 ]

[ 16464 ]

[ "The church in Écutigny" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/%C3%89cutigny_pre%C4%9Dejo.JPG" ]

[ "Écutigny ([ekytiɲi]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.", "", "Communes of the Côte-d'Or department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.\n\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écutigny", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3434 ]

[ 16465 ]

[ "The town hall in Écuvilly" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/042_Ecuvilly_%2860310%29.jpg" ]

[ "Écuvilly is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.", "Communes of the Oise department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 9 August 2021.\n\"Populations légales 2018\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Écuvilly", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3435 ]

[ 16466 ]

[ "Edel de Cléron", "Edel de Cléron" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Edel_de_Cleron.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Edel_de_Cleron_2.jpg" ]

[ "Édel de Cléron is a traditional French cheese of relatively recent origin which carries the name of the village where it is made, Cléron, in the valley of the Loue of the Doubs department in Franche-Comté.\nBy its taste, form and texture, it is close to a Vacherin Mont-d'Or.\nIt is made from lightly pasteurized cow's milk from the Doubs department. It is made all year long.\nIt is surrounded by a band, and packaged in a box, of natural aromatic pine bark from the Jura mountains.", "L'Edel de Cleron - Cheese Library\nThis article is based on the equivalent article from the French Wikipedia, retrieved on July 25, 2008." ]

[ "Édel de Cléron", "Notes and references" ]

[ 3436, 3437 ]

[ 16467 ]

[ "Entrance facade of the Éden-Théâtre\n(with the west facade of the nearby\nPalais Garnier in the background on the left)", "Detail from an 1893 map of Paris with the Éden-Théâtre on the left and the Opéra (Palais Garnier) on the right", "View of the auditorium", "Share certificate of S.A. de l'Eden-Theatre from the 15. December 1881" ]

[ 0, 0, 4, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/%C3%89den-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_1876_Paris_-_Chauveau_1999_after_p96.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/%C3%89den-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_on_an_1893_map_of_Paris_-_UChicago.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/%C3%89den-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_auditorium_-_Andia_1998_p142.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/S.A._de_l%27Eden-Theatre_500_ff_1881.jpg" ]

[ "The Éden-Théâtre was a large theatre (4,000 seats) in the rue Boudreau, Paris, built at the beginning of the 1880s by the architects William Klein and Albert Duclos (1842–1896) in a style influenced by orientalism. It was demolished in 1895.", "", "Inspired by Moghol architecture, it was inaugurated on 7 January 1883 with the ballet Excelsior! with music by Romualdo Marenco,\nand this was followed in subsequent years by other spectacular ballets. The theatre witnessed the single performance of the first Paris production of Wagner's Lohengrin, on 3 May 1887 (in French) with Ernest van Dyck and Fidès Devriès, conducted by Charles Lamoureux, which aroused enormous opposition among the Parisian public.\nThis was followed in 1888 by La fille de Madame Angot with Anna Judic and Jeanne Granier and Le petit duc with José Dupuis and Granier.\nThe four-act version of Orphée aux enfers with Christian and Granier, a revival of Excelsior!, and the Paris premiere of Charles Lecocq's Ali-Baba were presented in 1889.", "After a ballet and a grand revue, the theatre was renamed Théâtre Lyrique in October 1890, and the first Paris performance of Samson et Dalila with Talazac and Bloch and La jolie fille de Perth with Émile Engel and Cécile Mézeray were presented, but the theatre closed before the end of the year due to lack of funds.", "On 12 November 1892 the theatre became the Grand Théâtre, opening with Daudet's play Sapho (with incidental music by Mendelssohn, Delibes and Massenet), followed by a production of Le Malade imaginaire with Charpentier's music arranged by Saint-Saëns. The year 1893 saw a production of L'Arlésienne (music director Gabriel Marie), Pêcheur d'Islande by Loti with Guitry and music by Ropartz, and in November that year the Société des Grand Concerts of Colonne gave Marie-Magdeleine (with Gabrielle Krauss) and La damnation de Faust (with Engel).", "In 1893 a foyer of the Grand Théâtre was converted into a much smaller theatre called the Comédie-Parisienne (later renamed Théâtre de l'Athénée). The colossal theatre suffered continual financial difficulties, closed in 1894, and was demolished in May 1895.", "Wild 2003.\nDecléty, Lorraine (2003). \"L'architecte orientaliste\". Livraisons d'Histoire de l'Architecture (in French). 5 (5): 55–65. doi:10.3406/lha.2003.931. Retrieved 15 September 2010.\n\"PARIS 1876-1939 : LES PERMIS DE CONSTRUIRE\". parisenconstruction.blogspot.com. 12 March 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2010.\nNoel & Stoullig, vol. 9 (année 1883), p. 299.\nNoel & Stoullig, vol. 13 (année 1887), p. 465; Langham-Smith 1992, p. 873.\nNoel & Stoullig, vol. 14 (année 1888), p. 372 (La fille de Madame Angot), p. 379 (Le petit duc).\nNoel & Stoullig, vol. 15 (année 1889), p. 385 (Orphée aux enfers), p. 389 (Excelsior!), p. 392 (Ali-Baba).\nNoel & Stoullig, vol. 16 (année 1890), pp. 509–522.\nNoel & Stoullig, vol. 18 (année 1892), p. 281.\nNoel & Stoullig, vol. 19 (année 1893), pp. 335–342.", "Fauquet, Joël-Marie, editor (2001). Dictionnaire de la musique en France au XIXᵉ siècle. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 9782213593166.\nLangham-Smith, Richard (1992). \"Paris: 1870–1902\" in Sadie 1992, vol. 3, p. 873–879.\nNoel, Édouard; Stoullig, Edmond (1875–1918). Les Annales du Théâtre et de la Musique (41 volumes). Paris. View at HathiTrust.\nSadie, Stanley, editor (1992). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera (4 volumes). London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-56159-228-9.\nTydeman, William; Price, Steven (1991). Wilde: Salome Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56545-5.\nWild, Nicole (2003) \"Éden-Théâtre\" in Fauquet 2003, p. 422." ]

[ "Éden-Théâtre", "History", "Éden-Théâtre", "Théâtre Lyrique", "Grand Théâtre", "Comédie-Parisienne", "References", "Sources" ]

[ 3438, 3439, 3440, 3441 ]

[ 16468, 16469, 16470, 16471, 16472, 16473, 16474, 16475, 16476, 16477 ]

[ "Balanta with Basel in 2017", "Balanta tackling for River Plate in 2016." ]

[ 0, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/%C3%89der_Balanta.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Eder_Balanta_2016.jpg" ]

[ "Éder Fabián Álvarez Balanta ([ˈeðeɾ ˈalβaɾes]; born 28 February 1993) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Belgian First Division A side Club Brugge and the Colombia national team. His overall versatile capabilities have led him to be likened as one of the more promising defenders from South America, earning praise even from Europe. River Plate former coach Ramón Díaz has compared Álvarez Balanta's talents to that of 1970s legend Daniel Passarella.\nA Colombian international, he made his debut against Tunisia on 5 March 2014 and was later named in Colombia's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.\nÁlvarez Balanta is described by FIFA's official website as \"left-footed, powerfully built, strong in the air and a fearless tackler ... blessed with skill and speed.\"", "", "Álvarez Balanta was born in Bogotá, where he signed with the now dissolved club Academia in 2010 (who later became Llaneros). After a successful youth run winning various titles, he attracted the scouts of River Plate. Prior to his move to the Argentinean giants, Balanta was never able to represent the Colombian national youth squads due to vast injuries.", "In early 2011, Álvarez Balanta was tested in the youth division of the Argentinean Club and passed the trials and became a sub with the youth squad. In 2012, he was becoming more of a regular which led to an eventual championship victory in the 2012 U-20 Copa Libertadores. Due to his success with the youth team and impressive talent, he moved into the senior squad officially in 2013.\nÁlvarez Balanta made his debut with the senior squad against Racing Club. In just his third league match, he scored his first goal against Godoy Cruz. Álvarez Balanta scored yet another goal in his very next match, this time against Quilmes Atlético Club. He played his first Superclásico derby match against River Plate's fierce rivals, Boca Juniors. He played a huge part countering and cancelling the attacking plays in a fierce game that ended 1–1. Inter Milan reportedly made a bid for the young Colombian after just five league appearances. River Plate set a €12 million price tag. During a match against All Boys, Álvarez Balanta tore his internal obturador muscle resulting in a two-week absence on the pitch.\nIn July 2013, Álvarez Balanta officially signed his first senior contract with the club on a three-year term deal with a $30 million release clause.\nÁlvarez Balanta noticeably put on a man of the match performance in the 2013 Copa Sudamericana match against San Lorenzo. Throughout the match, he was praised for being \"impassable\".\nIn September 2013, it was reported that Barcelona had taken interest in Álvarez Balanta, and they plan to watch the player to evaluate his development. It was also mentioned that Álvarez Balanta could possibly be a successor to Barça's aging defender Carles Puyol, but that River Plate would require €50 million in any transfer deal. Weeks later, however, River Plate brought down his release clause to €15 million.\nIn River Plate's match against Lanús, Álvarez Balanta received his first ever red card within the last two minutes of regulation time.\nOn 19 February 2015, Álvarez Balanta made his debut in the 2015 Copa Libertadores against Bolivian club San José in which River Plate lost 0–2. On 12 March 2015, Balanta scored his first goal in the Copa Libertadores in 1–1 draw against Juan Aurich of Peru.", "On 14 July 2016, Swiss club Basel announced that they had signed Álvarez Balanta on a four-year contract lasting till 30 June 2020.\nHe made his first team league debut on 24 July in the 3–0 home win against Sion.\nBalanta made his UEFA Champions League group stage debut in a 1–1 draw against PFC Ludogorets Razgrad on 12 September 2016.\nUnder trainer Urs Fischer Balanta won the Swiss Super League championship at the end of the 2016–17 Super League season. For the club this was the eighth title in a row and their 20th championship title in total. They also won the Swiss Cup for the twelfth time, which meant they had won the double for the sixth time in the club's history.\nUnder trainer Marcel Koller Basel won the Swiss Cup in the 2018–19 season. In the first round Basel beat Montlingen 3–0, in the second round Echallens Région 7–2 and in the round of 16 Winterthur 1–0. In the quarter finals Sion were defeated 4–2 after extra time and in the semi finals Zürich 3–1. All these games were played away from home. The final was held on the 19 May 2019 in the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf Bern against Thun. Albian Ajeti scored the first goal, Fabian Frei the second for Basel, then Dejan Sorgić netted a goal for Thun, but the end result was 2–1 for Basel. Balanta played five Cup games and scored a goal in the match against Montlingen.", "On September 2, 2019, he signed three-year contract with Club Brugge.", "Álvarez Balanta attracted the attention of the Colombian Football Federation in May 2013 during his time with River Plate. He was called to be part of the U-20 squad for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Turkey. Due to injuries and the factor that he had yet to sign his first professional contract, River Plate stated that they would not allow him to partake with the national youth squad if he does not meet with his youth contract before signing a senior contract. In June 2013, it was confirmed that River Plate would not allow him to take part in the U-20 World Cup.\nOn 7 November 2013, Álvarez Balanta received his first senior call-up to play friendlies against Belgium and the Netherlands. On his second call-up, Álvarez Balanta made his international debut, coming in at the 65th minute in a friendly against Tunisia.\nOn 6 June 2014, Álvarez Balanta was named by head coach José Pékerman in Colombia's 23-man squad for the 2014 World Cup.", "Álvarez Balanta has been highlighted with top praise in Argentina. Since debuting in top-tier Argentinean football, Álvarez Balanta has been deemed as the \"best defender\" in the league, earning that title within half of his debuting season. Compared to other Colombian legends, he has been referenced for Jorge Bermúdez's hierarchy while having speed and agility to that of Iván Córdoba, all while also carrying wonderful strength and balance. Thus, he is often credited as a complete center-back. Left-footed, Álvarez Balanta has shown that he can play with his right as well. These talents had even made former River Plate coach Ramón Díaz, compare Álvarez Balanta's talents to that of legendary Daniel Passarella.\nEder Alvarez Balanta was inducted into the 5 Star Potential Podcast Wonderkid Hall of Fame for his exploits in the Football Manager series of games.\nIn response to his sudden rise in popularity and praise, Álvarez Balanta has been shown to be quite modest:\n \"I am not as skillful as everyone thinks I am; I understand that people are excited for me and what I can do which is good, as it proves that I am on the right path and that my hard work is paying off. However, I am really just 'normal' and not a 'star', yet. People are often asking me when 'I will go to Barcelona' and it makes me feel uncomfortable because I am still young and learning. But the rumors that run around often make me feel as if my head will explode. It puts stress on my mind when I am trying to focus on River Plate and possibly get the chance to represent Colombia. It's a dream of mine to play for Colombia during a World Cup, but I cannot make it if I don't continue working hard.\"", "", "River Plate Youth\nU-20 Copa Libertadores: 2012\nRiver Plate\nArgentine Primera División: Torneo Final 2014\nCopa Libertadores: 2015\nCopa Sudamericana: 2014\nRecopa Sudamericana: 2015\nBasel\nSwiss Super League: 2016–17\nSwiss Cup: 2016–17, 2018–19\nClub Brugge\nBelgian First Division A: 2019–20, 2020–21\nBelgian Super Cup: 2021", "\"Éder Álvarez Balanta Profile\". cariverplate.com (in Spanish). River Plate. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016.\n\"lvarez Balanta sigue en boca de los catalanes\". lapaginamillonaria.com. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Destacan el interés de Barcelona por Balanta\". Fox Sports. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\nChristopher Atkins. \"20 South American Talents European Clubs Should Be Watching\". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"River podría vender a Balanta en las próximas horas\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\nRodrigo Biggio, \"F.C. Barcelona ties versus Osasuna, Messi and Puyol return\", isportsweb, retrieved 17 January 2015\nTim Vickery. \"BBC Sport - World Cup 2014: More to Colombia than Radamel Falcao\". BBC Sport. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Eder BALANTA\". FIFA. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.\n\"Scout - Eder Alvarez Balanta\". SkySports. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"lvarez Balanta: \"Estoy viviendo un sueo\"\". lapaginamillonaria.com. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Álvarez Balanta va por su Libertadores\". Hechos en Colombia. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Álvarez Balanta anotó su primer gol con River\". ligapostobonapp. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Barovero y Alvarez Balanta, los puntos más altos de un River opaco\". Terra. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Alvarez Balanta estuvo a la altura y no le pesó para nada el superclásico\". La Nación. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Éder Álvarez Balanta estaría en los planes del Milan - Futbolistas Colombianos en el Exterior - Futbolred.com\". futbolred.com. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"¿Balanta al Inter por 12 millones de euros?\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Sufre Ramón Díaz: se desgarró Eder Álvarez Balanta\". La Nación. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Alvarez Balanta signs new contract with River Plate\". buenosairesherald.com. Retrieved 23 May 2015.\n\"Balanta, un defensor de lujo\". Clarin.com. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"¿Se llevan a Álvarez Balanta?\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Destacan el interés de Barcelona por Balanta\". Fox Sports. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\nOriol Domènech (9 May 2013). \"Los próximos fichajes del Barça los hará Tata Martino\". MUNDO DEPORTIVO. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Éder Álvarez Balanta, el fichaje que quiere el FC Barcelona\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\nSeccin Deportes. \"Un jugador de River es la prioridad del Barcelona - MDZ Online\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Alvarez Balanta, el elegido por el Barcelona de Martino para reemplazar a Puyol\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"River Plate name price for Barcelona target Balanta - News - FOX Sports on MSN\". FOX Soccer. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Balanta: una roja ingenua que lo aleja de la vuelta\". lapaginamillonaria.com. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Juan Aurich 1-1 River Plate\". conmebol.com. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.\nFC Basel 1893 (2016). \"Der FC Basel 1893 verpflichtet Eder Balanta\" (in German). FC Basel 1893. Retrieved 14 July 2016.\nMarti, Caspar (2016). \"3:0 gegen Sion – der FCB war beim Auftact parat\". FC Basel 1893. Retrieved 24 July 2016.\n\"Analizamos el debut de Éder Álvarez Balanta en Champions League\". espn.com (in Spanish). ESPN. 12 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018.\nMarti, Casper (2017). \"Der Saisonabschluss im Zeitraffer\". FC Basel 1893. Retrieved 2 June 2017.\n\"Swiss football: FC Basel wins 3–0 over Sion in Geneva; police extra vigilant after game\". allaboutgeneva.com. 25 May 2017.\nVerein \"Basler Fussballarchiv”. \"FC Basel - FC Thun 2:1 (1:0)\". Verein \"Basler Fussballarchiv”. Retrieved 16 November 2019.\n\"Éder Álvarez Balanta and Mbaye Diagne join Club Brugge\". Club Brugge official website. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.\n\"Eder Álvarez Balanta no estará en el mundial sub-20\". ligapostobonapp. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Mauricio Andres Luna\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\nJuan Felipe. \"Convocatoria Selección Colombia para juegos ante Bélgica y Holanda\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Colombia 2014 World Cup squad: the 23 chosen by José Pékerman\". The Guardian. 6 June 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.\nFox Sports. \"Soccer News, Videos, Scores, Standings, Stats, Teams\". FOX Sports. Retrieved 23 May 2015.\nEditorial Rio Negro SA. \"Balanta: \"Yo no soy tan crack como todos dicen\"\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\nNikola. \"Eder Alvarez Balanta could make a surprise move to FC Barcelona\". Voxxi. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Javier Mascherano praise for Barca target Eder Alvarez Balanta - ESPN FC\". ESPNFC.com. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Can Newell's Old Boys repeat?\". buenosairesherald.com. Retrieved 23 May 2015.\nAlex Richards. \"6 of the Best South American Players You Possibly Haven't Heard of Yet\". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Eder Balanta Alvarez vs Racing 4.7.13\". YouTube. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\nNikola. \"Why would FC Barcelona go after Balanta?\". Voxxi. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Eder Alvarez Balanta vs Liga de Loja Copa Sudamericana\". YouTube. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Eder Alvarez Balanta vs San Lorenzo _ Copa Sudamericana 8.22.13\". YouTube. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Eder Alvarez Balanta vs Godoy Cruz\". YouTube. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"BALANTA \"El Coyote\" ● Skills, Goals + ● Jugadas y goles +\". YouTube. Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Stream 5 Star Potential music | Listen to songs, albums, playlists for free on SoundCloud\". \nChristenson, Marcus (22 October 2013). \"Balanta modest towards praise\". Retrieved 22 October 2013.\n\"Eder Balanta: \"Soy un tipo normal; no soy tan crack como dicen\"\". Retrieved 17 January 2015.\n\"Club Brugge awarded Belgian Pro League title as season ended early\". Sky Sports. 15 May 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.\n\"Club Brugge vs. Gent 3-2\". Soccerway. 17 July 2021." ]

[ "Éder Álvarez Balanta", "Club career", "Early career", "River Plate", "Basel", "Club Brugge", "International career", "Playing style and praise", "Honours", "Club", "References" ]

[ 3442, 3443 ]

[ 16478, 16479, 16480, 16481, 16482, 16483, 16484, 16485, 16486, 16487, 16488, 16489, 16490, 16491, 16492, 16493, 16494, 16495, 16496, 16497, 16498, 16499, 16500, 16501, 16502, 16503, 16504, 16505, 16506, 16507 ]

[ "Bonfim in action for Steaua" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/%C3%89der_Bonfim.PNG" ]

[ "Éder José de Oliveira Bonfim (born 3 April 1981) is a retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a right back.", "", "Born in Mineiros, Goiás, Bonfim started professionally with Grêmio Esportivo Inhumense. In January 2002 he signed a five-year contract but, after just five games for the first team, he was successively loaned to Portuguese clubs: S.L. Benfica, C.F. Estrela da Amadora, S.C. Braga and Vitória de Setúbal.\nIn 2005, Éder joined another Primeira Liga side, U.D. Leiria, being first-choice for the duration of his spell.", "In the summer of 2008, Bonfim signed with FC Timişoara. In January of the following year, he had a brief loan spell with fellow Liga I team FC Gloria Buzău; upon his return, he became a first-team regular.\nSubsequently, Éder moved to country giants FC Steaua București. On 16 August 2010 he made his league debut for the capital side, against FC Victoria Brăneşti.\nOn 4 May 2011, Éder terminated contract with Steaua by mutual agreement. He left his following club, FK Khazar Lankaran in Azerbaijan, on 26 July 2013, following a 0–8 home defeat to Maccabi Haifa F.C. for the season's UEFA Europa League.", "Vitória Setúbal\nTaça de Portugal: 2004–05\nSteaua București\nCupa României: 2010–11", "\"New blood at Braga\". UEFA. 6 June 2003.\n\"Ricardo si Bonfim si-au reziliat contractele\" [Ricardo and Bonfim terminate contract] (in Romanian). Steaua FC. 4 May 2011.\n\"Khazar Lankaran players in the management of large amounts cərimələyəcək\" (in Azerbaijani). Azeri Sport. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.", "Éder Bonfim at ForaDeJogo \nÉder Bonfim at RomanianSoccer.ro (in Romanian) and StatisticsFootball.com" ]

[ "Éder Bonfim", "Football career", "Early years / Portugal", "Romania", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3444 ]

[ 16508, 16509, 16510, 16511 ]

[ "Carbonera at the 2016 Olympics" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/%C3%89der_Carbonera_Rio_2016-cr.jpg" ]

[ "Éder Francis Carbonera (born 19 October 1983) is a Brazilian volleyball player for Taubaté. He was part of the Brazil men's national volleyball team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship and 2016 Summer Olympics. He played for Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei from 2013 to 2016. Carbonera In 2009, helped Brazil win the gold medal in the three competitions disputed, World League, Champions Cup and South American Championship.", "", "2005/2006 Brazilian Superliga, with Cimed Florianópolis\n2007/2008 Brazilian Superliga, with Cimed Florianópolis\n2008/2009 Brazilian Superliga, with Cimed Florianópolis\n2009/2010 Brazilian Superliga, with Cimed Florianópolis\n2013/2014 Brazilian Superliga, with Sada Cruzeiro\n2014/2015 Brazilian Superliga, with Sada Cruzeiro\n2015/2016 Brazilian Superliga, with Sada Cruzeiro", "2009 – with Cimed Florianópolis\n 2014 – with Sada Cruzeiro\n 2016 – with Sada Cruzeiro", "2013 – with Sada Cruzeiro\n 2015 – with Sada Cruzeiro", "2006/07 Brazilian Superliga – Best Blocker\n2018/19 Brazilian Superliga – Best Middle Blocker", "Éder Francis Carbonera. cob.org.br\n\"\"A gente nunca pode esquecer de onde começou\", diz Éder Carbonera, campeão olímpico homenageado em Caxias\". Pioneiro. Retrieved 2017-02-04.\n\"Éder estreia no Taubaté e espera por entrosamento ao longo da temporada\". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2017-02-04.\n\"Team Roster 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship – Brazil\". poland2014.fivb.org. Retrieved 12 October 2015.", "Éder Carbonera at the European Volleyball Confederation \nÉder Carbonera at Olympedia" ]

[ "Éder Carbonera", "Sporting achievements", "Clubs", "South American Club Championship", "FIVB Club World Championship", "Individual", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3445 ]

[ 16512, 16513 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Eder_Lima.jpg" ]

[ "Éder Fermino Lima (born 29 June 1984), commonly known as Éder Lima, is a futsal player who plays as a pivot. Born in Brazil, he represents the Russia national team.", "2012 FIFA Futsal World Cup:\nGolden Shoe winner (9 goals)\nUEFA Futsal Euro 2014:\nGolden Shoe winner (8 goals)\n2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup:\nSilver Shoe winner\nSilver Ball winner\nUEFA Futsal Euro 2018:\nThird Place", "\"2012 FIFA Futsal World Cup squad\". FIFA. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012.", "Éder Lima – FIFA competition record (archived)\nGazprom UGRA profile" ]

[ "Éder Lima (futsal player)", "Awards", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3446 ]

[ 16514 ]

[ "Mauro in February 2017" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/%C3%89der_Mauro_em_fevereiro_de_2017.jpg" ]

[ "Éder Mauro Cardoso Barra (born 14 December 1960), better known as Delegado Éder Mauro or simply Éder Mauro, is a Brazilian politician and police chief. He has spent his political career representing Pará, having served as federal deputy representative since 2015.", "Mauro is the son of Maria Trindade Martins Cardoso and Vivaldo de Jesus Barra. At the age of seventeen, Mauro took law courses at the Federal University of Pará and entered the police force shortly after graduating from university at the age of twenty-two, where he eventually became chief of the civil police for the state of Pará.", "A member of the parliamentary front known as \"Bancada da bala\", Mauro is well known in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies for advocating loosing of gun laws and advocating the right to bear arms. The deputy is also part of the Evangelical Caucus of the National Congress and is part of the allied base of the current president Jair Bolsonaro, however during the 2018 state elections in the state of Pará Mauro defended the PSD's position of integrating the support base of the then candidate Helder Barbalho, affiliated to the opposing Brazilian Democratic Movement. As a former police officer, Mauro is well known for his strong stance on crime and punishing criminals.\nMauro ran for mayor of his hometown of Belém under the banner of the PSD party in 2016, but finished third with 128,549 votes (16.53% of the ballot) behind Zenaldo Coutinho and Edmilson Rodrigues.\nMauro voted in favor of the impeachment motion of then-president Dilma Rousseff. Braga voted in favor of the 2017 Brazilian labor reform, and would vote in against opening a corruption investigation into Rousseff's successor Michel Temer.", "In September 2015 the Pará State Court of Justice referred to the Supreme Federal Court a lawsuit against Mauro claiming that he deliberately omitted reporting instances of extortion and torture allegedly committed by police officers under his leadership as chief of the civil police of Pará. The case was dismissed for lack of evidence in 2016 when the Second Panel of the Supreme Court acquitted him unanimously.\nOn 1 May 2019 Mauro had his official profile removed by Facebook due to publishing content considered to be promoting violence and that violated the website's guidelines. On the 26 of the same month Mauro was accused of physically assaulting Bruna Lorrane, a transexual woman lawyer and public servant. According to her Mauro pushed and punched her, causing her to receive multiple bruises on her body. Mauro denied the allegations and claimed that Lorrane's accusations were nothing more than \"fake news\".\nIn July 2019 Mauro was accused of promoting homophobia by publishing the name and information of a LGBT rights activist and university student on his Facebook page. The student later said that he had received multiple hateful messages and content after Mauro had released his information.\nIn February 2020 after deputy Glauber Braga got in an argument with justice minister and judge Sergio Moro, Braga called Moro a \"militant henchman\" who was defending Flávio Bolsonaro from corruption allegations while Moro claimed Braga was unqualified and that the PSOL party was the one protecting criminals. Mauro then jumped in and insulted Braga's mother before the chairman, Marcelo Ramos, decided to call off the hearing.", "\"DELEGADO ÉDER MAURO – Biografia\". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 February 2020.\n\"Delegado Eder Mauro Cardoso Barra\" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 February 2020.\nÉboli, Evandro (6 March 2015). \"Delegados, policiais e cabos da 'bancada da bala' dominam Comissão de Segurança da Câmara\". O Globo. Retrieved 12 February 2020.\n\"Frente Parlamentar Evangélica do Congresso Nacional\". Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 February 2020.\n\"PSD sinaliza apoio ao MDB nas eleições 2018 no Pará\" (in Portuguese). Diário Online. 26 July 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2020.\nTadeu Monteiro, Geraldo; Ismael, Ricardo (4 June 2018). O Brasil nas urnas: eleições municipais 2016. p. 35. ISBN 9788559683660.\n\"Eleições 2016, Resultado da Apuração: Belém, PA\" (in Portuguese). G1 Globo. Retrieved 12 February 2019.\n\"Reforma trabalhista: como votaram os deputados\" (in Portuguese). Carta Capital. 27 April 2017. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2017.\n\"Veja como deputados votaram no impeachment de Dilma, na PEC 241, na reforma trabalhista e na denúncia contra Temer\" [See how deputies voted in the impeachment of Dilma, in PEC 241, in the labor reform and in the denunciation against Temer] (in Portuguese). G1 Globo. 2 August 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2019.\n\"Como votou cada deputado sobre a denúncia contra Temer\" (in Portuguese). Carta Capital. 4 August 2017. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2017.\nAguiar, Gustavo (8 January 2016). \"STF abre inquérito contra deputado do PSD por tortura\" (in Portuguese). Estadão. Retrieved 12 February 2020.\n\"Segunda Turma absolve deputado Éder Mauro (PSD-PA) por falta de provas\". Notícias STF (in Portuguese). 13 December 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2020.\nBergamo, Mônica (1 May 2019). \"Facebook remove página oficial de deputado federal do Pará\" (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 12 February 2020.\n\"Deputado federal Éder Mauro é acusado de agredir servidora transexual durante votação em Belém\" (in Portuguese). G1 Globo. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2020.\n\"Liderança estudantil denuncia deputado federal Éder Mauro à PGR por homofobia\" (in Portuguese). G1 Globo. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2020.\nPeron, Isadora (12 February 2020). \"Moro e deputado batem boca em audiência na Câmara\" (in Portuguese). Valor. Retrieved 12 February 2020." ]

[ "Éder Mauro", "Personal life", "Political career", "Controversies", "References" ]

[ 3447 ]

[ 16515, 16516, 16517, 16518, 16519, 16520, 16521, 16522, 16523, 16524, 16525, 16526, 16527 ]

[ "Militão in 2021", "Militão playing for Porto in October 2018", "Militão (number 14) shakes hands with President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro and President of CONMEBOL Alejandro Domínguez after winning the 2019 Copa América" ]

[ 0, 3, 5 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Eder_Militao_2021.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/%C3%89der_Milit%C3%A3o.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/2019_Final_da_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_2019_-_48226654072.jpg" ]

[ "Éder Gabriel Militão (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛdɛʁ ɡabɾiˈɛw miliˈtɐ̃w]; born 18 January 1998) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for the Spanish club Real Madrid and the Brazil football team. Mainly a central defender, he can also play as a right back or defensive midfielder.\nMilitão began his career at São Paulo, playing 57 matches over a span of two years before transferring to Porto. In 2019, after one season in Portugal, he joined Real Madrid for a reported transfer fee of €50 million. He won two La Liga titles, and the Champions League in 2022.\nMilitão made his senior international debut for Brazil in 2018. He was part of their squads that won the Copa América in 2019 and came runners-up in 2021.", "", "Born in Sertãozinho in the state of São Paulo, Militão began playing for São Paulo FC youth squads in 2010. He started in the first team for the 2016 Copa Paulista, and debuted on 2 July in a 2–1 loss at Ituano; the team from the state capital was playing in the tournament for its first time, with an U20 team. He played 11 matches and scored 2 goals, the first being in a 4–0 home win over CA Juventus on 18 September that ensured qualification to the second round.\nMilitão made his professional debut on 14 May 2017 in a 1–0 loss away to Cruzeiro, the opening match for the 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. He made 22 appearances over the season as the club finished in 13th place, and was sent off on 12 November towards the end of a 1–1 draw at Vasco da Gama. He contributed two goals over the campaign, starting by opening a 2–1 win at fellow strugglers Vitória on 17 September.\nMilitão made his last appearance for the club on 5 August 2018 when the Tricolor defeated Vasco 2–1 to reach first place in the year's national tournament.", "On 7 August 2018, Militão signed a five-year contract with Portuguese defending champions Porto. He made his Primeira Liga debut on 2 September, starting in a 3–0 home win over Moreirense and assisting Porto's first goal, scored by captain Héctor Herrera. Over succeeding fixtures, Militão quickly cemented himself in the starting 11 as a centre-back, forming a defensive partnership with teammate Felipe.\nOn 28 November, Militão scored his first goal for the club in a 3–1 home victory against Schalke 04 for the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League group stage, heading the ball after a cross from Óliver. On 3 January 2019, Militão scored his first league goal, the match's only at Desportivo das Aves. He was named Primeira Liga's defender of the month on four consecutive occasions from September 2018 to January 2019.", "On 14 March 2019, Real Madrid announced that they had signed Militão to a six-year contract effective 1 July 2019 after paying a €50 million transfer fee to Porto. He made his debut on 14 September, coming on as a substitute for Sergio Ramos for the last half-hour in a 3–2 home victory over Levante. He made 15 appearances during the league season as Real Madrid won the 2019–20 La Liga.\nMilitão scored his debut goal for Madrid on 20 January 2021, heading in Marcelo's cross to open a Copa del Rey last 32 match away to third-tier Alcoyano; his team unexpectedly lost, 2–1. His debut league goal came on 1 May in a 2–0 win over Osasuna.\nIn 2021–22, Militão finally became a regular after the exits of veterans Sergio Ramos and Raphaël Varane from the Madrid defence. He partnered Austrian import David Alaba, under the management of Carlo Ancelotti. He scored once in their league-winning campaign, securing a 2–2 home draw with Elche on 23 January. Days earlier, the team won the Supercopa de España with a 2–0 final win over Athletic Bilbao in Saudi Arabia, though he was sent off for giving away a penalty through handball. He made 12 appearances in their victorious Champions League campaign, including the 1–0 final win over Liverpool at the Stade de France.", "In September 2018, Militão was called-up by coach Tite for Brazil's friendlies in the United States against the hosts and El Salvador after Fagner withdrew with injury. He made his debut on 11 September against the Salvadoreans at FedExField, playing the full 90 minutes of a 5–0 win.\nIn May 2019, Militão was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2019 Copa América. In the final against Peru on 7 July, held at the Maracanã Stadium, he made a substitute appearance, coming on for Philippe Coutinho in the second half as his team won, 3–1.\nMilitão was named for the 2021 Copa América, again on home soil. He started three group games, and in the last one against Ecuador in Goiânia on 27 June, he scored his first international goal to open a 1–1 draw. In the knockout rounds, as Brazil made the final, his spot next to Marquinhos was taken by Thiago Silva.", "", "As of match played 10 August 2022\nAppearances in Copa do Brasil, Taça de Portugal, Copa del Rey and Supercopa de España.\nAppearances in Taça da Liga.\nAppearances in Campeonato Paulista\nAppearances in Copa Sudamericana\nAppearances in UEFA Champions League\nAppearance in UEFA Super Cup", "As of match played 6 June 2022\nAs of match played 27 June 2021. Brazil score listed first, score column indicates score after each Militão goal.", "Real Madrid\nLa Liga: 2019–20, 2021–22\nSupercopa de España: 2019–20, 2021–22\nUEFA Champions League: 2021–22\nUEFA Super Cup: 2022\nBrazil\nCopa América: 2019\nSuperclásico de las Américas: 2018\nIndividual\nPrimeira Liga Defender of the Month: September 2018, October/November 2018, December 2018, January 2019\nPrimeira Liga Team of the Year: 2018–19\nPrimeira Liga Player Fair-Play Prize: 2018–19", "\"Acta del Partido celebrado el 17 de agosto de 2019, en Vigo\" [Minutes of the Match held on 17 August 2019, in Vigo] (in Spanish). Royal Spanish Football Federation. Retrieved 17 August 2019.\nReal Madrid profile\nLawless, Matt. \"Liverpool join Man Utd in transfer race to sign £45million Porto ace Eder Militao\". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 30 December 2018.\n\"Com time sub-20, São Paulo estreia na Copa Paulista contra o Ituano, em Itu\" [With an under-20 team, São Paulo debuts in the Copa Paulista against Ituano, in Itu] (in Portuguese). Globo. 2 July 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2018.\n\"São Paulo 4 × 0 Juventus – Tricolor goleia e garante vaga na próxima fase\" [São Paulo 4–0 Juventus – Tricolor thrashes and guarantees progress to next phase] (in Portuguese). Futebol Interior. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2018.\n\"Polivalente, Éder Militão comemora estreia pelo São Paulo\" [Versatile Eder Militão celebrates his debut for São Paulo] (in Portuguese). ESPN Brasil. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2018.\n\"São Paulo e Vasco da Gama ficam no 1 a 1 em empate ruim para ambos\" [São Paulo and Vasco da Gama end 1–1 in a disappointing draw for both] (in Portuguese). UOL. 12 November 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2018.\n\"Em duelo contra o rebaixamento, São Paulo vence o Vitória em Salvador e respira\" [In a fight against relegation, São Paulo defeated Vitória in Salvador and breathe again] (in Portuguese). Globo. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.\nCanônico, Leandro (5 August 2018). \"Negociado com o Porto, Militão se despede; São Paulo lamenta saída precoce\" [Signed by Porto, Militão says farewell; São Paulo lament untimely exit] (in Portuguese). Globo. Retrieved 16 October 2018.\n\"Militão feliz por estar \"num clube vencedor\"\" [Militão happy to be \"in a winning club\"]. Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 7 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.\nNogueira, Carlos (2 September 2018). \"Dragões marcaram cedo e depois tiveram medo dos seus fantasmas\" [Dragons scored early and then were afraid of the ghosts of their past]. Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2018.\n\"Felipe: «Militão absorve tudo muito rápido»\" [Felipe: \"Militão absorbs everything very fast\"]. Record (in Portuguese). 26 October 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.\nTavares, Nuno (28 November 2018). \"Porto brilha e sela apuramento\" [Porto shines and seals clearance] (in Portuguese). UEFA. Retrieved 20 December 2018.\nTeles, Gonçalo (3 January 2019). \"Valeu, Militão. FC Porto isola-se ainda mais no primeiro lugar do campeonato\" [Thanks, Militão. FC Porto isolates even more in the first place of the championship] (in Portuguese). TSF. Retrieved 4 January 2019.\n\"Melhores de janeiro: João Félix e Pedro Henrique em destaque\" [Best of January: João Félix and Pedro Henrique highlighted] (in Portuguese). Liga Portugal. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2019.\n\"Official Announcement: Militão\". Real Madrid C.F. 14 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.\n\"Militao makes his debut with Real Madrid's backs against the wall\". Marca. 14 September 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.\n\"Real Madrid win the longest LaLiga Santander season\". Marca. 17 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.\n\"Real Madrid stunned by Alcoyano in Copa Del Rey - European round-up\". Sky Sports. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.\n\"Real Madrid win to keep pace in La Liga race\". ESPN. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2022.\nWinterburn, Chris (6 December 2021). \"Alaba-Militao erase the memory of Ramos-Varane in just 100 days\". Marca. Retrieved 24 May 2022.\n\"Militao rescues a point for Real Madrid at home to Elche\". Marca. 23 January 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.\n\"Eder Militao gets suspension after red card during Super Cup final\". Football España. 19 January 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.\nCarvalho, Fabrício (28 May 2022). \"Real Madrid vence Liverpool com gol de Vinícius Júnior e conquista sua 14ª Champions League\" [Real Madrid defeat Liverpool with goal by Vinícius Junior and conquer their 14th Champions League] (in Portuguese). Torcedores. Retrieved 28 May 2022.\n\"Eder Militao joins Brazil squad\". Goal.com. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.\n\"Brasil goleia El Salvador na estreia de Felipe e Éder Militão\" [Brazil thrash El Salvador on Felipe and Éder Militão's debut] (in Portuguese). Sapo. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.\n\"Brazil name Copa America squad\". Football Italia. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.\nSmyth, Rob (7 July 2019). \"Brazil 3–1 Peru\". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 July 2019.\n\"Tite define convocados da Seleção Brasileira para a Copa América 2021\" [Tite names Brazilian national team squad for the 2021 Copa América] (in Portuguese). Brazilian Football Confederation. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.\n\"Brazil 1–1 Ecuador\". BBC Sport. 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.\nAnand, Abhinav (11 July 2021). \"Copa America 2021: Team of the tournament\". Sportskeeda. Retrieved 24 May 2022.\nÉder Militão at Soccerway. Retrieved 7 August 2018.\n\"Éder Militão\". Footballdatabase. Retrieved 28 November 2018.\n\"Éder Militão\". SofaScore. Retrieved 25 April 2019.\nÉder Militão at National-Football-Teams.com\nWestwood, James (30 April 2022). \"Real Madrid clinch 35th La Liga title with four games to spare after victory over Espanyol\". Goal.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.\n\"Real Madrid win the Supercopa from the spot\". Marca. 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.\n\"Real Madrid 2–0 Eintracht Frankfurt: Five-star Madrid triumph in Helsinki\". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.\nBernardino, Augusto (5 July 2019). \"Brasil derrota Peru e conquista Copa América\" [Brazil defeats Peru and conquers the Copa America]. Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 July 2019.\n\"Melhores de setembro: Phellype e Shoya em destaque\" [Best of September: Phellype and Shoya highlighted] (in Portuguese). Liga Portugal. 19 October 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2018.\n\"Melhores de outubro e novembro: Bas Dost e Luiz Phellype em destaque\" [Best of October and November: Bas Dost and Luiz Phellype highlighted] (in Portuguese). Liga Portugal. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.\n\"Melhores de dezembro: Bruno Fernandes e Luiz Phellype em destaque\" [Best of December: Bruno Fernandes and Luiz Phellype highlighted] (in Portuguese). Liga Portugal. 9 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.\n\"FC Porto domina Onze do Ano da Primeira Liga\" [FC Porto dominates the Primeira Liga Team of the Year] (in Portuguese). SAPO. 5 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.\n\"Vencedores dos Prémios Oficiais da Liga Portugal 2018–19\" [Liga Portugal Official Awards Winners 2018–19] (in Portuguese). Liga Portugal. 5 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.", "Éder Militão at ForaDeJogo (archived) \nÉder Militão at Soccerway" ]

[ "Éder Militão", "Club career", "São Paulo", "Porto", "Real Madrid", "International career", "Career statistics", "Club", "International", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3448, 3449 ]

[ 16528, 16529, 16530, 16531, 16532, 16533, 16534, 16535, 16536, 16537, 16538, 16539, 16540, 16541, 16542, 16543, 16544, 16545, 16546, 16547, 16548, 16549, 16550, 16551, 16552, 16553, 16554, 16555 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Edgard_Alvarez_28.JPG" ]

[ "Édgar or Edgard Anthony Álvarez Reyes (born 9 January 1980 in Puerto Cortés) is a Honduran former soccer player who last played for Platense in the Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Honduras.\nHe could play anywhere on the right flank.", "", "Nicknamed El Mosky or El Jet Álvarez (The Jet Alvarez), he was linked to the Uruguayan club when he was 24. Uruguayan Peñarol was champion in 2003 after winning the Clausura finals against Nacional and hand coach Diego Aguirre. In that team unquestioned right side Honduran Edgar Alvarez was, who had come to the club after playing seven seasons at Deportivo Platense in his country. The player was considered by Diego Aguirre as important in his scheme.", "After a successful loan period, A.S. Roma paid €1.5 million to Peñarol, but immediately loaned him to Messina and granted the club an option to buy him for €1.9 million. He signed a 5-year contract.\nAfter spending the 2006–07 season at Messina Álvarez returned to Roma. At the summer transfer period AS Roma bought Mauro Esposito and Álvarez decided to leave Roma for Livorno, who maintained an option to buy him for €2 million. He left Roma due to the surplus of right midfielders.\nAfter spending the 2007–08 season at Livorno, Alvarez returned to Roma, and spent a full pre-season with the club, But he was loaned for the 2008–09 season to Pisa on 1 September 2008.", "In 2009, he moved to Bari, on a permanent basis. The first year with the pugliesi turned out well. Under the guidance of Giampiero Ventura Álvarez became one of the best wings in Serie A. The second year did not turn out as well though and the club finished the season in last, moving to Serie B. Over two years Álvarez played in 65 league games, scoring 4 goals.", "On 31 August 2011 Álvarez moved to Palermo as the player agreed to a two-year contract with the club.", "In July 2012, he moved to Liga I side Dinamo București and later signed a one-year contract with the Romanian side. He played only five games for Dinamo, his evolution being marred by his injuries. His contract was ended by mutual consent in December 2012.", "Álvarez is known for his searing pace and acceleration, both on and off the ball. He is also very agile, making him very difficult for defenders to mark.", "Álvarez played at the 1999 World Youth Cup and made his senior debut for Honduras in a 2001 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Panama, coming on as a second-half substitute for Mauricio Sabillón. As of July 2012, has earned 51 caps, scoring 3 goals. He has represented his country in 10 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 2001 and 2003 UNCAF Nations Cups as well as at the 2003 and 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cups. But most importantly, he was part of the 2010 FIFA World Cup squad and played in two matches.", "", "", "Peñarol\nUruguayan Primera División (1): 2003\nC.D. Platense\nLiga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras (1): 2000–01\nHonduran Cup (2): 1996, 1997", "Honduras propina histórico revés a México \n\"En Honduras dicen que Edgar Alvarez regresa a Peñarol\". 22 December 2013.\n\"Edgar Álvarez con pasajes de vuelta\".\n\"Edgar Alvarez se quedará en Peñarol\". 2 July 2004.\n\"operazioni di mercato realizzate al 31 agosto 2007\" (PDF) (in Italian). AS Roma. 31 August 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2013.\nAlvarez signed with Dinamo\nÉdgar Álvarez – FIFA competition record (archived) and\nQualifying Tournament for Gold Cup 2001 – Details – RSSSF\nQualifying Tournament for Gold Cup 2003 – Details – RSSSF\nCONCACAF Championship, Gold Cup 2003 – Full Details – RSSSF\nCONCACAF Championship, Gold Cup 2007 – Full Details – RSSSF\n\"Peñarol campeón\".", "Édgar Álvarez at Soccerway\nÉdgar Álvarez at National-Football-Teams.com" ]

