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PaulLerner

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[ "between 1875 and 1895" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Era%C3%AFm_Miriam_Delaborde_pianiste.png" ]

[ "Élie-Miriam Delaborde (born Eraïm-Miriam Delaborde; 7 February 1839 – 9 December 1913) was a French virtuoso pianist and composer. He was also renowned as a player of the pedal piano.", "His birth was registered under the name of his mother Lina Eraïm Miriam, aged 38, of Nantes, and an unnamed father. Delaborde was generally believed to be the illegitimate son of the composer and pianist Charles-Valentin Alkan and one of his high-class married pupils. Delaborde was the maiden name of Antoinette, mother of George Sand, the author and sometime lover of Alkan's friend Frédéric Chopin. Some writers have seen some significance in this. Alkan's withdrawal from public life had also coincided with the birth and upbringing of Delaborde. Alkan and Delaborde also shared several similarities such as their similar skill in playing the pedal piano and both of them being parrot enthusiasts. It was claimed that the pianist Isidor Philipp averred that Delaborde detested his father, but this seems doubtful as Delaborde played Alkan's music and edited his works.\nHe was a pupil of Alkan, Franz Liszt, Ignaz Moscheles, and Adolf von Henselt. He made successful tours of England, Germany and Russia, and travelled with Henri Vieuxtemps and Henryk Wieniawski. In Spring of 1871, during the Franco-Prussian War, he escaped from France to London with his 121 parrots and cockatoos, as well as 2 pet monkeys. One of these monkeys he named Isadora, in honor of Isidor Philipp. In 1873 he was appointed professor at the Paris Conservatoire, where his pupils included Olga Samaroff (one-time wife of Leopold Stokowski), Aline van Barentzen, and Marie Poitevin, the dedicatee of César Franck's Prelude, Chorale and Fugue.\nDelaborde was a fencer, a passionate athlete, a bon vivant and a ladies' man. He also painted under the pseudonym \"Miriam\", and was a close friend of Édouard Manet. Camille Saint-Saëns' Piano Concerto No. 3 was dedicated to Delaborde. He was in the circle of Pauline Viardot, Ivan Turgenev and Ernest Guiraud.\nDelaborde was also a close friend of Georges Bizet and his wife, Geneviève. Delaborde may have been indirectly responsible for Bizet's death, which followed a swimming competition between the two, as a result of which Bizet caught a chill. After Bizet's death, Delaborde formed an alliance with Geneviève. Scholars have speculated that Delaborde and Geneviève were having an affair even before Bizet's death. The two had signed a marriage contract in August 1876, but they never got married. In 1901 he became engaged to a much younger pupil, but it also failed to result in marriage.\nDelaborde died on 9 December 1913, aged 74, and was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery on 11 December.", "His compositions included a youthful opera Maître Martin, the opéra-comique La Reine dort, the overture Attila, preludes, studies and fantasies for piano (including a Grande Fantaise on Bizet's Carmen), a piano quintet, and songs. There is also a Scherzetto for chromatic harp. He also edited some of Alkan's music.\nDelaborde's output is significant, but minimal attention has been given to his works. The first acoustic recording in history of one of Delaborde's compositions was Étude d'après une petite Valse de V. Dolmetsch, recorded by Vincenzo Maltempo in 2014, as a part of the Rarities of Piano Music at the \"Schloss vor Husum\" Festival.", "Cadence pour le Finale du concerto pour clavecin en ré mineur de J. S. Bach (1872)\nCadence sur l'Allegro du Concerto en sol, op. 58 de Beethoven. Piano (1878)\nEtudes La bémol majeur (1889)\nEtudes de concert. Piano. La bémol majeur. No 2 (1872)\nExercices de lecture. Piano. Op. 14, no 4 (1887)\nÉtude d'après une petite Valse de V. Dolmetsch (1889)\nFantaisies from 'Carmen' Op. 8 . [Bizet] (1879)\nImpromptu-valse Ré bémol majeur (1872)\nOuverture d'Attila (4 mains) (1879)\nParaphrase on Bundeslied Op. 122 [Beethoven] (1872)\nPetite marche villageoise (1872)\nPrélude. Harpe ou piano. Do majeur (1903)\nPréludes Op. 13\nPromenade de noctambules (1889)\nScherzetto. Harpe ou piano. Fa majeur (1903)\nTranscriptions. Scherzetto. Symphonie. [Marmontel] (1879)\nMenuet from 'L'Arlésienne' [Bizet] (1873)\nTrois pièces pour harpe chromatique (système G. Lyon) ou piano (1903)\nValse de concert. Harpe ou piano. Ré bémol majeur (1903)", "Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed, 1954.\nSmith, Ronald (2000), Alkan, the Man, the Music, 2 vols in 1, London: Averill and Kahn.", "\"Société Alkan, Bulletin 4, March 1987\" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2018.\n\"Alkan Society Bulletin No. 75, April 2007\" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2018.\nEddie, William Alexander (26 October 2018). Charles Valentin Alkan: His Life and His Music. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 9781840142600. Retrieved 26 October 2018 – via Google Books.\nSmith (2002), II, 28.\nPratt, Waldo Selden (1924). The New Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: Macmillan. p. 309. Retrieved 3 December 2020.\nWeber, Caroline. Proust's Duchess: How Three Celebrated Women Captured the Imagination of Fin-de-Siecle Paris. United States, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2018.\nTimbrell, Charles. French pianism: a historical perspective. United States, Amadeus Press, 1999.\nHinson, Maurice (26 October 2018). The Pianist's Dictionary. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253216823. Retrieved 26 October 2018 – via Google Books.\nMinna Curtis, Bizet and his world, 1958, p. 369-70, p. 418\nMacdonald, Hugh. Bizet. United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2014.\nArtfact\nDeVoto, Mark (26 October 2018). Debussy and the Veil of Tonality: Essays on His Music. Pendragon Press. ISBN 9781576470909. Retrieved 26 October 2018 – via Google Books.\n\"Buy Sheet Music Alkan\". www.free-scores.com. Retrieved 26 October 2018.\n\"Ludwig Masters Publications\". Retrieved 26 October 2018.\n\"Eraïm Miriam Delaborde (1839-1913) - Author - Resources from the BnF\". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 26 October 2018.", "Free scores by Elie Miriam Delaborde at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)" ]

[ "Élie-Miriam Delaborde", "Life", "Compositions", "Selected other works", "Sources", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/%C3%89lie_Aboud.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Aboud (Arabic: ايلي عبود; born 12 October 1959 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a French-Lebanese politician and doctor. As a member of the National Assembly of France, he represents the 6th circonscription of the Hérault department, and is a member of the Les Republicains party. Aboud took up the position after the death of the previous deputy, Paul-Henri Cugnenc on 6 July 2007. He is a member of the Cultural, Family and Social Affairs Committee.\nHe was elected in 1995 as a City Councillor and served in this post until 2001, when he became eighth Deputy Mayor of Béziers.\nHe is chairman of \"Generation France\" Béziers, founded by Jean-François Copé, and is the Chairman of parliamentary research groups on repatriates and viticulture.", "Génération France (in French)", "(in French) Élie Aboud - official website.\n(in French) Élie Aboud on the National Assembly website." ]

[ "Élie Aboud", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4293 ]

[ 19732 ]

[ "Baup in 2013" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Valais_Cup_2013_-_OM-FC_Porto_13-07-2013_-_Elie_Baup_%C3%A0_la_conf%C3%A9rence_de_presse.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Baup ([eli ˈbop]) born 17 March 1955) is a French football manager and a former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. His last post was the manager of Ligue 1 side Marseille.", "", "As the club manager of Bordeaux, Baup won the French Division 1 championships in 1999 and the Coupe de la Ligue in 2002. He was sacked on 24 October 2003 by the club president Jean-Louis Triaud.\nBaup signed on as the manager of Saint-Étienne in 2004, bringing to the club one of his favourite players, Pascal Feindouno. Saint-Étienne had won promotion to Ligue 1 at the end of the 2003–04 season. During Baup's tenure, the club finished sixth and thirteenth in the table respectively in the 2004–05 Ligue 1 and 2005–06 Ligue 1 seasons. He resigned from the club at the end of the 2005–06 season.\nIn his first season as the manager of the club, Baup guided Toulouse to finish third in the table in the 2006–07 Ligue 1 season. Toulouse thus earned a place in the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round, where it lost to Liverpool 5–0 on aggregate. With Toulouse finishing only 17th in the table in the 2007–08 Ligue 1 season and barely escaping relegation to Ligue 2, Baup was sacked on 30 May 2008, with one year left on his contract.\nBaup became the manager of Ligue 1 club Nantes on 28 August 2008. He resigned from the club on 2 June 2009, with over a year to run on his contract, after he had failed to save it from relegation to Ligue 2.\nFrom 2009 to 2012, Baup worked as a football consultant in Canal Football Club, a program that shows highlights of Ligue 1 matches on Canal+.", "On 4 July 2012, Baup signed a two-year contract with Marseille as its new manager, succeeding Didier Deschamps, who had left the club two days earlier to become the manager of France. On 2 August 2012, Baup oversaw his first competitive match as Marseille manager, a 1–1 away draw in the 2012–13 Europa League third qualifying round first leg against Turkish club Eskişehirspor. Seven days later, Marseille beat Eskişehirspor 3–0 in the return leg, winning the tie 4–1 on aggregate and thus secured a place in the 2012–13 Europa League play-off round. Marseille eventually qualified for the 2012–13 Europa League group stage, but did not progress from it to the knockout phase. On 12 August 2013, Baup's Marseille won its opening 2012–13 Ligue 1 match away against Reims with a 1–0 scoreline. The club would later achieve its best-ever start to a Ligue 1 or Division 1 season by winning its first six 2012–13 Ligue 1 matches. Marseille would eventually finish the 2012–13 Ligue 1 season in runner-up position, 12 points behind Paris Saint-Germain. Coincidentally, Marseille was defeated in the round of 16 of the 2012–13 Coupe de France and 2012–13 Coupe de la Ligue by Paris Saint-Germain by the same scoreline of 2–0.\nIn the afternoon of 7 December 2013, the club announced on its website that Baup was no longer the Olympqiue de Marseille manager. The club president (Vincent Labrune) and Baup had earlier held a meeting right after the end of the training session conducted in the morning of 7 December 2013. \"The board feel that, after 17 league matches into the season, results have not corresponded with our objectives and a firm decision had to be taken to get the team moving in the right direction again in the coming weeks,\" read a statement on the club's official website. Vincent Labrune said that the decision to dismiss Baup was \"the most difficult and painful he had had to take since he came to the club\". \"Elie Baup is unanimously appreciated for his qualities as a person,\" Labrune added. \"Nobody can forget the job he has done at Olympique de Marseille. He enabled us to finish second last season when nobody expected us to.\" The decision to sack Baup came just a day after Marseille lost 1–0 to Nantes at the Stade Velodrome in a Ligue 1 match that left them in fifth position and 13 points behind leaders Paris Saint-Germain in the Ligue 1 table at the conclusion of the week 17 matches. Marseille had also fared poorly in the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League. They had so far failed to pick up a single point from their first five Group F matches against Arsenal, Borussia Dortmund and Napoli, thus ensuring that they would finish at the bottom of the group.", "Bordeaux\nFrench Division 1: 1998–99\nCoupe de la Ligue: 2001–02", "As of 7 December 2013.", "Baup played for the Toulouse youth team in 1970–1974. He also played for US Larroque (1966–1970), SO Mazamet (1974–1978) and Muret (1978–1981), but there is no information about appearances and goals.", "\"Elie Baup Quits Nantes After Ligue 1 Relegation\". Goal.com. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2011.\n\"Officiel : Elie Baup nommé entraîneur\" (in French). OM.net. 4 July 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.\n\"Baup named Olympique Marseille coach\". Chicago Tribune. 4 July 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.\n\"Baup named new manager of Marseille\". Fox News. 4 July 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.\n\"Marseille move swiftly to appoint Baup\". UEFA. 4 July 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.\n\"Un petit avantage pour l'OM\" (in French). OM.net. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2011.\n\"Marseille 3–0 Eskişehirspor\". UEFA. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.\n\"L'OM réussit sa première\" (in French). OM.net. 12 August 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.\n\"Elie Baup n'est plus l'entraîneur de l'OM\" (in French). Olympique de Marseille Official Website. 7 December 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.\n\"Marseille sack Elie Baup\". Sports Mole. 7 December 2013.\n\"Elie Baup managerial statistics\". Soccerbase. 6 July 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011.", "Élie Baup at Goal.com Archived 22 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine\nÉlie Baup management career statistics at Soccerbase\nÉlie Baup at FootballDatabase.eu" ]

[ "Élie Baup", "Managerial career", "1994–2009", "Marseille", "Trophies as a manager", "Managerial statistics", "Notes", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4294 ]

[ 19733, 19734, 19735, 19736, 19737, 19738, 19739, 19740, 19741, 19742, 19743, 19744, 19745, 19746 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/%C3%89lie_Berthet.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Berthet (8 June 1815 - 3 February 1891) was a French novelist.\nBerthet was born in Limoges. A most prolific writer, he wrote more than 100 novels about Paris, criminal affairs, the prehistoric world, and other subjects. His Les Houilleurs de Polignies is reported to have been one of the inspirations for Zola's Germinal. He died, aged 75, in Paris.", "La Veilleuse (recueil de récits, published under the penname Élie Raymond) (1835)\nLe Pacte de famine (drama, with Paul Foucher) (1839)\nLes Garçons de recette (drama, with Adolphe d'Ennery) (1840)\nL'Ami du château (with Henry Monnier) (1841)\nLe Colporteur (1841)\nLa Croix de l'affût (1841)\nLe Chevalier de Clermont (with Henry Monnier) (1841)\nJustin (1842)\nVal d'Andorre (1842)\nLa Belle Drapière (1843)\nRichard Le Fauconnier (1844)\nLa Ferme de l'Oseraie (1846)\nChâteau de Montbrun (1847)\nLa Fille du cabanier (1847)\nLe Pacte de famine (roman) (1847)\nPaul Duvert (1848)\nLe Château d'Auvergne (1848)\nUne maison de Paris (1848)\nLa Mine d'or (1849)\nL'Étang de Précigny (1849)\nLe Roi des ménétriers (1850)\nAntonia (1850)\nLe Val-perdu (1851)\nLa Falaise Saint-Honorine (1851)\nLa Fille des Pyrénées (1851)\nLes Mésaventures de Michel Morin (1851)\nLa Roche tremblante (1851)\nLe Réfractaire (1852)\nLa Malédiction de Paris (1852)\nLe Vallon suisse (1852)\nLa Bastide rouge (1853)\nCadet de Normandie (1853)\nLa Ferme de La Borderie (1853)\nLe Garçon de banque (1853)\nLe Marquis de Norville (1853)\nLes Missionnaires du Paraguay (1853)\nLes Mystères de La Famille (1853)\nLes Catacombes de Paris (1854)\nLe Garde-chasse (1854)\nGaëtan le Savoyard (1855)\nJustine (1855)\nLa Maison murée (1855)\nLe Spectre de Châtillon (1855)\nLa Mère du notaire (1856)\nLes Chauffeurs (1857)\nLe Nid de Cigognes (1857)\nLa Bête du Gévaudan (1858)\nLa Dryade de Clairefont (1859)\nLes Émigrans : la colonie du Kansas (1859)\nLe Douanier de mer (1860)\nLe Dernier Irlandais (1860)\nLa Directrice des postes (1861)\nL'Homme des bois (1861)\nL'Aveugle-né (1862)\nLe Gentilhomme verrier (1862)\nOdilia (1863)\nL'Oiseau du désert (1863)\nLe Capitaine Blaugis (1864)\nLe Fou de St.-Didier (1864)\nLe Juré (1864)\nLa Double Vue (1865)\nL'Enfant des bois (1865)\nLe Fermier Reber (1865)\nLa Maison des Deux Sœurs (1865)\nLes Houilleurs de Polignies (1866)\nLa Peine de mort ou La Route du mal (1866)\nLe Bon Vieux Temps (1867)\nLe Démon de La Chasse (1868)\nLes Drames de Cayenne (1868)\nLe Séquestré (1869)\nLa Tour du télégraphe (1869)\nLe Gouffre (1872)\nL'Année du grand hiver 1709 (1873)\nL'Incendiaire (1873)\nL'Œil de diamant (1873)\nLes Parisiennes à Nouméa (1873)\nLe Capitaine Rémy (1874)\nLes Drames du cloître (1874)\nLes Oreilles du banquier (1874)\nLa Famille Savigny (1875)\nMaître Bernard (1875)\nLes Crimes inconnus (1876)\nRomans Préhistoriques (1876)\nL'Assassin du percepteur (1877)\nLe Braconnier (1877)\nLe Juré assassin (1877)\nMlle. de La Fougeraie (1877)\nM. de Blangy et Les Riupert (1877)\nLe Sauvage (1877)\nTout est bien qui finit bien (1877)\nLes Trois spectres (1877)\nHistoire des uns et des autres (1878)\nLes Cagnards de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Paris (1879)\nLe Crime de Pierrefitte (1879)\nLes Crimes du sorcier (1879)\nLes Petites Écolières dans les cinq parties du monde (1880)\nLa Fontaine et La Fidélité (1880)\nUn mariage secret (1880)\nLe Martyre de La Boscotte (1880)\nMère et fille (1880)\nUne mystérieuse aventure (1880)\nLe Charlatan (1881)\nTête-à-l'envers (1881)\nLa Bonne femme (1882)\nLe Marchand de tabac (1882)\nLe Sac de Loramée (1882)\nFleur de Bohême (1883)\nLa Sœur du curé (1883)\nLe Brocanteur (1884)\nLa Femme du fou (1884)\nParis avant l'histoire (1884)\nÉdouard chez Les Orangs (1885)\nLa Famille Rupert (1885)\nLe Garde-Champêtre (1885)\nL'Herboriste Nicias (1886)\nLa Maison du malheur (1886)\nLes Petits écoliers dans les cinq parties du monde (1887)\nL'Expérience du grand-papa (1887)\nLa Petite Chailloux (1888)\nLe Murier blanc ; le chasseur de marmottes (1890)\nSœur Julie (1890)", "Marel, Henri. « Germinal et Les Houilleurs de Polignies », Cahiers de l’U.E.R. Froissart (Valenciennes), no 5, automne 1980, pp. 113–126.", "Works by or about Élie Berthet at Internet Archive" ]

[ "Élie Berthet", "Works", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4295 ]

[ 19747, 19748, 19749 ]

[ "Élie Fréron" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Fr%C3%A9ron_E..jpg" ]

[ "Élie Catherine Fréron (20 January 1718 – 10 March 1776) was a French literary critic and controversialist whose career focused on countering the influence of the philosophes of the French Enlightenment, partly through his vehicle, the Année littéraire. Thus Fréron, in recruiting young writers to counter the literary establishment became central to the movement now called the Counter-Enlightenment.", "Fréron was born at Quimper in Brittany and educated by the Jesuits. He made such rapid academic progress that he was appointed professor at the college of Louis-le-Grand before he turned twenty. He became a contributor to the Observations sur les écrits modernes of the abbé Pierre Desfontaines. The very fact of his collaboration with Desfontaines, one of Voltaire's bitterest enemies, was sufficient to arouse the latter's hostility, and although Fréron had begun his career as one of his admirers, his attitude towards Voltaire soon changed.\t\nFréron in 1746 founded a similar journal of his own, entitled Lettres de la Comtesse de ... It was suppressed in 1749, but he immediately replaced it by Lettres sur quelques écrits de ce temps, which, with the exception of a short suspension in 1752, on account of an attack on the character of Voltaire, was continued till 1754, when it was succeeded by the more ambitious Année littéraire. His death at Paris in 1776 is said to have been hastened by the temporary suppression of this journal.", "Fréron is now remembered solely for his attacks on Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists, and for the retaliation from Voltaire, who, besides attacking Fréron in epigrams, and even incidentally in some of his tragedies, directed against him a virulent satire, Le Pauvre diable, and made him the principal personage in a comedy L'Ecossaise, in which the journal of Fréron is designated L'Âne littéraire, \"the Literary Ass\". Fréron is also mentioned in Voltaire's famous novel Candide, in reference to a rude critic the title character meets at a theater. A further attack on Fréron entitled Anecdotes sur Fréron ... (1760), published anonymously, is generally attributed to Voltaire.\nFréron was the author of an Ode sur la bataille de Fontenoy (1745) Histoire de Marie Stuart (1742, 2 vols.); and Histoire de l'empire d'Allemagne (1771, 8 vols.).\nHe was the father of Stanislas Fréron, revolutionary politician.", "1742: Histoire de Marie Stuart, with abbé de Marsy.\n1745: Ode sur la bataille de Fontenoy.\n1746: Lettres de la comtesse de ***.\n1749–1750 and 1752–1754, Lettres sur quelques écrits de ce temps, with Joseph de La Porte, 13 vol.\n1753: Opuscules, 3 vol.\n1754–1790: L'Année littéraire, 290 vol.\n1771: Histoire de l'empire d'Allemagne, 8 vol.", "Jean Balcou, Fréron contre les philosophes, Geneva, Droz, 1975.\nJean Balcou, Le Dossier Fréron. Correspondances et documents, Geneva, Droz, 1975.\nJean Balcou, Sophie Barthélemy et André Cariou (dir.), Fréron, polémiste et critique d'art, Collection Interférences, 2001 ISBN 2-86847-528-0.\nFrançois Cornou, Elie Fréron (1718-1775), Trente années de luttes contre Voltaire et les philosophes du XVIII, Paris (Champion) et Quimper (Le Goazion), 1922. Review by Louis Marcel in the Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, 1922, vol. 8, n° 41, pp. 476–479, available at le site Persée.\nCharles Monselet, Fréron ou l'illustre critique, Paris, R. Pincebourde, 1864.\nJulien Trévédy, Fréron et sa famille d'après des documents authentiques & inédits rectifiant toutes les biographies, Saint-Brieuc, L. & R. Prud'homme, 1889.", "For Fréron's publications, see Jack Censer, The French Press in the Age of Enlightenment (London) 1994, pp 102–10.", "Jean Balcou, Fréron contre les philosophes (Geneva) 1975.\nOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Fréron, Élie Catherine\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 208." ]

[ "Élie Catherine Fréron", "Biography", "Legacy", "Works", "Bibliography", "Notes", "References" ]

[ 4296 ]

[ 19750, 19751, 19752, 19753, 19754, 19755, 19756, 19757, 19758, 19759 ]

[ "Elie Chouraqui (2010)" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Elie_chouraqui_deauville.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Chouraqui (born 3 July 1950) is a French film director and scriptwriter. His 1996 film Les menteurs was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.\nHe made several films with Anouk Aimée.\nIn his younger days he was a volleyball enthusiast and was captain of the French Volleyball team at the European and World championships winning 112 caps. He commentated on volleyball from French Television at the 2016 Rio Olympics.", "1978: Mon premier amour\n1980: Une page d'amour\n1982: Qu'est-ce qui fait courir David?\n1985: Paroles et Musique\n1987: Man on Fire\n1990: Miss Missouri\n1993: Les marmottes\n1996: Les menteurs\n2000: Harrison's Flowers\n2006: O Jerusalem\n2009: Celle que j'aime\n2016: The Origin of Violence", "", "\"Berlinale: 1996 Programme\". Berlinale.de. Retrieved 2012-01-01.\nRyan, Desmond. \"SCOTT GLENN PLAYS A FORMER CIA AGENT WHO GUARDS A GIRL.\" The Philadelphia Inquirer. Monday November 9, 1987. E4 Features Daily Magazine. Retrieved on Tuesday April 3, 2012.\n\"Association des Internationaux Français de Volley-Ball\". EQUIPES DE FRANCE MASCULINES SENIORS. Association des Internationaux Français de Volley-Ball. 2003.\nBattistella, Maxime (7 August 2016). \"Jeux Olympiques : Elie Chouraqui (France Télévisions) : \"J'ai été international de volley-ball\"\". Programme-tv.net. Retrieved 29 December 2018.", "Élie Chouraqui at IMDb" ]

[ "Élie Chouraqui", "Filmography", "Musical theatre", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4297 ]

[ 19760, 19761, 19762 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Elie_Dote.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Doté (born 9 July 1948) is a Central African politician. He was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from June 2005 to January 2008.", "Born in Bangui on 9 July 1948, Doté has a doctorate degree in rural economy from the University of Montpellier in France. He worked at the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ministry from 1974 to 1980 before becoming an expert at the African Development Bank (ADB) in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. At the ADB, he held various portfolios within the agro-economic field. His last post at the ADB was that of chief of agriculture and rural development from 2001 to 2005. Doté received the National Order of Burkina Faso on 8 April 2005.\nHis appointment as Prime Minister by President François Bozizé on 13 June 2005, following a presidential and parliamentary election, was considered surprising; Doté, who had previously been working outside the country in Tunis for the ADB, was at the time largely unknown in CAR. Pierre Gonifei-Ngaibonanou had met Doté in Tunis and mentioned he would be a good candidate for prime minister to Bozizé. In the end, he was chosen for his \"technocratic qualities\" and was responsible for implementing the development program developed by Bozizé. In a cabinet reshuffle in early September 2006, Doté became finance minister in addition to his post as prime minister.\nOn 17 January 2008, after a civil service strike began early in the month, demanding that the government pay wage arrears, a majority of deputies in the National Assembly filed a censure motion against Doté's government, and the motion was to be considered on 19 January. On 18 January 2008, it was announced that Doté and his government had resigned and Bozizé had accepted the resignation. His successor, university rector Faustin-Archange Touadéra, was appointed by Bozizé on 22 January 2008.\nIn 2015, he gave a speech requesting help from France and the international community to end the chaos in his country. He called on President Catherine Samba-Panza and her government to step down for their failure to implement the roadmap for transition.", "Bradshaw & Fandos-Rius 2016, p. 233\n\"Centrafrique: Elie Doté nommé Premier ministre\" (in French). Xinhua News Agency. 14 June 2005. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2016..\nBradshaw & Fandos-Rius 2016, p. 308\n\"Elie Doté, un agronome Premier ministre\". RFI.fr (in French). 14 June 2005. Retrieved 4 November 2016.\n\"Nouveau gouvernement\". fodem.org (in French). 3 September 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2016..\n\"Centrafrique: démission du gouvernement d'Elie Doté\". Jeuneafrique.com (in French). AFP. 18 January 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2016..\n\"Centrafrique: le recteur de l'université de Bangui nommé Premier ministre\". Jeuneafrique.com (in French). AFP. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2016..\n\"Élie Doté : \"Je crie au secours pour la Centrafrique\"\". Lefigaro. 18 February 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2016.\n\"Centrafrique: Le Premier ministre Elie Doté propose une autre transition\". L'infodome. 13 August 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2016.", "Bradshaw, Richard; Fandos-Rius, Juan (2016). Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810879921." ]

[ "Élie Doté", "Biography", "Notes", "References" ]

[ 4298 ]

[ 19763, 19764, 19765, 19766, 19767, 19768, 19769 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Ducommun.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Ducommun (19 February 1833, Geneva – 7 December 1906, Bern) was a Swiss peace activist. He was a Nobel laureate, awarded the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with Charles Albert Gobat.\nBorn in Geneva, he worked as a tutor, language teacher, journalist and a translator for the Swiss federal Chancellery (1869–1873).\nIn 1867 he helped to found the Ligue de la paix et de la liberté (League of Peace and Freedom), though he continued working at other positions, including secretary for the Jura-Simplon Steel Company from 1873 to 1891. That year, he was appointed director of the newly formed Bureau international de la paix (International Peace Office), the first non-governmental international peace organization, based in Bern. He refused to accept a salary for the position, stating that he wished to serve in this capacity solely for reasons of idealism.\nHis keen organizational skills ensured the group's success. He was awarded in the Nobel Peace Prize in 1902, and served as director of the organization until his death in 1906.", "List of peace activists", "Élie Ducommun on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, May 16, 1904 The Futility of War Demonstrated by History" ]

[ "Élie Ducommun", "See also", "References" ]

[ 4299 ]

[ 19770 ]

[ "Élie Faure", "One illustration from Élie Faure's History of art (1921): Cordova (8th Century); interior of the great mosque" ]

[ 0, 6 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/%C3%89lie_Faure_-_1878_-_Atelier_Nadar.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/History_of_art_%281921%29_%2814783037022%29.jpg" ]

[ "Jacques Élie Faure (April 4, 1873 in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France – October 29, 1937 in Paris) was a French doctor, art historian and essayist.\nHe is the author of History of Art, considered a historiographical pillar in the discipline.", "", "Élie Faure was the son of Pierre Faure, a merchant, and Zéline Reclus. He was very close to two of his uncles, namely the geographer and anarchist activist Élisée Reclus and the ethnologist Élie Reclus. In 1888, he joined his brothers Léonce and Jean-Louis in Paris and enrolled at the Lycée Henri-IV, where he had as classmates in philosophy class Léon Blum, R. Berthelot, Gustave Hervé and Louis Laloy.\nPassionate about painting, he often visited the Louvre and immersed himself in the works of his philosophy teacher, Henri Bergson.\nWith his baccalaureate in hand, he enrolled in the faculty of medicine and began practicing in working-class neighborhoods in Paris. He worked as an anesthesiologist and specialized in embalming with his brother Jean-Louis, a surgeon and gynecologist. Nevertheless, he continued to attend exhibitions and regularly visited workshops of painters and sculptors.\nOn 7 April 1896, he married Suzanne Gilard, daughter of the pastor of Eynesse. Together, they had a daughter, Elisabeth, whom his friend, the painter Eugène Carrière, sketched in 1902. On May 3, 1899, Élie Faure presented his doctoral thesis in medicine which dealt with an innovative treatment for lupus.\nHe also publicly engaged in political battles of the time, taking sides with Dreyfus and participating in socialist movements.", "In 1902, Élie Faure began to publish articles in L'Aurore, a Parisian literary and socialist newspaper. He mainly wrote about his experiences of the then famous Salons (Société des Artistes Français, Société nationale des Beaux-Arts, Salon des Indépendants). During these times he met with Gustave Geffroy, Frantz and Francis Jourdain, Eugène Carrière, Antoine Bourdelle and Auguste Rodin.\nHe was passionate about Paul Cézanne and Diego Vélasquez, to whom he devoted his first book. Between 1905 and 1909, he held a series of conferences on the history of art at La Fraternelle university in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. He drew from the lectures the content of his main work, History of Art, first published in 1909. This monumental work, which he reworked several times, held a lyrical style and retraced the evolution of architecture, sculpture, painting and domestic arts from prehistory to the beginning of the 20th century. However, it obscured the academic art of the second half of the 19th century.\nIn 1904, he entered the honorary committee of the Salon d'Automne and organized several exhibitions for them.\nIn Les Constructeurs (1914), he examined the role of artists in society and the influence of thinkers like Michelet and Nietzsche.", "He was drafted as a military doctor at the front line during the First World War. He was quickly traumatized by the fighting, left to the rear of the battlefield, and was diagnosed with neurasthenia. He was back at the front for the Battle of the Somme as a doctor. In The Holy Face, published in 1918, he described the 'ideas war aroused in him'. The first part of the book \"Near the fire\" written between May and July 1916 retraces his time as a frontline doctor from August 1914 to August 1915. The second part, “Far from the fire”, evokes his convalescence in Paris and Côte d'Azur, with a visit to Paul Cézanne. The third part, \"Under fire\", was written in the Somme between August and December 1916.", "Once demobilized, he resumed writing and travelling. He also took interest in cinema, philosophy and history as with his writing a biography on Napoleon, published in 1921. In 1931 he traveled the world, during which he met the painter Diego Rivera in Mexico, discovered the United States, Japan, China, India and Egypt.\nÉlie Faure, worried about the rise of fascism during the 1930s, joined the committee of anti-fascist intellectuals after the anti-parliamentarist street protests in Paris organized by far-right leagues on the 6 February 1934 crisis. He supported the Republicans against Franco during the Spanish Civil War and visited combatants in Barcelona and Madrid. In 1936, he became co-chairman of the Committee for Aid to the Spanish People. At the beginning of 1937, he launched an appeal to Léon Blum in favor of Spain. He also signed a petition in favor of Spain in the newspaper l'Humanité in October 1937. His testimonies on the war in Spain were published after his death in Meditations catastrophiques.\nHe died of a heart attack in Paris on 29 October 1937. He was buried in his family cemetery in the village of Laurents in Saint-Antoine-de-Breuilh.", "Elie Faure was devoted to painter Chaïm Soutine whom he considered a genius. From 1927 onwards, he took the artist on a trip with him, settled several of his debts, bought a few of his works. He also devoted a monograph to him in 1929.\n\nThe fusional friendship was, however, cut short. Soutine fell in love with Faure's daughter, Marie-Line dit Zizou. While in 1930 the Soutine and Faure fell out, Faure wrote to him: “You were, you still are, apart from my two sons, the only man I love.\"", "Vélasquez (1903).\nFormes et Forces (1907).\nEugène Carrière (1908).\nLes Constructeurs (1914).\nLa Conquête (1917).\nLa Sainte Face (1917).\nLa Roue (1919).\nLa Danse sur le Feu et l'Eau (1920).\nNapoléon (1921).\nHistoire de l'Art (1919–1921).\nL'Arbre d'Éden (1922).\nCervantes (1926).\nL'Esprit des Formes (1927).\nDécouverte de l'Archipel (1932).\nD'Autres Terres en Vue (1932).\nMon Périple Suivi de Reflets dans le Sillage (1931). Critical edition by Juliette Hoffenberg, Seghers 1987, 10:18 1994.\nÉquivalences (1951).\nFonction du Cinéma: De la Cinéplastique à son Destin Social, 1921–1937 (1953, with a preface by Charles Chaplin).\nMéditations Catastrophiques (2006).\nTranslated into English\nCézanne (1913, translated by Walter Pach).\nHistory of Art (1921–1930, translated by Walter Pach).\nThe Art of Cineplastics (1923, translated by Walter Pach).\nNapoleon (1924, translated by Jeffery Eardley Marston).\nThe Dance Over Fire and Water (1926, translated by John Gould Fletcher).\nThe Italian Renaissance (1929).\nSelected articles\n\"Reflections on the Greek Genius,\" The Dial, Vol. LXXIII (1922).", "In the opening scene of Jean-Luc Godard's film Pierrot le Fou (1965), Jean-Paul Belmondo's character sits in a bathtub reading Elie Faure's Histoire de l'art to his daughter.\nIn Henry Miller's novels Tropic of Capricorn (novel), Plexus and Nexus Miller speaks of Faure's works.\nWill Durant included Faure's 4-volume History of Art on his list of 100 Best Books for an Education.", "Flinn, Margaret C. (2005). \"The Prescience of Élie Faure\". SubStance. 34 (3): 47–61. ISSN 0049-2426.\nINHA (2009-12-03). \"FAURE, Élie\". inha.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-03-09.\nDurant, Will (1933). 100 Best Books for an Education. New York: Simon and Schuster.", "Flinn, Margaret C. (2005). \"The Prescience of Élie Faure,\" SubStance, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 47–61.\nEllis, Havelock (1919). \"Élie Faure.\" In: The Philosophy of Conflict. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, pp. 68–79.\nPach, Walter (1921). \"Élie Faure,\" The Freeman, Vol. III, pp. 58–60.", "Works by or about Élie Faure at Internet Archive\nWorks by Élie Faure, at Hathi Trust\nFaure, Élie: Dictionary of Art Historians\nPicture of Faure\nShort biography and picture" ]

[ "Élie Faure", "Biography", "Youth and Training", "Art historian", "Participation in the First World War", "The Interwar period", "Friendship", "Works", "Miscellany", "Notes", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 4300, 4301 ]

[ 19771, 19772, 19773, 19774, 19775, 19776, 19777, 19778, 19779, 19780, 19781, 19782, 19783, 19784, 19785, 19786, 19787, 19788 ]

[ "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 3, 6 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Elie_Gesbert.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/MaillotFra.PNG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" ]

[ "Élie Gesbert (born 1 July 1995) is a French racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Arkéa–Samsic. Gesbert competed in the Tour de France in 2017, 2018 and 2019.", "", "Born in Saint-Brieuc, Gesbert rode the Tour de France for the first time in 2017, and started as the first rider in the opening stage individual time trial. He took his first professional win at the Tour du Limousin, as he won stage 1, where he also finished 2nd overall.\nGesbert rode his first Monument classic in 2018, at Liège–Bastogne–Liège, and finished 91st. He also participated in the Tour de France during which he was the victim of a punch from fellow competitor Gianni Moscon, which Moscon was later disqualified from the race for.", "2013\n1st Road race, National Junior Road Championships\n2015\n1st Stage 6 Tour de l'Avenir\n2nd Kreiz Breizh Elites\n2016\n1st Stage 3 Ronde de l'Isard\n2017\n2nd Overall Tour du Limousin\n1st Young rider classification\n1st Stage 1\n4th Overall Tour de Bretagne\n1st Stage 6\n6th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon\n Combativity award Stage 10 Tour de France\n2019\n4th Overall Tour de l'Ain\n5th Overall Tour of Oman\n1st Young rider classification\n5th Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge\n6th Tour du Doubs\n9th Overall Tour du Limousin\n9th Paris–Camembert\n Combativity award Stage 14 Tour de France\n2021\n5th Overall Volta ao Algarve\n1st Stage 5\n5th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana\n5th GP Miguel Induráin\n6th Overall Route d'Occitanie\n2022\n4th Overall Tour of Oman\n5th Classic Grand Besançon Doubs\n6th Tour du Jura\n7th Trofeo Pollença - Port d'Andratx\n9th Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia", "", "\"ELIE GESBERT - Arkea-Samsic\". Retrieved 5 July 2019.\n\"Arkéa-Samsic\". Directvelo (in French). Association Le Peloton. Retrieved 7 January 2019.\n\"Franck Bonnamour et Romain Le Roux avec Arkéa-Samsic en 2020\" [Franck Bonnamour and Romain Le Roux with Arkéa-Samsic in 2020]. Arkéa–Samsic (in French). Pro Cycling Breizh. 14 October 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.\n\"Team Arkea - Samsic\". UCI.org. Union Cycliste Internationale. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.\n\"2017: 104th Tour de France: Start List\". Pro Cycling Stats. Retrieved 28 June 2017.\n\"Moscon knows he let the team down with Tour de France disqualification, says Brailsford\". 22 July 2018.", "Élie Gesbert at ProCyclingStats" ]

[ "Élie Gesbert", "Career", "Fortuneo–Vital Concept (2016–present)", "Major results", "Grand Tour general classification results timeline", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4302, 4303 ]

[ 19789, 19790, 19791, 19792, 19793 ]

[ "Élie Halévy at age 19." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/ElieHalevy.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Halévy (6 September 1870 – 21 August 1937) was a French philosopher and historian who wrote studies of the British utilitarians, the book of essays Era of Tyrannies, and a history of Britain from 1815 to 1914 that influenced British historiography.", "Élie Halévy was born in Étretat, Seine-Maritime, where his mother had fled as the German army marched on Paris. His father was the playwright Ludovic Halévy, his brother was the historian Daniel Halévy. His family was of Jewish descent, but his parents were Protestant and he was brought up as a Protestant. Halévy grew up surrounded by musicians, scholars, and politicians. After studying at the École Normale Supérieure, he received his doctorate in philosophy in 1901 with the theses The Platonic Theory of Knowledge and The Origins of Philosophical Radicalism. The latter formed the base of his first major study, The Formation of English Philosophical Radicalism (3 vols., 1901-1904).\nIn an article of 1893, Halévy suggested that the great moral question of modern thought was how the abstract idea of duty could become a concrete aim of society. This question had first attracted him to the utilitarians, and he found at the core of their answer a fundamental contradiction. Utilitarianism, he said, was based on two principles: first, that the science of the legislator must bring together the naturally divergent interests of individuals in society; and, second, that social order comes about spontaneously through the harmony of individual interests. To Halévy, this exemplified two fundamental human attitudes toward the universe: the contemplation of the astronomer and the intervention of the engineer.\nIn 1892, Émile Boutmy invited Halévy to lecture on English political ideas at the newly founded School of Political Science. After 1900, he alternated this course with another, on the history of socialism. At the same time he helped found the Revue de métaphysique et de morale, in which he retained an interest until his death.\nHalévy's teaching led him to undertake annual trips to England, during which he became the intimate friend of many of the most important scholars and political figures of the age. He thoroughly explored the Jeremy Bentham manuscripts at Cambridge for his work on philosophical radicalism and over the years developed a deep and intensive knowledge of all the sources of 19th-century English history. In 1901 he began to work on the first volume of his masterpiece, the History of the English People in the Nineteenth Century (published from 1913 onwards). In this first volume, he described England in 1815 and sought to explain how England avoided violent social change. \"If economic facts explain the course taken by the human race,\" he wrote, \"the England of the nineteenth century was surely, above all other countries, destined to revolution, both politically and religiously.\" Neither the British constitution nor the Established Church was strong enough to hold the country together. He found the answer in religious nonconformity: \"Methodism was the antidote to Jacobinism.\"\nHe did not write his history in chronological sequence, nor did he live to complete it. The second and third volumes of this history (1923) carried the story up to 1841. Then Halévy, profoundly moved by World War I, turned his attention to the period from 1895 to 1914. The two volumes on this period (published in 1926-1930) were written with considerable detachment, considering the immediacy of the problems he discussed. Together with Célestin Bouglé he would republish a set of Saint-Simonian lectures of the 1830, bundled in the 1924 work Doctrine de Saint-Simon.\n\nIn lectures of 1929, revised in 1936 (published in 1938; The Era of Tyrannies), Halévy argued that the world war had increased national control over individual activities and opened the way for de facto socialism. In opposition to those who saw socialism as the last step in the French Revolution, he saw it as a new organization of constraint replacing those that the Revolution had destroyed. Wallas translates: \nThe age of tyrannies dates from the month of August, 1914, that is to say from the time when the belligerent nations first adopted a form of social organisation which may be defined as follows:\n(1) In the economic sphere, the nationalisation, on a vast scale, of all the means of production, distribution and exchange; and at the same time an appeal by the Governments to the leaders of the trade unions for support in carrying out this policy. State Socialism, therefore, is combined with syndicalist and \"corporatism\" elements.\n(2) In the intellectual sphere, the \"nationalisation of ideas\" in two different forms, one negative, that is to say the suppression of all expressions of opinion which were thought to be opposed to the national interest, and the other positive. I shall call the positive aspect \"the organisation of enthusiasm.\"\n\nThe whole of post-war Socialism is derived from this war-time organisation far more than from Marxism. The policy which it offers to men who have often been drawn to it by their distaste for and hatred of war is the continuation of war-time organisation in time of peace. That is the paradox of post-war Socialism.\nIn what proved to be his last work (which he did not live to complete), Halévy began to bridge the gap between 1841 and 1895 with a volume entitled The Age of Peel and Cobden (1841-1852). A liberal individualist to the last, Halévy died at Sucy-en-Brie on 21 August 1937. His publishers posthumously commissioned R. B. McCallum to contribute a supplementary essay to link this volume with the concluding ones, the whole appearing under the title Victorian Years in 1961.", "", "Most of these are online free.\n(1896). La Théorie platonicienne des sciences. Paris: Félix Alcan.\n(1901-1904). La Formation du radicalisme philosophique. Paris: Félix Alcan.\n(1901). La Jeunesse de Bentham 1776-1789.\n(1901). L'Évolution de la doctrine utilitaire de 1789 à 1815.\n(1904). Le Radicalisme philosophique.\n(1903). Thomas Hodgskin (1787-1869). Paris: Librairie Georges Bellais.\n(1913-1946). Histoire du peuple anglais au XIXe siècle.\n(1913). L'Angleterre en 1815.\n(1923). Du lendemain de Waterloo à la veille du Reform Bill.\n(1923). De la Crise du Reform Bill à l'Avènement de Sir Robert Peel: 1830-1841.\n(1946). Le Milieu du siècle: 1841-1852 (posth.)\n(1926). Épilogue 1. Les impérialistes au pouvoir: 1895-1914.\n(1932). Épilogue 2. Vers la démocratie sociale et vers la guerre: 1895-1914.\n(1938). L'Ère des tyrannies, préf. de Célestin Bouglé. (posth.)\n(1948). Histoire du socialisme européen. Paris: Gallimard (posth.)", "Most of these are online free.\n(1928). The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism. New York: The Macmillan Company [London: Faber & Faber, 1952; Clifton, N. J.: Kelley, 1972].\n(1930). The World Crisis of 1914-1918: An Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon.\n(1932, 1949–52). History of the English People in the Nineteenth Century. Translated by E. I. Watkin. London: Ernest Benn, Ltd. online\n(1949). England in 1815.\n(1949). The Liberal Awakening (1815-1830).\n(1950). The Triumph of Reform (1830-1841).\n(1951). Victorian Years (1841-1895).\n(1951). Imperialism and the Rise of Labour (1895-1905).\n(1952). The Rule of Democracy (1905-1914).\n(1956). Thomas Hodgskin. London: Ernest Benn, Ltd.\n(1965). The Era of Tyrannies. Essays on Socialism and War. Translated by R. K. Webb. Notes by Fritz Stern. New York: Doubleday [London: Allen Lane, 1967].", "Halévy, Élie (1921). \"Chartism,\" The Quarterly Review, Vol. 236, No. 468, pp. 62–75.\nHalévy, Élie (1922). \"Where England Stands at Present,\" The Living Age, Vol. 314, No. 4078, September 2, pp. 569–574.\nHalévy, Élie (1941). \"The Age of Tyrannies\". Economica. 8 (29): 77–93. doi:10.2307/2549522. JSTOR 2549522.", "Historiography of the United Kingdom", "Chase, Myrna (1980). Elie Halévy: An Intellectual Biography. New York: Columbia University Press.\nBarker, Ernest (1938). \"Elie Halevy,\" English Historical Review 53, pp. 79-87.\nGillispie, Charles C. (1950). \"The Work of Élie Halévy: A Critical Appreciation,\" Journal of Modern History 22, pp. 232–249.\nBrebner, J.B. (1948). \"Halévy: Diagnostician of Modern Britain,\" Thought 23 (88), pp. 101-113.\nBrebner, J.B. (1951). \"Élie Halévy,\" in Some Modern Historians of Britain: Essays in Honor of R. L. Schuyler. New York: The Dryden Press, pp. 235-54.\nItzkin, Elissa S. (1975). \"The Halévy Thesis: A Working Hypothesis? English Revivalism: Antidote for Revolution and Radicalism 1789-1815,\" Church History, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 47-56.\nWalsh, J. D. (1975). \"Elie Halévy and the Birth of Methodism,\" Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fifth Series, Vol. 25, pp. 1-20.\narchive.org", "Bone, Christopher (1973). \"Elie Halevy: Philosopher as Historian,\" Journal of British Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 151–168.\nBoyd, Kelly, ed. Encyclopedia of historians and historical writing. Vol. 1 (Taylor & Francis, 1999) 508-9.\nBresciani, Marco. \"From 'East to West', the «world crisis» of 1905-1920: a re-reading of Elie Halévy.\" First World War Studies 9.3 (2018): 275-295.\nChase, Myrna. Elie Halévy, an Intellectual Biography (Columbia University Press, 1980).\nFrobert, Ludovic (2007). \"Elie Halévy's First Lectures on the History of European Socialism,\" Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 329–353.\nJones, Hugh Stuart (2002). \"The Era of Tyrannies: Élie Halévy and Friedrich von Hayek on Socialism,\" European Journal of Political Theory 1, pp. 53–69.\nSmith, Catherine Haugh (1942). \"Élie Halévy,\" in Bernadotte Everly Schmitt, (ed.) Some Historians of Modern Britain: Essays in Historiography. University of Chicago Press.\nVergara, Francisco (1998). A critique of Élie Halévy:Refutation of an important distortion of British moral philosophy, Philosophy (Journal of the Royal Institute of Philosophy), London, January 1998.\nVincent, K. Steven (2020). Elie Halevy: Republican Liberalism Confronts the Era of Tyranny. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-9697-6.", "Works by or about Élie Halévy at Internet Archive\nWorks by Élie Halévy, at JSTOR\nÉlie Halévy, 1870-1937\nDrawing of Élie Halévy, by William Rothenstein" ]

[ "Élie Halévy", "Biography", "Publications", "In French", "Works in English translation", "Selected articles", "See also", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 4304 ]

[ 19794, 19795, 19796, 19797, 19798, 19799, 19800, 19801, 19802, 19803, 19804, 19805, 19806, 19807, 19808, 19809, 19810, 19811, 19812, 19813, 19814, 19815, 19816, 19817, 19818 ]

[ "The gothic arch at Belle-Motte", "", "", "" ]

[ 16, 23, 23, 23 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Cimeti%C3%A8re_de_la_Belle-Motte_-_Aiseau-Presles.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Paul_Le_Goff_statue.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Paul_Le_Goff.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Paul_Le_Goff_statue_%282%29.JPG" ]