[ "Édgar Álvarez", "Club career", "Club Atlético Peñarol", "A.S. Roma", "F.C. Bari 1908", "U.S. Città di Palermo", "FC Dinamo București", "Playing style", "International career", "International goals", "Honours and awards", "Club", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3450 ]

[ 16556, 16557, 16558, 16559, 16560, 16561, 16562, 16563 ]

[ "Andrade playing for Chiapas" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Edgar_Andrade.jpg" ]

[ "Edgar Bismarck Andrade Rentería (born 2 March 1988) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He made his debut in Cruz Azul on January 28, 2006 in a game against Atlas which resulted in a draw. He was on the Mexico national football under-17 team that won the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship. While playing for Cruz Azul he broke his ankle while attempting to recover a ball for his team, in a 2007 match against Estudiantes Tecos UAG. After many months of recovery, he returned to the field in 2007.", "", "Morelia\nCopa MX: Apertura 2013\nVeracruz\nCopa MX: Clausura 2016\nMexico U17\nFIFA U-17 World Championship: 2005", "Edgar Andrade at Official Liga MX Profile\nÉdgar Andrade – Liga MX stats at MedioTiempo.com (in Spanish)" ]

[ "Édgar Andrade", "International Caps", "Honours", "External links" ]

[ 3451 ]

[ 16564 ]

[ "Édgar Barreto" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Edgar_Barreto.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Osvaldo Barreto Cáceres (born 15 July 1984) is a Paraguayan former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.\nAfter starting his career with Cerro Porteño in his homeland and NEC in the Dutch Eredivisie, Barreto spent the vast majority of his career in Italy's Serie A. He made over 260 appearances in the competition, in service of Reggina, Atalanta, Palermo and Sampdoria, and retiring in 2022 after two seasons back in the Netherlands at NEC.\nBarreto earned 60 caps for the Paraguay national team from 2004 to 2011. After winning a silver medal at the 2004 Olympics, he played for the country at three Copa América tournaments and two FIFA World Cups, finishing as runner-up in the 2011 Copa América.", "Barreto started his career with Paraguayan club Cerro Porteño, debuting in the 2002 season. The following year he made his debut in the Copa Libertadores.\nin January 2004, he signed with Eredivisie club NEC Nijmegen.\nIn the summer of 2007, Barreto agreed to a four-year contract with Reggina Calcio. He played an integral part in keeping Reggina in Serie A at the end of the 2007–08 season, earning a reputation for scoring long range goals. In summer 2009, after Reggina moved to Serie B, he was sold to Atalanta Bergamo.\nAt Atalanta, Barreto missed most of his first season through injury, only returning in the last days of the season and not being able to avoid the relegation of his club in Serie B. His excellent performances in Serie B afforded the interest Napoli during the January market. He contributed to the promotion of the Bergamaschi to Serie A in the 2010–11 season, at the end of which he was voted into \"Top 11 Serie B\" players team by Italian journalists.\nOn 31 August 2011, Barreto moved to Palermo on a four-year contract while a transfer fee of €5.3 million was paid to Atalanta.\nOn 1 July 2015, Barreto signed a contract with U.C. Sampdoria.\nDuring an interview in July 2017, Barreto affirmed that he would not return to Paraguayan football due to family reasons, although he recognized that his time at Cerro Porteño was fundamental for his career.\nIn May 2020 he agreed the termination of his contract with Sampdoria.", "Upon Barreto's contract termination with Sampadoria, NEC's fans had dreamed and expressed his return.\nBarreto actually owned a house and three apartments that he leased in the city of Nijmegen, which was also a destination venue for his family during vacations and, on more than one occasion, Barreto manifested his wish to return to the club. NEC's fans had placed a banner at the entry of the club's stadium asking Barreto to return as NEC's general manager, Wilco van Schaik, lifted the fan's hopes of Barreto returning to the club. Van Schaik had told Dutch magazine Voetbal International that Barreto was an important player in NEC and still held a lot of weight in the city, with the club expressing interest in the player since the month of May.\nOn 15 July 2020, on his 36th birthday and after 13 years in Italian football, Barreto returned to his first European club NEC in the Dutch second tier. Barreto signed a season-long contract with the option of extending for another season.\nIn August 2020, Barreto played his first match of the season in a 2–0 defeat to Cambuur.\nOn 15 May 2022, he announced his retirement from football, while stating his desire to start a managerial career.", "Barreto debuted for the Paraguay national football team in a 1–0 win over Costa Rica on 8 June at the 2004 Copa América. He played all four games as his team reached the quarter-finals. Weeks later, he was part of their squad that took home a silver medal at the 2004 Olympics in Greece. On 4 August, before the Summer Olympics began, he played in a preparation game against the Portugal of Cristiano Ronaldo in the city of Algarve, resulting in a 5–0 defeat.\nOn 17 August 2005, Barreto scored his first international goal to open a 3–0 friendly win over El Salvador in Ciudad del Este. Coach Anibal Ruiz called him up for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany.\nAt the 2007 Copa América in Venezuela, Barreto again played all four matches of a quarter-final finish. He scored to open a 3–1 win over the United States in the group stage. At the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, he came on in the 75th minute against Japan in the last 16 and scored the first attempt in the penalty shootout, as Paraguay advanced to the next round for the first time.\nBarreto was also in Gerardo Martino's squad that came runners-up to the hosts at the 2011 Copa América in Uruguay. Again on as a substitute in the quarter-finals against holders Brazil, he took the first penalty after another goalless draw, sending it wide in an eventual triumph.\nOn 5 August 2012, Barreto announced his international retirement for the Albirroja. He said that he could no longer combine the long journeys with competing in Serie A.", "Barreto is the younger brother of goalkeeper Diego Barreto, who was his international teammate.", "", "Appearances in Eredivisie play-offs for UI-Cup\nAppearances in Eerste Divisie play-offs for promotion", "", "Paraguay U23\nSilver Medal at the Summer Olympics: 2004 Athens", "\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.\n\"UFFICIALE: Barreto alla Reggina\" [OFFICIAL: Barreto to Reggina] (in Italian). tuttomercatoweb.net. 19 July 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2007.\n\"Edgar Barreto in nerazzurro\" [Edgar Barreto in nerazzurro] (in Italian). atalanta.it. 11 July 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2009.\n\"Barreto, la scheda\" [Barreto, the profile] (in Italian). tuttoatalanta.com. 20 July 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2010.\nBonzanni, Luca (24 May 2011). \"Top 11 Serie B - Stasera a Rimini le premiazioni, tra i presenti anche il Direttore Lorenzo Casalino\" (in Italian). Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n\"Tre acquisti per i rosanero\" [Three purchases for Palermo] (in Italian). palermocalcio.it. 31 August 2011. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2011.\n\"Un Palermo che investe\" [Investing to Palermo] (in Italian). palermocalcio.it. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2011.\n\"Official: Sampdoria sign Barreto\". football-italia.net. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2016.\n\"Barreto sobre su renuncia a la Albirroja: \"No me arrepiento\"\". Resumen de Noticias (in Spanish). 25 July 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2018.\nvan den Broek, Danny (15 July 2020). \"NEC sluit eindelijk Edgar Barreto weer in de armen\". de Gelderlander (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 July 2020.\n\"El mensaje de los hinchas del NEC de Holanda para Édgar Barreto\". 13 July 2020.\n\"Piden la vuelta de Édgar Barreto\".\n\"\"Cuando se trata de Édgar, el NEC siempre entra en juego\" - Fútbol - ABC Color\".\n\"Édgar Barreto, envuelto entre tulipanes en Holanda\".\n\"Oficial: Édgar Barreto, presentado en su nuevo club\".\n\"Tigo Sports Paraguay\".\nhttp://www.m.d10.ultimahora.com/edgar-barreto-pierde-su-regreso-al-nec-n2902372.html/amp\n\"Édgar Barreto jugó su último partido como profesional y fue despedido a lo grande\" (in European Spanish). Versus. 15 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.\n\"Sampdoria, Barreto: «A Genova anni stupendi, non escludo il ritorno»\" (in Italian). CalcioNews24.com. 15 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.\n\"Édgar Barreto renuncia a la selección paraguaya\". ABC Color (in Spanish). 2 August 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2018.\n\"Atenas 2004: La cumbre del deporte paraguayo\" [Athens 2004: The peak of Paraguayan sport] (in Spanish). D10. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.\n\"Portugal Sub 23 vs Paraguay Sub 23 - Amistosos Selecciones Sub 23 2004: Toda la info, alineaciones y eventos\".\n\"South America enjoys feast of friendlies\". FIFA. 18 August 2005. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.\n\"Paraguay pick squad for Germany\". BBC Sport. 15 May 2006. Retrieved 20 April 2020.\n\"Paraguay 3–1 EEUU\" [Paraguay 3–1 US]. El Mundo (in Spanish). 2 July 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2020.\nMurray, Scott (29 June 2010). \"World Cup 2010: Paraguay v Japan - as it happened\". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 April 2020.\nSteinberg, Jacob (17 July 2011). \"Brazil v Paraguay - as it happened\". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 April 2020.\n\"World Cup Trivia - Fathers, Sons and Brothers, Uncles and Nephews\". RSSSF. 2 October 2014. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015.\n\"Edgar Barreto » Club matches\". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 17 December 2017.\nÉdgar Barreto at National-Football-Teams.com", "Edgar Oswaldo Barreto at BDFA (in Spanish)\nÉdgar Barreto – FIFA competition record (archived)\nÉdgar Barreto at National-Football-Teams.com" ]

[ "Édgar Barreto", "Club career", "Return to NEC", "International career", "Personal life", "Career statistics", "Club", "International", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3452 ]

[ 16565, 16566, 16567, 16568, 16569, 16570, 16571, 16572, 16573, 16574, 16575, 16576, 16577, 16578, 16579, 16580, 16581, 16582, 16583 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Edgar_Benitez.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Milciades Benítez Santander ([ˈeðɣaɾ βeˈnites]; born 8 November 1987), nicknamed Pájaro (bird), is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Alianza Lima. He also holds Mexican citizenship. A Paraguayan international on 56 occasions since 2008, he represented for his country FIFA World Cup 2010 and two Copa América tournaments. In 2006, he won the Milk Cup with Paraguay's under-20 team.", "", "Benítez started his career in Club 12 de Octubre of Itaugua before moving to Libertad in 2005, where he won the Paraguayan 1st division tournament although he mostly played as a substitute. In 2008, he was signed by Sol de América and quickly established himself in the club, being one of the team's top goalscorers.\nOn 1 December 2008, it was announced that Benítez will play in the Mexican League for Pachuca CF. He made his debut with C.F. Pachuca on 2 January in the Interliga 2009, scoring his first goal with the club in the 4–0 win over Tecos UAG. He would end the tournament as the top goalscorer with 4 goals in 4 games, helping Pachuca obtain a spot in the qualifying round for the Copa Libertadores 2009.\nSince 2009 he wasn't considered as a starter for Pachuca. He is mainly used as a substitute for every match. He has participated constantly in Pachuca's matches in Bicentenario 2010. On 20 February 2010 he started a match against Chiapas. He scored twice in this game and Pachuca secured a 2–2. In June, 2015, Queretaro announced that Benítez would play for them for the upcoming season.", "In the 2006 Milk Cup, he scored in the 60th minute in a 2–0 victory over the USA.\nHe played first international match in 2008. Due to his good performances with Sol de América he was called for the Paraguay national football team and had a good debut, playing in his first 2010 World Cup qualification match against Peru in which Paraguay won 1–0.\nHe was included in Paraguay's squad for the 2015 Copa América, scoring the only goal of a 1–0 win against Jamaica in the team's second group match on 16 June 2015.\nHe scored the second goal for Paraguay in a 2–2 draw against Brazil for the nation's campaign to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.", "", "Libertad\nParaguayan Primera División: 2006, 2007\nPachuca\nCONCACAF Champions League: 2009–10\nCerro Porteño\nParaguayan Primera División: 2012 Apertura\nQuerétaro\nCopa MX: Apertura 2016\nSupercopa MX: 2017", "\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2015.\n\"Milk Cup (Northern Ireland)\".\nStats from Paraguayan 1st division\nEl Tuzo se alzó en un partido vibrante frente al Atlas\nBenítez conmigo (in Spanish)\n\"Paraguay 1-0 Jamaica\". BBC. 15 June 2015.", "Édgar Benítez at BDFA (in Spanish)\nÉdgar Benítez at National-Football-Teams.com\nÉdgar Benítez – Liga MX stats at MedioTiempo.com (in Spanish)\nÉdgar Benítez at Soccerway" ]

[ "Édgar Benítez", "Career", "Club", "National team", "International goals", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3453 ]

[ 16584, 16585, 16586, 16587, 16588, 16589 ]

[ "School of Architecture", "" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Escuela_de_Arquitectura%2C_Universidad_de_Costa_Rica.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Architect.png" ]

[ "Édgar Brenes is a Costa Rican architect and professor at the University of Costa Rica School of Architecture.", "Vega, Eugenio Rodríguez (2004). Costa Rica en el siglo 20 (in Spanish). EUNED. pp. 296–. ISBN 978-9968-31-382-7. Retrieved 25 September 2011.\nThis article was initially translated from the Spanish Wikipedia." ]

[ "Édgar Brenes", "References" ]

[ 3454, 3455 ]

[ 16590 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Edgar_Crespo.jpg" ]

[ "Edgar Roberto Crespo Echeverría (born 11 May 1989 in Panama City, Panama) is a Panamanian swimmer, who has been representing Panama in swimming competitions around the world.", "Edgar Crespo was a top swimmer at the college level. He received a scholarship as student/athlete to Texas Christian University. While he was in college he competed in events for both the university and his country. He graduated with a Bachelor of Business Administration (International Marketing and Entrepreneurship Management).", "During this season he stopped competing in college level swim meets in order to focus on his studies but did represent his county in meets from August 2008 to July 2009.", "This season was his first year as an official swimmer at Texas Christian University (TCU). During the season, Crespo did not lose any of his individual races (14 - 0) in the 100 and 200 yards breaststroke. He went undefeated against the universities of Utah, BYU, Air Force, UCSD, and UNLV. He won two (2) TCU Weekly Award (Prix Week TCU) on 23 October 2009 and 12 January 2010 for his performances during competitions with the team. Also on 10 November 2009 and 9 February 2010, Crespo was recognized as Best Swimmer of the Week of the Mountain West Conference (MWC) for his performance. On 6 February 2010, Crespo broke the 100 yards breaststroke record of the All-American, Jason Flint (who set a time of 55.24 in 1996) at the TCU vs. UNLV swim meet, held at the TCU Recreation Center. Crespo's new record time was 55.01. On 26 February 2010, Crespo became Champion of the Mountain West Conference (MWC Championship) in the 100 yards breaststroke (53.32), setting a record for TCU. This gold medal represented the seventh (7th) medal won by an athlete in swimming since TCU joined the Mountain West Conference (MWC) in the 2005–2006 season. He competed in the 4 x 50 yards and 4 × 100 yards medleys, TCU finished second in both races. He also competed in the 200 yards breaststroke finishing seventh in the finals of that event, and sixth in the 100 yards butterfly. On 1 March 2010, he received a mentioned as an All-MWC from the Mountain West Conference (MWC) in the 100 butterfly and 100 yards breaststroke. With his time of 53.32 in the 100-yard breaststroke, Crespo was selected to participate and represent Texas Christian University at the 2010 NCAA National Championships (2010 NCAA Championship) in Columbus, Ohio. He became only the second TCU athlete since 1997 to participate in the National Championships. In this championship, Crespo placed 27th in the United States in the 100 yards breaststroke.", "During this season, he focused more on the 100 and 200 yards breaststroke. Crespo had a record of nine won and one lost. He led the swim team of Texas Christian University (TCU) in won races (9 individually). On 11 January 2011, Crespo was named TCU Athlete of the Week for his performance (he won the 100 and 200 yards breaststroke) in a competition against UNLV in Las Vegas. On 25 February 2011, he placed second in the Mountain West Conference Championship with a time of 53.35 in the 100 yards breaststroke. He helped TCU finish second in the 4 x 50 yards and 4×100 yards medleys. He also competed in the 200 yards breaststroke, finishing fourth place with a time of 1:58.60, breaking the record of Jason Flint (1:59.45) which was set in 1996. On 1 March 2011, he was recognized by the Mountain West Conference as an All-MWC in the 100 yards and 200 yards breaststroke as well as in the 4×50 yards and 4×100 yards medleys. On 10 March 2011, Crespo was selected, for the second time, to participate and represent Texas Christian University at the 2011 NCAA National Swimming Championships in Minnesota, Minneapolis. At this championship, Crespo placed 20th in the 100-yard breaststroke (with a time of 53.50) and 30th in the 200 yards breaststroke (with a time of 1:57.91 - breaking his own record set during Mountain West Conference Championship) in the United States.", "This season was his last one as swimmer for Texas Christian University. During this season, Crespo did not lose any of his individual races in 100 and 200 yards breaststroke. He went undefeated against universities such as Notre Dame, Michigan, Wyoming, SMU, and UCSD. He achieved two TCU Athlete of the Week awards on 19 October 2011 and 25 January 2012 for his performances during competitions with the team. Also on 1 February 2012, Crespo was recognized by TCU as Scholar-Athlete (student-athlete) of January at Texas Christian University. This award was given for his performance in school and in his sport. 15 February 2012, was Crespo's last meet as an athlete of Texas Christian University in the Conference USA Championship. He achieved first place in the 100 yards breaststroke, breaking his record of 53.26 that was established in 2010. He also won the 200 yards breaststroke, beating his own record of 1:56.30 that was established in 2011. Crespo also achieved silver medals in the 4 x 50 and 4×100 yards medleys (both in new TCU record). He also won a bronze medal in the 200-yard individual medley with a time of 1:50.06. Edgar Crespo was selected as Swimmer of the Meet at C-USA (Swimmer Conference USA Championship) for his performance during the event.", "", "", "Aged 16, Crespo took part in the 2006 FINA Youth World Swimming Championships held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He won a bronze medal, the first medal every won by Panama at the Youth World Swimming Championships.\n Bronze medal: 50 m breaststroke", "Crespo has participated in different regional games, such as: Bolivarian Games, Central American Games, Central American and Caribbean Games, South American Games and Pan American Games.", "Crespo represented Panama in four (4) consecutive Bolivarian Games, winning two gold, three silver medals and one bronze medal. He broke the Bolivarian record in the 50 m breaststroke at two different Bolivarian Games.", "He place 6th in the 100 m breaststroke and 7th in the 100 m butterfly during the 2005 Bolivarian Games which were held in Pereira, Colombia.", "At the 2009 Bolivarian Games, Crespo was the bearer of the delegation that represented Panama.\nDuring these Bolivarian Games held in Sucre, Bolivia, Crespo won 2 medals: 1 gold medal in the 50 m breaststroke and 1 silver medal in the 100 m breaststroke . Also, he placed 6th in the 200 m breaststroke. During the competition, he broke a record in the 50 m breaststroke.\n Gold Medal: 50 m breaststroke (Bolivarian Games Record)\n Silver Medal: 100 m breaststroke", "Again, Crespo was bearer of the delegation that represented Panama during the 2013 Bolivarian Games held in Trujillo, Peru.\nCrespo won 3 medals: 1 gold medal in the 50 m breaststroke and 2 silver medals in the 100 m and 200 m breaststroke. During the competition, he broke his own record in the 50 m breaststroke which he set in the last Bolivarian Games.\n Gold medal: 50 m breaststroke (Bolivarian Games Record)\n Silver medal : 100 m breaststroke\n Silver medal : 200 m breaststroke", "For the fourth time in a row, Crespo represented Panama in the Bolivarian Games.\nIn this event held in Santa Marta, Colombia, he earned 1 bronze medal in the 100m Breaststroke and a 5th place in the 200m Breaststroke.\n Bronze Medal: 100 m breaststroke", "Crespo has participated in four (4) different editions of the Central American Games. He has won multiple medals in different events: 14 gold medals and 5 silver medals, a total of 19 medals in 3 different Central American Games. Since his first appearance at the age of 16 years, he has been undefeated in the 50 m, 100 m and 200 m breaststroke.", "2006 was the first time he participated in the Central American Games held in Panama City, Panama. Crespo won 5 medals: 1 gold and 4 silver medals.\n Gold Medal: 100 m breaststroke\n Silver Medal: 100 m butterfly\n Silver Medal: 100 m freestyle\n Silver Medal: 4 × 100 m freestyle relay\n Silver Medal: 4 × 100 m medley relay", "In 2010, Crespo participated in his second Central American Games held in Panama City, Panama. Crespo took part in 8 different events, winning 7 gold medals and 1 silver medal. He broke multiple records during this competition, including the 50 m and 100 m breaststroke, the 50 m and 100 m butterfly, and the 4 × 100 m medley relay.\n Gold Medal: 50 m breaststroke (Central American Games Record)\n Gold Medal: 100 m breaststroke (Central American Games Record)\n Gold Medal: 200 m breaststroke\n Gold Medal: 50 m butterfly (Central American Games Record)\n Gold Medal: 100 m butterfly\n Gold Medal: 4 × 100 m freestyle relay\n Gold Medal: 4 × 100 m medley relay (Central American Games Record)\n Silver Medal: 4 × 200 m freestyle relay", "In his third appearance at the Central American Games held in San Jose, Costa Rica, Crespo won 6 gold medals. He broke several Central American records: 50 m, 100 m and 200 m breaststroke, and 200 m individual medley. He was appointed as the King of the 2013 Central American Games because he was the athlete with most medals won individually among all participants.\n Gold Medal: 50 m breaststroke (Central American Games Record)\n Gold Medal: 100 m breaststroke (Central American Games Record)\n Gold Medal: 200 m breaststroke (Central American Games Record)\n Gold Medal 200 m individual medley (Central American Games Record)\n Gold Medal: 4 × 100 m freestyle relay\n Gold Medal: 4 × 100 m medley relay", "In his fourth appearance at the Central American Games held in Managua, Nicaragua, Crespo won 6 medals: 4 gold medals and 2 bronze medals. Also, he could broke two records of the event.\n Gold Medal: 50 m breaststroke (Central American Games Record)\n Gold Medal: 100 m breaststroke\n Gold Medal: 200 m breaststroke\n Gold Medal 4 × 100 m medley relay (Central American Games Record)\n Bronze medal: 50 m butterfly\n Bronze medal: 100 m butterfly", "Crespo participated in four (4) editions of the Central American and Caribbean Games and won three gold medals, two silver medal and two bronze medal.", "In 2006, Crespo participated in his first Central American and Caribbean Games held in Cartagena, Colombia. He won a 1 bronze medal in the 50 m breaststroke and placed 4th in the 100 m breaststroke. Crespo achieved a great accomplishment during this Games, winning Panama's first medal since 1990.\n Bronze Medal: 50 m breaststroke", "During the edition of the Central American and Caribbean Games held in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, Crespo achieved three medals: 2 gold medals, and 1 silver medal. He broke records in the 50 m and 100 m breaststroke. Crespo was also the athlete with the most medals for Panama at the Central American and Caribbean Games Mayagüez 2010.\nHis performance in the twenty-first edition of Central American and Caribbean Games lead him to be identified as the seventy-second athlete with the most medals among all participants of the event, with a total of 3 medals.\n Gold Medal: 50 m breaststroke (Record Central American and Caribbean Games)\n Gold Medal: 100 m breaststroke (Record Central American and Caribbean Games)\n Silver Medal: 200 m breaststroke", "During the edition of the Central American and Caribbean Games held in Veracruz, Mexico, Crespo achieved two medals: 1 silver medal, and 1 bronze medal. During the first day of competition, Crespo won the bronze medal in the 100m breaststroke. Crespo then swam the 50m breaststroke, breaking his own record from the 2010 Games in the preliminary round. During the final of the 50m breaststroke, he made a mistake, putting him into second place.\n Silver Medal: 50 m breaststroke (Record Central American and Caribbean Games in Preliminary Round)\n Bronze Medal: 100 m breaststroke", "During the edition of the Central American and Caribbean Games held in Barranquilla, Colombia, Crespo achieved one gold medals and the Central American and Caribbean Games Record in the 50m breaststroke. Also, Crespo placed sixth in the 100 m breaststroke.\n Gold Medal: 50 m breaststroke (Record Central American and Caribbean Games)", "Crespo participated in three (3) editions of the South American Games (ODESUR). He won two medals: one silver in 2006 edition, and one bronze in the 2014 edition", "At just 16 years, Crespo participated in his first South American Games (ODESUR) held in Buenos Aires, Argentina winning a silver medal in the 50 m breaststroke.\n Silver Medal: 50 m breaststroke", "Crespo returned to the South American Games after 8 years. He won the bronze medal in the 100 m breaststroke\n Bronze Medal: 100 m breaststroke", "Crespo returned to the South American Games in Cochabamba 2018. He placed fourth in the 100 m breaststroke and fifth in the 200 m breaststroke.", "Crespo has represented Panama in (4) four consecutives Pan American Games.", "Crespo participated in his first Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil at the age of 18. He placed 13th in the 100 m breaststroke and 12th in the 200 m breaststroke.", "Crespo returned to compete in the 2011 Pan American Games, which this time was held in Guadalajara, Mexico. Again, he competed in the 100 m breaststroke and 200 m breaststroke. In the 100 m breaststroke, Crespo placed 5th place in the Americas. In the 200 m breaststroke, he placed 9th.", "Edgar Crespo returned to compete in the 2015 Pan American Games, held in Toronto, Canada. He was chosen as the flag barrier of the delegation by the Panama Olympic Committee. This edition of the PanAm Games, he just competed in the 100m breaststroke. Crespo placed 8th in the final of this event. After this competition, many newspapers in Panama criticized his performance. However, the Panamanian singer, Rubén Blades, praised him on his official Facebook page and criticized the negative responses of different newspapers in Panama. Hours later, Crespo replied to Rubén Blades, via his social media accounts.", "Crespo returned to compete in the 2019 Pan American Games, which this time was held in Lima, Peru. Again, he competed in the 100 m breaststroke and 200 m breaststroke. In the 100 m breaststroke, Crespo placed 11th place (3rd in the final B - final do not receive medal) in the Americas for the 100 m breaststroke and 13th (5th in the final B - final do not receive medal) in the 200m breaststroke.", "Crespo has competed and represented Panama in three (3) consecutive Summer Olympic Games:", "Edgar Crespo participated in his first 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, China. He qualified at 19 years old as a wild card and competed in the 100 m breaststroke. He participated in the 3rd heat, which he won, becoming the second Panamanian to accomplish this. However he did not qualify for the semi-finals and placed 53rd overall.", "At 24 years old, Crespo represented Panama in his second Summer Olympic Games, held in London, England. Just like in the last Olympics, Crespo experienced qualifying problems. During the World Swimming Championships 2011 held in Shanghai, China, Crespo achieved the B standard time in the 100 m breaststroke. Also during the Indy Grand Prix swimming competition held in Indianapolis, United States, Crespo got the B standard time in the 200 m breaststroke. Approaching the starting date of the 2012 Summer Olympics, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) did not send the invitations to Panama since the Panamanian Federation Swimming (FPN) decided not to use the wild card that allowed the two athletes per country: male and female, to compete regardless if they achieved or did not achieve the A standard times. The Panamanian Federation preferred to go by B standard invitation. This news became sport controversy in Panama because other countries had athletes with B standard times and those countries secured their participation in the games with the wild card. After several weeks of waiting and 2 weeks before the start of the games in London, the Panama Olympic Committee (COP) received the wild card for Crespo to compete in the 100 m breaststroke. He competed in London 2012 in the 4th heat of the 100 m breaststroke and placed 35th in the overall ranking.", "For the third time in a row, at 27, Edgar Crespo represented Panama in the Summer Olympic Games, this time in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Crespo achieved the B time in the 100 meters breaststroke at the Stockholm Swim Open, a competition held in Sweden in March 2016. This B time kept Crespo in the World Ranking to be invited by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) and qualify for Rio 2016.\nOn 6 August, Edgar Crespo competed the 100 meters breaststroke in the 2nd heat finishing in 41st place overall.", "\"Carrera Deportiva en la Universidad\". Teamedgarcrespo.wordpress.com. 18 April 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"GOFROGS.COM - Edgar Crespo Bio - TCU Horned Frogs Official Athletic Site\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Crespo and Duncan Earned TCU Weekly Award\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Carter and Crespo Earn TCU Weekly Awards\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Callens and Crespo Receive MWC Weekly Honors\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Crespo Receives Another MWC Weekly Award\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"CHAMPIONS! TCU Men Defeat No. 22 UNLV, 177-117\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Crespo Claims MWC Gold Medal in 100-Breaststroke\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Crespo Competes at 2010 NCAA Championships\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Crespo Finishes Day One at NCAA Championship\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Denti, Sundaram, Crespo Named Athletes of the Week\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Beard and Crespo Tabbed as TCU Athletes of the Week\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Scherer and Crespo Pegged Scholar-Athletes for January\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Crespo Named Swimmer of the Meet at C-USA Invitational\". Gofrogs.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Baño dorado de Crespo\". Prensa.com. 19 November 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2015.\n\"Perfil de Atletas Panameños\". Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.\n\"Crespo será abanderado hoy viernes | 2009-10-30 | Noticias La Estrella Online Panama\". Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2015.\n\"Resultados por Prueba : XVI Juegos Bolivarianos Sucre 2009\" (PDF). Fecna.com. Retrieved 16 August 2015.\nNadador Edgar Crespo, abanderado de Panamá para Bolivarianos de Perú | Deportes-Ultima Hora | La Prensa Panamá. Prensa.com (18 October 2013). Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\n\"Edgar Crespo consigue su tercera medalla en los Juegos Bolivarianos\". Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.\nAlfaro, Julio (18 November 2013) XVII Juegos Bolivarianos. Edgar Crespo rompe récord y gana oro en 50 metros de nado. La Estrella\n| Agencia EFE | Agencia EFE. Efe.com (8 November 2017). Retrieved on 23 November 2017.\n| Telemetro.com | Telemetro Panamá. Telemetro.com (20 November 2017). Retrieved on 23 November 2017.\n| Metro Libre | Metro Libre Panamá. Metrolibre.com (22 November 2017). Retrieved on 23 November 2017.\n\"Noqueado el fútbol masculino en los Juegos Centroamericanos\". Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.\nX Juegos Cent roamericanos San José 2013 – 12/03/2013 to 17/03/2013. fecona.co.cr\nPanameĂąo Crespo logra seis medallas de oro, el rey de la nataciĂłn en Juegos | Deportes-Ultima Hora | La Prensa PanamĂĄ. Prensa.com (17 March 2013). Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\nLa Estrella de Panama. la estrella.com.pa (12 December 2017). Retrieved on 30 July 2018.\nXX Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe Cartagena 2006. Granma.cu. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\nCRITICA EN LINEA: record centroamericano y medalla dorada para edgar crespo. Portal.critica.com.pa. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\nQuelne, Roberto E. (22 July 2010) Crespo vuelve a sacar la cara por Panamá con una medalla de plata. La Estrella\nMulti Medallistas. mayaguez2010.com\n\"Edgar Crespo gana medalla de bronce para Panamá en los Juegos Centroa…\". Cableondasports.com. 24 November 2014. Archived from the original on 24 November 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Crespo rompe su marca y se mete en la final por los 50 metros pecho\". Laestrella.com.pa. Retrieved 16 August 2015.\n\"Edgar Crespo consigue cuarta medalla para Panamá, en Veracruz 2014 - …\". Cableondasports.com. 24 November 2014. Archived from the original on 24 November 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2017. Prensa.com\n. tvmax-9.com\nColombia, en la élite suramericana. El Mundo. 30 November 2006\nEdgar Crespo, medalla de bronce en los Juegos Suramericanos. Rpctv.com (7 March 2014). Retrieved on 24 May 2014. cochabamba2018.bo (27 May 2018). Retrieved on 30 July 2018. cochabamba2018.bo (30 May 2018). Retrieved on 30 July 2018.\nEdgar Crespo compite hoy :: prensa.com :: 2007. Mensual.prensa.com. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\nNatación – Edgar Roberto Crespo (Panamá) : todos los resultados de la temporada. Los-deportes.info. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\n\"Edgar Crespo será el abanderado panameño en los Panamericanos\". Rpctv.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.\n\"Juegos Panamericanos 2015: El mensaje de Rubén Blades a Edgar Crespo\". Peru.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017.\n\"Edgar Crespo, tercero en la Final B de 100 metros pecho de natación en Panamericanos\". TVN (in Spanish).\n\"Mañana intensa para los panameños en la natación de Lima 2019\". TVN (in Spanish).\nEdgar Crespo irá a Beijing 2008 – prensa.com – 2008 Archived 27 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Mensual.prensa.com. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\n100m breaststroke men. Olympic.org. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\nEdgar Crespo se clasifica a Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012 | Deportes-Ultima Hora | La Prensa Panamá. Prensa.com (24 July 2011). Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\nLondres 2012 le sonríe dos veces a Crespo Archived 29 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Diaadia.com.pa. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\n\"EDGAR CRESPO Y DIEGO CASTILLO EN VILO: Se defiende | http://www.fairplaypanama.net\". Fairplaypanama.net. 26 June 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2015. \nFINA no nos invita a la fiesta Archived 29 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Diaadia.com.pa. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\nLa natación panameña aún guarda esperanza Archived 28 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Critica.com.pa. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\nConfirmado: Edgar Crespo estará en Londres 2012. Telemetro.com. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.\n100m breaststroke men. Olympic.org. Retrieved on 24 May 2014. Prensa Panamá. 1 Abril 2016\n. FINA. 12 July 2016\n. FINA. 12 July 2016\n. Olympic.org. 6 August 2016\n. RPCTV. 6 August 2016", "Teamedgarcrespo.com\nCopanama.com" ]

[ "Édgar Crespo", "Studies at Texas Christian University", "Season 2008–2009", "Season 2009–2010", "Season 2010–2011", "Season 2011–2012", "Competitions", "World Swimming Championships", "2006 FINA Youth World Swimming Championships", "Regional Games", "Bolivarian Games", "2005 Bolivarian Games", "2009 Bolivarian Games", "2013 Bolivarian Games", "2017 Bolivarian Games", "Central American Games", "2006 Central American Games Panama 2006", "2010 Central American Games Panama 2010", "2013 Central American Sports Games San Jose 2013", "2017 Central American Sports Games Managua 2017", "Central American and Caribbean Games", "Central American and Caribbean Games Cartagena de Indias 2006", "Central American and Caribbean Games Mayagüez 2010", "Central American and Caribbean Games Veracruz 2014", "Central American and Caribbean Games Barranquilla 2018", "South American Games", "South American Games Buenos Aires, 2006", "South American Games Santiago 2014", "South American Games Cochabamba 2018", "Pan American Games", "Pan American Games Rio de Janeiro 2007", "Pan American Games Guadalajara 2011", "Pan American Games Toronto 2015", "Pan American Games Lima 2019", "Summer Olympic Games", "2008 Summer Olympics", "2012 Summer Olympics", "2016 Summer Olympics", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3456 ]

[ 16591, 16592, 16593, 16594, 16595, 16596, 16597, 16598, 16599, 16600, 16601, 16602, 16603, 16604, 16605, 16606, 16607, 16608, 16609, 16610, 16611, 16612, 16613, 16614, 16615, 16616, 16617, 16618, 16619, 16620, 16621, 16622, 16623, 16624, 16625, 16626, 16627, 16628, 16629, 16630, 16631, 16632, 16633, 16634, 16635, 16636, 16637, 16638, 16639, 16640, 16641, 16642 ]

[ "Dueñas playing for Toluca" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Edgar_Due%C3%B1as.jpg" ]

[ "Edgar Esteban Dueñas Peñaflor (born 5 March 1983) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a defender.", "During the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, Dueñas, and four other members of the Mexico national team, tested positive for the banned substance of Clenbuterol and were withdrawn from the squad. Later, all players were exonerated as FIFA determined that the accused had ingested the banned substance through contaminated meat that had been inadvertently served during a pre-tournament training camp.\nHowever, World Anti-Doping Agency appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport to request a ban. On 12 October 2011 the request was withdrawn when the full record was made available to WADA.", "", "", "Toluca\nPrimera División de México: Apertura 2005, Apertura 2008, Bicentenario 2010\nIndividual\nPrimera División de México Center back of the tournament: Bicentenario 2010", "\"Five Mexico Players Test Positive\". ESPN Soccernet. June 9, 2011.\n\"FMF absolvió a acusados de dopaje\". ESPNDeportes Mexico. July 10, 2011.\n\"FOOTBALL – THE CAS DISMISSES URGENT REQUEST FOR A STAY FILED BY OLYMPIAKOS VOLOU\". The Court of Arbitration for Sport. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.\n\"WADA withdraws CAS appeal in case of Mexican footballers\". World Anti-Doping Agency. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.\nÉdgar Dueñas at National-Football-Teams.com", "Édgar Dueñas – Liga MX stats at MedioTiempo.com (in Spanish)\nÉdgar Dueñas at National-Football-Teams.com\nÉdgar Dueñas at Soccerway" ]

[ "Édgar Dueñas", "International career", "Career statistics", "International", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3457 ]

[ 16643, 16644, 16645 ]

[ "Edgar Fonseca" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Edgar_Fonseca.jpg" ]

[ "Carlos Edgar Fonseca (born March 6, 1981 in Duitama, Boyacá) is a male professional road cyclist from Colombia.", "2005\n1st in Stage 2 Clasica del Meta (COL)\n2008\n1st in Stage 5 Vuelta a Colombia, La Dorada (COL)", "Édgar Fonseca at Cycling Archives" ]

[ "Édgar Fonseca", "Career", "References" ]

[ 3458 ]

[ 16646 ]

[ "García with the Phillies in 2019" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Edgar_Garcia_%2848053077258%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Ernesto García (born October 4, 1996) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Philadelphia Phillies in 2019 and has also played for the Tampa Bay Rays, Cincinnati Reds, and Minnesota Twins.", "", "García was born in Sabana Grande de Palenque, Dominican Republic. He worked out as a shortstop for Phillies scouts initially in the Dominican Republic, but though his batting skills did not impress the scouts they liked his arm. He was signed as an international free agent as a pitcher by the Philadelphia Phillies on May 29, 2014, for $30,000.\nHe made his professional debut in 2014 with the DSL Phillies, going 2–0 with a 2.10 ERA in 25.2 innings. García played for the Gulf Coast Phillies in 2015, going 1–2 with a 3.31 ERA and 34 strikeouts in 32.2 innings.\nGarcía played for the Lakewood BlueClaws in 2016, going 4–1 with a 2.80 ERA in 61 innings. He played for the Clearwater Threshers in 2017, going 3–4 with a 4.47 ERA and 89 strikeouts in 88.2 innings.", "In 2018, García split the season between the Reading Fightin Phils and the Lehigh Valley IronPigs, he was 7–2 with a 3.64 ERA, and 72 strikeouts in 64.1 innings. He was an Eastern League Mid-season All Star, was 4th in the league in appearances with 47, and among qualifying league relief pitchers he had the 4th-best opposing batting average, at .204, and the 5th-best SO/9.0 IP rate, at 10.26. He then pitched for Estrellas Orientales of the Dominican Winter League during the 2018 offseason. The Phillies added him to their 40-man roster after the 2018 season.\nHe opened the 2019 season back with Lehigh Valley, and before García was called up he was 1–1 with a 1.65 ERA and 23 strikeouts in 16.1 innings. On May 6, he was called to the major league roster and made his major league debut that night. In 2019 with Lehigh Valley he was 2-1 with 8 saves and a 2.48 ERA in 25 relief appearances in 29.0 innings in which he struck out 38 batters (11.8 strikeouts per 9 innings). In 2019 with the Phillies he was 2-0 with a 5.77 ERA in 37 relief appearances in which he pitched 39.0 innings and struck out 45 batters (10.4 strikeouts per 9 innings).\nGarcía was designated for assignment by Philadelphia on August 13, 2020.", "On August 16, 2020, García was traded to the Tampa Bay Rays in exchange for Rodolfo Sanchez. He was called up by the Rays on August 23 after Nick Anderson was placed on the injured list. In 4 games with Tampa Bay, García struggled to a 10.80 ERA. On December 2, García was nontendered by the Rays.", "On December 23, 2020, García signed a one-year, $600,000 major-league contract with the Cincinnati Reds. On April 1, 2021, García was designated for assignment after Jonathan India was added to the 40-man roster. He was outrighted to the alternate training site on April 3, and was assigned to the Triple-A Louisville Bats to begin the year, where he pitched to a 3.38 ERA in 24 games. On July 19, García was selected to the active roster. In 5 appearances for the Reds, Garcia struggled to a 16.62 ERA with 4 strikeouts. On July 28, Garcia was designated for assignment by the Reds.", "On July 30, 2021, Garcia was claimed off of waivers by the Minnesota Twins. On August 31, the Twins outrighted Garcia off of their 40-man roster and sent him outright to the Triple-A St. Paul Saints. Garcia elected free agency on October 13.\nOn April 20, 2022, García signed with the Mariachis de Guadalajara of the Mexican League. However, he was released on April 27, 2022, without having made an appearance for the club.", "García is known for an excellent 87 mph slider that has hard, downward action and generates more whiffs/swing compared to other pitchers' sliders.", "\"Phillies call up pitching prospect Edgar Garcia and his vaunted slider\". RSN.\n\"Edgar García Stats, Fantasy & News\". MiLB.com.\nSalisbury, Jim (November 20, 2018). \"Phillies add Adonis Medina and 2 others to 40-man roster, avoid losing them in Rule 5 draft | NBC Sports Philadelphia\". Nbcsports.com. Retrieved April 26, 2019.\n\"Edgar Garcia Stats, Highlights, Bio | MiLB.com Stats | The Official Site of Minor League Baseball\". Milb.com. Retrieved April 26, 2019.\nYear. \"Edgar Garcia Stats, Fantasy & News\". MLB.com. Retrieved April 26, 2019.\nRotoWire Staff (May 6, 2019). \"Phillies' Edgar Garcia: Summoned to majors\". CBSSports.com. Retrieved May 7, 2019.\n\"Philadelphia Phillies at St. Louis Cardinals Box Score, May 6, 2019\". Baseball Reference. Retrieved May 7, 2019.\n\"Edgar Garcia Minor & Winter Leagues Statistics & History\". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 3, 2019.\n\"Phillies Designate Edgar Garcia, Place Adam Haseley On Injured List\". MLB Trade Rumors.\n\"Rays Acquire Edgar Garcia; Designate Daniel Robertson\". MLB Trade Rumors.\n\"Rays' Edgar Garcia: Called up from alternate site\". CBS Sports.\n\"Reds Sign Edgar Garcia To Major League Contract\". MLB Trade Rumors.\n\"Reds Designate Edgar Garcia, Select Jonathan India\". MLB Trade Rumors.\nGray, Doug (April 3, 2021). \"Reds claim catcher Beau Taylor, DFA catcher Deivy Grullón\".\n\"Reds Claim Beau Taylor, Designate Deivy Grullon\". MLB Trade Rumors.\n\"Reds Designate Jose De Leon, Mark Payton For Assignment\". MLB Trade Rumors.\n\"Reds Acquire Luis Cessa, Justin Wilson From Yankees\". MLB Trade Rumors.\n\"Twins Claim Edgar Garcia from Reds\".\n\"Edgar García Stats, Fantasy & News\".\n\"Players Recently Electing Free Agency\". MLB Trade Rumors. Retrieved October 14, 2021.\nBadler, Ben. \"Prospect Notes: Two Phillies Pitchers To Watch\". www.baseballamerica.com.\n\"Player Card: Edgar Garcia\". Brooksbaseball.net. March 30, 2007. Retrieved October 3, 2019.", "Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or Retrosheet" ]

[ "Édgar García (baseball, born 1996)", "Professional career", "Philadelphia Phillies", "2018–2020", "Tampa Bay Rays", "Cincinnati Reds", "Minnesota Twins", "Pitching Style", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3459 ]

[ 16647, 16648, 16649, 16650, 16651, 16652, 16653, 16654, 16655, 16656, 16657, 16658, 16659, 16660 ]