[ "Élie Le Goff was a French sculptor born in 1858 and who died in 1938. He was a pupil of Henri Chapu and Paul Guibe and was the father of Paul, Élie junior and Henri who were all artists and sculptors. Sadly all three sons lost their lives in the 1914-1918 war. Élie junior and Paul both joined the 71st Infantry Regiment in August 1914 then moved to the 74th Infantry Regiment, both dying from gas inhalation at Boezinge in Belgium on 22 April 1915. Henri was killed in 1918 in fighting around the Meuse.\nThis article gives details of most of Élie Le Goff senior's work and also two works by Paul Le Goff. Paul Le Goff was born in Saint-Brieuc on 1 April 1883 and died in 1915, Élie junior was born in 1881 and Henri was born in 1887.\nAmongst Élie senior's works are the composition \"L'enfant rieur\", a bust of Villiers l'Isles Adam and several war memorials (\"monuments aux morts\"). His son Élie was a student at the École des Arts décoratifs in Paris. His works include \"Un accident de carrière\" and \"Les Frileuses\". His son Paul produced many works including \"La Synthèse de l'hiver\" which won the \"Roux\" prize in 1912 and \"La forme se dégageant de la matière\" which was awarded the \"Prix Chenavard\". His son Henri had studied in New York. In Saint-Brieuc one of the main streets carries the name \"Trois Frères Le Goff\".", "The following are works attributed to him.", "Élie Le Goff was responsible for the limestone sculptures of Saint Brieuc and Saint Tugdual in this Saint Brieuc church situated in the rue Ruffelet. The original chapel was demolished in 1799 and reconstructed in 1838 by Julie Bagot. Le Goff's two sculptures date to 1896\n.", "The capitals of the columns lining the nave of the Église paroissiale Saint-Laurent in Callac were by Élie Le Goff.", "This Élie Le Goff sculpture can be seen in Saint-Brieuc's Place Baratoux and depicts the ex-mayor Baratoux. Le Goff's sculpture replaced a Jean Boucher sculpture which had been confiscated in 1942 by the Vichy authorities and the bronze melted down for re-use.", "This statue, carved from wood, stands in Guingamp's Rue Notre-Dame by the Basilique Notre-Dame de Bon Secours and is a work by Élie Le Goff based on Princess Marie d'Orléans' model of Joan called \"Prière avant le combat\" ('The Prayer before the Battle'). Joan is depicted in a suit of armour and carrying a sword. She is flanked by statues of Saint Catherine and Saint Marguerite. The statue stands on a column with relief panels carved from wood by Le Goff at its base. These reliefs depict:-\n1. \"Jeanne d'arc ecoutant ses voix\" - Jeanne d'Arc listening to her voices\n2. \"Le sacre de Charles vii\" - Coronation of Charles VII in Reims\n3. \"Entrée triumphale à Orléans\" -The triumphal entry into Orléans\n4. \"Supplice de jeanne d'arc\" - The execution of Jeanne d'Arc\n5. Apotheose\nPrincesse Marie d'Orléans was an accomplished sculptor and in 1838 executed a statue of Jeanne d'Arc and it is this that Le Goff used as a model for his sculpture.", "Also in Saint-Brieuc's Parc des Promenades is a marble bust by Élie Le Goff of Auguste de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, the French symbolist writer. The work was completed in 1914.", "Élie's sons Paul Le Goff and his two brothers were all killed in the 1914-1918 war and are buried in the Saint-Michel cemetery in Saint-Brieuc and Élie was commissioned to carry out the tomb's decoration. He executed a bronze medallion and in a tribute to Paul, made a granite version of a work in plaster entitled \"Funérailles bretonnes\" executed by Paul before the start of the war. This moving composition depicts the porch of a chapel from which three generations of Breton women are emerging. They wear mourning clothes. The Saint-Michel cemetery is located in Saint-Brieuc's Rue Jobert de Lamballe. Élie Le Goff junior was killed in Boezinge in Belgium in 1915, as was Paul Le Goff, whilst Henri Le Goff was killed in 1918 at Les Monthairons in the Meuse. The bronze medallion depicts the three brothers, from left to right, Élie, Paul, and Henri. Below the medallion is the granite relief. The inscription reads \n\"Á La Mémoire Des Trois Frères LE GOFF morts pour la France 1914 — 1918 Signed: E. Le Goff\"", "", "The sculpture involved here, called \"Poilu aux lauriers\" and depicting a standing serviceman, is one of a series produced by Elié Le Goff and seen in many communes in Brittany, the only variation being that in some cases the serviceman wears a helmet and in others the beret worn by the marines. Some of the other memorials are at Brech and Etel in Morbihan, Plouha, and Merdrignac and Plémet in Côtes-d'Armor. This memorial dates to 1925. In most cases the work has been cast in bronze although that in Plélan-le-Grand was executed using the local stone kersantite much favoured by sculptors. Another work produced as a series was that entitled \"Le coq\".", "This communes' 1919 war memorial has one of the bronze Elie Le Goff cockerels mentioned above.", "The Quessoy memorial lists the names of 155 soldiers killed in the 1914-1918 war of which 8 were killed early in the war in the 1914 \"Race to the sea\" and 2 in the Balkans fighting with the \"Armée française d'Orient\". Another 10 names added subsequently are of those killed in the 1939-1945 war and one victim of the Indochinese conflict is also added.", "This war memorial was erected in 1928 and Élie Le Goff's \"coq gaulois\" is placed at the top of the obelisk, it's right claw resting on a soldier's helmet.", "The memorial stands in the Rue aux Toiles and remembers the men of Quintin who were killed in the 1914-1918 war. Élie Le Goff carried out the sculptural work involved. The memorial takes the form of a menhir with a relief carving of the head of a helmeted soldier cut into the granite. In front of the menhir, Le Goff places the sculpture of a mother with her child, the woman appearing to be telling the boy who the soldier was. On the back of the menhir is the Quintin coat of arms.", "The sculptural work on this memorial is attributed to Le Goff and features an officer with a sword in his hand protecting a dying young soldier. The names of the 168 men killed in the 1914-1918 war are listed as well as those of 11 men who gave their lives in the 1870 war. Subsequently, a further 32 names were added, victims of the 1939-1945 war, and 6 names of men killed in Indochina and Algeria.", "This 1922 granite memorial in the Place du Général de Gaulle has Élie Le Goff's depiction of Joan of Arc with a bas-relief below depicting the head of a soldier in profile.", "This military cemetery contains the graves of 4,057 French soldiers, the largest concentration of French graves on Belgian soil. In the centre of the cemetery is an arch in the gothic style and inside the arch is a bronze relief by Élie Le Goff depicting the profile of \nErnest Cotelle whose sons Georges and Henri gave their lives in the 1914-1918 war and are buried here at Belle-Motte. From 1919 to 1934, Professor Cotelle had given lectures at Belle-Motte.", "Placed in the Etel cemetery, this memorial was erected in 1922. It has a cast iron sculpture with a coat of bronze by Elie Le Goff depicting a soldier.", "", "In Saint-Brieuc's Cimetière Saint-Michel in the Rue Jobert de Lamballe, Élie Le Goff executed a bronze portrait medallion for the Wernert-Le Restif family.", "Also in the Cimetière Saint-Michel is the tomb of the Pierre Giffard which dates to 1915 and has a bronze portrait medallion by Élie Le Goff.", "This bronze portrait medallion dates to 1911.", "", "This work can be seen in Saint-Brieuc's Parc des Promenades and was sculpted by Paul Le Goff in 1914. The title translates as \"The shape emerging from matter\" and this was the set subject for the Beaux-Arts de Paris competition for the Prix de Rome. Le Goff came fourth but in 1912 he won the \"Grand Prix Roux\" with the work \"La Synthèse de l'hiver\". He also submitted the work \"La forme se dégageant de la matière\" to the Paris salon and it was awarded the third place medal. It was purchased by the French State to be placed in the Jardin du Luxembourg but then given to Saint-Brieuc.", "In Saint-Brieuc's Parc des Promenades there is a monument dedicated to Le Goff by Jules-Charles Le Bozec. The inauguration took place on 29 May 1938", "\"Article in \"Le Télégramme\". Retrieved 19 November 2015.\n\"Article on Le Goff\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Biographies of Le Goff family\". Retrieved 19 November 2015.\n\"Details of Elie Le Goff's works\". Retrieved 19 November 2015.\n\"La Chapelle Notre-Dame de la Fontaine\". Retrieved 6 December 2014.\n\"Decoration in Callac church\". Retrieved 19 November 2015.\n\"Bust of Charles Baratoux\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Statue of Joan of Arc\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Bust of Auguste de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"The tomb of the Le Goff brothers\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Article on Le Goff brothers\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Belz war memorial\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Belz war memorial\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Plérin-sur-Mer\". Retrieved 6 December 2014.\n\"Quessoy war memorial\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Quessoy war memorial\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Quessoy war memorial\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"The Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer war memorial\". Retrieved 20 November 2015.\n\"Quintin war memorial\". Retrieved 4 December 2014.\n\"Quintin war memorial\". Retrieved 4 December 2014.\n\"Lamballe war memorial\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Lamballe war memorial\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Lanvollon war memorial\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"Belle-Motte\". Retrieved 20 November 2015.\n\"Details of military tombs in Etel cemetery including the war memorial and a description of the inauguration ceremony\". Retrieved 19 November 2015.\n\"The Wernert tomb\". Retrieved 6 December 2014.\n\"The tomb of Pierre Giffard\". Retrieved 6 December 2014.\n\"The tomb of Alexandre Nouet\". Retrieved 6 December 2014.\n\"La forme se dégageant de la matière\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"La forme se dégageant de la matière\". Retrieved 5 December 2014.\n\"La forme se dégageant de la matière\". Retrieved 5 December 2014." ]

[ "Élie Le Goff", "Main works", "La Chapelle Notre-Dame de la Fontaine", "Decoration of the Saint-Laurent parish church in Callac", "Bust of Charles Baratoux", "Statue of Joan of Arc", "Auguste de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam", "The tomb of the three Le Goff brothers", "War Memorials", "Belz, Morbihan War Memorial", "Plérin War Memorial", "Quessoy War Memorial", "Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer War Memorial", "Quintin War Memorial", "Lamballe War Memorial", "Lanvollon War Memorial", "Belle-Motte Military Cemetery in Aiseau-Presles", "Etel war memorial", "Funerary sculpture", "\"Wernert\" tomb", "The tomb of Pierre Giffard", "The tomb of Alexandre Nouet", "Works by Paul Le Goff", "\"La forme se dégageant de la matière\"", "Monument to Paul Le Goff", "References" ]

[ 4305, 4306, 4307 ]

[ 19819, 19820, 19821, 19822, 19823, 19824, 19825, 19826, 19827, 19828, 19829, 19830, 19831, 19832, 19833, 19834, 19835, 19836, 19837, 19838, 19839, 19840 ]

[ "", "Poster from U.S. Office of War Information. Domestic Operations Branch. News Bureau, 1943" ]

[ 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Elie_Lescot_portrait.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/HON._ELIE_LESOCT_-_PRESIDENT_OF_HAITI_-_NARA_-_535686.jpg" ]

[ "Antoine Louis Léocardie Élie Lescot (December 9, 1883 – October 20, 1974) was the President of Haiti from May 15, 1941 to January 11, 1946. He was a member of the country's mixed-race elite. He used the political climate of World War II to sustain his power and ties to the United States, Haiti's powerful northern neighbor. His administration presided over a period of economic downturn and harsh political repression of dissidents.", "Lescot was born in Saint-Louis-du-Nord to a middle-class mixed-race family, descended from free persons of color in the colonial era. He traveled to Port-au-Prince to study pharmacy after completing his secondary education in Cap-Haïtien. He settled in Port-de-Paix to work in the export-import business.\nAfter his first wife died in 1911, Lescot entered politics. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies two years later. After a four-year stay in France during the United States occupation of Haiti (1915 to 1934), he returned and held posts in the Louis Borno and Sténio Vincent administrations. Four years later he was named ambassador to the neighboring Dominican Republic, where he forged an alliance with President Rafael Trujillo. He moved to Washington, D.C., after being appointed as ambassador to the United States.", "His close political and economic ties to the United States helped lay the groundwork for his ascendancy to Haiti's presidency, and he received the State Department's tacit backing for his campaign to succeed Sténio Vincent in 1941. Prominent members of the Chamber of Deputies opposed his candidacy, arguing Haiti needed a black president from a majority African ancestry. Taking the advantage of Trujillo's influence, Lescot was said to buy his way into power. He won 56 out of 58 votes cast by legislators. Deputy Max Hudicourt claimed the margin of victory was due to intimidation and beatings of legislators.\nLescot quickly moved to consolidate his control over the state apparatus, naming himself head of the Military Guard and appointing a clique of white and mixed-race members of the elite to major government posts, including his own sons. This action earned him great disdain among Haiti's large majority of ethnic Africans.\nAfter the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Lescot declared war on the Axis Powers and pledged all necessary support to the Allied war effort. His government offered refuge to European Jews on Haitian soil in cooperation with Trujillo. In 1942 Lescot claimed the war required the suspension of the constitution and had the parliament give him unlimited executive powers. Political opponents were subject to physical harassment and surveillance by security forces.", "As an Axis blockade cut off rubber supplies from the East, Lescot's administration began an ambitious program, in cooperation with the United States, to expand wartime production of rubber in the Haitian countryside. The Export-Import Bank in Washington granted $5 million in 1941 for the development of rubber plants in Haiti. The program was called the Société Haïtiano-Américane de Développement Agricole (SHADA) and managed by American agronomist Thomas Fennell.\nSHADA began production in 1941 with the provision of ample military support per contract with the US government. By 1943, an estimated 47,177 acres (190.92 km²) were cleared for the planting of cryptostegia vine, which was considered to yield high amounts of latex. The program eventually claimed over 100,000 hectares of land. Farmers in Haiti's northern countryside were lured from food crop cultivation to meet increasing demand for rubber.\nLescot energetically campaigned on SHADA's behalf, arguing the program would modernize Haitian agriculture. The United States also promoted the project with a robust public relations campaign. Peasant families were forcibly removed from Haiti's most arable tracts of land. After nearly a million fruit-bearing trees in Jérémie were cut down and peasant houses invaded or razed, the Haitian Minister of Agriculture, Maurice Dartigue, wrote to Fennell asking him to respect \"the mentality and legitimate interests of the Haitian peasant and city-dwellers.\"\nBut yields did not meet expectations, and insufficient amounts of rubber were produced to generate significant exports. Droughts contributed to poor harvests.\n\"The worst thing that can be said of SHADA is that they are doing [their operations] at considerable expense to the American taxpayer and in a manner that does not command the respect of the Haitian people\", concluded a survey by the US military. The US government offered $175,000 as compensation to displaced peasants after recommending the program's cancellation.\nLescot feared SHADA's termination would add the burden of higher unemployment (at its height it employed over 90,000 people) to a sinking economy and hurt his public image. He asked the Rubber Development Corporation to extend its closing of the program gradually until the end of the war, but was refused.", "With his government near bankruptcy and struggling with a flagging economy, Lescot pleaded unsuccessfully with the United States for an extension on debt repayments. Relations between Lescot and Trujillo in the Dominican Republic broke down. In Haiti he expanded the corps of the Military Guard, including a core of light-skinned commanding officers. A system of rural police chiefs, known as chefs de section, ruled by force and intimidation. In 1944 low-ranking black soldiers plotting rebellion were caught, and seven of them were executed without court-martial.\nThat same year Lescot extended his presidential term from five years to seven. By 1946, his attempts to muzzle the opposition press sparked fierce student demonstrations; a revolt broke out in Port-au-Prince. Black-empowerment noirists, Marxists, and populist leaders joined forces in opposition. Crowds protested outside the National Palace, workers went on strike, and the homes of authorities were ransacked. Lescot's mulatto-dominated government was highly resented by Haiti's predominantly black military Garde.\nLescot tried to order the Military Guard to break up the demonstrations, but was rebuffed. Convinced their lives were in danger, Lescot and his cabinet fled into exile. A three-person military junta took power in his place and pledged to organize elections. In the immediate aftermath of Lescot's exile, an independent radio and print press flourished and long-repressed dissident groups expressed optimism about Haiti's future. Dumarsais Estimé eventually succeeded Lescot as head of the republic, becoming Haiti's first black president since the US occupation.", "\"Showgirl Daughter of Ex-President\". Vol. 5, no. 9. Johnson Publishing Company. Jet. March 18, 1954. Retrieved 7 July 2015.\nJohn Pike. \"Haiti - 1941-1946 - Elie Lescot\". Retrieved 21 December 2014.\nMatthew J. Smith (December 2004). \"VIVE 1804!: The Haitian Revolution and the Revolutionary Generation of 1946\". Caribbean Quarterly. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 50 (4): 25–41. doi:10.1080/00086495.2004.11672248. JSTOR 40654477. S2CID 151106144.\nSmith, Matthew J. Red & Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934–1957. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.\nHaiti: HAITIAN RUBBER TIMELINE. Retrieved August 10, 2010." ]

[ "Élie Lescot", "Early life", "Wartime election", "Failed rubber cultivation program", "Decline and exile", "References" ]

[ 4308, 4309 ]

[ 19841, 19842, 19843, 19844, 19845, 19846, 19847, 19848, 19849, 19850, 19851, 19852, 19853, 19854, 19855 ]

[ "Metchnikoff in his laboratory, 1913", "Leo Tolstoy (left) and Metchnikoff", "Metchnikoff, c.1910–1915", "Portrait of Metchnikoff" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Professeur_Metchnikoff%2C_portrait_du_scientifique_dans_un_laboratoire_de_recherche.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Leo_Tolstoy_%26_Ilya_Mechnikov.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Elie_Metchnikoff_-_Between_ca._1910_and_ca._1915_-_LOC.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/I._Mechnikov_by_Nik._Dm._Kuznetsov_%28GIM%29.jpg" ]

[ "Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (Russian: Илья Ильич Мечников; 15 May [O.S. 3 May] 1845 – 15 July 1916), also spelled Élie Metchnikoff, was a Russian-French zoologist best known for his pioneering research in immunology. He and Paul Ehrlich were jointly awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine \"in recognition of their work on immunity\". \nMechnikov was born in modern-day Ukraine to a Romanian noble father and a Ukrainian-Jewish mother, lived and worked for many years on the territory of what was then the Russian Empire, and later on continued his career in France. Given this complex heritage, four different nations and peoples justifiably lay claim to Metchnikoff. Despite having a mother of Jewish origin, he was baptized Russian Orthodox, although he later became an atheist.\nHonoured as the \"father of innate immunity\", Metchnikoff was the first to discover a process of immunity called phagocytosis and the cell responsible for it, called phagocyte, specifically macrophage, in 1882. This discovery turned out to be the major defence mechanism in innate immunity, as well as the foundation of the concept of cell-mediated immunity, while Ehrlich established the concept of humoral immunity to complete the principles of immune system. Their works are regarded as the foundation of the science of immunology.\nMetchnikoff developed one of the earliest concepts in ageing, and advocated the use of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) for healthy and long life. This became the concept of probiotics in medicine. Mechnikov is also credited with coining the term gerontology in 1903, for the emerging study of aging and longevity. In this regard, Ilya Mechnikov is called the \"father of gerontology\" (although, as often happens in science, the situation is ambiguous, and the same title is sometimes applied to some other people who contributed to aging research later).\nSupporters of life extension celebrate 15 May as Metchnikoff Day, and used it as a memorable date for organizing activities.", "Metchnikoff was born in the village of Ivanovka, Kharkov Governorate, in the Russian Empire, now located in Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine. He was the youngest of five children of Ilya Ivanovich Mechnikov, an officer of the Imperial Guard. His mother, Emilia Lvovna (Nevakhovich), the daughter of the writer Leo Nevakhovich, largely influenced him on his education, especially in science. The Nevakhovich family was Jewish.The family name Mechnikov is a translation from Romanian, since his father was a descendant of the Chancellor Yuri Stefanovich, the grandson of Nicolae Milescu Spătaru. The word \"mech\" is a Russian translation of the Romanian \"spadă\" (sword), which originated with Spătar (Sword-bearer). His elder brother Lev became a prominent geographer and sociologist.\nIn 1856, Metchnikoff entered the Kharkov Lycée, where he developed his interest in biology. Convinced by his mother to study natural sciences instead of medicine, in 1862 he tried to study biology at the University of Würzburg, but the German academic session would not start by the end of the year. Metchnikoff thus enrolled at Kharkov Imperial University for natural sciences, completing his four-year degree in two years.\nIn 1864, he traveled to Germany to study marine fauna on the small North Sea island of Heligoland. He was advised by the botanist Ferdinand Cohn to work with Rudolf Leuckart at the University of Giessen. It was in Leuckart's laboratory that he made his first scientific discovery of alternation of generations (sexual and asexual) in nematodes and then at the University of Munich. In 1865, while at Giessen, he discovered intracellular digestion in flatworm, and this study influenced his later works. Moving to Naples the next year he worked on a doctoral thesis on the embryonic development of the cuttle-fish Sepiola and the crustacean Nebalia. A cholera epidemic in the autumn of 1865 made him move to the University of Göttingen, where he worked briefly with W. M. Keferstein and Jakob Henle.\nIn 1867, he returned to Russia to receive his doctorate with Alexander Kovalevsky from the University of Saint Petersburg. Together they won the Karl Ernst von Baer prize for their theses on the development of germ layers in invertebrate embryos.", "Metchnikoff was appointed docent at the newly established Imperial Novorossiya University (now Odessa University). Only twenty-two years of age, he was younger than his students. After being involved in a conflict with a senior colleague over attending scientific meetings, he transferred to the University of Saint Petersburg in 1868, where he experienced a worse professional environment. In 1870 he returned to Odessa to take up the appointment of Titular Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy.\nIn 1882 he resigned from Odessa University due to political turmoils after the assassination of Alexander II. He went to Sicily to set up his private laboratory in Messina. He returned to Odessa as director of an institute set up to carry out Louis Pasteur's vaccine against rabies; due to some difficulties, he left in 1888 and went to Paris to seek Pasteur's advice. Pasteur gave him an appointment at the Pasteur Institute, where he remained for the rest of his life.\nMetchnikoff became interested in the study of microbes, and especially the immune system. At Messina he discovered phagocytosis after experimenting on the larvae of starfish. In 1882 he first demonstrated the process when he inserted small citrus thorns into starfish larvae, then found unusual cells surrounding the thorns. He realized that in animals which have blood, the white blood cells gather at the site of inflammation, and he hypothesised that this could be the process by which bacteria were attacked and killed by the white blood cells. He discussed his hypothesis with Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus, Professor of Zoology at the University of Vienna, who suggested to him the term \"phagocyte\" for a cell which can surround and kill pathogens. He delivered his findings at Odessa University in 1883.\nHis theory, that certain white blood cells could engulf and destroy harmful bodies such as bacteria, met with scepticism from leading specialists including Louis Pasteur, Emil von Behring, and others. At the time, most bacteriologists believed that white blood cells ingested pathogens and then spread them further through the body. His major supporter was Rudolf Virchow, who published his research in his Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin (now called the Virchows Archiv). His discovery of these phagocytes ultimately won him the Nobel Prize in 1908. He worked with Émile Roux on calomel (mercurous chloride) in ointment form in an attempt to prevent people from contracting the sexually transmitted disease syphilis.\nIn 1887, he observed that leukocytes isolated from the blood of various animals were attracted towards certain bacteria. The first studies of leukocyte killing in the presence of specific antiserum were performed by Joseph Denys and Joseph Leclef, followed by Leon Marchand and Mennes between 1895 and 1898. Almoth E. Wright was the first to quantify this phenomenon and strongly advocated its potential therapeutic importance. The so-called resolution of the humoralist and cellularist positions by showing their respective roles in the setting of enhanced killing in the presence of opsonins was popularized by Wright after 1903, although Metchnikoff acknowledged the stimulatory capacity of immunosentisitized serum on phagotic function in the case of acquired immunity.\nThis attraction was soon proposed to be due to soluble elements released by the bacteria (see Harris for a review of this area up to 1953). Some 85 years after this seminal observation, laboratory studies showed that these elements were low molecular weight (between 150 and 1500 Dalton (unit)s) N-formylated oligopeptides, including the most prominent member of this group, N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine, that are made by a variety of replicating gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. Metchnikoff's early observation, then, was the foundation for studies that defined a critical mechanism by which bacteria attract leukocytes to initiate and direct the innate immune response of acute inflammation to sites of host invasion by pathogens.\nMetchnikoff also self-experimented with cholera that initially supported the probiotic notion. During the 1892 cholera epidemic in France, he was surprised by the fact that the disease affected only some people but not others when they were equally exposed to the infection. To understand the differences in susceptibility to the disease, he drank a sample of cholera but never got sick. He tested on two volunteers of which one was not affected while the other almost died. He hypothesised that the difference in cholera infection was due to differences in intestinal microbes, speculating that those who have plenty of beneficial ones would be healthier.\nThe issues of aging occupied a significant place in Metchnikoff's works. Metchnikoff developed a theory that aging is caused by toxic bacteria in the gut and that lactic acid could prolong life. He attributed the longevity of Bulgarian peasants to their yogurt consumption that contained what was called the Bulgarian bacteria (now called Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus). To validate his theory, he drank sour milk every day throughout his life. His scientific reasonings on the subject were written in his books The Nature of Man: Studies in Optimistic Philosophy (1903) and more expressively in The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies (1907). He also espoused the potential life-lengthening properties of lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. This concept of probiotics, which he termed \"orthobiosis,\" was influential in his lifetime, but became ignored until the mid-1990s when experimental evidence emerged.", "Metchnikoff won the Karl Ernst von Baer prize in 1867 with Alexander Kovalevsky based on their doctoral research. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908 with Paul Ehrlich . He was awarded honorary degree from the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, UK, and the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1906. He was given honorary memberships in the Academy of Medicine in Paris and the Academy of Sciences and Medicine in Saint Petersburg. The Leningrad Medical Institute of Hygiene and Sanitation, founded in 1911 was merged with Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Studies in 2011 to become the North-Western State Medical University, named after Metchnikoff. The Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University is in Odessa, Ukraine.", "Metchnikoff married his first wife, Ludmila Feodorovitch, in 1869. She died from tuberculosis on 20 April 1873. Her death, combined with other problems, caused Metchnikoff to attempt suicide, taking a large dose of opium. In 1875, he married his student Olga Belokopytova. In 1885 Olga suffered from severe typhoid and this led to his second suicide attempt. He injected himself with the spirochete of relapsing fever. (Olga died in 1944 in Paris from typhoid.)\nDespite being baptized in the Russian Orthodox Church, Metchnikoff was an atheist.\nHe was greatly influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. He first read Fritz Müller's Für Darwin (For Darwin) in Giessen. From this he became a supporter of natural selection and Ernst Haeckel's biogenetic law. His scientific works and theories were inspired by Darwinism.\nMetchnikoff died in 1916 in Paris from heart failure. According to his will, his body was used for medical research and afterwards cremated in Père Lachaise Cemetery crematorium. His cinerary urn has been placed in the Pasteur Institute library.", "Metchnikoff wrote notable books and papers, including:\nLeçons sur la pathologie comparée de l’inflammation (1892; Lectures on the Comparative Pathology of Inflammation)\nL’Immunité dans les maladies infectieuses (1901; Immunity in Infectious Diseases)\nÉtudes sur la nature humaine (1903; The Nature of Man)\nImmunity in Infective Diseases (1905)\nThe New Hygiene: Three Lectures on the Prevention of Infectious Diseases (1906)\nThe Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies (1907)\n\"Этюды оптимизма\" [Etudes of Optimism]. Научного слова [Scientific Word] (2nd ed.). Moscow. 1909.\n\"Этюды о природе человека\" [Etudes About Human Nature]. Научного слова [Scientific Word] (4th ed.). Moscow. 1913 – via psychlib.ru.\n\"Основатели современной медицины. Пастер — Листер — Кох\" [The Founders of Modern Medicine: Pasteur - Lister - Koch]. Научного слова. Moscow. 1915 – via dlib.rsl.ru.", "Some sources give Metchnikoff's new-style birth date as 16 May, but this is believed by the Nobel Prize Committee to be an error stated by Metchnikoff himself in converting a nineteenth century date from old-style to new-style.", "\"Ilya Mechnikov: Biographical\". Nobel Prizes. Retrieved 14 May 2019.\nÉlie Metchnikoff at the Encyclopædia Britannica\nMetchnikoff, Elie (Encyclopedia. Oxford University Press)\nBelkin, R.I. (1964). \"Commentary,\" in I.I. Mechnikov, Academic Collection of Works, vol. 16. Moscow: Meditsina. p. 434. Belkin, a Russian science historian, explains why Metchnikoff himself, in his Nobel autobiography – and subsequently, many other sources – mistakenly cited his date of birth as 16 May instead of 15 May. Metchnikoff made the mistake of adding 13 days to 3 May, his Old Style birthday, as was the convention in the 20th century. But since he had been born in the 19th century, only 12 days should have been added.\nVikhanski, Luba (2016). Immunity: How Elie Metchnikoff Changed the Course of Modern Medicine. Chicago Review Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-1613731109. The author cites Metchnikoff's death certificate, according to which he died on July 15, 1916 (the original is in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Metchnikoff Fund, 584-2-208). Olga Metchnikoff did not provide a precise date for her husband's death in her book, and many sources erroneously cite it as July 16.\n\"Ilya Mechnikov – Biographical\". nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 16 March 2015.\n\"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908\". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 16 March 2015.\nKurlansky, Mark (5 September 2019). Milk: A 10,000-Year History. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1526614353. Retrieved 8 May 2020.\nStambler, Ilia (13 December 2020). \"Ilya Mechnikov — the founder of Gerontology\" (PDF). The East Europe Journal of Internal and Family Medicine. Kharkov. 2B (14): 29–30. doi:10.15407/internalmed2020.02b.029.\nGordon, Siamon (2008). \"Elie Metchnikoff: father of natural immunity\". European Journal of Immunology. 38 (12): 3257–3264. doi:10.1002/eji.200838855. PMID 19039772.\nGordon, Siamon (2016). \"Elie Metchnikoff, the Man and the Myth\". Journal of Innate Immunity. 8 (3): 223–227. doi:10.1159/000443331. PMC 6738810. PMID 26836137.\n\"Élie Metchnikoff\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 16 March 2015.\nKaufmann, Stefan H E (2008). \"Immunology's foundation: the 100-year anniversary of the Nobel Prize to Paul Ehrlich and Elie Metchnikoff\". Nature Immunology. 9 (7): 705–712. doi:10.1038/ni0708-705. PMID 18563076. S2CID 205359637.\nMackowiak, Philip A. (2013). \"Recycling metchnikoff: probiotics, the intestinal microbiome and the quest for long life\". Frontiers in Public Health. 1: 52. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2013.00052. PMC 3859987. PMID 24350221.\nVértes, L (1985). \"The gerontologist Mechnikov\". Orvosi Hetilap. 126 (30): 1859–1860. PMID 3895124.\nMartin, D. J.; Gillen, L. L. (2013). \"Revisiting Gerontology's Scrapbook: From Metchnikoff to the Spectrum Model of Aging\". The Gerontologist. 54 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1093/geront/gnt073. PMID 23893558.\nVikhanski, L. (1 November 2016). \"Elie Metchnikoff Rediscovered: Comeback of a Founding Father of Gerontology\". The Gerontologist. 56 (Suppl_3): 181. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw162.708.\nStambler, Ilia (29 August 2014). \"\"Father\" Metchnikoff\". A History of Life-Extensionism in the Twentieth Century. Longevity History. p. 540. ISBN 978-1500818579.\nStambler, Ilia; Milova, Elena (2019), \"Longevity Activism\", in Gu, Danan; Dupre, Matthew E. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–7, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_395-1, ISBN 978-3-319-69892-2, S2CID 239107136, retrieved 13 May 2021\n\"Metchnikoff Day, an Opportunity to Promote the Study of Aging and Longevity\". Fight Aging!. 15 April 2015.\n\"Metchnikoff, Elie\". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Retrieved 16 March 2015.\nMetchnikoff, Olga (1921). Life of Elie Metchnikoff, 1845-1916. Houghton Mifflin Company – via gutenberg.org. and also here at archive.org\nWhite, James D (1976). \"Despotism and Anarchy: The Sociological Thought of L. I. Mechnikov\". The Slavonic and East European Review. 54 (3): 395–411. JSTOR 4207300.\nWorms, Werner (1940). \"Prophylaxis of Syphilis by Locally Applied Chemicals. Methods of Examination, Results, and Suggestions for Further Experimental Research\". British Journal of Venereal Diseases. 16 (3–4): 186–210. doi:10.1136/sti.16.3-4.186. PMC 1053233. PMID 21773301.\nMetchnikoff E (1887). \"Sur la lutte des cellules de l'organisme contre l'invasion des microbes\". Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. 1: 321.\nTauber& Cherniak (1991). Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology: From Metaphor to Theory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 155. ISBN 0-19-506447-X.\nGrawitz P (1887). \"unknown title\". Virchows Adz. IIO. I.\nHarris H (July 1954). \"Role of chemotaxis in inflammation\". Physiological Reviews. 34 (3): 529–62. doi:10.1152/physrev.1954.34.3.529. PMID 13185754.\nWard PA, Lepow IH, Newman LJ (April 1968). \"Bacterial factors chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes\". The American Journal of Pathology. 52 (4): 725–36. PMC 2013377. PMID 4384494.\nJ Exp Med. 1976 May 1;143(5):1154–69\nJ Immunol. 1974 Jun;112(6):2055–62\nSchiffmann E, Showell HV, Corcoran BA, Ward PA, Smith E, Becker EL (June 1975). \"The isolation and partial characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factors from Escherichia coli\". Journal of Immunology. 114 (6): 1831–7. PMID 165239.\nLewis, Danny (7 May 2015). \"Probiotics Exist Thanks to a Man Who Drank Cholera\". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 21 June 2022.\nElena Milova (12 May 2017). \"Commemorating the Work of Dr. Elie Metchnikoff\". Lifespan.io.\nBrown, AC; Valiere, A (2004). \"Probiotics and medical nutrition therapy\". Nutrition in Clinical Care. 7 (2): 56–68. PMC 1482314. PMID 15481739.\nPodolsky, Scott H (2012). \"Metchnikoff and the microbiome\". The Lancet. 380 (9856): 1810–1811. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62018-2. PMID 23189332. S2CID 13290396.\nMackowiak, Philip A. (2013). \"Recycling Metchnikoff: Probiotics, the Intestinal Microbiome and the Quest for Long Life\". Frontiers in Public Health. 1: 52. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2013.00052. PMC 3859987. PMID 24350221.\nGasbarrini, Giovanni; Bonvicini, Fiorenza; Gramenzi, Annagiulia (2016). \"Probiotics History\". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 50 Suppl 2: S116–S119. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000697. PMID 27741152.\n\"Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (Elie Metchnikoff) (1845–1916)\". The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16 March 2015.\n\"North-Western State Medical University I.I. Mechnikov\". FAIMER. Retrieved 17 March 2015.\n\"North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov\". North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. Retrieved 17 March 2015.\n\"Odessa I.I. Mechnikov national university\". Odessa I.I. Mechnikov national university. Retrieved 17 March 2015.\nGordon, Siamon (2008). \"Elie Metchnikoff: Father of natural immunity\". European Journal of Immunology. 38 (12): 3257–3264. doi:10.1002/eji.200838855. PMID 19039772. S2CID 658489.\nTauber, Alfred I.; Chernyak, Leon (1991). Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology: From Metaphor to Theory: From Metaphor to Theory. New York (US): Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-1953451-00. There is no clear record that he was professionally restricted in Russia because of his lineage, but he sympathized with the problem his Jewish colleagues suffered owing to Russian anti-Semitism; his personal religious commitment was to atheism, although he received strict Christian religious training at home. Metchnikoff's atheism smacked of religious fervor in the embrace of rationalism and science. We may fairly argue that Metchnikoff's religion was based on the belief that rational scientific discourse was the solution for human suffering.\nThomas F., Glick (1988). The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-226-29977-8.\nGoldstein, B. I. (21 July 1916). \"Elie Metchnikoff\". Canadian Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 17 November 2012.\n\"Мечников Илья Ильич (1845-1916)\" [Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich (1845-1916)]. m-necropol.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 26 May 2021.", "Breathnach, C S (September 1984). \"Biographical sketches—No. 44. Metchnikoff\". Irish Medical Journal. Ireland. 77 (9): 303. ISSN 0332-3102. PMID 6384135.\nde Kruif, Paul (1996). Microbe Hunters (Reprint ed.). San Diego: A Harvest Book; Harcourt. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-15602-777-9.\nde Kruif, Paul (1926). \"VII Metchnikoff: The Nice Phagocytes\". Microbe Hunters. Blue Ribbon Books. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company Inc. pp. 207–233. Retrieved 14 October 2020.\nDeutsch, Ronald M. (1977). The new nuts among the berries. Palo Alto, CA: Bull Pub. Co. ISBN 0-915950-08-1.\nFokin, Sergei I. (2008). Russian scientists at the Naples zoological station, 1874–1934. Napoli: Giannini. ISBN 978-8-8743-1404-1.\nGourko, Helena; Williamson, Donald I.; Tauber, Alfred I. (2000). The Evolutionary Biology Papers of Elie Metchnikoff. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-94-015-9381-6.\nKarnovsky, M L (May 1981). \"Metchnikoff in Messina: a century of studies on phagocytosis\". N. Engl. J. Med. United States. 304 (19): 1178–80. doi:10.1056/NEJM198105073041923. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 7012622.\nLavrova, L N (September 1970). \"[I. I. Mechnikov and the significance of his legacy for the development of Soviet science (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]\". Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol. USSR. 47 (9): 3–5. ISSN 0372-9311. PMID 4932822.\nSchmalstieg Frank C, Goldman Armond S (2008). \"Ilya Ilich Metchnikoff (1845–1915) and Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) The centennial of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine\". Journal of Medical Biography. 16 (2): 96–103. doi:10.1258/jmb.2008.008006. PMID 18463079. S2CID 25063709.\nTauber AI (2003). \"Metchnikoff and the phagocytosis theory\". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 4 (11): 897–901. doi:10.1038/nrm1244. PMID 14625539. S2CID 4571282.\nTauber, Alfred I.; Chernyak, Leon (1991). Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology: From Metaphor to Theory. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-534510-0.\nZalkind, Semyon (2001) [1957]. Ilya Mechnikov: His Life and Work. The Minerva Group, Inc. ISBN 0-89875-622-7.", "The Romantic Rationalist: A Study Of Elie Metchnikoff\nWorks of Elie Metchnikoff, a Pasteur Institute bibliography\nBooks written by I.I.Mechnikov (In Russian)\nLactobacillus bulgaricus on the web\nTsalyk St. Immunity defender\nImmunity in Infective Diseases (1905) by Élie Metchnikoff, translated by Francis B. Binny, on the Internet Archive\nThe Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies (1908) by Élie Metchnikoff, translation edited by P. Chalmers Mitchell, on the Internet Archive\nLuba Vikhanski's page for Metchnikoff's documentary\nMechnikov Ilya, 1845 - 1916, Year won 1908, A pioneer researcher of immunity on the ANU - Museum of the Jewish People\nIlya Mechnikov on Nobelprize.org" ]

[ "Élie Metchnikoff", "Early life, family and education", "Career and achievements", "Awards and recognitions", "Personal life and views", "Publications", "Explanatory notes", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

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[ "Okobo with ASVEL in 2021", "Okobo with Élan Béarnais in 2017" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Elie_Okobo_ASVEL_%28cropped%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Elie_Okobo.jpg" ]

[ "Élie-Franck Okobo (born October 23, 1997) is a French professional basketball player for AS Monaco Basket of the LNB Pro A and the EuroLeague. A 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) tall combo guard, the Bordeaux native began his club career at age 16. Okobo subsequently competed for the youth team of Élan Béarnais Pau-Lacq-Orthez, reaching the LNB Espoirs title game in 2016. In the 2016–17 season, he assumed a greater role with the senior team, and in the following year, he became a regular starter.\nOkobo has represented France at international competition on multiple occasions. He was a key player for the under-20 team at the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, which he took part in twice, winning a bronze medal in 2017. Okobo has also suited up for the senior national team at FIBA World Cup qualification. He has been considered one of the top international prospects, and at one point was considered a potential first-round selection, for the 2018 NBA draft. However, he was taken as the 31st overall pick in the second round by the Phoenix Suns that year.", "Okobo was born in Bordeaux, France to a Congolese father and French mother. He has one sister and two brothers: his older brother plays handball and competes in track and field, while his younger brother also plays basketball. In addition, Okobo's father has basketball experience as well. \nAt age 16, Okobo joined JSA Bordeaux Basket of the Nationale Masculine 1 (NM1), the amateur level third-tier division of French basketball. He made his senior men's club debut on February 8, 2014, shooting 0-of-1 from the field in one minute of playing time against Basket Club Montbrison. He scored his only points of the season, on March 8 versus JA Vichy-Clermont Métropole, with 2 points. In four contests, he averaged 0.5 points and 0.3 steals per game, in 2.2 minutes per game.\nIn the 2014–15 season, Okobo began playing for Espoirs Pau-Lacq-Orthez in the LNB Espoirs youth league. In his debut on September 20, 2014, he chipped in 23 points and 4 steals as his team lost to Espoirs Châlons-Reims. On December 23, he scored a season-high 24 points, shooting 6-of-7 from the three-point line, in a 79–78 win over Espoirs Nancy. After 29 games, Okobo averaged 9.8 points, 3.0 rebounds, 1.9 assists, and 1.2 steals per game.", "", "", "On June 13, 2016, Okobo signed a three-year contract with Élan Béarnais Pau-Lacq-Orthez of the LNB Pro A, the highest professional division of France. Through the 2015–16 season, he primarily played with Espoirs Pau-Lacq-Orthez in the youth league, seeing limited minutes for the senior team in the Pro A. On October 6, 2016, Okobo opened his second LNB Espoirs campaign by recording 17 points, 5 rebounds, and 8 assists in a 102–56 victory against Espoirs Monaco. He made his Pro A debut for Pau-Orthez on October 24, 2015, grabbing one rebound in a minute versus Paris-Levallois. On March 25, 2016, Okobo erupted for 34 points and 10 rebounds, both season-bests, in a youth league win over Espoirs Le Havre. In the following week against AS Monaco Basket, he scored 5 points—his first and only of the Pro A season. By the end of the season, Espoirs Pau-Lacq-Orthez had the best record in its league, at 29–5, but lost in the championship game to Espoirs Paris-Levallois. In the youth league season, Okobo averaged 15.5 points, 4.4 rebounds, 3.2 assists, and 2.2 steals per game.", "In the 2016–17 season, Okobo played sparingly in LNB Espoirs, instead receiving significant minutes off the bench for Pau-Orthez in the Pro A. On September 24, 2016, he made his season debut in the Pro A, recording 5 points, 2 rebounds, and 2 assists against Cholet Basket. In his second appearance of the LNB Espoirs season, Okobo posted a double-double of 21 points and 12 rebounds on October 15 versus Espoirs Gravelines-Dunkerque. On October 25, he debuted in the FIBA Europe Cup, the fourth-tier inter-continental European competition, notching 6 points and 2 rebounds in a win over Tartu. Later in the week, Okobo had another double-double in the LNB Espoirs, adding 18 points and 13 assists, along with 6 rebounds, against Espoirs Orleans. On November 28, he scored 11 points in a 96–76 loss for his first career double-digit scoring effort in the Pro A. \nOkobo recorded a season-high 20 points, 6 rebounds, 10 assists, and 1 turnover in a 101–66 victory over JIP Pardubice in the second round of the FIBA Europe Cup on December 13. He had another notable performance on January 24, 2017 against Alba Fehérvár, scoring 10 points and hitting a game-winning three-pointer with under 10 seconds left to send his team to the FIBA Europe Cup Round of 16. He scored 8 points in the fourth quarter alone, with starting point guard D. J. Cooper being ejected in the final minutes of the game. On February 5, 2017, Okobo scored a season-best 15 points, with 5 rebounds and 4 assists, in a Pro A win over Élan Chalon. He closed the season averaging 4.6 points, 2.1 rebounds, and 1.5 assists per game in the Pro A, and 8.2 points, 3.3 rebounds, and 2.1 assists per game in the FIBA Europe Cup. Okobo was the runner-up for the LNB Pro A Best Young Player award, which was won by Frank Ntilikina of SIG Strasbourg.", "In his first game of the 2017–18 season, Okobo made his starting lineup debut in the Pro A on September 23, 2017, chipping in 14 points and 8 assists to help defeat Élan Chalon. On October 7, he led all scorers with 21 points and 3 steals against HTV Basket. Okobo had another notable performance on December 10, posting a team-high 23 points in a win over Levallois Metropolitans. He once again eclipsed the 20-point barrier on February 3, 2018 versus ASVEL Basket, scoring 24 points to lead Pau-Orthez to victory.\nOn February 10, Okobo scored a career-high 30 points, along with 8 assists and 4 rebounds, in a 105–93 win over Élan Chalon. The performance earned him Player of the Week honors from the website Eurobasket.com. He announced plans to enter the 2018 NBA draft on April 11, saying, \"I'm progressing every day and I see how I'm continuing to improve. I am very happy with the training I have received at Pau-Lacq-Orthez, and I know I will improve even more with NBA conditions and NBA training.\" At the time, ESPN considered him to be a possible first-round selection, and three weeks later, analyst David Aldridge projected him as a late first-round or early second-round prospect. With Pau-Orthez, Okobo reached the playoffs as the eight-seed. On May 23, during Game 1 of the series against first-seeded Monaco, Okobo scored a career-high 44 points in a 99–97 loss. That game would help Okobo's draft stock rise from a likely second round pick to a potential mid-first round selection. At the June 11 international draft day deadline, Okobo would be one of only 11 truly international prospects to remain in the 2018 NBA Draft. Okobo would later be taken as the 31st pick by the Phoenix Suns ten days later.", "On June 21, 2018, Okobo was drafted with the 31st pick in the 2018 NBA draft by the Phoenix Suns. It was around this time that the franchise's general manager, Ryan McDonough, mentioned that Okobo would be playing with the official, 15-man roster for the team this season. Three days after the draft, it was reported the Okobo would agree to a four-year deal worth $6 million, with his third and fourth years being team options. Okobo would then be announced as a player for the Suns' 2018 NBA Summer League squad. He would officially sign the aforementioned deal on July 6. In his NBA debut on October 17, Okobo recorded two points and an assist in a 121–100 win over the Mavericks. On October 28, Okobo recorded 18 points, 5 rebounds and 7 assists in a 117–110 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. Three days later, Okobo made his first start in the NBA, recording eight points, four rebounds, and five assists in 28 minutes of action in a 120–90 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. On November 13, 2018, Okobo was assigned to the Northern Arizona Suns, playing for the team the same night in a loss against the Santa Cruz Warriors, and continued to play with both Phoenix and Northern Arizona throughout 2018. His highest scoring game in his rookie season occurred on November 28, scoring 19 points in a 115–99 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers. On February 2, 2019, Okobo recorded a season-high 11 assists in a 118–112 loss against the Atlanta Hawks. Okobo was later assigned to Northern Arizona once again on March 14, returning to Phoenix just a day later. He was waived by the Suns on November 25, 2020.\nOn December 16, 2020, Okobo was signed by the Brooklyn Nets. He was waived at the conclusion of training camp.", "On January 27, 2021, Okobo was included in the roster of the Long Island Nets. Over 14 games with Long Island Nets, he averaged 8.9 points, 5 assists and 3.4 rebounds per game.", "On July 10, 2021, Okobo signed a one year deal with French powerhouse ASVEL of the LNB Pro A and the EuroLeague. On February 2, 2022, he was ruled out for six weeks after undergoing surgery on a shoulder cyst.\nOkobo helped ASVEL win its 21st LNB Pro A championship and was named the Finals MVP, after helping the team defeat Monaco 3–2 in the league Finals. He scored 20 points, 7 rebounds and 9 assists in the decisive Game 5 overtime win.", "On July 15, 2022, he has signed with AS Monaco of the LNB Pro A.", "Okobo was a member of the French under-20 national basketball team, making his first international appearance at the 2016 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship in Finland. He had his best performance of the event on July 23, 2017, notching 23 points, 7 rebounds, and 4 steals in a 74–60 victory over Finland. He was the third-leading scorer at the tournament, averaging 18.9 points, 3.9 rebounds, 1.6 assists, and 1.9 steals per game, shooting .429 from the three-point line. He also played with France's Under-20 junior national team, at the 2017 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, where he won a bronze medal. He averaged 12.3 points, 3.3 rebounds, and 4.0 assists per game at the tournament.", "", "", "", "", "\"Did Sean Marks divert his plane to France for a look at Elie Okobo?\". Nets Daily. March 18, 2018. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\nOkobo, Elie (January 20, 2018). Elie Okobo Interview (Video). Pau: DraftExpress.\n\"Pau-Lacq-Orthez youngster Okobo turning heads in FIBA Europe Cup\". FIBA. January 6, 2017. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.\n\"Feb 8, 2014 – BC Montbrison Masculins vs. JSA Bordeaux Basket\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.\n\"Mar 8, 2014 – JA Vichy vs. JSA Bordeaux Basket\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.\n\"Elie Okobo\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.\n\"Elie Okobo\". LNB Espoirs. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.\n\"Chalons-Reims – Pau-Lacq-Orthez 85–79\". LNB Espoirs. September 20, 2014. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.\n\"Nancy – Pau-Lacq-Orthez 78–79\". LNB Espoirs. December 23, 2014. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.\n\"Premier contrat pro pour Elie Okobo\". L'Équipe. June 14, 2016. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"Pau-Orthez signs Elie Okobo to a three-year contract\". Sportando. June 14, 2016. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.\n\"Elie Okobo Game Logs: 2015–2016\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"Elie Okobo\". LNB Espoirs. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"Monaco – Pau-Lacq-Orthez 56–102\". LNB Espoirs. October 6, 2015. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"Oct 24, 2015 – Pau-Orthez vs. Paris-Levallois Basket\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"Pau-Lacq-Orthez – Le Havre 100–57\". LNB Espoirs. March 25, 2016. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"Apr 4, 2016 – AS Monaco Basket vs. Pau-Orthez\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"Programme – Le Championnat Espoirs\". LNB Espoirs. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"Elie Okobo\". LNB Espoirs. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.\n\"Sep 24, 2016 – Cholet Basket vs. Pau-Orthez\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.\n\"Gravelines-Dunkerque – Pau-Lacq-Orthez 89–91\". LNB Espoirs. October 15, 2016. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.\n\"Oct 25, 2016 – Tartu Ulikool Rock vs. Pau-Orthez\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.\n\"Pau-Lacq-Orthez – Orleans 78–75\". LNB Espoirs. October 29, 2016. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.\n\"Nov 28, 2016 – Pau-Orthez vs. Chalon-Sur-Saone\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.\n\"Pau-Lacq-Orthez v BK Pardubice\". FIBA. Archived from the original on April 15, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.\n\"The week's big numbers: Chikoko can't miss, Gagic in record-state-of-mind\". FIBA. December 15, 2016. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.\n\"Okobo's game winner dagger for Pau-Lacq Orthez\". FIBA. January 25, 2017. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.\n\"Okobo's heroics in Hungary send Pau-Lacq-Orthez to Round of 16\". FIBA. January 24, 2017. Archived from the original on April 15, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.\n\"Feb 5, 2017 – Chalon-Sur-Saone vs. Pau-Orthez\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.\n\"DJ Cooper meilleur joueur de Pro A, Elie Okobo 2e meilleur espoir\". La République des Pyrénées (in French). May 18, 2017. Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.\n\"Sep 23, 2017 – Pau-Orthez vs. Chalon-Sur-Saone\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.\n\"l'Elan Béarnais corrige Hyères-Toulon\". La République des Pyrénées (in French). October 7, 2017. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.\n\"Pau se fait plaisir face à Levallois\" (in French). BasketActu. December 10, 2017. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.\nRutard, Sacha (February 3, 2018). \"Pau s'offre un exploit à l'ASVEL, Elie Okobo score 24 points\" (in French). Basket Europe. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.\n\"Feb 10, 2018 – Chalon-Sur-Saone vs. Pau-Orthez\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\n\"French ProA round 20 best performance: Elie-Franck Okobo\". Eurobasket.com. February 13, 2018. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.\nGivony, Jonathan (April 11, 2018). \"French guard Elie Okobo enters NBA draft\". ESPN. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.\nAldridge, David (April 2, 2018). \"No shortage of NBA-ready guard prospects in 2018 Draft class\". NBA. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.\n\"Alors que la Draft approche, Elie Okobo (44 points) frappe fort face à Monaco\". Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018.\n\"NBA draft: Suns add French guard Elie Okobo, Colorado guard George King in second round\". AZ Central. June 21, 2018. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2018.\nFitzgerald, Katherine (June 22, 2018). \"NBA draft: Suns add French guard Elie Okobo, Colorado guard George King in second round\". azcentral.com. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2018.\nHelin, Kurt (June 24, 2018). \"Suns to sign French point guard Elie Okobo to first-round style contract\". ProBasketballTalk. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.\n\"Suns Announce 2018 Summer League Roster\". NBA.com. July 1, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.\n\"Suns Sign Ayton, Bridges, Okobo, King\". NBA.com. July 6, 2018. Archived from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2018.\n\"Mavericks at Suns\". NBA.com. October 17, 2018. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2018.\n\"Suns' Elie Okobo: Leads team in scoring, assists off bench\". CBSSports.com. October 28, 2018. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.\n\"Suns' Elie Okobo: Solid in spot start\". CBSSports.com. October 31, 2018. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.\n\"Suns Assign Elie Okobo to Northern Arizona\". NBA.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.\n\"Suns' Near Perfect First Quarter Spoiled in End\". Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.\n\"NBA Games - All NBA matchups | NBA.com\". NBA.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019.\n\"Suns vs. Clippers - Box Score - November 28, 2018 - ESPN\". Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2019.\n\"Suns Assign Elie Okobo to Northern Arizona\". NBA.com. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2019.\n\"Suns Recall Elie Okobo from Northern Arizona\". NBA.com. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2019.\nRankin, Duane. \"Phoenix Suns $16 million over the salary cap after free agency moves, waive Elie Okobo\". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2020.\n\"Brooklyn Nets Sign Elie Okobo and Kaiser Gates\". NBA.com. December 16, 2020. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.\n\"Brooklyn Nets Waive Three Players\". NBA.com. December 19, 2020. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.\n\"Long Island Nets Announce 2021 Roster\". NBA.com. January 27, 2021. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.\n\"Elie Okobo joins ASVEL\". Sportando. July 10, 2021. Archived from the original on July 10, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.\n\"Asvel's Elie Okobo to miss time with injury\". Sportando. February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.\nMag, Lyon (June 26, 2022). \"Lyon Mag\". Lyon Mag (in French). Retrieved June 26, 2022.\n\"Le triplé pour Lyon-Villeurbanne !\". Betclic ELITE (in French). June 25, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2022.\nQuintard, Théo (June 25, 2022). \"« Un cœur énorme » : MVP des finales de Betclic ÉLITE, Elie Okobo a fini en beauté avec l'ASVEL\". Bebasket.fr (in French). Retrieved June 26, 2022.\n\"Elie Okobo officially signs with Monaco\". Sportando. July 15, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.\n\"Jul 23, 2016 – Finland vs. France\". RealGM. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.\n\"Elie-Franck Okobo\". FIBA. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.\n\"Elie-Franck OKOBO (FRA)\". Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2018.", "Career statistics and player information from NBA.com and Basketball-Reference.com\nElie Okobo at eurobasket.com\nÉlie Okobo at euroleague.net\nElie Okobo at fiba.com\nElie Okobo at lnb.fr (in French)\nÉlie Okobo on Instagram" ]

[ "Élie Okobo", "Early life and career", "Professional career", "Élan Béarnais (2015–present)", "Youth success (2015–16)", "Increased role (2016–17)", "Breakout season (2017–18)", "Phoenix Suns (2018–2020)", "Long Island Nets (2021)", "ASVEL (2021–2022)", "AS Monaco Basket (2022–present)", "National team career", "Career statistics", "NBA", "Regular season", "LNB Pro A", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4314 ]

[ 19906, 19907, 19908, 19909, 19910, 19911, 19912, 19913, 19914, 19915, 19916, 19917, 19918, 19919, 19920, 19921, 19922, 19923, 19924, 19925, 19926, 19927, 19928, 19929, 19930, 19931, 19932, 19933, 19934, 19935, 19936, 19937, 19938, 19939, 19940, 19941, 19942, 19943, 19944, 19945, 19946, 19947, 19948, 19949, 19950, 19951, 19952, 19953 ]