[ "González with the Sacramento River Cats" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/%C3%89dgar_Gonz%C3%A1lez.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Gerardo González Elizondo (born February 23, 1983) is a Mexican professional baseball pitcher for the Saraperos de Saltillo of the Mexican League. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Oakland Athletics, Colorado Rockies, Houston Astros and Toronto Blue Jays and in the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) for the LG Twins.\nGonzález was the sixth major leaguer from Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, joining Óscar Villarreal, Felipe Montemayor, Bobby Treviño, Héctor Torres, and Alex Treviño. He was the 94th native of Mexico to appear in the majors and the 53rd pitcher from Mexico to work a big league game when he debuted with the Diamondbacks on June 1, 2003. At that time, he was the youngest pitcher in Major League Baseball, at 20 years old.\nHe throws a 4-seam fastball, slider, 2-seam fastball, and a changeup.", "", "González signed with the Arizona Diamondbacks as a non-drafted free agent on April 18, 2000. When he did not report for his assignment in the Dominican Republic, he was placed on the suspended list for 2000-2001. He was assigned to Single-A South Bend Silver Hawks of the Midwest League in 2002. On April 14, in only his second professional start, he tossed a no-hitter against West Michigan for his first professional win. He did not issue a walk and faced the minimum 27 batters because he picked off the only baserunner of the game (reached on an error). He was 11–8 with a 2.91 ERA and 110 strikeouts with South Bend before earning a promotion to the High-A Lancaster JetHawks of the California League in August, the last month of the season. He finished in Lancaster 3–0 with a 0.78 ERA and 21 strikeouts against 3 walks in 4 games started. His 14 victories in 2002 tied for second among Arizona minor leaguers. He was pitcher of the month of August in the Arizona farm system after combining 5–0 with a 1.18 combined in the two levels.\nGonzález was assigned to the Double-A El Paso Diablos of the Texas League in 2003. His stay at El Paso was a short one, with only 6 games started and going 2–2 with a 3.50 ERA before being called up early May to the Triple-A Tucson Sidewinders. He went 3–2 with Tucson before being called to the major league team for a brief stay. He finished the season at Tucson with an 8–7 record and a 3.75 ERA in 20 games. He was selected to participate in the All-Star Futures Game on July 13 in Chicago, working a scoreless frame for the World Team.\nGonzález was promoted on June 1, 2003, to face the San Diego Padres at Qualcomm Stadium. Arizona won the game 10–4. He picked up his first major league win, pitching 5.2 innings allowing 10 hits for 3 runs and striking out 4. He also collected his first major league hit. He had another start on June 6 against the Indians at Arizona where he took his first loss before returning to Tucson. When the rosters expanded in September, he was called up and pitched in 7 games (all in relief). He finished the season with a 2–1 record and a 4.91 ERA.\nGonzález had a rough year in the major leagues in 2004, mostly because pitching with a torn fingernail for most of the year ended his season short. In several stints with the big club, he ended with 0–9 record with a 9.32 ERA in 10 starts for the Diamondbacks. His best game came August 29 in Cincinnati where he took a no-hitter to the 7th inning and lost it to an infield hit by Felipe López and later lost the shutout to a home run by Adam Dunn.\n2006 was the redemption year for González. After a rough 2004 in MLB and spending almost the complete 2005 season in the minors, Edgar stated his case for a spot in the rotation for the next year. He was called up in June to replace in the rotation Russ Ortiz who was released. He pitched two good games (quality starts), but lost the two because of no run support. After Juan Cruz was activated from the disabled list, González was moved to the bullpen where he struggled to adapt and was demoted to Tucson on July 19 to continue to pitch as a starter. He returned to team on September and took the place in the rotation of struggling Enrique González. He had 3 starts in September, the 3 being excellent games, reaching 7 innings in two of them and not allowing more than 2 runs in each game. He ended the year 3–4 with an ERA of 4.22. His record as a starter was 2–3 with a 3.00 ERA.\n2007 was the first year González started the season with the major league club. He earned a spot in the rotation after going 5–0 during spring training. After Randy Johnson was activated from the disabled list, he lost his job to Micah Owings in a tight race. He spent the remainder of the season as the long reliever of the Diamondbacks and making spot starts. He was out of minor league options so he could not be sent to the minor leagues without exposing him to waivers.\nEddy González began the 2008 season in the bullpen, but was moved into the starting rotation when starter Doug Davis was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. In five starts, he was 1–2 with a 6.55 ERA, averaging 4.4 innings per start. He then lost his starting job to Max Scherzer and was moved back to the bullpen after Scherzer pitched 4⅓ innings of perfect relief for González on April 29.", "On February 9, 2009, González signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Oakland Athletics. He appeared in 26 games with Oakland, including 6 starts. He had a 0–4 record and 5.51 ERA in those appearances. In October 2009, González was granted free agency.", "He began the 2010 season with the LG Twins in the Korea Baseball Organization. He was 0–6 with a 7.68 ERA for the Twins before he was released.", "He then signed with Sultanes de Monterrey in the Mexican League.", "After 3 starts in Mexico, he signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers on August 20 and was assigned to the triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes. He made four starts for the Isotopes, with a 1–1 record and 4.81 ERA.", "Edgar signed a minor league deal with Tampa Bay on March 2, 2011. He was released on June 6, after recording a 3.72 ERA in 48 1/3 innings with the Durham Bulls.", "He signed with the Colorado Rockies and was called up to the majors on August 10. On August 15, he was designated for assignment. After the 2011 season, he elected for free agency.", "On November 3, 2011, Gonzalez signed a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics. On April 3, 2012 gonzalez was released by the Oakland Athletics.", "Gonzalez pitched for the Colorado Sky Sox, the PCL (AAA) affiliate of the Colorado Rockies.", "Gonzalez signed with the Houston Astros on August 23, 2012. He made his debut with the Astros on September 3, 2012. On April 5, 2013 he was designated for assignment.", "On April 7, 2013, González was claimed on waivers from the Astros by the Toronto Blue Jays. González was activated by the Blue Jays on April 9. On April 12, he was outrighted to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons to make room for Casper Wells. González was recalled on May 8 when J. A. Happ was placed on the disabled list. He was designated for assignment on May 9. On May 11, González cleared waivers and elected free agency rather than an assignment back to Buffalo.", "The Astros signed González on May 12, 2013. Philip Humber was designated for assignment to make room on the 40-man roster for Gonzalez. He was outrighted off the roster on September 7, 2013. He became a free agent after the season.", "González signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds in January 2014. He became a free agent after the season.", "González signed with the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League for the 2015 season. He played with the club in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. González did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the Mexican League season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.\nAfter the 2020 season, he played for Mexico in the 2021 Caribbean Series.", "On March 13, 2021, González was loaned to El Águila de Veracruz of the Mexican League. In 10 starts, he registered a 2–6 record with a 6.59 ERA in 42.1 innings pitched.", "On July 19, 2021, González was loaned to the Acereros de Monclova of the Mexican League for the remainder of the 2021 season.", "On October 6, 2021, González was returned to the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League. However, prior to the 2022 season, on March 23, 2022, he was loaned to the Saraperos de Saltillo.", "In the winter, he plays in the Mexican Pacific League for the Naranjeros de Hermosillo. During the 2002–2003 season, when he was 19 years old, he was named Rookie of the Year and Pitcher of the Year going 8–1 with a 1.89 ERA.", "\"A's Agree to Terms with RHP Édgar González on Minor League Contract\". MLB.com. 2009-02-09. Retrieved 2009-02-09.\nNicholson-Smith, Ben. \"Rays Sign Lance Cormier\". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved 6 June 2011.\n\"Rochies notes: Rockies start Millwood, ship Stewart to Sky Sox\". gazette.com. Retrieved 12 January 2014.\nNicholson-Smith, Ben. \"Rockies Designate Gonzalez, Sign Romero\". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved 15 August 2011.\nAxisa, Mike. \"22 Triple-A Players Elect Free Agency\". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved 1 October 2011.\nAstros send struggling Pirates to 4th loss in row\nMcTaggart, Brian. \"Righty Gonzalez designated to make room for Blackley\".\nShi Davidi [@ShiDavidi] (7 April 2013). \"#BlueJays claim Edgar Gonzalez on waivers from Astros, transfer Dustin McGowan to 60 day DL. Corresponding roster move coming in Detroit\" (Tweet) – via Twitter.\n\"BLUE JAYS SEND GONZALEZ TO TRIPLE-A TO MAKE ROOM FOR WELLS\". April 12, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2013.\n\"Happ placed on Disabled List\". mlb.com. May 8, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2013.\nLott, John (May 9, 2013). \"Blue Jays option Ricky Romero to Buffalo\". Retrieved May 9, 2013.\nLinks, Zack (May 12, 2013). \"Astros Sign Edgar Gonzalez, Designate Philip Humber\". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved May 12, 2013.\n\"Humber DFA'd-- Edgar Gonzalez Signed\". May 12, 2013.\n\"Mexican League Cancels 2020 Season\".\n\"EDGAR GONZALEZ LLEGA A REFORZAR AL CAMPEÓN\" (in Spanish). 19 July 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.\nMexican League Transactions\n\"EDGAR GONZALEZ APORTARÁ SU EXPERIENCIA AL PITCHEO DE SARAPEROS\". saraperos.com.mx (in Spanish). March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.", "Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors)" ]

[ "Édgar González (pitcher)", "Professional career", "Arizona Diamondbacks", "Oakland Athletics", "LG Twins", "Sultanes de Monterrey", "Los Angeles Dodgers", "Tampa Bay Rays", "Colorado Rockies", "Oakland Athletics", "Colorado Rockies", "Houston Astros", "Toronto Blue Jays", "Return to the Houston Astros", "Cincinnati Reds", "Sultanes de Monterrey (second stint)", "El Águila de Veracruz", "Acereros de Monclova", "Saraperos de Saltillo", "Winter baseball", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3460 ]

[ 16661, 16662, 16663, 16664, 16665, 16666, 16667, 16668, 16669, 16670, 16671, 16672, 16673, 16674, 16675, 16676, 16677, 16678, 16679, 16680, 16681, 16682 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Edgar_Hern%C3%A1ndez.JPG" ]

[ "Édgar Hernández Marcé (born 2 February 1987) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a forward for Gimnàstic de Tarragona.", "Born in Gavà, Barcelona, Catalonia, Hernández finished his youth career with local UE Cornellà, making his senior debut in the 2005–06 season in Tercera División. He first arrived in Segunda División B in the summer of 2009, signing with Alicante CF.\nHernández joined RC Celta de Vigo in June 2010, being assigned to the B team also in the third division. The following campaign he dropped down a tier by signing with CF Gavà, but returned to division three shortly after with UE Sant Andreu.\nAfter scoring a career-best 17 goals in his first full season, in 34 appearances, Hernández joined CE Sabadell FC from Segunda División in June 2013. He made his debut as a professional on 25 August, playing the last 27 minutes in a 0–2 away defeat against SD Ponferradina.\nOn 29 August 2014, Hernández moved to third-tier club CF Reus Deportiu. He netted a team-best 12 times in 2015–16, helping to a first-ever promotion to the professional leagues.\nHernández returned to the third division in the 2018 off-season, with the 31-year-old agreeing to a two-year contract at former team Sabadell. He scored nine times during the 2019–20 campaign, as the Arquelinats achieved promotion to the second division.\nOn 8 July 2021, Herández signed a one-year deal with Primera División RFEF side Gimnàstic de Tarragona.", "Alejandro Vázquez y Edgar Hernández refuerzan al Alicante (Alejandro Vázquez and Edgar Hernández bolster Alicante); Diario Información, 14 July 2009 (in Spanish)\nEl Celta ficha al delantero Edgar Hernández (Celta sign forward Edgar Hernández); Diario AS, 29 June 2010 (in Spanish)\nArriben Edgar Hernández i Álex Fernández (Edgar Hernández and Álex Fernández arrive); UE Sant Andreu, 30 January 2012 (in Catalan)\nEl Sabadell refuerza su delantera con el goleador Edgar Hernández (Sabadell strengthen offense with goalscorer Edgar Hernández); Marca, 13 June 2013 (in Spanish)\nDos minutos mágicos dan los primeros puntos a la Ponfe (Two magic minutes give first points to Ponfe); Marca, 25 August 2013 (in Spanish)\nÉdgar Hernández ficha por el CF Reus Deportiu (Édgar Hernández signs for CF Reus Deportiu;Archived 4 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine; CE Sabadell, 29 August 2014 (in Spanish)\nAdiós al pichichi del ascenso del CF Reus (Farewell to CF Reus' promotion pichichi); Diari de Tarragona, 6 June 2018 (in Spanish)\nEdgar Hernández vuelve al CE Sabadell (Edgar Hernández returns to CE Sabadell); Vavel, 26 June 2018 (in Spanish)\nEdgar Hernández torna al Centre d'Esports Sabadell (Edgar Hernández returns to Centre d'Esports Sabadell); Radio Sabadell, 26 June 2018 (in Catalan)\n\"Edgar Hernández, nuevo jugador del Nàstic\" [Edgar Hernández, new player of Nàstic] (in Spanish). Gimnàstic Tarragona. 8 July 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.", "Édgar Hernández at BDFutbol\nÉdgar Hernández at Futbolme (in Spanish)\nÉdgar Hernández at Soccerway" ]

[ "Édgar Hernández (footballer)", "Club career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3461 ]

[ 16683, 16684, 16685, 16686, 16687 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Edgar-Jimenez.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Hernán Jiménez (born 19 October 1984) is a Venezuelan international footballer who plays for Mineros de Guayana, as a midfielder.", "Jiménez has played for Caracas FC since 2003, winning the Venezuelan Primera División twice and the Copa Venezuela once.\nHe made his international debut for Venezuela in 2006.", "Édgar Jiménez at National-Football-Teams.com\n\"Profile\". Soccerway." ]

[ "Édgar Jiménez", "Career", "References" ]

[ 3462 ]

[ 16688 ]

[ "Mejia playing for Guadalajara" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Edgar_Mejia.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Eduardo Mejía Viruete (born 27 July 1988) also known as El Chore, is a Mexican former professional footballer and former manager of Liga MX Femenil club Guadalajara (women).", "", "Mejía made his professional debut during the first week of the Clausura 2006 tournament against Toluca. From then on, Mejía became a regular with Chivas. During the Clausura 2007, he earned a starting position over Patricio Araujo. On June 1, 2012 he was transferred on loan for 1 year to Club León. However, he did not make any appearances for Leon during his time at the club. The versatile midfielder made 115 appearances for Chivas.", "On February 21, 2013 sister club Chivas USA announced they had acquired Mejía and teammates Giovani Casillas and Mario de Luna on loan from CD Guadalajara.", "Guadalajara\nMexican Primera División: Apertura 2006\nJuárez\nAscenso MX: Apertura 2015", "\"Chivas vende al 'Venado' y a Magallón; Mejía a préstamo\". mediotiempo.com. June 1, 2012. Retrieved June 3, 2012.\n\"Chivas add three players\". mediotiempo.com. February 21, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2013.", "Édgar Mejía – Liga MX stats at MedioTiempo.com (in Spanish)\nÉdgar Mejía at Liga MX (in Spanish)" ]

[ "Édgar Mejía", "Club career", "Guadalajara", "Loan at Chivas USA", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3463 ]

[ 16689, 16690, 16691 ]

[ "Núñez in 2010" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Edgar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_2.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Núñez Román (born 23 January 1963) is a Peruvian politician. He is a former Congressman representing Ica for the 2006–2011 period, and belongs to the Peruvian Aprista Party. He was previously a Congressman between 1995 and 2000. He also served as District Mayor of San Clemente from 1986 to 1989 and Provincial Mayor of Pisco from 1993 to 1995. During his tenure in Congress, he participated in the presentation of 161 bills of which 23 were approved as law, including the General Arbitration Law approved in 1995.", "He was born in the district of Tintay, Aymaraes province, Apurímac department, on January 23, 1963. His parents were Alejandro Núñez Palomino and Lazarina Román Quispe. He completed his primary and secondary studies at the José Carlos Mariátegui educational institution in the district of San Clemente in the province of Pisco, department of Ica. Between 1981 and 1986 he studied law at the San Luis Gonzaga National University in Ica. Between 2006 and 2008 he completed a doctorate in education at Alas Peruanas University, where he was vice-rector of the Ica branch since 2004.", "A member of the Peruvian Aprista Party since 1978, he participated in the complementary municipal elections of 1985, being elected as the first mayor of the newly created district of San Clemente, being reelected in the municipal elections of 1986. In the regional elections of the Los Libertadores - Wari Region of In 1990 he was elected Representative to the Regional Assembly for the department of Ica. This charge was disappeared after Alberto Fujimori's self-coup. In the 1993 municipal elections, he returned to the municipal level and was elected provincial mayor of Pisco, holding that position until 1995. That same year he was elected Congressman of the Republic for the 1995-2000 parliamentary period. He unsuccessfully attempted reelection in the elections 2000 and 2001.", "\"Ficha de Congresista\". Congreso de la Republica del Peru. Retrieved 29 December 2010.\nhttp://elcomercio.pe/politica/266332/noticia-edgar-nunez-no-reconoce-hija-extramatrimonial\n22 avr. 2009 Sesión de la Comisión de Defensa Nacional, con la presidencia de su titular, congresista Édgar Núñez Román." ]

[ "Édgar Núñez (politician)", "Biography", "Political career", "References" ]

[ 3464 ]

[ 16692, 16693, 16694, 16695 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Edgar_Pacheco.jpg" ]

[ "Edgar Iván Pacheco Rodríguez (born 22 January 1990) is a Mexican professional footballer who last played for club Antigua GFC, as a midfielder.", "", "Pacheco made his club debut on 20 January 2008 in a game against Club Toluca. After his debut, he was used sparingly until the return of coach Ricardo La Volpe to Atlas. Thereafter, he got more playing time and became a favorite of La Volpe's. He is known for his speed, reflexes, shooting ability, and sacrifice on both the offensive and defensive sides. He is also known for his ability to play through the left, middle, and right sides of the field ranging from defensive, recovery, creative and offensive positions. On 31 January 2010 he played as a goalkeeper against Santos Laguna after Atlas goalkeeper Mariano Barbosa was sent off for a foul. He allowed one goal, but made a crucial save in the game. The final score was a 2–1 victory for Atlas. Pacheco would go on to play with the \"Rojinegros\" for another 3 years, making 94 appearances and scoring 11 goals. His last season with the club would be the 2011 Clausura.", "In June 2011 Pacheco was being linked to various clubs in Europe, most notably with Portuguese club Benfica. It was reported that MLS club Houston Dynamo wanted to sign Pacheco, but the deal fell through at the last minute, with the player stating that he did not want to play in the MLS. Mexican giants Club América and Chivas Guadalajara were also rumored as possible destinations. On 2 June 2011 he signed a $4 million contract with Tigres UANL.\nPacheco played his first match with UANL on 30 July, in a 0–0 draw against Querétaro, coming in a substitute in the 76th minute.", "Pacheco made his official debut with FC Juárez on 25 July 2015. At the 57' minute Pacheco score via penalty the first-ever goal of the franchise against Lobos BUAP. Being the Captain of the border set arriving until the end and raising the title of champion that same season 2015.", "Pacheco joined K League Challenge side Gangwon FC on 28 January 2016. On 25 May, he made his first team debut in a 1–0 victory against Goyang Zaicro. On 8 January 2017, he switched to Bahraini club Al-Najma.\nOn 8 July 2017, Pacheco moved to Cypriot First Division side Ermis Aradippou on a free transfer.\nOn 8 August 2018, Pacheco signed contract with Azerbaijan Premier League side Sabail FK. On 7 December 2018, after 8 appearances for Sabail, Pacheco left the club by mutual consent.", "Pacheco was called up by then-national team coach Javier Aguirre for a friendly match against Colombia. He made his debut on 30 September 2009.\nHe would be called up again by new coach José Manuel de la Torre for a friendly match against Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 February 2011, where he scored his first international goal in the 2–0 victory.", "He would be left out of both the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad and the 2011 Copa América squad. He was later re-called to the team to fill the space left by eight players who were suspended from the squad due to a prostitution scandal in Quito, Ecuador. He would appear in all three group matches, were Mexico would finish fourth in their group, losing all three matches. It would be the team's worst finish in a Copa América tournament.", "", "Tigres UANL\nMexican Primera División: Apertura 2011\nCopa MX: Clausura 2014", "Édgar Iván Pacheco statistics at Televisa Deportes\n\"En Europa queren a Pacheco, pero no hay nada firme\". Informador.com.mx. Retrieved 20 June 2011.\n\"Edgar Pacheco é alvo encarnado\". Abola (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 May 2011.\n\"Benfica se interesa en Édgar Pacheco\". ESPN Deportes. Retrieved 23 May 2011.\n\"Houston Dynamo fail to complete signing of Edgar Pacheco\". Goal.com. Retrieved 9 April 2011.\n\"Pacheco suena para llegar al América\". Record.com.mx. Retrieved 7 May 2011.\n\"Market: Chivas and Edgar Pacheco... A marriage in the future?\". Goal.com. Retrieved 18 April 2011\n\"Es oficial: Atlas vende a Édgar Pacheco a Tigres por cuatro millones\": Goal.com (Spanish). Retrieved 2 June 2011.\n\"Pacheco está contento por su debut con Tigres\". Record.com.mx. Retrieved 1 August 2011.\n\"Gangwon FC, nuevo club de Edgar Pacheco\" [Gangwon FC, new club by Edgar Pacheco] (in Spanish). ADN Deportivo. 28 January 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2018.\n\"Mexicano Édgar Pacheco debuta en futbol de Corea del Sur\" [Mexican Edgar Pacheco debuts in South Korea soccer] (in Spanish). ESPN. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2018.\n\"Edgar Pacheco, embajador mexicano en Bahréin\".\n\"Edgar Pacheco, un trotamundos del fútbol\" [Edgar Pacheco, a soccer globetrotter]. Marca (in Spanish). Spain. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2018.\n\"Meet our new midfielder! Edgar Pacheco!\". facebook.com. Sabail FK. 8 August 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.\n\"\"Səbail\" PFK Edqar Paçekonun klub ilə müqaviləsinin vaxtından əvvəl xitam verilməsinə dair qarşılıqlı razılıq əldə edib\". facebook.com (in Azerbaijani). Sabail FK - Facebook. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.\n\"Mexico 1-Colombia 2: Cayó el invicto de 12 partidos del 'Vasco'\". Medio Tiempo. Retrieved 30 September 2009.\n\"Mexico 2-Bosnia-Herzegovina 0: Debut esperanzador\". Media Tiempo. Retrieved 9 February 2011.\n\"8 players suspended from Mexico team\". USA Today. Retrieved 28 June 2011.", "Édgar Pacheco – Liga MX stats at MedioTiempo.com (in Spanish)\nÉdgar Pacheco at National-Football-Teams.com\nÉdgar Pacheco – K League stats at kleague.com (in Korean) \nÉdgar Pacheco at Soccerway" ]

[ "Édgar Pacheco", "Club career", "Atlas", "Tigres UANL", "FC Juárez", "Abroad", "International career", "2011 Copa América", "International goals", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3465 ]

[ 16696, 16697, 16698, 16699, 16700, 16701, 16702, 16703, 16704, 16705, 16706, 16707, 16708 ]

[ "Ramírez at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con", "Ramírez in 2005", "Ramírez at the 2011 César Awards", "Ramírez in 2012" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Edgar_Ramirez_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/DominoPressConfbyVeraAnderson.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Edgar_Ramirez_C%C3%A9sars_2011_2.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Egdar_Ramirez_2012.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Filiberto Ramírez Arellano ([ˈeðɣaɾ raˈmiɾes], born 25 March 1977) is a Venezuelan actor. Ramírez studied communications at the Andrés Bello Catholic University. He then worked in media and considered becoming a diplomat. When Guillermo Arriaga praised a short film he had done, he decided to pursue his performing hobby as a career. He played Carlos the Jackal in the 2010 biopic series Carlos, a role for which he won the César Award for Most Promising Actor at the 2011 César Awards, and was nominated for a Golden Globe and Emmy Award for Best Actor. He also played Larry, a CIA operative in the film Zero Dark Thirty, Paz—a CIA assassin—in The Bourne Ultimatum, and boxer Roberto Durán in Hands of Stone. Ramírez won at the 2012 ALMA Awards for Ares in Wrath of the Titans. He received several award nominations for his portrayal of Gianni Versace in the 2018 miniseries The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story. In 2020, he had a recurring role in the HBO miniseries The Undoing. In 2022, Ramírez was part of the Un Certain Regard jury at the Cannes Film Festival.", "Ramírez was born in San Cristóbal, Táchira, Venezuela, the son of Soday Arellano, an attorney, and Filiberto Ramírez, a military officer. He has a sister named Nataly and a niece and nephew named Enrique and Maria Camilla. Part of his childhood was spent traveling in different countries; he speaks Spanish, English, French, Italian and German fluently.\nRamírez graduated in 1999 from the Andrés Bello Catholic University in Caracas with a degree in mass communication, minoring in audiovisual communications, although he intended to pursue international relations. While in college he worked as an emerging journalist, reporting on politics. Later, he became executive director of Dale al Voto, a Venezuelan foundation . He and his team created campaigns for radio, television and movie theaters. However, he was always attracted to the performing arts and while in college was involved with the arts. Ramírez was in charge of international promotions of the Viart Film Festival. \"I'll be lying if I told you I dreamed about becoming an actor as a kid. But I wasn't indifferent to the world of performing arts. I was always very attracted to it. I just never thought about it as a career.\" Ramírez passed it up, as he was in the middle of his thesis and was to attend Harvard National Model UN that year as a delegate from his school. Ramírez then decided to pursue his acting interests.", "Ramirez's first recognition as an actor was the successful soap opera Cosita rica, for Venevisión which aired from September 2003 to August 2004, lasting 270 episodes. In 2005, he made his major motion-picture début playing Choco, Domino Harvey's love interest in the film Domino directed by Tony Scott.\nHe was in Vantage Point directed by Pete Travis. In this high-budgeted Sony Pictures political thriller, Ramírez joined an all-star international cast including Dennis Quaid, Matthew Fox, William Hurt, Forest Whitaker, Eduardo Noriega, and Ayelet Zurer. Ramírez plays Javier, an ex-special forces soldier forced to kidnap the American President in order to get his brother back. Upcoming is Cyrano Fernandez, with Ramírez in the title role. This independent production was directed by Alberto Arvelo.\nRamírez has appeared in several other productions. Among those are the first part of the two film bundle Che by Steven Soderbergh, where he played the role of Ciro Redondo (a Cuban revolutionary who fought with Ché Guevara), La Hora Cero (The Magic Hour), a short film directed by Guillermo Arriaga; Plan B, directed by Alejandro García Wiederman (Venezuela); Yotama se va volando (Yotama Flies Away), directed by Luis Armando Roche (Venezuela-France); Punto y raya (Step Forward), directed by Elia K. Schneider (Venezuela-Spain-Chile-Uruguay), submitted by Venezuela for Oscar consideration for 2004 Best Foreign Film, in which he played Colombian soldier Pedro.\nIn 2007, he played the role of Paz, a Blackbriar assassin, in The Bourne Ultimatum; in its source novel The Bourne Ultimatum, the villain is Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, a.k.a. Carlos the Jackal. Ramírez went on to play the role of the actual Carlos in the 2010 French-German limited series Carlos. At the French César Awards 2011, he was awarded, for the film version of the TV series, the César Award for Most Promising Actor. Ramírez has also given his voice to language learning education, guest-starring on the audio CD supplement to the Fluenz Spanish 1 DVD software.\nRamírez appeared in the Clash of the Titans (2010) sequel, Wrath of the Titans (2012), playing Ares, the God of War. In 2012, he played Larry in the Kathryn Bigelow film Zero Dark Thirty. He played Bodhi in the 2015 remake of Point Break. In 2016, he played Dr. Kamal Abdic in the film The Girl on the Train.\nOn 18 November 2016, Hollywood Reporter interviewed Ramírez about his stolen watches. Thieves broke into Ramírez's apartment in Caracas and stole his watch collection including a Chanel J12 Chromatic titanium ceramic watch; a Cartier Santos; a TAG Heuer Aquaracer, a Montblanc TimeWalker Chronograph. Other watches in his collection are the Cartier Drive; a Montblanc \"Homage to Nicolas Rieussec\"; and the Harmony and Patrimony timepieces, both by Vacheron Constantin all worth about $150,000.\nIn 2017, Ramírez played Gianni Versace in the second season of the anthology series American Crime Story. In 2019, Ramírez joined the cast of the spy thriller film The 355, which was released in 2022 and reunited him with ACS co-star Penelope Cruz.", "Ramírez supports the campaign \"No Dispares\" (Don't Shoot), by Amnesty International, the international human-rights organization. The campaign's purpose is to eliminate the number of injuries and deaths caused by the irresponsible use of guns.\nRamírez was also part of \"5 Senses in Action\", an organization which benefits children with special needs. On 13 July 2008, he took part in an outdoor activity that stimulated sensory experience through gestures, playing and singing for congenitally deaf and/or blind children.\nOn 12 November 2010, Ramírez was named a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), at an event held at the Eurobuilding Hotel in Caracas, and attended by personalities from the country's diplomatic corps. The UNICEF representative in Venezuela, Nadya Vásquez, said the organization has established in recent years an alliance with the actor \"through which it is provided to support activities directly related to violence prevention campaigns\".", "", "", "", "", "Biography. edgar-ramirez.com\nThe Late Show with Stephen Colbert (25 August 2016). \"Édgar Ramírez Salsa Dances onto Late Show Stage\". Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2017 – via YouTube.\nCésar : Edgar Ramirez, espoir masculin, europe1.fr\n\"Edgar Ramírez nominado a los premios César – Cine – EL UNIVERSAL\". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved June 24, 2017.\n\"Edgar Ramirez: Awards and\". Television Academy. Retrieved 31 August 2015.\n\"Cannes' Un Certain Regard Jury Includes Valeria Golino, Édgar Ramírez, Joanna Kulig and More\". Retrieved 1 June 2022 – via Variety.\nRohter, Larry (10 October 2010). \"A Sweeping Tale Of a Terrorist And His Time\". The New York Times.\nhttp://www.rctvintl.com/eng/ date=December 2005\n\"Edgar Ramírez on Twitter\". Twitter. Retrieved 19 November 2016.\n\"About Edgar Ramirez\". Edgar Ramirez Official site / Actor & Unicef Global Goodwill Ambassador (in European Spanish). 3 October 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2016.\n\"Golden Globes bio\". Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2011.\n\"Dale al voto\". Vimeo. 25 September 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2016.\n\"From the Archives: Edgar Ramírez | Anthem Magazine\". anthemmagazine.com. Retrieved 19 November 2016.\n\"Edgar Ramirez Interview – VANTAGE POINT\". Collider.com. 18 February 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2011.\nEdgar Filiberto Ramirez at IMDb\n\"'Girl on the Train' Star Edgar Ramirez on His Stolen Timepieces and His New Top-Tier Collection\". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 19 November 2016.\nAndreeva, Nellie (15 February 2017). \"Edgar Ramirez & Darren Criss To Star In 'Versace: American Crime Story' On FX\". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 16 February 2017.\nBarraclough, Leo (14 May 2019). \"Sebastian Stan, Edgar Ramirez Join Jessica Chastain's Spy Thriller '355'\". Variety. Retrieved 20 May 2019.\nD'Alessandro, Anthony (5 May 2021). \"The 355: Simon Kinberg Femme Action Ensemble Going Earlier In 2022\". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2022.\nmaxdil says (19 December 2007). \"Edgar Ramírez nueva imagen de Amnistía Internacional « WEB OF EDGAR RAMIREZ YOUR #1 SOURCE 2007–2011 Official Website\". Everythingaboutedgarramirez.wordpress.com. Retrieved 8 December 2011.\nMarcela (25 November 2008). \"\"5 senses in action\" « WEB OF EDGAR RAMIREZ YOUR #1 SOURCE 2007–2011 Official Website\". Everythingaboutedgarramirez.wordpress.com. Retrieved 8 December 2011.\nMaas, Jennifer (27 March 2019). \"Edgar Ramirez, Lily Rabe Join Nicole Kidman's HBO Limited Series 'The Undoing'\". TheWrap. Retrieved 21 January 2020.\nCobo, Leila (31 March 2017). \"Residente Gets Romantic With Stunningly Beautiful 'Desencuentro' Video: Watch\". Billboard. Eldridge Industries. Retrieved 11 April 2017.\nCobo, Leila (28 March 2017). \"San Luis Gets Romantic With Stunningly Beautiful 'Mis Ilusiones' Video: Watch\". Billboard. Eldridge Industries. Retrieved 28 March 2017.", "Edgar Ramirez at IMDb\nClub fans website" ]

[ "Édgar Ramírez", "Early life", "Acting career", "Philanthropy", "Filmography", "Film", "Television", "Music videos", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Rentería with the Cincinnati Reds in 2011", "Rentería with the Braves in June 2007.", "Rentería batting for the Tigers on March 31, 2008.", "Rentería playing for the Giants in June 2009", "Rentería on July 28, 2011", "Rentería at bat in an exhibition game in Barranquilla." ]