[ "Portrait by Nadar" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/ElieReclusNadar.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Reclus (French: [ʁəkly]; 1827–1904) was a French ethnographer and anarchist.\nÉlie Reclus was the oldest of five brothers, born to a Protestant minister and his wife. His middle three brothers, including the well known anarchist Élisée Reclus, all became geographers.\nIn 1866 a feminist group called the Société pour la Revendication du Droit des Femmes began to meet at the house of André Léo. Members included Paule Minck, Louise Michel, Eliska Vincent, Élie Reclus and his wife Noémie, Mme Jules Simon and Caroline de Barrau. Maria Deraismes also participated. Because of the broad range of opinions, the group decided to focus on the subject of improving girls' education.\nÉlie Reclus served as director of the Bibliotheque National in Paris during the Commune de Paris. Condemned par contumace, he went to the United States, then to England, until the French government amnesty in March 1879.\nWhile exiled in London, he presented to the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland his first article against circumcision, Circumcision, signification, origins and other similar rituals, in January 1879.\nReclus also taught Charles Fairfield, who was the father of Rebecca West.", "Many articles in French or foreign journals or magazines, among which:\nRevue de l’Ouest, Bay Saint-Louis (United States)\nMysl, then Dielo, Saint-Petersburg\nRousskoïé Slovo\nThe Times\nPutnam’s Magazine,\nInternational, San Francisco)\nLa Gironde (« Lettres d’un cosmopolite »)\nLa Rive gauche\nLa Nouvelle Revue,\nRevue de la Société d’anthropologie\nLa Commune\n1864: Introduction to the Dictionnaire des communes de France, in collaboration with Élisée Reclus, Hachette\n1885: Les Primitifs, Chamerot.\n1894: Les Primitifs d’Australie, Dentu.\n1896: Renouveau d’une cité, in collaboration with Élisée Reclus, La Société nouvelle\n1894–1904: conferences at the New University of Brussels on the evolution of religions\n1904–1910, posthumes:\nLe Mariage tel qu’il fut et tel qu’il est, Imprimerie nouvelle, Mons\nLa Commune de Paris au jour le jour, Schleicher, reedited in 2011 by the Association Théolib;\nLes Croyances populaires, lessons at the New University\nLe Pain. La Doctrine de Luther, la Société nouvelle\nLes Physionomies végétales, Costes", "Revue internationale des sciences (Tome III, 1879, Paris)\nMcMillan 2002, p. 130.\n\"...late in her life, she [West] referred frequently to the anarchist Reclus brothers, one of whom (Elisée Reclus) had been a famous geographer in his time, while the other (Elie Reclus) had been the private tutor of West's father, Charles Fairfield...\" Bernard Schweizer, Rebecca West: Heroism, Rebellion, and the Female Epic.Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0313323607.\nÉlie Reclus. \"Élie Reclus. La Commune de Paris au jour le jour\".", "McMillan, James F. (2002-01-08). France and Women, 1789-1914: Gender, Society and Politics. Routledge. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-134-58957-9. Retrieved 2014-10-23.", "Ellis, Havelock (1927). \"Elie Reclus\". In Ishill, Joseph (ed.). Elisée and Elie Reclus: In Memoriam. Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Oriole Press. OCLC 6788047.\nFerretti, Federico (2018). Anarchy and Geography: Reclus and Kropotkin in the UK. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-04172-0.", "Works by Élie Reclus at Project Gutenberg\nWorks by or about Élie Reclus at Internet Archive" ]

[ "Élie Reclus", "Works", "Notes", "Bibliography", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 4315 ]

[ 19954, 19955, 19956, 19957, 19958, 19959 ]

[ "Élie-Salomon-François Reverdil" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Reverdil.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Salomon François Reverdil (1732–1808) was a Swiss scholar.\nReverdil studied theology in Geneva, and was employed as a professor in mathematics at the academy of arts in Copenhagen in 1758. In 1760, he became a tutor to the future Christian VII of Denmark. When Christian became king in 1766, Reverdil was appointed reader and cabinet secretary. In 1767, he was exiled, likely because of the influence of the king's favorite Conrad Holck, and settled in Switzerland. In June 1771, Reverdil was recalled to Denmark by Struensee to become the companion and caretaker of the by now mentally ill king. He was exiled again after the fall of Struensee and returned to Switzerland.\nHe published memoirs of his time at the Danish court.", "Nordisk familjebok, Reverdil, Élie Salomon François, 1904–1926." ]

[ "Élie Salomon François Reverdil", "References" ]

[ 4316 ]

[ 19960 ]

[ "Élie Semoun in 2012 at the Deauville American Film Festival", "Élie Semoun at the 36th César Awards in 2011.", "Élie Semoun at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival." ]

[ 0, 5, 7 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Elie_Semoun_Deauville_2012.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Elie_S%C3%A9moun_C%C3%A9sars_2011.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Elie_S%C3%A9moun_Cannes_2011.jpg" ]

[ "Élie Semoun (born Élie Semhoun on 16 October 1963) is a French comedian, actor, director, writer and singer.", "Élie Semoun was born in France, to a Sephardic Jewish family of Moroccan-Jewish and Algerian-Jewish descent. In 1980 at the age of 17, Semoun wrote two collections of poems and two plays. Beginning in 1988, he had regular appearances on the television series Vivement lundi! on TF1, where he played a horse mounted on rollers.\nHis comedy career began in 1990 with his partner Dieudonné M'bala M'bala, with whom he wrote and performed daring, skits with scathing takes generally taboo subjects such as racism and poverty, often playing up contrasts between himself and his partner in terms of origin, color, and religion.\nTheir first show was held at Café de la Gare in 1991. The duo acquired a certain notoriety in 1992 after several appearances on their fellow comedian Arthur's show Emission Impossible, where they were noticed for their particularly corrosive sketches. They followed this up with one success after another at Le Splendid Theater, Paris's Palais des glaces, and at Casino de Paris. Élie and Dieudonné formed one of the most popular comic duos of the 1990s.\nIn 1997 the duo split due to artistic and financial differences. Élie resented how Dieudonné handled their relations with the media and admitted that he was unhappy that his friend had turned towards film (and that he left to appear in the United States) and antisemitism. Dieudonné managed the financial aspects of their career, and Semoun felt their money was not divided equitably.\nBreaking out on his own, Semoun continued his success with Petites Annonces d'Élie (which had been at first intended to be a show with Dieudonné) alongside his friend the actor Franck Dubosc. Once again his performance was promoted by his friend on the show Les Enfants de la télé (France) Inspired by actual classified ads recorded by them in a van, the \"Petites Annonces d'Élie\" (Élie's Classified Ads) are seen through the character of Cyprian, a repulsive looking man searching for a \"busty blond\".\nSemoun went back on stage with a one-man show, Élie and Semoun. He supported Bertrand Delanoë during Paris's municipal elections of 2001 and Lionel Jospin during the presidential election of 2002. In 2003, he released an album of French songs called simply \"Chansons\". In early 2005, he performed in a show (co-authored with Franck Dubosc and Muriel Robin entitled Élie Semoun se prend pour qui?\nÉlie Semoun maintained in the years following his separation with Dieudonné a complex and strained relationship with his former partner. First strained, then reconciled, they have again grown apart during the public controversy aroused by the political stances of Dieudonné. \"Some have speculated on the reunion of our duo, but I must tell you that this is clearly out of the question! It's over.\" In 2012, he declared that \"the Dieudonné he knew and the Dieudonné of today appear to him like two completely different people, and he is unable to reconcile them in his mind\".\nAn album entitled Sur le fil (On the Edge), was released on 19 March 2007. He brought in new guest stars, such as Alexandre Astier and Bérénice Bejo. The skits are always written by Élie Semoun and Franck Dubosc, but this time assisted by comedian Manu Payet.\nÉlie performed his show Élie Semoun se prend pour qui? for the last time on 16 June 2007 in Doué-la-Fontaine at the Festival d'Anjou.\nIn 2007, he signed a petition disagreeing with Ségolène Royal and participated in several meetings against the Socialist candidate with his friend Bertrand Delanoë.", "His father, Paul Semhoun, is from the Moroccan city of Taza, and worked for the French Postal Service. His mother, Denise Malka, born in Tlemcen in Algeria, was a French teacher. She died of hepatitis at age 36 when Élie was 11 years old. He has a younger brother, Laurent, who died of AIDS in 2002, also age 36, and a sister, Anne-Judith, a marketing director.\nHe has a son, Antoine, born in 1995 in Rennes. He shares custody with his ex-wife, Annie Florence Jeannesson, whom he divorced in 2002 · \nSemoun is the second cousin of singer and actor Patrick Bruel, the grandfather of Bruel being the brother of Semoun's grandmother.", "1991: Élie Semoun et Dieudonné au Théâtre du Splendid Saint-Martin, directed by Pascal Légitimus\n1996: Élie Semoun et Dieudonné en garde à vue\n1999: Élie et Semoun au Palais des Glaces, directed by Muriel Robin\n2002: Élie Semoun à l'Olympia, directed by Roger Louret\n2005–2006: Élie Semoun se prend pour qui ?, directed by Roger Louret\n2008–2009: Merki…, directed by Roger Louret\n2012: Tranches de Vies, directed by Muriel Robin", "2012: Tartarin de Tarascon by Jérôme Savary, directed by the author, Théâtre André Malraux\n2012: Inconnu à cette adresse by Kressmann Taylor, directed by Delphine de Malherbe, théâtre Antoine-Simone Berriau\n2014: Le Placard by Francis Veber, directed by the author, Théâtre des Nouveautés", "", "1989: Pause-café Pause Tendresse de Serge Leroy (3rd episode): Alberto\n1988–1991: Vivement lundi!\n1990: Édouard et ses filles by Michel Lang\n1996: François Kleber – L'Embrouilleur\n1996: Maigret – Maigret tend un piège\n2001–2003: Caméra Café (at least 3 episodes)\n2002: Si j'étais lui by Philippe Triboit\n2004: Kaamelott (5 episodes)\n2008: Rien dans les poches by Marion Vernoux\n2010: Un divorce de chien by Lorraine Lévy : Julien\n2011: Very Bad Blagues de Palmashow (épisode 58)\n2012: Bref by Kyan Khojandi (episode 53)\n2013: Hitchcock by Mocky – episode \"Selon la loi\"\n2013: Nos chers voisins fêtent l'été : Ludovic, un représentant de commerce, victime de la ruse des voisins\n2013: Y'a pas d'âge (1 episode)\n2013: What Ze Teuf (2 episodes) : lui-même", "1988: Toilette-Zone by Laurence Arcadias\n1995: Les Trois Frères by Bernard Campan and Didier Bourdon : Brice\n1995: Les Bidochon by Serge Korber : René\n1996: Titus et Cortex by Jean Claude Buziac\n1996: Tout doit disparaître by Philippe Muyl: Gérard Piche\n1997: Les Démons de Jésus by Bernie Bonvoisin: Gérard\n1997: Le Clone by Fabio Conversi: Thomas\n1997: Que la lumière soit by Arthur Joffé: God the shopkeeper\n1998: Charité biz'ness by Thierry Barthes: Momo/Massipu\n1998: Les Grandes Bouches by Bernie Bonvoisin: Fichier\n1999: L'Ami du jardin by Jean-Louis Bouchaud\n1999: Les Parasites by Philippe de Chauveron: Brigadier Max Schmitt\n1999: Love Me by Laetitia Masson: l'amoureux\n1999: Stringer by Klaus Biedermann: Filo\n2000: Old School by Karim Abbou and Kader Ayd: Dealer\n2000: Deuxième vie by Patrick Braoudé: Steve Michaud\n2002: Si j'étais lui by Philippe Triboit: Tristan\n2003: The Car Keys by Laurent Baffie: Himself\n2004: People by Fabien Onteniente: Cyril Legall\n2004: Casablanca Driver by Maurice Barthélémy: Mr. X\n2004: Les Dalton by Philippe Haim: Docteur Doxey / Customs Officer\n2004: La vie de Michel Muller est plus belle que la vôtre by Michel Muller\n2005: Iznogoud by Patrick Braoudé: Prince\n2005: Once Upon a Time in the Oued by Djamel Bensalah: Maitre d'hôtel\n2005: Riviera by Anne Villacèque: Romansky\n2005: Aux abois by Philippe Collin: Paul\n2008: Asterix at the Olympic Games by Frédéric Forestier and Thomas Langmann : Judge Omega\n2008: 15 ans et demi by Thomas Sorriaux and François Desagnat: Angry Automobilist\n2009: Cyprien by David Charhon: Cyprien\n2009: Park Benches by Bruno Podalydès: Le dragueur\n2009: Neuilly sa mère ! by Gabriel Julien-Laferrière: Court Bailiff\n2010: La Chance de ma vie by Nicolas Cuche: Philippe Markus\n2011: L'Élève Ducobu by Philippe de Chauveron: Gustave Latouche\n2012: Les Vacances de Ducobu by Philippe de Chauveron: Gustave Latouche\n2012: Les Kaïra by Franck Gastambide: lui-même\n2014: Les Trois Frères : le retour by Didier Bourdon and Bernard Campan: Mr Gérard\n2014: Les Francis by Fabrice Begotti: Prefect\n2014: Qu'est-ce qu'on a fait au Bon Dieu? by Philippe de Chauveron\n2014: La Grande séduction by Stéphane Meunier\n2018: Neuilly sa mère, sa mère ! by Gabriel Julien-Laferrière\n2020: Ducobu 3: Gustave Latouche\nShort films\n1985: Poussière d'étoiles by Agnès Merlet\n2000: Le Truc by Stéphane Bélaïsch\n2007: Dominique Laffin, portrait d'une enfant pas sage, by Laurent Perrin\n2012: L'âge de Glace 4: Élie Semoun visite Blue Sky; (document shown Sunday 24 juin 2012 by Gulli).\n2014: Les Trois Frères, le retour", "", "", "1992: Old School: French voice of Mitchell Whitfield\n1995: Pocahontas: French voice of Wiggins\n2002: The Magic Roundabout directed by Dave Borthwick: voice of Zébulon\n2002: Ice Age directed by Chris Wedge: French voice of Sid\n2002: Gouille et Gar by Gamer (short film): voice of Gouille\n2005: Robots of Chris Wedge: French voice of Fender\n2006: Ice Age: The Meltdown directed by Carlos Saldanha: French voice of Sid\n2006: Charlotte's Web directed by Gary Winick: French voice of Rat Templeton\n2009: Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs: French voice of Sid\n2010: A Turtle's Tale: Sammy's Adventures: French voice of adult Ray\n2010: Allez raconte ! directed by Jean-Christophe Roger: Éric\n2011: Animals United: French voice of Billy the Meerkat\n2011: Émilie Jolie directed by Francis Nielsen and Philippe Chatel: voices of Belzébuth and Prince Charming\n2012: Ice Age: Continental Drift : French voice of Sid\n2012: Sammy's Great Escape directed by Ben Stassen : French voice of adult Ray\n2014: The Mansions of the Gods directed by Alexandre Astier : voice of the chief of the Roman cohort\n2016: Ice Age: Collision Course: French voice of Sid", "", "1988: Les Années collège : Joey Jeremiah (Pat Mastroianni)", "", "", "1999: Élie et Semoun au Palais des Glaces\n2000: Élie annonce Semoun, 5th volume of short ads (55 classified ads)\n2002: Les Petites Annonces d'Élie l'intégrale, the first 3 volumes released on VHS in the late 1990s and the unprecedented volume 4 (the best of the first 3) (167 classified ads)\n2002 : Élie Semoun à l'Olympia Bruno Coquatrix\n2003 : Élie annonce Semoun, la suite, 6th volume of classified ads\n2006 : Élie Semoun se prend pour qui ?\n2007 : Élie annonce Semoun, la suite de la suite, 7th volume of classified ads (56 classified ads)\n2008 : Merki\n2008 : Les Petites Annonces d'Élie (l'essentiel){Avec Franck Dubosc}(more than160 classified ads)\n2012 : Tranches de vies", "1998 : Dreamcast (voiceover promotional advertising Sega console \"Up to six billion players\")\n2003 : Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc (Les Ptizêtres, additional voices)", "2003 : Chansons\n2007 : Sur le fil", "Les Annonces en BD, bande dessinée, Jungle :\nTome I, Si tu es blonde…, 2004.\nTome II, J'suis choooquée, 2005.\nBest of 2009.\nÉlie Semoun se prend pour qui ?, graphic novel, Jungle, 2006.\nKévina, Mikeline, Toufik et les autres…, Fetjaine, 2008.\nJe grandirai plus tard, Flammarion, 2013.", "Témoignage d'Élie Semoun dans l'émission La parenthèse inattendue, France 2, 14 novembre 2012\nSee in particular the open letter from Élie Semoun to Dieudonné: \"Salut Bouffon, Lettre à Dieudonné pris dans la polémique\", Libération, February 23, 2004.\nDeclaration RTL, July 17, 2008.\nPortrait sur Envoyé spécial, France 2, 18 février 2010\nUne journée avec Élie sur Elle, 24 juin 2009\nBiographie sur Gala", "Élie Semoun at IMDb\nOfficial website" ]

[ "Élie Semoun", "Life and career", "Family", "Shows", "Theater", "Filmography", "Television", "Film", "Voice Work", "Film", "Animated Films", "Television", "Series", "Shows with Dieudonné", "Shows with Franck Dubosc", "Video", "Video Games", "Albums", "Books", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4317, 4318, 4319 ]

[ 19961, 19962, 19963, 19964, 19965, 19966, 19967, 19968, 19969, 19970, 19971, 19972, 19973, 19974, 19975, 19976, 19977, 19978, 19979, 19980 ]

[ "Élie Semoun", "Dieudonné" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Elie_Semoun.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Dieudonn%C3%A9_M%E2%80%99bala_M%E2%80%99bala.jpg" ]

[ "Élie and Dieudonné (French: Élie et Dieudonné), was a French comedic duo composed of Élie Semoun and Dieudonné M'bala M'bala. The duo was productive from 1990 until their dissolution in 1997, after which each has continued to perform separately.\nA recurring theme of the comedic duo was based on the African background of Dieudonné and the Jewish background of Élie Semoun, which they used to denounce and combat racism in their two communities.\nThe two comedians had certain recurring qualities to the characters they played, with Dieudonné playing a person who was imposing and unstable, while Élie played a man who was small and hysterical.\nThey separated in 1997 due to artistic and financial disputes, shortly after filming their only feature film together, Le Clone, and shortly before it was released. They had a brief reunion in late 2002 in Thierry Ardisson's Tout le monde en parle. However, many controversies pitted the two former friends against one another after 2005. After several reconciliations, Semoun eventually halted any possibility of a reconciliation and reformation of the duo when he learned that Dieudonné had chosen Jean-Marie Le Pen to be the godfather of one of his daughters.", "", "1991–1993: Élie et Dieudonné\n1996: Élie et Dieudonné en garde à vue", "", "1998: Le Clone, directed by Fabio Conversi", "LES RETROUVAILLES D'ELIE SEMOUN ET DE DIEUDONNÉ\n\" Là je crois que ça suffit maintenant! Cette fois c'est fini et bien fini avec Dieudonné. Certains évoquaient la reformation de notre duo, mais je dois vous dire que c'est clairement hors de question! C'est fini... (RTL, 17 juillet 2008)\nElie Semoun : \"Dieudonné est antisémite, il ne demandera jamais pardon !\"\n(Le Quotidien de Paris)" ]

[ "Élie and Dieudonné", "Performances", "Theater", "Television", "Film", "References" ]

[ 4320, 4321 ]

[ 19981, 19982 ]

[ "Élie de Rothschild at Royaumont in 1994" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Elie_de_Rothschild_%28Royaumont%29.JPG" ]

[ "Élie Robert de Rothschild (29 May 1917 – 6 August 2007) was the guardian of the French branch of the Rothschild family banking dynasty. He followed his father as a partner in the family bank, de Rothschild Frères, and ran the Château Lafite-Rothschild premier cru claret vineyard from 1946 to 1974.", "Élie de Rothschild was the younger son of Baron Robert de Rothschild and Nelly Beer. His father was a partner in de Rothschild Frères with his cousin, Baron Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild. His mother was the daughter of Edmond Beer, a great-great-niece of the composer Giacomo Meyerbeer, and elder sister of Marie-Louise Beer, who married Lionel Nathan de Rothschild from the English branch of the Rothschild family. Élie and his siblings (Diane, Alain and Cécile) were brought up at Château de Laversine, near Chantilly, and at the family mansion at 23 avenue de Marigny near the Elysée Palace in Paris.", "He and his brother served as officers in a cavalry regiment—the Anciens 11èmes Cuirassiers—when Nazi Germany invaded France in 1940. Both were captured by the Nazis close to the Belgian border during World War II. Élie was taken to the prisoner of war camp Oflag X-B at Nienberg near Hamburg. After being discovered planning to escape, he was taken to Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle, then to Oflag X-C at Lübeck, one of the toughest POW camps. There, he was reunited with his brother. Despite being persons of Jewish descent, both were treated by the Wehrmacht as captured officers. He was released in early 1944. Elie later recounted that, despite the harsh condition of the prison, he had been treated well and respectfully throughout.\nWhile in Colditz, Élie had written to his childhood sweetheart Baroness Liliane Fould-Springer and asked her to marry him, which they did by proxy by 1942—Élie being allowed to take his marriage vows while imprisoned. Her mother thought her foolish to take on the Rothschild name with the Nazis in control of France. However, they were not troubled during the Nazi occupation. The Fould-Springers had extensive interests in Austria, and one branch of the family owned Château Beychevelle, a Bordeaux estate close to Château Lafite in Pauillac in the Médoc.", "After the war, Élie, Alain and their wives shared the family mansion at avenue de Marigny, which had been used as the Luftwaffe headquarters during the war. Élie and his family moved to 11 rue Masseran in the 1950s, where he displayed his great collection of art, including works by Rembrandt, Gainsborough, Dubuffet and Picasso. This collection was described in the book Great Private Collections, by Douglas Cooper; when Alvar Gonzales Palacios discovered a Dancer of Canova, he researched its history, and found out that, for a while, it had been in the Hotel Massaran, attributed to Carpeaux.\nÉlie and his brother assisted their cousin, Guy de Rothschild, to rebuild the Rothschild Frères investment bank, and its Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord subsidiary. Élie took charge of Château Lafite-Rothschild, the premier cru Pauillac vineyard in the Médoc, in 1946, which he owned jointly with Alain, Guy and their English cousin Jimmy de Rothschild. Élie became president of the family's Compagnie des chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM) in 1956, diversifying into hotels, motels and restaurants.", "He built a web of at least 20 secrecy-cloaked trusts in the South Pacific between 1996 and 2003, some of which continued operating after his death in 2007. As documents from the Offshore leaks revealed at least 20 trusts and 10 holding companies were set up for Rothschild in the Cook Islands, with typically opaque names including, fittingly, ″Anon Trust″. The companies have a common shareholder called ″Mandalor Limited″, an equally opaque company based in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.\nÉlie was a friend of Prince Aly Khan and Gianni Agnelli. In 1954, when Liliane was out of town, Élie was introduced to divorcée Pamela Churchill (later Pamela Harriman). According to Élie, \"She was sweet, charming and pretty. I wanted to go to bed with her and I did.\" Nevertheless, Liliane quickly saw off her rival. When the Duke of Windsor asked her: \"Which Rothschild is the lover of Pamela Churchill?' she replied: \"My husband, Sir\". This remark undermined Pamela as much as any other retributive strikes and presently the affair receded. His nephew Éric de Rothschild, son of Alain, took over at Château Lafite-Rothschild in 1974.", "Élie died of a heart attack when on vacation at his hunting lodge near the village of Scharnitz outside Innsbruck in Austria. His wife predeceased him in 2003. His son is married to Nili Limon, the daughter of Mordechai Limon, commander of the Israel Navy in the 1950s.", "Vickers, Hugo (9 August 2007). \"Baron Elie de Rothschild\". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2017.\nHaaretz: \"Russian billionaire takes a local interest\" by Moti Bassok and Sophie Shulman March 25, 2004", "Mssr. Rothschild's Tribute at Respectance.com\nReflected Glory: the Life of Pamela Churchill Harriman, Sally Bedell Smith, 1996. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80950-8\nObituary, The Daily Telegraph, 7 August 2007\nObituary, The Times, 8 August 2007\nObituary, The Independent, 9 August 2007" ]

[ "Élie de Rothschild", "Lineage", "World War II service", "Post-war life", "Offshore business", "Death", "References", "Sources" ]

[ 4322 ]

[ 19983, 19984, 19985, 19986, 19987, 19988, 19989, 19990, 19991, 19992, 19993, 19994 ]

[ "Éliette Abecassis in 2006" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/ABECASSIS_Eliette-24x30-2006b.jpg" ]

[ "Éliette Abécassis (born 27 January 1969) is a French writer of Moroccan-Jewish descent. She is a professor of philosophy at the University of Caen Normandy.", "Éliette Abécassis was born in Strasbourg into a practicing Moroccan Orthodox Jewish family. Her childhood is permeated by the daily life of the Strasbourg Jewish community. His father, Armand Abécassis, teaches philosophy and is a renowned thinker of Judaism whose thought permeated the Talmudic interpretation of Strasbourg. He notably played a considerable role in the creation and teaching of the Aquiba school in Strasbourg. Her mother, Janine, is a professor and specialist in child and developmental psychology. In several autobiographical novels, Éliette Abécassis declares to have been very influenced by the Sephardic religious environment and education, but to have also sometimes been suffocated by it and tried to emancipate itself from it on numerous occasions, especially during her youth. She declares her attachment to French universalism.\nAfter the baccalaureate, she left Strasbourg at 17 to go to Paris to study in preparatory literary classes, at the Lycée Henri-IV. She then joined the École normale supérieure in rue d'Ulm, where she obtained the agrégation in philosophy, and then taught philosophy at the University of Caen. \"I wasn't much older than my students. They were very good, all passionate about philosophy, which, however, does not lead to anything other than itself.\"\nAt 23, she went to the United States for a year at Harvard University, in the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, on a scholarship. She then wrote her first novel, Qumran, a metaphysical detective story that deals with mysterious murders linked to the disappearance of the recently discovered Dead Sea scrolls.\nFor her first novel Qumran, Éliette Abécassis is not satisfied with her prior knowledge of the Hebrew world, she pushes her research as far as Israel, Jerusalem, Qumran and also went to the United States in several libraries, archives and places of contemporary Jewish culture in order to obtain as much information as possible. Her research lasted three years and they paid off: Qumran was released in 1996 and immediately achieved immense success; the book being translated into eighteen languages. The main publishing houses had however refused the manuscript, until Ramsay editions accepted it.\nIn 1997, she began to teach philosophy in Caen and published L'Or et la Cendre, the mysterious story of the murder of a Berlin theologian, still with Ramsay editions. In 1998, she wrote an essay on Evil and the philosophical origin of homicide: Little Metaphysics of Murder at the Presses Universitaires de France.\nIn September 2000, she published with Albin Michel La Répudiée. For this novel she received the Prize of Believing Writers 2001. This novel is inspired by the screenplay she wrote for the film Kadosh by Israeli director Amos Gitai. In 2001, Le Trésor du temple recounts Qumran's follow in the footsteps of the Templars: Ary Cohen and Jane Rogers meet to investigate the secret of the Jerusalem temple. Qumran's trilogy borrows the form of the adventure and suspense novel but conceals in the plots a real erudition and a real metaphysical ambition. The same year, she directed the short film La Nuit de noces, the screenplay of which was co-written with Gérard Brach.\nIn 2002, her novel Mon père is published, which tells of the questioning of an idyllic father-daughter relationship, while Qumran is adapted into a comic book by Gémine and Makyo. In 2003, her novel Clandestin tells the story of an impossible love. It is part of the selection of twelve books for the Prix Goncourt.\nIn 2004, the last part of Qumran, The Last Tribe, appeared. In 2005, with her novel Un heureux événement, Éliette Abécassis tackles the theme of motherhood. She also directed the documentary-fiction Tel Aviv la vie, with Tiffany Tavernier.\nIn 2009, she published the novel Sépharade, whose heroine in her existential quest immersed herself in the world of the Sephardic Jews of Morocco. In 2011, she published Et te voici permise à tout homme where she talks about the difficulties of obtaining a religious divorce.\nIn 2013, she publishes Le Palimpseste d'Archimède.\nIn 2014, she published Un secret du docteur Freud, written with the help of her mother, a psychoanalyst. In 2015, Alyah appeared, a sort of testimony from a Jewish woman after the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. Le maître du Talmud, published in 2018, is a new historical-religious thriller, the plot of which is set in the kingdom of France in the thirteenth century, marked by the emergence of the Inquisition and religious fanaticism.\nÉliette Abécassis is divorced and the mother of two children.", "Eliette Abécassis is involved in associations fighting for the rights and freedoms of women, including the association SOS les Mamans. Alongside the lawyer Marie-Anne Frison-Roche and the philosopher Sylviane Agacinski, she campaigned vigorously against surrogacy, which she likened to a practice of commodification of the body of women and reification of the child.", "", "Qumran (1996)\nL'Or et la cendre (1997)\nPetite Métaphysique du meurtre (1998)\nLa Répudiée (2000)\nLe Trésor du temple (2001)\nMon père (2002)\nClandestin (2003)\nLa Dernière Tribu (2004)\nUn heureux événement (2005)\nLe Corset invisible (2007)\nMère et fille, un roman (2008)\nSépharade (2009)\nLe Messager (2009) (with Mark Crick)\nEt te voici permise à tout homme (2011)\nLe palimpseste d'archimède (2013)\nUn secret du docteur Freud (2014)\nAlyah (2015)\nLe Maître du Talmud (2018)\nL'Envie d'y croire: journal d'une époque sans foi (2019)\nNos rendez-vous (2020)", "Lettres à Dieu, Calmann-Lévy (2004)\nLa Rencontre, collection of short stories, Éditions Prisma, (2010). Alongside Marek Halter, Camilla Läckberg, Didier van Cauwelaert, Claudie Gallay and Agnès Desarthe.\nEnfances, adolescences, Librio (2015).", "Éliette Abécassis has written books and articles on the status of women, which she defends in several associations, such as Le Corset invisible in 2007, with Caroline Bongrand.\n\"The corset, with the advent of feminism, has disappeared from our wardrobes. Today our belly and our movements are free, and we can breathe. But our body and our mind are locked, compressed, atrophied in a corset more insidious than that of previous centuries, because it cannot be seen. [...] Today's female body is actually controlled by task exhaustion, diets and new beauty standards. Her mind, supposedly free from male domination, is in the grip of society as a whole, which seems to be conspiring against her.\"\nIn 2018, she published Bébés à vendre at Robert Laffont, a review of surrogacy, in which she denounced the commodification of women's bodies.", "Éliette Abécassis has also published a series of children's books: T'es plus ma maman, Je ne veux pas dormir, Il a tout et moi j'ai rien, Astalik fait ses courses et Je ne veux pas aller à l'école.\nShe, with her daughter, told and sang a children's story, Lulu veut être chanteuse (Lulu wants to be a singer) published in a digital book on the Whisperies platform.", "", "2001: La nuit de noce, twelve minutes short film with Samuel Le Bihan and Isild Le Besco.\n2007: Tel Aviv la vie, directed with Tiffany Tavernier.", "1999 : Kadosh, by Amos Gitaï.", "2011 : Un heureux événement, by Rémi Bezançon.", "Éliette Abécassis is a lyricist, notably for the French rock group Debout sur le zinc. She also wrote the song La chanson Sépharade for Enrico Macias.", "2001: Prix Écritures & Spiritualités for the novel La Répudiée (2000).\n2010: Alberto Benveniste Prize for the novel Sépharade (2010).", "\"Eliette Abécassis\". goodreads.com. Retrieved 31 December 2009.\n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28. \nDeveley, Alice (2018-04-09). \"Éliette Abécassis, romancière engagée\". Le Figaro.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28. \n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28. \n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28. \n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28. \n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28. \n\"Un secret du docteur Freud, Eliette Abécassis\". www.lacauselitteraire.fr. Retrieved 2020-09-28.\nDeveley, Alice (2018-04-09). \"Éliette Abécassis, romancière engagée\". Le Figaro.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\nChabalier, Blaise De (2010-08-27). \"Chronique d'une femme trahie\". Le Figaro.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\nPsychologies.com (2013-12-13). \"Eliette Abécassis : J'ai entendu la voix de mon père\". www.psychologies.com (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28. \n\"Elisa Tovati et Eliette Abécassis\". www.franceinter.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\n\"Le palimpseste d'Archimède\". Le Monde des Religions (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\n\"Critiques de Alyah - Eliette Abecassis (13) - Babelio\". www.babelio.com (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\nDeveley, Alice (2018-04-09). \"Éliette Abécassis, romancière engagée\". Le Figaro.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28. \n\"SOS les Mamans\". www.soslesmamans.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28.\nDeveley, Alice (2018-04-09). \"Éliette Abécassis, romancière engagée\". Le Figaro.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\nAbécassis, Eliette; Bongrand, Caroline (2013-03-21). Le Corset invisible (in French). Albin Michel. ISBN 978-2-226-23158-1.\nHorie, Marine de la (2018-09-07). \"Californie, pop-up, philo, lecture... La liste de nos envies\". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-28.\n\"Enrico Macias en chanteur intercommunautaire\". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2011-03-17. Retrieved 2020-09-28.\n\"Les lauréats du Prix littéraire\". www.centrealbertobenveniste.org. Retrieved 2020-09-28.", "Éliette Abécassis at IMDb" ]

[ "Éliette Abécassis", "Biography", "Women's right", "Works", "Books", "Participations", "Books on feminism", "Children's literature", "Filmography", "Directed", "Scriptwriter", "Cinematographic adaptation of her work", "Music", "Titles", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4323 ]

[ 19995, 19996, 19997, 19998, 19999, 20000, 20001, 20002, 20003, 20004, 20005, 20006, 20007, 20008, 20009, 20010, 20011, 20012, 20013, 20014, 20015, 20016, 20017 ]

[ "Bellinglise Castle" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Bellinglise.jpg" ]

[ "Élincourt-Sainte-Marguerite ([elɛ̃kuʁ sɛ̃t maʁɡərit]) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.\nÉlincourt-Sainte-Marguerite is situated between Paris and Lille in the region of Hauts-de-France, 100 km from Paris, 80 km from Amiens, and 145 km from Lille.", "The residents of the commune are called Élincourtois.", "Élincourt-Sainte-Marguerite was the birthplace of:\nAbel Lefranc (1863-1952), historian of French literature, expert on Rabelais.", "Communes of the Oise department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". INSEE. 28 December 2020." ]

[ "Élincourt-Sainte-Marguerite", "Population", "Personalities", "See also", "References" ]

[ 4324 ]

[ 20018 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Dionne.jpg" ]

[ "Élisée Dionne (August 21, 1828 – August 22, 1892) was a Canadian provincial politician.\nBorn in Kamouraska, Lower Canada, Dionne was a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec for Grandville from 1867 to 1892.", "\"Biography\". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec." ]

[ "Élisée Dionne", "References" ]

[ 4325 ]

[ 20019 ]

[ "", "Reclus reading Le Cri du Peuple in the garden of his home in Brussels, c. 1894–1905", "Élisée Reclus" ]

[ 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus%2C_by_Nadar%2C_retouched.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Le_Cri_du_Peuple_-_Elis%C3%A9e_Reclus.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/%C3%89lis%C3%A9eReclus1905.png" ]

[ "Jacques Élisée Reclus (French: [ʁəkly]; 15 March 1830 – 4 July 1905) was a renowned French geographer, writer and anarchist. He produced his 19-volume masterwork, La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes (\"Universal Geography\"), over a period of nearly 20 years (1875–1894). In 1892 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Paris Geographical Society for this work, despite having been banished from France because of his political activism.", "Reclus was born at Sainte-Foy-la-Grande (Gironde). He was the second son of a Protestant pastor and his wife. From the family of fourteen children, several brothers, including fellow geographers Onésime and Élie Reclus, went on to achieve renown either as men of letters, politicians or members of the learned professions.\nReclus began his education in Rhenish Prussia, and continued higher studies at the Protestant college of Montauban. He completed his studies at the University of Berlin, where he followed a long course of geography under Carl Ritter.\nWithdrawing from France due to the political events of December 1851, as a young man he spent the next six years (1852–1857) traveling and working in Great Britain, the United States, Central America, and Colombia. Arriving in Louisiana in 1853, Reclus worked for about two and a half years as a tutor to the children of cousin Septime and Félicité Fortier at their plantation Félicité, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) upriver from New Orleans. He recounted his passage through the Mississippi River Delta and impressions of antebellum New Orleans and the state in Fragment d'un voyage à la Nouvelle-Orléans, published in 1855.\nOn his return to Paris, Reclus contributed to the Revue des deux mondes, the Tour du monde and other periodicals, a large number of articles embodying the results of his geographical work. Among other works of this period was the short book Histoire d'un ruisseau, in which he traced the development of a great river from source to mouth. During 1867 and 1868, he published La Terre; description des phénomènes de la vie du globe in two volumes.\nDuring the Siege of Paris (1870–1871), Reclus shared in the aerostatic operations conducted by Félix Nadar, and also served in the National Guard. As a member of the Association Nationale des Travailleurs, he published a hostile manifesto against the government of Versailles in support of the Paris Commune of 1871 in the Cri du Peuple.\nContinuing to serve in the National Guard, which was then in open revolt, Reclus was taken prisoner on 5 April into Fort Quélern. On 16 November he was sentenced to deportation for life. Because of intervention by supporters from England, the sentence was commuted in January 1872 to perpetual banishment from France.\nAfter a short visit to Italy, Reclus settled at Clarens, Switzerland, where he resumed his literary labours and produced Histoire d'une montagne, a companion to Histoire d'un ruisseau. There he wrote nearly the whole of his work, La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, \"an examination of every continent and country in terms of the effects that geographic features like rivers and mountains had on human populations—and vice versa.\" This compilation was profusely illustrated with maps, plans, and engravings. It was awarded the gold medal of the Paris Geographical Society in 1892. An English edition was published simultaneously, also in 19 volumes, the first four translated by E. G. Ravenstein, the rest by A. H. Keane. Reclus's writings were characterized by extreme accuracy and brilliant exposition, which gave them permanent literary and scientific value.\nAccording to Kirkpatrick Sale:\nHis geographical work, thoroughly researched and unflinchingly scientific, laid out a picture of human-nature interaction that we today would call bioregionalism. It showed, with more detail than anyone but a dedicated geographer could possibly absorb, how the ecology of a place determined the kinds of lives and livelihoods its denizens would have and thus how people could properly live in self-regarding and self-determined bioregions without the interference of large and centralized governments that always try to homogenize diverse geographical areas.\nIn 1882, Reclus initiated the Anti-Marriage Movement. In accordance with these beliefs and the practice of union libre (\"free unions\"), which was common among working-class French in the mid-to-late 1800s, Reclus allowed his two daughters to \"marry\" their male partners without any civil or religious ceremonies, an action causing embarrassment to many of his well-wishers. Reclus had himself entered a free union in 1872, after the death of his first wife. In 1882 he also wrote Unions Libres, a pamphlet which detailed his anarchist and feminist objections to marriage. The French government initiated prosecution from the High Court of Lyon, arrested him and Peter Kropotkin as the International Association's organizers, and sentenced the latter to five years' imprisonment. Reclus escaped punishment as he remained in Switzerland. In a 1913 piece, Kropotkin, in admiration of Reclus, said that if anyone asked about the conflicts of the Middle East, that \"I should merely open the volume of Elisée Reclus's Geographie Universelle L'Asie, Russe...\"\nReclus had strong views on naturism and the benefits of nudity. He argued that living naked was more hygienic than wearing clothes; he believed that it was healthier for skin to be fully exposed to light and air so that it could resume its \"natural vitality and activity\" and become more flexible and firm at the same time. He also argued that from an aesthetic point of view, nudity was better: naked people were more beautiful. His principal objection to clothing was, however, a moral one; he felt that a fixation with clothing caused excessive focus on what was covered.\nIn 1894, Reclus was appointed chair of comparative geography at the University of Brussels, and moved with his family to Belgium. His brother Élie Reclus was at the university already, teaching religion. Élisée Reclus continued to write, contributing several important articles and essays to French, German and English scientific journals. He was awarded the 1894 Patron's Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society.\nIn 1905, shortly before his death, Reclus completed L'Homme et la terre, in which he rounded out his previous works by considering humanity's development relative to its geographical environment.", "On March 11, 1858, he was initiated in the regular Scottish Rite Masonic Lodge Les Émules d'Hiram, affiliated to the Grand Orient of France. His brother was just initiated and took part in his masonic baptism. He remained at the initiatel degrees of the Masonic spiritual path.\nReclus married and had a family, including two daughters.\nHe died at Torhout, near Bruges, Belgium.", "Reclus was admired by many prominent 19th century thinkers, including Alfred Russel Wallace, George Perkins Marsh, Patrick Geddes, Henry Stephens Salt, and Octave Mirbeau. James Joyce was influenced by Léon Metchnikoff's book La civilisation et les grands fleuves historiques, to which Reclus contributed a foreword.\nReclus advocated nature conservation and opposed meat-eating and cruelty to animals. He was a vegetarian. As a result, his ideas are seen by some historians and writers as anticipating the modern social ecology and animal rights movements.", "", "L'Homme et la terre (The Earth and Its Inhabitants\"), 6 volumes:\nL'Homme et la terre (1905), e-text online, Internet Archive\nÉlisée Reclus (1876–1894), A.H. Keane (ed.), The Earth and its Inhabitants, London: Virtue & Co.\nv.5 Russia in Europe, etc. (Index)\nv.6 Asiatic Russia (Index)\nElisée Reclus (1890). The Earth and Its Inhabitants. D. Appleton and Company.\nÉlisée Reclus (1883–1893), The Earth and its Inhabitants, New York: D. Appleton, OCLC 6631001\nEurope: v.1, v.2, v.3, v.4, v.5\nNorth America: v.1, v.2, v.3\nAfrica: v.1 v.2 v.3 v.4.\nThe earth and its inhabitants. The universal geography, ed. by E.G. Ravenstein (A.H. Keane). (J.S. Virtue, 1878)\nThe earth and its inhabitants, Asia, Volume 1 (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)\nThe Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: Asiatic Russia: Caucasia, Aralo-Caspian basin, Siberia (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)\nThe Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: South-western Asia (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)", "Du sentiment de la nature dans les sociétés modernes et autres textes, Éditions Premières Pierres, 2002 – ISBN 9782913534049", "The Progress of Mankind (Contemporary Review, 1896)\nAttila de Gerando (Revue Géographie, 1898)\nA Great Globe (Geograph. Journal, 1898)\nL'Extrême-Orient (Bulletin de la Société royale de géographie d'Anvers, 1898), a study of the political geography of the Far East and its possible changes\nElisée Reclus (1867). La Guerre du Paraguay. (Revue des Deux Mondes). ISBN 9781465509598. a report made for Parisian newspapers about the Paraguayan War, sympathetic towards the Paraguayan side.\nLa Perse (Bulletin de la Société neuchâteloise, 1899)\nLa Phénicie et les Phéniciens (ibid., 1900)\nLa Chine et la diplomatie européenne (L'Humanité nouvelle series, 1900)\nL'Enseignement de la géographie (Institut de géographie de Bruxelles, No 5, 1901)\nOn Vegetarianism (Humane Review, 1901)", "Anarchism in France\nGreen anarchism", "Chisholm 1911, p. 957.\nClark, John. \"Putting Freedom on the Map: The Life and Work of Élisée Reclus (Introduction and translation of Fragment)\". Mesechabe. 11 (Winter 1993): 14–17. Retrieved May 15, 2008.\nSale, Kirkpatrick (2010-07-01) \"Are Anarchists Revolting?\" Archived 2010-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, The American Conservative, 1 July 2010\nMcPhee, Peter (2004). A Social History of France 1780-1914 (Second ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 195.\nFerretti, Federico. \"Anarchist geographers and feminism in late 19th century France: the contributions of Elisée and Elie Reclus\". Feminist Historical Geographi. 44: 68–88.\nIngeborg Landuyt and Geert Lernout, \"Joyce's Sources: Les Grands Fleuves Historiques\", originally published in Joyce Studies, Annual 6 (1995): 99–138\nPeter Kropotkin (1913). \"The Coming War\". The Nineteenth Century: A monthly Review.\nReclus, Elisée (2004). Clark, John P.; Martin, Camille (eds.). Anarchy, Geography, Modernity: The Radical Social Thought of Elisée Reclus. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. pp. 107–. ISBN 978-0-7391-0805-5.\nReclus, Élisée (1905). L'Homme et la terre. Vol. Tome VI. Paris: Paris, Librairie universelle.\n\"List of Past Gold Medal Winners\" (PDF). Royal Geographical Society. Retrieved 24 August 2015.\nChisholm 1911, p. 958.\n\nLéo Campion, Le drapeau noir, l'équerre et le compas: les Maillons libertaires de la Chaîne d'Union, full text\nRevue belge de géographie, volumes 110 à 112, 1986, page 10\nJean-Paul Bord, Raffaele Cattedra, Ronald Creagh, Jean-Marie Miossec, Georges Roques, Elisée Reclus - Paul Vidal de la Blache : Le géographe, la cité et le monde, hier et aujourd'hui, L'Harmattan, 2009, page 13.\nWallace, A. R. (1905). My Life: A Record of Events and Opinions. Chapman and Hall. OCLC 473067997.\nLivingstone, David N. (1993). The Geographical Tradition: Episodes in the History of a Contested Enterprise. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-18535-6. OCLC 25787010.\n\"Are we to apply the name \"crank\" to that great thinker and beautiful writer, Elisee Reclus? One of the finest essays ever written in praise of vegetarianism is an article which he contributed to the Humane Review when I was editing it in 1901.\"Salt, Henry Stephens (1930). Company I have kept. George Allen & Unwin. p. 162. OCLC 2113916.\n\"...the scales were finally tipped...by Mirbeau's contact with the works of Kropotkin, Reclus and Tolstoy....They were the compound catalyst which caused Mirbeau's own ideas to crystallise, and they constituted a trilogy of enduring influences.\"Reg Carr, Anarchism in France: The Case of Octave Mirbeau Manchester University Press, 1977.\nLa Civilisation et les grands fleuves historiques. Hachette. 1889.\n\"History of Vegetarianism – Élisée Reclus (1830 – 1905)\". ivu.org. International Vegetarian Union. Retrieved January 23, 2010.\nMarshall, Peter (1993). \"Élisée Reclus: The Geographer of Liberty\". Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. London: Fontana. ISBN 0-00-686245-4. OCLC 490216031.\nThis article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Reclus, Jean Jacques Elisée\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 957–958.", "\"Élisée Reclus, savant et anarchiste\". Cahiers Pensée et Action. Paris -Bruxelles. 1956.\nBrun, Christophe (2015). Elisée Reclus, une chronologie familiale : sa vie, ses voyages, ses écrits, ses ascendants, ses collatéraux, les descendants, leurs écrits, sa postérité, 1796-2015 [Élisée Reclus, a family chronology: His life, his travels, his writings, his ancestors, his collaterals, the descendants, their writings, his posterity (1796-2015)] (in French).\nButterworth, Alex (2010). The World That Never Was: A True Story of Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Police. Pantheon.\nClark, John P. (1997). \"The Dialectical Social Geography of Élisée Reclus\". In Light, Andrew; Smith, Jonathan M. (eds.). Philosophy and Geography 1: Space, Place, and Environmental Ethics. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 117–142. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2009-06-01.\nCornuault, Joël (1995). Élisée Reclus, géographe et poète. Eglise-Neuve d'Issac: Éditions fédérop.\nCornuault, Joël (1999). Élisée Reclus, étonnant géographe. Périgueux: Fanlac.\nCornuault, Joël (2005). Élisée Reclus et les Fleurs Sauvages. Bergerac: Librairie La Brèche.\nCornuault, Joël (1996–2006). Les Cahiers Élisée Reclus. Bergerac: Librairie La Brèche.\nDunbar, Gary S. (1978). Elisée Reclus; A Historian of Nature. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books.\nFerretti, Federico (2007). Il mondo senza la mappa: Elisée Reclus e i Geografi Anarchici. Milano: Zero in condotta.\nFerretti, Federico (2010). \"Comment Elisée Reclus est devenu athée: un nouveau document biographique\". Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. doi:10.4000/cybergeo.22981.\nFerretti, Federico (2011). \"The correspondence between Élisée Reclus and Pëtr Kropotkin as a source for the history of geography\". Journal of Historical Geography. 37 (2): 216–222. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2010.10.001.\nFerretti, Federico (2012). Elisée Reclus, lettres de prison et d'exil. Lardy. Archived from the original on 2013-05-22.\nFerretti, Federico (2013). \"\"They have the right to throw us out\": Élisée Reclus' New Universal Geography\" (PDF). Antipode. 1 (45): no. doi:10.1111/anti.12006.\nFleming, Marie (1979). The Anarchist Way of Socialism. Totowa, N.J., USA: Rowman and Littlefield.\nFleming, Marie (1988). The Geography of Freedom: The Odyssey of Élisée Reclus. Montréal: Black Rose Books.\nGonot, Roger (1996). Élisée Reclus, Prophète de l'idéal anarchiste. Covedi.\nIshill, Joseph (1927). Élisée and Élie Reclus. Berkeley Heights, New Jersey: The Oriole Press.\nKropotkin P. A. Obituary. Elisée Reclus // Geographical Journal. 1905. Vol. 26, No. 3, Sept. P. 337-343; Obituary. Elisée Reclus. London, 1905. 8 p.\nLamaison, Crestian (2005). Élisée Reclus, l'Orthésien qui écrivait la Terre. Orthez: Cité du Livre.\nPelletier, Philippe (2005). \"La géographie innovante d'Élisée Reclus\". Les Amis de Sainte-Foy et Sa Région. 86 (2): 7–38.\nPhilippe Pelletier, Elisée Reclus, géographie et anarchie, Paris, Editions du monde Libertaire, 2009.\nSarrazin, Hélène (1985). Élisée Reclus ou la passion du monde. Paris: La Découverte.\nSpringer, Simon (2012). \"Anarchism! What Geography Still Ought To Be\". Antipode. 44 (5): 1605–1624. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01034.x. ISSN 0066-4812.\nSpringer, Simon (2013). \"Anarchism and Geography: A Brief Genealogy of Anarchist Geographies\". Geography Compass. 7 (1): 46–60. doi:10.1111/gec3.12022. ISSN 1749-8198.", "Élisée Reclus, Research on Anarchism\nBRUN, Christophe, Élisée Reclus, une chronologie familiale at the Wayback Machine (archived 2016-03-03)\n\"Élisée Reclus\". Anarchist Encyclopedia. Daily Bleed. Archived from the original on 2015-12-09.\nÉlisée Reclus entry at the Anarchy Archives\nSamuel Stephenson, \"Jacques Elisée Reclus (15 March 1830 – 4 July 1905)\", Reed College\nIngeborg Landuyt and Geert Lernout, \"Joyce's Sources: Les Grands Fleuves Historiques\", originally published in Joyce Studies, Annual 6 (1995): 99-138.\nÉlisée Reclus, \"An Anarchist on Anarchy\" (1884)\nWorks by Elisée Reclus at Project Gutenberg\nWorks by or about Élisée Reclus at Internet Archive" ]

[ "Élisée Reclus", "Biography", "Personal life", "Legacy", "Selected works", "Books", "Anthology", "Articles", "See also", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Th%C3%A9riault.png" ]

[ "Élisée Thériault (January 11, 1884 – July 30, 1958) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented L'Islet in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1916 to 1929 as a Liberal.\nHe was born in Saint-Alexandre-de-Kamouraska, Quebec, the son of Pierre Thériault and Marie-S. Saint-Pierre. Thériault was educated at the Collège de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière, the Collège de Lévis and the Université Laval. He was called to the Quebec bar in 1913 and set up practice in Quebec City. In 1914, he married Cécile Hamel. Thériault was named King's Counsel in 1924. He was a member of the municipal council for Quebec City from 1916 to 1918 and served as judicial counsel for the city of Quebec from 1918 to 1939. Thériault resigned his seat in the Quebec assembly after he was named to the Legislative Council of Quebec for Kennebec division.\nHe died in office in Quebec City at the age of 74 and was buried in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont at Sainte-Foy.", "\"Biography\". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec." ]

[ "Élisée Thériault", "References" ]

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[ "Elisa Beetz's signature", "", "" ]

[ 0, 4, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Signature_Elisa_Beetz.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Auguste_Rodin_-_Penseur.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" ]