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[ "Édgar Enrique Rentería Herazo ([ˈeðɣaɾ renteˈɾi.a]; born August 7, 1975), nicknamed \"The Barranquilla Baby,\" is a Colombian former professional baseball shortstop. He threw and batted right-handed. He played for the Florida Marlins, the St. Louis Cardinals, the Boston Red Sox, the Atlanta Braves, the Detroit Tigers, San Francisco Giants and Cincinnati Reds.\nBorn in Barranquilla, Colombia, Rentería was signed by the Florida Marlins in 1992. He debuted with them in 1996, and he finished second to Todd Hollandsworth in Rookie of the Year Award balloting. In 1997, his RBI single off Charles Nagy in the eleventh inning of Game 7 of the 1997 World Series won the first World Series in Marlins' history over the Cleveland Indians. In the 2010 World Series against the Texas Rangers, Rentería won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award with the San Francisco Giants after he hit game-winning home runs in Game 2 and Game 5.", "Rentería was born on August 7, 1975, in Barranquilla, Colombia. As a youth, he attended Instituto Los Alpes High School in Barranquilla. After high school, he was signed by the Florida Marlins at the age of sixteen by scout Levy Ochoa.", "", "Rentería started his professional career in 1992 with the Gulf Coast League Marlins. He had a .288 batting average and 47 hits in 43 games that year. However, his fielding percentage was only .897, and he made 24 errors. In 1993, he played for the Kane County Cougars of the Midwest League. He only batted .203 in 116 games with them, but he only committed 34 errors that year, and his fielding percentage increased to .934.\nIn 1994, Rentería was promoted to the Brevard County Manatees of the Florida State League. His average went up to .253 and his fielding percentage climbed to .959. 1995 saw Rentería have a breakout season with the Portland Sea Dogs of the Eastern League. He batted .289 with them, and he hit seven home runs and stole thirty bases. Entering the 1996 season, Baseball America ranked Rentería as the best prospect in the Marlins' organization. He started the season with the Charlotte Knights of the International League, and he batted .278 with two home runs and fifteen runs batted in in 28 games with them.", "", "On May 9, Rentería was called up to the Marlins following an injury to shortstop Kurt Abbott. His first game came on May 10, in a 4–2 win over the Colorado Rockies, when he entered the game in the ninth inning as part of a double switch. He did not have any at bats in that game, though, and he was just a backup infielder when he first came up because Alex Arias had replaced Abbott as the everyday shortstop. However, Rentería replaced Arias as the starting shortstop on May 19 against the Chicago Cubs. He got his first hit (a single) in his first at bat (against Steve Trachsel) in a 3–2 Marlins victory. He got four hits in a game for the first time on June 10 in a 5–2 win over the Montreal Expos. His first home run came the next day, off Ugueth Urbina of the Expos, in a 3–2 loss. Rentería did so well as a shortstop that the Marlins moved Abbott over to second base when he came off the disabled list. On June 23, Rentería strained a hamstring on a groundout in the sixth inning of a 5–3 loss to the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was placed on the disabled list the next day, but he remained the starting shortstop when he returned on July 11. From July 25 to August 16 he had a 22-game hitting streak, which was the longest for a rookie since Jerome Walton of the Chicago Cubs had a thirty-game streak in 1989. Rentería finished the season with a .309 batting average, 68 runs scored, and sixteen stolen bases in 106 games. He was second behind Los Angeles Dodgers outfielder Todd Hollandsworth in National League (NL) Rookie of the Year Award balloting.", "In 1997, Rentería hit the first inside–the–park home run of his career to tie a game against the Cincinnati Reds on April 5, and he won the game 4–3 with an RBI single in the eleventh inning. On April 27, he had a game–winning single in the ninth inning that gave the Marlins a 4–3 win over the Dodgers. From May 13 to 29, he had a thirteen-game hitting streak. From July 16 through July 18, he had three hits in three straight games. On August 15, his RBI single in the ninth inning gave the Marlins a 6–5 victory over Pittsburgh. Rentería finished the season with a .277 batting average, 171 hits, and 32 stolen bases in 154 games. That year, the Florida Marlins won the wild card to advance to the playoffs for the first time in their history. In Game 1 of the 1997 National League Division Series (NLDS), Rentería's RBI single in the bottom of the ninth off Roberto Hernández gave the Marlins a 2–1 victory over the San Francisco Giants. The Marlins swept the Giants in the series and defeated the Atlanta Braves in the 1997 National League Championship Series (NLCS) to face the Cleveland Indians in the World Series. In Game 7, with the score tied at two and two out in the eleventh inning, Rentería hit a walk-off RBI single off Charles Nagy to score Craig Counsell. The hit won the game 3–2 and won the first World Series in Marlins' history.", "In 1998, Rentería had a .302 batting average by the All-Star break, and he was the only Marlin selected to the MLB All-Star Game. His RBI single in the eleventh inning on May 1 gave the Marlins a 6–5 victory over the San Diego Padres. He had a fourteen-game hitting streak from June 8 to 22, which was the longest by a Marlin in 1998. During the streak, on June 9, he had his first career pinch hit when he singled home Dave Berg in the ninth inning to give the Marlins a 5–4 win over the Toronto Blue Jays. Also, on June 14, he scored the winning run in a 5–4 win over the New York Mets. For his contributions from June 8 through 14, he won the NL Player of the Week Award. On July 13, he scored four runs (which tied a Florida record) in an 8–7 win over the Expos. On August 24, he sprained his right knee sliding into second base in the third inning of a 7–4 loss to San Francisco. He was placed on the disabled list the next day, but he was reactivated on September 9. He finished the year with a .282 batting average and 146 hits in 133 games, along with a career-high 41 stolen bases. On December 14, he was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for Armando Almanza, Braden Looper, and Pablo Ozuna.", "", "On May 16, Rentería hit his first home run as a Cardinal off Ismael Valdes of the Dodgers in a 5–4 victory. He had three RBI, including the game-winner, on May 23 in an 8–3 victory over Los Angeles. He had two home runs on May 31 in a 5–2 win over Florida. On June 12, he had three hits, including a game–winning single in the fourteenth inning, in an 8–7 victory over the Detroit Tigers. From June 21 to July 1 he had a ten-game hitting streak, his longest of the season. On July 9, he had four hits in a 5–4 loss to the Giants. He had four hits again on August 31 in an 8–1 victory over the Marlins. On September 5, he stole four bases in a 13–9 win over the Milwaukee Brewers. He hit ten home runs in a season for the first time when he homered on September 10 in an 11–5 win over Pittsburgh. Rentería finished the season with a .275 batting average. He led the Cardinals with 154 games, 585 at-bats, 161 hits, 36 doubles, and 37 stolen bases (which was also the seventh most in the National League).", "In 2000, Rentería had a .273 average by the All–Star break, and he was selected to the All–Star Game to replace teammate Mark McGwire, who was injured. He homered in three straight games from April 9–11, and he set a new career high on the eleventh with four RBI in a 10–6 victory over the Houston Astros. On April 16, he reached base five times in a 14–13 loss to Colorado. On August 29, he hit his sixteenth home run of the year in a 3–1 loss to the Marlins. The home run broke Solly Hemus's record for most home runs by a Cardinals' shortstop. On September 4, his three-run triple gave the Cardinals a 4–2 win over the Expos. He finished the season with a .278 batting average and 156 hits in 150 games. He led the Cardinals with 21 stolen bases, and his 76 RBI were the second most by a Cardinals' shortstop (in 1921 Doc Lavan had 82). His 76 RBI were also second only to Jim Edmonds's 108 that season, and he led the team with 32 doubles. He also won the National League's Silver Slugger Award for a shortstop. The Cardinals made the playoffs and swept the Atlanta Braves in the NLDS, but they were defeated in five games by the New York Mets in the NLCS.", "On April 4, 2001, Rentería went three-for-five and hit a 432-foot home run off Denny Neagle in a 13–9 loss to Colorado at Coors Field. On April 18, he walked and scored the winning run on a wild pitch by Randy Johnson in a 3–1 victory over the Arizona Diamondbacks. He had a pinch hit single on May 10 against Pittsburgh that provided the winning run in an 11–5 victory. His RBI single off John Rocker of Cleveland on July 8 gave the Cardinals a 4–3 victory. However, his batting average was only .226 by July 26. Rentería batted .299 in his last fifty–eight games, though, to raise his batting average to .260 by the end of the season. During those games, Rentería had a ten-game hitting streak from August 8 to 17. Rentería finished the season with seventeen stolen bases, which led the Cardinals. In Game 3 of the 2001 NLDS, Rentería hit his first playoff home run, off Brian Anderson of Arizona, in a 5–3 loss. However, the Diamondbacks defeated the Cardinals in five games on their way to winning the World Series.", "Rentería enjoyed a better season in 2002. On April 10, he had three hits (including a game-tying single in the ninth inning) in a 6–5 win over Milwaukee. On May 6, he hit his first home run since August 20 of the previous year in a 6–5 loss to the Cubs. Four days later, he hit a game–winning home run off Cincinnati's closer Danny Graves in a 4–2 victory. On June 27, he hit his nineteenth double, which tied his 2001 season total. He got his one thousandth hit on July 26 off Jon Lieber of the Cubs in an 8–4 victory. Two nights later against the Cubs, he hit a three–run game–winning home run to cap off a six–run ninth inning by the Cardinals that won the game 10–9. Two nights after that, he hit two home runs in a 5–0 victory over the Marlins. On August 18, he hit his first career grand slam to lift the Cardinals to a 5–1 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies. He hit another grand slam on September 4 and had a career–high five RBI in a 10–5 victory over Cincinnati. He finished the season with a .305 batting average and 166 hits, and he won his second Silver Slugger Award. He also won his first Gold Glove Award, and he became the first Cardinals' shortstop to win a Gold Glove Award since Hall of Famer Ozzie Smith won one in 1992. Rentería only batted .194 in the playoffs, but the Cardinals made it all the way to the NLCS, where they were beaten by San Francisco in five games.", "On April 13, 2003, Rentería hit two home runs and had five RBI in an 11–8 victory over Houston. He had four RBI on April 29, in a 13–3 victory over the New York Mets. He got five hits in a game for the first time on June 12, in an 8–7 victory over the Boston Red Sox. The next day, Roger Clemens of the New York Yankees struck out Rentería for his four thousandth strikeout on the way to winning his three hundredth game as the Yankees beat the Cardinals 5–2. Rentería was selected to the All–Star Game after he had a .331 batting average by the break, and he became the first Cardinals' player since Delino DeShields in 1997 to have twenty stolen bases before the All–Star break. On September 18, he had four hits and five RBI in a 13–0 win over Milwaukee. He won his second Player of the Week Award after he had twelve runs batted in from September 15 to 21. On September 27, the final game of the season, Rentería became the first NL shortstop since Hubie Brooks in 1985 (and the first Cardinals' shortstop) to have one hundred RBI in a season when he had the game–winning RBI in a 3–2 win over Arizona. He finished the year fourth in the NL in stolen bases (34) and batting average (a career-high .330), and he won a Silver Slugger Award after setting career highs in hits (194) and doubles (47, which set a Cardinal single-season record for doubles by a shortstop, besting Dick Groat's 43 in 1963). He also won a Gold Glove Award, and he became the first Cardinals' shortstop to win Silver Slugger Awards and Gold Glove Awards in back-to-back years.", "On April 10, 2004, Rentería had four hits in a 10–2 victory over Arizona. On June 9, against Mark Prior, he hit his third career grand slam in a 12–4 victory over the Cubs. He had a ten-game hitting streak, his best of the year, from June 22 to July 3. During the streak, on June 26 against the Kansas City Royals, his RBI single in the tenth inning gave the Cardinals a 3–1 victory. Also, on July 2, he scored four runs in an 11–2 victory over the Seattle Mariners. He was one of three Cardinals selected to the All–Star Game. He had four hits again on July 15 in a 7–2 win over Cincinnati. On August 8, he had five hits in a 6–2 win over the Mets. He had five RBI on August 22 in an 11–4 victory over Pittsburgh. Rentería finished the year with a .287 batting average, and he had ten home runs, 72 RBI, and 84 runs. The Cardinals made the World Series that year, but they were swept by Boston. Rentería was the final batter of a World Series for the second time in his career, when he grounded out against Keith Foulke to end Game 4 as the Red Sox won their first World Series in 86 years. However, he was one of only three Cardinals position players to bat above .250 in the Series as he batted .333. Following the year, he became a free agent.", "On December 19, 2004, the Boston Red Sox signed Rentería to a four-year, $40 million contract with an option for 2009 to replace free agent Orlando Cabrera at shortstop. On April 14, 2005, he hit his first home run with the Red Sox off Randy Johnson of the Yankees. His double in the eighth inning of that game was the game winner in an 8–5 victory for Boston. From May 26 to 29, he had four straight games with at least three hits, the longest streak since George Brett had six (the record) in 1976. During that stretch, on May 28, 2005, he went three for three with a grand slam and five RBI in a 17–1 victory over the Yankees. The next day, he had four hits, including a home run, in a 7–2 victory over New York. For his efforts that week, he won his third career Player of the Week Award. He set a new career high for hits in a month when he had forty hits in August, second in the major leagues. He had a game-winning single on September 24, 2005 off B. J. Ryan of the Baltimore Orioles in a 4–3 victory. The win moved the Red Sox into a tie with the Yankees for the AL East lead. He scored one hundred runs in a season for the first time when he scored both runs in a 7–2 loss to Toronto on September 28. He finished the year with a .276 batting average and 172 hits. He struggled defensively, though, as he led the major leagues with a career-high 30 errors, and Red Sox fans soon began booing him after he only batted .228 in April. Renteria batted only .231 in the 2005 ALDS as the Red Sox would lose the division series to the Chicago White Sox in just three games. The Red Sox were also disappointed with his performance, and on December 8 he was traded to the Atlanta Braves for prospect Andy Marte.", "Rentería started 2006 with a 23-game hitting streak (counting the final game of 2005, it was 24 games). The 23-game streak in 2006 was the second longest that year and the longest to open the season since Ron LeFlore started 1976 with a thirty-game streak. He missed nine games after straining his rib cage on April 15 against San Diego, but he was not placed on the disabled list. On May 8, he had four hits and hit two home runs for the first time since 2003 in a 13–12 win over the Cubs. On July 3, he hit his one hundredth career home run off Anthony Reyes in a 6–3 victory over St. Louis. He was selected to the 2006 All-Star Game after he batted .318 with nine home runs in the first half of the season. On August 17, he had his first hit in 24 at-bats in a 5–0 win over the Washington Nationals. He finished the year with a .293 batting average, fourteen home runs, and seventy RBI. His defense also flourished, as he only committed thirteen errors.\nOn Opening Day (April 2) in 2007, Rentería hit two home runs (including the game-winning one in the tenth) in a 5–3 victory over Philadelphia. He became the third Atlanta Brave to hit two home runs on Opening Day, joining Fred McGriff and Joe Torre. From April 20 to May 12, he had an eighteen-game hitting streak, which was the longest by a Brave in 2007. During the streak, he had four hits for the twentieth time in his career on April 27 in a 9–7 victory over Colorado. On May 15, he hit two home runs in a 6–2 win over the Nationals. He had four hits on May 30 in a 9–3 win over the Brewers. He had five hits for the first time since 2004 on June 16 in a 6–2 victory over the Indians. On August 3, he was placed on the disabled list for the first time since 1998 after he sprained his ankle the previous day. Rentería returned on August 22, but he returned to the DL a day later when he reinjured his ankle after facing only one pitch. He was activated again on September 7, and he returned to the Braves' lineup the next day. He finished the year with a .332 batting average (tied for third in the NL and a new career high), twelve home runs, and 57 RBI. He was one of only four major league shortstops in 2007 to bat over .300 with over ten home runs and fifty RBI (the others were Derek Jeter, Hanley Ramírez, and Miguel Tejada). However, because of the emergence of shortstop prospect Yunel Escobar, Rentería was traded to the Detroit Tigers on October 29 for Jair Jurrjens and Gorkys Hernández.", "On April 16, 2008, Rentería hit his fifth career grand slam and had five RBI in a 13–2 victory over the Indians. He had four hits on April 22 in a 10–2 win over the Rangers. He had four hits again and five RBI in a 12–8 victory over Seattle on May 20. He hit his sixth career grand slam on June 7 in an 8–4 victory over the Indians. On June 17, he had his two thousandth hit (off Jonathan Sánchez) in a 5–1 victory over San Francisco. He finished the year with a .270 batting average, 136 hits, and ten home runs. After the season, the Tigers declined his option on October 30, and they chose not to offer arbitration on December 1, which made him a free agent.", "", "On December 4, 2008, Rentería signed a two-year, $18.5 million deal with the San Francisco Giants with an option for 2011. He had five RBIs and became the first player to hit a grand slam off Jake Peavy in an 8–3 victory over San Diego on April 21, 2009. On April 29, he had four hits in a 9–4 victory over the Dodgers. He tied an eventual 7–4 loss to the Mets on May 14 with a single in the eighth inning, but he strained a hamstring advancing to first base and had to leave the game with an injury. He missed six games with the injury before he returned to the lineup on May 22. From May 8 through June 6, despite batting only .250, he reached base safely in twenty straight games. He had a game-winning grand slam on August 30, which gave the Giants a 9–5 win over Colorado. He missed nineteen of the final twenty games of the season with biceps tendonitis and a sprained AC joint, and on September 26 he had surgery to remove bone spurs and chips from his right elbow. Dealing with injuries all year, Rentería finished the season with a career-low .250 batting average and only 115 hits and 48 RBI.", "On April 7, 2010, Rentería had five hits (in five at-bats) in a 10–4 victory over Houston. He started the season well, as he was batting .320 through April 30. However, on April 30, he was forced to leave a game against Colorado after two innings with an injured groin. After missing four games, he returned to the lineup on May 6, but he left that game after two innings when he reinjured the groin. He was placed on the disabled list the next day. He was activated from the DL on May 22, but, after three games, he strained a hamstring on May 25 and was placed on the disabled list again the next day. He returned to the Giants on June 19. However, he returned to the disabled list on August 11 with a biceps injury received the previous night. He returned to the Giants on September 1, but Giants' manager Bruce Bochy announced that Juan Uribe, who had been playing well while substituting for Rentería at short, would remain the starting shortstop, which made Rentería a reserve player. He had four hits on September 16, in a 10–2 win over the Dodgers. On September 23, with the Giants trailing San Diego in the NL West, Rentería delivered a speech during a team meeting in which he told his teammates it could be his last year, and he wanted the Giants to make the playoffs. The Giants managed to overtake San Diego, and they did make the playoffs. Rentería finished the year with career-lows in games (72), hits (67), home runs (three, tied with his 1998 total), and RBI (22). During the season, he also began contemplating retirement.", "In the 2010 NLCS against Philadelphia, Rentería reclaimed a starting role when he started four games (the Giants benched third baseman Pablo Sandoval and shifted Uribe to third base). He only had one hit in the series, but he scored the winning run in the Giants' 3–0 victory in Game 3, and he retained the starting job in the World Series. In Game 2 of the series, against the Texas Rangers, he broke a scoreless tie in the fifth inning when he homered off C. J. Wilson to give the Giants a 1–0 lead. He later added a two-run single in the eighth inning as the Giants won 9–0. Before Game 5, with the Giants leading the series 3–1, Rentería joked with teammate Andrés Torres that he was going to hit a home run. In the seventh inning, with runners at second and third, two outs, and no score, Rentería hit a three-run home run off Rangers' pitcher Cliff Lee that won the series for the Giants. The feat made him only the fourth player to have two series-winning hits in history, along with Yogi Berra, Joe DiMaggio, and Lou Gehrig. For his contributions, he was named the 2010 World Series Most Valuable Player, making him the first player from Colombia to achieve this feat. The Giants declined his option on November 5, but Rentería did announce that he planned to play in 2011. The Giants did offer him a one-year, $1 million contract as a utility player, but Rentería declined.", "", "On January 7, 2011, Rentería signed a one-year contract with the Cincinnati Reds worth $2.1 million plus another $900,000 in performance bonuses. He began the season as a utility player, since Paul Janish began the year at shortstop. Through 2011, he led all active major league shortstops in career errors, with 272.\nIn 2012, he received interest and offers from multiple teams, including the Milwaukee Brewers, but teams were told that he \"intends to remain retired.\"", "On March 22, 2013, Rentería formally retired from Major League Baseball.", "In 2,152 games over 16 seasons, Rentería posted a .286 batting average (2,327-for-8,142) with 1,200 runs, 436 doubles, 29 triples, 140 home runs, 923 RBI, 294 stolen bases, 718 bases on balls, .343 on-base percentage and .398 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .970 fielding percentage. In 66 postseason games, he hit .252 (61-for-242) with 37 runs, 12 doubles, 3 home runs, 23 RBI, 9 stolen bases and 24 walks.", "Delivered the game-winning single off Charles Nagy in the bottom of the eleventh inning in Game 7 of the 1997 World Series.\nFive-time All-Star (1998, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2006)\nTwo-time Gold Glove Award winner (2002–03)\nThree-time Silver Slugger Award winner for shortstop (2000, 2002–03)\nHad a 24-game hitting streak spanning the last game of 2005 and his first 23 games of 2006.\nHad his two thousandth career hit on June 18, 2008, off Jonathan Sánchez of the San Francisco Giants.\nNamed the 2010 World Series MVP after hitting game-winning home runs in Games 2 and 5 of the series. He is the fourth player to have multiple World Series-winning hits, along with Yogi Berra, Joe DiMaggio, and Lou Gehrig.", "Rentería has two brothers, Edinson and Evert, who played minor league baseball. In 1998, Edgar and his brother Edinson created Team Rentería to help Colombian baseball by giving professional instruction to Colombian professional baseball players and holding youth clinics for amateurs. In 1999, Team Rentería founded the Colombian Professional Baseball League. The league is still in existence today, although the 2010–11 season was cancelled due to harsh weather. In 1997, Colombian president Ernesto Samper presented Rentería with Colombia's highest honor, the \"San Carlos Cross of the Order of the Great Knight.\"", "List of Gold Glove Award winners at shortstop\nList of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders\nList of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders", "Castrovince, Anthony (November 2, 2010). \"Edgar Rings-eria! Series MVP is clutch again\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on March 9, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2011.\n\"Edgar Renteria\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. 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Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2011.\n\"Florida Marlins 5, Montreal Expos 2\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2011.\n\"Montreal Expos 3, Florida Marlins 2\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2011.\n\"Pittsburgh Pirates 5, Florida Marlins 3\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2011.\nKruth, Cash (July 29, 2010). \"Torres delivers in clutch for Giants\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2011.\n\"1996 NL Rookie of the Year Voting\". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2011.\n\"Florida Marlins 4, Cincinnati Reds 3\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2011.\n\"Florida Marlins 4, Los Angeles Dodgers 3\". Retrosheet. 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Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2011.\n\"Florida Marlins 5, Toronto Blue Jays 4\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2011.\nNobles, Charlie (June 15, 1998). \"BASEBALL; The Bullpen Squanders Nomo's Gem\". New York Times. Archived from the original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2011.\n\"Florida Marlins 8, Montreal Expos 7\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2011.\n\"San Francisco Giants 7, Florida Marlins 4\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2011.\n\"Edgar Renteria\". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 9, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 5, Los Angeles Dodgers 4\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 8, Los Angeles Dodgers 3\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 5, Florida Marlins 2\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 8, Detroit Tigers 7\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2011.\n\"The 1999 STL N Regular Season Batting Log for Edgar Renteria\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2011.\n\"San Francisco Giants 5, St. Louis Cardinals 4\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 8, Florida Marlins 1\". Retrosheet. Retrieved February 24, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 13, Milwaukee Brewers 9\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 11, Pittsburgh Pirates 5\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2011.\n\"The 2000 STL N Regular Season Batting Log for Edgar Renteria\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 10, Houston Astros 6\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2011.\n\"Colorado Rockies 14, St. Louis Cardinals 13 (2)\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2011.\n\"Florida Marlins 3, St. Louis Cardinals 1\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 4, Montreal Expos 2\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2011.\n\"Louisville Slugger Silver Slugger Awards\". Louisville Slugger. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2011.\n\"Colorado Rockies 13, St. Louis Cardinals 9\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 3, Arizona Diamondbacks 1\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 11, Pittsburgh Pirates 5\". Retrosheet. Retrieved January 14, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 4, Cleveland Indians 3\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2011.\n\"Arizona Diamondbacks 5, St. Louis Cardinals 3\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 6, Milwaukee Brewers 5\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2011.\n\"Chicago Cubs 6, St. Louis Cardinals 5\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2011.\nSchmetzer, Mark (May 10, 2002). \"Renteria gives Cards a lift\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2011.\n\"Milwaukee Brewers 7, St. Louis Cardinals 2\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2011.\nHoffman, Jared (July 26, 2002). \"Finley wins with Cards over Cubs\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2011.\nHoffman, Jared (July 28, 2002). \"Cardinals stun Cubs in ninth\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2011.\nFrisaro, Joe (July 30, 2002). \"Cards use homers to beat Marlins\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2011.\nMandel, Ken (August 18, 2002). \"Renteria's slam decks Phillies\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (September 4, 2002). \"Down 5–0, Cards defeat Reds\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (November 5, 2002). \"Renteria, Rolen win Sliver Sluggers\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew and Jared Hoffman (November 13, 2003). \"Four Cardinals win Gold Gloves\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 11, Houston Astros 8\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 13, New York Mets 3\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 8, Boston Red Sox 7\". Retrosheet. Retrieved February 26, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (June 13, 2003). \"Clemens hits milestones vs. Cards\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2011.\n\"The 2003 STL N Regular Season Batting Log for Edgar Renteria\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (September 18, 2003). \"Woody and Cards blank Brewers\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (September 27, 2003). \"Renteria reaches milestone in win\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (October 29, 2003). \"Pujols, Renteria win Silver Sluggers\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (November 5, 2003). \"Four Cards take Gold on defense\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 10, Arizona Diamondbacks 2\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (June 9, 2004). \"Renteria's slam powers Cardinals\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2011.\nFalkoff, Robert (June 26, 2004). \"Cards use brains to beat Royals\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2011.\n\"St. Louis Cardinals 11, Seattle Mariners 2\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (July 4, 2004). \"Renteria gives Cards three of a kind\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2011.\nWallner, Jeff (July 15, 2004). \"Pujols powers Cards past Reds\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 2, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (August 8, 2004). \"Renteria helps Cards finish sweep\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2011.\nLeach, Matthew (August 22, 2004). \"Edgar powers streak to four\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2011.\n\"Renteria agrees to four-year deal with champs\". ESPN.com. Associated Press. December 16, 2004. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2008.\nBrowne, Ian (December 17, 2004). \"Sox, Renteria make deal official\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2011.\nBrowne, Ian (April 15, 2005). \"Renteria has his breakout with Red Sox\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.\nBrowne, Ian (May 28, 2005). \"Record rout gets Sox off Matt\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.\nBrowne, Ian (May 30, 2005). \"Boomtown revival in New York\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.\nBrowne, Ian (September 24, 2005). \"Renteria lifts Sox into AL East tie\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.\n\"The 2005 BOS A Regular Season Batting Log for Edgar Renteria\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (December 12, 2005). \"Renteria takes over at shortstop\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (December 8, 2005). \"Braves make splash in Dallas\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (April 28, 2006). \"Notes: Renteria back in lineup\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (May 28, 2006). \"Record day for Braves in sweep of Cubs\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (July 4, 2006). \"Braves sensing momentum shift\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (July 10, 2006). \"Renteria returns to All-Star form\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2011.\nWalsh, Michael (August 17, 2006). \"Braves blank Nats in finale\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (April 2, 2007). \"Renteria the hero for Braves in opener\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2011.\n\"Braves 9, Rockies 7\". MLB.com. April 27, 2007. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (May 15, 2007). \"Hudson tosses another gem, beats Nats\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2011.\nRadcliffe, J. R. (May 30, 2007). \"Big rally helps Braves back Hudson\". MLB.com. Retrieved March 9, 2011.\n\"Braves 6, Indians 2\". MLB.com. June 16, 2007. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (August 3, 2007). \"Braves place Renteria on DL\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (August 22, 2007). \"Renteria re-injures ankle in first at-bat\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (August 23, 2007). \"Notes: Renteria returns to 15-day DL\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.\nLutz, Jeff (September 9, 2007). \"Notes: Renteria's wheel of steel\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.\nBowman, Mark (October 29, 2007). \"Braves get two prospects for Renteria\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.\nBeck, Jason (April 17, 2008). \"Tigers show their stripes in Cleveland\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.\nBeck, Jason (April 23, 2008). \"Homer-happy Tigers cruise to win\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.\nBeck, Jason (May 21, 2008). \"Tigers' bats awaken, maul Mariners\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.\nMcNeish, Scott (June 7, 2008). \"Thames, Renteria homer in big eighth\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2011.\nBeck, Jason (June 18, 2008). \"Raburn, Thames notch big homers\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2011.\nBeck, Jason (October 30, 2008). \"Tigers buy out Renteria's option\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2008.\nCastrovince, Anthony (December 1, 2008). \"Tigers won't take risk with Renteria\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2011.\nHaft, Chris (December 4, 2008). \"Giants sign Renteria to two-year deal\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2011.\nHaft, Chris (April 22, 2009). \"Giants win behind Renteria's outburst\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2011.\nHaft, Chris (April 30, 2009). \"Giants coast behind Lincecum\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.\nHaft, Chris (May 15, 2009). \"Ninth-inning runs burn Wilson, Giants\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.\nHaft, Chris (August 30, 2009). \"Giants slam their way to Wild Card tie\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 15, 2011.\nHaft, Chris (September 27, 2009). \"Surgery shows Renteria's fortitude\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.\nHaft, Chris (April 7, 2010). \"Giants complete sweep of Astros\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2011.\n\"The 2010 SF N Regular Season Batting Log for Edgar Renteria\". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. 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Retrieved April 1, 2011.\n\"Active Leaders &Records for Errors Committed as SS - Baseball-Reference.com\". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 7, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.\n\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.\nSimon, Andrew (March 21, 2013). \"Former World Series MVP Renteria retires\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.\n\"History and Background\". Team Renteria. Archived from the original on August 30, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2011.\nVillalobos, José David (December 8, 2010). \"Colombian Professional Baseball League 2010–2011 cancelled\". Team Renteria. Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved March 27, 2011.\n\"Edgar Renteria: Postseason Players\". MLB.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2011.", "Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors)\nColombian Professional League \"teamrenteria\"" ]

[ "Édgar Rentería", "Early years", "Playing career", "Minor leagues", "Florida Marlins (1996-1998)", "1996", "1997", "1998", "St. Louis Cardinals (1999-2004)", "1999", "2000", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004", "Boston Red Sox (2005)", "Atlanta Braves (2006-2007)", "Detroit Tigers (2008)", "San Francisco Giants (2009-2010)", "2009", "2010", "2010 postseason", "Cincinnati Reds (2011)", "2011", "Retirement", "Career Statistics", "Accomplishments", "Personal life", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3470, 3471, 3472, 3473, 3474, 3475 ]

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[ "Sosa playing for Louisville in 2007" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/EdgarSosa_%28cropped%29.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Sosa (born January 15, 1988) is a Dominican-American professional basketball player for Zamalek of the Egyptian Basketball Super League. He played college basketball for Louisville.", "Sosa attended Rice High School in New York City, where he received all-American honors.\nAs a freshman at Louisville playing with Derrick Caracter, Earl Clark and Jerry Smith, the young group struggled early in the 2006–07 season. The team went on to win 8 out of its last 10 games, earning a bid to the NCAA Tournament. In the second round of the NCAA Tournament against Texas A&M, Sosa scored 31 points, shooting 15 for 17 from the line and 7 for 9 from the field. He also shot 15 for 15 on free throws to start the game, but missed his final two, as Texas A&M won the game.\nIn his four-year career at Louisville, Sosa played 140 games and averaged 9.7 points per game.", "On July 23, 2010, Sosa signed a one-year deal with Italian Serie A team Angelico Biella. In June 2011, he parted ways with Biella.\nOn July 3, 2011, Sosa signed a one-year deal with Sutor Basket Montegranaro. However, after breaking his leg playing for the Dominican Republic at the 2011 FIBA Americas Championship in September, he was ruled out for six months. Sosa was subsequently replaced on Montegranaro's roster by Ben Uzoh.\nIn June 2012, Sosa joined Dominican team Reales de La Vega.\nIn January 2013, Sosa joined Blancos de Rueda Valladolid on a one-month contract. He later played in Puerto Rico for Cangrejeros de Santurce and in his home country for Leones de Santo Domingo.\nOn September 30, 2013, Sosa signed with ratiopharm Ulm of the German Basketball Bundesliga for the 2013–14 season.\nOn July 7, 2014, Sosa signed with Italian team Dinamo Sassari for the 2014–15 season.\nOn September 25, 2015, Sosa signed with the Atlanta Hawks. He was waived by the Hawks on October 10, 2015 after appearing in one preseason game. Later that month, he signed with Iranian team Petrochimi Bandar Imam. On April 16, 2016, a day after winning the Iranian Super League title with Petrochimi, Sosa signed with Israeli team Hapoel Jerusalem for the rest of the season.\nOn August 11, 2016, Sosa signed with Italian team Juvecaserta Basket for the 2016–17 season. On March 15, 2017, he parted ways with Juvecaserta after averaging 19.4 points, 2.8 rebounds and 5.9 assists per game in the Serie A. Three days later, he signed with Sporting Al Riyadi Beirut of the Lebanese Basketball League.\nOn July 26, 2017, Sosa signed with the New Zealand Breakers for the 2017–18 NBL season. On March 14, 2018, he signed with Reyer Venezia Mestre of the Lega Basket Serie A.\nOn June 8, 2018, Sosa signed with BCM Gravelines-Dunkerque of the French LNB Pro A. In 18 games played during the 2018–19 season, he averaged 13.2 points and 5.2 assists per game.\nOn August 24, 2019, Sosa returned to Israel for a second stint, signing with Hapoel Gilboa Galil for the 2019–20 season. On January 12, 2020, Sosa recorded a season-high 38 points, while shooting 6-of-10 from three-point range, along with four rebounds and four assists in a 98–93 win over his former team Hapoel Jerusalem. He was subsequently named Israeli League Round 15 MVP.\nOn July 26, 2020, he signed with Boulazac Basket Dordogne of LNB Pro A.\nOn February 16, 2021, he signed with Rasta Vechta of the Basketball Bundesliga. Sosa averaged 16.5 points, 3.4 assists, and 2.0 rebounds per game. \nOn September 2, he signed with Zamalek of the Egyptian Basketball Super League. On May 28, he was named to the All-BAL First Team of the 2022 season, helping Zamalek to a third place with a team leading 18.5 points per game.", "Sosa made his debut for the Dominican national team in 2011. In 2014, he represented the Dominican Republic at the FIBA Basketball World Cup in Spain.", "", "", "2006 boys high school basketball All-Americans", "\"Edgar Sosa Stats\". Sports-Reference.com. Retrieved September 26, 2015.\n\"Angelico Biella signs Goran Suton and Edgar Sosa\". Sportando.com. July 23, 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Edgar Sosa will leave Biella\". Sportando.com. June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Sutor Montegranaro announced Edgar Sosa\". Sportando.com. July 3, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Edgar Sosa broke his leg in FIBA Americas Championship\". Sportando.com. September 5, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Edgar Sosa to undergo surgery today, will be out at least six months\". Sportando.com. September 5, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Fabi Shoes Montegranaro announces Ben Uzoh\". Sportando.com. September 19, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\nSanchez, Odalis (June 13, 2012). \"Saldívar: Edgar Sosa jugará con Reales en la LNB\". elnacional.com.do (in Spanish). Retrieved July 26, 2017.\nGuerrero, Mario Emilio (June 25, 2012). \"LNB - EDGAR SOSA SE COMPROMETE A JUGAR CON LOS REALES DE LA VEGA\". dominicanosenbasket.com (in Spanish). Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Edgar Sosa player profile\". ShamSports.com. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Ratiopharm Ulm sign Edgar Sosa\". Sportando.com. September 30, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Dinamo Sassari lands Edgar Sosa\". Sportando.com. July 7, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Hawks Finalize Training Camp Roster\". NBA.com. September 25, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2015.\nVivlamore, Chris (October 10, 2015). \"Hawks waive Sosa, Kazemi\". MyAJC.com. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Edgar Sosa agrees to a deal with Petrochimi\". Sportando.com. October 19, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Edgar Sosa signs with Hapoel Jerusalem\". Sportando.com. April 16, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Edgar Sosa signs with JuveCaserta Basket\". Sportando.com. August 11, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2016.\n\"Edgar Sosa, Juvecaserta part ways\". Sportando.com. March 15, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017.\n\"Edgar Sosa officially signs with Riyadi\". Sportando.com. March 18, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2017.\n\"SKYCITY BREAKERS ANNOUNCE GREAT NEWS ON AND OFF COURT\". NZBreakers.co.nz. July 26, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.\n\"Reyer Venezia signs Edgar Sosa\". sportando.basketball. March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.\n\"Gravelines-Dunkerque signs Edgar Sosa\". Sportando.basketball. June 8, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2019.\n\"Edgar Sosa signs with Gilboa Galil\". Sportando.basketball. August 24, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2019.\n\"Winner League, Game 15: Gilboa Galil Vs Hapoel J-M\". basket.co.il. January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.\n\"מצטיין המחזור ה-15: אדגר סוסה\". basket.co.il (in Hebrew). January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.\n\"Edgar Sosa (ex Galil Gilboa) is a second import added to the roster of Boulazac\". Eurobasket. July 26, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.\n\"Rasta Vechta announces Edgar Sosa\". Sportando. February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.\n\"Al Zamalek signs Edgar Sosa\". Latinbasket. September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n\"Edgar Sosa's profile\". FIBA.com. Retrieved July 26, 2017.", "Édgar Sosa at euroleague.net\nÉdgar Sosa at fiba.com\nÉdgar Sosa at gocards.com\n\"Edgar Sosa puts Breakers ahead of Dominican Republic's World Cup qualifiers\" at stuff.co.nz" ]

[ "Édgar Sosa (basketball)", "High school and college career", "Professional career", "National team career", "Career statistics", "EuroLeague", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3476 ]

[ 16839, 16840, 16841, 16842, 16843, 16844, 16845, 16846, 16847, 16848, 16849, 16850, 16851, 16852, 16853, 16854, 16855 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Edgar_Sosa_%28boxer%29.jpg" ]

[ "Édgar Alejandro Sosa Medina (born 23 August 1979) is a Mexican professional boxer. He is the former WBC Light flyweight champion and went on to make ten title defenses.", "Sosa suffered losses in the early part of his career, the first one came against another future Mexican light flyweight champion Ulises Solís. He faced off against Solis in a rematch in 2003 but lost once again. Sosa would then score fourteen straight victories including a win over future light flyweight champion Gilberto Keb Baas and former two time minimum weight champion Noel Arambulet.", "On April 14, 2007, Sosa won the WBC Light Flyweight Championship by besting former champion Brian Viloria by unanimous decision. Sosa went on to successfully defend his title ten times.\nIn April 2009, he also got a 4th-round technical knockout victory over Porsawan Popramook.", "On November 21, 2009, Sosa lost his title to Rodel Mayol. In the second round, Sosa was badly hurt by a headbutt from Mayol, sending Sosa to the canvas and causing him to sustain an injury which was later determined to be a triple-fracture. The referee ruled the headbutt as an unintentional foul and deducted a point from Mayol. After the ringside doctor inspected the wound, the referee allowed the fight to continue despite Sosa still being groggy from the injury. When the action resumed, Sosa was dropped and the referee waved it off moments later. Sosa, who required a metal plate to be implanted on his cheekbone due to multiple fractures, filed a protest with the WBC to have the decision changed to a \"no contest\".\nDue to the controversial nature of his defeat the WBC have declared Sosa a \"champion emeritus\" and he is entitled to either a rematch with Mayol, or a fight with flyweight champion Pongsaklek Wonjongkam, once Sosa has recovered from his injuries. Sosa had discussed moving up in weight before his controversial loss.", "List of WBC world champions\nList of Mexican boxing world champions", "seattlepi.nwsource.com, Sosa retains WBC light flyweight title\nEdgar Sosa Will Protest TKO Loss To Rodel Mayol – Boxing News. Boxingscene.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-18.\nPacquiao fighter Mayol stops Sosa, wins title – Sports – GMA News Online – Latest Philippine News. Gmanews.tv. Retrieved on 2011-10-18.\nBoxing – Controversy over Mayol win. Fightnews.com (2009-11-22). Retrieved on 2011-10-18.\nÉdgar Sosa recibe alta médica definitiva (Translation Edgar Sosa received final discharge. Translate.google.com) Retrieved on 2011-10-18.", "Official website\nBoxing record for Edgar Sosa from BoxRec (registration required)" ]

[ "Édgar Sosa (boxer)", "Professional career", "WBC Light Flyweight Championship", "Controversial title defense", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3477 ]

[ 16856, 16857, 16858, 16859, 16860, 16861 ]

[ "Vicedo Estudiantes VS Unicaja Málaga", "" ]

[ 0, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Estudiantes_vs_Unicaja_M%C3%A1laga_-_Edgar_Vicedo_-_01.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" ]

[ "Édgar Vicedo Ayala (born 24 August 1994) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Obradoiro CAB of the Liga ACB.", "After playing in the youth teams of Estudiantes, Vicedo made his debut in the Liga ACB in the first matchday of the 2012–13 season, where his club won by 101–86 to CB Canarias.\nIn February 2014, he was loaned to Peñas Huesca of the LEB Oro league until the end of the 2013–14 season. In Summer 2014, Vicedo was loaned again to Peñas, where he became the MVP of the round 21.\nAfter 2014-15 season, his loan finished and he returned to Estudiantes.\nOn 15 October 2021 Vicedo signed with Fuenlabrada of the Liga ACB. In six games, he averaged three points and 1.7 rebounds per game. On 2 December Vicedo signed with Obradoiro CAB.", "Estudiantes–Canarias boxscore\nJ.21: Edgar Vicedo, el estudiante “empollón” del MVP; Adecco Oro, 16 February 2015 (in Spanish)\n\"Edgar Vicedo signs at Fuenlabrada\". Eurobasket. October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.\n\"Obradoiro signs Edgar Vicedo\". Eurobasket. December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.", "ACB.com profile\nFEB.es profile" ]

[ "Édgar Vicedo", "Career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3478 ]

[ 16862, 16863, 16864 ]

[ "At the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City in the \"Requiem for Agustin Lara\"" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/%C3%89dgar_Viviar_02.JPG" ]

[ "Édgar Ángel Vivar Villanueva (born 28 December 1944) is a Mexican actor, and comedian. He is remembered as \"Señor Barriga\" and his son \"Ñoño\" from El Chavo del Ocho, and as \"El Botija\" from Los Caquitos and Chespirito. His other notable role is in a Mexico telenovela, Amarte así as Don Pedro, a lonely man who work as a cashier in the restaurant of his stepson El Frijol.", "The son of engineer Ángel Vivar and Celia Villanueva Falconi, Edgar started his acting career in 1964 as a theater actor. He toured the United States with some of his plays. This gave him vast experience in the acting field. In 1970, Chespirito needed a robust person to play \"Señor Barriga\" (\"Mr. Beliarge\" in Spanish) as well as Ñoño in his upcoming Televisa production of El Chavo del 8, and Vivar was hired for the job.\nBoth shows became major international hits, allowing Vivar to become known beyond Mexico and to tour all over Latin America, Spain and, once again, the United States. He also made an attempt at becoming a telenovela actor, participating in his co-star Florinda Meza's production, Alguna vez Tendremos Alas (Someday, we will have wings).\nHis weight caused him serious heart related trouble after the half-hour Chespirito productions were over in 1980 (it is believed that his temporary absence from the show may have been weight-related, and was explained that his character, el Botija, had gone to a weight loss clinic.) In 1992, he left the hour-long Chespirito program briefly for therapy at a weight-loss clinic. He lost a great amount of weight, which helped save his life. He kept touring the countries where Chespirito shows were kept on television as re-runs after the show was over.\nIn 2006, Vivar appeared in the movie Bandidas as a bank manager.\nHe also co-starred in a telenovela made in Argentina, Amarte Así, that became a major success in South America, Spain, and USA. Recently he had a role in the most recent production of Guillermo del Toro El Orfanato, filmed in Spain and released in October 2007. The same year, he voiced Auguste Gusteau in the Latin-American version of Disney-Pixar's Ratatouille. He later voiced Dug in Up\nIn 2008, Vivar underwent gastric bypass surgery at a clinic in Colombia, and has lost approximately 165 pounds. Following his surgery, he has become an advocate for healthy living, particularly for overcoming obesity.\nFollowing his weight loss surgery, Vivar retired all of his Chespirito characters, stating that because of his weight loss, they were no longer appropriate. He would, however, reprise the voices of Señor Barriga and his son Ñoño for an episode of the animated Chavo, the only castmember from the original series to do so.", "1970: Chespirito, Mexican television series (Sr. Barriga, Ñoño, Botija).\n1973: El Chapulín Colorado, Mexican television series (Sr. Barriga, Ñoño, Botija).\n1973: El Chavo del 8, Mexican television series (Sr. Barriga, Ñoño, Botija).\n1974: Mundo de juguete, Mexican telenovela written by Argentinian Abel Santa Cruz (1915–1995).\n1979: El Chanfle, film by Roberto Gómez Bolaños, with all the characters from El Chavo (Dr. Nájera).\n1982: El Chanfle II, sequel to previous film (Dr. Nájera).\n1983: Don Ratón y Don Ratero, Mexican movie by Roberto Gómez Bolaños.\n1983: El más valiente del mundo, Mexican adventure film.\n1984: Frankenstein's Great Aunt Tillie, American comedy film (Feldwebel Erstarren).\n1987: Escuadrón sida, Mexican comedy film with Ramón Aguirre.\n1988: Musica de viento, dramatic comedy film by Roberto Gómez Bolaños.\n1990: Final episode of Chespirito (Sr. Barriga, Ñoño, Botija).\n1992: Gordo, Mexican comedy short (19 min.) by Enrique Arroyo (Gordo).\n1997: Alguna vez tendremos alas, Mexican telenovela (Sebastián Medina).\n1998: ¿Qué nos pasa?, television satire series (two episodios).\n1998: Navidad fabuloja, 30 minute television program (Rey mago).\n2000: No contaban con mi astucia, Mexican television program (Édgar Vivar).\n2002: De pe a pa, Mexican television series (Édgar Vivar).\n2004: El show del vampiro, Mexican short animation (voz del vampiro Max).\n2005: Amarte así, Mexican telenovela (Don Pedro).\n2005: Aplausos, Mexican television series (Édgar Vivar).\n2005: Chespirito: 35 años en el corazón de México, Mexican television program (Édgar Vivar).\n2006: Bandidas, film with Salma Hayek and Penélope Cruz (bank manager).\n2007: El orfanato, film by J. Antonio Bayona (Dr. Balabán).\n2008: All Inclusive, Chilean film (taxi driver).\n2010–2011: Para volver a amar, Mexican telenovela (Renato)\n2011: Juan & La Borrega short film by J. Xavier Velasco.\n2015: Cementerio General 2 Peruvian film, (Director of the psychiatric hospital)", "2009: Up as Dug. Originally voiced by Bob Peterson\n2013: Despicable Me 2 as Silas Ramsbottom. Originally voiced by Steve Coogan.\n2015: Minions as Professor Flux and the guardian of the crown. Originally voiced by Steve Coogan.", "2012: La familia P. Luche (la enfermedad de Federica) as doctor.\n2014: \"Requiem for Agustin Lara\" at Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City", "Edgar Vivar (in Spanish), archived from the original on 25 April 2011, retrieved 23 June 2011\nHospitalizan de urgencia a 'El señor Barriga' (in Spanish), retrieved 8 August 2013" ]

[ "Édgar Vivar", "Life and career", "Acting roles", "Hispanic American Dubs", "Guest star", "References" ]

[ 3479 ]

[ 16865, 16866, 16867, 16868, 16869, 16870, 16871, 16872, 16873, 16874, 16875, 16876 ]

[ "The entrance of the offices of the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, at 1050 des Parlementaires, in Quebec City" ]

[ 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Cabinet_du_Lieutenant-gouverneur_du_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg" ]

[ "Édifice André-Laurendeau is an eleven-storey office tower located at 1050, rue des Parlementaires in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The Beaux-Arts structure was built between 1935 and 1937 by Lacroix, Drouin and Bergeron and is the property of the Government of Quebec. In 1980 it was named in honour of journalist and politician André Laurendeau.", "After the fire at Bois de Coulonge in 1966, the office of the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec was moved to Édifice André-Laurendeau where he or she holds an office and a suite of rooms for entertaining. Inside are reception rooms, offices and support facilities. The royal suite is the site of swearing-in ceremonies for Cabinet ministers, where Royal Assent is granted, and where the Lieutenant Governor receives his or her premier. Whenever the sovereign and/or other members of the Royal Family are in the provincial capital, he or she resides at a hotel.", "\"Arrêt 16 : Édifice André-Laurendeau, Édifice D\".", "Édifice André-Laurendeau\nGovernment of the Province of Quebec, Canada" ]

[ "Édifice André-Laurendeau", "Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3480 ]

[ 16877, 16878 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/J47851_20120709-144642_Edifice_Ernest_Cormier.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Montr%C3%A9al-blank.png" ]

[ "Édifice Ernest-Cormier was the second courthouse in Montreal to bear the name Palais de justice de Montréal. It was built between 1922 and 1926, and designed by architects Louis-Auguste Amos, Charles Jewett Saxe and Ernest Cormier. It was the first major commission for Cormier after his return to Montreal from his studies in Paris. After Cormier's death in 1980, the building was renamed in his honour. It currently houses the Quebec Court of Appeal.\nIt is located at 100 Notre-Dame Street East, across the street from both the first Palais de justice de Montréal, Édifice Lucien-Saulnier, and the current courthouse.", "\"FICHE D'UN BÂTIMENT\". Vieux-Montréal (in French). City of Montreal. October 28, 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010." ]

[ "Édifice Ernest-Cormier", "References" ]

[ 3481 ]

[ 16879 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Marieguyart.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Quebec-Marie-Guyart.JPG" ]

[ "The Édifice Marie-Guyart, previously and still commonly known as Complexe G, is a 31-storey, 132 m (433 ft) office skyscraper completed in 1972 in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The brutalist style tower is the tallest building in the city, as well as the tallest building in Canada east of Montreal. Situated in the Parliament Hill borough, the building houses most notably the Ministry of Education, Recreation and Sports, the Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks, as well the Observatoire de la Capitale observation deck.", "During the 1960s, as a result of the Quiet Revolution, the Government of Quebec undertook a period of rapid expansion, resulting in a greater need for office space in the downtown area. In 1961, the \"Commission d'aménagment de Québec\" (Quebec Planning Commission) was formed and in 1963 the Commission produced an ambitious plan for the area surrounding the Hôtel du Parlement. The different buildings outlined in the plan were identified by letters, hence the name \"Complexe G\". The first version of \"Complexe G\", which appeared in 1965, comprised four towers between 22 and 25 floors, a complex that would have offered two and a half times more floor space than what was eventually constructed. In 1969 the project was modified to include the current tower, as were two other towers between it and the Grand Théâtre de Québec. The existing buildings on the site were acquired and demolished, however these two additional towers were never constructed. Construction of the current tower began in 1967 and was completed in 1972.\nIn 1987, the tower was officially renamed \"Édifice Marie-Guyart\" in honour of Saint Marie of the Incarnation (born Marie Guyart), an Ursuline nun who was the religious foundress of the Ursuline order in New France.", "On the highest floor of the building, the Observatoire de la Capitale provides a 360 degree view of the city from a height of 221 meters. Visitors can see the Citadelle de Québec, the Château Frontenac and the countryside surrounding Quebec City.", "", "List of tallest buildings in Quebec City\nParliament Building (Quebec)\nCitadelle de Québec\nChâteau Frontenac\nÉdifice André-Laurendeau", "\"Édifice Marie-Guyart\". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.\nÉdifice Marie-Guyart at Emporis\n\"Édifice Marie-Guyart\". SkyscraperPage.\nÉdifice Marie-Guyart at Structurae\nJean-Marie Lebel et Alain Roy, Québec, 1900-2000, p. 95, sur Google Recherche de livres\nJean-Marie Lebel et Alain Roy, Québec, 1900-2000, p. 100, sur Google Recherche de livres\nCommission de la Capitale-Nationale", "Observatoire de la Capitale" ]

[ "Édifice Marie-Guyart", "History", "Observatoire de la Capitale", "Gallery", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3482, 3483 ]

[ 16880, 16881, 16882, 16883, 16884 ]

[ "Édifice Price is located at the heart of Quebec City historic district.", "Details of the façade", "Building entrance", "Édifice Price, in 1948, with a Standard GT car in the foreground.", "The \"L'Homme-Rivière\" (\"The River-man\") monument." ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 2, 3 ]