[ "Élisa Beetz-Charpentier (1859 – 1949) was a French sculptor, medallist and painter. She studied sculpture at the Brussels Academy.", "Beetz-Charpentier was principally active as an artist from 1905 to 1924. Between 1910 et 1924, she showed at the Paris salon as a member of the Société nationale des beaux-arts, which she joined in 1905.\nIn 1909 she won a First Prize for \"a Plaquette commemorating the Centenary of the Paris Firm of Pleyel, in competition with several other medallists.\"\nIn 1918, she created Claude Debussy's funeral mask, which is now held in the Cité de la Musique, Paris. Seven of her medallion works are held in the Museé d'Orsay, Paris.\nAccording to the research of Polish heraldist Jerzy Michta published in 2017, the version of the coat of arms of Poland used since 1927, designed by artist Zygmunt Kamiński, was actually copied from a 1924 plaque by Elisa Beetz-Charpentier made in honor of Ignacy Paderewski.", "Her second husband was Alexandre Charpentier and the witnesses at their wedding in 1908 were Claude Debussy and Auguste Rodin. Charpentier died a year later, on March 4, 1909.", "(in German) Elisa Beetz-Charpentier. In: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. Die Bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker (AKL). Band 8, Saur, München u. a. 1993, ISBN 3-598-22748-5, S. 261", "Jeanne Élisa Henriette Beetz – Geni.com\n/professionnels/chercheurs/rech-rec-art-home/notice-artiste.html?nnumid=2686 Elisa Beetz-Charpentier. In: Musée d’Orsay\nWijnsouw, Jana (27 September 2017). National Identity and Nineteenth-Century Franco-Belgian Sculpture. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-77814-5.\n\"Union List of Artist Names\". www.getty.edu.\n\"Beetz-Charpentier, Élisa\". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00015204.\nForrer, Leonard (1923). Biographical dictionary of medallists: coin-, gem-, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, &c., ancient and modern, with references to their works : B. C. 500-A. Baldwin. ISBN 978-0-906919-10-1.\n\"Masque mortuaire de Claude Debussy - Elisabeth Beets-Charpentier\". Google Arts & Culture.\n\"Musée d'Orsay: Liste de résultats dans le catalogue des collections\". www.musee-orsay.fr.\nWiktor Ferfecki: Godło Polski jest plagiatem?. Rzeczpospolita, 29 October 2018.\nJana Wijnsouw: National Identity and Nineteenth-Century Franco-Belgian Sculpture. Routledge, 2017, ISBN 1-35177-814-5, S. 393.\nBelgique, Musées royaux des beaux-arts de (1961). Les plus beaux portraits de nos musées: exposition 22 janvier-19 fevrier 1961 (in French)." ]

[ "Élisa Beetz-Charpentier", "Work", "Personal life", "Sources", "References" ]

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[ "1854 print of the balloonist", "Poster for a balloon trial and parachute jump by Élisa, possibly in 1815", "Illustration from the publicity for the Madrid trial" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Elise_Garnerin.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Pour_la_f%C3%AAte_du_Roy%21_Par_%C3%89lisa_Garnerin.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Grabado_sobre_el_anuncio_del_salto_en_parac%C3%ADdas_de_Elisa_Garnerin_en_Madrid.jpg" ]

[ "Élisa Garnerin (1791-1853) was a French balloonist and parachutist. She was the niece of the pioneer parachutist André-Jacques Garnerin, and took advantage of his name and of the novelty of a woman performing what were at the time extremely daring feats. She was a determined businesswoman, and at times got into trouble with the police for the disturbance her performances caused, failure to pay all taxes due and failure to deliver all that her advertising had promised. She toured the provinces of France, Spain, Italy, and other parts of Europe, making 39 descents in all between 1815 and 1835.", "Élisa Garnerin was born in 1791.\nShe was the niece of André-Jacques Garnerin (1769-1823).\nHer uncle made his first parachute jump from a balloon in the Parc Monceau on 22 October 1797.\nHe was not the first to use a parachute, since Louis-Sébastien Lenormand had descended by parachute at Montpellier in 1783, but his jump from a balloon caused so much public excitement that from then on no great official festival was complete without a jump by Jacques Garnerin, the official aérostier des fêtes publiques.\nElisa was the daughter of Jacques Garnerin the elder, \"physician, author of several inventions, former government commissary to the armies\".\nHe had played a role in the French Revolution, and calumniated Marie Antoinette before the revolutionary tribunal.", "In August 1815 Élisa's father had the idea of profiting from the Garnerin name and giving Paris the new experience of a woman descending by means of a parachute.\nWith Napoleon finally defeated at Waterloo the people of Paris wanted festivals and distractions.\nBalloons were very popular at the time, with balloonists such as Étienne-Gaspard Robert, Jean Margat, and Sophie Blanchard, who died in 1819 during one of her brave ascents.\nThe publicity given to Élisa Garnerin was more effective than that of any of these rivals.\nIt included notices in the Moniteur, Journal de Paris, Constitutionnel and Quotidienne, posters on every wall and pamphlets distributed to the national guards and the municipal employees.\nElisa made an ascent on 20 September 1815 from the bowling green at the Jardin de Tivoli.\nSpectators included the King of Prussia and his son, the Prince Royal.\nThe wind was quite strong, and quickly carried away a small pilot balloon.\nHowever, Elisa climbed into the car and to the applause of the audience rose rapidly.\nAfter eleven and a half minutes she left the balloon with her parachute, and descended majestically for over five minutes, landing safely near Meudon.\nOn 2 May 1816 Elisa made an ascent on a calm day with a wind from the southeast. She crossed the Seine, left the car and parachuted down to the Bois de Boulogne. \nThe balloon continued to rise and was carried away towards the plain of Montrouge.\nElisa and her sister were invited to perform for the Fête of Saint Louis on 25 August 1816.\nIt was announced that while the sisters ascended Elisa would play the harp and sing verses in honour of the King and his family.\nThe women tried three times, but the balloon would not rise and the crowd became angry.\nElisa went up alone, and after 15 minutes came down near the Bois de Boulogne.\nMadame Blanchard also performed at this fete, and was applauded by the masses as she rose in her balloon from the Champ de Mars.\nOn 15 September 1816 Élisa was to jump at the Champ de Mars in front of a large crowd.\nThe ascent was preceded by a horse race. \nÉlisa was accompanied by her sister Eugénie, who was jumping for the first time.\nA trial balloon was launched at 5:00 p.m. to determine the wind direction, and at 5:30 the two sisters climbed into the basket.\nThe line was cut and the balloon rose a few feet, but then came down again, almost touching some spectators.\nÉlisa got out and the lightened balloon carried Eugénie south towards the Bois de Boulogne.\nIt almost touched ground near the Porte Maillot, and Eugénie was about to get out when it rose again.\nOver the Plaine de Monceau Eugénie detached the parachute from the basket and came down to earth easily, while the balloon was lost in the sky.\nAround 6:00 Eugénie was brought back in triumph to the École Militaire, where she was applauded by the spectators. \nThe festival was over.", "The family constantly complained about the shares of the proceeds that was given to the poor and to the Royal Academy of Music.\nJacques Garnerin was caught more than once trying to hide part of the proceeds to avoid these shares.\nÉlisa Garnerin tried many projects that did not succeed.\nShe always met hostility from the Paris police.\nThey disliked the crowds drawn by the balloon festivals, which took considerable effort to control. \nThe crowds ransacked the vegetable gardens which surrounded the Champ de Mars at that time, causing many complaints. \nThe police had a strong card in the deposition by Élisa's father against Marie Antoinette, despite the many protestations of loyalty to the monarchy by father and daughter, and used this as an excuse to refuse permission for further exhibitions in the capital.", "For more than five year Élisa gave demonstrations in the provinces and abroad.\nIn September 1817 she appeared in Rouen, in February 1818 in Bordeaux, in April 1818 in Madrid, in September 1819 in Orléans, in September 1821 in Grenoble, in June 1821 in Marseille and in June 1822 in Lyon.\nThe show in Madrid was a fiasco.\nThere was the usual storm of publicity, then the event was postponed from 19 April to 23 April, then to 3 May and finally to 11 May.\nOn that day there was a huge crowd. The king and queen were to attend and the event was fixed for 5:00 p.m.\nAt the last minute handwritten posters announced that the experiment could not take place.\nÉlisa and her father were taken to prison for their own protection, and left that night to return to France.\nThey reimbursed the price of the seats, but kept the subscription money.\nÉlisa's 28 June 1818 ascent at Bordeaux was made despite a strong wind.\nAs she rose, waving a white flag, the balloon was quickly carried southward towards the harbour.\nElisa separated from the balloon with her parachute, but a cross-current carried it into the middle of the river, where she was set down.\nTwo boats were ready, and brought her back to safety.\nThe account said she was terrified by the time the boats arrived.\nIn fact she had attached a float to the parachute so she could descend safely into the Garonne.\nÉlisa performed at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), where the German lady balloonist Wilhelmina Reichard also made an ascent, disappeared from sight and eventually landed near Cologne.\nÉlisa rented chairs and sold seats in the balloon basket to the more daring.\nHowever, she hurt herself in a fall from the basket.\nThe balloon flew off and was retrieved at Stuttgart.\nBy May 1819 she had made 14 parachute descents despite the protests of her uncle, who felt his reputation was being usurped.\nIn September 1819 Élisa announced that a magnificent fete would be held at the old burial ground in Orléans featuring the ascent of a balloon to 1,000 feet (300 m).\nShe did not provide the promised wonders, was reported to the magistrates and was taken \"to a vile prison, where she will be brought before the Tribunal of Correctional Police!\"", "As she gained experience Élisa made continued improvements to the parachute, increasing its size and strength and greatly reducing its weight.\nIn Grenoble she had the descent undertaken by a 12-year-old girl.\nIn May 1819 Élisa was temporarily back in Paris, where she proposed to attempt a balloon ascent and parachute descent with a perfected balloon in the shape of a fish, which would somehow give it the ability to \"move forward\".\nShe asked for a subsidy of 15,000 francs.\nThe Minister said this was insane.\nIn April 1820 Élisa proposed a huge project combining horses races with balloon trials, but apparently received no official response.\nAt the end of 1821 she proposed a \"Royal Agricultural Show and Royal French Races\". This was rejected, and Elisa was refused permission to use the Champ de Mars for a spectacle similar to that of September 1816.\nShe tried again in December 1822 and February 1823, and finally in July 1823 was allowed to use the Champ de Mars again.", "Élisa now spent five years in Italy.\nShe was in Milan in 1824 and 1825, where she was seen by \"The Imperial Majesty of Austria and all the sovereigns of Italy.\"\nShe appeared in Verona and Venice, where for her 28th descent she parachuted down to the lagoon, using the float she had invented.\nShe was in Turin in 1827 and returned to Paris in 1828, where she organized horse races combined with gymnastic, equestrian, and balloon exercises.\nFor eight years she toured through Europe.\nBack in Paris, on 22 May 1835 she executed her 39th and last parachute descent at the Champ de Mars.\nÉlisa Garnerin died in Paris in April 1853.", "In September 1815 Private William Wheeler of the 51st Kings Own Regiment was camped on the outskirts of Paris, where he was stationed following the Battle of Waterloo, when he wrote the following in a letter home dated 23 September 1815.\n\"We have nearly had a serious row with the Hanovarian brigade belonging to our division, the following was the cause. A lady having ascended in a balloon at Paris, it came in the direction of our camp. When the Balloon was over the Bois de Bologne the lady detached herself from the Balloon and descended in a parachute in admirable stile, the balloon pitched near us and all hands flew to the spot, when a general scramble took place and in a short time it was torn to rags. A battle royal instantly took place between the British and Hanoverians. Some of the latter ran to their camp and seized their arms, but fortunately the row was stopped without any serious mischeif.\"", "One source dates the Madrid experience to April 1820. However, in June 1818 Élisa published a \"Copy of the letter addressed to His Excellency the French ambassador to the Spanish court, by Mlle Elisa Garnerin, published to confound the slanders spread against her on the occasion of her experience in Madrid\". \nElisa Garnerin (1791-1853) – BnF.\nCaron & Gével 1912, p. 434.\nCaron & Gével 1912, p. 435.\nKotar & Gessler 2010, p. 81.\nKotar & Gessler 2010, p. 82.\nCaron & Gével 1912, p. 436.\nCaron & Gével 1912, p. 437.\nCaron & Gével 1912, p. 438.\nGarnerin 1818.\nCaron & Gével 1912, p. 439.\nSoroka 2017, PT192.\nKotar & Gessler 2010, p. 85.", "Caron, P.; Gével, Cl. (January 1912), Yung, Eugène; Alglave, Emile (eds.), \"Mademoiselle Élisa Garnerin Aéronaute\", La Revue politique et littéraire : Revue des cours littéraires, Paris: Germer Baillière, retrieved 2017-11-19\nElisa Garnerin (1791-1853) (in French), BnF: Bibliotheque nationale de France, retrieved 2017-11-19\nGarnerin, Elisa (3 June 1818), Copie de la lettre adressée à S. Exc. l'ambassadeur de France près la cour d'Espagne, par Mlle Élisa Garnerin, publiée pour confondre les calomnies répandues contre elle à l'occasion de son expérience à Madrid, impr. de P. Coudert, p. 4\nKotar, S.L.; Gessler, J.E. (2010-12-20), Ballooning: A History, 1782-1900, McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-4941-5, retrieved 2017-11-19\nSoroka, Marina (2017-03-27), The Summer Capitals of Europe, 1814-1919, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-1-351-81347-1, retrieved 2017-11-19" ]

[ "Élisa Garnerin", "Family", "First parachute jumps", "Difficulties with the police", "The provinces and Madrid", "Innovations", "Last years", "Eye Witness", "Notes", "Sources" ]

[ 4332, 4333, 4334 ]

[ 20066, 20067, 20068, 20069, 20070, 20071, 20072, 20073, 20074, 20075, 20076, 20077, 20078, 20079, 20080, 20081, 20082, 20083, 20084, 20085, 20086, 20087, 20088, 20089, 20090, 20091, 20092 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Elisa_Servier_2013.jpg" ]

[ "Élisa Servier is a French actor.", "After a childhood spent in the countryside, near Paris, Elisa Servier debuted at the cinema in 1973, at the age of 18, in a comedy,  Le Chaud Lapin, by Pascal Thomas. She reports being raped during that film.\nShe appeared in the feature film with Bernard Ménez and Daniel Ceccaldi.  In 1978, she met Daniel Ceccaldi, as well as Pascal Thomas, who directed Confidences for Confidences, the story of a generation of women throughout the history of the three young sisters, suburbanites who became Parisian in the 1960s. She worked for seven years as a model, in Paris, Milan, Hamburg and New York.\nShe spent three years in comedy classes at Florent with Francis Huster, and in 1980, toured with David Hamilton in Tendres Cousines. She followed the same year with her first play, Le Garçon d'appartement, by Gérard Lauzier, directed by Daniel Auteuil at Petit-Marigny. In 1981, she played in Le Divan, by Remo Forlani, at the La Bruyère theater, alongside Roger Pierre and Isabelle Mergault, and under the direction of Pierre Mondy. Subsequently, she appeared in a hundred films and TV movies, including the great summer sagas of TF1 Wind of the harvest and Summer storms, by Jean Sagols, with Annie Girardot and Gerard Klein. She thus marks her presence at Central Nuit, alongside Michel Creton and Nestor Burma, Léo Mallet, where she played the role of Commissioner Niel against Guy Marchand.\nElisa Servier is also the mother of two children: a first boy, Julien Nakache, born on 29 March 1985 and a daughter, Manon Niego, born on 16 December 1993.\nOn the big screen, she appeared in We are not angels ... them either, by Michel Lang, where she plays the little sister of Sabine Azema, and in Pour bricks, you have nothing more .. ., of Édouard Molinaro, with Gérard Jugnot and Daniel Auteuil, with whom she appears again in A few days with me of Claude Sautet, in 1988. In 2010, she played in the comedy with Bienvenue aboard, by Eric Lavaine, alongside Valérie Lemercier, Franck Dubosc and Gérard Darmon. In 2013, along with Jean-Pierre Darroussin, Marc Lavoine, Bernard Campan and Eric Elmosnino, she played Sophie, in The Heart of Men 3, directed by Marc Esposito.", "", "1974 : Le Chaud Lapin, de Pascal Thomas : Nathalie\n1979 : Confidences pour confidences, de Pascal Thomas : Florence\n1980 : Tendres Cousines, de David Hamilton : Claire\n1981 : On n'est pas des anges... elles non plus, de Michel Lang : Alicia\n1982 : Pour cent briques, t'as plus rien..., d'Édouard Molinaro : Caroline\n1983 : L'Été de nos quinze ans, de Marcel Jullian : Maud\n1984 : Le Garde du corps, de François Leterrier : Catherine\n1984 : Partenaires, de Claude d'Anna : Marie-Lou Pasquier\n1988 : Quelques jours avec moi de Claude Sautet : Lucie\n1997 : Bruits d'amour, de Jacques Otmezguine : Caro\n1998 : Nous sommes tous des gagnants, de Claude Dray (court-métrage)\n1999 : Peut-être, de Cédric Klapisch : la mère réveillon\n2011 : Bienvenue à bord d'Éric Lavaine : Caroline Berthelot\n2013 : Le Cœur des hommes 3 de Marc Esposito : Sophie", "1979 : La Fabrique, un conte de Noël, de Pascal Thomas (Téléfilm)\n1981 : Au théâtre ce soir : Mort ou vif de Max Régnier, mise en scène Christian Duroc, réalisation Pierre Sabbagh, théâtre Marigny : Michèle Martineau\n1982 : Le Divan (téléfilm) : Dorothée\n1987 : Chahut-bahut, de Jean Sagols (série télévisée)\n1988 : Le Vent des moissons, de Jean Sagols (série télévisée) : Sylvie Leclerc\n1988 : Loft Story, de Stéphane Bertin et Boramy Tioulong (série télévisée)\n1988 : Anges et loups, de Boramy Tioulong (série télévisée) : Camille\n1989 : L'Agence, de Jean Sagols (série télévisée)\n1989 : Orages d'été, de Jean Sagols (série télévisée) : Martine\n1990 : Orages d'été, avis de tempête, de Jean Sagols (série télévisée) : Martine\n1991 : Duplex (téléfilm) : Liza\n1992 : Quand épousez-vous ma femme ?, de Daniel Colas (téléfilm) : Nadette\n1993 : Martineau... et le portrait de femme, de Daniel Moosmann (téléfilm) : Catherine Trigou\n1993 : Regarde-moi quand je te quitte, de Philippe de Broca (téléfilm) : Angélique\n1993 : Pris au piège, de Michel Favart (téléfilm) : Le juge d'instruction\n1993 : Les Grandes Marées, de Jean Sagols (série télévisée) : Brigitte Maréchal\n1993 : Les Noces de carton, de Pierre Sisser (téléfilm) : Samantha\n1995 : La Rose noire, Jean Sagols (téléfilm) : Lily Lagarde\n1995 : Carreau d'as, de Laurent Carcélès (téléfilm) : Ginny\n1995 : Des mots qui déchirent, de Marco Pauly (téléfilm) : Martine Lachatre\n1996 : La Guerre des poux, de Jean-Luc Trotignon (téléfilm) : Martine\n1997 : Bonjour Antoine, de Radu Mihaileanu (téléfilm) : Mme Lacroix\n1998 : Mauvaises affaires, de Jean-Louis Bertuccelli (téléfilm) : Hélène\n1998 : La Dernière des romantiques, de Joyce Buñuel (téléfilm) : Sophie\n1998 - 2000 : Cap des Pins, d'Emmanuelle Dubergey, Bernard Dumont, Emmanuel Fonlladosa, Pascal Heylbroeck et Dominique Masson (série télévisée) : Isabelle Mori\n1999 : Madame le Proviseur, de Jean-Marc Seban (série télévisée) : Marianne\n1999 : Maître Da Costa, de Nicolas Ribowski et Jean-Louis Bertuccelli (série télévisée) : Carine Moulin\n1999 : Revient le jour, de Jean-Louis Lorenzi (téléfilm) : Rose-Marie Rénal\n2000 : Affaires familiales (série télévisée) : La présidente Irène Jaffry\n2000 - 2003 : Nestor Burma, de Jacob Berger (série télévisée) : Commissaire Niel\n2001 - 2008 : Central nuit, de Pascale Dallet et Franck Vestiel (série télévisée) : Martine Davrat\n2003 : Impair et Père, de Jean-Luc Moreau (téléfilm) : Sophie Paillard\n2003 : L'Instit, de Jean Sagols (série télévisée) : Françoise\n2005 : Faites comme chez vous !, de Pascal Heylbroeck (série télévisée) : Viviane Bernardy\n2006 : Une juge sous influence, de Jean-Louis Bertuccelli (téléfilm) : Valérie Léoni\n2006 : Louis Page, d'Antoine Lorenzi (série télévisée) : Sonia\n2006 : Capitaine Casta : Amélie a disparu, de Joyce Buñuel (téléfilm) : Françoise Casta\n2007 : Julie Lescaut (série télévisée) : Isabelle Gaudel\n2008 : Les belles-sœurs (téléfilm) : Christelle\n2009 : Profilage (série télévisée) : Régine\n2010 : Camping Paradis (série télévisée - saison 2, épisode 3) : Mme Bellegarde\n2010 : Joséphine, ange gardien (série télévisée) : Corinne Durieu\n2011 : Le Grand Restaurant II, de Gérard Pullicino (téléfilm)\n2013 : Enquêtes réservées (série télévisée)\n2016 : Camping Paradis (saison 7, épisode 5) : Sylvie\n2018 : Commissaire Magellan (série) : Crossover Mongeville et Magellan (épisode Un amour de jeunesse) : Delphine", "1980 : Le Garçon d'appartement de Gérard Lauzier, mise en scène Daniel Auteuil, Petit Marigny\n1981 : Le Divan de Remo Forlani, mise en scène Max Douy, théâtre La Bruyère\n1984 : On m'appelle Émilie de Maria Pacôme, mise en scène Jean-Luc Moreau, théâtre Saint-Georges\n1991 : Quand épousez-vous ma femme ? de Jean-Bernard Luc et Jean-Pierre Conty, mise en scène Daniel Colas\n1996 : Panique au Plazza, de Ray Cooney, mise en scène Pierre Mondy, théâtre Marigny\n2001 : Impair et Père de Ray Cooney, mise en scène Jean-Luc Moreau, théâtre de la Michodière\n2004 : Lune de miel de Noël Coward, mise en scène Bernard Murat, théâtre Édouard VII\n2005 : Amitiés sincères de François Prévôt-Leygonie et Stephan Archinard, mise en scène Bernard Murat, théâtre Édouard VII\n2007 : Les Belles-sœurs d'Éric Assous, mise en scène Jean-Luc Moreau, théâtre Saint-Georges\n2008-2009 : Secret de famille d'Éric Assous, mise en scène Jean-Luc Moreau, théâtre des Variétés, tournée\n2010 : Le Technicien d'Éric Assous, mise en scène Jean-Luc Moreau, théâtre du Palais-Royal\n2011 : Une journée ordinaire d'Éric Assous, mise en scène Jean-Luc Moreau, théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens\n2011 : Le Coup de la cigogne de Jean-Claude Isler, mise en scène Jean-Luc Moreau, théâtre Saint-Georges\n2013 : Une journée ordinaire d'Éric Assous, mise en scène Jean-Luc Moreau, tournée\n2017 - 2018 : Au revoir... et merci! de Bruno Druart, mise en scène Didier Brengarth, tournée", "\"Elisa Servier, violée à 18 ans : L'actrice sort de son silence\" (in French). Retrieved 2018-05-08.\nDH.be. \"Elisa Servier : \"Le premier film que j'ai fait, je me suis fait violer\"\" (in French). Retrieved 2018-05-08.\n\"La comédienne Elisa Servier a été violée sur un tournage à l'âge de 18 ans\". programme-tv.net.\n\"Élisa Servier affirme avoir été violée par un acteur\". 24matins.fr (in French). 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2018-05-08.\n\"Élisa Servier retrouve Mongeville et Magellan, \" ses amours de jeunesse \"\". Ouest-France.fr (in French). Retrieved 2018-05-08.", "Official website\nÉlisa Servier at IMDb\nhttp://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-26395/filmographie/\nhttp://www.purepeople.com/media/la-comedienne-elisa-servier-et-son_m209749\n This article incorporates text available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license." ]

[ "Élisa Servier", "Life", "Filmography", "Film", "Television", "Theater", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Alexandrine by Jean-Marc Nattier.", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Mademoiselle_de_Sens_wearing_Fleur-de-lis_by_a_member_of_the_school_of_Nattier.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Signature_of_Elisabeth_Alexandrine_de_Bourbon%2C_1753.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon (Élisabeth Thérèse Alexandrine; 5 September 1705 – 15 April 1765) was a French princess of the blood and a daughter of Louis III, Prince of Condé. Her father was the grandson of the Grand Condé and her mother, Madame la Duchesse was the eldest surviving daughter of Louis XIV of France and his Maîtresse-en-titre, Madame de Montespan.", "", "Élisabeth Alexandrine was born in Paris in 1705, as was one of nine children and her parents' youngest daughter. Named in honour of her older sister Louise Élisabeth and her uncle Louis Alexandre de Bourbon (Count of Toulouse), she was known by her second name of Alexandrine.\nFrom birth, she was known at court as Mademoiselle de Gex but would later take on the courtesy title of Mademoiselle de Sens. She was known as Mlle de Sens most of her life. As a princesse du sang, Alexandrine was addressed with the style of Her Serene Highness.\nLike most of her sisters, she would never marry. She was considered as a possible bride for her older cousin, Louis d'Orléans, but her aunt, the proud Duchess of Orléans, wanted a more prestigious bride for her son. In 1725, she as well as her sister Henriette-Louise was among the women suggested by her brother, the then Prime minister, as queen of France by marriage to Louis XV. She was one of the final four seriously considered candidates when the original list of 99 princesses was first reduced to seventeen and then to four, leaving her and her sister alongside Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange and Princess Amelia of Great Britain as the final alternatives - and when the two British princesses was removed from the list because of religious issues, she and her sister was the only two remaining candidates. Her brother the Prime minister finally recommended her sister Henriette before her, because he considered Henriette to be more attractive than Alexandrine. In the end, her sister was also refused and Marie Leszczyńska, one the candidates removed when the list was reduced to 17, was chosen instead.", "Élisabeth Alexandrine was never to play a very prominent political role. She was, however, a great friend of the king's mistress, the famous Madame de Pompadour, who had been introduced at court by Alexandrine's older sister and namesake, Louise Élisabeth.\nLike her older sister, Louise Anne, she owned much land and many private residences outside of the capital. In 1734, she bought the Hôtel de Noirmoutier on the rue de Grenelles in Paris. She also bought much land surrounding the hôtel and considerably enlarged the property. In 1744, she bought the estates and lordships of Villegénis and Igny. She remodelled the château de Villegénis in 1755. The cost of the remodelling was 430,000 livres. To raise that sum, she sold the estate and seigneurie of Vallery, the traditional burial place of the Condé family, to M. and Mme. de Launay, for 280,000 livres. François Desportes, painter of the king's hunts, supplied large canvases for the appartements.\nBy the time of her death, she had accumulated a large fortune from the old pensions originally assigned to her cousin, Mademoiselle du Maine (1707–1743), the daughter of Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine and his wife, the famous salon hostess Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon. Élisabeth Alexandrine died in Paris. Her nephew, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, was her heir. She was buried at the Carmelite Convent of the Faubourg Saint-Jacques in Paris.", "", "Edmond et Jules de Goncourt: La duchesse de Châteauroux et ses soeurs, Paris, 1906\nGenealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 44." ]

[ "Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon", "Biography", "Early life", "Adult life", "Ancestry", "References" ]

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[ "Borne in 2017" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Informal_meeting_of_energy_and_transport_ministers_%28TTE%29._Arrivals%2C_transport_ministers_Elisabeth_Borne_%2837190062412%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Borne ([elizabɛt bɔʁn]; born 18 April 1961) is a French politician who has served as Prime Minister of France since May 2022.\nA civil engineer, government official and manager of state enterprises in the transport and construction sectors, Borne previously served as minister of transport (2017–2019) and minister of ecology (2019–2020). She was then minister of labour, employment and integration in the Castex government from 2020 to 2022. On 16 May 2022, President Emmanuel Macron appointed her as the next Prime Minister of France, following Castex's resignation as it is the tradition following the presidential elections in France. Borne is the second woman to hold the position after Édith Cresson, who served from 1991 to 1992. She is a member of both Macron's party Renaissance and of the centre-left party Territories of Progress.", "Borne was born in Paris on 18 April 1961. Her French mother, Marguerite Lecèsne, was a pharmacist. Her father, Joseph Bornstein, son of Zelig Bornstein from Łuków (formerly Congress Poland), was a stateless Jewish refugee who was born in Belgium, then fled to France at the outset of the Second World War; he was active in the French Resistance, and was deported, but survived the Auschwitz concentration camp and death march. He was naturalised as French in 1950 and changed the family name to \"Borne\". Her parents ran a pharmaceutical laboratory after the war. Her father's death when she was 11 years old resulted in Borne receiving \"Ward of the Nation\" education benefits, which the state granted to minors who had a parent injured or killed during a war, a terrorist attack or while rendering certain public services.\nBorne attended high school at Lycée Janson-de-Sailly in Paris. Later, she entered the École Polytechnique (class of 1981). In 1986, she obtained her Diplôme d'Ingénieur in civil engineering from the École nationale des ponts et chaussées (National School of Road and Bridge Engineering) and one year later a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the Collège des Ingénieurs.", "Borne joined the civil service as a government official at the French planning and works ministry (ministère de l'Equipement) in 1987. In the early 1990s, she was an advisor in the ministry of education under Lionel Jospin and Jack Lang (both members of the Socialist Party). From 1993 to 1996 she worked as a technical director for the public housing company Sonacotra. In 1997, prime minister Jospin appointed her as his advisor for urban planning, housing and transport.\nIn 2002, Borne became a strategy director and member of the executive committee at the state-owned railway company SNCF, before joining the public works construction company Eiffage as concessions manager in 2007. She worked as director of urban planning for the City of Paris under mayor Bertrand Delanoë from 2008 until 2013. \nIn 2013 Borne was appointed Prefect of the department Vienne and the region of Poitou-Charentes, the first woman to occupy that position. At that time, Socialist politician Ségolène Royal was president of the regional council of Poitou-Charentes. When Royal became Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy in 2014, she appointed Borne as her chief of staff (directrice de cabinet). Borne subsequently was the President and CEO of RATP Group, a state-owned enterprise which operates public transport in Greater Paris, from 2015 to 2017.", "For a long time Borne was close to the Socialist Party (PS), but without formally joining the party. After Emmanuel Macron's victory in the 2017 French presidential election, she joined La République En Marche! (LREM).\nBorne served as minister-delegate of transport in the first and second Philippe government from May 2017 to July 2019. During her time in office, she held out against weeks of strikes and demonstrations in 2017 to end a generous pension and benefits system for SNCF railway workers. After the resignation of ecology minister François de Rugy in 2019, Borne was promoted to head the ministry of the ecological and inclusive transition. In that capacity, she led efforts to pass a long-term energy planning bill aimed at increasing security of supply and a clean mobility bill committing the country to reaching carbon neutrality in the transport sector by 2050.\nIn 2019, Borne opposed France's ratification of the European Union–Mercosur free trade agreement. \nSince 2020 Borne has additionally been a member of Territories of Progress, a centre-left party allied with LREM.", "In July 2020, Borne was appointed minister of labour, employment and economic inclusion in the government of prime minister Jean Castex, succeeding Muriel Pénicaud. In that capacity, she oversaw negotiations with unions that resulted in a cut to unemployment benefits for some job seekers. During her time in office, France's unemployment rate fell to its lowest level in 15 years and youth unemployment to its lowest level in 40 years.", "On 16 May 2022, Borne was appointed Prime Minister of France, succeeding Castex three weeks after the re-election of Macron for a second term as President of the French Republic. After Édith Cresson in 1991–1992, she is the second woman only to hold the position. She is also the second of Macron's prime ministers to be a member of his centrist party, after Castex.\nBorne was a candidate for Renaissance (formerly known as La République En Marche!) in the 2022 French legislative election in Calvados's 6th constituency in the Normandy region in northwestern France. While remaining a candidate, under the dual mandate (cumuls des mandats) law she was not allowed to take up the position after she won the election, and was be replaced by her designated alternate. She called on voters to support Macron's coalition, Ensemble Citoyens, saying it is the only group \"capable of getting [a parliamentary] majority\". After the first round, in relation to contests between left-wing and far-right candidates, she said: \"Our position is no voice for the RN.\" At the same time, she expressed support only for left-wing candidates who in her view respect republican values. She was elected to Parliament in the second round. Borne offered her resignation as prime minister after the results of the second round, but was rejected by Macron, who instead tasked her to form a new cabinet.\nFollowing a cabinet reshuffle prompted by the 2022 legislative elections, Borne comfortably survived a motion of no-confidence brought against her by MPs of the New Ecologic and Social People's Union (NUPES), a broad alliance of left-wing opponents.", "Borne was admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in March 2021 and was administered oxygen.\nBorne married Olivier Allix, a lecturer and also an engineer, on 30 June 1989 with whom she later had a son, Nathan. The couple has since divorced.", "", "Borne government", "\"Gouvernement Castex en direct : Darmanin nommé ministre de l'intérieur, Dupond-Moretti garde des sceaux et Bachelot à la culture\". Le Monde.fr (in French). 6 July 2020. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.\n\"Élisabeth Borne va être nommée Première ministre\". INFO BFMTV. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.\n\"Élisabeth Borne becomes France's first female prime minister in 30 years\". The Guardian. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.\nSage, Adam (17 May 2022). \"Elisabeth Borne: France's first female prime minister for 30 years seeks unity\". The Times. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.\nBeaucarnot, Jean-Louis (2022). \"Élisabeth Borne: La Rhinaquintine et le bon beurre normand\". Le Tout-Politique 2022. L'archipel.\nWattenberg, Frida (5 October 2010). \"Joseph Bornstein, dit Borne\". Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Date de naissance: 02/05/1924 (Anvers (Belgique))\nKlein, Zvika (17 May 2022). \"What are the Jewish roots of France's newest prime minister?\". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.\nBloch, Ben (17 May 2022). \"France's new prime minister is the daughter of a Holocaust survivor and French Resistance hero\". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.\n\"Elisabeth Borne\". Who's Who in France. 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2022.\nPhilippe Jacqué, Cédric Pietralunga and Isabelle Chaperon (March 24, 2015), RATP : Elisabeth Borne devrait remplacer Pierre Mongin Archived 8 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine Le Monde, April 24, 2014.\n\"Elisabeth Borne, la nouvelle ministre de la Transition écologique, a été préfète de la région Poitou-Charente\". France Bleu (in French). 17 July 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.\nLa préfète de Poitou-Charentes nommée directrice de cabinet de Ségolène Royal Archived 8 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine Le Monde, April 24, 2014.\nDominique Albertini and Franck Bouaziz (January 8, 2018) Transports : Elisabeth Borne, lasse du volant ? Archived 29 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Libération.\n\"L'ancienne préfète de Poitou-Charentes Élisabeth Borne nommée ministre déléguée aux transports – 17/05/2017 – La Nouvelle République Vienne\" (in French). Orig.lanouvellerepublique.fr. 13 May 2017. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.\n\"Elisabeth Borne passe de la RATP au ministère des Transports\". Bfmbusiness.bfmtv.com. 9 December 2016. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.\n\"Élisabeth Borne, ministre des transports, 56 ans\". La Croix. 17 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.\nElizabeth Pineau and Dominique Vidalon (16 May 2022), France's Macron picks Elisabeth Borne as new prime minister Archived 17 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.\nLouise Guillot (23 May 2022), Macron’s new (not so) green team Politico Europe.\nBenoit Van Overstraeten (October 8, 2019), France will not sign Mercosur deal under current conditions: minister Borne Archived 16 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.\nJean-Rémi Baudot (20 September 2020). \"Avec le mouvement \"Territoires de progrès\", Emmanuel Macron travaille son aile gauche\". Europe 1. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.\n\"Élisabeth Borne\". Gouvernement.fr (in French). 20 March 2018. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.\n\"Government hails 'great French victory' as unemployment falls to 13-year low\". Radio France Internationale. 18 February 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.\n\"Who is France's new Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne?\". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.\n\"French unemployment slips to 14-year low in first quarter of 2022\". Radio France Internationale. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.\nAngelique Chrisafis (16 May 2022), Élisabeth Borne: a long-serving technocrat and ‘woman of the left’ Archived 18 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian.\n\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.\nCaulcutt, Clea (12 June 2022). \"French far-left firebrand puts Macron's majority on the line in parliamentary vote\". Politico Europe. Retrieved 15 June 2022.\n\"Législatives 2022 en direct – Le Pen vise 100 députés RN, Mélenchon agite le spectre de la TVA sociale, Macron appelle 'au sursaut républicain' : la journée du 14 juin\". Le Monde (in French). 14 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022. La majorité sortante a eu des difficultés à préciser sa position en cas de duel au deuxième tour entre la Nupes et le RN. La première ministre, Elisabeth Borne, a fini par déclarer lundi : 'Notre position, c'est aucune voix pour le RN.' 'Et pour la Nupes, si on a affaire à un candidat qui ne respecte pas les valeurs républicaines, qui insulte nos policiers, qui demande de ne plus soutenir l'Ukraine, qui veut sortir de l'Europe, alors nous n'allons pas voter pour lui', a poursuivi Mme Borne, qui est arrivée en tête dans sa circonscription dans le Calvados.\n\"Elections législatives : la majorité appelle à ' ne jamais donner une voix à l'extrême droite' et soutiendra les candidats Nupes 'républicains'\". Le Monde (in French). 13 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.\n\"French legislative elections: PM Elisabeth Borne wins first-ever election in Normandy\". Le Monde.fr. 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.\n\"Macron rejects PM resignation after losing parliamentary majority\". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 4 July 2022.\n\"France's Macron asks Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne to propose new government\". France 24. 25 June 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.\nBenoit Van Overstraeten and Richard Lough (12 July 2022), France's Prime Minister survives no-confidence vote in parliament Reuters.\nAnelise Borges (11 July 2022). \"French prime minister survives no-confidence vote in parliament\". EuroNews.\nAngelique Chrisafis (16 May 2022), Élisabeth Borne: a long-serving technocrat and ‘woman of the left’ Archived 18 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian.\n\"Elisabeth Borne : qui est son ex-mari et père de son fils, Olivier Allix ?\". Femme Actuelle (in French). Retrieved 1 July 2022.\n\"Qui est le mari d'Elisabeth Borne, pressentie pour devenir Première ministre ?\". Ohmymag (in French). 28 April 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.\n\"Décret du 12 juillet 2013 portant promotion et nomination\". Légifrance (in French). Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2020.\n\"Décret du 14 novembre 2016 portant promotion et nomination\". Légifrance (in French). Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.\n\"Décret n° 2002-88 du 17 janvier 2002 relatif à l'ordre du Mérite maritime\". Légifrance (in French). Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.", "Élisabeth Borne on Gouvernement.fr" ]

[ "Élisabeth Borne", "Early life and education", "Career in the public sector", "Political career", "Minister of Labour, 2020–2022", "Prime Minister, 2022–present", "Personal life", "Honours", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Capitaine_Elisabeth_Boselli_devant_son_DH-100_Vampire.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Thérèse Marie Juliette Boselli (11 March 1914 – 25 November 2005), was a French military and civilian pilot. She was the first female fighter pilot to serve in the French Air Force, and held eight world records for distance, altitude and speed.", "Boselli was born in Paris on 11 March 1914. She studied at École des Sciences Politiques in Paris and graduated in 1935. While a student, she was involved in various humanitarian organizations, including the Red Cross. She became interested in aviation after attending an aviation conference with her brother. Initially she volunteered at air fields, working in hangars and on engines, until in January 1938 she obtained her private pilot's license. She purchased her own aircraft, a Leopoldoff, began training in aerobatics, and decided to earn her public pilot's license. However, World War II broke out and all civilian training was cancelled; Boselli's flight log from that period ends on 4 August 1939.\nIn 1944, a corps of female military pilots was formed and Boselli joined, with the rank of second lieutenant. She was trained in aerobatics and became a trainer herself. On February 12, 1946 she received her military pilot's license, becoming the first woman in France to do so. As the war had ended, however, female pilots were not needed and she was offered an administrative position instead. Boselli declined, and chose to return to civilian aviation. In May 1947 she began training as a glider pilot under Paul Lepanse at Beynes, obtaining her licence four months later. Boselli immediately began to enter competitions, setting a number of records. In 1951, Boselli visited the United States of America and met a pair of seaplane pilots who offered her the opportunity to fly a seaplane; she completed her training in 10 days and successfully achieved a seaplane pilot licence.\nBoselli returned to the military in 1952, joining a presentation squadron of aerobatic pilots based at Étampes called Patrouille de France. Boselli and the squadron performed in Monaco, Algeria and Spain, with Boselli as one of the solo performers. In 1957, she was offered an assignment in Algeria, which she accepted. She was based at Oued Hamimine, and flew military evacuations, transport missions and delivered supplies and mail to troops.\nBy the age of 45, she had accumulated 900 flight hours and 335 missions, and ceased flying. She spent the remainder of her career as an attaché-editor in the air navigation service until her retirement in 1969.\nIn her retirement, Boselli was president of the history committee of the Aero Club of France, and wrote her memoirs. Boselli died in Lyon on November 25, 2005 and is buried in Guillotière Cemetery.", "World women's altitude records for single glider: reached 5,300 m on December 22, 1947 and 5,600 m on April 6, 1948\nWorld altitude record for light aircraft: 5,791 m on May 21, 1949\nWorld women's speed record for closed-circuit jets: 746 km/h on January 26, 1955\nWorld women's distance record for closed-circuit jets: 1,840 km on February 21, 1955\nWorld record for distance in a straight line for jet aircraft: 2,331.22 km on March 1, 1955", "For her services to her country, she received the Legion of Honor, the Cross for Military Valour and the Aeronautical Medal. There is a street in Lyon named after Boselli. A parc near the Porte de Versailles in Paris is named after her. In 2013, a housing estate was built on a former airfield in Angers, and was named the Boselli neighbourhood.", "\"Elisabeth Boselli\". pics-aeronef.discutfree.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-01-23.\n\"Elisabeth BOSELLI\". www.janinetissot.fdaf.org. Retrieved 2017-01-23.\n\"Elisabeth BOSELLI\". www.vieillestiges.com. Retrieved 2017-01-23.\nGaëtan. \"Élisabeth BOSELLI - Biographie avionslegendaires.net\". avionslegendaires.net (in French). Retrieved 2017-01-23.\n\"AIR LANGUEDOC\". AIR LANGUEDOC. Retrieved 2017-01-23.\n\"Elisabeth BOSELLI\". www.vieillestiges.com. Retrieved 2017-01-24.\n\"Rue Elisabeth Boselli, Parentis-en-Born\". www.cartogiraffe.com. Retrieved 2017-01-24.\nSOURISSEAU, Yannick. \"Angers – Le quartier Boselli sur les pas des premiers aviateurs\". Angers Mag – information, actualités locales, politique, culture (in French). Retrieved 2017-01-24." ]

[ "Élisabeth Boselli", "Biography", "Records held", "Recognition", "References" ]

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[ "Bouscaren at Oberwolfach in 1988" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Bouscaren_elisabeth.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Bouscaren (born 1956) is a French mathematician who works on algebraic geometry, algebra and mathematical logic (model theory).", "Bouscaren received her doctorate in 1979 from the University of Paris VII and her habilitation in 1985. From 1981 she worked at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) until 2005, when she moved to the University of Paris XI. Since 2007, she has held the position of Research Director at CNRS.\nShe has been a visiting scholar at Yale University, the University of Notre Dame and MSRI, and has published a book on Ehud Hrushovski's proof of the Mordell-Lang conjecture.\nShe was an invited speaker in the logic session of the 2002 International Congress of Mathematicians.\nIn 2020, Bouscaren gave the Gödel Lecture, titled The ubiquity of configurations in Model Theory.", "Bouscaren, Elisabeth (2005), \"Model theory and geometry\", Logic Colloquium 2000, Lecture Notes in Logic, 19, Urbana, IL: Association for Symbolic Logic, pp. 3–31, MR 2143876\nBouscaren, E.; Delon, F. (2002), \"Groups definable in separably closed fields\", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 354 (3): 945–966, doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-01-02886-0, MR 1867366\nBouscaren, E.; Delon, F. (2002), \"Minimal groups in separably closed fields\", Journal of Symbolic Logic, 67 (1): 239–259, doi:10.2178/jsl/1190150042, MR 1889549\nBouscaren, Élisabeth (2002), \"Théorie des modèles et conjecture de Manin-Mumford (d'après Ehud Hrushovski)\" [Model theory and the Manin-Mumford conjecture (following Ehud Hrushovski)], Astérisque (in French) (276): 137–159, MR 1886759, Séminaire Bourbaki 1999/2000\nBouscaren, Elisabeth, ed. (1998), Model Theory and Algebraic Geometry: An introduction to E. Hrushovski's proof of the Geometric Mordell–Lang Conjecture, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1696, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68521-0, ISBN 3-540-64863-1, MR 1678586\nBouscaren, E.; Hrushovski, E. (1994), \"On one-based theories\", Journal of Symbolic Logic, 59 (2): 579–595, doi:10.2307/2275409, MR 1276634", "Birth year from BNF catalog entry, accessed 2018-10-08\n\"Elisabeth Bouscaren\". www.math.u-psud.fr. Retrieved 2018-10-08.\nICM Plenary and Invited Speakers, accessed 2018-10-08", "Homepage\nCV (pdf)" ]

[ "Élisabeth Bouscaren", "Education and career", "Selected publications", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/%C3%89lisabeth_Bruy%C3%A8re.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Bruyère or Bruguier (March 19, 1818 – April 5, 1876) was the founder of the Sisters of Charity of Bytown and opened the first hospital there and the first bilingual school in Ontario.", "She was born Élisabeth Bruguier in L'Assomption in Lower Canada in 1818. Daughter of Jean Baptiste Charles Bruguier (1763-1824) and Sophie Mercier. The Bruguier name was changed in 1824 when the family moved after the death of her father.\nIn 1839, she joined the Sisters of Charity of the Hôpital Général of Montreal, also known as the Grey Nuns. In 1845, she was asked to set up a community of the Sisters of Charity at Bytown. With three other Grey Nuns, she established Roman Catholic schools, hospitals and orphanages there. In 1854, the community in Bytown became independent of Montreal. Although the Sisters of Charity cared for people of every religious denomination during the typhus outbreak in 1847, a Protestant General Hospital, later the Ottawa Civic Hospital, was opened in 1850. The Sisters of Charity were also responsible from 1870 to 2001 of the school which became today the Collège Saint-Joseph de Hull in Gatineau, the city's girl school and one of two private secondary institutions. The community opened other houses in Ontario, Quebec and New York state. The hospital opened in Bytown later became the Ottawa General Hospital. The Sisters of Charity also established facilities for the aged, opening the St. Charles Old Age Hospice, later the Residence Saint-Louis.\nShe died in Ottawa on April 5, 1876.", "Bruyère Continuing Care, located on the former site of the Ottawa General hospital, is named after her. For over 150 years, the Sisters of Charity of Ottawa have been a cornerstone of health care in Ottawa.\nThe Ontario Heritage Trust erected a plaque for Elisabeth Bruyère 1818–1876 in front of the Chapel of the Sisters of Charity, 25 Bruyère Street, at Sussex Drive, Ottawa. \"Arriving in Ottawa in 1845 with three other Grey Nuns, Bruyère immediately began to establish schools, hospitals, and other institutions to aid the disadvantaged. By the time of her death, the Sisters of Charity of Ottawa had extended their services to other parts of Canada and to the United States.\"", "http://www.heritagefdn.on.ca/userfiles/HTML/nts_1_6792_1.htmlOntario Heritage Trust Elisabeth Bruyère 1818-1876 Archived 2012-04-03 at the Wayback Machine\nOntario Heritage Trust plaque\nhttps://www.bruyere.org/en/s-elisabeth-bruyere-hospital Official site\nBibliography\nCampbell, Vera (1988), Élisabeth Bruyère's great legacy, health care and education in Bytown. Bytown pamphlet series., Ottawa, Ontario: The Historical Society of Ottawa", "Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online\nSisters of Charity of Ottawa\nSCO Health Service" ]