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[ "The Édifice Price (English: Price Building) is an 18-floor (originally 16) skyscraper in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Built in 1928–1931 amid controversy for Price Brothers Limited, it is the tallest building in the Old Quebec historical district, as well as one of the oldest skyscrapers in Canada. The building is the property of Ivanhoé Cambridge, a subsidiary of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec. A memorial is attached to the building. In 2001, it became the location of an official residence for the Premier of Quebec, which occupies two of the upper floors.", "In 1927, John Herbert and Arthur Clifford Price, having inherited the prosperous Price Brothers Limited after the 1924 death of their father, Sir William Price III, decided to build a new headquarters for the company in Quebec City. They did not find anything to their liking on Saint-Pierre street, at the time Quebec's main financial district, so they decided on Saint-Anne street close to the City Hall. The design for the initially 16–floor building was awarded to Ross and Macdonald, a prestigious firm of architects based in Montreal.\nThe city, eager to demonstrate a progressive ethos, gave assent to the project despite heavy criticism that the administration was proving unable to protect Québec′s historic area, as the building was slated to replace two historic houses. Sources conflict as to exactly when construction started: one cites June 1929 to May 1930; while another states the construction permit was delivered in December 1929 and construction began in June 1930; and a third gives only years: 1928–1930. The building's cornerstone bears an inscription which reads \"This stone was laid Oct. XXIX MCMXXIX [October 29, 1929]\". However, all sources agree that construction was rapid, and the building was finished within a year. It was inaugurated in 1931.\nAlthough completed successfully, the building turned out to be little more than an extravagant nail in Price Brothers' coffin. The Great Depression pushed the company to the brink of bankruptcy, and the Price Family lost both control of the company and most of its fortune. Various restoration work was undertaken during the 1950s and '60s, mostly to the interior of the building.\nIn 1983, it was acquired by the city of Quebec, which largely used it for its civil engineering division, echoing a similar situation in New York City, where the Manhattan Municipal Building is an extension of New York City Hall. Soon afterwards, a longterm lease placed the Price Building under the management of the Société immobilière Trans-Québec (SITQ, now Ivanhoé Cambridge), the real estate arm of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDP). Further extensive renovation began that lasted until 2005, and included the addition of two extra floors on the inside, a terrace on the 16th floor and the installation of elevators.\nIn 2001, the 16th and 17th floors became the Premier of Quebec′s official residence. Between 1997 and 2002, a high-end psychiatric clinic occupied floors 2 and 3 of the building. The administration has strongly affirmed the timing of this move with the Premier′s installation to be a complete coincidence. On July 12, 2009, tightrope walker Ramon Kelvink Jr. walked 230 metres (755 ft) from the 13th floor of the building to the Château Frontenac′s 15th floor as part of the celebrations of the 400th anniversary of Quebec City.\nThe construction of the Édifice Price was heavily criticized in the 1920s, both because it showed disrespect for Price Sr.′s intention of relocating the Price Brothers company′s operations to its original business centre of Kénogami (now Jonquière), and because the monumental construction was perceived as out of proportion in a mixed commercial and residential area where few buildings exceeded four or five floors. Criticism continued after the construction, and a few years later the city council passed a by-law limiting building heights in the old town to 65 feet (19.8 m) — a size only exceeded by one other building at the time: the then seven-floor Hôtel-Dieu de Québec. Nowadays, however, the building is considered an architectural monument in the capital and a defining element of the city's skyline.\nWhen the proposal of the Phare de Québec major skyscraper project in the Sainte-Foy area began attracting criticism, parallels with the major controversies that surrounded Édifice Price′s construction were drawn.", "Édifice Price, despite the original criticism, is considered to be very well integrated with its surroundings, and well adapted to a lot only 24 metres (79 ft) wide. Of its 18 floors, 15 are used as corporate space, two constitute the Premier′s suite, and on top is a mechanical floor. This leads to conflicting numbers quoted for its floors (16, 17 and 18 have been variously reported), compounded by the fact the retrofitted extra floors are not visible from outside the building. Two elevators, one of which is used as a freight elevator, provide access to all floors.\nÉdifice Price was constructed in the art deco style of the time, as was the neighbouring Clarendon Hotel, whose extension was completed a few years earlier. The design uses setbacks to gradually taper floor area down, yielding the typical elongated \"wedding cake\" shape which contributes in reducing loads and softens the building's visual impact on the city's skyline. The upper setbacks were later used to build balconies. Because the building is deeper than it is wide, it appears much bulkier when viewed from the side. This is reminiscent of Finnish Art Nouveau architect Eliel Saarinen′s work, and is the stylistic opposite of other buildings in the city such as the Château Frontenac, whose cantilever construction widens as it gets taller. \nGeometric motifs are carved in the Price Building′s stone cladding, especially over the first few levels. The building is topped by a more classical, specifically Châteauesque, steepled copper roof. The final composition displays Beaux-Arts influences. The main exterior′s decorative themes are pilasters topped with palm motifs, pinnacles, and a large vaulted arch with extrados over the main entrance.\nAt ground level and inside the lobby, bas-reliefs depict the origins of the Price company. During the 1920s John M. Lyle, an influential architect of the Beaux-arts school, was developing a uniquely Canadian fusion of French and English colonial styles, and his ideas were applied by designers Ross and Macdonald to the construction of the Price Building. Each floor is symmetrically divided in two by a hallway, and a projection at the end of the building references the bow of a ship.\nThe building's structural steel frame was also a first for the city. It was covered in grey limestone from Saint-Marc-des-Carrières and Queenston. Due to the rapid construction, Saint-Marc-des-Carrières was unable to supply enough stone to keep up with demand on the building site, resulting in the use of Queenston as an additional source. Saint-Marc-des-Carrières limestone is a pearly grey, and becomes a pale beige with age, while Queenston limestone has pink calcite streaks from crinoid fossils and takes a chamois tint as it ages.", "In 2002, a memorial was unveiled on Sainte-Anne between the Price Building and its right-hand neighbour (67–71 Sainte-Anne Street, a set of rowhouses). The memorial (French: Mémorial Price) is in the form of a sculpture, entitled \"L'Homme-Rivière\" (\"The River-man\"). It was sponsored by the CDP and the Virginia Parker Foundation, and designed by Quebec City artists Lucienne Cornet and Catherine Sylvain.\nL'Homme-Rivière is a statue representing a log driver at work. The logs are heavily stylized, reduced to little more than cylinders. The driver and his hook, however, are shown as transforming into a wooden plant. Its location, in a tight space between two tall buildings, gives the sculpture the appearance of travelling down a river gorge. L'Homme-Rivière is highly dynamic, and has been described as looking as though it is about to spill onto the sidewalk. The log driver is a symbolic figure in the history and culture of Quebec, thanks notably to Félix-Antoine Savard's famous novel Menaud, maître draveur.", "An apartment on the 16th and 17th floors has been the official residence of the premier of Quebec since 2001. These two floors, the highest habitable ones since the 18th floor is taken up by machinery, had originally been reserved for a CDP executive suite. There had been a previous attempt at offering the premier an official residence. In 1994, the Quebec City Chamber of Commerce had bought a large residence at 1080 rue des Braves and donated it to then premier Jacques Parizeau. There were issues of security and neighbour relationships, however, and Lucien Bouchard declined to use it. He lived in a small apartment on Parliament Hill for most of his mandate.\nIn May 2001, Bouchard′s successor Bernard Landry, who had until then lived in a three-room apartment, announced that he would accept the SITQ offer of the Édifice Price apartment, and took up occupancy in November. The choice, although praised for its symbolic location, attracted criticism that the apartment, rather small and poorly lit, could not accommodate a family (Landry was widowed from his first wife at the time). Some also noted that the former Lieutenant-Governor's residence, located at 1010 Chemin Saint-Louis and sold in 1996 for a fraction of its estimated value, would have made an excellent choice. From 1997 an exclusive psychiatric clinic had occupied the Price Building′s second and third floors. This was moved out in 2002; the administration strongly affirmed the timing with the Premier's installation to be a complete coincidence.\nThe 2,800 sq ft (260 m²) apartment cost $195,000 to build and decorate. It includes a 14-guest dining room, two bedrooms and all the associated facilities. The Premier also has access to a reception hall on the 14th floor if need be. The apartment is richly appointed with maple hardwood floors, granite and limestone; its furnishings reproduce traditional Quebec styles, and is decorated with paintings by local artists on loan from the Musée du Québec.\nIn 2006, renewed criticism regarding current Premier Jean Charest′s limited use of the apartment led to another proposal for a proper official residence. Charest, who heads a family of five and lives in Montreal, saw little reason to move them across the province. These proposals were not taken further, and Charest′s successor, Pauline Marois, made regular use of the apartment.", "Marine Building: a contemporaneous (October 7, 1930), similarly sized 22-floor skyscraper built in Vancouver.", "Benoit, Jean (2005-11-19). Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal (eds.). PRICE, Sir WILLIAM. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Series. Vol. XV, 1921–1930. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. ISBN 978-0-8020-9087-4. ISSN 0070-4717. OCLC 946253156. OL 7874170M. Retrieved 2018-11-27.\n\"History\". Sir William Price Heritage Center.\nNoppen, Luc; Lucie K. Morisset (1998). Québec de roc et de pierres: la capitale en architecture (in French). Sainte-Foy: MultiMondes. p. 107. ISBN 2-921146-75-4.\nNoppen, Luc; Jobidon, Hélène; Trépanier, Paul (1990). Québec monumental: 1890-1990 (in French). Sillery: Septentrion. p. 27. ISBN 2-921114-42-9.\nLebel, Jean-Marie; Alain Roy (2000). Québec 1900—2000: Le Siècle d'une Capitale (in French). Sainte-Foy: MultiMondes. pp. 41–42. ISBN 2-89544-008-5.\nLachapelle, Jacques (2001). \"Les édifices à bureaux\" (PDF). Le fantasme métropolitain : l'architecture de Ross et Macdonald: bureaux, magasins et hôtels, 1905-1942 (in French). Montreal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal. ISBN 978-2-7606-1754-4. Retrieved 2020-02-15.\nImage link Archived 2010-02-16 at the Wayback Machine\nLemieux, Louis-Guy (1998-06-21). \"Grandeur et chute de la Maison Price: Après la chute, la renaissance\". Le Soleil (in French). p. B3.\n\"Édifice Price\" (in French). Répertoire du Patrimoine Culturel du Québec. Retrieved 2007-07-13.\n\"Édifice Price\" (PDF) (in French). RCAA. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-10.\nBenjamin, Guy (2001-05-03). \"Toute une vue: Bienvenue dans l'appartement de Bernard Landry\". Le Soleil (in French). p. A3.\nLeduc, Gilbert (2002-03-24). \"À la recherche de nouveau voisins pour Bernard Landry\". Le Soleil (in French). p. A1.\nCardinal, Andreé; Evens Villeneuve (1999). \"Traiter en ville. Les centres de traitement et cliniques spécialisées du Centre hospitalier Robert-Giffard\" (PDF). Santé Mentale au Québec (in French). 24 (2). Retrieved 2009-05-03.\nMarc, Allard (13 July 2009). \"Kelvink Jr arrive sain et sauf au bout du fil\". Le Soleil (in French). Retrieved 2009-12-28.\nLavoie, Kathleen (May 21, 2009). \"Ramon Kelvink Jr: toujours plus haut\". Le Soleil (in French). Retrieved 2009-12-28.\nLedoux, Robert; Henri-Louis Jacob. \"Arrêt 43: Édifice Price\". À la découverte des pierres de construction et d'ornementation du Vieux-Québec: Un circuit pédestre (in French). Retrieved 2007-07-09.\nGaudreau, Valérie (21 February 2015). \"Avant Le Phare, le Price\". Le Soleil. Retrieved June 17, 2015.\nPorter, Isabelle; Noël, Daniel (March 2, 2015). \"De l'Ange de la Paix au Phare, les rêves grandioses de Québec\". Le Devoir. Retrieved June 17, 2015.\nGiguère, Pierre-Alexandre (2018). Étude d′impacts — Nuisances sur le voisinage [Impact Study — Nuisances upon the Neighbourhood] (PDF). LePhareQc.ca (PDF) (in French). Groupe Dallaire. pp. 1–17. Retrieved 2018-11-27.\nQuebec City Administration (1986). Regards sur l'architecture du Vieux-Québec (in French). Quebec City: Quebec City. pp. 109–110. ISBN 2-920860-00-3.\n\"Technical Sheet: 65 Ste-Anne (Price Building)\". SITQ. Retrieved 2007-07-14.\n\"Édifice Price: Guide du Locataire\" (in French). SITQ. Retrieved 2007-07-14.\nCoté, Pascale; Bolduc, Andrée; Asselin, Esther; Careau, Simon; Morin, Nicholas; Pincivy, Alix; Achab, Aïcha (2006). \"Québec ville fortifiée: Patrimoine géologique et historique - Guide d'excursion\" (PDF) (in French). Parks Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-16.\nQuine, Dany (2002-06-22). \"Le Mémorial Price\". Le Soleil (in French). p. C12.\n\"Plaque du monument L'Homme-Rivière\" (in French). Culture et Communications Québec. Retrieved 2020-02-16.\nLavoie, Gilbert (2001-11-24). \"Un bon investissement\". Le Soleil (in French). p. D4.\n\"Bernard Landry aura un appartement de fonction à Québec\" (in French). Le Canal Nouvelles/canoe.ca. 2001-05-02. Archived from the original on 2004-08-18. Retrieved 2007-07-13.\n\"Le premier ministre emménage à l'édifice Price\" (Press release) (in French). Société immobilière du Québec. November 22, 2001. Archived from the original on August 23, 2004. Retrieved 2007-07-09.\n\"Une résidence permanente pour le premier ministre?\" (in French). LCN. 2006-03-20. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2007-07-13.\nLavoie, Gilbert (March 8, 2014). \"Élections: trois chefs, trois styles\". Le Soleil (in French). Retrieved 2015-01-13.", "Official website \nEdifice Price at Emporis\nÉdifice Price at SkyscraperPage\nPrice Building at Structurae\nEdifice Price at the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)′s The Skyscraper Center : The Global Tall Building Database of the CTBUH\nÉdifice Price in the Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec (Québec Cultural Heritage Directory) (in French)\nÉdifice Price page of history — images from the Quebec City Archives (in French)\nÉdifice Price point of interest — Quebec City′s Vieux-Québec (in French)\nÉdifice Price — geolocated SketchUp 3D model at 3D Warehouse (in English and French)\nÉdifice Price, Quebec City, Canada — images by Megan Boardman at manchesterhistory.net" ]

[ "Édifice Price", "History", "Architecture", "Price Memorial", "Quebec Premier official residence", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3484, 3485, 3486, 3487, 3488 ]

[ 16885, 16886, 16887, 16888, 16889, 16890, 16891, 16892, 16893, 16894, 16895, 16896, 16897, 16898, 16899, 16900, 16901, 16902, 16903, 16904, 16905, 16906, 16907, 16908, 16909, 16910, 16911, 16912, 16913, 16914, 16915, 16916, 16917, 16918, 16919, 16920, 16921 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Roquebrune_sur_Argens_-_Edika_-_P1200783.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Claude_Monet_049.jpg" ]

[ "Édika is the pen name of Édouard Karali (born 17 December 1940 in Heliopolis, Egypt), a French comics artist, who is renowned for his distinctively absurd style. A number of his comic strips have been translated into several European languages such as; English (published by Knockabout Comics), Spanish, Italian (in the magazine Totem comic), German (published by Alpha Comics), Swedish (published by Epix), Danish (published by Runepress) and Greek (in the magazines Babel and Para Pente).", "Initially working for the advertising industry in Egypt, he moved to France where his works were published in the Franco-Belgian comics magazines Pilote, Charlie Mensuel, and Psikopat, the magazine of his brother Paul Carali. A major milestone in his career as a comics artist was his cooperation with Gotlib, becoming a main contributor to the comics magazine Fluide Glacial.", "A typical Édika comics episode involves a plot structured in a complex and often inconsequential fashion, filled with verbose dialogues and a lot of meta-references. Most of those episodes don't have an ending.\nRecurring characters are Bronski Proko and sometimes his family: wife Olga, kids Paganini (or just Nini) and Georges, and a non-speaking cat with an otherwise human behaviour, named Clarke Gaybeul (deliberately homophone to Clark Gable).", "Edika publications in Fluide Glacial and Pilote – BDoubliées (in French)\nEdika albums – Bedetheque (in French)\nFootnotes\nLambiek Comiclopedia. \"Édika\".", "Edika biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia\nEdika : fluide glacial sur la BD (in French)" ]

[ "Édika", "Biography", "Style", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3489 ]

[ 16922, 16923, 16924 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Edison_Mendez_in_Russia.jpg" ]

[ "Édison Vicente Méndez Méndez ([ˈeðison ˈmendes]; born March 16, 1979 in Ibarra) is an Ecuadorian football coach and former player who played as either a winger or an attacking midfielder. He is the current manager of LDU Quito's youth categories.\nMéndez is a former Ecuador International and is the second-most capped player for his country.", "He is known for his pace, accurate passing and long range shooting. He is also known as a dead-ball specialist, and generally takes free kicks and corners for his country and club. While he is right-footed, he can play on either wing as well as in the middle.", "", "Méndez began his career with Sociedad Deportivo Quito of his native Ecuador. After his 2002 FIFA World Cup performances, during which he scored the winning goal in Ecuador's 1-0 win over Croatia, he was rumored to have attracted interest from English clubs, notably Aston Villa and Everton.", "He transferred to Club Irapuato of the Primera División de México for the latter part of the 2004 season, starting 16 games and scoring 5 goals during the remainder of that season. Following Irapuato's relegation the following year, Méndez moved to Santos Laguna, where he struggled to find a place, in 14 games, and scoring 2 goals.\nHe returned to Ecuador, and was part of the LDU Quito team who won the Ecuadorian Apertura season in 2005.", "In 2006, shortly after the World Cup, there was speculation of a move to Germany, more specifically Hannover. He ended all rumours in August 2006 by signing a one-season loan deal with PSV Eindhoven, which was followed by a contract for three and a half years which would tie him to the Philips Stadion outfit until 2010. He made his debut in the Eredivisie against Willem II, and marked his stamp in his new club by scoring two goals for a 3-1 win. The following week he became the first Ecuadorian to play in the UEFA Champions League and made his debut against Liverpool F.C. He was voted Man of the Match in the game.\nIn March 2007, he became the first Ecuadorian to score in the UEFA Champions League by getting the only goal in the round of 16 match against Arsenal. Mendez, along with fellow midfielders Timmy Simons and veteran Philip Cocu helped PSV reach the quarterfinals.\nMendez's reputation was enhanced when he was among 50 players nominated for the Ballon d'Or-award for the best players in Europe. In Winter 2007, rumors stated that Mendez wanted a move back to Ecuador.", "On August 4, 2009, Mendez returned to Ecuador for personal reasons to play for his former team LDU Quito. However, there is speculation that he could return to the club for the 2012 season.", "In March, Brazilian club Clube Atlético Mineiro announced Méndez as its new player. The Ecuadorian midfielder started defending his new team after the 2010 FIFA World Cup.", "On December 11, 2013 it was confirmed that Mendez would join Colombian side Santa Fe.", "On January 7, 2015, it was confirmed that would Méndez return to Ecuador to play for El Nacional.", "", "He participated at the South American U-20 Championship in Paraguay in 1999, and Olympic qualifying tournament in Brazil in January 2000. Two months later, he was called up to the full squad and made his debut in a 3-1 defeat against Honduras in Quito.", "He played all three games of Ecuador's 2002 World Cup campaign, scoring in the 1-0 victory in the final group stage match over Croatia, the country's first ever victory in a FIFA World Cup. The win against Croatia came as a surprise, eliminating them and sealing Méndez's reputation as a star. He was seen by many to be the promise or Ecuadorian football and gained interest from many clubs.\nHe scored five goals in the qualifying stage for the FIFA World Cup, including a dazzling double from long range against Paraguay in 2005, helping Ecuador to a 5-2 win in Quito. With his goals, he helped Ecuador qualify to the Germany 06 edition.\nMéndez again played throughout his team's historic campaign in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which culminated in a 1-0 defeat to England in the round of sixteen. He was credited with two assists throughout the whole tournament.\nHe played for Ecuador in the Copa América 2007. In that tournament he scored a consolation goal against Mexico as they were eliminated 2-1. On February 26, 2008, Mendez announced his retirement from the national team, to the surprise of most Ecuadorians and the Latin American world. He has stated that one of the reasons for his early retirement is dissatisfaction with the newly appointed Ecuador coach, Sixto Vizuete. However, on 12 May 2008, Méndez announced his return to the national team, after a meeting with Vizuete and the FEF president, Luis Chiriboga, in which they solved any differences and misunderstandings that could have led the player to his early retirement.\nOn June 30, 2014, after the 2014 FIFA World Cup held in Brazil, Méndez stated that \"His cycle is over\", retiring from the Ecuador national team after a span of 14 years, ending with 111 Caps and 18 Goals for his country.", "", "", "LDU Quito\nSerie A (2): 2005 Apertura, 2010\nCopa Sudamericana (1): 2009\nPSV Eindhoven\nEredivisie (2): 2006–07, 2007–08", "List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps", "LDU player card\n\"Mendez tipped for move\". Sky Sports. 2002-07-31. Retrieved 2009-06-08.\n\"Mendez wanted by Hannover\". Sky Sports. 2006-06-19. Retrieved 2009-06-08.\n\"Fan's Man of the Match\". UEFA. 2006-08-12. Retrieved 2007-09-20.\n\"Edison Mendez goal boosts PSV hopes\". PSV Eindhoven. 2007-02-20. Archived from the original on 2007-09-09. Retrieved 2007-09-13.\n\"Mendez shortlisted for Ballon d'Or\". PSV Eindhoven. 2006-10-17. Archived from the original on 2007-09-09. Retrieved 2007-09-13.\nArchived December 20, 2007, at the Wayback Machine\nArchived August 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine\n\"Edison Mendez deve chegar a Belo Horizonte na próxima semana\". GloboEsporte.com. 2010-04-29. Retrieved 2010-05-02.\n\"Edison Mendez es nuevo jugador de Santa Fe\" (in Spanish). Goal.com. Retrieved 2014-05-16.\n\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 2016-10-12. Retrieved 2015-01-07.\n\"Ecuador end Croatia hopes\". BBC Sport. 2002-06-13. Retrieved 2007-09-13.\nVickery, Tim (2003-04-28). \"Ecuador start European quest\". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2007-09-13.\n\"PSV's Méndez quits Ecuador national side\". Goal.com. 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-02-27.\n\"Méndez recapacita para integrar Tricolor\". eluniverso.com. 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2008-05-12.\n\"Rebel Mendez recalled to Ecuador squad\". ESPNsoccernet. 2008-05-31. Retrieved 2008-06-02.\nYouTube, a Google company. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2016-05-02.\n\"Méndez, Édison\". National Football Teams. Retrieved 27 February 2017.", "Interview in Copa America Official Program\nMéndez's FEF player card (in Spanish)\nwww.psvweb.nl profile" ]

[ "Édison Méndez", "Playing style", "Club career", "Deportivo Quito", "Short spells in Ecuador and Mexico", "PSV Eindhoven", "Return to Ecuador", "Going to Brazil", "Independiente Santa Fe", "Return to El Nacional", "International career", "Ecuador U20", "Ecuador national team", "Career statistics", "International goals", "Honors", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3490 ]

[ 16925, 16926, 16927, 16928, 16929, 16930, 16931, 16932, 16933, 16934, 16935, 16936, 16937, 16938, 16939, 16940, 16941 ]

[ "Realpe in 2016" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/EDISSON_REALPE_%2824785110064%29.jpg" ]

[ "Édison Gabriel Realpe Solís (13 April 1996 – 22 December 2019) was an Ecuadorian footballer who played for L.D.U. Quito. He died in a car accident in Ecuador at the age of 23.", "Realpe began his career with Guayaquil City in 2014.\nOn 31 January 2018, Realpe was loaned out to L.D.U. Quito for the 2018 season. After the loan spell ended, he signed permanently for the club.", "", "LDU Quito\nEcuadorian Serie A: 2018\nCopa Ecuador: 2019", "FEF Player card\n\"Conmoción en Ecuador por la muerte de Edison Realpe\". Bolavip. Retrieved Dec 24, 2019.\n\"Ecuador - E. Realpe - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway\". int.soccerway.com. Retrieved Dec 24, 2019.\nEdison Realpe es nuevo jugador de Liga de Quito, eluniverso.com, 31 January 2018\nEdison Realpe renovó con Liga de Quito, 90min.com, 2 January 2019" ]

[ "Édison Realpe", "Club career", "Career statistics", "Honours", "References" ]

[ 3491 ]

[ 16942, 16943 ]

[ "Vega in the 2015 Copa Libertadores" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Edison_Vega.jpg" ]

[ "Édison Fernando Vega Obando (born 8 March 1990) is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays for Aucas.", "Vega began playing football with Imbabura. He joined Deportivo Quito in 2012. In 2015 he played for Barcelona SC.\nHe joined L.D.U. Quito in 2016.", "He made his international debut for the Ecuador national football team in a 2-0 victory over Jamaica on September 7, 2018.", "LDU Quito\nEcuadorian Serie A: 2018\nCopa Ecuador: 2019\nSupercopa Ecuador: 2020", "FEF Player card\nProfile at Soccerway\n\"Ecuador vs. Jamaica - 8 September 2018 - Soccerway\"." ]

[ "Édison Vega", "Club career", "International career", "Honours", "References" ]

[ 3492 ]

[ 16944 ]

[ "Édith Butler à St-Hyacinthe" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/%C3%89dith_Butler_%C3%A0_St-Hyacinthe.png" ]

[ "Édith Butler OC ONB (born Marie Nicole Butler, 27 July 1942) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and folklorist of Acadian descent.", "Édith Butler was born in Paquetville on the Acadian Peninsula in Gloucester County, New Brunswick. During the 1960s she obtained a Bachelor of Arts, taught school, and then earned a Master’s degree in literature and traditional ethnography at Laval University in 1969.", "Her career began in the early 1960s with performances in Moncton. In 1969, she released her debut album, “Chansons d’Acadie,” of traditional Acadian songs. This was followed by national appearances on CBC Television's Singalong Jubilee where she gained popularity and began to receive invitations to participate in various Canadian and American folk festivals.\nIn the early 1970's she represented Canada at the Universal Exposition in Osaka and performed in over 500 performances across Japan. Following this, she made several musical tours in Europe, notably in Ireland, Germany and the United States.\nIn total, Butler released 28 albums between 1969 and 2021. As of 2019 when she was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame, Édith Butler had one gold and two platinum records.", "Butler also performed in a piece by Antonine Maillet entitled \"Le tintamarre\".", "Butler was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in June 1975.\nShe was one of the four musicians pictured on the second series of the Canadian Recording Artist Series issued by Canada Post stamps on 2 July 2009.\nIn 2009, she received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts.\nIn 2010, Butler was the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 French SOCAN Awards in Montreal.\nIn 2012 she received the Lieutenant-Governor's Award for High Achievement in the Arts for Performing Arts.\nIn 2013, she was made a member of the Order of New Brunswick\nIn 2019, Édith Butler was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame", "\"Montréal's Édith Butler is an Icon among Acadians\". Georgia Straight. 14 June 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2021.\n\"Édith Butler\". Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame. Retrieved 16 May 2021.\nCanada Post Stamp Details, July to September 2009, Volume XVIII, No. 3, p. 6\n\"Édith Butler biography\". Governor General's Performing Arts Awards Foundation. Retrieved 11 February 2015.\n\"2014 LGA Winners\". artsnb. Retrieved 30 January 2015.\n\"2013 Order of New Brunswick recipients\".", "Short documentary Edith Butler\n(in French) Édith Butler official website\nThe Canadian Encyclopedia: Édith Butler\nJam: Édith Butler\n(in French) Quebec Info Musique: Édith Butler\nÉdith Butler, Singer – Cover story, Atlantic Insight Magazine – December 1979" ]

[ "Édith Butler", "Biography", "Career in music", "Career in theater", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3493 ]

[ 16945, 16946, 16947, 16948, 16949, 16950 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Edith_Cresson2.png" ]

[ "Édith Cresson ([edit kʁɛsɔ̃]; née Campion; born 27 January 1934) is a French politician from the Socialist Party. She served as Prime Minister of France from 1991 to 1992, the first woman to do so. She was the only woman to be prime minister until 2022, when Élisabeth Borne was appointed. Other than her breakthrough gender role, Cresson’s term was uneventful. Her political career ended in scandal as a result of corruption charges dating from her tenure as European Commissioner for Research, Science and Technology.", "Cresson was appointed to the prime ministerial post by President François Mitterrand on 15 May 1991. She soon became strongly unpopular among the electorate and had to leave office after less than one year, following the Socialists' poor showing in 1992's regional elections. Her premiership is one of the shortest in the history of the Fifth Republic.\nHer strong criticism of Japanese trade practices, going so far as to compare the Japanese to \"yellow ants trying to take over the world\", led to charges of racism. Discussing the sexual activities of Anglo-Saxon males, she said: \"Homosexuality seems strange to me. It's different and marginal. It exists more in the Anglo-Saxon tradition than the Latin one.\"\nIn social policy, Cresson's government enacted the Urban Framework Act of 1991, which sought to ensure a \"right to the city\" for all citizens. The\nAct required \"local bodies to provide living and dwelling conditions which will foster social cohesion and enable conditions of segregation to be avoided.\" The Cresson Government also placed considerable emphasis during its time in office on facilitating the international competitiveness of firms with under 500 employees. A law was passed in July 1991 which included several measures aimed at improving access of people with disabilities to housing, work places, and public buildings. In addition an Act of July 1991 on legal aid \"gave the public (above all, foreigners who are lawfully domiciled in France) wider access to the courts.\" In January 1992, housing allowances were extended to all low-income households in cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants. Under a law of 10 July 1991, access to legal information “was also included as part of the legal aid system.” A water law was passed in January 1992 \"to ensure the protection of water quality and quantity and aquatic ecosystems,\" and in February 1992 a law was passed to promote citizens' consultation.\nCresson is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an International network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development.", "While a European Commissioner, Cresson was the main target in the fraud allegations that led to the resignation of the Santer Commission in 1999. Subsequent to a fraud inquiry the European Commission said that Cresson in her capacity as the Research Commissioner \"failed to act in response to known, serious and continuing irregularities over several years\". Cresson was found guilty of not reporting failures in a youth training programme from which vast sums went missing.", "When Cresson took up her functions, she intended to appoint dental surgeon Philippe Berthelot, one of her close acquaintances, as a \"personal advisor\". Because Berthelot was 66 years old, he could not be appointed as a member of a Commissioner's Cabinet. When Cresson took up office, her Cabinet was already fully staffed with personal advisors. Berthelot was instead engaged as a \"visiting scientist\" in September 1995.\nBerthelot worked only as a personal advisor to Cresson. His contract expired on 1 March 1997, and he was offered another visiting scientist's contract for a period of one year. EU rules specify a maximum duration of 24 months for visiting scientists, but Berthelot spent two and a half years in the position.\nOn 31 December 1997, Berthelot requested the termination of his contract on medical grounds, and his application was accepted. A complaint was made by a member of parliament, and a criminal investigation concerning Berthelot was opened in Belgium in 1999. In June 2004, the Chambre du conseil of the Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles (Court of First Instance, Brussels) decided that no further action should be taken in the case.", "On 11 July 2006, in a judgment by the European Court of Justice on Case C-432/04 (Commission of the European Communities versus Édith Cresson), the Court declared that Édith Cresson acted in breach of her obligations as a European Commissioner. While the breach of the obligations arising from the office of Member of the Commission calls, in principle, for the imposition of a penalty, the Court held that, having regard to the circumstances of the case, the finding of breach constituted, of itself, an appropriate penalty and, accordingly, decided not to impose on Cresson a penalty in the form of a deprivation of her right to a pension or other benefits.\nCresson claimed that where the conduct complained of in criminal and disciplinary proceedings was the same, the findings of the criminal court were binding on the disciplinary authorities. However, the Court held that it was not bound by the legal characterisation of facts made in the context of the criminal proceedings and that it was for the Court, exercising its discretion to the full, to investigate whether the conduct complained of in proceedings brought under Article 213(2) EC constituted a breach of the obligations arising from the office of Commissioner. Accordingly, the decision of the Chambre du conseil of the Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles that there was no evidence of criminal conduct on Cresson's part could not bind the Court.", "European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science, 1995–1999.\nGovernmental functions\nPrime minister, 1991–1992 (Resignation).\nMinister of Agriculture, 1981–1983.\nMinister of Foreign trade and Tourism, 1983–1984.\nMinister of Industrial Redeployment and Foreign Trade, 1984–1986.\nMinister of European Affairs, 1988–1990 (Resignation).\nElectoral mandates\nEuropean Parliament\nMember of European Parliament, 1979–1981 (Elected in parliamentary elections, and became minister in 1981). Elected in 1979.\nNational Assembly of France\nMember of the National Assembly of France for Vienne (4th constituency), Elected in 1981, but she became minister in June / 1986–1988. Elected in 1981, reelected in 1986, 1988.\nGeneral Council\nGeneral councillor of Vienne, 1982–1998 (Resignation). Reelected in 1988, 1994.\nMunicipal Council\nMayor of Châtellerault, 1983–1997 (Resignation). Reelected in 1989, 1995.\nDeputy-mayor of Châtellerault, 1997–2008. Reelected in 2001.\nMunicipal councillor of Châtellerault, 1983–2008. Reelected in 1989, 1995, 2001.\nMayor of Thuré, 1977–1983.\nMunicipal councillor of Thuré, 1977–1983.", "Édith Cresson – Prime Minister\nRoland Dumas – Minister of Foreign Affairs\nPierre Joxe – Minister of Defense\nPhilippe Marchand – Minister of the Interior\nPierre Bérégovoy – Minister of Economy, Finance, Budget, and Privatization\nRoger Fauroux – Minister of Industry\nMartine Aubry – Minister of Labour, Employment, and Vocational Training\nHenri Nallet – Minister of Justice\nLionel Jospin – Minister of National Education\nJack Lang – Minister of Culture and Communication\nLouis Mermaz – Minister of Agriculture and Forests\nBrice Lalonde – Minister of Environment\nFrédérique Bredin – Minister of Youth and Sports\nLouis Le Pensec – Minister of Overseas Departments and Territories\nPaul Quilès – Minister of Transport, Housing, Space, and Equipment\nJean Poperen – Minister of Relations with Parliament\nEdwige Avice – Minister of Cooperation and Development\nJean-Pierre Soisson – Minister of Civil Service and Administrative Modernization\nMichel Delebarre – Minister of City and Regional Planning\nHubert Curien – Minister of Research and Technology\nJean-Louis Bianco – Minister of Social Affairs and Integration", "Cresson is married and has two daughters.", "1976: Avec le soleil, Paris: Éditions Jean-Claude Lattès\n1989: L'Europe à votre porte: manuel pratique sur les actions de la CEE intéressant les opérateurs économiques, Centre français du commerce extérieur (with Henri Malosse)\n1998: Innover ou subir. Paris: éditions Flammarion ISBN 2-08-035504-X\n2006: Histoires françaises. Monaco: Éditions du Rocher ISBN 2-268-06015-2 (autobiography)", "News Week Japanese Edition, 30 May 1991\nThe Mainichi Daily News, 21 June 1991\nRone Tempest, Los Angeles Times, 23. Juli 1991: Edith Cresson's Answer to TV Spoof: Hush Puppet! France's brutally frank premier says her caricature on one of the nation's most popular shows is sexist, unfair Archived 2 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine (english)\n\"Policy and Regulation:- France Mega-sites\". eugris.info. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2012.\noecd.org (PDF) http://www.oecd.org/gov/publicsectorinnovationande-government/2537279.pdf. \n\"docs.google.com/viewer\". Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2017.\n\"The Center for International Rehabilitation – International Disability Rights Monitor (IDRM) Publications >> Disability Rights Community >> – Compendium – France\". ideanet.org. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.\n\"European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) - Homepage\" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.\nhttp://www.eea-esem.com/papers/eea-esem/2004/702/Student-2004.pdf\nMittal, R.; Sreemithun, K.V.; Legal Aid Society (Delhi, India) (2012). Legal Aid: Catalyst for Social Change. Satyam Law International. p. 85. ISBN 9788192120423. Retrieved 26 January 2017.\nWater and Agriculture Sustainability, Markets and Policies: Sustainability, Markets and Policies. OECD Publishing. 2006. p. 95. ISBN 9789264022577. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2017.\nHoffmann-Martinot, V.; Wollmann, H. (2007). State and Local Government Reforms in France and Germany: Divergence and Convergence. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. p. 240. ISBN 9783531902715. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2017.\nEurope Cresson: The 'careless' commissioner Archived 26 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 16 March 1999\nThe Court declares that Mrs Edith Cresson acted in breach of her obligations as a European commissioner Archived 29 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 11 July 2006\nSee European Commission, Judgment of the Court of Justice in Case C-432/04 11 July 2006 Archived 12 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine\n\"Edith Cresson charged with fraud\" The Guardian 25 March 2003 Archived 18 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine\n\"Court rules against ex-French PM Edith Cresson: Willing to extend benefits to personal friends The EU's top court has ruled that Edith Cresson, the former European commissioner and French prime minister, violated her official duties\" BBC News 11 July 2006 Archived 8 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine,", "Northcutt, Wayne, ed. \"Cresson, Edith\" in Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946–1991 (Greenwood, 1992) pp 114–16.\nPerry, Sheila. \"Gender Difference in French PoliticalCommunication: From Handicap to Asset?.\" Modern & Contemporary France 13.3 (2005): 337-352.\nSchemla, Élisabeth. Édith Cresson, la femme piégée, Paris: Flammarion, 1993, ISBN 978-2080668400; argues her fate was largely due to the misogyny of the Socialist elites, the French political class, and the French media\nSkard, Torild, \"Edith Cresson\" in Women of Power – Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide, Bristol: Policy Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0", "Curriculum Vitae as Commissioner\nHow to Lose Friends and Alienate People at the Wayback Machine (archived 24 February 2002), TIME, 29 March 1999\nQ&A on the Commission’s position in the case of Ms Cresson, 19 July 2004" ]

[ "Édith Cresson", "French Prime Minister", "European Commissioner", "Appointing a friend", "European Commission vs. Édith Cresson", "Political career", "Cresson's Cabinet, 15 May 1991 – 2 April 1992", "Personal life", "Selected publications", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

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[ 16951, 16952, 16953, 16954, 16955, 16956, 16957, 16958, 16959, 16960, 16961, 16962, 16963, 16964, 16965, 16966, 16967, 16968, 16969, 16970, 16971, 16972, 16973, 16974 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Edith_Lejet.jpg" ]

[ "Édith Lejet (born 19 July 1941) is a French composer and music educator.", "Born in Paris, Lejet studied with Marcel Beaufils (aesthetics), Henri Challan (harmony), Marcel Bitsch (counterpoint and fugue), Jean Rivier and Andre Jolivet (composition) at the Paris Conservatory. She lived at the Casa Velasquez in Madrid from 1968 to 1970. She began teaching harmony at the Sorbonne (1970–1972) and then became professor at the National Conservatory of Music and Dance in Paris. In 2004, she was appointed professor of composition at the École Normale de Musique de Paris Alfred Cortot.", "Prize Bleustein-Blanchet in 1967 of Vocation\nFlorence Gould Prize (Academy of Fine Arts, Paris)\nWilliam and Nomma Copley Foundation Award (Chicago)\nPrize Herve Dugardin (SACEM, Paris)\nSecond Grand Prix de Rome in 1968\nMusic Awards Board of SACEM in 1979.\nHonorary Professor at the National Conservatory of Music and Dance in Paris (Cité de la Musique)\nProfessor of composition at the Ecole Normale de Musique Alfred Cortot in Paris\nNadia and Lili Boulanger Prize (Academy of Fine Arts, Paris) in 2003", "", "Cinq pièces brèves, for piano (1965), unpublished, 7’\nTrois eaux-fortes, for piano (1990–1992), Amphion, 10’\nFleurs d’opale, for piano (1997), Lemoine, 6’\nTriptyque, for organ (1979), Lemoine, 18’\nAve Maria, for organ (1988), J.M. Fuzeau, 3'21\nMétamorphoses, for harp (1981), Transatlantiques, 4’\nDe lumière et de cieux embrasés, for harp (2010), Lemoine, 5’\nDeux soliloques, for horn (1991), Amphion, 6’\nVolubilis, for cello (1981), Amphion, 7’\nLa Houle à l'assaut des récifs, for cello (2010), Lemoine, 6’\nPalette, for percussion (1973), Heugel, 3’\nGémeaux (Trois Figures du Zodiaque no. 1), for guitar (1978), Amphion, 5’30\nContrastes et couleurs, for guitar (1983), Transatlantiques, 2’45\nLion (Trois Figures du Zodiaque, no. 2), for guitar (1991), Max Eschig, 3’30\nBalance (Trois Figures du Zodiaque, no. 3), for guitar (1982), Transatlantiques, 6’\nAmerica, for guitar (1987), unpublished, 5’30\nLa Voix des voiles, for guitar (1989), Max Eschig, 4’", "Musique pour trombone et piano (1972), Billaudot, 5’\nQuatre pièces en duo, for double bass and piano (1975), Alphonse Leduc, 5’\nMéandres, for saxhorn, tuba or bass trombone and piano (1976), Billaudot, 5’30\nSaphir, for saxophone (baritone and alto) and piano (1982), unpublished, 10’\nEmeraude et Rubis, for two flutes (1982), Transatlantiques, 3’\nJade, for alto saxophone and percussion (1983), Salabert, 2’30\nTrois Petits préludes, for alto saxophone and piano (1985), Lemoine, 10’\nTourbillons, for clarinet and piano (1986), Billaudot, 4’30\nAlmost a song, for viola and guitar (1995), Eschig, 7’\nParcours en duo, for baritone saxophone and percussion (2001), unpublished, 8’30\nBruit de l'eau sur de l'eau, for two violins (2009), Lemoine, 5’", "Musique pour trompette et quintette de cuivres (1968), Billaudot, 13’\nQuatuor de saxophones (1974), Billaudot, 13’\nAube marine, for saxophone quartet (1982), Lemoine, 7’\nEchos dans la vallée, for violin, clarinet and piano (1995), unpublished, 10’", "Monodrame, for violin and orchestra (1969), Billaudot, 18’\nEspaces nocturnes, for eight musicians (1976), Radio-France, 17’\nHarmonie du soir, for 12 string instruments (1975–77), unpublished, 15’\nRessac, for orchestra (1985), Leduc, 10’\nCérémonie, for saxophone ensemble (1986), Lemoine, 4’\nAméthyste, for 12 string instruments (1990), unpublished, 9’30\nDes fleurs en forme de diamants, for guitar and 7 instruments (1997, revision in 2003), unpublished, 10’\nDiptyque, for organ and 12 string instruments (2002-2003), unpublished, 12’\nToute la nature sort de l'or, for 15 instruments (2009), unpublished, 7’", "Quatre mélodies sur le Poème de Cante Jondo de Federico Garcia Lorca, for mezzo or soprano and piano (1965), unpublished, 7’30\nLe journal d'Anne Frank, for female choir and 8 instrumentalists (1968-1970), Billaudot, 27'\nL'Homme qui avait perdu sa voix, for 4 singers and 11 instrumentalists (1984), Radio-France, 35’\nLes Mille-pattes, for children choir and instruments (1989), Lemoine, 13’\nLes Rois-mages, for 6 singers, mixed choir and 11 instrumentalists (1987-1989), Amphion, 60’\nSept Chants sacrés, for 12 female singers and organ (1990-2003), unpublished, 15’\nTrois Chants pour un Noël, for equal voices choir with an instrumental accompaniment (1995), unpublished, 7’30\nMissa brevis, for mixed choir and organ (1996), unpublished, 12’\nPsaume de joie, for mixed choir, percussion et double bass (1998), unpublished, 10’\nL'Herbier de Colette, for soprano and piano (2004-2006), unpublished, 20’\nLe Noël du grillon, for twelve female singers and three instruments (2007), unpublished, 8'", "Vignal, Marc. Dictionnaire de la musique française. Larousse. ; Sax, Mule & Co, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, H & D, Paris, 2004, p. 143–144.\nSadie, Julie Anne; Samuel, Rhian (1994). The Norton/Grove dictionary of women composers. ISBN 9780393034875. Retrieved 4 October 2010.", "Official site of Édith Lejet" ]

[ "Édith Lejet", "Biography", "Honours", "Works", "Solo instrument", "Two instruments", "Chamber music (small ensembles)", "Music for orchestra or instrumental ensembles", "Music for voice and/or choir", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3495 ]

[ 16975, 16976, 16977, 16978, 16979, 16980 ]

[ "Piaf in 1939", "Piaf as a child", "Piaf with Les Compagnons de la chanson in 1946", "Piaf at the ABC music hall in Paris in 1951", "Piaf with her second husband Théo Sarapo in 1962", "Piaf's grave in Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Piaf_Harcourt_1939.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Edith_Piaf_enfant.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Edith_Piaf_et_les_Compagnons_de_la_Chanson.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/1951_La_P%27tite_Lili_-_Th%C3%A9atre_ABC_retouched.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/%C3%89dith_Piaf_%26_Theo_Sarapo_914-6437.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Tombeau_d%27Edith_Piaf.JPG" ]

[ "Édith Piaf (UK: /ˈpiːæf/, US: /piːˈɑːf/, French: [edit pjaf] (listen); born Édith Giovanna Gassion, French: [edit dʒɔvana ɡasjɔ̃]; 19 December 1915 – 10 October 1963) was a French singer. Noted as France's national chanteuse, she was one of the country's most widely known international stars.\nPiaf's music was often autobiographical, and she specialized in chanson réaliste and torch ballads about love, loss and sorrow. Her most widely known songs include \"La Vie en rose\" (1946), \"Non, je ne regrette rien\" (1960), \"Hymne à l'amour\" (1949), \"Milord\" (1959), \"La Foule\" (1957), \"L'Accordéoniste\" (1940), and \"Padam, padam...\" (1951).\nSince her death in 1963, several biographies and films have studied her life, including 2007's La Vie en rose. Piaf has become one of the most celebrated performers of the 20th century.", "Despite numerous biographies, much of Piaf's life is unknown. She was born Édith Giovanna Gassion in Belleville, Paris. Legend has it that she was born on the pavement of Rue de Belleville 72, but her birth certificate says that she was born on 19 December 1915 at the Hôpital Tenon, a hospital located in the 20th arrondissement.\nShe was named Édith after the World War I British nurse Edith Cavell, who was executed 2 months before Édith's birth for helping French soldiers escape from German captivity. Piaf – slang for \"sparrow\" – was a nickname she received 20 years later.\nLouis Alphonse Gassion (1881–1944), Édith's father, was a street performer of acrobatics from Normandy with a past in the theatre. He was the son of Victor Alphonse Gassion (1850–1928) and Léontine Louise Descamps (1860–1937), known as Maman Tine, a \"madam\" who ran a brothel in Bernay in Normandy.\nHer mother, Annetta Giovanna Maillard, better known professionally as Line Marsa (1895–1945), was a singer and circus performer born in Italy of French descent on her father's side and of Italian and Kabyle on her mother's. Her parents were Auguste Eugène Maillard (1866–1912) and Emma (Aïcha) Saïd Ben Mohammed (1876–1930), daughter of Said ben Mohammed (1827–1890), an acrobat born in Mogador and Marguerite Bracco (1830–1898), born in Murazzano in Italy.\nAnnetta and Louis-Alphonse divorced on 4 June 1929.", "Piaf's mother abandoned her at birth, and she lived for a short time with her maternal grandmother, Emma (Aïcha). When her father enlisted with the French Army in 1916 to fight in World War I, he took her to his mother, who ran a brothel in Bernay, Normandy. There, prostitutes helped look after Piaf. The bordello had two floors and seven rooms, and the prostitutes were not very numerous – \"about ten poor girls\", as she later described. In fact, five or six were permanent while a dozen others would join the brothel during market days and other busy days. The sub-mistress of the brothel was called \"Madam Gaby\" and Piaf considered her almost like family, since she became godmother of Denise Gassion, Piaf's half-sister born in 1931. Edith believed her weakness for men came from mixing with prostitutes in her grandmother's brothel.\nFrom the age of three to seven, Piaf was allegedly blind as a result of keratitis. According to one of her biographers, she recovered her sight after her grandmother's prostitutes pooled money to accompany her on a pilgrimage honouring Saint Thérèse of Lisieux. Piaf claimed this was the result of a miraculous healing.\nIn 1929, at age 14, she was taken by her father to join him in his acrobatic street performances all over France, where she first began to sing in public. At the age of 15, Piaf met Simone \"Mômone\" Berteaut, who may have been her half-sister, and who became a companion for most of her life. Together they toured the streets singing and earning money for themselves. With the additional money Piaf earned as part of an acrobatic trio, she and Mômone were able to rent their own place; Piaf took a room at Grand Hôtel de Clermont (18 rue Véron, 18th arrondissement of Paris), working with Mômone as a street singer in Pigalle, Ménilmontant, and the Paris suburbs (cf. the song \"Elle fréquentait la rue Pigalle\").\nIn 1932, she met and fell in love with Louis Dupont. Within a very short time, he moved into their small room, where the three lived despite Louis' and Mômone's dislike for each other. Louis was never happy with the idea of Piaf's roaming the streets, and continually persuaded her to take jobs he found for her. She resisted his suggestions, until she became pregnant and worked for a short while making wreaths in a factory.\nIn February 1933, the 17-year-old Piaf gave birth to her daughter, Marcelle (nicknamed Cécelle) at the Hôpital Tenon. Like her mother, Piaf found it difficult to care for the child and had little parenting knowledge. She rapidly returned to street singing, until the summer of 1933, when she started performing at Juan-les-Pins, Rue Pigalle.\nFollowing an intense quarrel over her behavior, Piaf left Louis Dupont (Marcelle's father) taking Mômone and Marcelle with her. The three stayed at the Hôtel Au Clair de Lune, Rue André-Antoine. During this time, Marcelle was often left alone in the room while Piaf and Mômone were out on the streets or at the club singing. Dupont eventually came and took Marcelle away, saying that if Édith wanted the child, she must come home. Like her own mother, Piaf decided not to come home, though she did pay for childcare. Marcelle died of meningitis at age two.", "In 1935, Piaf was discovered in the Pigalle area of Paris by nightclub owner Louis Leplée, whose club Le Gerny's off the Champs-Élysées was frequented by the upper and lower classes alike. He persuaded her to sing despite her extreme nervousness, which, combined with her height of only 142 centimetres (4 ft 8 in), inspired him to give her the nickname that would stay with her for the rest of her life and serve as her stage name, La Môme Piaf (Paris slang meaning \"The Waif Sparrow\" or \"The Little Sparrow\"). Leplée taught her the basics of stage presence and told her to wear a black dress, which became her trademark apparel.\nLeplée ran an intense publicity campaign leading up to her opening night, attracting the presence of many celebrities, including actor and singer Maurice Chevalier. The bandleader that evening was Django Reinhardt, with his pianist, Norbert Glanzberg. Her nightclub gigs led to her first two records produced that same year, with one of them penned by Marguerite Monnot, a collaborator throughout Piaf's life and one of her favourite composers.\nOn 6 April 1936, Leplée was murdered. Piaf was questioned and accused as an accessory, but acquitted. Leplée had been killed by mobsters with previous ties to Piaf. A barrage of negative media attention now threatened her career. To rehabilitate her image, she recruited Raymond Asso, with whom she would become romantically involved. He changed her stage name to \"Édith Piaf\", barred undesirable acquaintances from seeing her, and commissioned Monnot to write songs that reflected or alluded to Piaf's previous life on the streets.\nIn 1940, Piaf co-starred in Jean Cocteau's successful one-act play Le Bel Indifférent. The German occupation of Paris did not stop her career; she began forming friendships with prominent people, including Chevalier and poet Jacques Bourgeat. She wrote the lyrics of many of her songs and collaborated with composers on the tunes. Spring 1944 saw the first cooperation and a love affair with Yves Montand in the Moulin Rouge.\nIn 1947, she wrote the lyrics to the song \"Mais qu'est-ce que j'ai ?\" (music by Henri Betti) for Yves Montand. She contributed greatly to the revolutionizing of the cabaret-genre. Within a year, he became one of the most famous singers in France. She broke off their relationship when he had become almost as popular as she was.\nDuring this time, she was in great demand and very successful in Paris as France's most popular entertainer. After the war, she became known internationally, touring Europe, the United States, and South America. In Paris, she gave Atahualpa Yupanqui (Héctor Roberto Chavero) – a central figure in the Argentine folk music tradition – the opportunity to share the scene, making his debut in July 1950. She helped launch the career of Charles Aznavour in the early 1950s, taking him on tour with her in France and the United States and recording some of his songs. At first she met with little success with American audiences, who expected a gaudy spectacle and were disappointed by Piaf's simple presentation. After a glowing 1947 review in the New York Herald Tribune by the influential New York critic Virgil Thomson, himself a contributor to international avant-garde culture, her popularity grew to the point where she eventually appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show eight times, and at Carnegie Hall twice (1956 and 1957).\nPiaf wrote and performed her signature song, \"La Vie en rose\", in 1945 and it was voted a Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1998.\nBruno Coquatrix's famous Paris Olympia music hall is where Piaf achieved lasting fame, giving several series of concerts at the hall, the most famous venue in Paris, between January 1955 and October 1962. Excerpts from five of these concerts (1955, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962) were issued on record and on CD, and have never been out of print. In the 1961 concerts, promised by Piaf in an effort to save the venue from bankruptcy, she first sang \"Non, je ne regrette rien\". In April 1963, Piaf recorded her last song, \"L'Homme de Berlin\".", "Piaf's career and fame gained momentum during the German occupation of France. She performed in various nightclubs and brothels, which flourished during the 1940–1945 Années érotiques (book title of Patrick Buisson, director of the French history channel). Various top Paris brothels, including Le Chabanais, Le Sphinx, One Two Two, La rue des Moulins, and Chez Marguerite, were reserved for German officers and collaborating Frenchmen. She was, for example, invited to take part in a concert tour to Berlin, sponsored by the German officials, together with artists such as Loulou Gasté, Raymond Souplex, Viviane Romance and Albert Préjean. In 1942, Piaf was able to afford a luxury flat in a house in the fancy 16th arrondissement of Paris (today rue Paul-Valéry). She lived above the L'Étoile de Kléber, a famous nightclub and bordello close to the Paris Gestapo headquarters.\nPiaf was deemed to have been a traitor and collaborator. She had to testify before a purge panel, as there were plans to ban her from appearing on radio transmissions. However, her secretary Andrée Bigard, a member of the Résistance, spoke in her favour after the Liberation. According to Bigard, she performed several times at prisoner of war camps in Germany and was instrumental in helping a number of prisoners escape. Piaf was very popular among Nazis; therefore, she was able to help those living difficult times. In fact, at the beginning of World War II, she worked professionally with Michel Emer, a famous Jewish musician whose song \"L'Accordéoniste\" was soon adored by many. Piaf paid for Emer's way into France before German occupation. He lived in France in safety until the liberation. Piaf was quickly back in the singing business and in December 1944, she went on stage for the Allied forces together with Montand in Marseille.", "At age 17 Piaf had a daughter, Marcelle, who died aged two. Piaf neither wanted nor had other children.\nThe love of Piaf's life, the married boxer Marcel Cerdan, died in a plane crash in October 1949, while flying from Paris to New York City to meet her. Cerdan's Air France flight, on a Lockheed Constellation, crashed in the Azores, killing everyone on board, including noted violinist Ginette Neveu. Piaf and Cerdan's affair made international headlines, as Cerdan was the former middleweight world champion and a legend in France in his own right.\nIn 1951, Piaf was seriously injured in a car crash along with Charles Aznavour, breaking her arm and two ribs, and thereafter had serious difficulties arising from morphine and alcohol addictions. Two more near-fatal car crashes exacerbated the situation. Jacques Pills, a singer, took her into rehabilitation on three different occasions to no avail.\nPiaf married Jacques Pills (real name René Ducos), her first husband, in 1952 (her matron of honour was Marlene Dietrich) and divorced him in 1957. In 1962, she wed Théo Sarapo (Theophanis Lamboukas), a singer, actor, and former hairdresser who was born in France of Greek descent. Sarapo was 20 years her junior. The couple sang together in some of her last engagements.\nPiaf lived mainly in Belleville, Paris, with her father from 1915 to 1931. From 1934 to 1941, she lived at 45 rue de Chézy in Neuilly-sur-Seine; she lived alone from 1941 to 1952 and with Jacques Pills from 1952 to 1956. She continued to live there alone from 1956 to 1959. In her final years she lived at 23 rue Édouard Nortier in Neuilly-sur-Seine – alone from 1959 to 1962 and with Théo Sarapo from 1962 until her death in 1963.", "Years of alcohol abuse alongside copious amounts of medications, initially for rheumatoid arthritis and later insomnia, took their toll on Piaf's health. A series of car accidents only exacerbated her addictions and she eventually underwent a series of surgeries for a stomach ulcer in 1959. Coupled with a deteriorating liver and the need for a blood transfusion, by 1962 she had lost a significant amount of weight, reaching a low of 30 kg (66 pounds). Piaf drifted in and out of consciousness for several months. She died at age 47 on 10 October 1963, at her villa on the French Riviera in Plascassier (Grasse). The cause of death is believed to be liver failure due to liver cancer and cirrhosis, though no autopsy was performed.\nHer last words were \"Every damn thing you do in this life, you have to pay for.\" It is said that Sarapo drove her body back to Paris secretly so that fans would think she had died in her hometown. Her old friend Jean Cocteau died the very next day; it was reported that he had a heart attack on hearing of Piaf's death.\nShe is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris next to her daughter Marcelle, where her grave is among the most visited. Buried in the same grave are her father, Louis-Alphonse Gassion, and Théo (Lamboukas) Sarapo. The name inscribed at the foot of the tombstone is Famille Gassion-Piaf. Her name is engraved on the side as Madame Lamboukas dite Édith Piaf.\nAlthough she was denied a funeral Mass by Cardinal Maurice Feltin since she had remarried after divorce in the Orthodox Church, her funeral procession drew tens of thousands of mourners onto the streets of Paris, and the ceremony at the cemetery was attended by more than 100,000 fans. Charles Aznavour recalled that Piaf's funeral procession was the only time since the end of World War II that he saw Parisian traffic come to a complete stop. On 10 October 2013, fifty years after her death, the Roman Catholic Church recanted and gave Piaf a memorial Mass in the St. Jean-Baptiste Church in Belleville, Paris, the parish into which she was born.\nSince 1963, the French media have continually published magazines, books, plays, television specials and films about the star often on the anniversary of her death. In 1973, the Association of the Friends of Édith Piaf was formed, followed by the inauguration of the Place Édith Piaf in Belleville in 1981. Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina named a small planet, 3772 Piaf, in her honor.\nIn Paris, a two-room museum is dedicated to her, the Musée Édith Piaf (5, Rue Crespin du Gast).\nA concert at The Town Hall in New York City commemorated the 100th anniversary of Piaf's birth on 19 December 2015. Hosted by Robert Osborne and produced by Daniel Nardicio and Andy Brattain, it featured Little Annie, Gay Marshall, Amber Martin, Marilyn Maye, Meow Meow, Elaine Paige, Molly Pope, Vivian Reed, Kim David Smith, and Aaron Weinstein.", "Piaf's life has been the subject of several films and plays.\nPiaf (1974), directed by Guy Casaril, depicted her early years\nPiaf (1978), play by Pam Gems\nÉdith et Marcel (1983), directed by Claude Lelouch, Piaf's relationship with Cerdan\nPiaf ... Her Story ... Her Songs (2003), by Raquel Bitton\nLa Vie en rose (2007), directed by Olivier Dahan, with Marion Cotillard who won an Academy Award for Best Actress\nThe Sparrow and the Birdman (2010), by Raquel Bitton\nEdith Piaf Alive (2011), by Flo Ankah\nPiaf, voz y delirio (2017), by Leonardo Padrón.", "1933\nEntre Saint-Ouen et Clignancourt\n1934\nL'Étranger\n1935\nMon apéro\nLa Java de Cézigue\nFais-moi valser\n1936\nLes Mômes de la cloche\nJ'suis mordue\nMon légionnaire\nLe Contrebandier\nLa Fille et le chien\nLa Julie jolie\nVa danser\nChand d'habits\nReste\nLes Hiboux\nQuand même (from the film La Garçonne)\nLa Petite boutique\nY'avait du soleil\nIl n'est pas distingué\nLes Deux ménétriers\nMon amant de la coloniale\nC'est toi le plus fort\nLe Fanion de la légion\nJ'entends la sirène\nDing, din, dong\nMadeleine qu'avait du cœur\nLes Marins ça fait des voyages\nSimple comme bonjour\nLe Mauvais matelot\nCelui qui ne savait pas pleurer\n1937\nLe Grand Voyage du pauvre Nègre\nUn jeune homme chantait\nTout fout le camp\nNe m'écris pas\nPartance (with Raymond Asso)\nDans un bouge du Vieux Port\nMon cœur est au coin d'une rue\n1938\nС'est lui que mon cœur a choisi\nParis-Méditerranée\nLa Java en mineur\nBrowning\nLe Chacal\nCorrèqu' et réguyer\n1939\nY'en a un de trop\nElle fréquentait la rue Pigalle\nLe Petit Monsieur triste\nLes Deux Copains\nJe n'en connais pas la fin\n1940\nEmbrasse-moi\nOn danse sur ma chanson\nSur une colline\nC'est la moindre des choses\nEscale\nL'Accordéoniste\n1941\nOù sont-ils, mes petits copains?\nC'était un jour de fête\nC'est un monsieur très distingué\nJ'ai dansé avec l'Amour (from the film Montmartre-sur-Seine)\nTu es partout (from the film Montmartre-sur-Seine)\nL'Homme des bars\nLe Vagabond\n1942\nJimmy, c'est lui\nUn coin tout bleu (from the film Montmartre-sur-Seine)\nSans y penser\nUn monsieur me suit dans la rue\n1943\nJ'ai qu'à l'regarder...\nLe Chasseur de l'hôtel\nC'était une histoire d'amour\nLe Brun et le Blond\nMonsieur Saint-Pierre\nCoup de Grisou\nDe l'autre côté de la rue\nLa Demoiselle du cinqième\nC'était si bon\nJe ne veux plus laver la vaisselle\nLa Valse de Paris\nChanson d'amour\nSes mains\n1944\nLes deux rengaines\nY'a pas d'printemps\nLes Histoires de coeur\nC'est toujours la même histoire\n1945\nLe Disque usé\nElle a...\nRegarde-moi toujours comme ça\nLes Gars qui marchaient\nIl Riait\nMonsieur Ernest a réussi\n1946\nLa Vie en rose\nLes trois cloches (with Les Compagnons de la chanson)\nDans ma rue\nJ'm'en fous pas mal\nC'est merveilleux (from the film Étoile sans lumière)\nAdieu mon cœur\nLe Chant du pirate\nCéline (with Les Compagnons de la Chanson)\nLe petit homme\nLe Roi a fait battre tambour (with Les Compagnons de la Chanson)\nDans les prisons de Nantes (with Les Compagnons de la Chanson)\nElle chantait (with Les Compagnons de la Chanson)\nMariage\nUn refrain courait dans la rue\nMiss Otis Regrets\nIl est né, le divin enfant\n1947\nC'est pour ça (from the film Neuf garçons, un cœur)\nQu'as-tu fait John?\nSophie (from the film Neuf garçons, un cœur)\nMais qu'est-ce que j'ai ?\nLe Geste\nSi tu partais\nUne chanson à trois temps\nUn Homme comme les autres\nLes Cloches sonnent\nJohnny Fedora et Alice Blue Bonnet\nLe Rideau tombe avant la fin\nElle avait son sourire\n1948\nMonsieur Lenoble\nLes Amants de Paris\nIl a chanté\nLes vieux bateaux\nIl pleut\nCousu de fil blanc\nAmour du mois de mai\nMonsieur X\n1949\nBal dans ma rue\nPour moi tout' seule\nPleure pas\nLe Prisonnier de la tour (Si le roi savait ça Isabelle)\nL'Orgue des amoureux\nDany\nParis (from the film L'Homme aux mains d'argile)\n1950\nHymne à l'amour\nLe Chevalier de Paris\nIl fait bon t'aimer\nLa p'tite Marie\nTous les amoureux chantent\nIl y avait\nC'est d'la faute à tes yeux\nC'est un gars\nHymn to Love\nAutumn Leaves\nThe Three Bells\nLe Ciel est fermé\nLa Fête continue\nSimply a Waltz\nLa Vie en rose (English version)\n1951\nPadam, padam...\nAvant l'heure\nL'homme que j'aimerai\nDu matin jusqu'au soir\nDemain (Il fera jour)\nC'est toi (with Eddie Constantine)\nRien de rien\nSi, si, si, si (with Eddie Constantine)\nÀ l'enseigne de la fille sans cœur\nTélégramme\nUne enfant\nPlus bleu que tes yeux\nLe Noël de la rue\nLa Valse de l'amour\nLa Rue aux chansons\nJezebel\nChante-moi (with M. Jiteau)\nChanson de Catherine\nChanson bleue\nJe hais les dimanches\n1952\nAu bal de la chance\nElle a dit\nNotre-Dame de Paris\nMon ami m'a donné\nJe t'ai dans la peau (from the film Boum sur Paris)\nMonsieur et madame\nÇa gueule ça, madame (with Jacques Pills) (from the film Boum sur Paris)\n1953\nBravo pour le clown\nSœur Anne\nN'y va pas Manuel\nLes Amants de Venise\nL'effet qu'tu m'fais\nJohnny, tu n'es pas un ange\nJean et Martine\nEt moi...\nPour qu'elle soit jolie ma chanson (with Jacques Pills) (from the film Boum sur Paris)\nLes Croix\nLe bel indifférent\nHeureuse\n1954\nLa Goualante du pauvre jean\nEnfin le printemps\nRetour\nMea culpa\nLe \"Ça ira\" (from the film Si Versailles m'était conté)\nAvec ce soleil\nL'Homme au piano\nSérénade du Pavé (from the film French Cancan)\nSous le ciel de Paris\n1955\nUn grand amour qui s'achève\nMiséricorde\nC'est à Hambourg\nLégende\nLe Chemin des forains\nLa Vie en rose (Spanish)\n1956\nHeaven Have Mercy\nOne Little Man\n'Cause I Love You\nChante-Moi (English)\nDon't Cry\nI Shouldn't Care\nMy Lost Melody\nAvant nous\nEt pourtant\nMarie la Française\nLes amants d'un jour\nL'Homme à la moto\nSoudain une vallée\nUne dame\nToi qui sais\n1957\nLa Foule\nLes Prisons du roy\nOpinion publique\nSalle d'attente\nLes Grognards\nComme moi\n1958\nC'est un homme terrible\nJe me souviens d'une chanson\nJe sais comment\nTatave\nLes Orgues de barbarie\nEden Blues\nLe Gitan et la fille\nFais comme si\nLe Ballet des cœurs\nLes Amants de demain\nLes Neiges de Finlande\nTant qu'il y aura des jours\nUn étranger\nMon manège à moi\n1959\nMilord\nT'es beau, tu sais\n1960\nNon, je ne regrette rien\nLa Vie, l'amour\nRue de Siam\nJean l'Espagnol\nLa belle histoire d'amour\nLa Ville inconnue\nNon, la vie n'est pas triste\nKiosque à journaux\nLe Métro de Paris\nCri du cœur\nLes Blouses blanches\nLes Flons-Flons du bal\nLes Mots d'amour\nT'es l'homme qu'il me faut\nMon Dieu\nBoulevard du crime\nC'est l'amour\nDes histoires\nOuragan\nJe suis à toi\nLes Amants merveilleux\nJe m'imagine\nJérusalem\nLe vieux piano\n1961\nC'est peut-être ça\nLes bleuets d'azur\nQuand tu dors\nMon vieux Lucien\nLe Dénicheur\nJ'n'attends plus rien\nJ'en ai passé des nuits\nExodus\nFaut pas qu'il se figure\nLes Amants (with Charles Dumont)\nNo Regrets\nLe Billard électrique\nMarie-Trottoir\nQu'il était triste cet anglais\nToujours aimer\nMon Dieu (English version)\nLe Bruit des villes\nDans leur baiser\n1962\nLe Droit d'aimer\nÀ quoi ça sert l'amour (with Théo Sarapo)\nFallait-il\nUne valse\nInconnu excepte de dieu (with Charles Dumont)\nQuatorze Juillet\nLes Amants de Teruel (with Mikis Theodorakis/Jacques Plante)\nRoulez tambours\nMusique à tout va\nLe Rendez-vous\nToi, tu l'entends pas!\nCarmen's Story\nOn cherche un Auguste\nÇa fait drôle\nEmporte-moi\nPolichinelle\nLe petit brouillard (Un petit brouillard)\nLe Diable de la Bastille\n1963\nC'était pas moi\nLe Chant d'amour\nTiens, v'là un marin\nJ'en ai tant vu\nTraqué\nLes Gens\nMargot cœur gros\nMonsieur Incognito\nUn Dimanche à Londres (with Théo Sarapo)\nL'Homme de Berlin (her last recording)", "La garçonne (1936), Jean de Limur\nMontmartre-sur-Seine (1941), Georges Lacombe\nStar Without Light (1946), Marcel Blistène\nNeuf garçons, un cœur (1947), Georges Freedland\nParis Still Sings (1951), Pierre Montazel\nBoum sur Paris (1953), Maurice de Canonge\nSi Versailles m'était conté (1954), Sacha Guitry\nFrench Cancan (1954), Jean Renoir\nMúsica de Siempre (1958), sang \"La vida en rosa\", the Spanish version of \"La Vie en rose\".\nLes Amants de demain (1959), Marcel Blistène", "Le Bel Indifférent (1940), Jean Cocteau", "The following titles are compilations of Piaf's songs, and not reissues of the titles released while Piaf was active.\nEdith Piaf: Edith Piaf (Music For Pleasure MFP 1396) 1961\nSes Plus Belles Chansons (Contour 6870505) 1969\nThe Voice of the Sparrow: The Very Best of Édith Piaf, original release date: June 1991\nÉdith Piaf: 30th Anniversaire, original release date: 5 April 1994\nÉdith Piaf: Her Greatest Recordings 1935–1943, original release date: 15 July 1995\nThe Early Years: 1938–1945, Vol. 3, original release date: 15 October 1996\nHymn to Love: All Her Greatest Songs in English, original release date: 4 November 1996\nGold Collection, original release date: 9 January 1998\nThe Rare Piaf 1950–1962 (28 April 1998)\nLa Vie en rose, original release date: 26 January 1999\nMontmartre Sur Seine (soundtrack import), original release date: 19 September 2000\nÉternelle: The Best Of (29 January 2002)\nLove and Passion (boxed set), original release date: 8 April 2002\nThe Very Best of Édith Piaf (import), original release date: 29 October 2002\n75 Chansons (Box set/import), original release date: 22 September 2005\n48 Titres Originaux (import), (09/01/2006)\nÉdith Piaf: L'Intégrale/Complete 20 CD/413 Chansons, original release date: 27 February 2007\nÉdith Piaf: The Absolutely Essential 3 CD Collection/Proper Records UK, original release date: 31 May 2011", "Édith Piaf: A Passionate Life (24 May 2004)\nÉdith Piaf: Eternal Hymn (Éternelle, l'hymne à la môme, PAL, Region 2, import)\nPiaf: Her Story, Her Songs (June 2006)\nPiaf: La Môme (2007)\nLa Vie en rose (biopic, 2007)\nÉdith Piaf: The Perfect Concert and Piaf: The Documentary (February 2009)", "Music of France\nFrench popular music", "Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.\nHuey, Steve. Édith Piaf biography at AllMusic. Retrieved 22 December 2015.\nBurke, Carolyn. No Regrets: The Life of Edith Piaf, Alfred A. Knopf 2011, ISBN 978-0-307-26801-3.\nMorris, Wesley (15 June 2007). \"A complex portrait of a spellbinding singer\". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 3 September 2009.\nRainer, Peter (8 June 2007). \"'La Vie en rose': Édith Piaf's encore\". The Christian Science Monitor. Boston. Retrieved 3 September 2009.\n\"Biography: Édith Piaf\". Radio France Internationale Musique. Archived from the original on 27 February 2003. Retrieved 3 September 2009.\nVallois, Thirza (February 1998). \"Two Paris Love Stories\". Paris Kiosque. Archived from the original on 14 July 2007. Retrieved 9 August 2007.\nRay, Joe (11 October 2003). \"Édith Piaf and Jacques Brel live again in Paris: The two legendary singers are making a comeback in cafes and theatres in the City of Light\". Vancouver Sun. Canada. p. F3. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2007.\nSouvais, Michel. Arletty, confidences à son secrétaire (in French). Editions Publibook. ISBN 978-2-7483-8735-3.\nMonique Lange\nHistoire de Piaf, Ramsay, 1979\nDeath certificate Year 1890, France, Montluçon (03), 1890, N°501, 2E 191 194\nHer grandmother, Emma Saïd Ben Mohamed, was born in Mogador, Morocco, in December 1876, \" Emma Saïd ben Mohamed, d'origine kabyle et probablement connue au Maroc où renvoie son acte de naissance établi à Mogador, le 10 décembre 1876 \", Pierre Duclos and Georges Martin, Piaf, biographie, Éditions du Seuil, 1993, Paris, p. 41\n\"Her mother, half-Italian, half-Berber\", David Bret, Piaf: A Passionate Life, Robson Books, 1998, p. 2\nPiaf, un mythe français, Robert Belleret, Fayard, 2013\nPiaf, Simone Berteaut, Allen & Unwin (1970)\nWillsher, Kim (12 April 2015). \"France celebrates singer Edith Piaf with exhibition for centenary of her birth\". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2017.\n\"Piaf's Paris\". Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2013.\nFine, Marshall (4 June 2007). \"The soul of the Sparrow\". Daily News. New York. Retrieved 19 July 2007.\nMayer, Andre (8 June 2007). \"Songbird\". CBC. Retrieved 19 July 2007.\nThomson, Virgil. \"La Môme Piaf\", New York Herald Tribune, 9 November 1947.\nAnd the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-occupied Paris, Alan Riding Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 19 October 2010.\nVéronique Willemin, La Mondaine, histoire et archives de la Police des Mœurs, hoëbeke, 2009, p. 102.\n1940–1945 Années érotiques – tome 2: De la Grande Prostituée à la revanche des mâles Patrick Buisson Albin Michel, 8 April 2009.\nJeffries, Stuart (8 November 2003). \"The love of a poet\". The Guardian. United Kingdom. Retrieved 19 September 2007.\n\"Die Schließung der 'Maisons closes' lag im Zug der Zeit\", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 15 October 1996. (in German)\nSous l'œil de l'Occupant, la France vue par l'Allemagne, 1940–1944. Éditions Armand Colin, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-200-24853-6.\n\"Édith Piaf : la Môme, la vraie\", L'Express, 21 August 2013.\nRobert Belleret: Piaf, un mythe français. Verlag Fayard, Paris 2013.\nMyriam Chimènes, Josette Alviset: La vie musicale sous Vichy. Editions Complexe, 2001, S. 302.\n\"Edith Piaf\". Music and the Holocaust.\nFrank Prial: \"Still No Regrets: Paris Remembers Its Piaf\", The New York Times, 29 January 2004.\n\"Did Edith Piaf Make Fake Passports to Help Prisoners Escape from Nazi Camps?\", Snopes, 19 October 2017.\nMarcel Cerdan's tragic disappearance (1949) Archived 23 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine – Marcel Cerdan Heritage\nWilliam Langley (13 October 2013). \"Edith Piaf: Mistress of heartbreak and pain who had a few regrets after all\". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2015.\n\"Parisians mourn Edith Piaf\". The Guardian. 13 October 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2021.\n(in French) Édith Piaf funeral – Video Archived 20 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine – French TV, 14 October 1963, INA\nMusée Édith Piaf Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine\n\"Piaf Centennial Celebration – Town Hall\", review by Sandi Durell, Theater Pizzazz, 20 December 2015\n\"Review: A Grand Tribute to the Little Sparrow Édith Piaf\" by Stephen Holden, The New York Times, 20 December 2015", "The Wheel of Fortune: The Autobiography of Édith Piaf by Édith Piaf, translated by Peter Trewartha and Andrée Masoin de Virton. Peter Owen Publishers; ISBN 0-7206-1228-4 (originally published 1958 as Au bal de la chance)\nÉdith Piaf, by Édith Piaf and Simone Berteaut, published January 1982; ISBN 2-904106-01-4", "Berteaut, Simone (1965) [1958]. Robert Laffont (ed.). Au bal de la chance (in French). Translated by G. Boulanger. Paris: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-003669-5., translated into English\nThe Piaf Legend, by David Bret, Robson Books, 1988.\nPiaf: A Passionate Life, by David Bret, Robson Books, 1998, revised JR Books, 2007\n\"The Sparrow – Edith Piaf\", chapter in Singers & The Song (pp. 23–43), by Gene Lees, Oxford University Press, 1987, insightful critique of Piaf's biography and music.\nMarlene, My Friend, by David Bret, Robson Books, 1993. Dietrich dedicates a whole chapter to her friendship with Piaf.\nOh! Père Lachaise, by Jim Yates, Édition d'Amèlie 2007, ISBN 978-0-9555836-0-5. Piaf and Oscar Wilde meet in a pink-tinted Parisian Purgatory.\nPiaf, by Margaret Crosland. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1985, ISBN 0-399-13088-8. A biography.\nÉdith Piaf, secrète et publique, [by] Denise Gassion (sister of É. Piaf) & Robert Morcet, Ergo Press, 1988; ISBN 2-86957-001-5", "Newsreel on Édith Piaf's Life on YouTube\nÉdith Piaf at IMDb\nÉdith Piaf's songs\nGenealogy of Édith Piaf, Généalogie magazine, n° 233, pp. 30–36\nEdith Piaf and her Paris\nÉdith Piaf discography at Discogs\nFalling down the rabbit hole with Edith Piaf, in Bernay – childhood in Normandy." ]

[ "Édith Piaf", "Family", "Early life", "Singing career", "Role during the German occupation", "Personal life", "Death and legacy", "Films about Piaf", "Songs discography", "Filmography", "Theatre credits", "Discography", "On DVD", "See also", "References", "Sources", "Further reading", "External links" ]

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[ "Edith Scob at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival." ]

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[ "Édith Scob (21 October 1937 – 26 June 2019) was a French film and theatre actress, best known for her role as the daughter with a disfigured face in Eyes Without a Face (1960).", "Scob was born Édith Helena Vladimirovna Scobeltzine, the granddaughter of a Russian Army general and White Russian émigré. Her father was an architect and her mother a journalist. Her elder brother, Michel Scob (1935–1995), was a French cycling champion and Olympian. At age 14, she underwent treatment for anorexia. Her love of literature inspired an interest in theatre. Scob was studying French at the Sorbonne and taking drama classes when she was cast in her first role.\nShe and her husband, composer Georges Aperghis, have two sons, Alexander (born 1970) and Jerome (born 1972), both writers.", "Scob gained a high profile early in her career when she appeared in Eyes Without a Face (1960). She was twice nominated for the César Award for Best Supporting Actress for Summer Hours (2008) and Holy Motors (2012).\nFollowing the events of May 1968, Scob founded an avant-garde theatre in Bagnolet with her husband, composer Georges Aperghis, with the goal of introducing more culture to the most disadvantaged people.", "", "", "Mirande, Jean-Noël (24 February 2009). \"L'art de l'éclipse\". Libération (in French). Retrieved 21 April 2017.\n\"Mort de l'actrice Edith Scob, un visage familier du cinéma\". Le Figaro (in French). 26 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.\nMirande, Jean-Noël (7 July 2012). \"Édith Scob, l'actrice aux 100 visages\". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 21 April 2017.\n\"Entretien : Édith Scob - critikat.com - le site de critique de films\". Critikat (in French). 16 December 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2017.\n\"Les nominations aux César\". Le Parisien. 21 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.\nTartaglione, Nancy (25 January 2013). \"César Award Nominations: 'Camille Redouble' Leads With 13, 'Amour' Scores 10\". Deadline. Retrieved 21 April 2017.\nMorice, Jacques (5 April 2008). \"Edith Scob : des yeux saphir et... un visage, sur Cinécinéma Classic\". Télérama. Retrieved 21 April 2017.", "Édith Scob at IMDb" ]

[ "Édith Scob", "Early life and family", "Career", "Theatre", "Filmography", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Edilivre_-_Salon_du_Livre_de_Paris_2015.jpg" ]

[ "Édilivre is a French publishing company founded in 2007 and offering services in Paris. It is presented as a collaborative publishing platform, although critics have described it as a vanity press.", "Édilivre is part of the AParis company (along with Édithèse, Édidoc, ADomicile and Édifree). It is built on a community of more than 12,000 authors through 27 authors clubs in every region of France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, North Africa and overseas through social networks.\nThe books are published digitally or through print on demand. The publisher also offers printing of out-of-print books available through the Bibliothèque nationale de France's digital library, Gallica.\nThe publishing house presents itself as distinct from a vanity press, in which authors pay to have their books published. However, it does require authors to pay for several aspects of publication, if they so desire: proofreading, personalized covers, etc. It does not guarantee the promotion of its published works in bookstores, only that they will be available on its digital platform. Critics including Victor de Sepausy have petitioned in protest of the company, accusing it of being a vanity press in disguise.\nÉditions Édilivre has participated since its foundation at the Livre Paris book fair.", "Since its foundation, Édilivre has published more than 19,000 books in various fields:\nnovels, science fiction,\nthrillers, poetry, arts,\nstories, children's literature,\nmemoirs, biographies, travel books,\nessays, plays,\nguides, tourism,\nB2B books, professional books.", "sur infogreffe.fr.\n\"Edilivre poursuit sa croissance sur 2013\".\n\"Edilivre \"est très transparent avec ses auteurs\" (David Stut, AParis)\". ActuaLitté.com (in French). Retrieved 2021-02-11.\nSamedi 19 avril rencontre des auteurs ÉDILIVRE à 14h30 sur le site « Paroles d'Hucbald »\nBertrand Lenotre, « Edilivre, le pure player de l'édition » archive, on Digital Business News, 2015-02-23.\nIDBOOX, SUTTON Elizabeth-conseil en édition numérique et co-fondatrice. \"Exclu: 100 000 livres anciens de la BNF en impression à la demande maintenant en vente - IDBOOX\" (in French). Retrieved 2021-02-11.\n\"2 abonnées publiées chez Edilivre, nous font part de leur expérience\". 4 September 2013.\n\"Auteur autopublié, il commandait son propre livre sous différentes identités\". ActuaLitté.com (in French). Retrieved 2021-02-11.\n\"L'édition à la demande en plein boom\". Les Echos (in French). 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2021-02-11.\nPrésentation d'Édilivre au salon du livre de Paris.\n19 024 entrées enregistrés au catalogue de la Bibliothèque nationale de France en 2014", "Small press\nSelf-publishing\nPrint on demand", "Éditions Édilivre Official Website" ]

[ "Éditions Édilivre", "History", "Books edited", "Notes and references", "See also", "External links" ]

[ 3502 ]

[ 17047, 17048, 17049, 17050, 17051, 17052 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/P1330798_Paris_XIV_rue_Huyghens_detail_rwk.jpg" ]

[ "Éditions Albin Michel is a French publisher. In january 2022, the new director is Anna Pavlowitch, the daughter of Paul Pavlowitch, Romain Gary and Jean Seberg's nephew.", "It was founded in 1900 by Albin Michel. They published, first, Romain Rolland, Henri Barbusse, Roland Dorgelès, Henri Pourrat, Vercors, Robert Sabatier, and Didier Van Cauwelaert, Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt, Daphne du Maurier, Mary Higgins Clark, Stephen King or Thomas Harris.", "In 2016, Le Monde criticized the publication of far-right authors as Éric Zemmour, Philippe de Villiers, Patrick Buisson. Robert Ménard, also published by the house and identified as far-right mayor, denounced a bad economic strategy to cancel their contract with Zemmour running for the 2022 French presidential election.", "Ramona Badescu\nPhilip K. Dick\nLouis Lavelle\nEmmanuelle Ménard\nRobert Ménard\nÉric Naulleau\nIrène Némirovsky\nAmélie Nothomb\nMichel Onfray\nMaxence Van Der Meersch\nPhilippe de Villiers\nDavid Walliams\nBernard Werber, Exit\nJean-Pierre Willem\nÉric Zemmour", "Maîtres de la littérature étrangère", "Books in France", "Publishers weekly\nOpen Library\n\"Zemmour, de Villiers, Buisson... Quand Albin Michel faisait le pari de la droite radicale\". 3 June 2021.\n\"Robert Ménard sur la rupture du contrat entre les éditions Albin Michel et Éric Zemmour: \"Si c'est vrai, c'est dégueulasse\"\".", "Official Website" ]

[ "Éditions Albin Michel", "History", "Critics", "Authors", "Collections", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3503 ]

[ 17053, 17054, 17055, 17056 ]

[ "Company founder, Alphonse Leduc (1804–1868)", "1914 advertisement by Alphonse Leduc of Paris for mandolin music by Jules Cottin, R. Talamo, and Ferdinando de Cristofaro. From Philip J. Bone's book, The Guitar and Mandolin." ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Alphonse_Leduc_by_Marie-Alexandre_Alophe.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Mandolin_ads_1914.jpg" ]

[ "The Éditions Alphonse Leduc company is a prominent French music publishing house specializing in classical music. It was created in Paris in 1841. Since January 2014, Leduc is part of the Wise Music Group (formerly the Music Sales Group).", "Éditions Alphonse Leduc is a family business that has been passed down from father to son over five generations. The family is originally from Arnay-le-Duc, in the Burgundy region of France.\nThe family musical origins began in Arnay-le-Duc in Burgundy and its first musician, Antoine Girard. Girard was a violinist who left his father's weaving shop to turn his attention to art. His son Charles Girard, who was born in Arnay-le-Duc in 1754, moved to Nantes and was the first full-time musician. The Girards were a large family and its Nantes branch added Leduc to its name, taken from its place of origin Arnay-le-Duc. From then on all of the Girards of this branch were known as Girard-Leduc, and often, for the sake of simplification in business, just Leduc.", "Alphonse Leduc, teacher, composer, student and flute, guitar and bassoon pupil of Anton Reicha in Paris, was born in Nantes in 1804 and died in Paris in 1868. He transferred his publishing house from Nantes to Paris in 1841. His son, Alphonse-Charles Leduc (Paris 1844-1892), created the important instrumental teaching collections which became the company's specialty and have been constantly expanded ever since. Alphonse-Charles's son, Alphonse Émile Leduc (1878–1951), continued the teaching collections, developed the company's school auditions and published several important symphonic composers. His sons, Claude-Alphonse (1910–1995) and Gilbert Leduc (1911–1985), who entered the business in 1928, managed and further expanded Éditions A. Leduc from 1951 to 1985.", "Éditions Alphonse Leduc have absorbed a number of publishing companies during their existence, in recent years B.G., Bornemann, C.Y., Gras, Hamelle, Heugel, Hortensia, King, Notissimo and Ouvrières . They are exclusive agents in France for: Anton J. Benjamin (hire), Carl Fischer Music (hire), Dilia (hire), Joaquín Rodrigo (sales), E.P.T.C. (Editions & Productions Théatrales Chappell) (hire), F.M.T. (hire), Hug, Foetisch, Pelikan (sales), Lido Mélodies (sales), Marine Handler (hire), M.E.L. (Musique en ligne) (hire), Mercury (hire), Misterioso (sales), Moeck (hire), Pan Educational Music (sales), P.W.M. (hire), Schott Musik International (hire), Schirmer, A.M.P. (sales), Sikorski (sales), Sonzogno (hire), Southern Music Co. (sales and hire), Suvini-Zerboni (Sugar Music) (hire), Theodore Presser (sales and hire), Touch of Brass (sales), U.M.P. (sales and hire), Virgo (sales), Warner Chappell Music France (hire), Zen-On (sales and hire).\nThey are non-exclusive in France for P.W.M. (sales) and Suvini-Zerboni (sales) and non-exclusive worldwide for U.M.P. (sales)(except U.K. and U.S.A.).\nThrough Diffusion BIM, Alphonse Leduc also distributes internationally the brass music of all publishers worldwide.\nAlphonse Leduc and its subsidiary company Heugel have taken control of the well-known American music publishing and distribution company King Music, thus becoming a group of international scope.", "The history of the publishing house Heugel dates back to 1839 when Jacques Léopold Heugel became the associate of the music publisher Jean-Antoine Meissonnier. They acquired a periodical, Le Ménestrel, which had been founded in 1833 and was issued until 1940. Their association ended in 1842 when Heugel took over sole control. Léopold Heugel was succeeded on his death in 1883 by his son Henri, since when the company remained in the family until it was bought by Leduc in 1980.\nThe Heugel catalogue includes all musical genres, both French and international, in particular opera and operetta (Jules Massenet, Ambroise Thomas, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Édouard Lalo, Léo Delibes, Jacques Offenbach, etc.). Since 1920 Heugel has published much modern music, including that of Reynaldo Hahn, Joseph Canteloube, Francis Poulenc, Darius Milhaud, André Jolivet, and more recently Pierre Boulez, Henri Dutilleux, Betsy Jolas, Gilbert Amy. Le Pupitre, a collection of early music, was started in 1967 under the general editorship of François Lesure; its critical editions are highly respected by musicologists all over the world.", "Hamelle was founded in 1877 by Julien Hamelle who had taken over the catalogue of Maho, a company founded in 1851. Julien Hamelle directed the firm until his death in 1917, when he was succeeded by his son Georges-Edgard. The catalogue, acquired and now distributed by Éditions Leduc, includes an important collection of piano music. Hamelle also published works of Édouard Lalo, Vincent d'Indy, Gabriel Pierné, Camille Saint-Saëns, Charles-Marie Widor, and in particular, those of Gabriel Fauré (Requiem, Élégie, Pavane, as well as the famous Mélodies etc.)", "The fifth generation is represented by François Leduc (Claude's son) and Basile Crichton (the nephew of Claude and Gilbert Leduc), who have been the managers of the company since 1985, assisted by their respective brothers, Jean Leduc et Michel Crichton. François Leduc died on December 15, 2016, at the age of 77 years old.\nAlphonse Leduc was acquired by the Music Sales Group in January 2014. The Music Sales Group changed its name to Wise Music Group in February 2020", "", "\"Music Sales changes name to Wise Music Group, signs Ólafur Arnalds and Evan Dando of The Lemonheads\". Music Business Worldwide. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2021.\n\"Music Sales Group buys Éditions Alphonse Leduc | Complete Music Update\". Retrieved 20 August 2021.\n\"WMCParis\".\n\"Francois H. Girard-Leduc (unknown-2016) - Find a...\" www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 12 February 2022.", "Alphonse Leduc English site" ]

[ "Éditions Alphonse Leduc", "History", "Alphonse Leduc", "Absorbed companies", "Heugel", "Hamelle", "Present day", "See also", "Notes and references", "External links" ]

[ 3504, 3505 ]

[ 17057, 17058, 17059, 17060, 17061, 17062, 17063, 17064, 17065, 17066, 17067, 17068, 17069 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Durand_Salabert_Eschig_logo.jpg" ]