[ "Élisabeth Bruyère", "Biography", "Legacy", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "", "Proxy marriage of the Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte by an unknown artist", "The Château de Commercy where she died in 1744" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gobert%2C_workshop_of_-_%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles%2C_MV3690.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Marriage_of_HRH_The_Duke_of_Lorraine_and_Mademoiselle_%28%C3%89lisabeth_Chartlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%29_celebrated_at_Fontainebleau_13_October_1698.png", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Ch%C3%A2teau_Stanislas_Commercy.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (13 September 1676 – 23 December 1744) was a petite-fille de France, and Duchess of Lorraine and Bar by marriage to Leopold, Duke of Lorraine. She was regent of Lorraine and Bar during the minority (1729–1730) and absence of her son (1730–1737), and suo jure Princess of Commercy 1737–1744. Among her children was Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, a co-founder (and patrilineal agnatic ancestor) of the royal House of Habsburg-Lorraine.", "", "Élisabeth Charlotte was born at the Château de Saint-Cloud outside Paris. She was the daughter of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, Monsieur, and of his second wife Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine, the daughter of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine. Her father was the only sibling of King Louis XIV of France. As a petite-fille de France, she was entitled to have the style of Her Royal Highness, as well as the right to an armchair in the presence of the King. At birth, she was given the style Mademoiselle de Chartres, taken from the name of one of her father's appanages. After the marriage of her two older half-sisters, Marie Louise and Anne Marie, born of the first marriage of their father to Henrietta of England, she was known as Madame Royale, according to her status as the highest-ranking unmarried princess in France.\nAs a child, Élisabeth-Charlotte was described by her mother as 'so terribly wild' and 'rough as a boy'. To her father's displeasure, she shared the frank opinions of her mother.", "Her mother wanted her to marry with the same level of prestige as that of her sisters. When her cousin's wife, the Dauphine, suggested she should marry the Dauphine's younger brother Joseph Clemens of Bavaria, Élisabeth Charlotte said, \"I am not made, madame, for a younger son.\"\nAs her mother despised the king's illegitimate children, the chances of such an alliance were remote; however, in 1692, to the 'horror' of the Duchess of Orléans, such a mismatch occurred when the Duke of Chartres married Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan.\nÉlisabeth's mother initially wanted her daughter to marry King William III of England, who was the widower of Queen Mary II of England, but, due to William being a Protestant, the marriage did not materialise.\nOther candidates considered were Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I; Joseph was highly regarded, and, had the marriage taken place, the union would have been a way of reconciling the Bourbons and their traditional rivals, the Habsburgs. Even her widowed first cousin Monseigneur, the Dauphin of France, was considered, as were his son, Louis de France, and another cousin, the legitimised Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine, eldest son of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. The latter, much to the relief of Madame did not occur as the Duke of Maine married Mademoiselle de Charolais in May 1692.\nÉlisabeth Charlotte was finally married on 13 October 1698 at the Palace of Fontainebleau to Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, son of Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, and of the Archduchess Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria.\nThe marriage was the result of the Treaty of Ryswick, one of its conditions being that the Duchy of Lorraine, which had been for many years in the possession of France, be restored to Leopold Joseph, a son of Charles V, Duke of Lorraine. Thus, Élisabeth Charlotte was but an instrument to cement the peace treaty. Her mother later said that her daughter \"was a victim of war\".", "The marriage was seen as a brilliant match by the House of Lorraine but was regarded by some as unworthy of a petite-fille de France. Despite this, the bride carried to the House of Lorraine a dowry of 900,000 livres. The jealousy of some members of the royal family prompted certain princesses to use as pretext the death of Louis Constantin de Bourbon, prince de Dombes (17 November 1695 – 28 September 1698), son of Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine, to attend the marriage ceremonies by proxy or in mourning clothes.\nAfter Élisabeth Charlotte's marriage, her niece Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans, born 13 August 1698, took the style of Mademoiselle de Chartres.\nTo everyone's surprise, what had been expected to be an unhappy union turned out to be a marriage of love and happiness. With the birth of her children, Élisabeth Charlotte showed great maternal instinct and a naturally caring character.\nThe marriage produced fourteen children, five of whom attained adulthood. Three of them died within a week in May 1711 due to a smallpox outbreak at the Château de Lunéville, the country seat of the dukes of Lorraine.\nÉlisabeth Charlotte was religiously intolerant and supported the persecution of non-Catholics. She persuaded her husband to issue many oppressive laws against Protestants and Jews. During this time over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in persecutions.\nIn 1708, after ten years of marriage her husband turned his attentions to another, Anne-Marguerite de Ligniville, princesse de Beauveau-Craon. Embarrassed, Élisabeth Charlotte, on her mother's advice, remained silent and continued to live in the Château de Lunéville with her husband and his mistress. During this time, Élisabeth Charlotte was herself ill, suffering from serious coughing, fainting, and fever. Ligniville remained the favourite of Duke Leopold Joseph until his death in 1729. Yet the spouses had five more children, one of whom would become the father of Queen Marie Antoinette.\nIn June 1701, her father died after having a heated argument with Louis XIV at Versailles about the Duke of Chartres. Her brother thus became the new Duke of Orléans and head of the House of Orléans. Her mother was left at the mercy of Louis XIV, who forbade her from visiting foreign soil. As a result, Élisabeth Charlotte was only able to see her mother when she went to Versailles. Despite this, Élisabeth Charlotte and her mother kept in contact through letters. Their correspondence was destroyed in a fire at the Château de Lunéville in 1719.\nOn the death of Louis XIV in 1715, her brother became the Regent of France for the five-year-old King Louis XV. In 1718, during a brief visit to the French court in Paris, her niece, the Dowager Duchess of Berry, gave a lavish reception in her honour at the Palais du Luxembourg, consisting of 132 hors-d'œuvres, 32 soups, 60 entrées, 130 hot entremets, 60 cold entremets, 72 plats ronds, 82 pigeons, 370 partridges and pheasants, and 126 sweetbreads. The dessert consisted of 100 baskets of fresh fruit, 94 baskets of dried fruit, 50 dishes of fruits glacés and 106 compotes.\nUpon leaving France, her husband was accorded the style of Royal Highness, usually reserved for members of foreign dynasties headed by a king.\nLouis XV's coronation at Reims Cathedral on 25 October 1722 was the only occasion on which Élisabeth Charlotte's youngest child, Anne Charlotte, would see her grandmother, who died a few weeks later on 8 December; Élisabeth Charlotte's brother died the following December, still ruling France as regent.", "Her husband died in 1729, leaving his wife Regent of Lorraine for their son, Duke Francis Stephen. He interrupted his education in Vienna to return home in 1730 for the investiture of his mother as regent, then returned to Austria.\nÉlisabeth Charlotte tried to engage her daughter Anne Charlotte to King Louis XV; this project failed due to the intrigues of Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon; Élisabeth Charlotte then tried to arrange the marriage of Anne Charlotte to her nephew Louis, Duke of Orléans, who had been recently widowed, but the devout duke chose not to remarry.", "Unable to prevent her son from giving up the duchy of Lorraine to Stanisław Leszczyński when he married the Habsburg heiress, Maria Theresa of Austria, Élisabeth Charlotte moved into the Château d'Haroué in nearby Commercy, which was erected into a sovereign principality for her to reign over during her dowager years.\nIn 1737, her daughter, Élisabeth Thérèse married Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia. Elisabetta Teresa, as she was known in Italy, died in childbirth in 1741 after giving birth to Élisabeth Charlotte's grandson, Benedetto, Duke of Chablais.\nOn 7 January 1744 her youngest son, Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, made a \"marriage of love\" with Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria, who died in childbirth on 16 December 1744.\nÉlisabeth Charlotte died of a stroke at the age of sixty-eight on 23 December 1744, one week after her daughter-in-law and grandchild. She was the last of her siblings to die and had outlived most of her children. Nine months after her death, her son Francis Stephen became Holy Roman Emperor.\nShe was buried in the funerary chapel of the Dukes of Lorraine in the Saint-François-des-Cordeliers church in Nancy.", "Élisabeth Charlotte authorised the construction of a hospital in the town of Bruyères.\nIn 1730, she offered to the church of Mattaincourt the wooden gilded shrine for the relics of Pierre Fourier, the former parish priest who had been beatified on 29 January 1730. The modern basilique Saint-Pierre-Fournier was built in 1853 on the site of the former church.\nIn 1696, the French author Charles Perrault dedicated Les Contes de ma mère l'Oye, (\"Tales of Mother Goose\") to Élisabeth Charlotte, who was then nineteen.", "Prince Léopold, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (26 August 1699 – 2 April 1700) died in infancy.\nÉlisabeth Charlotte of Lorraine (21 October 1700 – 4 May 1711) died of smallpox.\nLouise Christine of Lorraine (13 November 1701 – 18 November 1701) died in infancy.\nMarie Gabrièle Charlotte of Lorraine (30 December 1702 – 11 May 1711) died of smallpox.\nLouis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (28 January 1704 – 10 May 1711) died of smallpox.\nJoséphine Gabrièle of Lorraine (16 February 1705 – 25 March 1708) died in infancy.\nGabrièle Louise of Lorraine (4 March 1706 – 13 June 1710) died in infancy.\nLéopold Clément, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (25 April 1707 – 4 June 1723) died unmarried.\nFrancis I, Holy Roman Emperor (8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) married Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria and had issue.\nEléonore of Lorraine (4 June 1710 – 28 July 1710) died in infancy.\nElisabeth Therese of Lorraine (15 October 1711 – 3 July 1741) married Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia and had issue.\nPrince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (12 December 1712 – 4 July 1780) married Maria Anna of Austria and had no surviving issue.\nAnne Charlotte of Lorraine (17 May 1714 – 7 November 1773) died unmarried.\nStillborn daughter (28 November 1718).", "", "Nancy Nicholas Barker, Brother to the Sun king: Philippe, Duke of Orléans, p. 1.\nAntonia Fraser: Love and Louis XIV, p.189\nje ne suis pas faite, madame, pour un cadet.\nJoseph was suggested by Pope Innocent XII himself\nSarah Lebasch: Elisabeth-Charlotte d’Orléans, at siefar.org\nDufresne, Claude, les d'Orléans, CRITERION, Paris, 1991, p. 85, ISBN 2-903702-57-8." ]

[ "Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans", "Life", "Early life", "Marriage", "Duchess of Lorraine", "Regent of Lorraine", "Princess of Commercy", "Legacy", "Issue", "Ancestors", "References" ]

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[ "\"TELLINA\" E.Cibot - Bronze - France" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/TELLINA_SARREBOURG.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Cibot (born 1960 in Nantes, Pays de la Loire) is a French sculptor and art historian.", "Born into an artistic family, collectors of Italian Renaissance bronzes, Élisabeth Cibot has been surrounded by sculpture ever since her birth. \nShe studied art form at France's major art school, the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts (ENSBA) under the direction of great sculptors such as Etienne Martin, Léopold Kretz and CESAR. From 1981 to 1983, she worked with painter Riccardo Licata at Centro Internazionale di Grafica in Venice. She was also guest artist at the Harvey Littleton Glass School at Spruce Pine, USA in 1983. Since then she has developed a strong interest in glass and mixed media furniture design.\nIn parallel to her artistic creation, she studied art history, presenting her first thesis, on Roman Archeology, in 1984 which was followed by a DEA (Diploma in Specialist Studies) in the History of Techniques in 1990. In 1993, she returned to bronze statuary and monumental work. Since 1997 she lives and works near Paris.", "2017 : Conti Sculpture Award (presented by Mr Michel Poniatowsky)\n2015 : Gold medal of sculpture (Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts)\n2013 : Camille Claudel Sculpture Award, Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts\n2009 : Grant from the Fondation Taylor\n2006 : Gabriel Diana Award, Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts\n2005 : Award, Fondation Taylor\n2004 : Paul Belmondo Award, Salon d’Automne\n2003 : Sculpture Award, Amis du Salon d’Automne\n2000 : Michel Dumont Award, Salon des Artistes Français\n1997 : Bronze medal, Salon des Artistes Français\nRecognition\nPermanent Member of the Salon d'Automne\nPermanent Member of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts", "Lalbenque, \"Lo Trufair\" (bronze 1,20 m), City Hall\nSarrebourg : \"Tellina\" (bronze 1.50 M H)\nCalais : \"Homage to Charles de Gaulle et Yvonne Vendroux\"(bronze 3 M H)\nNogent-sur-Marne: « Lady of Val Nure » (bronze 2.50 m H)\nLyon : \"Homage to Pope Jean-Paul II\" (bronze 3 m H)\nDrancy : \"Homage to Charles de Gaulle\"\nNantes, Monument « Captain Nemo and Jules Verne »\nPontault-Combault : Monumental bust of François Mitterrand\nBéthune : Monumental bust of François Mitterrand\nVouziers : \"François Mitterrand and his dog\"\nBéthune : Monumental bust of Willy Brandt", "Création et innovation chez Baccarat et Daum entre 1890 et 1990, Élisabeth Cibot-Genin - 1992\nCréation artistique et innovation dans l'industrie verrière en France 1880-1989, Élisabeth Cibot-Genin - 2004\nDialogues d'atelier, Élisabeth Cibot, Foreword : Julien Denoun and Jean-Philippe Ricard, Photographer : Alan Tournaille - Centro Internazionale della Grafica di Venezia - 2008", "Sources\nArts of the representation, Revue Jules Verne n°33-34, p. 209-212.\nLA PERRIERE Patrice (de), «Jules Verne, le Capitaine Nemo et Élisabeth Cibot», in Univers des Arts, n°108, p. 24-25, février 2006.\nLA PERRIERE Patrice (de), «Élisabeth Cibot, hommage au Général de Gaulle», in Univers des Arts, n°122, p. 43, juin 2007.\n«Guide Emer de l’Art Contemporain», Aline Jaulin and Didier Bernheim, Ed. Froville,1995.\nBLOCH-DERMANT J., «Élisabeth Cibot», in Le verre en France, les années 80, Ed. de l’Amateur, Paris, 1988, p. 25-27.\nDOLEZ A., «Paravent, l’aigle Élisabeth Cibot», in Glass animals, Ed. Abram’s, New York, 1988, p. 184-185.\nBERNSTEIN A., «Paravent Elisabeth Cibot», in Neues Glass ( Allemagne), janvier 1988, p. 33.\nNotes\nBLOCH-DERMANT J., «Élisabeth Cibot», in Le verre en France, les années 80, Ed. de l’Amateur, Paris, 1988, p.25-27.\nLA PERRIERE Patrice (de), «Entretien avec Élisabeth Cibot», in Univers des Arts, n°89, p.56-57, mai 2004.", "Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts website\nElisabeth Cibot official website\nArt \"Salons\" in France" ]

[ "Élisabeth Cibot", "Biography", "Awards and distinctions", "List of permanent public installations", "Bibliography", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Duparc" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/%C3%88lisabeth_Duparc%2C_detta_La_Francesina.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Duparc or Du Parc, nicknamed \"La Francesina\", (died 1778) was a French soprano notable for appearing in several premieres and performances of the oratorios and operas of Handel - she played the title role, for example, in the premiere of Semele, and sang in the premiere of Saul.\nAfter training in Italy she sang in Florence (1731, 1734–35) then London (1736 onwards) - at the latter she initially joined the Opera of the Nobility, where she appeared in operas by Riccardo Broschi, Egidio Duni, Giovanni Battista Pescetti and Francesco Maria Veracini.", "Roland de Candé Les chefs-d'oeuvre classiques de la musique 2000 \"Saul. Janvier 1739 Haymarket .. Gustavus Waltz (B), John Beard (T), Cecilia Young-Arne (S), Élisabeth Duparc (la Francesina; S). Direction : Haendel.\"\nElisabeth Duparc Biography broken link\nOxford Grove Music Encyclopedia, Oxford University Press, Inc, 1994" ]

[ "Élisabeth Duparc", "References" ]

[ 4346 ]

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[ "", "Beatification Mass held in Strasbourg on 9 September 2018.", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Elisabeth_Alphonsa_Maria_Eppinger.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/B%C3%A9atification_M%C3%A8re_Alphonse_Marie_Eppinger_Strasbourg_9_septembre_2018.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Eppinger (9 September 1814 – 31 July 1867) – in religious \"Alphonse-Marie\" – was a French Roman Catholic professed religious and the founder of the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer.\nEppinger became a Servant of God on 30 August 2005 and was declared Venerable on 19 December 2011 after Pope Benedict XVI confirmed her life of heroic virtue. Pope Francis confirmed a miracle attributed to her in 2018; the beatification was celebrated in Strasbourg on 9 September 2018.", "Élisabeth Eppinger was born in France on 9 September 1814 as the eldest of eleven children to poor farmers. She suffered from various ailments during her childhood and was noted for her ardent faith in God.\nHer parish priest Jean-David Reichard (1796–1867) knew of her desire to establish a religious congregation and aided her in finding companions for her project. In 1846 she saw a vision of Jesus Christ and this began a series of ecstasies and she soon became known as \"the Niederbronn Ecstatic\". But Reichard also learned of her ecstasies and felt obligated to inform his bishop of this. The Bishop of Strasbourg Andreas Raess heard of her from Reichard and met her in July 1848 in order to conduct tests and interviews with her while being convinced of her intentions to serve the ill and the poor. Raess also believed that God had called Eppinger for a special mission. Father Claude Ignatius Busson published a series of writings on her – three sets – from 1849 until 1853 in response to these ecstasies.\nOn 28 August 1849 she founded the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer after renouncing her dream of joining the Sisters of Ribeauville; she became the congregation's first superior. Her order received diocesan approval around that time. She made her religious vows on 2 January 1850 in the religious name of \"Alphonse-Marie\". Eppinger placed her order under the patronage of Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori. The congregation received the decree of praise from Pope Pius IX in 1863 and received full pontifical approval in 1866; the order had 700 sisters in 83 houses in 1863. It had received the imperial approval of Napoleon III in 1854 while during the cholera pandemic of 1854 used her order to tend to victims.\nEppinger died in 1867 in the same week as Reichard. Cardinal Willem Marinus van Rossum – in August 1931 – said: \"You have a foundress who is a saint!\" Her remains were exhumed on 8 November 1950. Her order expanded to nations such as Argentina and in Angola gained 150 religious in 19 communities.", "The beatification process opened in Strasbourg in an informative process that commenced on 29 January 1951 and concluded its business on 12 January 1955 while theologians voiced approval to her spiritual writings on 6 July 1963. The cause remained inactive for several decades while a decree from the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 30 August 2005 resumed the cause and granted \"nihil obstat\" ('nothing against') to the continuation of the cause while giving her the posthumous title of Servant of God. A second process opened on 7 June 2006 and closed on 25 June 2007 while the C.C.S. validated the process in Rome on 29 February 2008. A relator to the cause was appointed on 7 May 2008.\nThe postulation submitted the Positio in two parts in 2009 and in 2010 while historians voted in favor of the cause on 1 December 2009 and consulting theologians did so as well on 29 January 2011; the C.C.S. approved the cause also on 18 October 2011. Pope Benedict XVI – on 19 December 2011 – proclaimed her to be Venerable after acknowledging her heroic virtue.\nThe miracle required for her beatification was scrutinized in the place it occurred in and received C.C.S. validation on 10 October 2008. Pope Francis later confirmed this miracle in 2018. She was beatified in Strasbourg Cathedral by Congregation for the Causes of Saints Prefect Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu on 9 September 2018. Following her beatification, Pope Francis openly applauded and praised Eppinger's life during his weekly Sunday Angelus in the Vatican around the same time that the beatification Mass was being celebrated.\nThe current postulator for this cause is Sister Katharina Maria Kristofova.", "\"Short Biography of Our Foundress\". Sisters of the Divine Saviour. Retrieved 13 July 2016.\n\"Prayer of the Beatification of Mother Alphonse Marie Eppinger\". Alfonza Maria Eppinger. Retrieved 13 July 2016.\n\"Foundress\". The Congregation of the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer. Retrieved 13 July 2016.\n\"Venerable Alfonsa Maria (Elisabeth) Eppinger\". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 13 July 2016.\n\"È Beata Alfonsa Maria Eppinger, l'estatica di Niederbronn - Vatican News\". 9 September 2018.\n\"Pope Francis: Don't make a show of doing good\".", "Hagiography Circle\nAlphonse-Marie Eppinger" ]

[ "Élisabeth Eppinger", "Life", "Beatification", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "\"Mlle Ferrand Meditating on Newton\", by Maurice Quentin de La Tour" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Maurice_Quentin_de_La_Tour_-_Mlle_Ferrand_Meditating_on_Newton_-_WGA12355.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Ferrand (1700 - 3 September 1752) was a French salon-holder and philosopher.\nA portrait of her by Maurice Quentin de La Tour with the title \"Mlle Ferrand Meditating on Newton\" is held in the Alte Pinakothek, Munich.\nIn 1749 Ferrand, along with her friends the Princesse de Talmont and the Comtesse de Vasse, helped Prince Charles Edward Stuart to hide in Paris, sheltering him in a convent and in their homes.", "Jeffares, Neil (27 August 2016). \"La Tour, Mlle Ferrand méditant sur Newton\" (PDF). www.pastellists.com. Retrieved 4 January 2017. A nine-page article giving much biographical information about Ferrand\nPittock, Murray G. H. (2004). \"Charles Edward (1720–1788)\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 5 Jan 2017. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)" ]

[ "Élisabeth Ferrand", "References" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Filhol in 2003" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Filhol-Ext2-leger.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Filhol (born 1 May 1965 in Mende, Lozère) is a French writer.", "Filhol works in the world of management and in particular in consulting works councils. She lives in the region of Angers. Her first novel La Centrale focuses on the working conditions of the temporary workers of the nuclear industry, and particularly the nuclear plants of Chinon and le Blayais. For this later novel, she won the 2010 Prix France Culture/Télérama.", "2010: La Centrale. Éditions P.O.L. ISBN 978-2-84682-342-5.\n2014: Bois II, Paris, Éditions P.O.L, 272 p. ISBN 978-2-8180-2045-6\n2019: Doggerland", "\"La Centrale\", d'Elisabeth Filhol : dans l'enfer froid du nucléaire", "Élisabeth Filhol on the site of Éditions P.O.L\nElisabeth Filhol : \"Le vrai déclic s'est produit lorsque j'ai osé écrire je\" on Télérama (27 March 2010)\nElisabeth Filhol, La Centrale (1er roman) (POL) on France Culture\nBois II on P.O.L" ]

[ "Élisabeth Filhol", "Biography", "Work", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/%C3%89lisabeth_Guigou.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Guigou ([elizabɛt ɡiɡu]; born Élisabeth Vallier; 6 August 1946) is a French politician of the Socialist Party who served as a member of the National Assembly from 2002 until 2017, representing Seine-Saint-Denis' 9th constituency.", "Guigou was born in Marrakesh, Morocco. After attending Sciences Po Aix and ENA, France's elite graduate school of public affairs, she worked in Jacques Delors' staff in 1982 before being hired by Hubert Védrine in François Mitterrand's government. She was appointed Secretary-General of the Interministerial Committee on European Economical Matters in 1986 during the period of cohabitation.", "Bachelor of English Language, Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III\nMaster of American Literature, Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III\nMaster of Political Science, Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence\n2 years university degree in Economy (DEUG), Aix-Marseille University\nAlumna of the École nationale d'administration (ENA), Promotion Simone Weil (1974).", "Guigou first got a taste of front-line politics when she was appointed Minister of European Affairs (1990–1993), during the campaign on the Maastricht Treaty.", "Guigou was elected to the European Parliament in the 1994 elections. Throughout her time in parliament, she served as vice-chairwoman of the Committee on Institutional Affairs. During 1994–1995 she was member of the Tindemans group. Together with Elmar Brok, she represented the European Parliament in the negotiations that produced the Amsterdam Treaty.", "In 1997, Guigou was elected to the National Assembly in the Vaucluse département and entered incoming Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's cabinet, as Minister of Justice (1997–2000) and then as Minister of Employment (2000–2002).\nDuring her time in office, Guigou co-sponsored several bills that became law. She co-sponsored a 1998 law which abrogated the requirement of \"manifestation of will\" for children born in France of foreign parents to gain citizenship. Also in the late 1990s, she took action to grant investigating magistrates more independence; at the same time, she gave the Justice Ministry the ability to intervene.\nGuigou also co-sponsored a 2000 law which articulated the French policy on presumption of innocence in media by prohibiting magazines and newspapers from publishing photographs of accused individuals wearing handcuffs or other scenes which may \"jeopardise a victim's dignity\". It forbids the publication of photographs of survivors of violent crimes, including terrorist attacks, without their permission. The law, which was unanimously supported by the Senate and later became known as the Guigou law, was openly opposed by leading publications such as Paris Match, which ignores the law.\nIn 2001, in response to announcements of layoffs ahead of the 2002 presidential elections, Guigou and Jospin developed a proposal that required large employers planning layoffs to double severance-pay packages and provide at least six months' job retraining to laid-off workers.", "Guigou failed to be elected Mayor of Avignon and, facing possible defeat against Marie-Josée Roig in her district, was nominated as a candidate for the National Assembly in 2002 in the heavily left-wing département of Seine-Saint-Denis. She was re-elected in 2007.\nGuigou campaigned for the Yes side in the referendum on the 2005 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe.\nFrom 2010 until 2011, Guigou served as vice-president of the National Assembly. In 2011, she was a supporter of Socialist Party leader Martine Aubry's presidential bid. However, she later helped Aubry's competitor François Hollande to prepare to re-negotiate European fiscal rules.\nFrom 2012 until 2017, Guigou served as chairwoman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs since 2012. She was also a member of the Committee on European Affairs and the Working Group on the Prevention of Conflicts of Interest. In addition to her committee assignments, she served as vice-chairwoman of the French-Moroccan Parliamentary Friendship Group.\nIn 2013, Guigou represented France for the funeral of Margaret Thatcher.\nShortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014, Guigou and her counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Norbert Röttgen of Germany and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries' firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine. This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle had ever made a joint trip to a third country.\nFollowing the 2014 European elections, Guigou confirmed her interest in succeeding Michel Barnier as France's member of the European Commission, thereby challenging Pierre Moscovici.\nFrom 2015, Guigou served as a member of the European Commission's High-level Group of Personalities on Defence Research chaired by Elżbieta Bieńkowska.", "In December 2020, Guigou was named by Secretary of State for Child protection Adrien Taquet to lead a government-mandated committee on sexual violence against children. Amid revelations about sexual assault involving her friend Olivier Duhamel, Guigou resigned from that role in January 2021.", "Governmental function\nMinister of European Affairs : 1990–1993.\nKeeper of the seals, Minister of Justice : 1997–2000.\nMinister of Employment and Solidarity : 2000–2002.\nElectoral mandates\nEuropean Parliament\nMember of the European Parliament : 1994–1997 (Became minister in 1997, and elected in parliamentary elections).\nFrench Parliament\nMember of the National Assembly of France for Vaucluse : June 1997- July 1997 (Appointed Minister of Justice in July 1997).\nMember of the National Assembly of France for Seine-Saint-Denis : Elected in 2002, reelected in 2007 and 2012.\nRegional Council\nRegional councillor of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur : Elected in 1992, reelected in 1998, resigned in 2001.\nMunicipal Council\nDeputy-mayor of Noisy-le-Sec : 2008–2010.", "Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Dialogue Between Cultures, President (since 2014)\nEuropean Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member of the Council\nFemmes d'Europe (Women of Europe), Founder\nEuropartenaires, founding chairwoman and co-president (with Jean-Noël Jeanneney)\nFriends of Europe, Member of the Board of Trustees\nInstitut de Prospective Economique du Monde Méditerranéen (IPEMED), Member of the Political Sponsorship Committee\nInstitut du Bosphore, Member of the Scientific Committee\nInstitut français des relations internationales (Ifri), Member of the Board of Directors\nJacques Delors Institute, Member of the Board of Directors\nParis School of International Affairs (PSIA), Member of the Strategic Committee\nTrilateral Commission, Member of the European Group", "In December 2014, Guigou raised international media attention by sponsoring a resolution to ask the French government to recognise Palestine.\nIn May 2016, Guigou joined 16 French female politicians – including Christine Lagarde and Fleur Pellerin – in calling for an end to \"immunity\" for sexist male politicians in an open letter published in the Journal de Dimanche newspaper. The letter came after Denis Baupin, deputy speaker of the National Assembly, resigned over sexual harassment claims.", "Guigou is married to Jean-Louis Guigou, a professor of economics, former technical adviser to Michel Rocard and civil servant. They have one child.", "\"Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés : Mme Élisabeth Guigou\". Assemblée nationale. Retrieved 7 June 2010.\nFrench Embassy (in French)\nGail Edmondson (15 November 1999), High Anxiety In Paris Bloomberg News.\n\"French law angers media\". BBC News. 30 May 2000.\nDan Bilefsky (30 April 2016), Photo of Paris Massacre Victim Sets Off Press Freedom Case The New York Times.\nDan Bilefsky (30 April 2016), Photo of Paris Massacre Victim Sets Off Press Freedom Case The New York Times.\nCarol Matlack and Jack Ewing (14 May 2001), Why Germany and France Are Veering Left Bloomberg News.\nHelene Fouquet (8 May 2012), Socialist Elephants Stampede for Jobs With Hollande Bloomberg News.\nKitty Donaldson (16 April 2013), Kissinger to Attend Thatcher’s Funeral as Obama Stays Away Bloomberg News.\nWeimar Triangle countries support the territorial integrity and European integration of Ukraine Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, press release of 11 April 2014.\nParlamentarier des Weimarer Dreiecks: Röttgen, Guigou und Schetyna in Kiew Bundestag, press release of 8 April 2014.\nFrédéric Simon (7 May 2014), France EU hopeful urges new Commission to be ‘more political’ EurActiv.\nSimon Taylor (30 March 2015), High-level group of personalities on defence research European Voice.\nJuliette Demey and Plana Radenovic (26 December 2020), Elisabeth Guigou, ex-ministre de la Justice : \"La société doit regarder l'inceste en face\" Le Journal du Dimanche.\nPierre-Paul Bermingham (7 January 2021), Incest allegations against top political scientist rattle Paris establishment Politico Europe.\nAffaire Olivier Duhamel: Elisabeth Guigou renonce à présider la commission indépendante sur l’inceste Le Monde, 13 January 2021.\nElisa Braun (24 January 2021), Macron vows to change law to protect children from abuse Politico Europe\nElisabeth Guigou elected as new President of the Anna Lindh Foundation Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Dialogue Between Cultures, press release of 12 October 2014.\nMembers of the Council European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).\nBoard of Trustees Friends of Europe.\nGovernance Institut de Prospective Economique du Monde Méditerranéen (IPEMED), Paris.\nScientific Committee Institut du Bosphore, Paris.\nBoard of Directors Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri).\nStrategic Committee Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA).\nMembership Trilateral Commission.\nJohn Lichfield (2 December 2014), Palestinian statehood: French national assembly votes overwhelmingly to ask government to recognise Palestine The Independent.\n\"'Don't comment on our 'great breasts: French female politicians fight back\". The Daily Telegraph. 16 May 2016.", "Official website" ]

[ "Élisabeth Guigou", "Early life and career", "Studies", "Political career", "Member of the European Parliament, 1994–1997", "Member of the Jospin government, 1997–2002", "Member of the National Assembly, 2002–2017", "Later career", "Overview", "Other activities", "Political positions", "Personal life", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Louis Carrogis Carmontelle, Madame de Montullé and her children, musée Condé, Chantilly" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Madame_de_Monthul%C3%A9%2C_par_Carmontelle.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Françoise de Montullé, née Élisabeth Françoise Haudry (1727 - 13 March 1800) was a French noblewoman and salon-holder. She was the daughter of the fermier général André Haudry, wife of the magistrate Jean-Baptiste de Montullé and mother of the painter Émilie-Sophie de Montullé." ]

[ "Élisabeth Haudry" ]

[ 4353 ]

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[ "Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre painted by François de Troy" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Elisabeth_Jacquet_de_La_Guerre-full.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Claude Jacquet de La Guerre (pronunciation, née Jacquet, 17 March 1665 – 27 June 1729) was a French musician, harpsichordist and composer.", "Élisabeth-Claude Jacquet de La Guerre (née Jacquet) was born on March 17, 1665, into a family of musicians and master instrument-makers in the parish of Saint-Louis-en-l'Île, Paris. She came from a rich family of masons, musicians, composers, and instrument makers. Her grandfather, Jehan Jacquet, and her father, Claude Jacquet, were harpsichord makers. Rather than just teaching his sons, Claude Jacquet taught both his sons and daughters how to survive and thrive in the world. This upbringing, support from her father, and her family's rich history of musicianship was a major stepping stone for her musical career. She received her initial musical education from her father. At the age of five, Louis XIV took notice of her when she performed, evidently as a child prodigy, at his palace of Versailles. This eventually led to her becoming a musician in the court of Louis XIV, the Sun King. She wrote most of her works for her king, which was common. As a teenager she was accepted into the French court where her education was supervised by the king's mistress, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. She stayed with the royal court until it moved to Versailles. In 1684 she married the organist Marin de La Guerre, son of the late organist at the Sainte-Chapelle, Michel de La Guerre. After her marriage she taught, composed, and gave concerts at home and throughout Paris, to great acclaim.\nJacquet de La Guerre was one of the few well-known female composers of her time, and unlike many of her contemporaries, she composed in a wide variety of forms. Her talent and achievements were acknowledged by Titon du Tillet, who accorded her a place on his Mount Parnassus when she was only 26 years old, next to Lalande and Marais and directly below Lully. A quote from Titon du Tillet describes her\nmarvellous facility for playing preludes and fantasies off the cuff. Sometimes she improvises one or another for a whole half hour with tunes and harmonies of great variety and in quite the best possible taste, quite charming her listeners.(Le Parnasse françois, 1732)\nHer first published work was her Premier livre de pièces de clavessin, printed in 1687, which includes unmeasured preludes. It was one of the few collections of harpsichord pieces printed in France in the 17th century, along with those of Chambonnières, Lebègue and d'Anglebert. During the 1690s she composed a ballet, Les Jeux à l'honneur de la victoire (c. 1691), which has subsequently been lost. On 15 March 1694, the production of her opera Céphale et Procris at the Académie Royale de Musique was the first of an opera written by a woman in France. The five-act tragédie lyrique was set to a libretto by Duché de Vancy. Like her contemporaries, she also experimented with Italian genres: principally the sonata and the cantata. In 1695 she composed a set of trio sonatas which, with those of Marc-Antoine Charpentier, François Couperin, Jean-Féry Rebel and Sébastien de Brossard, are among the earliest French examples of the sonata.\nHer only published opera only had 5 or 6 performances. An explanation of this failure was that the opera depended on the text rather than the music. Cephale et Procris would soon be known as tragedie en musique, a tragedy put into music, and French literary theatre recited musically. Her compositions were not received well by the French musical culture, which was cautious about contemporary opera. It might have been accepted more readily in Italy with all its musical innovations, but in France, tradition was considered necessary in its music. The reception of Cephale et Procris tells us more about the world of opera in France in the 1690s and French music rather than her ability as a composer. This put a stop to her career as an operatic composer.\nDuring the next few years many of her near relations died, including her only son who was ten years old, her mother, father, husband, and brother Nicolas. She continued to perform, however, and in 1707 her collection Pièces de Clavecin qui peuvent se jouer sur le Violon, a new set of harpsichord pieces, was published, followed by six Sonates pour le violon et pour le clavecin. These works are an early example of the new genre of accompanied harpsichord works, where the instrument is used in an obbligato role with the violin; Rameau's Pièces de clavecin en concerts are somewhat of the same type. The dedication of the 1707 work speaks of the continuing admiration and patronage of Louis XIV:\nSuch happiness for me, Sire, if my latest work may receive as glorious a reception from Your Majesty as I have enjoyed almost from the cradle, for, Sire, if I may remind you, you never spurned my youthful offerings. You took pleasure in seeing the birth of the talent that I have devoted to you; and you honoured me even then with your commendations, of the value of which I had no understanding at the time. My slender talents have since grown. I have striven even harder, Sire, to deserve your approbation, which has always meant everything to me ...\nShe returned to vocal composition with the publication of two books of Cantates françoises sur des sujets tirez de l'Ecriture in 1708 and 1711. Her last published work was a collection of secular Cantates françoises (c. 1715). In the inventory of her possessions after her death, there were three harpsichords: a small instrument with white and black keys, one with black keys, and a large double manual Flemish harpsichord.\nJacquet de La Guerre died in Paris in 1729, aged 64.", "Despite the poor reception of her opera, she continued to publish her work and take opportunities. Her sonatas, from later in her life, are considered triumphs of the genre. This is due to her development of the role for violin and the way she blended French traditions with Italian innovations. After her death, her genius in compositions, her creativity in vocal and instrumental music, and her variety of genres have been acknowledged. Her life and career success show that she was given a rare opportunity to succeed as a female composer, and show that she took full advantage of it.\nDuring the 1990s there was a renewed interest in her compositions and a number have been recorded.", "Jacquet de La Guerre's early trio sonatas and violin/viola da gamba sonatas survive only in manuscript sources in Paris. The rest of her output is thought to have been published in her lifetime, although Titon du Tillet mentioned a lost Te Deum setting in his tribute to Jacquet de La Guerre.", "Les jeux à l'honneur de la victoire (ballet, c. 1691), lost\nCéphale et Procris (tragédie lyrique, 1694)", "Cantates françoises sur des sujets tirez de l'Ecriture, livre I (Paris, 1708)\nEsther\nLe passage de la Mer rouge\nJacob et Rachel\nJonas\nSuzanne et les vieillards\nJudith\nCantates françoises, livre II (Paris, 1711)\nAdam\nLe temple rebasti\nLe deluge\nJoseph\nJepthe\nSampson\nLa musette, ou Les bergers de Suresne (Paris, 1713)\nCantates françoises (Paris, c.1715 [3 cantatas; 1 comic duet])\nSemelé\nL'Ile de Delos\nLe Sommeil d'Ulisse\nLe Raccommodement Comique de Pierrot et de Nicole\nTe Deum (1721, lost)\nVarious songs published in Recueil d'airs sérieux et à boire (1710–24)", "Les pièces de clavessin (Paris, 1687)\nSuite in D minor: Prelude / Allemande / Courante / 2d Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / Cannaris / Chaconne l'Inconstante / Menuet\nSuite in G minor: Prelude / Allemande / Courante / 2d Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / 2d Gigue / Menuet\nSuite in A minor: Prelude / Allemande / Courante / 2d Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / Chaconne / Gavott / Menuet\nSuite in F major: Tocade / Allemande / Courante / 2d Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / Cannaris / Menuet\nPièces de clavecin qui peuvent se jouer sur le violon (Paris, 1707)\nSuite in D minor: La Flamande / Double / Courante / Double / Sarabande / Gigue / Double / 2d Gigue / Rigadoun / 2d Rigadoun / Chaconne\nSuite in G major: Allemande / Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / Menuet / Rondeau\nSonatas [2], violin, viola da gamba, and basso continuo (c.1695)\nSonatas [6], violin and clavecin (Paris [chez l'auteur, Foucault, Ribou, Ballard], 1707)\nSonata [no. 1] in D minor: Grave / Presto / Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Presto / Aria / Presto\nSonata [no. 2] in D major: Grave / Allegro / Aria (Affettusos) / Sarabande / Gavotte (Allegro) / Presto\nSonata [no. 3] in F major: Grave / Presto-Adagio / Presto / Aria / Adagio\nSonata [no. 4] in G major: [Grave]-Presto-Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Aria\nSonata [no. 5] in A minor: Grave / Presto / Adagio-Courante-Reprise / Aria\nSonata [no. 6] in A major: Allemande / Presto / Adagio / Aria / Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Aria", "List of French harpsichordists", "Catherine Cessac. \"Jacquet de La Guerre, Elisabeth\", Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. (subscription required)\nCyr, Mary (Winter 2008). \"Elisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre: Myth or Marvel? Seeking the Composer's Individuality\". The Musical Times. 149 (1905): 79–87. doi:10.2307/25434573. JSTOR 25434573.\nBeer, Anna (2017). Sounds and Sweet Airs: The Forgotten Women of Classical Music. Oneworld Publications.\nCyr, Mary (November 2004). \"Representing Jacquet de La Guerre on disc: scoring and basse continue practices, and a new painting of the composer\". Early Music. 32 (4): 549–567. doi:10.1093/em/32.4.549. JSTOR 3519395.\nRose, Adrian (May 2008). \"A newly discovered source of vocal chamber music by Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet de La Guerre and René Drouard de Bousset\". Early Music. 36 (2): 245–264. doi:10.1093/em/can037. JSTOR 27655172.\n\"Jacquet de La Guerre: Violin Sonatas Nos. 1–6\", Lina Tur Bonet (violin), Patxi Montero (violone), Kenneth Weiss (harpsichord); Pan Classics, via Naxos Records", "Cessac, Catherine. Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre: Une femme compositeur sous le règne de Louis XIV. Paris: Actes Sud, 1995. OCLC 34669997 (in French)", "Free scores by Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)\nCantates francoises et Duet Comique\nLa musette, ou Les bergers de Suresne" ]

[ "Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre", "Life and works", "Reception", "List of works", "Stage", "Vocal music", "Instrumental", "See also", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

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[ "Portrait of Élisabeth Leseur", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Elisabeth_Leseur.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Arrighi Leseur (16 October 1866 – 3 May 1914), born Pauline Élisabeth Arrighi, was a French mystic best known for her spiritual diary and the conversion of her husband, Félix Leseur (1861–1950), a medical doctor and well known leader of the French anti-clerical, atheistic movement. The cause for the beatification of Élisabeth Leseur was started in 1934. Her current status in the process is that of a Servant of God.", "Élisabeth was born in Paris to a wealthy bourgeois French family of Corsican descent. She had had hepatitis as a child, and it recurred throughout her life with attacks of varying severity. Well-to-do by birth and marriage, she was a part of a social group that was cultured, educated, and generally antireligious. The attachment of the couple was strong, though overshadowed by the childlessness of the marriage and their ever-growing religious disagreement.\nRather conventionally religious in her younger years, Élisabeth Leseur was prompted by the attacks of her husband against Christianity and religion to probe deeper into her faith. She thus underwent a religious conversion at the age of thirty-two. From this time on, she saw her major task in praying for the conversion of her husband, while remaining patient with his constant attacks on her faith.\nWhen she was able, she worked on charitable projects for poor families and funded other charitable activities. Largely unknown by her husband, she had a vast spiritual correspondence for many years. She was concerned about the \"poor\" or the \"least,\" but her deteriorating health restricted her ability to respond to this concern. In 1907 her health deteriorated to the extent that she was forced to lead a primarily sedentary life, receiving visitors and directing her household from a chaise longue. In 1911 she had surgery and radiation for a malignant tumor, recovered, and then was bedridden by July 1913. She died from generalized cancer in May 1914.", "From the beginning, she organized her spiritual life around a disciplined pattern of prayer, meditation, reading, sacramental practice, and writing. Charity was the organizing principle of her asceticism. In her approach to mortification, she followed Saint Francis de Sales who recommended moderation and internal, hidden strategies instead of external practices.", "After her death, her husband found a note by her addressed to himself, that prophesied about his conversion and him becoming a priest. In order to get rid of such \"superstition\", Félix left for the Marian shrine of Lourdes, wanting to expose the reports of the healings there as fake. At the Lourdes grotto however, he experienced a religious conversion. Félix subsequently published his wife's journal, Journal et pensées pour chaque jour; and due to its favorable reception, a year later in 1918, published some of his wife's letters under the title of Lettres sur la Souffrance. \nIn 1924 Fulton J. Sheen, who would later become an archbishop and popular American television and radio figure, made a retreat under the direction of Fr. Leseur. During many hours of spiritual direction, Sheen learned of the life of Élisabeth and the conversion of Félix. Sheen subsequently repeated this conversion story in many of his presentations.", "Leseur O.P., Fr. Felix, \"In Memoriam\", Journal et pensees de chaque jour, Paris, 2005\nRuffing R.S.M., Janet K., \"Physical Illness: A Mystically Transformative Element in the Life of Elizabeth Leseur\", Spiritual Life, Vol.40, Number 4, Winter 1994\nRuffing R.S.M., Janet K., \"Elizabeth Laseur: A Strangely Forgotten Modern Saint\", in Lay Sanctity, Medieval and Modern, Ann W. Astrell, ed.\n* Sheen, Fulton J. \"Marriage Problems\" (part 40 of a recorded catechism, available online]", "Duhamelet, Genevieve. Élisabeth Leseur, 1866–1914; le miracle de l'amour chrétien. Paris: Lethielleux, 1959.\nLeseur, Élisabeth . The Secret Diary of Élisabeth Leseur: The Woman Whose Goodness Changed Her Husband from Atheist to Priest. Manchester, NH: Sophia Institute Press, 2002. ISBN 1-928832-48-2\n— —. Selected Writings. Ed. and trans. Janet K. Ruffing. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8091-4329-1\nMaas, Robin. A Marriage Saved in Heaven: Elisabeth Leseur's Life of Love\nRaoul, Valerie. \"Women's Diaries as Life-Savings: Who Decides Whose Life is Saved? The Journals of Eugénie de Guérin and Elisabeth Leseur.\" Biography 24:1 (Winter 2001): 140-151.\nMacNeil, JJ. Elisabeth Leseur: Servant of God" ]

[ "Élisabeth Leseur", "Life", "Spirituality", "Legacy", "References", "Sources" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Lion in 1938" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/L%27aviatrice_Elisabeth_Lion_in_una_foto_del_1938.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Lion (1904 – 9 January 1998) was a French aviator who broke world altitude records and long-distance flying records. She was one of the five women who were selected to train as French military pilots after World War II.", "Lion was born in Balan, in Ardennes, France and grew up in Sedan. In 1914 the family moved to Saint-Malo and then to Paris. In 1934 she earned her pilot license and in 1936 she competed in the Douze Heure d'Angers competition. She won the women's division of the competition and finished second in the general division. In the same year she won the Hélène Boucher Cup in the Paris-Cannes air race.\nIn December 1937, Lion beat the women's altitude record by reaching 6,410 meters while flying a Caudron C600 Aiglon monoplane. Days later, she also broke world records in the crew category and the 2-litre category. In March 1938, Lion completed a non-stop tour of France in 10 hours and 15 minutes and in April she completed a Paris-Tunis-Paris (3500 km) flight in 18 hours and 15 minutes.\nIn May 1938, Lion flew a journey of 4,063 km from Istres, France, to Abadan, Iran, flying for 21 hours and breaking Amelia Earhart's women's distance record of 3,940 km set in 1932. Lion's record was short-lived, however - another French aviator, Andrée Dupeyron, beat Lion's record by 250 km in the following days. A few weeks later, in June, Lion flew 4,250 km from Istres to Dakar, Senegal, in 21 hours and 20 minutes, in an attempt to beat Dupeyron's journey.\nOn December 29, 1938, Guy La Chambre, the French Minister of Air, presented Lion with the rank of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. \nIn 1944-45, Charles Tillon, the newly appointed Minister of the Air decided to create the Premier corps de pilotes militaires féminins (corps of female military pilots), and invited Maryse Bastié, Maryse Hilsz, Élisabeth Boselli, Anne-Marie Imbrecq and Lion to train at Châteauroux. The training flights were halted in February 1946, however, due to a fatal accident on January 30 which killed Hilsz, a mechanic, a radio operator and another flying officer.\nIn 2017, the town of Charleville-Mézières in Ardennes named a street in her honour.", "BARON, Jean-Jacques. \"ToujoursLa > LION Elisabeth > Biographie > L'époque des Héroïnes\". www.toujoursla.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-04-17.\nL'Aérophile. Paris: [s.n.] 2017-04-17.\nAzémar, Julien (25 February 2017). \"Charleville-Mézières: Voilà pourquoi vous connaîtrez bientôt Élisabeth Lion et Marguerite Lebrun-Nivoit\". Retrieved 17 April 2017." ]

[ "Élisabeth Lion", "Biography", "References" ]

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[ "Portrait by Pierre Mignard", "", "An engraving of Francis Joseph de Lorraine when he was Duke of Guise.", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 6 ]

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[ "Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans (26 December 1646 - 17 March 1696), known as Isabelle d'Orléans, was the Duchess of Alençon and, during her husband's lifetime, Duchess of Angoulême. She was a daughter of Gaston d'Orléans and a first cousin of Louis XIV of France. She has no descendants today. She was suo jure Duchess of Alençon and Angoulême.", "Élisabeth d'Orléans was born in Paris at the Luxembourg Palace, then called the Palais d'Orléans, and now the seat of the Senate of France. The palace had been given to her father on the death of his mother, Marie de' Medici in 1642. Élisabeth was known by her first name, Élisabeth, but she always signed Isabelle. One of five children, she was not raised with her siblings but in a convent, because she was destined to become abbess of Remiremont and was styled as such.", "Known as Mademoiselle d'Alençon until her marriage, Isabelle (Élisabeth Marguerite) was acquainted with the young Louise Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc, who was to become duchesse de La Vallière, mistress of Louis XIV, and who grew up at Blois in the entourage of Isabelle's sister Marguerite Louise d'Orléans. It was assumed that Isabelle's older and more beautiful sister, Marguerite Louise, would marry Louis, and that Françoise Madeleine would marry another European prince. A possible match was one with Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, who later married her younger sister on 4 March 1663.\nAnother possible spouse was her cousin Henri Jules de Bourbon - the future Prince de Condé and Prince du Sang. This was dropped as Henri Jules preferred the German Anne Henriette of Bavaria who was a granddaughter of the Queen of Bohemia.\nThe choice for Isabelle (who was humpbacked) fell upon a \"foreign prince (prince étranger) naturalized in France\": Louis Joseph de Guise. The Duke of Guise was the titular head of the House of Guise, a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine of which Isabelle's mother was a member.\nIsabelle and the Duke were married at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 15 May 1667 in the presence of the Court and the Princes of the Blood. Her husband, four years younger than she was, was not only under the legal control of his aunt and guardian, the \"magnificent\" and proud Mademoiselle de Guise (Marie de Lorraine de Guise), but in day-to-day protocol, he was treated by Isabelle as the social inferior that he was. From her marriage to her death, Isabelle d'Orléans was known to the French as Madame de Guise. Her brief union with the Duke of Guise produced one child:\nFrancis Joseph de Lorraine, Duke of Guise (Hôtel de Guise, Luxembourg Palace, Paris, 28 August 1670 – 16 March 1675).", "Isabelle's husband died in 1671, from smallpox contacted on his way back from a visit to the court of Charles II, King of England. Her son inherited his father's titles: duc de Guise et de Joyeuse and prince de Joinville.\nAt the death of her mother in 1672, she moved into the Luxembourg Palace along with the little Francis Joseph. Still unable to walk unaided at age four, he was dropped by his nurse and died from a head injury in 1675. He died at the Luxembourg Palace. Upon her son's death, she became the Duchess of Alençon and Angoulême in her own right.\nAfter the death of her son, Isabelle (whom the French knew as \"Madame de Guise\") spent every summer in her duchy of Alençon and most winters at the royal court. When in Paris, she would stay at the Luxembourg Palace which had been ceded to her after her mother's death in 1672. (Haunted by her little son's death throes there, she found it difficult to stay very long at the Luxembourg.) In 1672 she created a private apartment for herself at the abbey of Saint Pierre de Montmartre, where she often saw Mlle de Guise and her sister, the abbess. After 1675, this little circle expanded when Isabelle's sister Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, left her husband, moved into an apartment within the abbey walls, and was kept under what amounted to house arrest. Always very devout, Isabelle commissioned religious pieces from Marc-Antoine Charpentier, the composer of Mlle de Guise. She also commissioned secular works (operas and pastorales) from him, some of which were performed at the royal court.\nIsabelle was a fervent supporter of her cousin Louis XIV's policies to bring Huguenots back into the Catholic fold. As early as November 1676, when she supervised the conversion of a Protestant lady, Isabelle commissioned from Marc-Antoine Charpentier the first of a succession of oratorios that recounted how St. Cecilia had won over her bridegroom and his brother to Christianity. The probable author of the libretti was Philippe Goibaut, a protégé of the two Guise women. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in October 1685, she created a house for \"New Converts\" in her duchy of Alençon and actively converted the local Huguenots.\nIn 1694, she gave the Luxembourg Palace to Louis XIV. She died in 1696 at the Palace of Versailles and was buried in the Great Carmel of Paris, among the nuns.\nThe fortune that she had accumulated was willed to her older and only surviving sibling, Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany.", "", "http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1670-filer/image013.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1670.htm&usg=__1FuHv3U6UM4ujX1btmb3fLYTYnM=&h=156&w=100&sz=4&hl=en&start=48&sig2=OndE-QR1kvyMylNaXuBaOA&um=1&tbnid=i26IG7fjQE312M:&tbnh=97&tbnw=62&ei=-POQSfeXOcfBjAetv8SdCg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dduchesse%2Bde%2Bguise%26start%3D36%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN\n\"The Luxembourg Palace\". Senate of France. Retrieved 2009-02-15.\n↑ ...bossue et contrefaite à l'excès, elle avait mieux aimé épouser le dernier duc de Guise en 1667 que de ne se point marier... Mémoires de Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy Saint-Simon, ed. Hachette et Cie, 1881.\nThe Hôtel de Guise was sold by the Guise family to the Prince of Soubise in 1700, and renamed Hôtel de Soubise.\nPatricia M. Ranum, Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Baltimore, 2004, pp. 405-11\nAbbé Rombault, \"Élisabeth d'Orléans ...\", in Bulletin de la Société historique et archéologique de l'Orne 12 (1893), pp. 476ff, especially p. 483 for her residence at Alençon and her solemn entry as duchess on 11 September 1676.\nFor Isabelle d'Orléans, see Patricia M. Ranum, Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Baltimore, 2004, pp. 336-44, 405-425; and \nThe History of Paris from the Earliest Period to the Present Day: Containing a Description of Its Antiquities, Public Buildings, Civil, Religious, Scientific, and Commercial Institutions... Original from the New York Public Library, Digitized 2007-06-08: Published by G. B. Whittaker. 1825. p. 43. palais Elizabeth Louis 1694.\nAnselme 1726, pp. 145–147.\nAnselme 1726, pp. 147–148.\nAnselme 1726, pp. 143–144.\nLeonie Frieda (14 March 2006). Catherine de Medici: Renaissance Queen of France. HarperCollins. p. 386. ISBN 978-0-06-074493-9. Retrieved 21 February 2011.\nCartwright, Julia Mary (1913). Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan and Lorraine, 1522-1590. New York: E. P. Dutton. p. 538.\nMessager des sciences historiques, ou, Archives des arts et de la bibliographie de Belgique (in French). Gand. 1883. p. 256.\nAnselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France [Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.", "Funeral Oration of Élisabeth" ]

[ "Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans", "Life", "Marriage", "Widowhood", "Ancestors", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/%C3%89lisabeth_Morin-Chartier.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Morin-Chartier (born 10 October 1947 in Ceaux-en-Couhé, Vienne) is a French politician of Agir who served as Member of the European Parliament for the West France constituency from 2009 European election until 2014. Before joining Agir in 2018, she was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement and the Republicans (LR).", "Morin was Vice President of the Poitou-Charentes Regional Council under Regional President Jean-Pierre Raffarin and assumed the presidency upon Raffarin's nomination as Prime Minister of France. Her list in the 2004 regional elections was defeated in a near-landslide by the Socialist list, led by Ségolène Royal.\nMorin was also a member of the French Economic and Social Council between September 2004 and May 2007.", "In the 2004 European election, Morin was the third candidate on Roselyne Bachelot's UMP list in the West but she was not elected. However, when Bachelot entered the François Fillon cabinet in May 2007, she became a Member of the European Parliament. In the 2009 European election, she was the second candidate on the UMP list in the West region and was elected to the European Parliament.\nThroughout her time in office, Morin served on the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. Between 2010 and 2012, she served as Vice Chairwoman of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. In addition to her committee assignments, she was a member of the Parliament's delegation for relations with India. She previously served on the delegations with the United States from 2009 to 2014.\nFollowing the 2014 European elections, Morin was elected as quaestor of the European Parliament for two and a half years. In this capacity, she was also a member of the Bureau Working Group on Buildings, Transport and Green Parliament and of the Advisory Committee dealing with Harassment Complaints between Accredited Parliamentary Assistants and Members of the European Parliament and its Prevention at the Workplace. Her role as quaestor made her part of the Parliament's leadership under President Martin Schulz.\nOn the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, Morin was one of the Parliament's rapporteurs on a proposed revision of the EU's 1996 directive on posted workers, who are sent by employers to work temporarily in another country. In 2019, she successfully sponsored an amendment saying that Members of the European Parliament \"may not be elected as office-holders of Parliament or one of its bodies, be appointed as rapporteur or participate in an official delegation or interinstitutional negotiations\", if they have not signed anti-harassment commitments.\nMorin was also a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Trade Unions and the European Parliament Intergroup on Wine, Spirits and Quality Foodstuffs.\nIn 2016, Morin publicly endorsed Alain Juppé in the Republicans’ primaries for the 2017 presidential elections. In the party’s 2017 leadership election, she endorsed Maël de Calan as party president.", "Since 2022, Morin has been serving on the European Commission's three-member Independent Ethical Committee.", "Toby Vogel (3 July 2014), MEPs elect five quaestors European Voice.\nMaïa de La Baume (10 May 2016), Countries flash ‘yellow card’ at EU changes to cross-border work rules Politico Europe.\nMaïa de La Baume (31 January 2019), MEPs adopt #MeToo measure, reject mandatory harassment training Politico Europe.\nMember of the European Parliament Intergroup on Trade Unions European Parliament.\nMember of the European Parliament Intergroup on Wine, Spirits and Quality Foodstuffs European Parliament.\nLudovic Vigogne, « Primaire à droite: la liste des premiers soutiens parlementaires », lopinion.fr, 20 avril 2016.\nLudovic Vigogne (12 October 2017), Les Républicains: souffrances, frayeurs et bonnes surprises de Maël de Calan L'Opinion.\nSarah Wheaton (21 July 2022), Revolving door jam Politico Europe." ]

[ "Élisabeth Morin", "Career in French politics", "Member of the European Parliament", "Life after politics", "References" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/%C3%89lisabethPlatel.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Platel (born 10 April 1959) is a French prima ballerina.", "After studying at the conservatoire in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, she entered the Conservatoire de Paris in 1971, graduating with First Prize, which allowed her to complete her studies at the École de Danse de l'Opéra National de Paris. Influential teachers of Platel were Pierre Lacotte, who worked with her in the Paris Opera School and Raymond Franchetti, who owned a studio where the budding dancer was able to watch professional artists taking class, among others soloists from the Paris Opera like Noëlla Pontois, or guest stars like Rudolf Nureyev.\nÉlisabeth entered the corps de ballet of the Paris Opéra Ballet in 1976 as a quadrille at the age of 17. She advanced quickly to successive ranks of the company's hierarchy. The following year she was promoted to coryphée. In 1978 she became sujet and danced her first soloist roles in ballets by George Balanchine, Divertimento No. 15 and The Four Temperaments. In 1979, at nineteen, she was appointed première danseuse.\nIn 1981 Platel started to prepare her first great classical ballet, La Sylphide with Pierre Lacotte, her former teacher. La Sylphide, this landmark work from 1832 which introduced romanticism in ballet and made Marie Taglioni a world-famous ballerina, became one of Platel's signature roles during her career at the Paris Opera. In that same year she also learned and danced the leading roles in Swan Lake, Paquita, and Giselle. At the issue of her debut as Giselle on 23 December 1981 she was nominated \"étoile\".\nWhen Rudolf Nureyev was invited in 1981 to mount his Don Quixote for the Paris Opera, he chose Platel to dance the Queen of the Dryads. For Platel it meant the beginning of a successful artistic collaboration with Nureyev, who became, especially when he was director of the Paris Opera Ballet (1983–1989), one of the most important figures in her career.\nIn 1983, Rudolf Nureyev mounted his first full-length ballet as recently appointed director of the Paris Opera Ballet, Marius Petipa's late masterpiece Raymonda. Elisabeth Platel was chosen to dance the title role at the premiere. The following year she created the roles of Odette/Odile in Nureyev's new version of Swan Lake for the Paris Opera. Swan Lake is her most frequently performed ballet. Nureyev also entrusted her with the creation of the leading roles in his versions of The Sleeping Beauty (1989) and his final work for the Paris Opera La Bayadère in 1992.\nElisabeth Platel has been a guest artist with Royal Ballet (London), Danish Royal Ballet, Hamburg Ballet, Ballet of the Vienna Opera, Ballet of the Berlin Opera, Finnish National Ballet, Bolshoi Ballet, Kirov Ballet, Royal New Zealand Ballet, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens, Municipal Theatre in Rio de Janeiro.", "On 9 July 1999, Platel gave her farewell performance as danseuse étoile of the Paris Opera in La Sylphide. At that time, Paris Opéra rules required female étoiles to retire at 40 (male étoiles retired at 45). Now, female and male étoiles retire at 42 and a half. For the occasion she performed with two of her favourite partners, Nicolas Le Riche and Manuel Legris, who danced the role of James Act I and II respectively.\nÉlisabeth Platel continued to perform with the Paris Opera as \"étoile invitée\" (principal guest artist). In 2000 she performed La Bayadère and Raymonda, in 2001 A Midsummer Night's Dream. On 20 January 2003 she took part in the Gala performance for Rudolf Nureyev at the Palais Garnier, dancing the variation from Raymonda Act III.\nÉlisabeth Platel succeeded Claude Bessy as director of the École de Danse de l'Opéra at the beginning of the 2004-2005 season.\nShe currently serves as a Jury Member for the Youth America Grand Prix.", "Le Spectre de la rose, (Fokine), young girl 1978.\nDivertimento No. 15 (Balanchine), soloist 1978.\nThe Four Temperaments (Balanchine), third theme 1978.\nLe Bourgeois Gentilhomme (Balanchine), pas de deux 1979.\nLife (Béjart), soloist 1979.\nSerait-ce la mort? (Béjart), soloist 1979.\nThe Sleeping Beauty (Petipa, staged Alonso), Lilac Fairy 1979.\nSchema (Nikolais), soloist 1980.\nLe sacre du printemps\" (Béjart), The chosen one 1980.\nVaslaw (John Neumeier), 1980.\nGiselle (Petipa after Coralli Perrot), staged Alonso), Myrtha 1980.\nLa Sylphide (Lacotte after Taglioni), title role 1981.\nSwan Lake (Vladimir Bourmeister after Petipa, Ivanov), Odette-Odile 1981.\nGiselle (Petipa after Coralli Perrot, staged Alonso), title role 1981.\nPaquita (Vinogradov after Petipa), title role 1981.\nDon Quixote (Nureyev after Petipa), Queen of the Dryads 1981.\nThree preludes (Stevenson), soloist 1981.\nLe chant du rossignol\" Massine, the nightingale 1981.\nThe Sleeping Beauty (Petipa, Nijinska, staged Hightower) princess Aurora 1982.\nVoluntaries (Tetley), soloist 1982.\nSerenade (Balanchine), soloist 1982.\nPas de Quatre (Dolin), Lucille Grahn 1982.\nRaymonda (Nureyev after Petipa), title role 1983.\nDon Quixote (Nureyev after Petipa) Kitri 1983.\nAgon (Balanchine), pas de deux 1983.\nLa Bayadère Act III \"Kingdom of the Shades\" (Nureyev after Petipa - Royal Ballet, London), Nikiya 1984.\nMarco Spada (Lacotte after Mazillier), Marquise 1984.\nViolin Concerto (Balanchine), soloist 1984.\nCarnaval (Fokine), Estrella 1984.\nPremier Orage Childs, soloist cr 1984.\nSwan Lake (Nureyev after Petipa, Ivanov), Odette-Odile 1984.\nCoppelia (Skouratoff - Ballet de Bordeaux), Swanilda 1985.\nPalais de Cristal Symphony in C\" (Balanchine), 2nd movement 1985.\nConcerto Barocco (Balanchine), soloist 1985.\nBefore Nightfall (Christe), soloist 1985.\nJardin aux Lilas (Tudor), Caroline 1985.\nSong of the Earth (MacMillan), soloist 1985.\nLa Sonnambula (Balanchine - Ballet de Nancy), title role 1985.\nSonate à trois (Béjart), soloist 1986\nManfred (Nureyev), the countess 1986.\nCinderella (Nureyev), title role 1986.\nGrosse Fugue (van Manen), soloist 1986.\nApollo (Balanchine), Terpsichore 1987.\nSymphony in Three Movements (Balanchine), soloist 1987.\nSans Armes Citoyens! van Dantzig, Woman of the people 1987.\nMagnificat Neumeier, soloist cr 1987.\nSuite en blanc (Lifar), soloist 1987.\nFour Last Songs (van Dantzig), soloist 1987.\nLes anges ternis (Armitage), soloist cr 1987.\nEtudes (Lander), soloist 1988.\nIn the Middle, Somewhat Elevated (Forsythe), soloist 1988.\nNotre-Dame de Paris Petit, Esmeralda 1988.\nThe Sleeping Beauty (Nureyev after Petipa), princess Aurora 1989.\nLes Présages (Massine), soloist 1989.\nIn The Night (Robbins), soloist 1989.\nLe Fils prodigue\" (Balanchine), the Siren 1989.\nSinfonietta (Kylian), soloist 1990.\nLes Noces (Nijinska), the bride 1990.\nVariations (S. Lifar), 1st variation 1990.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream (J. Neumeier), Titania 1991.\nLes Biches (Nijinska), chanson dansée \"la Garçonne \" 1991.\nGlass Pieces (Robbins), soloist 1991.\nDances at a Gathering (J. Robbins), soloist 1991.\nLa dame aux camélias (Neumeier - Hamburg Ballet), Marguerite 1992.\nLa Bayadère (Nureyev after Petipa), Gamzatti 1992.\nLes forains (Petit) 1993.\nThe Nutcracker (Neumeier) 1993.\nTill Eulenspiegel (after Nijinski) 1994.\nLa Bayadère (Nureyev after Petipa), Nikiya 1995.\nRhapsody (Ashton), soloist 1996.\nAllegro Brillante (Balanchine), soloist 1996.\nSylvia (Neumeier), 1997", "1978 : Silver medal (Junior Prize) in the International Ballet Competition at Varna, Bulgaria.\n1982: Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement of the Year in Ballet for her role in La Sylphide by Pierre Lacotte\n1983: West End Theatres Award\n1998: Prix Massine\n1999: Benois de la Danse for her role in Sylvia by John Neumeier", "1993: Chevalier des Arts et Lettres\n1998: Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur", "Élisabeth Platel article at Small Ballet Encyclopedia Source" ]

[ "Élisabeth Platel", "Career", "Retirement from the Paris Opéra Ballet", "Repertoire", "Prizes", "Honours", "External links" ]

[ 4361 ]

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[ "A French high-altitude climber" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Elisabethrevol.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Revol (born 29 April 1979) is a French high-altitude climber. In January 2018, Revol became the first woman to have climbed Nanga Parbat in Pakistan in winter; on the descent she was rescued, while her teammate Tomasz Mackiewicz died, an event which was widely covered by the mainstream press. Having narrowly avoided amputation of her left foot she traversed consecutively Mount Everest and Lhotse in May 2019.", "Revol was born in the Drôme area, France and her parents introduced her to mountaineering in the Ecrins massif. She began climbing at age of 19 and became a physical education teacher.", "In 2007 Revol went on her first expedition to Nepal. In 2008, she made a solo ascent of the three Himalayan mountains Broad Peak – Gasherbrum I – Gasherbrum II – within a 16-day period and without the aid of oxygen; her climbing partner Antoine Girard had fallen ill.\nIn April 2009, Revol attempted Annapurna with Czech climber Martin Minarik. After abandoning several attempts to gain Annapurna's main summit via the south-facing Bonnington route, Revol and Minarik reached Annapurna's East Summit via the 7 km ridge (altitude between 7,000 - 8,000 m) connecting the East summit to Roc Noir. Here, Revol and Minarik retreated, making no further attempt to gain Annapurna's main summit due to high winds. They returned to their high camp for the night, retracing their steps in the general direction of Roc Noir (7,485 m). The next day while continuing their descent, weather conditions deteriorated and Revol and Minarik were separated somewhere above 7,000 m. Unable to locate Minarik in the deteriorating visibility, Revol continued her descent alone, taking a (mostly) North/north-east facing col in the direction of Tilicho Lake. The following morning, after spending the night in a crevasse somewhere around 6000 m, Revol reported seeing Minarik descending the ridge at the top of the same col she took leading to Tilicho Lake. However the weather closed in rapidly and she lost sight of him. Out of food, water, fuel, and phone batteries, Revol continued her descent, eventually reaching the village of Manang from where she arranged for a rescue. A helicopter search was mounted (Fishtail Air); a multi-day ground search was also conducted by a small party of Sherpas. The ground search was abandoned after several days after becoming too dangerous to continue on with gaining further elevation in search of a sign of Minarik. Despite these extensive search efforts, no sign of Minarik was found.\nIn 2012, she participated in the Adventure Racing World Championships in France, which includes navigation, trekking, mountain biking, paddling and climbing. Revol joined Daniele Nardi in the winter of 2013, and Polish climber Tomasz Mackiewicz in the winter of 2015 to climb Nanga Parbat, known as the \"Killer Mountain\", in Pakistan; in 2015 Mackiewicz and Revol reached 7800m, and turned back because of bad weather. In January 2018, they succeeded to climb the Nanga Parbat in winter as the second team ever. Revol became the first woman to have climbed Nanga Parbat in winter.\nOn 23 May 2019, she reached the summit of Mount Everest using supplemental oxygen and climbed the adjacent Lhotse the following day.", "On 25 January 2018, during her fourth attempt of a winter ascent of Nanga Parbat, and Mackiewicz's seventh attempt, they reached the summit from the Diamer side. Revol noticed Mackiewicz's bad condition and started taking him down. According to Revol, he could not walk, see or communicate and was bleeding profusely from his mouth and nose; he had developed severe frostbite and snow blindness. She secured him from the wind in a crevasse, called for help and started the long descent.\nAnother Polish team which attempted the nearby summit of K2 was called for rescue. On 27 January 2018 the rescue team, including Denis Urubko and Adam Bielecki, were dropped off by a helicopter of the Pakistani military at 4,900 m (16,100 ft) on the mountain, and climbed 1,200m through the night rescuing Revol at 6,026 m (19,770 ft). Mackiewicz, who was believed to be in his tent at around 7,400 m (24,300 ft), could not be rescued due to bad weather and a snowstorm. She weighed just 45 kg when the rescue team managed to evacuate her, and suffered from severe frostbite to her hands and left foot. Revol was later carried to Islamabad for treatment, but was able to avoid any amputations.", "Revol's partner is Jean-Christophe. She is employed by Valandré, a high altitude down equipment manufacturer in Belcaire.", "\"Portrait of Elisabeth Revol\". Blue Ice. 4 January 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2019.\nStefan Nestler (9 February 2018). \"Adventure Sports - DW.COM\". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 22 September 2019.\nMontagnes (8 June 2019). \"Élisabeth Revol à l'Everest : Valandré rectifie le tir sur l'oxygène\". Montagnes Magazine (in French). Retrieved 22 September 2019.\n\"Stranded French climber flown from Pakistan's 'Killer Mountain'\". BBC.\n\"Polish rescue team finds French climber on Pakistan's \"Killer Mountain\"\". Reuters. Retrieved 29 January 2018.\n\"The Killer Mountain May Kill Aagain\". dreamwanderlust.com. 31 January 2018.\n\"Climbers rescue French woman stranded on Pakistan's 'Killer Mountain\". The Guardian. 28 January 2018.\n\"Killer Mountain' Strands Climber as Another Is Rescued\". National Geographic. 29 January 2018.\nMartin Walsh (5 February 2019). \"Elisabeth Revol Describes Nanga Parbat Rescue\". Explorersweb. Retrieved 21 September 2019.\n\"Élisabeth Revol gravit l'Everest un an après avoir failli perdre la vie dans l'Himalaya\". La Depeche (in French). 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.\n\"Rescuers call off efforts to save Polish climber missing on 'killer mountain' Nanga Parbat\". Dawn.com. 29 January 2018.", "Elisabeth Revol, sauvetage au sommet 8 February 2018 (TV France 2) 28 min, interview with and broadcast about Revol's rescue." ]

[ "Élisabeth Revol", "Early life", "Career and expeditions", "Rescue", "Personal life", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Roudinesco in 2007" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Elisabeth_Roudinesco.JPG" ]

[ "Élisabeth Roudinesco (Romanian: Rudinescu; born 10 September 1944) is a French historian and psychoanalyst, affiliated researcher in history at Paris Diderot University, in the group « Identités-Cultures-Territoires ». She also conducts a seminar on the history of psychoanalysis at the École Normale Supérieure. Biographer of Jacques Lacan and Sigmund Freud, she mainly worked on the situation of psychoanalysis worldwide but also published on the history of French Revolution, perverts and perversion, philosophy and Judaism. She has been awarded The Prix Décembre 2014 and The Prix des Prix 2014 for her biography of Freud, Freud, In his Time and Ours published by Harvard University Press. Her work has been translated into thirty languages.", "Roudinesco was born to half-Jewish parents in newly liberated Paris in September 1944, and grew up there. Her mother was Jenny Aubry, née Weiss, a daughter of the Judeo-Protestant bourgeoise, a renowned psychoanalyst and hospital neuro-paediatrician who spent her whole life looking after suffering children: abandoned, ill and in difficulty. She was an anglophile who, in the 1950s, introduced to France John Bowlby's theories on the importance of maternal care, and she worked in collaboration with the Tavistock Clinic in London. She was a friend of Jacques Lacan - and whose sister was the feminist Louise Weiss, of the Javal family. Her father was physician Alexandre Roudinesco, of Romanian origin, who had \"a passion for history and a phenomenal library\". He was born in Bucharest in a Jewish and francophile milieu, and his father had been an editor.\nShe received her secondary education in Paris at the Collège Sévigné. She studied Literature at the Sorbonne, with a minor in Linguistics; her master's degree was supervised by Tzvetan Todorov, and her doctoral thesis, entitled Inscription du désir et roman du sujet [Inscription of the desire and novel of the subject], by Jean Levaillant at the Université Paris VIII-Vincennes in 1975.\nShe also took classes with Michel de Certeau, Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault at the time of her master's degree. She next defended her \"habilitation à diriger des recherches\" (H.D.R – the French accreditation needed to supervise doctoral dissertations) in 1991 with Michelle Perrot as supervisor and Alain Corbin, Dominique Lecourt, Jean-Claude Passeron, Robert Castel, and Serge Leclaire as members of the examining committee. This work was published under the title Généalogies.\nFrom 1969 to 1981, she was a member of the École Freudienne de Paris, founded by psychoanalyst and philosopher Jacques Lacan. She was also a member of the editorial board of Action Poétique (1969–1979). She has written for French national newspapers, Libération (1986–1996), and then Le Monde since 1996.\nFor the past 30 years, she has been married to Olivier Bétourné, CEO of Éditions du Seuil.", "", "In the 1970s, Elisabeth Roudinesco's first works dealt with literary criticism, notably with Raymond Roussel, Antonin Artaud, Bertolt Brecht and Louis-Ferdinand Céline. At that time, her work concerned linking a singular trajectory and an author's work, without resorting to psycho-biography, in other words, the psychologization of literary work by the clinical study of its author. This approach allowed her to demonstrate that most of 20th century literature has been influenced by the history of Freudianism and psychological medicine based on the theory of degeneration.", "From 1979, Elisabeth Roudinesco writes a history of psychoanalysis in France. At that time, the main model was still the biography, because the archives and documents of the psychoanalytical movement were still in the hand of Freud's heirs.\nIndeed, this model corresponded to the historiographical trend centered on the notion of the founding father figure; a trend which is at the core of any quest of origins. However, this model has gradually declined.\nConsidering how psychoanalysis was established as a movement and system of thought, Elisabeth Roudinesco asserted that France was the only country where all the necessary conditions were gathered together, over a long period of time, to successfully establish Freudianism in scientific and cultural life. According to Elisabeth Roudinesco, this favorable situation dated back first to the French Revolution of 1789 which provided a scientific and legal legitimacy to reason, heed/gaze over madness, giving birth to the institution of the asylum. Then, the Dreyfus affair, which has precipitated the arrival of intellectuals' self-awareness as a class. Designating themselves as an 'avant-garde', they furnished fruitful and innovative ideas. Finally, the emergence of literary modernity with Baudelaire, Rimbaud and Lautréamont, who enunciate, in a new style of writing, the project of changing man through \"I is another\".", "Scholarly historiography emerged with such work as Henri Ellenberger's The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry, first published in 1970. Though this book had been known in English-speaking countries since that date, the book (published in French in 1974) remained largely unnoticed in France. Elisabeth Roudinesco republished it with a lengthy new preface in 1994.\nIn his work, Ellenberger developed a conceptuality of freudianism founded on archivistics and reference to the concepts of \"mental tools\", \"long length\" and \"system of thought\". This last category proposed presenting doctrines in their own terms and structures. The study of the system of thought of dynamic psychiatry, psychotherapies and psychological medicine no longer echoes back to a single founder, but to a plurality of singular itineraries, shattering the biographic model.\nFrom Ellenberger's thesis, Elisabeth Roudinesco retained several guiding principles, while adding methodology derived from the works of the French epistemological school: Georges Canguilhem and Michel Foucault. Thus, the study of system of thought becomes the form in which, at a given time, knowledge achieves independence, finding balance and entering into communication: a history of a man who thinks, systems which intertwine, but also a critical analysis of the concepts of consciousness and subject of knowledge.", "In 1993, Elisabeth Roudinesco published a biography of French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. From 1938, Lacan felt preoccupied by the generalized decline of the patriarchy and tried, like Freud and the English school, to promote the father figure within Western society, under the form of a symbolic function. Roudinesco highlighted the fact that the genius of Lacan's work is the introduction of elements from German philosophy (e.g., Nietzsche, Hegel, Heidegger) within the Freudian doctrine – creating a phenomenon Freud would have never conceived himself, since he built his theory on a biological model (darwinism), by consciously refusing to consider and include any philosophical discourses, contemporary or ancient, in his thought process.", "Physician and philosopher Raymond Tallis wrote a scathing review of the first English language translation of Roudinesco's biography, stating \"The innocence with which Roudinesco reports all kinds of clinical cock-ups [in Lacan's medical career] makes this book a particularly disturbing read for a medic.\" On the opposite, John Forrester, former head of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge University praised her work by saying that it is the most subtle and valuable work done on a national situation along with the work of Nathan Hale done on the American situation of psychoanalysis.", "From the study of the melancholic Théroigne de Mericourt (1989), early feminist and famous case of the annals of French alienism – she has been 'gazed' by Jean-Étienne Esquirol in La Salpêtrière – Roudinesco think the French Revolution is a paradigm in the French situation of Freudianism. For Roudinesco, it was necessary to include the analysis of patients into the analysis of doctrines as a major constituting element of the discourses of psychopathology.", "Roudinesco think that invariant conditions are required to introduce Freudian ideas and establish psychoanalytical movement in a given space. First, a psychiatric knowledge must have been previously constituted, namely a gaze over madness able to conceptualize the notion of mental illness to the detriment of explanation such as divine possession. Secondly, the existence of a State of right capable of guaranteeing the free practice of a transmission like the transferential kind.\nWhenever one or both of theses elements are lacking it explains why the establishment of Freudianism has not been possible (era of the world influenced by Islam or whom the organization is still tribal) or its disappearance ( under totalitarian regime, nazism and communism). She notices that military dictatorship didn't refrain the expansion of psychoanalysis in South American (notably Brazil and Argentina). Roudinesco assesses that caudillo regimes didn't try to eradicate psychoanalysis as a \"jewish science\" as did Nazism in the years 1933–1944 nor as a \"bourgeois science\" as did communism over the period 1945–1989.", "Since 1997, she has expressed political standing in various public debates. She stands in debates such as laicity, cloning, genetics, innate and acquired. She fiercely criticized INSERM's reports of experts over psychotherapies. She is one of the first signers of Pas de Zéro de Conduite's petition against systematic detection of delinquency of children under three years of age, as advocated by another INSERM's report.", "Her book, a biography of Sigmund Freud, has been awarded the Prix Decembre 2014 and then, the Prix des Prix 2014. Professor Emeritus of Psychology (Université catholique de Louvain) Jacques Van Rillaer has produced a critical review of this book. On the opposite, John Forester, former head of Department History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge University praised her work by saying that it is the most subtle and valuable work done on a national situation along with the work of Nathan Hale on the American situation of psychoanalysis.\nAvailable in English\nJacques Lacan & Co.: A History of Psychoanalysis in France, 1925–1985, 1990, Chicago, Chicago University Press\nMadness and Revolution: The Lives and Legends of Theroigne De Mericourt, 1993, Verso.\nJacques Lacan, 1997, New York, Columbia University Press.\nWhy Psychoanalysis?, 2001, New York, Columbia University Press (European Perspectives: A Series in Social Thought and Cultural Criticism)\n\"The Mirror Stage: An Obliterated Archive\" in The Cambridge Companion to Lacan, Jean-Michel Rabaté dir., 2003, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.\nFor What Tomorrow... : A Dialogue with Jacques Derrida, 2004, Palo Alto, Stanford University Press.\n\"Psychoanalysis\" in The Columbia History of Twentieth-Century French Thought, Lawrence D. Kriztman dir., 2006, New York, Columbia University Press.\nPhilosophy in Turbulent Times: Canguilhem, Sartre, Foucault, Althusser, Deleuze, Derrida, 2008, New York, Columbia University Press.\n« Lacan, The Plague », Psychoanalysis and History, ed. John Forrester, Teddington, Artesian Books, 2008.\n\"Humanity and Its Gods: Atheism\", in Psychoanalysis, Fascism, and Fundamentalism, ed. Julia Borossa and Ivan Ward, Vol. 11, no. 2, 2009, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.\nOur Dark Side: A History of Perversion, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2009.\n Revisiting the Jewish Question, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2013.\n Lacan: In Spite of Everything, London, Verso Books, 2014.\nLacan, Past and Present: A Dialogue (with philosopher Alain Badiou), New York, Columbia University Press, 2014.\nFreud: In His Time and Ours, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2016.\nAvailable in Spanish\nDiccionario de Psicoanalisis, con Michel Plon, 1998, Ediciones Paidos.\nPensar La Locura, Ensayos sobre Michel Foucault, con J.Postel y G. Canguilhem, 1999, Paidos Argentina.\nPor Que El Psicoanalisis? 2000, Paidos Argentina.\nLacan – Esbozo de una vida, Historia de un sistema de pensamiento, 2000, Fondo De Cultura Economica USA.\nLa Familia en Desorden, 2003, Fondo De Cultura Economica USA.\nEl Paciente, El Terapeuta y El Estado, 2005, Siglo XXI.\nNuestro lado oscuro – oskuro, Anagrama cheto.\nAvailable in French\nInitiation à la linguistique générale, 1967, Paris, L'Expansion scientifique française.\nUn Discours au réel : théorie de l'inconscient et politique de la psychanalyse, 1973, Tours, Mame.\nL'Inconscient et ses lettres, 1975, Tours, Mame.\nPour une politique de la psychanalyse, 1977, Paris, La Découverte.\nLa Psychanalyse mère et chienne, avec H.Deluy, 1979, Paris, Union Générale d'Editions.\nThéroigne de Méricourt. Une femme mélancolique sous la Révolution, 1989, Paris, Le Seuil.\nJacques Lacan. Esquisse d'une vie, histoire d'un système de pensée, 1993, Paris, Fayard.\nHistoire de la psychanalyse en France, vol.1, 1994, Paris, Fayard.\nHistoire de la psychanalyse en France, vol.2, 1994, Paris, Fayard.\nGénéalogies, 1994, Paris, Fayard.\nDictionnaire de la psychanalyse, avec Michel Plon, 1997, Paris, Fayard.\nPourquoi la psychanalyse?, 1999, Paris, Fayard.\nAu-delà du conscient : histoire illustrée de la psychiatrie et de la psychanalyse, avec J.P. Bourgeron et P.Morel, 2000, Paris, Hazan.\nL'Analyse, l'archive, 2001, Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France.\nLa Famille en désordre, 2002, Paris, Fayard.\nLe Patient, le thérapeute et l'État, 2004, Paris, Fayard.\nPhilosophes dans la tourmente, 2005, Paris, Fayard.\nLa part obscure de nous-mêmes – Une histoire des pervers, Albin Michel, Paris, 2007.\nRetour sur la question juive, Albin Michel, Paris, 2009.\nAvailable in Italian\nJacques Lacan : profilo di una vita, storia di un sistema di pensiero, Milano: R. Cortina, 1995.\nPerché la Psicanalisi? prefazione di Giancarlo Ricci, Roma: Editori Riuniti, 2000.\nQuale domani...? con Jacques Derrida, Torino : Bollati Boringhieri, 2004.\nAntropologia della cura, A cura di Elisabeth Roudinesco e Roberto Beneduce, Bollati Boringhieri, 2005\nAntropologia e Psicanalisi. Vol. I Etnopsicanalisi. Temi e protagonisti di un dialogo incompiuto. Vol. II Antropologia della cura, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 2005. A cura di Elisabeth Roudinesco e Roberto Beneduce.\nLa famiglia in disordine, Roma : Meltemi, 2006.\nLa parte oscura di noi stessi.Una storia dei perversi, Colla Editore 2008\nAvailable in German\nDie Geschichte der Psychoanalyse in Frankreich. Band I, 1994\nDie Geschichte der Psychoanalyse in Frankreich. Band II, 1998\nJacques Lacan. Bericht über ein Leben. Geschichte eines Denksystems, 1996, Kiepenheuer & Witsch.\nWozu Psychoanalyse?, 2002, Klett-Cotta.\nWörterbuch der Psychoanalyse, 2004, Wien, Springer.\nWoraus wird Morgen gemacht sein? Ein Dialog, J.Derrida, 2006, Klett-Cotta.\nAvailable in Portuguese\nJacques Lacan, Zahar, 1994.\nThéroigne de Méricourt – Uma Mulher Melancólica durante a Revolução, Zahar, 1997.\nDicionario de psicanalise, Michel Plon, Zahar, 1998.\nDe Que Amanhã..., Jacques Derrida, Zahar, 2004.\nFilósofos na tormenta, Canguilhem, Sartre, Foucault, Althusser, Deleuze e Derrida, Zahar, 2008.\nA Parte Obscura de Nós Mesmo, Zahar, 2009.\nRetorno à Questão Judaica, Zahar, 2010.\nLacan, a Despeito de Tudo e de Todos, Zahar, 2011.\nAvailable in Polish\nElisabeth Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan. Jego życie i myśl, Wydawnictwo KR, Warszawa 2005.", "Nathalie Jaudel\nRoudinesco, plagiaire de soi-même (suivi de : Lacan, Maurras et les Juifs). Éditions Navarin, Paris, 2011\nLa légende noire de Jacques Lacan : Élisabeth Roudinesco et sa méthode historique. Éditions Navarin, Paris, 2014", "Javal family\nHenri Ellenberger\nPaul Roazen", "(in French) Élisabeth Roudinesco. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7. Laboratoire ICT, UFR GHES.\nFreud: In His Time and Ours, by Élisabeth Roudinesco (review). By Janet Sayers. Times Higher Education, November 10, 2016.\nRoudinesco, L'inconscient et ses lettres, Mame, 1979\nPartially based on Roudinesco, Généalogies, Paris, Fayard, 1994.\nTallis, Raymond (1997) \"The Shrink from Hell\". The Times Higher Education Supplement, 31 October 1997, p. 20.\nPartially based on « Parcours de recherche: Élisabeth Roudinesco », Entretien avec Frédéric Gros et Franck Chaumon. Raisons politiques, 2007/1 nº 25 (in French).\n(in French) Sigmund Freud en son temps et dans le nôtre, Seuil, 2014 - Note de lecture de Jacques Van Rillaer" ]

[ "Élisabeth Roudinesco", "Life", "Methodology", "Literary", "History of psychoanalysis in France", "Ellenberger", "Lacan", "Critic", "Théroigne de Mericourt", "Freudianism and politic", "Political standing", "Bibliography", "Critical literature", "See also", "References" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Sophie Chéron, self-portrait, 1672", "Portrait of Mme Deshoulières, attributed to Élisabeth Chéron", "The title page of a 1694 edition of Cheron's translation of the Psalms into French." ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/%C3%89lisabeth-Sophie_Ch%C3%A9ron.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Elizabeth_Sophie_Cheron_01.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/1694_Cheron_Psalms_frontis.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Sophie Chéron (3 October 1648, Paris – 3 September 1711, Paris) is remembered today primarily as a French painter, but she was a renaissance woman, acclaimed in her lifetime as a gifted poet, musician, artist, and academician.", "She was trained by her artist father, while still a child, in the arts of enamelling and miniature painting. Her father was a rigid Calvinist, and endeavored to influence his daughter to adopt his religious belief, but her mother was a fervent Roman Catholic, and she persuaded Elizabeth to pass a year in a convent, during which time she ardently embraced the Catholic faith. At 22 in 1670 she was admitted to the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture as a portrait painter under the sponsorship of the influential artist Charles Le Brun. She was the fourth woman painter to enter the academy, nine years after Catherine Girardon, and three years after Madeleine and Geneviève, the two daughters of Louis de Boullogne.\nShe exhibited regularly at the Salon, and at the same time produced poetry and translations. She was fluent in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. She published her book of Psalm paraphrases in 1694, as the Essay de pseaumes et cantiques mis en vers, et enrichis de figures. Her literary talent was recognized in 1699 when she was named a member of the Accademia dei Ricovrati, in Padua, under the academician name of Erato. Her Psalms were later set to music by Jean-Baptiste Drouard de Bousset and Antonia Bembo, a Venetian noblewoman.\nShe was an affectionate daughter to both her parents and devoted her earnings to her brother Louis, who studied art in Italy. She was indifferent to proposals of marriage throughout her life, many from brilliant men in her intellectual circle. In 1708, at age 60, and to the surprise of her friends she married Jacques Le Hay, the King's engineer, after which she was known as Madame Le Hay.\nShe died aged 63 and is buried in the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris. The following lines are placed beneath her portrait in the church: \n\"The unusual possession of two exquisite talents will render Cheron an ornament to France for all time. Nothing save the grace of her brush could equal the excellencies of her pen.\"", "Especially well known are her portrait of Antoinette Deshoulières and her Descent from the Cross.\nHer notable writings are: \nLivre des Principes à Dessiner, 1706 ; A book of principles in drawing,\nPsaumes et Cantiques mis en vers, 1694 ; Psalms and Canticles,\nLe Cantique d'Habacuc et le Psaume, traduit en vers; The Song of Habakkuk and the Psalm, verse translated;\nLes Cerises Renversées, a small poem published in 1717 after her death, and put into Latin verse by Raux, in 1797.", "Clement Part 2\nElizabeth Cheron Brief Biography at the Brooklyn Museum 'Dinner Party' database of notable women. Accessed October 2017\n\"On this day… was born Élisabeth-Sophie Chéron\". Women'n Art. 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2019-09-18.\nMartayan Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine", "CHÉRON, Elizabeth Sophie Essay de Pseaumes mis en vers. Paris Michel Brunet 1694 listed on Bibliopoly by Martayan Lan, Inc. Accessed December 2007.\nCHERON, ELIZABETH SOPHIE at Women in the fine arts, from the Seventh Century B.C. to the Twentieth Century A.D. by Clara Erskine Clement, Part 2 out of 7 (1904). Accessed December 2007. At project Gutenberg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Sophie Chéron", "Life", "Works", "Notes", "References" ]

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[ "Her daughter Jeanne Sophie by Roslin." ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Countess_d%E2%80%99Egmont_Pignatelli.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Sophie de Lorraine (Marie Élisabeth Sophie; 1710 – 2 August 1740) was a French noblewoman and the second wife of Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, the notoriously lecherous Duke of Richelieu.", "She was born in 1710 and was the second daughter of Joseph de Lorraine, Count of Harcourt and his wife Marie Louise Jeannin de Castille. Her older sister Louise Henriette Françoise married Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon in 1725.\nAs a member of the House of Guise in France, she held the status of a princesse étrangère.\nFamily relations included Emmanuel Maurice de Lorraine-Guse, Duke of Elbeuf; Béatrice Hiéronyme de Lorraine, Abbess of Remiremont; Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine, Princess of Epinoy; and Queen Elisabeth of Sardinia.\nShe was proposed as a bride for Paul Anton, a prince of the Hungarian House of Esterházy, a distinguished soldier and patron of music. The marriage never materialised. \nIn the end, with the help of Voltaire, the Duke of Richelieu was married to Élisabeth Sophie. As she was a princess of the House of Lorraine, Richelieu had to ask permission from the reigning Duke of Lorraine, Francis III Stephen. The Duke of Lorraine accepted and Élisabeth Sophie married Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu on 7 April 1734.\nRichelieu had been married before to Anne Catherine de Noailles but had had no children. Élisabeth Sophie gave him two children, including the next Duke of Richelieu.\nIt was said at court that Élisabeth Sophie had a strong mind and a heart capable of great affection and gratitude. She was praised for her virtuous, passionate nature and was a devoted wife to one of the most notorious womanisers of the age.\nShe died of scurvy in her husband's arms on 2 August 1740, at about thirty years in age and only five months after the birth of her daughter. She was buried at the Chapelle de la Sorbonne on 20 August 1740. In 1780, her husband married again to Jeanne Catherine Josèphe de Lavaulx; there were no children from the marriage.", "Antoine de Vignerot du Plessis (4 February 1736 – 1791) married Adélaide Gabrielle de Hautefort in 1765 and had issue; married Marie Antoinette de Gallifet and had issue;\nJeanne Sophie de Vignerot du Plessis (1 March 1740 – 14 October 1773) married Don Casimir Pignatelli, Count of Egmont, Duke of Bisaccia in 1755; no issue.", "", "Future Holy Roman Emperor and husband of Empress Maria Theresa\nZinsser, Judith P. \"Emilie Du Chatelet: Daring Genius of the Enlightenment\". Googlebooks.org. Retrieved 2010-03-29.\n\"Mercure de France\". Googlebooks.org. 1736. Retrieved 2010-03-16." ]

[ "Élisabeth Sophie de Lorraine", "Biography", "Issue", "Ancestry", "References and notes" ]

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[ "Self-portrait, 1788" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Elisabeth_Terroux_-_Self-portrait_wearing_a_hat.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Terroux (1759–1822) was a Swiss painter active in Russia.\nTerroux was born in Geneva and trained under Jean-François Favre. She became a popular miniature painter and travelled to Russia where she was active for Catherine II. Her self-portrait was shown at the Paris Exposition Universelle (1878), \"Les Portraits nationaux\", palais du Trocadéro.\nTerroux died in Geneva.", "Elisabeth Terroux in Bénézit\n\"Notice historique et analytique des peintures, sculptures, tapisseries, miniatures, émaux, dessins, etc. exposés dans les galeries des portraits nationaux au Palais du Trocadéro\". Paris : Imprimerie nationale. August 12, 1879 – via Internet Archive." ]

[ "Élisabeth Terroux", "References" ]

[ 4368 ]

[ 20379 ]

[ "Portrait after Etienne Achille Demahis" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/%C3%89lisabeth_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_de_Lorraine%2C_princesse_d%27Epinoy_Demahis_Etienne-Achille.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth of Lorraine (Élisabeth Thérèse; 5 April 1664 – 7 March 1748) was a French noblewoman and the Princess of Epinoy by marriage. She is often styled as the princesse de Lillebonne. She was the mother of Louis de Melun, Duke of Joyeuse who disappeared under mysterious circumstances in 1724 and of Anne Julie de Melun, princesse de Soubise.", "A member of a cadet branch of the House of Guise, her father was the youngest son of Charles II de Lorrain, Duke of Elbeuf and Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, a natural daughter of Henry IV of France and Gabrielle d'Estrées. Her mother, Anne, was her father's distant cousin and was the only daughter of Charles IV of Lorraine and his secret wife Béatrice de Cusance.\nThe fifth of her parents' nine children, she was the only one of her siblings to marry or have children. She was styled Mademoiselle de Commercy at the French royal court, the princedom of Commercy being a subsidiary domain of the House of Lorraine.\nOn 7 October 1691, Mademoiselle de Commercy married Louis de Melun, Prince of Epinoy and Duke of Joyeuse, who was nine years younger than his bride). The couple had two children, one son born in 1694 and a daughter born in 1698. Only the latter would have issue.\nÉlisabeth Thérèse was the Duchess of Luxembourg-Saint-Pôl in her own right. She bought the duchy from Marie d'Orléans in 1705, and in 1724 she transferred it to her son, who died shortly after. It was later given to her daughter who passed it to her son Charles de Rohan.\nShe was a lady in waiting to Marie Anne de Bourbon, Princess of Conti (1666–1739), a legitimised daughter of Louis XIV of France. \nShe and her sister were said, by Saint-Simon, to be spies for Madame de Maintenon. While in the circle of the Grand Dauphin, she became close to his other half sister Louise Françoise de Bourbon known as Madame la Duchesse. She was also close to her uncle Charles Henri, Prince of Vaudémont and to Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme.\nIn 1721, at the death of her great-aunt, Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Élisabeth Thérèse was designated her heiress, despite Marguerite Louise having allegedly promised that she would make her children her heirs.\nShe lost both her children in 1724: Louis, having secretly married Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741), disappeared while at a ball at the Château de Chantilly in July. Anne Julie had died earlier from smallpox, leaving five young children.\nShe and her husband died on 7 March 1748 at the Hôtel de Mayenne. She was aged eighty-three.\nThrough her daughter, she is an ancestor of the present Duke of Montbazon of the House of Rohan.", "Louis de Melun, Duke of Joyeuse (October 1694 – 31 July 1724) married first to Armande de La Tour d'Auvergne, no issue; married secondly to Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741), no issue;\nAnne Julie de Melun (1698 – 18 May 1724) married Jules de Rohan, Prince of Soubise and had issue; was grandmother of Charlotte de Rohan, wife of Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé.", "", "von Rosen, Laurent Tahon (2002). Ducs de France: les 32 quartiers des ducs français et de leurs épouses. Googlebooks.org. ISBN 9782706816529. Retrieved 2010-04-07.\n\"Women in power\". guide2womenleaders.com. Retrieved 2010-03-26.\na daughter of Louis XIV by Madame de Montespan and wife of Louis de Bourbon-Condé, Monsieur le Duc\nGoldhammer, Arthur, tr., Saint-Simon and the court of Louis XIV [Translated memoirs of Saint-Simon], The University of Chicago Press, London, 2001, p.33\nActon, Harold (1980). The Last Medici. Macmillan. pp. 272–273\nDaughter of Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé" ]

[ "Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine", "Biography", "Issue", "Ancestry", "References and notes" ]

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[ 20380, 20381, 20382, 20383, 20384, 20385, 20386, 20387, 20388 ]

[ "Elisabeth Toutut-Picard" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/%C3%89lisabeth_Toutut-Picard.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Toutut-Picard (born 17 December 1954) is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who has been serving as a member of the French National Assembly since the 2017 elections, representing the 7th constituency of the Haute-Garonne department. Picard contracted COVID-19 on 7 March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "In parliament, Toutut-Picard serves as member of the Committee on Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning. In addition to he committee assignments, he is part of the parliamentary friendship group with Algeria and New Zealand. In 2020, Toutut-Picard joined En commun (EC), a group within LREM led by Barbara Pompili.", "In July 2019, Toutut-Picard decided not to align with her parliamentary group's majority and became one of 52 LREM members who abstained from a vote on the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.", "2017 French legislative election", "\"Elections législatives 2017\". Ministry of the Interior (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2017.\n\"Une députée LREM infectée par le coronavirus, le troisième cas à l'Assemblée\". Le Huffington Post (in French). 7 March 2020.\n\"Coronavirus: Four French MPs test positive for deadly virus as cases soar to over 1,200\". Daily Express. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.\nÉlisabeth Toutut-Picard French National Assembly.\nMaël Thierry (22 May 2020), L’appel de 46 députés LREM : « Nous voulons peser de l’intérieur » L'Obs.\nMaxime Vaudano (24 July 2019), CETA : qui a voté quoi parmi les députés Le Monde." ]

[ "Élisabeth Toutut-Picard", "Political career", "Political positions", "See also", "References" ]

[ 4370 ]

[ 20389, 20390, 20391 ]

[ "Self-portrait in a Straw Hat, 1782", "Self-portrait with her daughter Julie, 1786. Louvre Museum.", "Madame Perregaux, 1789. Wallace Collection.", "Marie Antoinette and her children, 1787. Palace of Versailles.", "Peace bringing back abundance, 1783. Louvre.", "Head of Emma Hamilton as the Comaean Sibyl], 1792. Metropolitan Museum of Art", "Princess von Esterhazy as Ariadne, 1793. Princely Collections, House of Liechtenstein.", "Alexandra and Elena Pavlovna, 1795-1797. Hermitage Museum.", "Madame de Staël as Corinne at Cape Miseno, 1807-1809. Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Geneva).", "Vigée Le Brun’s grave in Louveciennes", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (French: [elizabɛt lwiz viʒe ləbʁœ̃]; 16 April 1755 – 30 March 1842), also known as Madame Le Brun, was a French portrait painter, especially of women, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.\nHer artistic style is generally considered part of the aftermath of Rococo with elements of an adopted Neoclassical style. Her subject matter and color palette can be classified as Rococo, but her style is aligned with the emergence of Neoclassicism. Vigée Le Brun created a name for herself in Ancien Régime society by serving as the portrait painter to Marie Antoinette. She enjoyed the patronage of European aristocrats, actors, and writers, and was elected to art academies in ten cities.\nVigée Le Brun created 660 portraits and 200 landscapes. In addition to many works in private collections, her paintings are owned by major museums, such as the Louvre Paris, Uffizi Florence, Hermitage Museum Saint Petersburg, National Gallery in London, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and many other collections in continental Europe and the United States.\nBetween 1835 and 1837, when Vigée Le Brun was in her 80s, she published her memoirs in three volumes (Souvenirs).", "", "Born in Paris on 16 April 1755, Élisabeth Louise Vigée was the daughter of Jeanne (née Maisin), (1728–1800), a hairdresser from a peasant background, and Louis Vigée, a portraitist, pastellist and member of the Académie de Saint-Luc, from whom she received her first instruction. In 1760, at the age of five, she entered a convent, where she remained until 1766. Her father died when she was 12 years old. In 1768, her mother married a wealthy jeweller, Jacques-François Le Sèvre, and shortly after, the family moved to the Rue Saint-Honoré, close to the Palais Royal. In her memoir, Vigée Le Brun directly stated her feelings about her step-father: \"I hated this man; even more so since he made use of my father's personal possessions. He wore his clothes, just as they were, without altering them to fit his figure.” During this period, Élisabeth benefited from the advice of Gabriel François Doyen, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, and Joseph Vernet, whose influence is evident in her portrait of her younger brother, playwright and poet Étienne Vigée.\nBy the time she was in her early teens, Élisabeth was painting portraits professionally. After her studio was seized for her practicing without a license, she applied to the Académie de Saint-Luc, which unwittingly exhibited her works in their Salon. In 1774, she was made a member of the Académie. On 11 January 1776, she married Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Le Brun, a painter and art dealer. Vigée Le Brun began exhibiting her work at their home in Paris, the Hôtel de Lubert, and the Salons she held here supplied her with many new and important contacts. Her husband's great-great-uncle was Charles Le Brun, the first director of the French Academy under Louis XIV.\nOn 12 February 1780, Vigée Le Brun gave birth to a daughter, Jeanne Lucie Louise, whom she called Julie and nicknamed \"Brunette\".\nIn 1781 she and her husband toured Flanders and the Netherlands, where seeing the works of the Flemish masters inspired her to try new techniques. Her Self-portrait with Straw Hat (1782) was a \"free imitation\" of Peter Paul Rubens' Le Chapeau de Paille. Dutch and Flemish influences have also been noted in The Comte d'Espagnac (1786) and Madame Perregaux (1789).\nIn 1787, she caused a minor public scandal when her Self-portrait with Her Daughter Julie (1787) was exhibited at the Salon of 1787 showing her smiling and open-mouthed, which was in direct contravention of traditional painting conventions going back to antiquity. The court gossip-sheet Mémoires secrets commented: \"An affectation which artists, art-lovers and persons of taste have been united in condemning, and which finds no precedent among the Ancients, is that in smiling, [Madame Vigée LeBrun] shows her teeth.\" In light of this and her other Self-portrait with Her Daughter Julie (1789), Simone de Beauvoir dismissed Vigée Le Brun as narcissistic in The Second Sex (1949): \"Madame Vigée-Lebrun never wearied of putting her smiling maternity on her canvases.”", "As her career blossomed, Vigée Le Brun was granted patronage by Marie Antoinette. She painted more than 30 portraits of the queen and her family, leading to the common perception that she was the official portraitist of Marie Antoinette. At the Salon of 1783, Vigée Le Brun exhibited Marie-Antoinette in a Muslin Dress (1783), sometimes called Marie-Antoinette en gaulle, in which the queen chose to be shown in a simple, informal white cotton garment. The resulting scandal was prompted by both the informality of the attire and the queen's decision to be shown in that way. Vigée Le Brun's later Marie Antoinette and Her Children (1787) was evidently an attempt to improve the queen's image by making her more relatable to the public, in the hopes of countering the bad press and negative judgments that the queen had recently received. The portrait shows the queen at home in the Palace of Versailles, engaged in her official function as the mother of the king's children, but also suggests Marie Antoinette's uneasy identity as a foreign-born queen whose maternal role was her only true function under Salic law. The child, Louis Joseph, on the right is pointing to an empty cradle, which signified her recent loss of a child, further emphasizing Marie Antoinette's role as a mother.", "On 31 May 1783, Vigée Le Brun was received as a member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. She was one of only 15 women to be granted full membership in the Académie between 1648 and 1793. Her rival, Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, was admitted on the same day. Vigée Le Brun was initially refused on the grounds that her husband was an art dealer, but eventually the Académie was overruled by an order from Louis XVI because Marie Antoinette put considerable pressure on her husband on behalf of her portraitist. As her reception piece, Vigée Le Brun submitted an allegorical painting, Peace Bringing Back Abundance (La Paix ramenant l'Abondance), instead of a portrait. As a consequence, the Académie did not place her work within a standard category of painting—either history or portraiture. Vigée Le Brun's membership in the Académie dissolved after the French Revolution because female academicians were abolished.", "In October 1789, after the arrest of the royal family during the French Revolution, Vigée Le Brun fled France with her young daughter, Julie. Her husband, who remained in Paris, claimed that Vigée Le Brun went to Italy \"to instruct and improve herself\", but she certainly feared for her own safety. In her 12-year absence from France, she lived and worked in Italy (1789–1792), Austria (1792–1795), Russia (1795–1801) and Germany (1801).", "While in Italy, Vigée Le Brun was elected to the Academy in Parma (1789) and the Accademia di San Luca in Rome (1790). In Naples, she painted portraits of Maria Carolina of Austria (sister of Marie Antoinette) and her eldest four living children: Maria Teresa, Francesco, Luisa and Maria Cristina. She later recalled that Luisa \"was extremely ugly, and pulled such faces that I was most reluctant to finish her portrait.\" Vigée Le Brun also painted allegorical portraits of the notorious Emma Hamilton as Ariadne (1790) and as a Bacchante (1792). Lady Hamilton was similarly the model for Vigée Le Brun's Sibyl (1792), which was inspired by the painted sibyls of Domenichino. The painting represents the Cumaean Sibyl, as indicated by the Greek inscription on the figure's scroll, which is taken from Virgil's fourth Eclogue. The Sibyl was Vigée Le Brun's favorite painting. It is mentioned in her memoir more than any other work. She displayed it while in Venice (1792), Vienna (1792), Dresden (1794) and Saint Petersburg (1795); she also sent it to be shown at the Salon of 1798. Like her reception piece, Peace Bringing Back Abundance, Vigée Le Brun regarded her Sibyl as a history painting, the most elevated category in the Académie's hierarchy.", "While in Vienna, Vigée Le Brun was commissioned to paint Princess Maria Josefa Hermengilde von Esterhazy as Ariadne Princess Maria Josefa and its pendant Princess Karoline von Liechtenstein as Iris Princess Karoline. The portraits depict the Liechtenstein sisters-in-law in unornamented Roman-inspired garments that show the influence of Neoclassicism, and which may have been a reference to the virtuous republican Roman matron Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi.", "In Russia, where she stayed from 1795 until 1801, she was well-received by the nobility and painted numerous aristocrats, including the former king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski, and members of the family of Catherine the Great. Although the French aesthetic was widely admired in Russia, there remained various cultural differences as to what was deemed acceptable. Catherine was not initially happy with Vigée Le Brun's portrait of her granddaughters, Elena and Alexandra Pavlovna, due to the amount of bare skin the short-sleeved gowns revealed. In order to please the Empress, Vigée Le Brun added sleeves. This tactic seemed effective in pleasing Catherine, as she agreed to sit herself for Vigée Le Brun (although Catherine died of a stroke before this work was due to begin). While in Russia, Vigée Le Brun was made a member of the Academy of Fine Arts of Saint Petersburg. Much to Vigée Le Brun's dismay, her daughter Julie married Gaétan Bernard Nigris, secretary to the Director of the Imperial Theaters of Saint Petersburg. Julie predeceased her mother in 1819.", "After a sustained campaign by her ex-husband and other family members to have her name removed from the list of counter-revolutionary émigrés, Vigée Le Brun was finally able to return to France in January 1802. She travelled to London in 1803, to Switzerland in 1807, and to Switzerland again in 1808. In Geneva, she was made an honorary member of the Société pour l'Avancement des Beaux-Arts. She stayed at Coppet with Madame de Staël, who she painted as Corinne, ou l'Italie (1807).\nIn her later years, Vigée Le Brun purchased a house in Louveciennes, Île-de-France and divided her time between Louveciennes and Paris. She died in Paris on 30 March 1842, aged 86. She was buried at the Cimetière de Louveciennes near her old home. Her tombstone epitaph says \"Ici, enfin, je repose...\" (Here, at last, I rest...).", "During her lifetime, Vigée Le Brun's work was publicly exhibited in Paris at the Académie de Saint-Luc (1774), Salon de la Correspondance (1779, 1781, 1782, 1783) and Salon of the Académie in Paris (1783, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1791, 1798, 1802, 1817, 1824).\nThe first retrospective exhibition of Vigée Le Brun's work was held in 1982 at the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas. The first major international retrospective exhibition of her art premiered at the Galeries nationales du Grand Palais in Paris (2015—2016) and was subsequently shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City (2016) and the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa (2016).", "The 2014 docudrama made for French television, Le fabuleux destin d’Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun, directed by Arnaud Xainte, is available in English as The Fabulous Life of Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun.\nIn the episode \"The Portrait\" from the BBC series Let Them Eat Cake (1999) written by Peter Learmouth, starring Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, Madame Vigée Le Brun (Maggie Steed) paints a portrait of the Comtesse de Vache (Jennifer Saunders) weeping over a dead canary.\nVigée Le Brun is one of only three characters in Joel Gross's Marie Antoinette: The Color of Flesh (premiered in 2007), a fictionalized historical drama about a love triangle set against the backdrop of the French Revolution.\nVigée Le Brun's portrait of Marie Antoinette is featured on the cover of the 2010 album Nobody's Daughter by Hole.\nÉlisabeth Vigée Le Brun is a dateable non-player character in the historically-based dating sim video game Ambition: A Minuet in Power published by Joy Manufacturing Co.\nSinger-songwriter Kelly Chase released the song \"Portrait of a Queen\" in 2021 to accompany the History Detective Podcast, Season 2, Episode 3 Marie Antionette's Portrait Artist: Vigée Le Brun.", "", "", "", "", "", "Marie-Victoire Lemoine\nWomen artists", "Baillio, Joseph; Salmon, Xavier, eds. (2015). Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun. Paris: Éditions de la Réunion des musées nationaux—Grand Palais.\nKleiner, Fred S., ed. (2015). Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Vol. 2 (15th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning. p. 656. ISBN 9781305645059.\n\"National Museum of Women in the Arts\". Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2016.\nChristiane, Weidemann; Larass, Petra; Klier, Melanie (2008). 50 Women Artists You Should Know. Munich: Prestel. OCLC 195744889.\nThe Memoirs of Elisabeth Vigée-Le Brun. Translated by Siân Evans. London: Camden Press. 1989.\nGoodden, Angelica (1997). The Sweetness of Life: A Biography of Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun. London: André Deutsch Limited.\nNicholson, Kathleen. \"Vigée Le Brun, Elisabeth-Louise\". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 November 2014.\nLangmuir, Erika (1997). The National Gallery Companion Guide (rev. ed.). London: National Gallery Publications Ltd. pp. 328–329.\n\"Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat\". National Gallery. Retrieved 10 March 2018.\nDuffy, Stephen; Hedley, Jo (2004). The Wallace Collection's Pictures: A Complete Catalogue. London: Unicorn Press and Lindsay Fine Art Ltd. pp. 460–462.\nJones, Colin (2003). The Great Nation: France from Louis XIV to Napoleon. London: Penguin Books. p. 364. ISBN 9780140130935.\nBeauvoir, Simone de (2009). Extracts from The Second Sex. Translated by Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier. Vintage.\nLarkin, T. Lawrence (2003). \"'Je ne suis plus la Reine, je suis moi': Marie-Antoinette at the Salon of 1783\". Aurora: The Journal of the History of Art. 4: 109–134.\nBaillio, Joseph (May 1981). \"Le dossier d'une oeuvre d'actualité politique: Marie-Antoinette et ses enfants par Mme Vigée Le Brun (2e partie)\". L'Oeil (310): 53–60, 90–91.\nSheriff, Mary D. (2003). \"The Cradle is Empty: Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, Marie-Antoinette, and the Problem of Invention\". In Hyde, Melissa; Milam, Jennifer (eds.). Women, Art and the Politics of Identity in Eighteenth-Century Europe. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company. pp. 164–187.\nFidière, Octave (1885). Les Femmes artistes à l'Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. Paris: Charavay Frères.\nAuricchio, Laura (2009). Adélaïde Labille-Guiard: Artist in the Age of Revolution. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.\nSheriff, Mary D. (1996). The Exceptional Woman: Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun and the Cultural Politics of Art. Chicago: University of Chicago.\nMay, Gita (2005). Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun: The Odyssey of an Artist in an Age of Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300108729.\nBaillio, Joseph (1982). Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun. Fort Worth: Kimbell Art Museum.\nBaillio, Joseph, ed. (2005). The Arts of France from François Ier to Napoléon Ier. New York: Wildenstein. pp. 325–329.\nHottle, Andrew D. (2010). \"More Than 'a preposterous neo-classic rehash': Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun's Sibyl and its Virgilian Connotations\". Aurora: The Journal of the History of Art. 11: 120–146.\nBaumstark, Reinhold (1981). Masterpieces from the Collection of the Princes of Liechtenstein. Translated by Robert Erich Wolfe. Zürich: Artemis Verlag. pp. 312–313.\nNikolenko, Lada (1967). \"The Russian Portraits of Madame Vigée-Lebrun\". Gazette des Beaux-Arts. 70: 93–120.\n\"Russian Francophiles of the Dix-huitième\". Apollo (160): 420–451. June 1975.\nMay, Gita (2005). Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun : The Odyssey of an Artist in an Age of Revolution. Yale University Press. p. 201. ISBN 9780300108729.\n\"Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun: Woman Artist in Revolutionary France\". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 10 March 2018.\n\"Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (1755–1842)\". National Gallery of Canada. Retrieved 10 March 2018.\n\"Arnaud XAINTE - Producer/Director\". francecanadaculture. Retrieved 31 March 2020.\nGenzlinger, Neil (11 April 2007). \"How a Queen Lost Her Heart Before She Lost Her Head\". New York Times.\n\"Hole Reveal New Album Art and Tracklist\". Spin. 25 March 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2019.\nValentine, Rebekah (9 July 2020). \"Ambition: A Minuet in Power's extravagant aspirations\". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved 11 September 2021.", "The Memoirs of Madame Vigée Lebrun at Project Gutenberg\nArtcyclopedia entry\nNeil Jeffares, Dictionary of Pastellists before 1800, Online Edition\nArt UK: Works of art by Vigée Le Brun in British Collections\nGallery of works by Vigée Le Brun, articles, her memoirs, and biographical information\nVigée Le Brun: Woman Artist in Revolutionary France at the Metropolitan Museum of Art\nWorks by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) \nKatherine Baetjer: \"Vigée Le Brun: Woman Artist in Revolutionary France.\", Modern Arts Notes Podcast" ]