[ "Éditions Durand are a music publishing company of French origin, among the most important in the field of classical music, which includes three previously independent publishers:\nÉditions Durand — the oldest of the three companies — established in 1869 by Auguste Durand and Louis Schönewerk.\nÉditions Salabert established in 1878 by Édouard Salabert\nÉditions Eschig established in 1907 by Max Eschig.", "The Éditions Durand, a family business from 1869 to 1982, had as successive directors from its foundation on December 30, 1869 to 2000:\nAuguste Durand (1830-1909) from 1869 to his death in 1909, with the German Louis Schönewerk (1814-18???) as a partner from 1869 to 1891, during which period the company was called Éditions Durand-Schönewerk & Cie, before changing its corporate name on 19 November 1891 to Éditions A. Durand & Fils, when Auguste's son Jacques, became associated with the company\nJacques Durand (1865-1928) son of the former, from 1909 to his death in 1928, the firm now being called, from 23 December 1909, Éditions Durand & Cie, Jacques Durand being associated with his cousin Gaston Choisnel (1857-1921) then, from April 1921, with another cousin, René Dommange\nRené Dommange (1888-1977) cousin of the former, from 1928 to his death in 1977\nGuy Kaufmann (1923-2010), nephew of the former, from 1977 to 1982\nJean-Manuel Mobillion de Scarano, known as Jean-Manuel de Scarano, from 1982 to 2000.\nThe historic headquarters of Éditions Durand was located at 4 Place de la Madeleine in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. Since 1980, it has moved several times:first, to 21 rue Vernet in the 8th arrondissement as of June 1, 1980, then 215 Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré in the 8th arrondissement, 4-6 Place de la Bourse in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris. In addition, the firm had a warehouse at 1 avenue de la Marne in Asnières-sur-Seine, where the archives of the publishing house were kept.\nDuring its history, Éditions Durand acquired various publishers, including:\nÉditions Flaxland in 1869, founded around 1860 by the Strasbourg native Gustave Flaxland (1847-1895) and whose headquarters were located at 4 Place de la Madeleine in the 8th arrondissement, which became the first headquarters of Éditions Durand; the catalogue was composed of more than 1,400 titles and included lieder by Robert Schumann and Tannhaüser by Richard Wagner\nÉditions Eschig in 1987\nÉditions Amphion in 1987\nÉditions Le Rideau Rouge beginning of the 1990s", "", "The catalogue of Éditions Durand includes works of the composers Louis Aubert, Alfred Bachelet, Ermend Bonnal, Henri Büsser, André Caplet, Claude Debussy, Claude Delvincourt, Paul Dukas, Maurice Duruflé, Gabriel Fauré, Pierre-Octave Ferroud, Jacques Ibert, Vincent d'Indy, André Jolivet, Victorin de Joncières, Édouard Lalo, Jules Massenet, Olivier Messiaen, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Maurice Ravel, Jean Roger-Ducasse, Joseph-Guy Ropartz, Albert Roussel, Camille Saint-Saëns, Gustave Samazeuilh, Florent Schmitt, Pierre Vellones, Charles-Marie Widor.\nSince the 1980s, Gilbert Amy, Nicolas Bacri, Claude Ballif, Édith Canat de Chizy, Renaud Gagneux, Philippe Hersant, François-Bernard Mâche, Philippe Manoury, Yan Maresz, Laurent Petitgirard have been among the composers included in the catalogue.\nIn addition to the publication of contemporary composers, Éditions Durand undertook an edition of the complete works of Jean-Philippe Rameau under the initial direction of Camille Saint-Saëns (edition interrupted in 1918).\nIn 1914, Éditions Durand launched the important collection \"Édition classique Durand & Fils\", with editions of 19th century works by famous composers: piano sonatas and sonatas for violin and piano by Beethoven revised by Paul Dukas, piano works by Frederic Chopin revised by Claude Debussy, violin sonatas by Haydn revised by Florent Schmitt, piano works by Felix Mendelssohn revised by Maurice Ravel, chamber music by Felix Mendelssohn revised by Albert Roussel, piano works by Robert Schumann revised by Gabriel Fauré.", "In addition to music publishing, the firm published a collection of theoretical works, written by Jacques Durand and others: \n(Éléments d’harmonie), Ernest Guiraud (Traité pratique d'instrumentation), Vincent d'Indy (Cours de composition musicale) written in collaboration with Auguste Sérieyx, Léon Roques (Principes théoriques et pratiques de la transposition).\nÉditions Durand also published, under the title \"Littérature musicale\", a collection of monographs on composers (Louis Aubert by Louis Vuillemin, Claude Debussy by Daniel Chennevière, Paul Dukas by Gustave Samazeuilh, Gabriel Fauré by Louis Vuillemin, Vincent d'Indy by Louis Borgex, Maurice Ravel by Roland-Manuel, Roger-Ducasse by Laurent Ceillier, Albert Roussel by Louis Vuillemin, Camille Saint-Saëns by Jean Bonnerot, etc.) or about particular compositions (for example Ascanio, Fervaal and Tannhäuser), and also the memoirs of publisher Jacques Durand.", "In addition, under the direction of Jacques Durand, Éditions Durand organized on several occasions chamber music concerts, and sometimes even orchestral music concerts, to promote the authors in its catalogue : in 1910, 1911, 1912 and 1913. and, later, 1927.", "\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"Musée SACEM\". musee.sacem.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"Musée SACEM\". musee.sacem.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\nAnik Devriès-Lesure (2002). \"Un siècle d'implantation allemande en France dans l'édition musicale (1760-1860)\". Le concert et son public : Mutations de la vie musicale en Europe de 1780 à 1914 (France, Germany, England) (in French). Paris: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"Musée SACEM\". musee.sacem.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"Musée SACEM\". musee.sacem.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"Legifrance\". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). 14 July 1993. Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"Music Industry News Network\". mi2n.com. 22 March 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2019.\n\"BnF\". data.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.\nÉditions le Rideau rouge on Amazon\n\"BnF\". catalogue.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2019.", "Jacques Durand, Quelques souvenirs d’un éditeur de musique, Paris, Durand, 1924, 136 p.\nJacques Durand, Quelques souvenirs d’un éditeur de musique. 2nd series (1910-1924), Paris, Durand, 1926, 162 p.\nJacques Durand, Lettres de Claude Debussy à son éditeur, Paris, Durand, 1927, 191 p.\nRobert Bernard, Jacques Durand (1865-1928), Genève, Édition de la Revue mensuelle, 1929, 100 p.\nRené Dommange and Lola Dommange, 1869-1969 : Livre du centenaire des Éditions Durand & Cie, Paris, Durand, 1969. 83 p.\nAnik Devriès-Lesure and François Lesure, Dictionnaire des éditeurs de musique français, volume II: De 1820 à 1914, Geneva, Minkoff, 1988.\nJacques Depaulis, Lettres de Roger-Ducasse à son éditeur Jacques Durand, Revue de la Société liégeoise de Musicologie, 8, 1997, p. 5-126.\nAlain Surrans, L'édition musicale en France, Paris, Association française d'action artistique (AFAA), 1998.\nRobert S. Nichols, Nigel Simeone and Jeremy Drake, \"Durand\", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, London, Macmillan, 2001, vol. 7, p. 736-737.\nRobert S. Nichols and Jeremy Drake, \"Salabert\", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, London, Macmillan, 2001.\nRobert S. Nichols and Jeremy Drake, \"Eschig, Max[imilian]\", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, London, Macmillan, 2001.\nChristian Voisin and François Doury, Le manoir de Bel-Ebat et la musique française autour de Claude Debussy, foreword by Michel Denis, Héricy, Editions du Puits Fleuri, 2002, 228 p.\nMarc Vignal (under the direction of), Dictionnaire de la musique, Paris, Larousse, 2005 (new edition). (notices on Éditions Durand, p. 322; Éditions Eschig, p. 350; Éditions Salabert, p. 876)", "Éditions Durand Salabert Eschig Official website\nCatalogue PDF Durand Salabert Eschig-Hal Leonard Europe Dealers\nMax Eschig, on L'encyclopédie multimedia de la comédie musicale théâtrale en France (1918-1944), by Jacques Gana\nSalabert, on L'encyclopédie multimedia de la comédie musicale théâtrale en France (1918-1944), by Jacques Gana" ]

[ "Éditions Durand", "History", "Publications", "Composers", "Other publications", "Concerts", "References", "Bibliography (chronological order)", "External links" ]

[ 3506 ]

[ 17070, 17071, 17072, 17073, 17074, 17075, 17076, 17077, 17078, 17079, 17080, 17081, 17082, 17083, 17084, 17085, 17086, 17087, 17088 ]

[ "Éditions Karthala" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/%C3%89ditions_Karthala.JPG" ]

[ "Karthala is a French publishing house specializing in the history, sociology, religion, languages and geopolitics of developing countries.\nIts headquarters is at 22-24 boulevard Arago in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, France.\nKarthala was founded in 1980 by Robert Ageneau, who was previously editor of the journal Spiritus (1969 - 1974), member of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit and co-director of another publishing house, Harmattan.\nKarthala was founded with the aim of publishing texts on international issues related to developing countries. Twenty years after the independence movements of the 1950s and 1960s, there was felt to be a need for new approaches to what was then known as the \"Third World\", and in particular Africa.\nIn 2011, the Karthala catalogue contained some 2200 titles. It is mainly composed of human, political and social sciences. Early publications focused on Africa, the Maghreb, the Arab world, Islam, Latin America, and the countries of the Indian Ocean and the Caribbean. The quarterly journal Politique africaine was also launched at this time. Literary studies, travel books, and collections of folktales have also present from the start as well as a series of dictionaries and other linguistic studies.\nDuring the 1990s, Karthala expanded and diversified its catalogue to included Asia, Central Europe and Eastern Europe. Topical series have been created (including series on World Medicine, Childhood, International Research, and contemporary Christianity). Karthala currently publishes around 120 new titles a year.\nIn 2014, Xavier Audrain became director of Karthala.\nThe publishing house takes its name from Mount Karthala, an active volcano in the Comoros.", "L'Harmattan\nJames Currey", "\"Karthala Editions - Company Profile and News - Bloomberg Markets\". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2020-06-07.\n\"Editions Karthala on Apple Podcasts\". Apple Podcasts. Retrieved 2020-06-07.\n\"Karthala Editions - Paris 13 75013 (Paris), 22 Bd Arago 22, SIREN 319\". gb.kompass.com. Retrieved 2020-06-07.\n\"Dossier : La théologie et le monde de l'édition\". Croire.com. 2011.\n\"L'HARMATTAN - Liste des collections - nooSFere\". www.noosfere.org.\n\"Karthala, le \" volcan \" du boulevard Arago\".\n\"Articles from Editions Karthala\". Cairn International Edition. 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2020-09-28.\n\"Les éditions Karthala prennent un coup de jeune\".", "http://www.karthala.com\nhttps://www.facebook.com/KarthalaEdition\nhttps://twitter.com/KarthalaEdition" ]

[ "Éditions Karthala", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3507 ]

[ 17089, 17090 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Logo_M%C3%A9lanie_Seteun.jpg" ]

[ "The Éditions Mélanie Seteun are a publishing association dedicated to \"taking popular music seriously, especially within the French-speaking world. They publish Volume! the French Journal of Popular Music Studies, book collections (\"Musique et Société\", \"Musique et environnement professionnel\"), and participate in several activities promoting their field of study in France.", "", "The Éditions Mélanie Seteun started their activities by creating the \"Music et Société\" collection of books dealing with popular music, as well as one others (politics with the \"Rock & Politics\" collection, and more recently, popular music and institutions with the \"Musique et Environnement professionnel\" collection).", "The founders, Gérôme Guibert and Samuel Étienne, founded Volume! in 2002 with Marie-Pierre Bonniol, to create an academic space for popular music studies. The journal has published, as of 2017, 29 issues, on themes such as countercultures, black music, postcolonialism, the alternative music press.\nVolume! has been online since 2013, on French-speaking portals Revues.org and Cairn.info, as well as on RILM Abstracts with Full Text since 2016.", "The Éditions Mélanie Seteun have directed the electronic publication of the first French popular music studies journal Vibrations. Musiques, médias, société, created by Antoine Hennion, Jean-Rémy Julien and Jean-Claude Klein in the mid-1980s, on the French academic portal Persée.", "It also published a special international, English edition of its \"countercultures\" issues with Ashgate Publishing, a partnership with the Éditions Mélanie Seteun that had already taken place for the publication of the book Stereo: Comparative Perspectives on the Sociological Study of Popular Music in France and Britain.", "", "It has co-organized many conferences, among which: \n\"Rock and violences in Europe (1955-1990)\", in 2017;\n\"Conçues pour durer. Perspectives francophones sur les musiques hip-hop\";\n\"Heavy metal et sciences sociales : un état des lieux de la recherche francophone\" in Angers (December 2014),;\nthe 2013 \"Changing the Tune. Popular music and politics in the XXIst century\" international conference in Strasbourg with the German association ASPM and the French branch of the IASPM.;\nIn November 2012, it participated in the conference on \"Digital Publishing in the Humanities. Perspectives from France and Canada\" organized by the French Consulate in Toronto, the French Institute, the University of Toronto, and York University.;\n\"What is it we call “Black music”?\" in Bordeaux, 2010.", "It organizes events (conferences, concerts) with various institutions, such as the Musée du Quai Branly, the Centre Georges Pompidou public library, the Cité de la Musique, the Philharmonie de Paris, La Gaîté Lyrique, the Collège International de Philosophie, or the Centre Musical Fleury Goutte d'Or-Barbara, as well as with record labels/festivals, such as the festival \"F.A.M.E. Film Music & Experience\" in March 2014, or in May 2012, the \"Humanist Records Festival #3\" and venues, such as the Point Éphémère.\nThe \"Great Black Music\" exhibit at the Cité de la Musique in Paris was co-curated by journalist Marc Benaïche and ethnomusicologist Emmanuel Parent. The latter, a member of the journal's team since 2004, had co-organized the 2010 \"What is it we call Black Music?\" (Peut-on parler de musique noire ?) conference in Bordeaux whose proceedings were published in Volume! (n°8-1, 2011). He was also in charge of editing the exhibit's catalogue.", "From October 2012 to January 2013, Volume! editors were offered sequences on François Saltiel's show on Le Mouv'., and the Radio Télévision Suisse dedicated two issues of \"Histoire Vivante\" to Volume! in October 2013. A partnership with the website La vie des idées, created by historian Pierre Rosanvallon, to publish reviews of books dealing with popular music, was started in November 2013.", "Simon Frith, Taking Popular Music Seriously, Ashgate, 2007, 343 pp. Cf. also this interview with Philip Tagg.\nSee the portal's list\nVibrations, on Persée.\nCf. Jordan Blum, Review of Countercultures and Popular Music, Pop Matters, 13 November 2014, and this review.\nHugh Dauncey and Philippe Le Guern (2010), Stereo: Comparative Perspectives on the Sociological Study of Popular Music in France and Britain, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4094-0568-9 ; Sheila Whiteley et Jedediah Sklower (2014), Countercultures and Popular Music, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4724-2106-7.\nProgramme.\nProgramme., in 2017\nSophian Fanen, Gérôme Guibert : «Le metal donne à ses fans une forme d’énergie face à l’adversité», Libération, 26 December 2014.\nCf. the program here.\nthis review of the conference in the academic journal Le Temps des Médias, this announcement, in the journal Rue 89, or this reference on the journal Sibetrans.\nPopular Music and Politics CFP, mentioning the ASPM.\nthe presentation of the conference.\nPresentation.\nMusée du Quai Branly.\n\"Trafic de Stéréotypes. Le rap, entre business et style\", De Ligne en ligne n°9, October 2012, pp. 32-33, broadcast on France Culture here.\n\"POP MUSIC - POP MUSÉE - Un nouveau défi patrimonial\". Cité de la musique. Retrieved 2012-07-31. ; download the programme.\nThe conferences \"La scène punk en France\", \"watching music.\nthis conference on hip-hop, or this series on \"blackness and queerness\", popular music and teenagers and musical hits.\nthis series of conferences on listening to \"electrified music\".\nthis conference on gender and racial issues in hip-hop, this one on popular music and the 1960s counterculture.\nThree debates.\nArticle in Libération.\n\"Partenaires\". Humanist Records Festival #3. Retrieved 2012-07-31. .\nDebate on \"Sound Factory\", here, published by the Éditions Mélanie Seteun, on the \"countercultures\" issue as well as on the \"listening\" one.\nTerm coined by members of the Art Ensemble of Chicago in the mid-1960s.\nExhibit's website.\nThe presentation of the exhibit.\nThe following articles and interviews: in Telerama here, Libération here, L'Humanité here, Le Point here, Europe 1 here, TSF Jazz here.\nCV Emmanuel Parent.\nhere.\nActes Sud's website\nshow on rock museums, Show on the counterculture in France.\nCf. this interview of G. Guibert and this one of J. Sklower.\n\"Le bruissement de la raison\", 2 December 2013, or \"Dancing with the devil. Panorama des 'metal studies'\", 5 November 2013.", "Volume's first website" ]

[ "Éditions Mélanie Seteun", "Publications", "Book collections", "Volume ! the French Journal of Popular Music Studies", "Vibrations. Musiques, médias, société", "Ashgate partnership", "Events", "Conferences", "Partnerships with institutions", "Media", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3508 ]

[ 17091, 17092, 17093, 17094, 17095, 17096, 17097, 17098, 17099, 17100, 17101, 17102, 17103, 17104, 17105 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/LogoRing2016.jpg" ]

[ "Ring is a French publishing company founded in 2012 by David Kersan, also known as David Serra. It publishes thrillers, novels, non-fiction and comics. It is considered to a have far-right political position and publishes material from controversial authors.", "Ring was established in 2012 in the same vein as the magazine Sur le ring.\nAuthors published by Ring include Stéphane Bourgoin, Joël Houssin, Laurent Obertone, Zineb El Rhazoui, Frédérique Lantieri, Dominique Rizet, Philippe Verdier, Ghislain Gilberti, Norman Mailer, Jocko Willink and Marsault.\nIn January 2016, Ring started a pocket-side collection called La mécanique générale, where successful titles are reprinted after two years. In 2019, the stand of Ring at the Brussels Book Fair was vandalised.\n\nRing had a 785 000-euro revenue and a 130 000-euro benefit by late 2013, which Les Inrockuptibles stated was\nan impressive number given the small catalogue — around 40 books — and small team\nIn 2014, revenue fell below 250 000 euros.\nXavier Raufer has been involved with Ring.", "La Mécanique Générale (LMG) :\nLMG Documents : news, social reporting, personal accounts and non-fiction\nLMG Thrillers : fictions, thrillers\nRing Blanche : general literature\nRing Noir  : thrillers, police drama\nMurder Ballads  : documents and true crimes", "Scholar Pascal Durand has qualified Ring as being typical of a \"neo-reactionnary\" posture. Libération sees Ring as a component of the Far Right, and has criticised its promotion of texts is deems to be xenophobic (La France Orange mécanique by Laurent Obertone, a compilation of crimes partially attributed to children of immigrants; Une élection ordinaire by journalist Geoffroy Lejeune, a fictional account of the election of Éric Zemmour for President of the French Republic); of climato-sceptics (such as a book by former meteo journalist Philippe Verdier).\nJ.-L. Hippolyte, from Rutgers University-Camden, quotes a short portrait of Maurice G. Dantec, one of the star authors of Ring, by founder Serra, as being a \"Christian Zionist, pro-American, anti-laic, counter-Revolutionary militant.\n\nA reporting on \"the Far-Right attack on publishing\", Ellen Salvi, a Mediapart journalist, states that in 2016, \nwithin four years, it had settled in the media landscape by publishing fiction and non-fiction that was deliberately inflammatory, promoted by anxiogen advertising as well as by an aggressive usage of social media.\n\nDavid Serra has rejected the \"Far-Right\" qualification, stating that he \"cares little for politics\" and that \"it is not because [he had] published a couple of Right-Wing authors [that he shared their opinions]. Les Inrockuptibles underlined that \nthe magazine Sur le ring, founded by the very same Serra, has nevertheless been quite politically oriented, as its motto states: it is about ‘‘bombing that dirty humanist atmosphere’’. \"Ennemies\" are angrily listed: ‘‘Altermondialists, rappers, feminists, antiracists, bobos’’…", "\"Ring, des éditions qui sentent le soufre - Œil sur le front\". oeilsurlefront.liberation.fr (in French). Retrieved 2019-02-15.\n\"Une exposition du dessinateur Marsault déprogrammée à la suite de menaces\". FIGARO. 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2019-02-15.\nMoreau, Alexis (2015-12-12). \"Les Inrocks - Ring, l'éditeur trash qui défie les poids lourds du marché\". Les Inrocks.\nmagazine, Le Point (2012-06-23). \"Les éditions Ring, passeurs de nouveaux mondes\" (in French). Retrieved 2016-09-26.\nCatalogue sur le site de l'éditeur.\nRING. \"Éditions Ring - Maison d'édition de thrillers, true crimes, document d'actualité et biographies musicales\". ring.fr. Retrieved 2016-09-26.\n\"Foire du livre: le stand de Zineb El Rhazoui saccagé\". lacapitale.be. 15 February 2019.\n\"Mais que fait une dessinatrice bordelaise dans l'affaire du stand saccagé d'un éditeur à Bruxelles ?\". rue89bordeaux.com. 20 February 2019..\nPascal Durand (2015). \"Le marché des radicaux libres. Sur quelques conditions médiatiques de la posture « néo-réactionnaire\". Quaderni. 2 (87): 101–118. Retrieved 3 August 2017.. Via Cairn.info.\nRobin d’Angelo (15 January 2017). \"Ring, des éditions qui sentent le soufre\". liberation.fr. Retrieved 16 January 2017..\nHippolyte, Jean-Louis (2009). \"Paranoia and Christianity in Maurice Dantec's Crime Fiction\". Studies in 20Th & 21St Century Literature. 33. doi:10.4148/2334-4415.1693.\nEllen Salvi (June 2016). \"La droite extrême à l'assaut du livre\". Revue du crieur. No. 4. p. 125.", "", "Official website" ]

[ "Éditions Ring", "History", "Collections", "Editorial stance", "Notes and references", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3509 ]

[ 17106, 17107, 17108, 17109, 17110, 17111, 17112, 17113, 17114, 17115, 17116 ]

[ "", "Founder Louise Hanson-Dyer" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7d/%C3%89ditions_de_l%27Oiseau-Lyre_logo.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Louise_Dyer_ca._1920.jpg" ]

[ "Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre (commonly referred to as L'Oiseau-Lyre) is a French music publishing company and a classical music record label that specialises in Early and Baroque music. It was founded in 1932 as a publisher of scholarly editions of Early music that had never been previously published. Its specialist recording arm, developed from the 1960s onwards, grew into a specialist label that is now a part of Decca.", "The company was financed and established in Paris in 1932 by Louise Dyer (later Hanson-Dyer), an Australian pianist and philanthropist.\nDyer had settled in France two years earlier and energetically amassed a collection of manuscripts and printed music, lyrics and dissertations of the Early, Baroque and Classical music periods. \"L'Oiseau-Lyre\", the French name for the Australian lyrebird, was chosen by her; the company logo was a representation of the (displaying male) bird's tail.\nDyer's aim was to produce historical editions of European composers of the 15th to 19th Centuries. The first project was an Oeuvres complètes (Complete Works) of François Couperin. No expense was spared in scholarship or printing, and the resulting 12-volume collection was published in 1933, the 200th anniversary of the composer's death. She was appointed chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur in 1934 in recognition of this achievement. She moved the company to Monaco in 1948 after a hiatus attributable to WWII.\nLouise died in 1962, and her (second) husband Jeff Hanson continued publication of fine editions, but moved the company's focus to producing high-quality recordings.\nJeff Hanson died the following year but Margarita M. Hanson, his second wife, continued to run the publishing business until 1996. Under her guidance, the 25-volume Polyphonic Music of the Fourteenth Century was published, followed by the Magnus Liber Organi and Le Grand Clavier series, much with the substantial collaboration and financial assistance of the University of Melbourne. Margarita retired in 1995, and control of the company was passed to Davitt Moroney, a harpsichordist and music scholar who had been with the firm since 1981.\nFollowing Davitt Moroney’s departure in 2001, Kenneth Gilbert became Président délégué, bringing the seven-volume Magnus Liber Organi series to conclusion. A number of new editions were also released, including Louis Couperin’s Organ works and revised reprints of earlier Oiseau-Lyre editions.\nLes Éditions de l’Oiseau-Lyre ended its presence in Europe in 2013, reverting to the parent holding, Lyrebird Press, at the University of Melbourne.\nThe Hanson-Dyer collection is now in the Louise Hanson-Dyer Music Library at the University of Melbourne, Australia.", "The recording arm of Oiseau-Lyre developed by Jeff Hanson produced an extensive catalogue of hundreds of LP records featuring rare and previously unrecorded Early and Baroque music, often performed by young artists. Oiseau-Lyre was the first record company to issue 33rpm LPs in France. The technical side of the recordings was handled by engineers from the Decca Recording Company. In 1970, Hanson sold the recording branch to Decca, which continued using the Oiseau-Lyre name as their specialised Early music label. Peter Wadland took over as label manager of L'Oiseau-Lyre and developed a recording partnership with the Academy of Ancient Music and Christopher Hogwood (Purcell's theatre music, Mozart's complete symphonies, Beethoven's complete symphonies and piano concertos). Many noted Oiseau-Lyre recordings feature performances by artists on \"period instruments\", including fortepiano recordings of the Beethoven piano sonatas played by Malcolm Binns, and a number of Renaissance recordings by The Consort of Musicke and Anthony Rooley.", "\"About Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre\". Faculty of Fine Arts and Music. University of Melbourne. 22 November 2017. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.\nJolly, James (2 July 1992). \"Obituary: Peter Wadland\". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.\ncurrent publications of Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre", "Catalogue of musical scores in the Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre at the University of Melbourne\nÉditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre recordings at Discogs.com" ]

[ "Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre", "History", "Record Label", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3510 ]

[ 17117, 17118, 17119, 17120, 17121, 17122, 17123, 17124 ]

[ "The historical building (1935–2010) at rue Jacob" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Immeuble_historique_du_Seuil.JPG" ]

[ "Éditions du Seuil ([edisjɔ̃ dy sœj]), also known as Le Seuil, is a French publishing house established in 1935 by Catholic intellectual Jean Plaquevent (1901–1965), and currently owned by La Martinière Groupe. It owes its name to this goal \"The seuil (threshold) is the whole excitement of parting and arriving. It is also the brand new threshold that we refashion at the door of the Church to allow entry to many whose foot gropes around it\" (Jean Plaquevent, letter dated 28 December 1934).", "Éditions du Seuil was the publisher of the Don Camillo series, and of Chairman Mao Zedong's Little Red Book. The large sales that these generated have allowed the house to publish more specialized titles, particularly in the social sciences. Seuil is widely respected in the publishing world, maintaining good relations with its authors. Seuil has published works by Jacques Lacan, Roland Barthes and Philippe Sollers (in his first period), and later by Edgar Morin, Maurice Genevoix and Pierre Bourdieu. Notably, they published Frantz Fanon's doctoral thesis, Black Skin, White Masks, in 1952, and the first edition of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's The Gulag Archipelago (in Russian as Архипелаг ГУЛАГ) in 1973.\nSimilarly, Seuil's good relations with book retailers have allowed it to establish significant distribution activity, ensuring the circulation of the works of such publishers as Odile Jacob, Éditions de Minuit, José Corti, and Rivages.\nÉditions du Seuil has also performed significant activities in children's literature. The house has promoted and published many great French children's authors; in 2005 Éditions du Seuil was the first to offer to the public animated films included in their albums that were produced by the artists themselves, such as À Quai by Sara and Promenade d'un distrait, by Béatrice Alemagna.", "In 1937, Éditions du Seuil was bought by Paul Flamand and Jean Bardet. In 1979 these two left the direction to Michel Chodkiewicz.\nThe leadership was subsequently ensured by Claude Cherki from 1989. Cherki was involved in the purchase of Seuil by La Martinière on 12 January 2004. Six months later he was obliged to resign as a result of his interest in this operation. Cherki was replaced by Pascal Flamand (Président-directeur général) and Olivier Cohen (publishing director). The latter created a subsidiary called L'Olivier. Following the purchase by La Martinière, the Volumen distribution company was created. Numerous logistical problems arose, and several editors left the publishing house.\nIn November 2005, Éditions du Seuil announced the arrival of Laure Adler to oversee its literature department. Olivier took back control of his publishing house L'Olivier. Points, a pocket subsidiary of Seuil, became a publisher in its own right. The house continued its policy of growth, amalgamating the publishers Danger Public and Petit à petit. Significant tension developed and in 2006 the editor Hervé Hamon (who had a loyal record of 20 publications with Seuil in the capacity of an author) left, declaring that the author was no longer at the centre of the operation.\nIn August 2006, the group announced a new director general, the journalist and writer Denis Jeambar, who had formerly been deputy director of editing for Point, and president of the L'Express-L'Expansion group, and editing director of L'Express. Towards the end of 2006, Laure Adler was dismissed.", "The \"bookstore of the 21st century\" collection was created by Maurice Olender in 1989. After having created the \"texts of the 20th century\" collection of 19 titles at Hachette in 1985, Olender devised the \"bookstore of the 20th century\", which subsequently turned into the \"21st century\". It comprised 143 titles as of 2009. The authors who were first published by Hachette followed Olender to Seuil. The magazine Page des libraires presented the collection and its director as follows: \nTo the books of Paul Celan [...], Perec, Vernant, Pastoureau, Borges, Rancière, Tabucchi, Lydia Flem, Starobinski [...] are added the works of [...] Yves Bonnefoy, Pascal Dusapin and the final novel of François Maspero.", "Champ Freudien\nCombats\nFiction et Cie\nHistoire immédiate\nMicrocosme: Ecrivains de toujours\nMicrocosme: Petit Planète\nMicrocosme: Maîtres Spirituels\nMicrocosme: Le Rayon de la Science\nMicrocosme: Solfèges\nMicrocosme: Le Temps qui court\nPeuple et culture\nPoint Virgule\nPoints", "Books in France", "Hervé Serry, Les Éditions du Seuil: 70 ans d'histoire, Seuil, 2007, p. 15.\nOlender : être contemporain de son présent, discussion of Maurice Olender with Olivier Renault, Page des libraires, March 2009.\nEcrivains de toujours (Seuil) - Book Series List, publishinghistory.com. Retrieved 7 March 2020.\nPetit Planète (Microcosme (Seuil) book series list, publishinghistory.com. Retrieved 7 March 2020.", "(in French) \"Tant qu'il y aura des tomes\", Les dossiers du Canard enchaîné, No. 93, October 2004.", "(in French) Official site of Éditions du Seuil\n(in French) Éditions du Seuil in La République des Lettres journal\n(in French) Exhibition on Éditions du Seuil on the French Public Information Library website\n(in French) Catalogue of the bookshop of the 21st century" ]

[ "Éditions du Seuil", "Description", "History", "Collections", "Book series", "See also", "Notes and references", "Bibliography", "External links" ]

[ 3511 ]

[ 17125, 17126, 17127, 17128, 17129, 17130, 17131, 17132, 17133, 17134, 17135 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Edm%C3%A9e_Chandon.jpg" ]

[ "Édmée Marie Juliette Chandon (21 November 1885 – 8 March 1944) was an astronomer known for being the first professional female astronomer in France. She worked at the Paris Observatory from 1908 until her retirement in 1941.", "The eldest of five children, Chandon was born to Marie Duhan and merchant François Chandon on 21 November 1885 in the 11th arrondissement of Paris. In July 1906, she completed her degree in Mathematical Sciences at the Faculté des sciences de Paris. She began working at the Paris Observatory in November 1908 as a trainee, where she met Jacques Jean Trousset after he joined her team in January 1909. They married on 6 April 1910 in Saint-Cloud but the marriage was short-lived; the pair divorced on 26 April 1911.\nOn 28 February 1912, Chandon was appointed aide astronome et attachée at the Paris Observatory, effective from 1 March, and the appointment made her the first professional female astronomer in France. L'Aurore declared the appointment a \"new feminist victory\". Chandon represented the Paris Observatory at the Fête du Soleil, organised by the Société astronomique de France, at the Eiffel Tower on 22 June 1914. In March 1930, Chandon defended her thesis \"Research on the tides of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez\", where she shows that the tides of the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez are examples of standing waves. She retired on 1 October 1941. On 17 May 1943, the French Academy of Sciences proposed four candidates to the Minister of National Education for positions as titular astronomers of Paris Observatory, including Chandon.\nChandon died at her home in Paris on 8 March 1944. After it was discovered in 1935, asteroid 1341 Edmée was named in her honour.", "On 11 October 1940, a law was introduced requiring women over the age of 50 to retire.", "\"1885, Naissances, 11 (5577)\" (in French). Paris Archives. 24 November 1885. p. 8. Retrieved 12 September 2018.\n\"CHANDON, Edmée, Marie Juliette, épouse TROUSSET (1885-1944)\" (PDF) (in French). Haute-Provence Observatory. Retrieved 12 September 2018.\n\"Rapport annuel sur l'état de l'Observatoire de Paris\" (in French). Paris Observatory. 1908. p. 26. Retrieved 12 September 2018.\n\"Rapport annuel sur l'état de l'Observatoire de Paris\" (in French). Paris Observatory. 1909. Retrieved 12 September 2018.\nÉtude généalogique J. d'Enfert\n\"Nouvelle Victoire féministe\". L'Aurore (in French). 9 March 1912. Retrieved 12 September 2018.\n\"Astronomes et artistes fêtent le Soleil\". Le Petit Parisien (in French). 23 June 1914. Retrieved 12 September 2018.\nLeloup, Juliette. L'entre-deux-guerres mathématique à travers les thèses soutenues en France (PDF) (Thesis) (in French). Pierre and Marie Curie University. p. 117. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2018.\nChristine Fauré (2 June 2004). Political and Historical Encyclopedia of Women. Routledge. p. 595. ISBN 978-1-135-45691-7.\n\"Académie des sciences: une astronome titulaire à l'observatoire de Paris\". NuméroJournal des débats politiques et littéraires (in French). 19 May 1943. Retrieved 12 September 2018.\n\"1944, Décès, 14 (1461)\" (in French). Paris Archives. 10 March 1944. p. 7. Retrieved 12 September 2018." ]

[ "Édmée Chandon", "Biography", "Notes", "References" ]

[ 3512 ]

[ 17136, 17137, 17138, 17139, 17140, 17141, 17142, 17143 ]

[ "The church in Édon" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Edon_16_Rue%26%C3%A9glise_2013.jpg" ]

[ "Édon ([edɔ̃]; Occitan: Aidon) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.", "The Lizonne (locally called Nizonne) forms the commune's southeastern border.", "", "Communes of the Charente department", "\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.\n\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Édon", "Geography", "Population", "See also", "References" ]

[ 3513 ]

[ 17144 ]

[ "", "Birthplace of Édouard-Alfred Martel, 1 rue de la forêt Hardelot, Pontoise.", "Drawing by Martel, depicting the first exploration of Marble Arch Caves in Ireland, 1895." ]

[ 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/%C3%89douard_Alfred_MARTEL.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Pontoise_%2895%29%2C_maison_natale_d%27%C3%89douard-Alfred_Martel_%281859-1939%29%2C_1_rue_de_la_for%C3%AAt_Hardelot.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Underground_River_at_Marble_Arch%2C_Ireland_by_E._A._Martel.jpg" ]

[ "Édouard-Alfred Martel (1 July 1859, Pontoise, Val-d'Oise – 3 June 1938, Montbrison), the 'father of modern speleology', was a world pioneer of cave exploration, study, and documentation. Martel explored thousands of caves in his native France and many other countries, popularised the pursuit of cave exploration, introduced the concept of speleology as a distinct area of scientific study, maintained an extensive archive, and in 1895 founded Société de Spéléologie, the first organisation devoted to cave science in the world.", "No man has gone before us in these depths, no one knows where we go nor what we see, nothing so strangely beautiful was ever presented to us, and spontaneously we ask each other the same question: are we not dreaming?\n— É.-A. Martel, \"Les causses du Languedoc\",(the Karsts of Languedoc) Conférences de l'exposition universelle internationale de 1889\nÉdouard-Alfred Martel was born in Pontoise, Seine-et-Oise on 1 July 1859. Born into a family of lawyers, he studied at the Lycée Condorcet in Paris. Early on, he became passionate about geography and the natural sciences and in 1877 he won first prize in an open competition for geography. He was a great reader of the works of Jules Verne. In 1866, while holidaying with his parents, he visited the Caves of Gargas in the Pyrenees. Other trips allowed him to travel to Germany, Austria and Italy. In 1879, he visited Postojna Cave in Slovenia, an extensive cave system.\nIn 1886, after completing his military service, he earned a law degree and became a licensed attorney with the Commercial Court of the Seine. Martel devoted his leisure and holiday time to travels across France. From 1883, he conducted work on the karstic plateaus of the Causses, shaped by the gorges of the Tarn, Jonte, Dourbie and Lot.\nIn June 1888, he began his caving career in the Bramabiau gorge in Gard. He and several companions entered a rock cavity where a stream known as Bonheur sinks and reappears farther along the Bramabiau Gorge. That same June with the same team he explored the Dargilan Cave along the Jonte Gorge over a mile away. In 1889 he visited Padirac Cave, near Gramat. He climbed down the entrance chasm and reached an underground river at a depth of 100m. Martel and his cousin Gaupillat set off to explore with a canoe, discovering two kilometres of new passage. Martel later bought the Padirac Cave, and turned it into a show cave.\nIn July 1890 he married Aline de Launay, sister of Louis de Launay, a professor of geology and future member of the Academy of Sciences. Collaboration with Louis de Launay provided a scientific basis for some of Martel’s publications, including articles in the journal La Nature, which Martel and Launay were later editors. In 1894, he published The Abyss, a book in which he describes the wonders of the underworld he discovered and visited during the six seasons of exploration he undertook from 1888 to 1893. During this period, he visited and indexed more than 230 caves.\nIn 1895, he ventured further afield and organised an expedition to Ireland and England. He discovered the underground lake of Marble Arch in Northern Ireland. In Yorkshire he made the first complete descent, after a partial descent by Englishman John Birkbeck in 1842, into the pothole of Gaping Gill. He reached the Main Chamber, 170 feet lower than Birkbeck had ventured. That same year, he founded the Speleological Society and started a periodic newsletter, Spelunca.\nIn 1896, he was invited by the Archduke Luis Salvator, a cousin of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, to visit their country. With his foreman and journeyman Louis Armand, he explored several caves on the island of Mallorca. In the Cave of Drach near Porto Cristo he discovered the largest underground lake known at the time.\nMartel's explorations intensified around this time, prioritizing the exploration of the caves of Causses. He also explored the caves and caverns of the limestone regions of Savoie, Jura, Provence and the Pyrenees. He traveled throughout Europe, Belgium, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, where he investigated the course of the Trebišnjica, considered the one of the longest underground rivers in the world. In 1899 he finally left professional life to devote himself to his scientific research. He served as editor of La Nature from 1905 to 1909 and was a member of the Société de géographie, of which he was elected president. In 1912, he spent three days exploring in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky where he undertook scientific work including barometric determinations of the elevations of the cave's different levels. Martel was active in cave exploration from 1888–1914, recording some 1,500 caves during this time.\nEdward Alfred Martel died 3 June 1938 in Saint-Thomas-la-Garde, near Montbrison in the Loire.", "Throughout his life, Martel strongly promoted the study of speleology, striving to increase its recognition as a scientific field. In his own work, he published some 20 books and 780 articles during the course of his career. At least 53 of his articles were published outside France and several of these were translated into foreign languages. He also made regular trips abroad to conduct lectures on speleological subjects.", "In 1895 in Paris, Martel founded the Société de Spéléologie, a scientific organisation which would regularly publish articles on speleology in its periodical, Spelunca. The formation of this society was one of the means by which he was able to turn speleology into an internationally recognised science, with many foreign authors publishing articles, many French authors publishing articles on foreign caves and with the society growing to include 33% foreign members by 1909.", "Martel wrote many books and articles about speleology, hydrology and geology, of which the most notable are listed here:", "Les Cévennes (in French), Paris: Delagrave, 1890, 400 p. (12 editions)\nLes Abîmes (in French), Paris: Delagrave, 1894, ISBN 2-7348-0533-2, 580 p. (10 editions)\nLe massif de la Bernina (in collaboration with Lorria, A.) (in French), Zürich: Orell, 1895, 200 p.\nIrlande et cavernes anglaises (in French), Paris: Delagrave, 1897, 400 p.\nLe Trayas et L'Estérel (in French), Paris: Delagrave, 1899, 80 p.\nLa Spéléologie (in French), Paris: Carre et Naud, 1900, 125 p.\nLe gouffre et la rivière souterraine de Padirac (in French), Paris: Delagrave, 1901, 180 p.\nLa Photographie souterraine (in French), Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1903, 70 p.\nLa spéléologie aux XXe siècle (in French), Paris: Hermann, 1905, 810 p.\nLe sol et l'eau – Traité d'hygiène (in collaboration with de Launay, Ogier and Bonjean) (in French), Paris: Baillere, 1906, 486 p.\nL'évolution souterraine (in French), Paris: Flammarion, 1908, 388 p.\nLa Côte d'azur russe: Riviera du Caucase (in French), Paris: Delagrave, 1909, 423 p.\nLes cavernes et les rivières souterraines de la Belgique (Van den Broeck, E, Martel, E.-A. and Rahir, Ed.) (in French), Bruxelles: Lamertin, 1910, (2 vol.) 1800 p.\nExplications sur Mammoth Cave (in French), 1914\nNouveau Traité des eaux souterraines (in French), Paris: Doin, 1921, 840 p.\nLes causses et gorges du Tarn (in French), Millau: Artieres et Maury, 1926, 512 p.\nL'Aven Armand (in French), Millau: Artieres et Maury, 1927, 48 p.\nLa France ignorée (2 vol.) (in French), Paris: Delagrave, 1928–1930, 600 p.\nLes Grands Causses (Les Causses majeurs) (in French), Millau: Artières et Maury, 1936, 510 p.", "\"Le Cañon du Tarn\", Annuaire du Club Alpin Français (in French), 1883\n\"Le Causse Noir et Montpellier-le-Vieux\", Annuaire du Club Alpin Français (in French), 1884\n\"Sous Terre\", Annuaire du Club Alpin Français (in French), Paris: Club alpin français, 1888\n\"Les causses du Languedoc\" (PDF). Conférences de l'exposition universelle internationale de 1889 (in French). Paris. 5 September 1889. Retrieved 30 July 2012.\n\"Sur la température des cavernes\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 118: 615–617, 1894\n\"Sous Terre (8ᵉ campagne) Marble Arch, Irlande et Gaping Ghyll, Angleterre\", Annuaire du Club Alpin Français (in French), Paris: Club alpin français, 22: 171–209, 1895, retrieved 29 July 2012\n\"Sur le gouffre de Gaping-Ghyll (Angleterre)\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 122: 51–53, 1896\n\"Sur quelques anomalies de la température des sources\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 122: 97–99, 1896\n\"Sur des observations d'hiver dans les cavernes des Causses (Padirac, etc.)\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 122: 903–905, 1896\n\"Sur les siphons des sources et des rivières souterraines\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 122: 1147–1150, 1896\n\"Sur la Cueva del Drach (Grotte du Dragon) dans l'île Majorque\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 124: 1385–1388, 1897\n\"Sur l'hydrographie souterraine et les chouruns du Dévoluy (Hautes-Alpes)\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 124: 1170–1173, 1897\n\"Sur la contamination de la source de Sauve (Gard)\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 125: 897–900, 1897\nMartel, É.-A.; Viré, A. (1897), \"Sur l'aven Armand (Lozère) (profondeur 207 m)\", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 125: 622–625\nMartel, E. A. (1897), \"British Caves and Speleology\", The Geographical Journal, X (5): 500–511, doi:10.2307/1774383, JSTOR 1774383, retrieved 24 July 2012\nSpelunca, Paris, 74", "Herbert E. Balch", "Kliebhan, Bernd, History of Cave Research: E. A. Martel 1859–1938, archived from the original on 2007-10-23, retrieved 2009-04-04\n\"Brève histoire de la spéléologie\", Histoire (in French), Fédération Française de Spéléologie, archived from the original on 2011-07-20, retrieved 2009-04-05 \nMartel, É.-A. (5 September 1889). \"Les causses du Languedoc\" (PDF). Conférences de l'exposition universelle internationale de 1889 (in French). Paris. Retrieved 30 July 2012. Nul être humain ne nous a précédé dans ces profondeurs, nul ne sait où nous allons ni ce que nous voyons, rien d’aussi étrangement beau ne s’est jamais présenté à nos yeux, ensemble et spontanément nous nous posons la même question réciproque : est-ce que nous ne rêvons pas ?\nMartel, É.-A. (1897). \"British Caves and Speleology\". The Geographical Journal. X (5): 500–511. doi:10.2307/1774383. JSTOR 1774383. Retrieved 24 July 2012.\nShaw, T. R. (1988). \"Martel's visit to Mendip in 1904: part of his international strategy?\" (PDF). Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelæological Society. 18 (2): 278–291. Retrieved 29 July 2012.\nPublications from E. A. Martel, archived from the original on 2007-10-23, retrieved 2009-04-04\nSchut, Pierre-Olaf (2006), \"E. A. Martel, the traveller who almost became an Academician\" (PDF), Acta Carsologica, Ljubljana, 35 (1): 149–157, doi:10.3986/ac.v35i1.252, retrieved 2009-04-05", "André, Daniel; et al. (1997), La Plume et les Gouffres\nAndré, Daniel; Gautier, Alain (1995), \"La Societe de Speleologie\", Spelunca, 60: 11–18\nCasteret, Norbert (1943), E.-A. Martel, Explorateur du Monde Souterrain, Paris: Gallimard\nChabert, Claude; Courval, Michel de (1971), E. A. Martel 1859–1938\nKliebhan, Bernd (1999), \"The contribution of E.A. MARTEL (1859–1938) to the development of caving technique\", Mitt. Verb.dt.Höhlen- u. Karstforsch. Jg., 45 (2), retrieved 24 July 2012\nRoberts, E. E. (1947), \"Edouard Alfred Martel (1859–1938)\", Yorkshire Ramblers' Club Journal, Leeds: Yorkshire Ramblers' Club, 7 (24): 105–116, retrieved 24 July 2012\nShaw, T. R. (1992), \"E. A. Martel\", History of Cave Science: the exploration and study of limestone caves to 1900 (2nd ed.), Sydney: Sydney Speleological Society, pp. 48–51", "History of Cave Research: E. A. Martel 1859–1938" ]