[ "Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun", "Biography", "Early life", "Marie Antoinette", "Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture", "Exile", "Italy", "Austria", "Russia", "Return to France and later life", "Exhibitions", "Portrayal in popular culture", "Gallery", "Portraits painted in France", "Portraits painted in Italy", "Portraits painted in Austria", "Portraits painted in Russia", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Vonarburg in 2006", "Élisabeth Vonarburg in 2013" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Elisabeth_Vonarburg.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/%C3%89lisabeth_Vonarburg_2013-04-13.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Vonarburg (born 5 August 1947) is a science fiction writer. She was born in Paris (France) and has lived in Chicoutimi (now Saguenay), Quebec, Canada since 1973.\nFrom 1979 to 1990 she was the literary director of the French-Canadian science fiction magazine Solaris. Her first novel, Le Silence de la Cité (The Silence in the City), appeared in 1981.\nShe has received several awards, including \"Le Grand Prix de la SF française\" in 1982 and a Philip K. Dick Award special citation in 1992 for In the Mothers' Land the English version of Chroniques du pays des mères.\nShe is the author of Cycle de Tyranaël.", "", "\"Dreams of the Real: Dreams of the Sea by Elisabeth Vonarburg\", by John Garrison, Strange Horizons, 28 June 2004\nÉlisabeth Vonarburg at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database" ]

[ "Élisabeth Vonarburg", "Bibliography", "External links" ]

[ 4402, 4403 ]

[ 20433 ]

[ "Letterhead used by Berthe Thuillier, with pictures of the medals she had won.", "Restoration of original hand-coloured frame from Méliès' Trip to the Moon" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Thuillier_letterhead.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Trip_to_the_Moon_Selenite_on_Shell.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth Thuillier (née Aléné; 1841 – 7 July 1907) and Marie-Berthe Thuillier (1867 – 1947) were a mother-daughter team of French colourists. They ran a workshop in Paris, where their employees hand-coloured early films and photographic slides using their plans and colour choices. They are remembered especially for the work they did for the director Georges Méliès.", "Élisabeth Aléné was born in Guénange in 1841. She was one of seven children of a Catholic farming family. She and three older siblings moved to Paris around 1848–50, during a period of mass migrations to cities spurred on by the Revolutions of 1848 and the 1846–1860 cholera pandemic. She worked variously as a cook and house servant before being hired to work for A. Binant, an art dealer and art supply merchant. Aléné gave birth to two children in 1864 and 1865; both died soon after and the father or fathers went unlisted in official records. In 1867, she had a third child, Marie-Berthe (known as Berthe), with Jules Arthur Thuillier of Forceville-en-Vimeu (1846-1875). He legally recognized the child at the time of birth, and he and Élisabeth Aléné were married in 1874. He died the following year, leaving no funds for his wife; it was probably at this time that Élisabeth Thuillier went into business for herself as a photograph colourist.\nIn 1888, when Berthe Thuillier was about twenty-one, she married a sculpture student, Eugène Boutier. (Boutier had displayed a bust of \"Mlle B.T.\", likely his future wife, at the Académie des Beaux-Arts' Salon the year before.) The couple lived among the Parisian art community in Montmartre; Berthe Thuillier worked as a photographer around this time, very unusually for a woman in nineteenth-century France. She gave birth to a daughter, Georgette, in 1889. She separated from her husband in 1902, and obtained a divorce from him in 1906.", "Élisabeth Thuillier had experience in colouring slides for magic lanterns, and in other kinds of photographic and colour work. Berthe Thuillier may have joined the work in 1887, when she was nineteen; she continued it as the head of the workforce after her mother's death. The Thuilliers had started colouring film by 1897. This cinematic work was still new and it was given last place in the printed description of Élisabeth Thuillier's exhibit for the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900. Its length reflects the wide scope of Thuillier's business:\nColours and colouring. Raw materials for tinting. Negative and positive photographs, on paper, on glass, on silk, on leather, on celluloid parchment. Stereoscopic prints on glass, coloured slides. Photochromy and artistic colour photographs. Film colouring for cinematography.\nThe Exposition jury awarded her a bronze medal.\nThe Thuillier studio kept on more than 200 employees, all women, to handle the film commissions they undertook. In a 1929 interview, Berthe Thuillier recollected spending her nights selecting colours and trying out samples. She described her colours for film as \"fine\" aniline dyes, creating transparent and luminous tones. These dyes were dissolved first in water and then in alcohol. Each colourist was assigned a single tone, tinting specific parts of each frame before passing the film on to the next worker, in assembly line fashion. Some areas to be coloured were so small that a paintbrush containing only a single horsehair was used.\nThe Thuilliers and their workers probably used four basic dyes: orange, a cyan-like blue-green, magenta, and bright yellow. These could be mixed to create other colours. The tones produced also changed depending the shade of grey of the film underneath. Some films used more than twenty distinct colours, and all the work was done by hand. The workshop was in the 7th arrondissement of Paris at 40 Rue de Varenne; around 1908 it moved to another building nearby, 87 Rue du Bac.\nAccording to Berthe Thuillier's recollections, her studio typically produced about 60 coloured copies of each film they took on. For 300 metres of hand-coloured film, the cost was about 6 or 7 thousand francs per copy.", "The Thuilliers handled all colouring work on Méliès' films from 1897 to 1912. The studio's work on Méliès's films was international; for example, the American distribution company Selig Polyscope negotiated with Méliès to have its prints shipped to France to be coloured by the Thuilliers' workers.\nThe Thuillier studio was also employed by the major French film studio Pathé, from 1898 or earlier through around 1912. In 1906 the Thuilliers were in negotiations to work exclusively for Pathé, but called off the agreement when it was made clear that they would have to share authority with a Mme. Florimond, whose husband was a key employee there. Another customer was experimental film-maker Raoul Grimoin-Sanson, according to his memoirs, although these are known to be undependable.\nThe pioneering director Segundo de Chomón was not a client but was introduced to the Thuilliers' techniques of hand-colouring through his wife Julienne Mathieu. Mathieu (Mme. Chaumont or Chomón) had worked in the Thuillier workshop, as a supervisor according to some sources, as well as acting in silent movies. Chomón soon moved on to adding colour with stencils.", "Élisabeth Thuillier's health declined at the end of her life, she died on 7 July 1907. (Her cemetery plaque cites the year as 1904, apparently an error.) During the peak period of her film colouring work, Berthe Thuillier married a second husband, the lawyer Eugène Beaupuy; she was widowed sometime before 1922–24. At that point, she moved to Forceville-en-Vimeu, where both her parents were buried, and lived there until her death in 1947.\nThe Thuillier hand-painting method was a relatively slow, expensive way of colouring reels of film, and the world of cinema eventually moved towards using stencils instead of freehand colouring; this was more efficient for multiple copies. The last known Thuillier client was Georges Dufayel, whose impressive department store Grands Magasins Dufayel housed a cinema and other attractions. In her 1929 interview, Berthe Thuillier expressed regrets about the disappearance of her craft.\nIn December 1929, she was invited to a gala given in Méliès' honour at Salle Pleyel. Several films were shown, including A Trip to the Moon. For this event, \"extremely delicate\" colour restoration work was undertaken by two Thuillier \"pupils\", according to Cinéa magazine. (Records indicate that this colouring was handled by a Paris cinematographic laboratory, Ateliers Fantasia; the two women cited in the magazine may have worked for this studio and been trained by the Thuilliers, but they have not been identified.) Since the original negatives had been destroyed, the women removed the colour from old positive copies of the films, made new negatives, then new positives, and re-coloured those. (Thuillier remarked to the press that if she had had sufficient time, she would have done the work herself.) Méliès introduced her in his speech at the gala as an \"eminent artist\" who did her work with a \"remarkable talent\". The audience applauded and called \"bravo\".", "Salmon, Stéphanie; Malthête, Jacques (2020), \"Élisabeth and Berthe Thuillier\", in Gaines, Jane; Vatsal, Radha; Dall'Asta, Monica (eds.), Women Film Pioneers Project, Center for Digital Research and Scholarship, Columbia University Libraries, retrieved June 17, 2020\nYumibe, Joshua (2013), \"French Film Colorists\", in Gaines, Jane; Vatsal, Radha; Dall'Asta, Monica (eds.), Women Film Pioneers Project, Center for Digital Research and Scholarship, Columbia University Libraries, retrieved 16 June 2016\nToulet, Emmanuelle (April 1986), \"Le cinéma à l'Exposition universelle de 1900\", Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine (in French), XXXIII: 182–183, JSTOR 20529217, Couleurs et coloris. Matières premières colorantes. Photographies négatives et positives, sur papier, sur verre, sur soie, sur cuir, sur parchemin celluloïd. Épreuves stéréoscopiques sur verres, et vues à projections en couleurs. Photochromie et photographies artistiques en couleurs. Coloris de films pour cinématographe.\nMazeline, François (13 December 1929), \"Mme Thullier nous rappelle… le temps où le cinéma ne manquait pas de couleurs\", L'Ami du Peuple. Quoted in Mélies, Georges (October 1982), \"Allocution au gala Méliès\", Les dossiers de la cinémathèque: 34–36.\nKizirian, Shari (14 March 2013), \"The Color of Silents\", Keyframe, Fandor.com, retrieved 17 June 2016\nMalthête-Méliès, Madeleine; Quévrain, Anne-Marie; Malthête, Jacques (1981), \"Avertissement\", Essai de reconstitution du catalogue français de la Star-Film; suivi d'une analyse catalographique des films de Georges Méliès recensés en France, Bois d'Arcy: Service des archives du film du Centre national de la cinématographie, pp. 5–11, ISBN 2903053073, OCLC 10506429\nYumibe, Joshua (2012), Moving Color: Early Film, Mass Culture, Modernism, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, pp. 84, 166\n\"Des trésors de films dans le domaine public. Europa Film Treasures\", La Revue des Ressources, 29 January 2013, retrieved 16 June 2016\nMélies, Georges (October 1982), \"Allocution au gala Méliès\", Les dossiers de la cinémathèque: 34–36\n\"L'Activité cinégraphique\", Cinéa: 26, 15 December 1929\nBessy, Maurice; Duca, Lo (1945), Georges Méliès, mage, Paris: Prisma, p. 194", "Demonstration of the Thuilliers' colouring process at francetv.fr (in French)\nhttp://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-forgotten-women-hand-painted-first-color-films: \"With a growing demand for professional film-coloring, some female colorists even opened their own studios, where they employed their own legions of young painters. One such French colorist was Elisabeth Thuillier, who owned and operated a workshop that worked on films for renowned director Georges Méliès from 1897 to 1912. Obsessively meticulous, Thuillier spent her nights sampling colors and planning palettes. By day, her crew of some 220 female workers executed her templates, delicately coating films with water-soluble aniline dye. Each woman applied a single shade at a time, in a rainbow-like Ford assembly line—a film could contain more than 20 distinct hues. Coloring each print of Méliès’s most famous work, Trip to the Moon (1902), required painting a grand total of 13,375 film frames.\"" ]

[ "Élisabeth and Berthe Thuillier", "Early lives", "Colourist work", "Clients", "Later life", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4404, 4405 ]

[ 20434, 20435, 20436, 20437, 20438, 20439, 20440, 20441, 20442, 20443, 20444, 20445, 20446, 20447, 20448, 20449, 20450, 20451, 20452, 20453, 20454, 20455, 20456, 20457 ]

[ "", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/%C3%89lisabeth_de_Vend%C3%B4me%2C_duchesse_de_Nemours.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_%C3%89lisabeth_de_Bourbon_as_Duchess_of_Nemours.png" ]

[ "Élisabeth de Bourbon (August 1614 – 19 May 1664) was a granddaughter of King Henry IV of France.", "Élisabeth was born in Paris. Her father was César de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, legitimised son of King Henry IV of France and his official mistress Gabrielle d'Estrées. Her mother was Princess Françoise of Lorraine (1592–1669), daughter and heiress of Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, himself a rival of Henry IV. Her mother was the Duchess of Mercœur and Penthièvre in her own right and was the greatest heiress of her time.\nStyled as Mademoiselle de Vendôme prior to marriage, she was the second of three children; she had two brothers, the Frondeur François de Bourbon, Duke of Beaufort and Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme whose wife Laura Mancini was a niece of Cardinal Mazarin. They were the parents of Louis Joseph de Bourbon, a very successful military commander and a Marshal of France.\nOn 11 July 1643 at the Louvre, Mademoiselle de Vendôme married Charles Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Nemours. The young prince was a member of a cadet branch of the house of Savoy which had settled in France. The young prince was a direct descendant of Philip II, Duke of Savoy as was Élisabeth. They had two daughters who would marry the heirs to the thrones of Savoy and Portugal, and three sons who died shortly after birth.\nIn 1652 the Duke of Nemours was killed by her brother François, Duke of Beaufort in a duel. Élisabeth herself died in Paris. She managed to secure the income of the lands of Nemours for her two daughters, but the titles were inherited by other members of the family.", "Marie Jeanne of Savoy, Mademoiselle de Nemours (1644–1724) married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy in 1665.\nStillborn daughter\nMarie Françoise of Savoy, Mademoiselle d'Aumale (1646–1683) married Afonso VI of Portugal in 1666 and afterwards Afonso's brother Pedro II of Portugal.\nPrince Joseph of Savoy (1649–1649)\nPrince Francis of Savoy (1650–1650)\nPrince Charles Amadeus of Savoy (1651–1651)", "", "Media related to Élisabeth de Bourbon at Wikimedia Commons" ]

[ "Élisabeth de Bourbon", "Biography", "Issue", "Ancestry", "See also" ]

[ 4406, 4407 ]

[ 20458, 20459, 20460, 20461, 20462 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Elisabeth_de_Feydeau.jpg" ]

[ "Élisabeth de Feydeau (born 28 July 1966), is a French historian and writer. She is also an expert in fragrance.", "Élisabeth de Feydeau de Saint-Christophe, born Mabille de Poncheville, is the granddaughter of André Mabille de Poncheville, a French poet and writer, and the great-granddaughter of Georges Vidor, a shipowner. Of this family legacy, she developed from an early age a taste for writing, history, and French culture.\nAt sixteen, she discovered the emotional power of fragrance when she first smelt L'heure bleue by Guerlain, which she instant fell in love with. Ever since, she has felt intensely for the world of fragrances, which for her echoed the world of music, and the piano pieces she had studied when she was a child.\nAfter a doctorate in history, she became a member of the commission responsible for cultural affairs at the fashion firms Chanel and Bourjois. She established and managed the departments there, acquiring her first basic knowledge of the raw materials for fragrance.\nAfter this experience, she decided, in 1997, to found her own firm, \"Arty Fragrance\", where she started working as a consultant for olfactory and cultural development. She moved on to work for prestigious names in the world of fragrance-making: among others, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Chanel, Christian Dior Perfume, L'Oréal Paris, and also Guerlain.\nShe continued her fundamental research work fragrance and wrote books about it: Jean-Louis Fargeon, perfumer of Marie-Antoinette (2005), L'Herbier de Marie-Antoinette (2012), Les Parfums, histoire, dictionnaire, anthologie (2011), Les 101 mots du parfums (2013)...\nToday a well-known expert on perfume, she has been acknowledged as such by famous, high-profile perfume companies. Since 1998, she has been teaching at the \"School of Fragrances\", in Versailles.\nShe has put up several exhibitions, such as \"Parfums de Promenade\", in the \"Galerie des Galeries\" (Galeries Lafayette, 2001) and at \"La Cour des Senteurs de Versailles\" (2013). She has also animated workshops and conferences all around the world, particularly in Francophone countries.\nIn 2011, she introduced the brand \"Arty Fragrance by Elisabeth de Feydeau\", where she created and commercialized a more confidential line of perfumes, all inspired by the luxury and sophistication of the French 17th and 18th centuries, such as they could be felt, more than anywhere else, at the Château de Versailles: she has often wandered around in the Park of Versailles, while doing research work for her books. In 2006, she was chosen by the rose-breeder Meilland to be godmother to the new rose called \"Petit Trianon\", along with another perfume-maker, Francis Kurkdjian, with whom she had just recreated the fragrance of French queen Marie-Antoinette: Le Sillage de la Reine.\nSince 2008, she has been holding a blog where she regularly publishes articles about perfumes, perfume-makers – and, in a more general way, about the world of perfumes.", "2005: Prix Guerlain for her book Jean-Louis Fargeon, parfumeur de Marie-Antoinette (2005)\n2010: Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres by the culture minister, Frederic Mitterrand.\n2010: Dame de la Jurade in Saint-Émilion.\n2013: Achievement Award in the category of Créateur de la part du CEW (Cosmetic Executive Women)", "France, Terre de Luxe (La Martinière Group, 2000 in collaboration with Jacques Marseille)\nL'un des sens, parfum du XXème siècle (Milan, 2001 in collaboration)\nLe Livre des grandes marques: à la découverte des marques grand public parmi les plus fortes de France, collectif (Milan's editions, 2003)\nJean-Louis Fargeon, parfumeur de Marie-Antoinette (Perrin, 2005, translate in several languages)\nDiptyque (Perrin, 2007)\nLes Parfums : histoire, anthologie, dictionnaire (Robert Laffont, 2011)\nL’Herbier de Marie-Antoinette (Flammarion, 2012, under the direction of Alain Baraton, translate in several language)\nLes 101 mots du parfum (Archibooks, 2013)\nBourjois : la beauté à l'accent français depuis 1863, Editions du Chêne, 2014\nLe roman des Guerlain. Parfumeurs de Paris, Flammarion, 2017", "de Noblet, Christel (March 2014). \"Elisabeth de Feydeau, la passion du parfum\". Madame. p. 39. Retrieved 12 October 2017 – via issuu." ]

[ "Élisabeth de Feydeau", "Biography", "Distinctions", "Publications", "References" ]

[ 4408 ]

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[ "Élisabeth de Gramont in 1889" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Elisabeth_de_Gramont_-_Nadar_-_1889.jpg" ]

[ "Antoinette Corisande Élisabeth, Duchess of Clermont-Tonnerre (née de Gramont; 23 April 1875 – 6 December 1954) was a French writer of the early 20th century, best known for her long-term lesbian relationship with Natalie Clifford Barney, an American writer. Élisabeth de Gramont had grown up among the highest aristocracy; when she was a child, according to Janet Flanner, \"peasants on her farm... begged her not to clean her shoes before entering their houses\". She looked back on this lost world of wealth and privilege with little regret, and became known as the \"red duchess\" for her support of socialism and feminism.\nShe was a close friend, and sometimes critic of writer Marcel Proust, whom she had first met on 9 June 1903.", "Antonia Corisande Élisabeth de Gramont was born on 23 April 1875 in Nancy, France. Called \"Lily\", she was the daughter of Agénor, 11th duc de Gramont, and his wife, née Princesse Isabelle de Beauvau-Craon. Her mother died giving birth to her. Her father soon married again to the wealthy Marguerite de Rothschild.\nGramont was educated for her class and married Philibert, duc de Clermont-Tonnerre. They had two daughters together.", "American writer Natalie Barney and Duchess de Clermont-Tonnerre first met in the spring of 1909; they became lovers on 1 May 1910, a date that they celebrated as their anniversary. Although neither was faithful to the other sexually, they were devoted to one another for their entire lives. Elisabeth's husband is said to have been violent and tyrannical.\nThe Duchess accepted Barney's ways—perhaps reluctantly at first—and went out of her way to be gracious to Barney's other lovers. For example, the Duchess always included Romaine Brooks when she invited Barney to vacation in the country. Brooks and Barney developed a strong relationship about 1916, and both de Gramont and Brooks had to live with Barney's infidelity. But the three women eventually formed a kind of trio and were devoted to one another for the rest of their lives.\nOn 20 June 1918 Barney and De Gramont filed an \"unofficial\" but, at least to them, binding \"marriage contract\". The contract stated, in part;\n\"After nine years of life together, joys and worries shared, and affairs confessed. For the survival of the bond that we believe-and wish to believe-is unbreakable, since at its lowest level of reciprocal emotionalism that is the conclusion reached. The union, sorely tried by the passing years, failed doubly the faithfulness test in its sixth year, showing us that adultery is inevitable in these relationships where there is no prejudice, no religion other than feelings, no laws other than desire, incapable of vain sacrifices that seem to be the negation of life...\"\nIn essence, the contract was to bind them together, at least in their own minds, but did not require them to being only with one another sexually. The contract was honored by both until the Duchess' death in 1954.\nDe Gramont was divorced from Philibert in 1920. She participated in Popular Front parades, and supported politicians of the left. She died in Paris and is buried at Ancy-le-Franc, near the family castle of Clermont-Tonnerre.", "Almanach des bonnes chances de France, 1930\nLe Diable chez la marquise, Littéraires, ca; 1938\nAutour de Saint-James, Du Pavois (publishers), 1945\nBarbey d'Aurevilly, Grasset, 1946\nLa Famille des Clermont-Tonnerre, Fasquelle, 1950\nLa Femme et la robe, La Palatine, Paris, Geneva, 1952\nLe Comte d'Orsay et Lady Blessington, 1955\nMarcel Proust, Flammarion, 1948\nMémoires d'Élisabeth de Gramont, Grasset, 1929\nSouvenirs du monde de 1890 à 1940", "\"Gramont, Elisabeth de, 1875-1954\". Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 March 2021.\nSouhami, Diana (2007). Wild Girls: Paris, Sappho, and Art: The Lives and Loves of Natalie Barney and Romaine Brooks. Macmillan. p. 74.\nSouhami, 72\nSouhami, Diana (2005). Wild Girls: Paris, Sappho, and Art. St. Martin's Press. pp. 72–9. ISBN 0-312-34324-8.\nRapazzini, Francesco (Fall 2005). \"Elisabeth de Gramont, Natalie Barney's \"eternal mate\"\". South Central Review. 22 (3): 6–31. doi:10.1353/scr.2005.0053. S2CID 170974270.\nSouhami, p. 73", "Diana Souhami (2007). Wild Girls: Paris, Sappho, and Art: The Lives and Loves of Natalie Barney and Romaine Brooks. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-36660-5.", "Painting of Elisabeth de Gramont by Romaine Brookes\nThrough the years\nhttp://www.marcelproust.it/gallery/gramont.htm#" ]

[ "Élisabeth de Gramont", "Early life", "Natalie Barney", "Bibliography", "References", "Sources", "External links" ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "Élisabeth de Mac Mahon née Elisabeth Charlotte Sophie de la Croix de Castries (13 February 1834 – 20 February 1900) was the wife of the President of France Patrice de MacMahon.", "de la Croix de Castries was born in Paris in 1834, the daughter of Comte Armand de la Croix de Castries (1807–1862), of the House of Castries, a noble family from Languedoc, by his wife Maria Augusta d′Harcourt, of the House of Harcourt.\nShe married, on 14 March 1854, Patrice de Mac-Mahon, who was to become Marechal de France and Duke of Magenta in 1859. Her spouse became President of France in 1873. Élisabeth de Mac Mahon established and participated in representation, decorated the Presidential Palace, hosted balls where she mixed the old and new aristocracy, dressed in the latest fashion and became the president in the French Red Cross, where she started a charity project in making baby clothes for the poor.\nÉlisabeth de Mac Mahon is known to have exerted influence upon the affairs of state during the presidency of Mac-Mahon. Her opinion about various political ministers and officials were respected, and she supported the claims of the count of Chambord on the throne of France. She played a part in the 16 May 1877 crisis, which ultimately led to her husband′s resignation in January 1879.\nIn 1898, she had a paralytic attack, from which she only partially recovered, and she died in Paris on 20 February 1900.\nThe Magentas left four children:\nMarie–Armand Patrice de MacMahon (1855–1927), who succeeded as Duke of Magenta, and who married Princess Marguerite d′Orleans (1869-1940), daughter of Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres\nMarie-Eugène de MacMahon, comte de MacMahon (1857–1907)\nMarie-Emmanuel de MacMahon, comte de MacMahon (1859–1930)\nMarie de MacMahon (1863–1964), who married Comte d′Halwin de Piennes", "\"Obituary - Mme de MacMahon\". The Times. No. 36072. London. 22 February 1900. p. 5." ]

[ "Élisabeth de Mac Mahon", "Biography", "References" ]

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[ "Engraving of Élisabeth de Vaudey", "The letter in which Napoleon accepted the resignation of Mlle. de Vaudey" ]

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[ "Élisabeth-Antoinette Le Michaud d'Arçon de Vaudey (27 October 1773, in Besançon – 1833?) was a French lady-in-waiting (Dame du Palais). She was famous for her affair with the French Emperor Napoleon, which was a cause of a violent scene between the Emperor and the Empress Joséphine shortly before their coronation.", "She was born daughter of general Jean Le Michaud d'Arçon and in 1790 married at the age of 16 to captain François-Xavier-Octave Barberot de Vaudey de Vellexon, who emigrated the year after.\nElisabeth de Vaudey was a member of the lower nobility, described by her contemporaries as \"a very pretty woman, witty, a musician, with a nice voice, well educated, but also very much an intriguer.\" By another she is described as \"charming, entirely graceful, entirely sweet, with a pretty face, very good teeth, admirable blonde hair, an aquiline nose (if a bit long, hooked and of plain character), a remarkable hand, a very small foot.\"", "She was chosen to be a lady-in-waiting for the Empress Joséphine, and took her oath at the Château de Saint-Cloud on 1 July 1804. On 24 July, de Vaudey was with the Emperor on a trip to visit the waters of Aix-la-Chapelle to improve his fertility. On this trip, de Vaudey caught Napoleon's attention and became his favorite mistress at the time. The affair was tumultuous and short-lived, however, and was the scene for one of the most famous romantic episodes of Napoleon. Eventually Joséphine's jealously became aroused and she grew to suspect that the two were having an affair. \nOn 25 October of the same year, while Joséphine was in the salon entertaining guests at Saint-Cloud, through the window she saw de Vaudey quickly leave her apartment. She suspected something, and after telling her confidant Mme. de Rémusat her plans, she went to Napoleon's chamber only to find him absent. There was a small staircase which led from Napoleon's room to a small apartment on the higher level and after climbing the staircase Joséphine heard the two of them talking, and even mentioning Joséphine's name. Joséphine froze and then knocked on the door and ordered them to open it. After a long delay, the door was opened, with the room in obvious disarray. De Vaudey broke into tears. Napoleon, who had experienced the jealousy of his wife on previous occasions, was red with anger. Joséphine, although she feared the consequences, lashed out at the two of them with fierce remonstrances. Before Napoleon could respond, she left quickly and returned to the salon in a state of anxiety. Soon after, Napoleon approached her in her bedchamber and gave vent to his fury. He said he was sick of her spying on him, and was going to divorce her and marry a woman who could give him an heir. The threat was too much for Joséphine and she broke down. Napoleon's anger was abated only after his adopted daughter soothed him and encouraged him to reconcile with her mother. Eventually the two made up, and only a few weeks later were crowned Emperor and Empress by Pope Pius VII at Notre-Dame Cathedral. Mme. de Vaudey meanwhile had fled the palace that same day and was soon ordered by Napoleon to resign her post. The official reason was that she was a terrible spendthrift and was constantly in debt due to her insatiable appetite for shopping and \"having fun\" and always looked to the Imperial treasury to provide her with funds.\nAlthough this is true, one cannot mistake the timing of this episode, and it is likely that the affair of 25 October contributed in no small part to her departure. De Vaudey submitted her resignation letter to Joséphine, but without \"going into any details\", as she was ordered to do. She lost her title and imperial allowance on 29 October 1804 (7 brumaire, an XIII).", "She died in poverty in a poor house in Paris.", "Elisabeth de Vaudey figures as a character in Abel Gance's 1960 film Austerlitz.", "Marie-Louise-Sophie de Grouchy Condorcet (marquise de), Aimée de Coigny Captives de l'amour 1933 p117 \"Elle était demoiselle Antoinette-Élisabeth Le Michaud d'Arçon, fille du général, avant d'épouser en 1790, le capitaine au régiment de Bourgogne cavalerie, Octave Barberot de Vaudey, à Besançon, d'où elle était originaire. Frédéric Masson, dans son livre Napoléon et les Femmes, assure que Madame de Vaudey était une « fort belle \"\nThiebaud, J.-M. & Tissot-Robbe, G. Elisabeth le Michaud d'Arcon: Maitresse de Napoleon. (Yens sur Morges: Cabedita, 2006): \"tres jolie personne, spirituelle, musicienne, voix sympathique, tres instruite, mais aussi tres intrigante.\"\nThiebaud & Tissot-Robbe: \"charmante, toute grace, toute douceur, avec joli visage, de tres belles dents, d'admirables cheveux blonds, un nez aquilin un peu long, mais busque et plein de caractere, une main a remarquer, un tres petit pied\"\nThiebaud & Tissot-Robbe.", "Avrillion, Marie Jeanne. Memoires de Mademoiselle Avrillion, Premiere femme sa chambre de l'imperatrice, sur la vie privee de Josephine. Sa famille et sa cour. (Paris: Garnier Freres, 1896)\nMasson, Frederic. Napoleon et les Femmes, 4e ed. (Paris: Paul Ollendorff, 1894).\nRemusat, Madame de. Memoires, 1802-1808, publies par son petit-fils Paul de Remusat. (Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1879-1880, 3 vols., t. II, pp. 44–47).\nThiebaud, J.-M. & Tissot-Robbe, G. Elisabeth le Michaud d'Arcon: Maitresse de Napoleon. (Yens sur Morges: Cabedita, 2006).\nVaudey, Mme. de. Souvenirs du Directoire et de l'Empire. (Paris: Imprimerie de Cosson, 1848).", "Austerlitz at IMDb" ]

[ "Élisabeth de Vaudey", "Life", "Lady in waiting", "Death", "Portrayal in popular culture", "Notes", "References and further reading", "External links" ]

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[ "Portrait by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (circa 1782)", "Élisabeth as a child by Joseph Ducreux, 1768", "Élisabeth Philippe Marie Helene de France by Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, c. 1775", "Madame Elisabeth with harp", "Vigée Le Brun, manner of – Élisabeth of France", "Elisabeth de France Labille-Guiard 1787", "Élisabeth during the Demonstration of 20 June 1792.", "Kucharski Madame Elisabeth Temple", "The farewell between the former Louis XVI and his family, including Élisabeth, before his execution.", "Madame Élisabeth by François-Séraphin Delpech, c.1823", "" ]