[ "Édouard-Alfred Martel", "Life and Exploration", "Speleology", "Société de Spéléologie", "Bibliography", "Books", "Articles", "See also", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 3514, 3515, 3516 ]

[ 17145, 17146, 17147, 17148, 17149, 17150, 17151, 17152, 17153, 17154, 17155, 17156, 17157, 17158, 17159, 17160, 17161, 17162, 17163, 17164, 17165, 17166, 17167, 17168 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "Édouard-André Barnard (September 30, 1835 – August 19, 1898) was a Lower Canada born militia officer. He was trained as a lawyer, generally well educated and, through family circumstances, a farmer for some time at the family property in Trois-Rivières. His father was Edward Barnard, a politician from Trois-Rivières.\nBarnard eventually gravitated toward a career in the militia. By 1867, now a major, he offered his services to Bishop Ignace Bourget and put together a force to assist Pope Pius IX in defending against attacks on the Papal State by Giuseppe Garibaldi. The defenses were successful, but many questioned his motives, and he soon returned to farming.", "\"Édouard-André Barnard\". Dictionary of Canadian Biography (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. 1979–2016." ]

[ "Édouard-André Barnard", "References" ]

[ 3517 ]

[ 17169 ]

[ "The Pyramids", "Rocky Landscape on a Bay" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

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[ "Édouard-Auguste Imer (23 December 1820, Avignon – 13 June 1881, Haarlem) was a French painter of Swiss ancestry. He travelled extensively, painting landscapes throughout Europe and North Africa.", "His father, Julien Auguste Imer (1787-1861), was a manufacturer and President of the Chamber of Commerce. He and Édouard's mother, Adèle Jeanrenaud (1790-1869), were originally from Neuchâtel. In 1846, he married Sophie Chaponnière (1822-1850), who died of a heart ailment; aged only twenty-seven. They had one daughter.\nUntil his wife's death, he was a partner in his father's business. Having been exposed to art since he was a boy (his father was an amateur collector), he decided to study painting with Émile Loubon at the École des Beaux-Arts de Marseille. Later, he studied in England and Germany and began exhibiting at the Salon and would be a regular contributor until 1876.\nIn 1849, he had made his first trip to Algeria, and became one of the first artists to paint there, rather than simply sketch. In 1853, he made an extended trip to Lazio with his friends, Ernest Hébert \nand Eugène Castelnau. He spent the winter of 1855 in Egypt, with Jean-Léon Gérôme, Léon Belly and Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who was there at the invitation of the newly formed Suez Canal Company. He apparently made several visits to Venice during this time, but his earliest known work depicting that city was in 1872. Many of his Orientalist paintings from this period are unaccounted for.\nHe died while working on a commission in Haarlem. He was buried there and his grave is maintained in perpetuity by a grant from the Institut de France. In 1900, a promenade was named after him in Fréjus; one of his favorite places to paint.", "Edouard Imer, exhibition catalogue, Association des Artistes, January 1882\nLynne Thornton, Les Orientalistes, peintres voyageurs (1828-1908), Art Creation Realisation, 2001 ISBN 978-2-86770-138-2\nMarion Vidal-Bué, Alger et ses peintres (1830-1960), Méditerranée, 2000 ISBN 978-2-8427-2095-7", "More works by Imer @ ArtNet" ]

[ "Édouard-Auguste Imer", "Biography", "Sources", "External links" ]

[ 3518, 3519 ]

[ 17170, 17171, 17172, 17173, 17174 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

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[ "Édouard-Charles Fabre (February 28, 1827 – December 30, 1896) was Archbishop of Montreal in 1886 and of Sherbrooke and Saint-Hyacinthe in 1887.\nFabre was the eldest of 11 children in an important Montreal business family. Despite the efforts of his father, Édouard-Raymond Fabre, to steer him in another direction, he began his study of philosophy in 1844 at the seminary of Saint-Sulpice at Issy-les-Moulineaux after a privileged education in Lower Canada.\nIn 1846 Fabre finished his studies at Saint-Sulpice, visited Rome and met Pope Pius IX and returned to Montreal. He was ordained in 1850.\nIn 1876 Fabre became the third bishop of Montreal and, in 1886, Pope Leo XIII made him Archbishop of Montreal, and the following year the dioceses of Sherbrooke and Saint-Hyacinthe.\nThe parish municipality of Saint-Édouard-de-Fabre, Quebec, was named after him. The Montreal metro station Fabre is also named after him.", "Halpenny, Francess G, ed. (1990). \"Édouard-Charles Fabre\". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.\n\"Saint-Édouard-de-Fabre (Municipalité de paroisse)\" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved 2010-12-30." ]

[ "Édouard-Charles Fabre", "References" ]

[ 3520, 3521 ]

[ 17175 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

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[ "Édouard-Gaston Daniel Deville, ISO, FRSC (February 21, 1849 – September 21, 1924) was the first to perfect a practical method of photogrammetry, the making of maps based on photography. He was the Surveyor General of Canada (1885–1924) and Canada's Director General for the Bureau of Surveys (1922–24). During his lifetime, Canadian surveyors had used his phototopography to map 83,678 square kilometres, roughly the size of Ireland (84,421 square kilometres).", "Before Deville moved to Canada in 1874, he had attended naval school, served in the French navy (reaching the rank of Captain) and had conducted hydrographic surveys in the South Sea islands and Peru.", "In 1875, Deville began working as a surveyor and astronomer in Quebec, Canada. He was quickly promoted to the position of the province's top surveyor, Inspector of Surveys. He passed exams in high-level survey theory, earning the rare designation of Dominion Topographic Surveyor. In 1880, he joined the survey for homesteads in the Prairie provinces with the Department of the Interior in Ottawa. For many years, Deville directed Canadian surveying activities. He used innovative techniques to deal with the challenges of surveying in Canada, including a special method of mapping mountainous regions that he invented.\nIn 1881, Deville was appointed inspector for Dominion Land Surveys. In 1885, he became Surveyor General of Canada.\nIn 1922, he represented Canada at a geophysics conference in Rome, and his expertise on mountain surveys became sought after internationally. A copy of his camera was used to map the north slope of Mount Everest. His technology was adopted by the Geological Survey of Canada and the International Boundary Commission.", "To meet these challenges of surveying in the Rocky Mountains Deville experimented with mapping methods developed by French army engineer Aimé Laussedat. Deville used Laussedat's principle of elevated photography, and refined a technique of creating large-scale maps from these photographs. This required him to design a rugged, lightweight field camera that could be carried long distances. \nIn 1886, his camera was used for the first time in the Rockies. Surveyors would place the camera on a mountain peak, point the lens at the horizon and take panoramic shots of the surrounding peaks. Each view would be measured in relation to the survey station. Surveyors took photos in the short summer season, then would complete their calculations and mapping in their offices during the winter. This allowed larger areas to be surveyed more accurately, in less time, and at one-third the cost of conventional surveying.\nIn 1893, Deville introduced his innovative mapping technique at the Chicago World Fair. He continued to promote it through pamphlets and a comprehensive textbook. Deville's method of making maps based on photographs became known as phototopography or photogrammetry.\nWith the arrival of fixed-wing aircraft, surveyors could use Deville's camera to create aerial photographs for surveying flat and remote parts of the country, as well as regions with high elevations.", "1882, was a Founding Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada\n1905, received an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Toronto\n1916, became a Companion of the Imperial Service Order\n1922, made an Honorary member of Engineering Institute of Canada\nMount Deville in Yoho National Park, British Columbia is named in his honour.", "Richard A. Jarrell. \"DEVILLE, ÉDOUARD (named at birth Daniel-Édouard-Gaston)\". University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved October 2, 2013.\nGerry Shea The Aspiring Hiker's Guide 1: Mountain Treks in Alberta - 2010 Page 137 \" a pioneer of the method in the mountain West along with Wheeler and the Surveyor-General of Canada of the day, Édouard-Gaston Deville (1849–1924).\"\nNatural Resources Canada- Trailblazer Biography\nBritanica Biography Édouard Gaston Deville\nParks Canada- People of National Historic Significance" ]

[ "Édouard-Gaston Deville", "Early life", "Career", "Inventions", "Honors", "References" ]

[ 3522 ]

[ 17176, 17177, 17178, 17179, 17180, 17181, 17182, 17183 ]

[ "Portrait of Édouard-Henri Avril (c. 1885)", "Les charmes de Fanny exposés (plate VIII) from Fanny Hill is one of the most famous works of Avril", "Cover of L'Ombrelle - Le Gant - Le Manchon illustrated by Avril (1883)", "Bookplate designed by Avril for erotica collector Henry Spencer Ashbee", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5 ]

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[ "Édouard-Henri Avril (21 May 1849 – 28 July 1928) was a French painter and commercial artist. Under the pseudonym Paul Avril, he was an illustrator of erotic literature. His career saw collaboration with influential people like Octave Uzanne, Henry Spencer Ashbee and Friedrich Karl Forberg.\nAvril was a soldier before starting his career in art. He was awarded with the Legion of Honour for his actions in the Franco-Prussian War.", "Avril was born in Algiers. His father was a colonel of the gendarmerie. Avril himself fought and was wounded in the Franco-Prussian War before starting his studies in art. He was awarded with the Legion of Honour on 31 May 1871 for injuries sustained during the war. The injuries resulted in retirement from his military career on 23 January 1872.\nBiographical material of his life is scarce due to the obscene nature of his work, and because he worked under a pseudonym of \"Paul Avril\". His pseudonym can lead to a confusion with his brother, who was named Paul-Victor Avril, and was also an artist and worked as an engraver.\nFrom 1874 to 1878 he was at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He worked for the illustrated newsmagazine Le Monde illustré in 1882.\nHaving been commissioned to illustrate Théophile Gautier's novel Fortunio, he adopted the pseudonym \"Paul Avril\". His reputation was soon established and he received many commissions to illustrate both major authors and the so-called \"galante literature\" of the day, a form of erotica. However, his reputation as a commercial illustrator of novels was established before he began illustrating the more underground erotic literature. These books were typically sold in small editions on a subscription basis, organised by collectors. Erotica of that time received very limited prints and sometimes were limited to only 100 or so copies, or were sold only within exclusive circles of collectors.\nBecause of the perceived obscenity of Avril and his works, it is difficult to assess the impact that his art might have had on the culture of the time.\nAvril died at Le Raincy, near Paris, in 1928.", "Avril's major work were the illustrations in 1906 for De Figuris Veneris: A Manual of Classical Erotica. Another important work illustrated by Avril was John Cleland's Fanny Hill (also known as Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure), which was a significant and controversial publication of its time as it was the first novel to bring erotica to English literature. The book's edition illustrated by Avril includes Les charmes de Fanny exposés that is one of his better known pictures. He illustrated such works as Gustave Flaubert's Salammbô, Gautier's Le Roi Caundale, Jean Baptiste Louvet de Couvray's Adventures of the Chevalier de Faublas, Mario Uchard's Mon Oncle Barbassou (scenes in a harem), Jules Michelet's The Madam, Hector France's Musk, Hashish and Blood, the writings of Pietro Aretino, and the anonymous lesbian novel Gamiani.\nClassicizing works illustrated by Avril include Oeuvres d’Horace (1887), Une nuit de Cléopâtre (1894), Daphnis et Chloé (1898), and Les sonnets luxurieux de l’Aretin (1904). Avril might be best known for his sapphic, or lesbian, illustrations.\nProlific erotica collector Henry Spencer Ashbee commissioned Avril to design a bookplate for him. Avril worked with Octave Uzanne, who after leaving the Société des Amis des Livres, which he found too conservative and too concerned with the reissue of old works, started two new bibliographic societies. The Société des Bibliophiles Contemporaines (1889–1894) consisted of 160 people from literary circles, including Avril.", "L'Éventail (1882)\nL'Ombrelle – Le Gant – Le Manchon (1883)\nFortunio (1883)\nAdventures of the Chevalier de Faublas (1884)\nMon Oncle Barbassou (Scenes in a Harem) (1884)\nFanny Hill (fr. 1887, eng. 1906)\nOeuvres d’Horace (1887)\nThe Mirror of the World (1888)\nLe Roi Caundale (1893)\nUne nuit de Cléopâtre (1894)\nThe Life and Adventures of Father Silas (1896)\nDaphnis et Chloé (1898)\nMusk, Hashish and Blood (1899)\nLes Sonnets Luxurieux de l’Aretin (1904)\nGamiani (1905)\nDe Figuris Veneris: A Manual of Classical Erotica (1906)\nSalammbô (1906)\nHistoire de Saturnin (1908)\nThe Madam", "", "John Martin\nLouis Legrand\nMartin van Maële\nL'Origine du monde by Gustave Courbet", "\"Paul Eduard Henry Avril – Biography and Offers – Buy and Sell Retrieved 01 August 2012\". Kettererkunst.com. Retrieved 6 September 2012.\n\"Paul Avril, i piaceri sfrenati dell'artista-soldato dell'Ottocento. Il video\". 5 March 2018.\nArmitage, Helen (11 August 2014). \"Édouard-Henri Avril: The Master of 19th Century Pornography\". Retrieved 3 October 2016.\n\"Transits of Venus and Mercury as muses\".\n\"Paul Avril; Avril Paul\".\nTom Cutler (18 October 2012). Slap and Tickle: The Unusual History of Sex and the People Who Have it. Little, Brown Book Group. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-78033-836-1.\n\"Paul Avril\". Dictionary of Art & Artist. Retrieved 13 April 2015.\nJoseph A. Boone (18 March 2014). The Homoerotics of Orientalism. Columbia University Press. pp. 401–402. ISBN 978-0-231-15110-8.\nBlanshard, Alastair J. L. (2010). Sex: Vice and Love from Antiquity to Modernity. doi:10.1002/9781444323566. ISBN 978-1-4443-2356-6.\nSusan Hiner (6 June 2011). Accessories to Modernity: Fashion and the Feminine in Nineteenth-Century France. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 112–113, 242. ISBN 978-0-8122-0533-6.\nWilla Z. Silverman (2008). The New Bibliopolis: French Book Collectors and the Culture of Print, 1880–1914. University of Toronto Press. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-0-8020-9211-3.\nCurinier, CE (1914). \"Uzanne (Louis Octave)\". Dictionnaire national des contemporains (in French). Vol. IV. Paris: Office Général d'Edition. pp. 66–67. OCLC 697614752.\nMichael Reynolds (17 June 2016). Creating Der Rosenkavalier: From Chevalier to Cavalier. Boydell & Brewer. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-78327-049-1.\nH.P. Bois (1892). Four private libraries of New York. Рипол Классик. p. 96. ISBN 978-5-87738-216-9.\nMary E. Davis (15 October 2010). Ballets Russes Style: Diaghilev's Dancers and Paris Fashion. Reaktion Books. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-86189-885-2.", "Avril's Gallery of Classical Erotica\nA Checklist of Works Illustrated by Paul Avril (46 items)\nRecords at Legion of Honour" ]

[ "Édouard-Henri Avril", "Life", "Works", "List of works and editions illustrated", "Gallery", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 3523, 3524, 3525, 3526, 3527, 3528 ]

[ 17184, 17185, 17186, 17187, 17188, 17189, 17190, 17191, 17192, 17193, 17194, 17195, 17196, 17197, 17198, 17199 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/%C3%89douard-Hippolyte.png" ]

[ "Édouard-Hippolyte Laliberté (October 13, 1845 – March 5, 1911) was a notary and political figure in Quebec. He represented Lotbinière in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1886 to 1900 as a Liberal.\nHe was born in Lotbinière, Canada East, the son of Joseph Laliberté and Marcelline Lahaye, and was educated at the Collège Faucher there and the Séminaire de Québec. He qualified as a notary in 1873 and set up practice in Warwick, later settling in Deschaillons. Laliberté was married twice: to Marie-Joséphine-Julia Durand in 1873 and to Florentine Côté in 1898. He was first elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1886 by-election held after Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière resigned his seat. After he retired from politics in 1900, he served as Serjeant-at-Arms for the assembly from 1902 to 1911. Laliberté died in Deschaillons at the age of 65.", "\"Biography\". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec." ]

[ "Édouard-Hippolyte Laliberté", "References" ]

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[ "Avenue Foch, the location of the kidnapping.", "The belfry of the Gare de Lyon, known as the Clock Tower.", "View of Megève.", "Part of the motorway soundproofing wall showing the service door, near L'Haÿ-les-Roses." ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Avenue-foch-paris.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Paris_Gare_de_Lyon_clock_tower_dsc03815.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Vue_de_Meg%C3%A8ve_04-07-2004.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Mur-anti-bruit.png" ]

[ "Édouard-Jean, 3rd Baron Empain (7 October 1937 – 21 June 2018) \nwas a French-Belgian industrialist, best known by the general public for his kidnapping in 1978.\nBetween 1969 and 1981, Baron Empain was CEO of the Schneider group (Schneider-Empain). The Baron was the son of Jean, 2nd Baron Empain, and the grandson of Édouard Louis Joseph, 1st Baron Empain. He married the Italian Silvana Betuzzi in 1957 by whom he had two daughters and a son: they were divorced shortly after Empain's kidnapping. He lived in the suburbs of Paris with his second wife Jacqueline (née Ragonaux), a former model, whom he married in 1990.", "At the time of his kidnapping, Édouard-Jean Empain was the 40-year-old heir to a substantial fortune, a notable industrialist and the director of the Schneider group since 1969. He was one of France's captains of industry, heading a group that comprised almost 150 companies and 130,000 employees, with an annual turnover of 25 billion francs. Notable members of the Schneider Group included Framatome (nuclear reactors), Creusot-Loire (metallurgy) and Spie Batignolles (construction).\nHis kidnapping profoundly affected him and he declared that he was never the same afterwards.", "On Monday, January 23, 1978, at approximately 10:30am, Édouard-Jean, 3rd Baron Empain, was picked up as usual from his home at 33 Avenue Foch, a prestigious address in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, a stone's throw from the Arc de Triomphe.\nThe Baron's chauffeured car, a Peugeot 604, was intercepted at a junction some 50 metres after it had left his home. A moped slid across the road, faking an accident in order to bring his car to a halt next to a parked van. Once the car had stopped several armed men removed the driver from the vehicle and bundled him into the van, while the Baron was quickly handcuffed and the kidnappers made off in his car. The Baron's car was found some hours later in an underground parking structure but contained no usable fingerprints.\nDespite the lack of detailed evidence provided by witnesses, the circumstances of the kidnapping were rapidly made known to the public. In the hope of recovering the Baron, the police put in place traffic stops throughout Paris and its suburbs but to no avail.", "Empain's driver Jean Denis, who was released close to Porte Maillot, told investigators that he had been handcuffed at gunpoint and thrown into the back of a van, and as such had not seen the faces of the kidnappers. He overheard one of them speaking in German, however, which led the authorities to think that the crime might have been committed by an extreme-left group affiliated with the Red Army Faction. That scenario was persuasive as the kidnapping of Empain came on the heels of the kidnapping and the execution of the German industrialist Hanns Martin Schleyer by the Red Army Faction.\nThe police quickly installed themselves in Empain's family home. Presuming that the kidnappers would contact the family, they tapped the phones and surveilled the house so that the family would not try to deal directly with the kidnappers.\nFrench president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, who was close to Empain at the time, advised Interior Minister Christian Bonnet and Attorney General Alain Peyrefitte to put together a crisis team. Peyrefitte called on the public to 'denounce the criminals', and Socialist Party First Secretary François Mitterrand talked of the 'decline of civilisation'. A team similar to that of the government was set up by the Schneider group to represent its interests in the affair. The group comprised René Engen (Empain's right-hand man) and Robert Badinter (Empain's lawyer) as well as the former director general of the police, Max Fernet, who was employed by the group as a 'technical consultant'.", "On Tuesday January 24, 1978, the day after the kidnapping, the radio station RTL received a call from a group purporting to be responsible:\n\"We, Armed Core Groups for Popular Autonomy, claim responsibility for the kidnapping of Baron Empain.\nWe demand the liberation of our comerades before noon on Wednesday if not we will kill the Baron.\nOther businessmen will follow...\"\nThe Armed Core Groups for Popular Autonomy (NAPAP) was an extreme-left, French guerrilla organisation which had claimed responsibility for the kidnapping of a number of foreign diplomats. Although this lead supported the initial police theory, which was echoed in the press, that the kidnapping was politically motivated, the family had in fact received an anonymous telephone call from the real kidnappers which they relayed to the police. The call, which came from the Rue Anjou, close to the headquarters of the Schneider group, demanded that someone go to the Gare de Lyon to collect a message left in locker 595. One of the members of the group, along with the police, proceeded directly to the station where they found the Baron's identity card, a number of letters from the kidnappers, a note from the Baron (including a message to his wife) and a small package.\nThe kidnappers demanded 80 million francs in ransom and seemed extremely determined. The package the police found in the locker contained the Baron's left little finger preserved in formaldehyde. The family were increasingly unnerved as the letter stipulated that further body parts would follow if the ransom was not paid.", "Six days passed without news from the kidnappers. The police widened their investigation into the Baron's private life in order to discover whether the kidnapping had motives other than financial gain.\nNumerous routes of inquiry were followed. The Baron's passion for poker to which he devoted many of his evenings and a considerable sum of money suggested a possible mafia connection. The investigation revealed that the Baron had lost 11 million francs a few weeks earlier and had to take out a loan to cover the debt. The press quickly got wind of these revelations and the hypothesis that the Baron had staged his own kidnapping to cover his gambling debts was forwarded. It was the Baron's numerous affairs, however, which grabbed the public's attention and served to damage his previously untarnished reputation.\nAffected by these revelations, the Empain family became increasingly hostile towards journalists. Despite the family's silence, the press maintained a constant presence outside the Baron's home. To add to the media interest, the police refused to confirm the amputation of the Baron's finger which provoked widespread speculation.\nAt the same time, the kidnappers sent a further letter to the Baron's eldest daughter Patricia, who was married to American oil and ranch heir Terrell Braly. Written in the Baron's own hand and dictated by the kidnappers, the letter specified the procedure for the transfer of the ransom and reminded the family not to alert the police. The family and the Empain-Schneider group did not immediately warn the police, preferring to handle the situation themselves. However the increasing silence of those close to the Baron excited the suspicion of the police who placed the family under heightened surveillance. This surveillance allowed the police to discover the existence of secret negotiations between the group and the kidnappers with the group having the aim of reducing the sum demanded from 80 million francs to 30 million. The family and the group both thought that it would be better to pay the ransom whereas the police refused to contemplate this course of action as setting a dangerous precedent. After much discussion, the group allowed themselves to be convinced by the police to pay a fake ransom, which was a great disappointment to the family, especially the Baron's wife, Silvana Empain, who feared it would put her husband's life in peril.", "Four weeks after the kidnapping, on Monday February 20, 1978 a telephone call placed by the kidnappers to the Schneider group's headquarters indicated that the ransom had been reduced to 40 million francs without further negotiations.\nThe rendezvous set by the kidnappers was to take place two days later at Megève, a winter resort in Haute-Savoie. A radio communication system was rapidly deployed in the area by the police to facilitate the operation. The police examined the numerous possible methods the kidnappers could use for their ingress and egress and in order that the unmarked police cars used were not spotted their Parisian licence plates were changed.\nInspector Jean Mazzieri, a skilled martial artist, was chosen to carry out the ransom delivery under the guise of Mr. Mazo, a fictitious aide of the Baron.", "On the day of the rendezvous, Wednesday February 22, 1978, Jean Mazzieri made his way to the Le Chalet du Mont d'Arbois hotel where he was supposed to receive a telephone call from Félix le Chat who would ask for Jacques Dupond and arrange another meeting place for the exchange. He had with him two holdalls containing a mix of bank notes and paper designed to mimic on cursory inspection the ransom of 17 million Swiss francs. The area was under surveillance by numerous plain clothes police who were ready to intervene if necessary. The kidnappers did not call however and the operation was cancelled later that evening.", "Seven weeks after the kidnapping, on Friday March 17, 1978, Pierre Salik, a Belgian businessman who was close to the Baron, received a telephone call at his Brussels office. The kidnappers wished to contact René Engen and had called Salik to avoid the telephone surveillance that the French police had put in place. Engen immediately returned from a business trip to Luxembourg and went to the arranged rendezvous at the Hilton hotel in Brussels where he was to await a telephone call. From this call he learned that a new exchange would be arranged and he would receive the details in the post. The letter which he received, written by Empain at the behest of his kidnappers, warned Engen that it was \"life or death\" for the Baron if the police were involved. The police were nonetheless informed and rapidly organised an operation to oversee the new rendezvous, which was to take place on Thursday March at 15:00 at Fouquet's restaurant on the Champs-Élysées.", "On the day of the rendezvous, it was again officer Jean Mazzieri who was to carry the ransom, still under the guise of the Baron's aide. He was to expect a telephone call from Charlotte Corday who would ask for a Mr. Marat and question the respondent to ensure that the police were not involved. A further rendezvous was arranged at the Le Murat café where Mazzieri was to receive another telephone call. Throughout his journey Mazzieri was discreetly followed by armed police officers. At the second café Mazzieri was told to look for a road map at the bottom of a bin near to one of the entrances to the Porte d'Auteuil metro station. The map instructed Mazzieri to proceed to a third café, Le Rond Point, in Porte d'Orléans and defined a precise route as well as a maximum speed of 50 km/h. The map also stipulated that the car should take a service road, which had been specially opened by the kidnappers to make sure that Mazzieri was not followed by the police. Mazzieri could at all times contact the other police officers by radio to update them on his location.\nA second road map hidden at Le Rond Point sent Mazzieri to Antony where he was to enter a car park and exchange his vehicle for one left by the kidnappers, this meant Mazzieri could no longer update his colleagues by radio. The glovebox of the car contained the address of a new meeting place, the Les Trois Obus café, situated near to the Porte de Saint-Cloud metro station. From there he received instructions to proceed to the Hilton hotel in Orly. Here, after six hours of travel around Paris and its suburbs, he received a call from the kidnappers who, using the darkness as a pretext, told Mazzieri that it was too late to undertake the exchange and rescheduled it for the following day.", "In the early evening of the following day, Friday March 24, 1978, while waiting at bar of the Orly Hilton, Mazzieri received a telephone call instructing him to fill up his petrol tank and prepare for a further excursion. Upon his return to the bar, Mazzieri received a second call telling him to head on to the A6 motorway in the direction of Paris and stop on the hard shoulder at emergency telephone point B16.\nSoon after the car had come to a stop on the hard shoulder a tow truck pulled in behind Mazzieri, believing him to have broken down. Mazierri got out of the car to tell the driver of the tow truck to move along and it was at this moment that two of the kidnappers, who had been hiding nearby, made off in Mazzieri's car. The kidnappers stopped the car a few hundred metres further down the hard shoulder next to a service door in the 20m high soundproofing wall which lines the motorway. This door had already been opened by the kidnappers to aid their escape and they boobytrapped it with a grenade to prevent pursuit by the police. The kidnappers had also stationed an accomplice armed with a submachine gun on top of the wall to cover their escape and this man opened fire on the police as they attempted to pursue the kidnappers. A firefight then took place between the kidnappers and the police in which one of the kidnappers was killed and another arrested. Two police officers were wounded, inspectors Berux and Lailheugue. The man who was killed was Daniel Duchâteau, a convicted bank robber, the man who was arrested called himself Alain and was at that time unknown to the police.", "On Sunday March 26, 1978, the police interrogated the captured kidnapper who called himself Alain Caillol and tried to induce him to call the kidnappers and tell them to release their hostage. The police eventually convinced him to contact his accomplices after guaranteeing that they would not be arrested. Police commissioner Ottavioli proposed that Alain call the kidnappers from his personal phone, which was not under surveillance. Alain called twice telling his accomplices \"it's over, the ransom has been seized, we must avoid carnage and release the baron\". After these calls Alain told the police that \"it's 99% certain: the release of the baron is close\". A tape recorder attached to the telephone allowed the police to identify the number using the Touch-Tone waveform and trace the call.\nTwo hours later, before the call was traced, the baron was released. After several months of investigation all of the kidnappers were arrested apart from one who was killed in a firefight during his arrest. Over the course of the investigation, 24,000 vehicles were stopped and 12,000 homes were visited. The kidnapping lasted 63 days.", "List of kidnappings\nList of solved missing person cases", "Books\nEmpain, Édouard-Jean (1985). La Vie en jeu [Life at stake] (in French) (1st ed.). Jean-Claude Lattès. ISBN 978-2709604307.\nHondelatte, Christophe; Tellier, Marie-Sophie; Raffin, Hugues (2006). L'Enlèvement du baron Empain [The kidnapping of Baron Empain] (in French) (1st ed.). Michel Lafon. ISBN 978-2749904443.\nToussaint, Yvon (1996). Les Barons Empain [The Barons Empain] (in French) (1st ed.). Fayard. ISBN 978-2213031262.\nCaillol, Alain (2012). Lumière [Light] (in French) (1st ed.). Le Cherche Midi. ISBN 978-2749123233.\nSandton, Tom (2022). The Last Baron (1st ed.). Dutton. ISBN 978-0593183809.\nDocumentaires\nL'Enlèvement du baron Empain - Faites entrer l'accusé (2005). First broadcast in France on France 2 10 April 2005 Official site.\nParoles d'otages by Jean-Claude Raspiengeas and Patrick Volson (1989). The story of three hostages: Gerhard Vaders, Édouard-Jean Empain and Jean-Paul Kauffmann, VHS, TF1 Vidéo, 1990. First broadcast in France on TF1 in 1990.\nL'affaire Empain, TF1 Journal de 20H00 27/06/1979, reconstruction of the kidnapping, INA\nÉdouard Jean Empain, Cartes sur table, A2 18/09/1978, INA\nFilm\nRapt (2009), by Lucas Belvaux, was inspired by the kidnapping of Édouard-Jean, 3rd Baron Empain", "i.e. the following day (January 25th).", "\"Baron Edouard-Jean Empain (76) is overleden\". www.demorgen.be (in Flemish). Retrieved 21 June 2018.\n\"Décès du baron Édouard-Jean Empain à qui les ravisseurs coupèrent une phalange dans les années 70\" (in French). 21 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.\n\"Édouard-Jean Empain, le baron au doigt coupé, est décédé\".\nhttp://www.dhnet.be/actu/faits/les-dernieres-paroles-du-baron-empain-il-faut-sortir-gagnant-de-cette-impasse-5b2bf28355326301e7a94af1c\n\"Schneider Electric, 170 Years of History\" (PDF). Schneider Electric (see pages 7/8).\n\"Partners\". lesoir.be.\nAccording to Édouard-Jean Empain in the documentary L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nAccording to the documentary L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nAccording to Inspector Jean-Claude Murat in the documentary L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nMichel Bôle-Richard, Les désillusions du baron perdu, Le Monde, 28 juillet 2006.\nJournal télévisé, janvier 1978\nAccording to the journalist Jean-Pierre About in the documentary L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nMessage from the kidnappers to RTL on the 24 janvier 1978, document Radio Télévision Luxembourg (RTL).\nD'après le commissaire André Bizeul de la brigade criminelle dans le documentaire L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nD'après maître Jean-Yves Dupeux, avocat du baron Empain à l'époque, dans le documentaire L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nPatricia Empain, la fille du baron, dans un document RTL de janvier 1978.\nLa Première Vie de Nicolas Hulot, Élise Karlin, LEXPRESS.fr, décembre 2006.\nD'après l'écrivain Yvon Toussaint dans L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nD'après le commissaire Pierre Ottavioli, directeur de la brigade criminelle de 1974 à 1979 et chef de l'enquête, dans le documentaire L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nMazzieri, Jean (1987). Defense de soi et d'autrui [Defense of yourself and others] (in French) (1st ed.). Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2221053850.\nD'après le commissaire Robert Broussard, chef-adjoint de la brigade antigang de 1972 à 1978, dans le documentaire L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nD'après le policier Eric Yung, inspecteur de la brigade antigang de 1974 à 1978, dans le documentaire L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nD'après le policier de la brigade criminelle Jean Mazzieri dans le documentaire L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).\nJT de 20h sur TF1 du 27 juin 1979 sur le site de l'INA\n(in French) Le baron Empain : « Tout sonne vrai » de Christophe Cornevin, Le Figaro, 13 November 2009." ]

[ "Édouard-Jean Empain", "Kidnapping", "Capture on Avenue Foch", "Initial investigation", "First message from kidnappers", "Six days wait", "Relative calm period", "Megève episode", "Contact", "Parisian excursion", "Arrest", "Release", "See also", "In popular culture", "Notes", "References" ]

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[ "Portrait from Les Merveilles de la science by Louis Figuier", "Dictionary illustration of a phonautograph. The barrel is made of Plaster of Paris." ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/T6-_d640_-_Fig._468._%E2%80%94_L%C3%A9on_Scott.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Phonautograph-cent2.png" ]

[ "Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville ([e.dwaʁ.le.ɔ̃ skɔt də maʁ.tɛ̃.vil]; 25 April 1817 – 26 April 1879) was a French printer, bookseller and inventor.\nHe invented the earliest known sound recording device, the phonautograph, which was patented in France on 25 March 1857.", "Scott de Martinville was of Scottish descent. His ancestors came from Scotland and moved to Brittany in the seventeenth century. As a printer by trade, he was able to read accounts of the latest scientific discoveries and became an inventor. Scott de Martinville was interested in recording the sound of human speech in a way similar to that achieved by the then-new technology of photography for light and image. He hoped for a form of stenography that could record the whole of a conversation without any omissions. His earliest interest was in an improved form of stenography, and he was the author of several papers on shorthand and a history of the subject (1849).\nHe was married twice and had six children.", "From 1853, he became fascinated in a mechanical means of transcribing vocal sounds. While proofreading some engravings for a physics textbook, he came across drawings of auditory anatomy. He sought to mimic the working in a mechanical device, substituting an elastic membrane for the tympanum, a series of levers for the ossicle, which moved a stylus he proposed would press on a paper, wood, or glass surface covered in lampblack. On 26 January 1857, he delivered his design in a sealed envelope to the Académie Française. On 25 March 1857, he received French patent #17,897/31,470 for the phonautograph.\nTo collect sound, the phonautograph used a horn attached to a diaphragm which vibrated a stiff bristle which inscribed an image on a lampblack-coated, hand-cranked cylinder. Scott built several devices with the help of acoustic instrument maker Rudolph Koenig. Unlike Thomas Edison's later invention of 1877, the phonograph, the phonautograph created only visual images of the sound and did not have the ability to play back its recordings. Scott de Martinville's intention was for the device's waves to be read by humans as one would read text, which proved unfeasible.\nScott de Martinville managed to sell several phonautographs to scientific laboratories for use in the investigation of sound. It proved useful in the study of vowel sounds and was used by Franciscus Donders, Heinrich Schneebeli and Rene Marage. It also initiated further research into tools able to image sound, such as Koenig's manometric flame. He was not, however, able to profit from his invention, and spent the remainder of his life as a bookseller dealing in prints and photographs, at 9 Rue Vivienne in Paris.\nScott de Martinville also became interested in the relationship between linguistics, people's names and their character, and published a paper on the subject (1857).", "In 2008, The New York Times reported the playback of a phonautogram recorded on 9 April 1860. The recording was converted from \"squiggles on paper\" to a playable digital audio file with the IRENE technology, developed by scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. The phonautogram was one of several deposited by Léon Scott in two archives in Paris and only recently brought to light.\nThe recording, part of the French folk song Au clair de la lune, was initially played at a speed that produced what seemed to be a 10-second recording of the voice of a woman or child singing at an ordinary musical tempo. The researchers leading the project later found that a misunderstanding about an included reference frequency had resulted in a doubling of the correct playback speed, and that it was actually a 20-second recording of a man, probably Scott himself, singing the song very slowly. It is now the earliest known recording of singing in existence, predating, by 28 years, several 1888 Edison wax cylinder phonograph recordings of a massed chorus performing Handel's oratorio Israel in Egypt.", "A phonautogram by Scott containing the opening lines of Torquato Tasso's pastoral drama Aminta, which is the earliest audible record of spoken Italian, has also been found. Recorded around 1860, probably after the recording of Au clair de la lune, this phonautogram is now the earliest known recording of intelligible human speech. Recordings of Scott's voice made in 1857 have also survived, but they are only unintelligible snippets. However, since then one of these recordings (1857 cornet scale recording) has been restored, and earlier records from 1853 experiments have been found and conserved.\nScott's phonautograms were selected by the Library of Congress as a 2010 addition to the National Recording Registry, which selects recordings annually that are \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "It has been claimed that in 1863, Scott's phonautograph was used to make a recording of Abraham Lincoln's voice at the White House. A phonautogram of Lincoln's voice was supposedly among the artifacts kept by Thomas Edison. According to FirstSounds.org, these stories are variations of a myth that likely first appeared in print in a 1969 book about antique collecting, in which the Lincoln recording is explicitly categorized as a legend and dismissed as based on \"garbled accounts\". There is no solid evidence that such a recording ever existed. Scott did not visit the US in the 1860s and therefore could not have recorded Lincoln himself, as one version of the legend claims he did.", "", "Schoenherr, Steven E. \"Leon Scott and the Phonautograph\". Recording Technology History. University of San Diego. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2008. Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville was born in France in 1817.\n\"Oldest recorded voices sing again\". BBC. 28 March 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2008. An \"ethereal\" 10 second clip of a woman singing a French folk song has been played for the first time in 150 years. The recording of \"Au Clair de la Lune\", recorded in 1860, is thought to be the oldest known recorded human voice.\n\"Sound Recording Predates Edison Phonograph\". National Public Radio. Retrieved 5 April 2008. He invented a device called the phonautograph, and, on 9 April 1860, recorded someone singing the words, 'Au clair de la lune, Pierrot repondit [sic].' But he never had any intention of playing it back. He just wanted to study the pattern the sound waves made on a sheet of paper blackened by the smoke of an oil lamp.\nHankins, Thomas L.; Robert J. Silverman (1995). Instruments and the Imagination. Princeton University Press. pp. 133 to 135. ISBN 0-691-00549-4.\nde Martinville, Édouard-Léon Scott. \"The Phonautographic Manuscripts of Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville\" (PDF). Translated by Feaster, Patrick.\n\"Origins of Sound Recording: The Inventors\". www.nps.gov. 2017.\nFabry, Merrill (1 May 2018). \"What Was the First Sound Ever Recorded by a Machine?\". Time. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2022.\n\"FirstSounds.ORG\".\nRosen, Jody (27 March 2008). \"Researchers Play Tune Recorded Before Edison\". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 March 2008. The audio excavation could give a new primacy to the phonautograph, once considered a curio, and its inventor, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, a Parisian typesetter and tinkerer who went to his grave convinced that credit for his breakthroughs had been improperly bestowed on Edison.\nThe melody is also that of the ancient \"Response Before the Gospel\" used during the Lenten season by the Catholic Church; it is first sung by a single congregant, then repeated, melody and lyric, by everyone attending the day’s Mass. In English translation, its words are \"[By] Your Cross and Ressurrection,/ You Have Set Us Free\".\n\"Earliest Known Sound Recordings Revealed\". U.S. News & World Report.\nThe 1888 Crystal Palace recordings\nhttp://www.firstsounds.org/sounds/scott.php\nCowen, Ron (1 June 2009). \"Earliest Known Sound Recordings Revealed Researchers unveil imprints made 20 years before Edison invented phonograph\". Science News. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 26 June 2009.\nOrbin, Joe. \"Leon Scott's COMPLETE DISCOGRAPHY 1853 - 1860\". YouTube. FirstSounds.org. Retrieved 20 March 2019.\nOrbin, Joe. \"Restored ! 1857 Cornet Scale Recording\". YouTube. FirstSounds.org. Retrieved 20 March 2019.\n\"Lost Language, Political Voices and Earliest Known Recording Among 25 Named to the National Recording Registry\". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 21 June 2022.\nHafner, Katie (25 March 1999). \"In Love With Technology, as Long as It's Dusty\". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 February 2013. In 1863, nearly 15 years before Thomas Alva Edison created the first phonograph, an inventor named Leon Scott is said to have visited the White House. If historical anecdotes are accurate, he made a tracing of President Lincoln's voice with his newly invented 'phonautograph,' a machine that scratched sound patterns onto a soot-blackened sheet of paper wrapped around a drum.\n\"The 'Lost' Tracing of Lincoln's Voice\". FirstSounds.org. Retrieved 23 February 2013.", "Helmholtz, Hermann. On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music. Translated by Alexander J. Ellis. London: Longmans, Green, 1875, p. 20.\nHistory of the Phonautograph Marco, Guy A., editor. Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound in the United States. New York: Garland, 1993, p. 615.\nWinston, Brian. Media Technology and Society: a History from the Telegraph to the Internet. New York : Routledge, 1998.", "FirstSounds.org, including The Phonautographic Manuscripts of Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville" ]

[ "Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville", "Early years", "Phonautograph", "Rediscovery of the Au clair de la lune recording", "Additional recordings", "Abraham Lincoln recording myth", "Publications", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

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[ "", "The REM station under construction in November 2021." ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/%C3%89douard-Montpetitmetro.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Edouard-Montpetit_REM_platform_construction_Nov_2021.jpg" ]

[ "Édouard-Montpetit is a Montreal Metro station in of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Blue Line. It is located in the Côte-des-Neiges area of the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce near the borough of Outremont.", "It is a normal side platform station.", "During planning, the station was to be named Vincent-d'Indy, but the name was ultimately changed to Édouard-Montpetit, from the street under which it lies: Édouard-Montpetit Boulevard. The boulevard in turn takes its name from Édouard Montpetit (1881–1954), a Quebec lawyer, economist and academic closely linked with the nearby Université de Montréal.", "Édouard-Montpetit station was designed to be able to provide a connection with the then-Agence métropolitaine de transport's Montreal—Deux Montagnes commuter rail line, which during the planning of the original network was to have been converted into Line 3 of the Metro. However, this never made it past the planning stage. If such a connection were implemented, high-speed elevators would run from the Metro station to the train station in the Mount Royal Tunnel, 75 metres (246 feet) below. This project was resurrected again in 2016 with the Réseau express métropolitain project.\nThe ventilation shaft for the Mount Royal Tunnel is next to the Édouard-Montpetit Station.", "The Edouard-Montpetit station will be connected to the Réseau express métropolitain via an interchange station in the Mount Royal Tunnel. High-speed elevators will connect the two systems through 75 metres (246 feet), making the station the deepest in Canada and the second in North America after Portland's Washington Park station (79 metres (259 feet)).\nConstruction on the Édouard-Montpetit REM station began in July 2018.", "", "Université de Montréal:\nCEPSUM\nMarie-Victorin building, named for Marie-Victorin\nSalle Claude Champagne, named for Claude Champagne\nAcadémie Saint-Germain\nÉcole de musique Vincent d'Indy", "\"Édouard-Montpetit Station\". REM. Retrieved 31 December 2020.\n\"Fare Zones\". Metropolitan Regional Transportation Authority. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.\nSociété de transport de Montréal (2021-04-16). Entrants de toutes les stations de métro en 2020 (Report) – via Access to Information Act request, reference no. 0308.2021.075.\nSociété de transport de Montréal (2020-05-21). Entrants de toutes les stations de métro en 2019 (Report) – via Access to Information Act request, reference no. 0308.2020.091.\nÉdouard-Montpetit Metro Station\nTunnel\n\"A deep dive into North America's second deepest subway station\".\n\"Les travaux du REM débutent à la station Édouard-Montpetit\".", "Édouard-Montpetit station on STM website\nMontreal by Metro, metrodemontreal.com\n2011 STM System Map\nMetro Map" ]

[ "Édouard-Montpetit station", "Overview", "Origin of name", "Particularities", "REM connection", "Connecting bus routes", "Nearby points of interest", "References", "External links" ]

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