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[ "Élisabeth Philippe Marie Hélène of France (3 May 1764 – 10 May 1794) was a French princess. She was the youngest child of Louis, Dauphin of France, and Duchess Maria Josepha of Saxony, and she was a sister of King Louis XVI. Élisabeth's father, the Dauphin, was the son and heir of King Louis XV. Élisabeth remained beside her brother and his family during the French Revolution and was executed at Place de la Révolution in Paris during the Reign of Terror. She is regarded by the Catholic Church as a martyr and was declared a Servant of God by Pope Pius XII.", "Élisabeth was born on 3 May 1764 in the Palace of Versailles, the youngest child of Louis, Dauphin of France and Marie-Josèphe of Saxony. Her paternal grandparents were King Louis XV of France and Queen Maria Leszczyńska. As the granddaughter of the king, she was a Petite-fille de France.\nAt the sudden death of her father in 1765, Élisabeth's oldest surviving brother, Louis Auguste (later to be Louis XVI) became the new Dauphin (the heir apparent to the French throne). Their mother Marie Josèphe died in March 1767 from tuberculosis. This left Élisabeth an orphan at just two years old, along with her older siblings: Louis Auguste, Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence, Charles Philippe, Count of Artois and Marie Clotilde of France.\nÉlisabeth and her elder sister, Clothilde of France, were raised by Madame de Marsan, Governess to the Children of France. The sisters were considered very dissimilar in personality. While Elisabeth was described as \"proud, inflexible, and passionate\", Clothilde was in contrast estimated to be \"endowed with the most happy disposition, which only needed guiding and developing\". They were given the usual education of contemporary royal princesses, focusing upon accomplishments, religion and virtue, an education to which Clothilde reportedly willingly subjected herself. They were tutored in botany by M. Lemonnier, in history and geography by M. Leblond, and in religion by Abbé de Montigat, Canon of Chartres, and they followed the court among the royal palaces, with their days divided between studies, walks in the Park, and drives in the forest. Madame de Marsan would often take her to visit the students at St. Cyr, where select young ladies were presented to be introduced to the princess.\nWhile Clothilde was described as a docile pupil \"who made herself loved by all who approached her\", Élisabeth long refused to study, saying that \"there were always people at hand whose duty it was to think for Princes\", and treated her staff with impatience. Madame de Marsan, who was unable to handle Élisabeth, preferred Clothilde, which made Elisabeth jealous and created a rift between the sisters. Their relationship improved when Élisabeth fell ill and Clothilde insisted upon nursing her, during which time she also taught Élisabeth the alphabet and gave her an interest in religion, which prompted a great change in the girl's personality; Clothilde soon came to be her sister's friend, tutor, and councillor. After this, Elisabeth was given Marie Angélique de Mackau as her tutor, who reportedly had \"the firmness which bends resistance, and the affectionate kindness which inspires attachment\", and under whose tuition Elisabeth made progress in her education, as well as developing a softer personality, with her strong will directed toward religious principles.\nIn 1770, her eldest brother, the Dauphin, married Marie Antoinette of Austria. Marie Antoinette found Élisabeth delightful, and reportedly demonstrated too openly that she preferred her to her sister Clothilde, which caused some offence at court.", "On 10 May 1774, her grandfather Louis XV died, and her elder brother Louis Auguste ascended the throne as Louis XVI.\nIn August 1775, her sister Clothilde left France for her marriage to the crown prince of Sardinia. The farewell between the sisters was described as intense, with Élisabeth hardly able to tear herself from Clothilde's arms. Queen Marie Antoinette commented:\n\"My sister Elisabeth is a charming child, who has intelligence, character, and much grace; she showed the greatest feeling, and much above her age, at the departure of her sister. The poor little girl was in despair, and as her health is very delicate, she was taken ill and had a very severe nervous attack. I own to my dear mamma that I fear I am getting too attached to her, feeling, from the example of my aunts, how essential it is for her happiness not to remain an old maid in this country.\"\n\"She shows on the occasion of her sister's departure and in several other circumstances a charming good sense and sensibility. When one has such right feeling at eleven years of age, it is very delightful. . . . The poor little dear will leave us perhaps in two years' time. I am sorry she should go as far as Portugal, but it will be happier for her to go so young as she will feel the difference between the two countries less. May God grant that her sensibility does not render her unhappy.\"", "On 17 May 1778, after the visit of the court to Marly, Madame Élisabeth formally left the children's chamber and became an adult when she, upon the wish of the king her brother, was turned over to the king by her governess and given her own household, with Diane de Polignac as maid of honour and the Bonne Marie Félicité de Sérent as lady-in-waiting. The ceremony was described: \"Mme Elizabeth accompanied by the Princesse de Guéménée, the under governesses, and the ladies in attendance, went to the King's apartments, and there Mme de Guéménée formally handed over her charge to His Majesty, who sent for Mme la Comtesse Diane de Polignac, maid of honour to the Princess and Mme la Marquise de Sereat, her lady-in-waiting, into whose care he gave Mme \nElizabeth.\"\nSeveral attempts were made to arrange a marriage for her. The first suggested partner was Jose, Prince of Brazil. She made no objections to the match, but was reportedly relieved when the negotiations were discontinued.\nNext, she was offered a proposal by the Duke of Aosta (future Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia), brother of the crown prince of Savoy and brother-in-law of her sister Clothilde. The court of France, however, did not consider it proper for a French princess to be married to a prince of lower status than that of a monarch or an heir to a throne, and the marriage was refused on her behalf.\nFinally, a marriage was suggested between her and her brother-in-law Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had a good impression of her from his visit to France the previous year, and commented that he was attracted by the \"vivacity of her intellect and her amiable character.\" However, the anti-Austrian party at court viewed an alliance between France and Austria as contrary to the interests of France, and by 1783 the plans were finally discontinued and no further suggestions of marriage were made. Élisabeth herself was content not to marry, as it would have been to a foreign prince, which would force her to leave France: \"I can only marry a King's son, and a King's son must reign over his father's kingdom. I should no longer be a Frenchwoman. I do not wish to cease to be one. It is far better to stay here at the foot of my brother's throne than to ascend another.\"\nMadame Élisabeth did not play any royal role prior to the revolution; she viewed the royal court as decadent and a threat to her moral welfare, and acted to distance herself from it, and she attended court only when her presence was absolutely necessary or when she was explicitly asked by the king or queen. When she left the royal children's chamber and formed her own household as an adult, she reportedly resolved to protect herself from the potential moral threats from court life by continuing to follow the principles set by her governesses and tutors during her childhood: to devote her days to a schedule of religious devotion, study, riding and walks, and to socialize only with \"the ladies who have educated me and who are attached to me [...] my good aunts, the Ladies of St. Cyr, the Carmelites of St. Denis\".\nShe often visited her aunt, Louise of France, at the Carmelite convent of St. Denis. The king, who was somewhat worried that she would become a nun, once said \"I ask nothing better than that you should go to see your aunt, on condition that you do not follow her example: Elizabeth, I need you.\" A staunch believer in absolute monarchy, Élisabeth had great respect for the position of her eldest brother the king, and regarded it her duty to stand by him. On a personal level, she was deeply devoted to her second brother, the count of Provence: \"My brother the Comte de Provence, is at the same time the best adviser and the most charming conteur. He is seldom mistaken in his judgment of men and things, and his prodigious memory furnishes him in all circumstances with a never ending flow of interesting anecdote.\" Her youngest brother, the count of Artois, was dissimilar to her and was sometimes given an \"affectionate lecture\" by her for his scandals, though he came to admire her.\nHer relationship to queen Marie Antoinette was complicated, as they were quite dissimilar. Marie Antoinette reportedly found Élisabeth delightful when she first entered court as an adult: \"The Queen is enchanted with her. She tells everyone that there is no one more amiable, that she did not know her well before, but that now she has made her her friend and that it will be for life.\" Élisabeth, however, was close to her aunts, the Mesdames de France, who were members of the anti-Austrian party at court, noted for their animosity toward the queen and deeply opposed to her informal reforms in court life, \nand the latter view was shared by Élisabeth who, as a monarchist, regarded the queen's disregard of etiquette as a threat to the monarchy, and once remarked in connection to it: \"if sovereigns descended often to the people, the people would approach near enough to see that the Queen was only a pretty woman, and that they would soon conclude that the King was merely the first among officials.\" She also attempted to criticize the queen's behavior in this regard, but never did so openly, instead asking her aunt Madame Adélaïde to do it for her. Regardless of these differences, she did occasionally visit Marie Antoinette in Trianon where they fished in the artificial lake, watched the cows being milked and welcomed the king and his brothers for supper \"in white cotton dresses, straw hats and gauze fichus\", and she did, at least on one occasion, agree to participate in one of the queen's amateur theater performances. She became devoted to the children of the king and queen, in particular the first dauphin and Marie Thérèse of France. Élisabeth became the godmother of Sophie Hélène Beatrix of France in 1786, and the same year she participated in the centenary of St. Cyr, a school in which she took a great interest.\nIn 1781, the King gave her Montreuil not far from Versailles as a private retreat, and the queen presented it to her with the words: \"My sister, you are now at home. This place will be your Trianon.\" The King did not allow her to spend her nights at Montreuil until she was twenty-four, but she normally spent her entire days there from morning Mass until she returned to Versailles to sleep. At Montreuil, she followed a schedule that divided her days into hours for study, exercise by riding or walking, dinner and prayers with her ladies-in-waiting, inspired by the schedule set by her governesses during her childhood. Élisabeth took an interest in gardening and engaged in charity in the nearby village of Montreuil. Her former tutor Lemonnier was her neighbor at Montreuil, and she named him her almoner to distribute her charity in the village: \"There grew up a constant interchange of interests between them. The learned Professor shared his botanical studies in his garden with the Princess, and even his experiments in his laboratory; and Mme Elizabeth in return associated her old friend with her in her charities, and made him her almoner in the village.\" She imported cows from Switzerland and the Swiss Jacques Bosson to manage them; upon his request, she also brought his parents and his cousin-bride Marie to Montreuil, married Marie to him and installed her as her milkmaid, and arranged for the Bosson family to tend her farm at Montreuil, producing the milk and eggs which she distributed to the poor children of the village. This was regarded by the court as a picturesque idyll, and it was Jacques Bosson who was portrayed by Mme de Travannes in the poem \"Pauvre Jacques\", which became very popular and was set to music.\nÉlisabeth was interested in politics and was a staunch supporter of absolute monarchy. She attended the opening of the National Assembly at Versailles on 22 February 1787 and commented: \nWhat will this famous Assembly do for us? Nothing, except to let the people know the critical position in which we are. The King acts in good faith in asking their advice; will they do the same in the counsels they will give him ? The Queen is very pensive. Sometimes we spend hours alone without her saying a word. She seems to fear me. And yet who can take a more lively interest than I do in my brother's happiness? Our views differ. She is an Austrian. I am a Bourbon. The Comte d'Artois does not understand the necessity of these great reforms; he thinks that people augment the deficit in order to have the right to complain and to demand the assembly of the States-General. Monsieur is much occupied in writing; he is much more serious, and you know he was grave enough already. I have a presentiment that all this will turn out badly. As for me, intrigues tire me. I love peace and rest. But I will never leave the King while he is unhappy.", "Élisabeth and her brother Charles-Philippe, comte d'Artois, were the staunchest conservatives in the royal family. Unlike Artois, who, on the order of the king, left France on 17 July 1789, three days after the storming of the Bastille, Élisabeth refused to emigrate when the gravity of the events set in motion by the French Revolution became clear.\nOn 5 October 1789, Élisabeth saw the Women's March on Versailles from Montreuil, and immediately returned to the Palace of Versailles. She advised the king to carry out \"a vigorous and speedy repression of the riot\" rather than to negotiate, and that the royal family should relocate to some town further from Paris, so as to be free from any influence of factions. Her advice was countered by Necker, and she retired to the queen's apartments. She was not disturbed when the mob stormed the palace to assassinate the queen, but awoke and called to the king, who was worried about her. When the mob demanded that the king return with them to Paris, and Lafayette advised him to consent, Élisabeth unsuccessfully advised the king differently: \nSire, it is not to Paris you should go. You still have devoted battalions, faithful guards, who will protect your retreat, but I implore you, my brother, do not go to Paris.\nÉlisabeth accompanied the royal family to Paris, where she chose to live with them in the Tuileries Palace rather than with her aunts mesdames \nAdélaïde and Victoire, in the château de Bellevue. The day after their arrival, Madame de Tourzel stated that the royal family was woken by large crowds outside, and that every member of the family, \"even the Princesses\", was obliged to show themselves to the public wearing the national cockade.\nIn the Tuileries, Élisabeth was housed in the Pavillon de Flore. Initially on the first floor beside the queen, she swapped with the Princesse de Lamballe to the second floor in the Pavillon de Flore after some fish market women had climbed into her apartment through the windows.\nIn contrast to the queen, Madame Élisabeth had a good reputation among the public, and was referred to as the \"Sainte Genevieve of the Tuileries\" by the market women of Las Halles. The court life at the Tuileries was described as subdued. Élisabeth attended dinner with the royal family, worked on a tapestry with the queen after dinner and participated in the evening family supper with the count and countess of Provence every day, and continued to manage her property in Montreuil by letter. She also maintained a significant correspondence with friends both inside and outside France, particularly her exiled brothers and her friend Marie-Angélique de Bombelles, which is preserved and describes her political views.\nIn February 1791, she chose not to emigrate with her aunts Adélaïde and Victoire. She commented in a letter: \nI thought I could see in your letters and in others I have received that people are surprised that I have not done as my aunts have done. I did not think that my duty called me to take this step, and that is what has dictated my decision. But believe that I shall never be capable of betraying my duty nor my religion, nor my affection for those who alone merit it, and with whom I would give the world to live.", "In June 1791, she accompanied the royal family on its unsuccessful escape attempt, which was stopped at Varennes, where they were forced to return to Paris. During the journey, Mme de Tourzel passed as a Baroness de Korff, the king as her valet-de-chambre, the queen as her maid, and Elizabeth as the children's nurse.\nShe took no leading part in the famous flight, but did play a role on their way back to Paris. Soon after leaving Epernay on their return, the party was joined by three emissaries of the Assembly: Barnave, Pétion, and La Tour-Maubourg, and the two first joined them inside the carriage. During the journey, Elizabeth spoke to Barnave for several hours in an attempt to justify the attempted escape of the king and describe his views of the revolution, which was in part described in the memoirs of Tourzel: \n\"I am very glad that you have given me the chance of opening my heart and of speaking to you frankly about the Revolution. You are too clever, M. Barnave, not to have recognised at once the King's love for the French and his desire to make them happy. Misled by an excessive love for liberty, you thought only of its benefits, without considering the disorder which might accompany it. Dazzled by your first success, you went much further than you intended. The resistance you met with strengthened you against difficulties and made you crush without reflection all that was an obstacle to your plans. You forgot that progress must go slowly, and that in striving to arrive quickly, one runs the risk of losing one's way. You persuaded yourself that by destroying everything that already existed, good or bad, you would make a perfect work and that you would then re-establish what it was useful to preserve. Led away by this desire, you have attacked the very foundations of royalty, and covered with bitterness and insult the best of kings. All his efforts and sacrifices to bring you back to wiser ideas have been useless, and you have not ceased to calumniate his intentions and to humiliate him in the eyes of his people, in taking from royalty all the prerogatives which inspire love and respect. Torn from his palace and taken to Paris in the most disgraceful manner, his goodness never failed. He opened his arms to his misguided children, and tried to come to an understanding with them in order to cooperate with them for the welfare of France, which he cherished in spite of its errors. You have forced him to sign a Constitution not yet completed, although he represented to you that it would be better not to sanction an unfinished piece of work, and you have obliged him to present it in this form to the People before a Federation of which the object was to attach the Departments to you in isolating the King from the nation.\"\n\"Ah, Madame, do not complain of the Federation. We should have been lost, had you known how to profit by it,\" replied Barnave.\n\"The King, in spite of the fresh insults he has received since then, could not make up his mind to do what he has now done. But, attacked in his principles – in his family – in his person – profoundly afflicted by the crimes committed throughout France and seeing a general disorganization in all departments of Government, with the evils which result; determined to quit Paris in order to go to another town in the kingdom, where, free in his own actions, he could persuade t|he Assembly to revise its decrees and where he could in concert with it make a new Constitution, in which the different authorities could be classified and replaced in their proper place and could work for the happiness of France. I do not speak of our own sorrows. The King alone, who should make one with France, occupies us entirely. I will never leave him unless your decrees, by withholding all liberty to practice religion, force me to abandon him to go to a country where liberty of conscience enables me to practice my religion, to which I hold more than to my life.\"\n\"By no means, Madame, your example and your presence are too useful to your country,\" replied Barnave.\nPetion for his part famously described Élisabeth as attracted by him during the journey: Élisabeth herself later alluded to this in a letter by commenting that she remembered \"certain strange remarks of his during the journey from Varennes.\" At the inn at Dormans, Elisabeth was reportedly contacted by the officer Jean Landrieux, who used her as intermediary in his unsuccessful attempt to help the family escape through the window and via the river to Vincelles. Upon the return to Paris, Elisabeth and Tourzel were escorted from the carriage to the palace by Barnave and La Tour-Maubourg respectively and last, after the king, the queen and the royal children; while the crowd had greeted the king with silence, the queen with dislike, and the children with cheers, there was no particular public reaction to Elisabeth and Tourzel.\nÉlisabeth commented on the journey to Marie-Angélique de Bombelles: \n\"Our journey with Barnave and Pétion passed off very ludicrously. You believe no doubt that we were in torments! Not at all. They behaved very well, especially the former, who is very intelligent, and not fierce as is said. I began by showing them frankly my opinion of their doings, and after that we conversed for the rest of the journey as if we were not concerned in the matter. Barnave saved the Gardes de Corps who were with us, and whom the National Guard wished to massacre on our arrival here.\"\nAfter their return, the king, the queen, and the dauphin (and also his governess Tourzel) were placed under surveillance. But no guards were tasked with the surveillance of the king's daughter or sister, and Elisabeth was in fact free to leave any time she wished. She chose to stay with her brother and sister-in-law, according to Tourzel, as \"their consolation during their captivity. Her attentions to the King and Queen and their children always redoubled in proportion to their misfortunes.\" She was urged by one of her correspondents, the Abbé de Lubersac, to join her aunts in Rome, but refused: \"There are certain positions in which one cannot dispose of oneself, and such is mine. The line I should follow is traced so clearly by Providence that I must remain faithful to it.\"", "On 20 February 1792, Élisabeth accompanied the queen to the Italian Theatre, which was remembered as the last time the queen made such a visit and was applauded in public, and she also attended the official celebrations after the king signed the new constitution, and the Federation celebration of 14 July 1792. The new constitution prompted her exiled brothers to prepare a French exile regency, and Elisabeth informed her brother the count of Artois of the political changes in code. She unsuccessfully opposed the king's sanction of the Decree against the priests who refused to take the constitutional oath.\nÉlisabeth as well as Marie Antoinette were also visited by the delegation of slave owners from Saint Domingue, who had come to petition the king for his protection against the slave rebellion, during which the image of her was alluded to: \"in appearing before you, Madame, they can feel no other sentiment than that of veneration for your high virtues. The interest which you will deign to feel for their fate will sweeten its bitterness,\" upon which she replied: \"Gentlemen, I have keenly felt the misfortunes which have visited the Colony. I very sincerely share the interest taken in it by the King and the Queen, and I beg you to assure all the Colonists of this.\"\nDuring the Demonstration of 20 June 1792 at the Tuileries Palace, Élisabeth made a great impression by her courage, in particular when she was famously temporarily mistaken for the queen. She was present in the chamber of the king during the event and remained by his side during most of the incident. When the demonstrators forced the king to put on the revolutionary red cap, Élisabeth was mistaken for the queen. She was warned: \"You do not understand, they take you for the Austrian\", upon which she famously replied: \"Ah, would to God it were so, do not enlighten them, save them from a greater crime.\" She turned aside a bayonet which was pointed against her with the words: \"Take care, monsieur. You might wound some one, and I am sure you would be sorry.\" When a male royalist attempting to protect the king fainted, she reached him and revived him with her smelling-salt. After the Demonstration of 20 June, some of the demonstrators actually attributed the failed assault on the royal family upon the demonstration of courage made by the behavior of Elisabeth, and a female demonstrator was reported saying: \"There was nothing to be done to-day; their good St. Genevieve was there.\"\nÉlisabeth herself described the Demonstration in a letter as follows: \n\"We were now at the King's window. The few persons who were with his valet came also to rejoin us. The doors were closed and a few minutes later we heard someone calling. It was Aclocque and some Grenadiers and Volunteers he had brought. He asked the King to show himself alone. The King passed into the first ante-room. ... At the moment that the King went into his ante-room some of the Queen's people obliged her to go back to her rooms. Happier than she, there was no one to force me to leave the King, and the Queen had hardly been dragged back when the door was burst open by the pikemen. At that moment the King got up on some chests which stood in the window, and the Marechal de Mouchy, MM. d'Hervelly, Aclocque, and a dozen grenadiers surrounded him. I remained near the wall encircled by Ministers, M. de Marsilly, and a few of the National Guards. The pikemen entered the room like lightning, they looked for the King, one in particular who, they say, said horrid things, but a Grenadier caught his arm, saying : ' Unhappy one, it is your King'. They at the same time cried Vive le Roy. The rest of the pikemen answered the cheer mechanically. The room was full in quicker time than I can write, all asking for the Sanction (for the decrees) and that the Ministers should be sent away. For four hours the same cry was repeated. Some members of the Assembly came soon afterwards. MM. Vergniaud and Isnard spoke very well to the people, telling them they were wrong to ask the King in this way for the Sanction, and tried to persuade them to retire, but their words were useless. ... At last Petion and other members of the municipality arrived. The first-named harangued the people, and after having praised the dignity and order with which they had come, he begged them to retire with the same calm, so that they might not be reproached with having given way to any excess during a fete Civique. . . . But to return to the Queen, whom I left being forced back, against her will, to my nephew's apartment. . . . She did everything in the world to return to the King, but MM. de Choiseul and de Hauteville and our women who were there prevented her. . . . The Grenadiers entered the Council Chamber, and put her and the children behind the Table. The Grenadiers and others who were much attached to them, surrounded them, and the crowd passed before them. A woman put a red cap on the Queen's head and on my nephew's. The King had one almost from the first. Santerre, who led the file, harangued her, and told her people had misled her in saying that the people did not love her; they did, and he could assure her she had nothing to fear. 'One never fears anything when one is with good people,' she replied, holding out her hand at the same time to the grenadiers near her, who all threw themselves upon it to kiss it. It was very touching. ... A real deputation arrived to see the King, and as I heard this and did not wish to remain in the crowd, I left an hour before he did. I rejoined the Queen, and you can guess with what pleasure I embraced her.\"\nAfter the Demonstration of 20 June, Élisabeth as well as the king reportedly despaired for the future \"as an abyss from which they could only escape by a miracle of Providence,\" but she continued to act as the king's political adviser, and Mme de Lage de Volude described her state at this point: \"She spends her days in prayer and in devouring the best books on our situation. She is full of noble and generous sentiments: her timidity changes to firmness when it is a question of speaking to the King and of informing him as to the state of things.\"\nThe royal court was warned that there would be an attack on the palace, and royalist noblemen gathered there to defend the royal family on 9 August, sleeping everywhere they could find a place. During the following day, awaiting the attack, the queen, accompanied by the royal children, Elisabeth and the princesse de Lamballe, went about the palace to encourage the defenders, and then followed the king when he inspected the guards in the interior of the palace – they did however not accompany him when he visited the guards posted outside of the palace.\nOn 10 August 1792, when insurgents attacked the Tuileries, the king and queen were advised by Roederer to leave the palace and seek refuge in the Legislative Assembly for their own safety, as it would be impossible to defend the palace. When she heard this, Elisabeth asked Roederer: \"Monsieur Roederer, you will answer for the lives of the King and Queen?\" \"Madame,\" was his reply, \"we answer for it that we will die at their side; that is all we can guarantee.\" \nThe royal family, including Elisabeth, then left the palace to seek refuge in the National Assembly. M. de la Rochefoucauld described them: \n\"I was in the garden, near enough to offer my arm to Madame la Princesse de Lamballe, who was the most dejected and frightened of the party; she took it. The King walked erect ... the Queen was in tears; from time to time she wiped them away and strove to take a confident air, which she kept for a little while, but I felt her tremble. The Dauphin was not much frightened. Madame Elizabeth was calm and resigned, religion inspired her. . . . The little Madame wept softly. Madame la Princesse de Lamballe said to me, 'We shall never return to the Château'.\"\nWhen Elisabeth saw the crowd she reportedly said: \"All those people are misled. I desire their conversion, but not their punishment.\"\nÉlisabeth was described as calm in the assembly, where she witnessed, later on in the day, her brother's dethronement. She followed the family from there to the Feuillants, where she occupied the 4th room with her nephew, Tourzel and Lamballe. During the night, there were reportedly some women outside on the street who cried for the heads of the king, queen and Elisabeth, upon which the king took offence and asked \"What have they done to them?\" referencing to the threats against his spouse and sister. Élisabeth reportedly spent the night awake in prayer. They were joined at the Feuillants by some of their retinue, among them Pauline de Tourzel. The whole family was transferred to the Temple Tower three days later. Before leaving the Feuillants, Elisabeth said to Pauline de Tourzel: \"Dear Pauline, we know your discretion and your attachment for us. I have a letter of the greatest importance which I wish to get rid of before leaving here. Help me to make it disappear.\" They tore an eight-page letter, but taking too long, Pauline swallowed the pages for her.", "After the execution of the former king on 21 January 1793 and the separation of her nephew, the young \"Louis XVII\", from the rest of the family on 3 July, Élisabeth was left with Marie Antoinette, and Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, Madame Royale, in their apartment in the Tower. The former queen was taken to the Conciergerie on 2 August 1793. When her sister-in-law was removed, both Elisabeth and her niece unsuccessfully requested to follow her; initially, however, they kept in contact with Marie Antoinette through the servant Hüe, who was acquainted with Mme Richard in the Conciergerie.\nMarie Antoinette was executed on 16 October. Her last letter, written in the early hours of the day of her execution, was addressed to Élisabeth, but never reached her. During the trial against Marie Antoinette, accusations of molestation of her son were brought against her, accusations which her son seemed to confirm when he was questioned, and which were directed also against Élisabeth, and Marie Antoinette alluded to them in her letter, in which she asked Élisabeth to forgive her son: \"I must speak to you of something very painful to my heart. I know how much this child must have hurt you. Forgive him, my dear sister. Think of his age and of how easy it is to make a child say what one wants and what he does not even understand.\"\nÉlisabeth and Marie-Thérèse were kept in ignorance of Marie Antoinette's death. On 21 September, they were deprived of their privilege to have servants, which resulted in the removal of Tison and Turgy and thereby also of their ability to communicate with the outside world through secret letters. Élisabeth focused on her niece, comforting her with religious statements of martyrdom, and also unsuccessfully protested against the treatment of her nephew. Marie-Thérèse later wrote of her: \"I feel I have her nature . . . [she] considered me and cared for me as her daughter, and I, I honoured her as a second mother\".", "Élisabeth was not regarded as dangerous by Robespierre, and the original intention had been to banish her from France. In the order of 1 August 1793, which stated for the removal and trial of Marie Antoinette, it was in fact stated that Élisabeth should not be tried, but exiled: \"All the members of the Capet family shall be exiled from the territory of the Republic, with the exception of Louis Capet's children, and the members of the family who are under the jurisdiction of the Law. Elizabeth Capet cannot be exiled until after the trial of Marie Antoinette.\"\nHowever, Chaumette alluded to the Temple as \"a special, exceptional, and aristocratic refuge, contrary to the spirit of equality proclaimed by the Republic [...] representing to the General Council of the Commune the absurdity of keeping three persons in the Temple Tower, who caused extra service and excessive expense\", and Hébert insisted on her execution. Although Robespierre himself wished to avoid such a \"useless cruelty\", the political climate was such that he \"hid his thought of reprieve under words of insult. He dared not claim that innocent woman from the ferocious impatience of Hébert without insulting the victim he desired to save. He called her the 'despicable sister of Capet'.\"\nOn 9 May 1794, Élisabeth, referred to only as \"sister of Louis Capet\", was transferred to the Conciergerie by a delegation of commissaries headed by Monet acting upon the orders of Fouquier-Tinville. Élisabeth embraced Marie-Therese and assured her that she would return. When Commissary Eudes stated that she would not return, she told Marie-Therese to show courage and trust in God. \nTwo hours later she was brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal in the Conciergerie and subjected to her first interrogation before judge Gabriel Delidge in the presence of Fouquier-Tinville.\nShe was accused of having participated in the secret councils of Marie Antoinette; of having entertained correspondence with internal and external enemies, among them her exiled brothers, and conspired with them against the safety and liberty of the French people; of supplying émigrés with funds financing their war against France by selling her diamonds through agents in Holland; of having known and assisted in the king's Flight to Varennes; of encouraging the resistance of the royal troops during the events of 10 August 1792 to arrange a massacre on the people storming the palace.\nÉlisabeth stated the she knew for a fact that Marie Antoinette had not held secret councils; that she had only known and had contact with friends of France, and had no contact with her exiled brothers since she left the Tuileries; that she had not provided émigrés with funds; that she had not known of the Flight to Varennes beforehand and that its purpose had not been to leave the country but only retire to the countryside for the king's health and that she had accompanied her brother on his orders; she also denied having visited the Swiss Guard with Marie Antoinette during the night before the 10 August 1792.\nAfter the interrogation, she was escorted to a single cell. She refused a public defender, but seemed to have named Claude François Chauveau-Laofarde as her defensor, as he was called by someone claiming to be sent by her. He was not allowed to see her that day, as he was told by Fouquier-Tinville that she would not be tried for some time and there would be plenty of time to confer with her. However, she was in fact tried immediately the following morning, and Chauveau-Laofarde was thus forced to appear at the trial as her defender without having spoken to her beforehand. \nÉlisabeth was tried with 24 accused accomplices (ten of whom were women), though she was placed \"at the top of the seats\" during the trial and thus more visible than the rest. She was reportedly dressed in white and she attracted a great deal of attention, but was described as serene and calming on the rest.\nHer trial was conducted by René-François Dumas, President of the Tribunal, supported by the Judges Gabriel, Deliege, and Antoine Marie Maire. During the trial, the same questions were made to her as during the interrogation, and she answered in much the same way. \nRelating to the accusation that she had encouraged the Swiss Guard and the royalist defender against the attackers during the 10 August, she was asked: \n\"Did you not, take care of and dress the wounds of the assassins who were sent to the Champs Elysees against the brave Marseillais by your brother?\" upon which she replied: \"I am not aware that my brother sent assassins against any persons, whoever they may be. I gave succour to several of the wounded. Humanity alone prompted me to dress their wounds. In order to comfort them I had no need to enquire into the origin of their misfortunes. I claim no merit for this, and I cannot imagine that this can be imputed to me as a crime.\" \nWhen asked whether she did not refer to her nephew as king, ignoring the fact that France was a republic, her reply: \"I talked familiarly with the poor child, who was dear to me on more than one account; I therefore gave him the consolation which appeared to me capable of comforting him for the loss of those to whom he owed his being.\" This was interpreted as a sign that she \"nourished the little Capet with the projects of vengeance which you and yours have not ceased to form against Liberty, and that you flattered yourself with the hope of raising again a broken throne by inundating it with the blood of patriots.\"\nHer defender Chauveau-Laofarde later recollected his speech in her defense: \n\"I observed, that the Proces consisted of a list of banal accusations, without documents, without questions, without witnesses, and that, in consequence, where there existed no legal element of conviction there could be no legal conviction. I added that therefore they could only offer in opposition to the august accused, her replies to the questions they had made to her, as it was in these replies alone that the whole matter consisted; but that these answers themselves, far from condemning her, would, on the contrary, bring her honour in everyone's eyes, as they proved nothing but the goodness of her heart and the heroism of her friendship. Then, after developing these first ideas, I concluded by saying that instead of a Defence of Mme Elizabeth I had only to present her Apology, but that, In the impossibility of discovering one worthy of her, It only remained for me to make one remark, which was, that the Princess who in the Court of France had been the most perfect model of all virtues, could not be the enemy of the French.\"\nDumas replied to her defender's \"audacity to speak of what he called the pretended virtues of the Accused and to have thus corrupted public morality\", and then held his speech to the Jury: \n\"Plots and conspiracies have existed formed by Capet, his wife, his family, his agents, his accomplices, in consequence of which there have been provocations to war from the allied Tyrants abroad, and civil war at home. Succours in men and arms have been furnished to the enemy; troops have been assembled; dispositions taken; chiefs named to assassinate the people, annihilate liberty, and re-establish despotism. Anne Elizabeth Capet – is she an accomplice in these plots?\"\nThe Jury declared Elisabeth and all of her 24 co-accused guilty as charged, after which the Tribunal, \"according to the fourth Article of the second part of the Penal Code\", condemned them to death and to be guillotined the following day. One of her co-accused was reprieved from execution because of pregnancy. In the notes of the trial of Nicolas Pasquin, her valet of the chambers, she is referred to as the sister of the tyrant Capet. Pasquin, at the age of 36 years, was also sentenced to death for his own alleged part in the conspiracy of 10 August 1792, and executed on 6 February.\nWhen she left court, Fouquier-Tinville remarked to the President: \"One must allow that she has not uttered a complaint\", upon which Dumas replied: \"Of what should Elizabeth of France complain? Have we not to-day given her a court of aristocrats worthy of her? There will be nothing to prevent her fancying herself still in the salons of Versailles when she sees herself, surrounded by this faithful nobility, at the foot of the holy guillotine.\"", "After her trial, Élisabeth joined the prisoners condemned with her in the Hall of the Condemned, awaiting their execution. She asked for Marie Antoinette, upon which one of the female prisoners said to her, \"Madame, your sister has suffered the same fate that we ourselves are about to undergo.\"\nShe reportedly successfully comforted and strengthened the morale of her fellow prisoners before their impending execution with religious arguments, and by her own example of calmness: \"She spoke to them with inexpressible gentleness and calm, dominating their mental suffering by the serenity of her look, the tranquility of her appearance, and the influence of her words. [...] She encouraged them to hope in Him who rewards trials borne with courage, sacrifices accomplished,\" and said: \"We are not asked to sacrifice our faith like the early martyrs, but only our miserable lives; let us offer this little sacrifice to God with resignation\". \nShe said to M. de Lomenie, who felt indignation at the way in which Fouquier had imputed his popularity among his former constituents in Brienne as a crime: \"If it is grand to merit the esteem of one's fellow-citizens, it is much finer, believe me, to merit God's mercy. You showed your countrymen how to do good. Now show them how one dies when one's conscience is at peace,\" and to Madame de Montmorin, who was in despair of being executed together with her son: \"You love your son, and you do not wish him to accompany you? You are going to enjoy the joys of heaven, and you wish him to remain on this earth, where there is now only torments and sorrow!\"\nÉlisabeth was executed along with the 23 men and women who had been tried and condemned at the same time as she, and reportedly conversed with Mme de Senozan and Mme de Crussol on the way. In the cart taking them to their execution, and while waiting her turn, she helped several of them through the ordeal, encouraging them and reciting the De profundis until her time came. Near the Pont Neuf, the white kerchief which covered her head was blown off, and thus being the only person with bare head, she attracted special attention by the spectators, and witnesses attested that she was calm during the whole process.\nAt the foot of the guillotine, there was a bench for the condemned who were to depart the cart and wait on the bench before their execution. Élisabeth departed the cart first, refusing the help of the executioner, but was to be the last to be called upon, which resulted in her witnessing the death of all the others. The first to be called upon was Mme de Crussol, who bowed for Élisabeth and asked to embrace her; after Élisabeth consented, all the following women prisoners were given the same farewell, while the men bowed before her, and each time, she repeated the psalm \"De Profundis\". This attracted attention, and one spectator commented: \"They may make her salaams if they like, but she will share the fate of the Austrian.\" Reportedly, she considerably strengthened the morale of her fellow prisoners, who all behaved with courage. When the last person before her, a man, gave her his bow, she said, \"courage, and faith in the mercy of God!\" and then rose to be ready for her own turn. \nWhile she was being strapped to the board, her fichu (a sort of shawl) fell off, exposing her shoulders, and she cried to the executioner “Au nom de votre mère, monsieur, couvrez-moi. (In the name of your mother, sir, cover me)”.\nReportedly, her execution caused some emotion by the bystanders, who did not cry \"Vive la Republique\" at this occasion, which was otherwise common. The respect Elisabeth had enjoyed among the public caused concern with Robespierre, who had never wished to have her executed and who \"dreaded the effect\" of her death. On the evening of the execution, he asked Bertrand Barère what people were saying and was given the reply: \"They murmur; they cry out against you; they ask what Mme Elizabeth did to offend you; what were her crimes; why you sent this innocent and virtuous person to the scaffold.\" Robespierre replied: \"Well, you understand, it is always me. I assure you, my dear Maret, that, far from being the cause of the death of Mme Elizabeth, I wished to save her. It was that wretch Collot d'Herbois who snatched her from me.\"\nHer body was buried in a common grave at the Errancis Cemetery in Paris. At the time of the Restoration, her brother Louis XVIII searched for her remains, only to discover that the bodies interred there had decomposed to a state where they could no longer be identified. Élisabeth's remains, with that of other victims of the guillotine (including Robespierre, also buried at the Errancis Cemetery) were later placed in the Catacombs of Paris. A medallion represents her at the Basilica of Saint Denis.", "The cause of beatification of Élisabeth was introduced in 1924, but has not yet been completed. In 1953, Pope Pius XII recognized by decree the heroic nature of her virtues simply because of her martyrdom. The princess was declared a Servant of God and the cause for beatification was officially introduced on 23 December 1953 by Cardinal Maurice Feltin.\nIn 2016, Cardinal André Vingt-Trois, Archbishop of Paris, reactivated the cause of Princess Élisabeth beatification. Xavier Snoëk, a former parish priest of the Parish of Sainte-Élisabeth de Hungary, being appointed postulator for the cause (church located in the former Temple district where the princess was imprisoned), and in May 2017 recognized the association faithful promoters of her cause.\nOn 15 November 2017, Vingt-Trois, after consulting the Conference of Bishops of France and the nihil obstat of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome, hopes that the process will lead to the canonization of Princess Elisabeth, sister of Louis XVI.\nSnoëk has suggested an alternate path for the beatification of Élisabeth based on the motu proprio Maiorem hac dilectionem promulgated by Pope Francis on the 11 July 2017. Because her indictment made no reference to her religion, she was not killed in \"odium fidei\" (hatred of the faith) and therefore might not be considered a martyr. If she is not considered a martyr, Snoëk points out that a miracle that occurred after Élisabeth's death and obtained through her intercession remains necessary.", "Élisabeth, who had turned thirty a week before her death, was executed essentially because she was a sister of the king; however, the general consensus of the French revolutionaries was that she was a supporter of the ultra-right royalist faction. There is much evidence to suggest that she actively supported the intrigues of the comte d'Artois to bring foreign armies into France to crush the Revolution. In monarchist circles, her exemplary private life elicited much admiration. Élisabeth was much praised for her charitable nature, familial devotion and devout Catholic faith. There can be no question that she saw the Revolution as the incarnation of evil on earth and viewed civil war as the only means to drive it from the land.\nSeveral biographies have been published of her in French, while extensive treatment of her life is given in Antonia Fraser's biography of Marie Antoinette and Deborah Cadbury's investigative biography of Louis XVII.", "", "Achaintre, Nicolas Louis, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de Bourbon, Vol. 2, (Rue de l'École de Médecine, 1824), 168.\nDiderot & d'Alembert Encyclopédie méthodique: Jurisprudence, Paris, 1786, p. 159 \n\"Bienvenue sur le site de la paroisse Sainte-Élisabeth-de-Hongrie\". sainteelisabethdehongrie.com. Retrieved 10 May 2017.\nÉvelyne Lever, Louis XVI, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris (1985), p. 43\nMaxwell-Scott, Mary Monica, Madame Elizabeth de France, 1764–1794, London : E. Arnold, 1908\nWoodacre, Elena: Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras (2013)\nHardy, B. C. (Blanche Christabel), The Princesse de Lamballe; a biography, 1908, Project Gutenberg\nPrincess of France Elisabeth, Elisabeth The Life and Letters of Madame Elisabeth de France, Sister of Louis XVI, Versailles HistoricalSociety, 1899\nJoan Haslip (1991). Marie Antoinette (in Swedish). pp. 79–80. ISBN.\nCastelot, André, Charles X, La fin d'un monde, Perrin, Paris, 1988, pp. 79–80, ISBN 2-262-00545-1\nNagel, Sophie (2009). Marie-Thérèse: The Fate of Marie Antoinette's Daughter. p. 144.\nWith Barère on the day of Mme Élisabeth's execution: — He had tried to save her, he said to Barère, but Collot had insisted on her death.\nThompson, James M. (1988). Robespierre. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. p. 218. ISBN 0-631-15504-X.\nTrial and execution (French): de Beauchesne, Alcide-Hyacinthe, La vie de Madame Élisabeth, sœur de Louis XVI, Volume 2, Henri-Plon Éditeur-Imprimeur, Paris, 1870, pp. 199–205, 219–250.\n(in French) Liste générale et très-exacte des noms, âges, qualités et demeures de tous les Conspirateurs qui ont été condamnés à mort par le Tribunal Révolutionnaire établi à Paris par la loi du 17 août 1792... 10 mars 1793, Marchand 1793, p. 11.\nBeauchesne, p. 249.\nde Rochegude, Félix, Promenades dans toutes les rues de Paris, VIIIe arrondissement, Hachette, Paris, 1910, p. 46.\n\"Serva di Dio Elisabetta di Borbone (Madame Elisabeth de France) su santiebeati.it\". Santiebeati.it. Retrieved 29 October 2020.\n\"Bientôt béatifiée ? : Madame Élisabeth, belle âme libre\". Famille Chretienne. 27 April 2018.\n\"Madame Élisabeth bientôt canonisée ?\". Famille Chretienne. 17 May 2017.\nBarrett, David V. (10 November 2017). \"French bishops approve opening of Cause for King Louis XVI's sister\". Catholic Herald. Retrieved 18 April 2019.\n\"Que faut-il encore pour qu'Elisabeth de France soit déclarée bienheureuse ?\". Aleteia (in French). 6 May 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.\nChisholm 1911.\nGenealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 11.", "Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Elizabeth of France\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.", "(in French) Duchess of Angoulême's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple (from the autograph manuscript; see in particular Part 3)\nDuchess of Angoulême's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple, (1823 English translation of a slightly redacted French edition; see in particular Part 3)" ]

[ "Élisabeth of France", "Early life", "Louis XVI", "Adult life", "Revolution", "Flight to Varennes", "Events of 1792", "Temple", "Trial", "Execution", "Cause of beatification and canonization", "Assessment", "Ancestors", "References", "Sources", "Primary sources" ]

[ 4413, 4414, 4415, 4416, 4417, 4418, 4419, 4420, 4421, 4422 ]

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[ "St. Nicholas' Church in Daucourt", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

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[ "Élise-Daucourt ([eliz dokuʁ]) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France. The commune consists of 2 villages, Élise and Daucourt, which are 1 mile apart. Both villages were separate communes until 1965, when they merged. Since the merger Élise is often called Élise-Daucourt. Both villages lie about 6 km south of Sainte-Menehould, the nearest regional town.", "Communes of the Marne department", "\"Populations légales 2018\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2020.", "" ]

[ "Élise-Daucourt", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4423, 4424, 4425, 4426 ]

[ 20633 ]

[ "Bussaglia with Lyon in 2013" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/20130929_-_PSG-Lyon_029.jpg" ]

[ "Élise Bussaglia (born 24 September 1985) is a French footballer who plays as a midfielder for French club Dijon of the Division 1 Feminine. She was a member of the France national team. Bussaglia is a former winner of the National Union of Professional Footballers (UNFP) Female Player of the Year having won the award after a successful 2010–11 season with Paris Saint-Germain.", "Born in Sedan, Bussaglia was in middle school at Nassau in class with Benjamin Lemaire. She started to play soccer at US Balan with male team. During this period, she was supporting CS Sedan Ardennes.", "Bussaglia began her career playing for Olympique Saint-Memmie playing at the club during her youth. She spent two years with the senior team before being selected to attend the CNFE Clairefontaine, the women's section of the Clairefontaine academy. After leaving the academy, she joined D1 Féminine club FCF Juvisy playing 14 matches and scoring two goals in her first season. In her second season with the club, she played in all 22 league matches scoring four goals helping Juvisy win the league title. She had another successful season before joining Montpellier. At Montpellier, Bussaglia became an established international player and helped Montpellier to two top table finishes, including helping the team win the 2008–09 Challenge de France and qualify for the newly created UEFA Women's Champions League in her final season.", "In 2009, Bussaglia signed with Paris Saint-Germain and, in the process, joined a club, which included international teammates Camille Abily, Sonia Bompastor, Bérangère Sapowicz, and Laure Boulleau. In her first season with Les Parisiens, despite the club having a respectable season, Bussaglia struggled appearing in 18 matches and scoring only two goals in the league. The midfielder compensated her uneventful performance in the league with a decent showing in the Challenge de France netting the fourth goal in Paris Saint-Germain's 5–0 win over her former club Montpellier in the competition's final match. The victory assured Bussaglia her third career Challenge de France title.\nIn the 2010–11 season, following the departures of Abily and Bompastor, Bussaglia was handed the reins to the attack and quickly blossomed scoring four goals in Paris Saint-Germain's first five league matches of the season. On 26 February 2011, she scored both club goals in a 2–1 win over Le Mans. Bussaglia ultimately finished the season appearing in all 22 matches and scoring a career-high ten goals. Despite failing to score a goal in the final six matches of the season, Bussaglia was still an important cog of the team as Paris Saint-Germain qualified for the 2011–12 edition of the UEFA Women's Champions League after finishing runner-up to champions Olympique Lyon. For her performances during the season, Bussaglia was named the UNFP Female Player of the Year. She was also named the Best Player of the 2010–11 Division 1 Féminine season by her peers.", "Bussaglia had previously starred with the women's under-19 team helping France win the 2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, held in Germany. On 13 November 2003, she earned her first cap with the women's national team in a match against Poland. As of today, she has 79 caps and has scored 18 goals for the national team. She retired in 2019.", "", "As of 10 June 2015", "As of 9 August 2012\nAs of 8 April 2016\nScores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bussaglia goal.", "Juvisy\nDivision 1 Féminine: 2005–06\nCoupe de France Féminine: 2004–05\nMontpellier\nCoupe de France Féminine: 2008–09\nParis Saint-Germain\nCoupe de France Féminine: 2009–10\nLyon\nDivision 1 Féminine: 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15\nCoupe de France Féminine: 2013, 2014, 2015\nVfL Wolfsburg\nBundesliga: 2016-17\nDFB-Pokal: 2015–16, 2016–17\nBarcelona\nCopa de la Reina de Fútbol: 2018\nCopa Catalunya: 2017\nFrance\nUEFA Women's Under-19 Championship: 2003\nCyprus Cup: 2012, 2014\nSheBelieves Cup: 2017\nIndividual\nUNFP Female Player of the Year: 2010–11\nDivision 1 Féminine League Player of the Year: 2010–11", "List of women's footballers with 100 or more caps", "2015 World Cup\n\"Benoit Costil et Elise Bussaglia récompensés\" (in French). France 3. 23 May 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.\n\"Elise Bussaglia sacrée meilleure joueuse\" (in French). French Football Federation. 5 May 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.\n\"La Carriere de Elise Bussaglia\". StatsFootoFeminin. Retrieved 10 June 2015.\nBUSSAGLIA Élise, French Football Federation, accessed 9 June 2011\n\"Equipe de France A - Elise Bussaglia\". footofeminin.fr. Retrieved 10 June 2015.", "Élise Bussaglia at the French Football Federation (in French)\nÉlise Bussaglia at the French Football Federation (archived 2020-11-30) (in French)\nFFF profile at the Wayback Machine (archived 2012-10-04) (in French)\nÉlise Bussaglia at the Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français (in French)\nÉlise Bussaglia at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)" ]

[ "Élise Bussaglia", "Club career", "Early career", "Paris Saint-Germain", "International career", "Career statistics", "Club", "International", "Honours", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4427 ]

[ 20634, 20635, 20636, 20637, 20638, 20639, 20640, 20641, 20642, 20643, 20644 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Elise_Champagne.JPG" ]

[ "Élise Champagne (14 August 1897 – 1983) was a Belgian writer and educator. She wrote under the pen name Élise Clearens.", "She was born in Liège. After her father suffered a debilitating accident, her mother was forced to support the family. Champagne earned a teaching certificate and, from 1918 to 1922, she taught at the primary school in Bressoux. She went on to earn a teaching diploma from the normal school at Liège. In 1923, she began teaching French and literature at the Liège normal school; from 1947 to 1957, she was director of the school.\nShe was a member of the Belgian Labour Party. Champagne was provincial secretary for the feminist Femmes prévoyantes socialistes. She helped found the group \"Les Intellectuels socialistes\".\nBeginning in 1921, she contributed literary criticism and theatre reviews to La Wallonie. She also contributed to L'Avant-Poste and Le Monde du Travail.\nIn 1923, she published her first collection of poetry Le Portail entr'ouvert. In 1928, she was awarded the Prix Emile Verhaeren. She lived with the painter Robert Crommelynck from 1934 to 1942. After she retired from teaching in 1957, she dedicated herself to writing. In 1973, she received the Prix Nayer for her work. Besides poetry, she also wrote short stories and plays, taking her inspiration from the lives of working-class people.\nDuring World War II, she joined the Resistance and helped Jewish children. In 1946, she helped found the Soroptimist club of Liège.", "Gubin, Eliane (2006). Dictionnaire des femmes belges: XIXe et XXe siècles (in French). pp. 98–99. ISBN 2873864346.\nLanneau, Catherine (2008). L'inconnue française: la France et les Belges francophones, 1944-1945 (in French). p. 250. ISBN 978-9052013978." ]

[ "Élise Champagne", "Biography", "References" ]

[ 4428 ]

[ 20645, 20646, 20647, 20648 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Elise_Crombez_crop.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" ]

[ "Élise Crombez (born 24 July 1982 in Mouscron, Belgium) is a Belgian model.", "She grew up and went to school in Koksijde. She was discovered in 1999 when she decided to enter a fashion contest (Miss Mannequin) with a friend of hers. The contest was held in the Belgian town of Roeselare. She worked with Steven Meisel extensively throughout her career, landing campaigns for Prada, H&M, Versace, Armani, Nina Ricci, Gianfranco Ferre, Lacoste, Eres, GAP, Jil Sander, Ralph Lauren, Escada, Pollini, and Valentino. Crombez also appeared on covers for W, British, Italian, Mexican, Japanese, German, and Turkish Vogue, and twice on the cover of French Elle and six times on the cover of Italian Vogue. She has appeared in editorials for French, Italian, German, Turkish, Mexican, and Japanese Vogue, British and American Harpers Bazaar, W, and Allure. Crombez has walked in numerous fashion shows, such as Christian Dior, Christian Lacroix, Galliano, Karl Lagerfeld, Louis Vuitton, Prada, Versace, and Viktor & Rolf. She also appeared in the 2006 and 2007 Victoria's Secret fashion shows.\nCrombez has received criticism for her \"aggressively nondescript\" image. The Times named Crombez as one of the \"reliable, forgettable girls\" it dubbed \"Stepford supermodels\". Crombez fell at the Proenza Schouler Spring 2007 runway show, her sky-high heels made her pitch forward, she ended taking off her shoes and walking the rest of the runway barefoot. It took third spot on the \"Top Five Runway Falls\" list by New York Magazine.\nShe is signed with DNA Models in New York. She resides in New York City.", "\"Elise Crombez - Model\".\nAktar, Alev (9 February 2003). \"Feeling like a million bucks: Ignoring global woes, shows keep focus on excess\". New York Daily News. p. 24.\n\"REPORTER'S NOTEBOOK; Strutting Down the Runway With a Severe Case of the Blahs\". The New York Times. 16 March 2003. Retrieved 10 November 2018.\nArmstrong, Lisa (31 March 2003). \"Don't yawn, it's the Stepford supermodels\". The Times. p. 11.\n\"The Top Five Runway Falls\". New York Magazine. 30 August 2007.", "Élise Crombez at Fashion Model Directory \nStyle.com Gallery\nELLE TV Interview" ]

[ "Élise Crombez", "Career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4429 ]

[ 20649, 20650, 20651, 20652, 20653, 20654 ]

[ "Delzenne in 2017", "Team presentation of the Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen (on the left)", "At Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen in 2015", "During the European Track Championships", "French track national team at European championship in Berlin", "2015 podium of the individual pursuit at European Championship", "" ]

[ 0, 5, 7, 7, 10, 11, 12 ]

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[ "Élise Delzenne (born 28 January 1989) is a French former professional road and track racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2013 and 2017 for the Bourgogne–Pro Dialog, Velocio–SRAM and Lotto–Soudal Ladies teams. She was the winner of the 2013 French National Road Race Championships. In 2015, she finished second in individual pursuit and points race at the European Track Championships.", "", "Delzenne grew up in Nomain, in the Nord of France, near the border with Belgium. Her parents Philippe and Sylvie, née Dassonneville, are both touring cyclists.\nWhen she was ten years old, Delzenne started cycling in the club of Orchies. In particular, she took part in many Semaines fédérale internationale de cyclotourisme, a massive touring cycling event. At the age of 12, she began to compete in the Union française des œuvres laïques d'éducation physique (UFOLEP).\nIn 2004, she started racing in the main federation, the Fédération française de cyclisme, as a member of the club \"Entente sportive des enfants de Gayant de Douai\" (ESEG Douai). She finished second in the departmental championship at Anor. Lucien Cloet, regional selector at the time, recognized her potential and started a collaboration with her.\nThe next year, she won the silver medal at the French championship in the novice category of the points race, and finished eleventh in the French road race championship at Pont-du-Fossé. In 2006, she was selected for the European Road Championships at Valkenburg.\nIn 2007, she joined a second club with the team Wasquehal juniors, where she was trained by Hervé Boussard. In June the same year, she participated in the French track championship at Hyères, where she won the points race. and finished fourth in the pursuit. She was disappointed by this last result On the road, she won the national title at Mussidan. A few days before, she also finished fourth in the national time trial.\nAfter obtaining her baccalauréat in science, she decided to stop competing in order to study. Two years later, she earned her Brevet de Technicien Supérieur (BTS) of engineering assistance in Armentières. She then joined the textile engineer high school ENSAIT in 2009. She followed a sandwich course there and worked for the company PGI Nordlys in Bailleul. She nevertheless remained an athlete and ran the Route du Louvre marathon in 2010.", "At the end of 2011, Élise Delzenne decided to return to competitive cycling. She joined the club of la Madeleine, where she was trained by Lucien Cloet. She obtained good results in Belgium during the seasons. She also participated in the national championship at Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, almost at home, but had little success. She crashed during the time trial to finish eighteenth. On the road, she crashed again, this time 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) from the finish and before the sprint for the third place. On the track, she finished third in the national Omnium at Bordeaux and then fourth in the points race and fifth in the pursuit at Hyères, all for the national championship.\nAt the end of the year, she graduated and start working for a laundry in Soissons as a quality manager.", "2013 was a good year for Delzenne. She joined the UCI women's team Bourgogne-Pro Dialog. As in the previous year, she finished third in the national Omnium which took place in Roubaix. She had good results during the French cup at Pujols, in Ain or at Plumelec. She also participated in Gent–Wevelgem and finished nineteenth. At the Grand Prix Elsy Jacobs, a top-level international women's stage race, she finished seventh in the general classification. She was selected by the national team for the Giro del Trentino. The high point of the season was however her road national title at Lannilis. There she won the sprint of the leading group. She finished fourth in the national time trial a few days before. The end of the year brought fewer results but allowed Delzenne to collect experience: she participated in the Lotto Belisol Belgium Tour, the GP de Plouay, the Giro della Toscana and the World Championship road race in Florence. At the beginning of October, she announced that she would be joining the Specialized-lululemon team the following year.", "", "Her first race in her new team was the Tour of Qatar. On 13 March, she took part in Molecaten Drentse 8, where her teammate Chantal Blaak won. She herself finished in twelfth place. At the GP Cornaredo, she made a break but without success. Victim of a puncture, she didn't finish the race, in which her teammate Tiffany Cromwell finished second.\nShe participated in the Ronde van Drenthe race of the UCI Women's Road World Cup, in Le Samyn des Dames, Gent–Wevelgem and the GP Dottignies. At the beginning of May, she finished fourth in the Ronde van Overijssel, where Lisa Brennauer from her team won. Afterwards, she participated in The Women's Tour in England. During the first stage, she made a solo escape for 25 km before being caught by the field one kilometre from the finish. She received the combativity prize for the stage. She was then fifth in the general classification Her work as teammate did not allow her to keep this place in a race where all stages finished by a bunch sprint.\nAt the national championship, Delzenne finished, once again, in fourth place in the time trial, one second behind Aude Biannic. In the road race, she was unable to follow the break and finished second in the bunch and tenth overall. After the race she admitted having committed tactical errors.\nIn July, she participated in the Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen and helped her teammates Evelyn Stevens and Lisa Brennauer to finish respectively first and third in the general classification. She finished sixth in the Erondegemse Pijl and then won another small race in Belgium. She was selected for La Route de France and for the Tour de l'Ardèche by the national team. In the latter race, she finished fourth in the third stage and seventh in the last stage. She participated in the World championship and helped Pauline Ferrand-Prévot to victory.\nAt the national track championship, she took silver medals in the pursuit and the scratch race. She won the bronze medal in the team pursuit with her regional team. On the Sunday, she won the points race.\nAfter the winter break, she competed at the International Belgian Open and won the points race. She also finished second in the pursuit.", "In 2015, her team changed its name to Velocio-SRAM Pro Cycling. She concentrated on the track at the beginning of the season and participated in the Cali round of the World Cup. In February, she was selected for the track world championships in individual and team pursuit, as also for the points race. She finished fourth in this last race and ninth in the individual pursuit. Her feelings were mixed after this competition.\nAfter a break, she comes back to race for the Grand Prix de Dottignies. In the end of April, she finished ninth of the ITT from the Omloop van Borsele. At Dwars door de Westhoek, with 40 km to go, she attacked and won the race in solo. It was her first professional victory. During the last stage of Gracia Orlová, she escaped with 4 km to go with Lara Vieceli and then beat her in the sprint. She is then ninth of Tour of Chongming Island and twelfth of Chrono Gatineau. She took part to the Women's Tour and helped Lisa Brennauer to win the race. She took the start of the French National Championships and was cited as a favorite. She finished fifth in the time trial and then also fifth in the road race, where she was unable to follow the attack from Pauline Ferrand-Prévot. At Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen, she wore the KOM-leader tricot during the whole race. During the Erondegemse Pijl, she escaped with Thalita de Jong in the last round, but could not follow her until the end. She was therefore second.\nShe was of the team that started at the Open de Suède Vårgårda TTT that finished second. She is selected for the World Championships road race in Richmond. She fell however after 10 km of race and abandoned few kilometers later. The week after took place the National Track Championships where she won 3 titles: individual pursuit, points race and scrath. In team pursuit, the regional team was only beaten by 200 ms from professional team Poitou-Charentes.Futuroscope.86. Two weeks later, she became second of the points race at European Track Championships, which was won from Katarzyna Pawłowska, and second of the individual pursuit wom from Katie Archibald.", "", "In the beginning of March, she took part to the World Track Championships in individual pursuit and points race. Aiming for medals, she was disappointed to finish sixth of the first race. She explained six month later, that she fell during a training one week before the Championships and that she suffered from the injuries back then. She finished fifteenth of points race, where she fell once again with a Japanese rider few rounds before the arrival. At the hospital, they discovered that she had 2 broken ribs and another break at the pelvis. She makes her come-back at the Omloop van Borsele. She crashed again at Dwars door de Westhoek. Nevertheless, good feelings came back progressively. She is for instance in the leading group during the first stage of Festival Luxembourgeois du cyclisme féminin Elsy Jacobs. She helped Lotte Kopecky during her victory at Trofee Maarten Wynants and confirmed at the middle of May, with a long solo breakaway with the win at the end, in a national Belgian race. In the end of May, she realized very good performances during one week-end: on Friday, she finished second of la Classique Morbihan won from Christine Majerus ; on Saturday, she finished third of Grand Prix de Plumelec-Morbihan Dames ; eventually on Sunday, she is third in the sprint at Gooik-Geraardsbergen-Gooik.\nIn June, the French Cycling federation announced that Élise Delzenne is substitute for the olympic road race. Later she declared that she was disgusted from this decision. She finished sixth at Auensteiner-Radsporttage. At the national championship, she is third in the time trial. Afterwards, on the road race she attacked with 60 km to go. She came back on the breakaway and decided to go solo. With still 25 km to race, she had an advantage of one minute and 50 seconds on the field. She is then victim of a puncture. The time required for the reparation was anormaly long and the field came back on her just after it. She is eventually fifth from the race.\nIn August, she participated to the La Route de France. She was fifth of the prologue, eighth of the first stage, sixth of the second one and then second of the third. She crashed also this last day. During the time trial, she finished seventh and was at that time sixth of the overall classification. The day after, she however had to resigned. At the Trophée d'Or Féminin, she won the time trial of the first stage. She was then second in the third stage and kept the yellow tricot until the end, even though she had a puncture in the last ten kilometers of the race. During the Belgium Tour, she was fifth of the last stage and moved to the sixth place of the overall classification.\nDuring the French National Track Championship, she defende with success her title in individual pursuit. Sick, she did not take the start of the scratch race. The day after, she decided to start in the points race, even though she still felt affected from the illness. She was however able to take the win. At the European Track Championship, she was in the selection for the team pursuit. They took the bronze medal and beat the national record of the discipline. The day after, on the individual pursuit, Élise finished fifth. At the points race, she did not manage to realize a breakaway and was eighth. Two weeks later, at the World Cup in Glasgow, she won the scratch race and finished second of the individual pursuit. National pursuit team is third with another French record.", "In 2017, she focused on the track in the beginning of the year with the participation to the World cups in Cali and Los Angeles. At Tour of Flanders, Rozanne Slik attaqued close after the Muur van Geraardsbergen. Her lead reached one and a half minute on a field with about 50 riders. Élise Delzenne started a chase but could not join the Dutch alone. At the world track championships, the French national team finished 7th in team pursuit. On the individual races, Élise Delzenne did not any get success.\nAt Festival luxembourgeois du cyclisme féminin Elsy Jacobs, on the second stage, Élise Delzenne was present in the field that sprint for the victory. She launched her sprint from far, but could resist to the come back of Eugenia Bujak and Christine Majerus to obtain the victory. She was then 8th at Gooik-Geraardsbergen-Gooik after an aggressive race which was awarded with the KOM classification. She finished afterwards sixth of the Diamond Tour.\nDuring the national championships, she finished fifth of the time trial. During the road race, she made a breakaway with Audrey Cordon-Ragot, but the field reacted and caught them. She finished 11th. At Tour de Feminin, Élise Delzenne was sixth of the first stage. She was then eighth of the time trial and second of the fourth stage beaten from Nancy van den Burg. Eventually, she is third of the last stage where her teammate Juliette Labous won. She finished fifth of the prologue of BeNe Ladies Tour. Afterwards, she finished fifth of the time trial. She was therefore eighth of the overall classification. She is selected for the European Road championships. She crashed badly at Open de Suède Vårgårda. At the Belgium Tour, she is tenth of the prologue. During the last stage, a kind of miniature Tour of Flanders, with bad weather, she finished sixth. She took the 10th place of the overall classification. At the World Road championship, she took a breakaway with Janneke Ensing, Amanda Spratt and Danielle King with two rounds to go. In the climb of Salmon Hill, they were caught from the favorites. The field came back soon after.\nIn the end of the season, she announced that she got retired. She joined the company B'Twin to develop new textile cycling products for women. In 2018, she commented several cycling races on Eurosport.", "", "2005\n2nd Points race, National Novice Track Championships\n2007\n1st Points race, National Junior Track Championships\n2012\n3rd Omnium, National Track Championships\n2013\n3rd Omnium, National Track Championships\n2014\nNational Track Championships\n1st Points race\n2nd Individual pursuit\n2nd Scratch\n3rd Team pursuit\nInternational Belgian Open\n1st Points race\n2nd Individual pursuit\n2015\nInternational Belgian Open\n1st Scratch\n2nd Individual pursuit\nBelgian Xmas Meetings\n1st Individual pursuit\n1st Scratch\n2nd Points race\nNational Track Championships\n1st Points race\n1st Scratch\n1st Individual pursuit\nUEC European Track Championships\n2nd Individual pursuit\n2nd Points race\n3rd Omnium, Fenioux Piste International\n2016\n1st Scratch, 2016–17 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Glasgow\nNational Track Championships\n1st Points race\n1st Individual pursuit\nFenioux Piste International\n1st Individual pursuit\n3rd Points race", "2007\n1st Road race, National Junior Road Championships\n2013\n1st Road race, National Road Championships\n1st Prix de Nogent l'Abbesse\n3rd French Cup\n7th Overall Festival Luxembourgeois du cyclisme féminin Elsy Jacobs\n2014\n4th Ronde van Overijssel\n6th Erondegemse Pijl\n2015\n1st Dwars door de Westhoek\n1st Stage 5 Gracia–Orlová\n1st Mountains classification Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen\n2nd Erondegemse Pijl\n8th Grand Prix de Dottignies\n9th Overall Tour of Chongming Island\n9th Time trial, EPZ Omloop van Borsele\n2016\n1st Overall Trophée d'Or\n1st Stage 1 (ITT)\n2nd La Classique Morbihan\n3rd Time trial, National Road Championships\n3rd Overall BeNe Ladies Tour\n3rd Grand Prix de Plumelec-Morbihan Dames\n3rd Gooik–Geraardsbergen–Gooik\n6th Overall Auensteiner–Radsporttage\n6th Overall Belgium Tour\n2017\n5th Overall Grand Prix Elsy Jacobs\n1st Stage 2\n6th Overall Tour de Feminin-O cenu Českého Švýcarska\n6th Diamond Tour\n8th Overall BeNe Ladies Tour\n8th Gooik–Geraardsbergen–Gooik\n10th Overall Belgium Tour\n10th Omloop van de IJsseldelta", "\"Elise Delzenne retires at 28\". Cyclingnews.com. Immediate Media Company. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2019.\n\"Tout roule pour Élise Delzenne\". Echos du vélo (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Nomain : Élise Delzenne, championne de France cycliste sur route, et un destin fabuleux...\" Voix du Nord (in French). Retrieved 20 July 2013.\n\"Elle est des notres Élise Delzenne la championne de France sur route 2013\". Blog d'André Tignon. Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"321) Interactif : Elise Delzenne en action sur piste\". blog d'André Tignon (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Chpt de France – Pauline Ferrand-Prevot championne !\". velostory (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Résultats CLM juniors dames\" (PDF). FFC (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Élise Delzenne au sprint\" (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Success stories ingenieur ENSAIT\" (PDF). ENSAIT (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Classement de la route du Louvre 2010\" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Élise Delzenne\". cqranking. Retrieved 21 February 2015.\n\"Satisfactions et regrets des filles de la région\". Echos du velo (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Saint-Amand (59) Pauline Ferrand-Prévot a chuté\". France 3 (in French). Retrieved 20 July 2013.\n\"Championnats de France sur piste de l'avenir\". la Gazette du cyclisme féminin (110): 17. August 2012.\n\"championnats de France sur piste du 8 au 11 juin 2012-Vélodrome de Bordeaux\". la Gazette du cyclisme féminin (109): 11. July 2012.\n\"Elise Delzenne, une Nordiste championne de France de cyclisme sur route\". France 3 (in French). Retrieved 20 July 2013.\n\"2ème et 3ème Journées des Championnats de France sur Piste\". Échos du vélo (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2013.\n\"Elise Delzenne, championne surprise\". sport.fr. Retrieved 20 July 2013.\n\"Cyclisme : Elise Delzenne signe dans l'une meilleures équipes mondiales\". la Voir du Nord (in French). 3 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.\n\"Ladies Tour of Qatar\". velocio sports. Retrieved 10 May 2014.\n\"Ladies Tour of Qatar 2014\". cycling news. Retrieved 11 May 2014.\n\"Molecaten Drentse 8 (1.2)\". pro cycling stats. Retrieved 12 May 2014.\n\"La Chronique d'Élise Delzenne en Italie\". echos du velo. Retrieved 18 May 2014.\n\"AccueilCyclisme féminin Ronde van Overijssel: L'après course avec Elise Delzenne\". le dérailleur (in German). Retrieved 11 May 2014.\n\"2014 Ronde van Overijssel Women Results\". cycling tips. Retrieved 11 May 2014.\n\"Johansson wins stage 1 of Women's Tour in Northampton\". cycling news. Retrieved 18 May 2014.\n\"Vos extends lead in Women's Tour with stage 4 win\". cycling news. Retrieved 18 May 2014.\n\"The Women Tour – Étape 4 – Avec Élise Delzenne\". echos du velo (in French). Retrieved 18 May 2014.\n\"Championnats de France contre-la-montre dames, Victoire de Pauline Ferrand Prevot\". la nouvelle république. Retrieved 7 July 2014.\n\"Championnat de France dames classements\". direct velo (in French). Retrieved 7 July 2014.\n\"Championnat de France – Dames : Autres réactions\". direct velo (in French). Retrieved 7 July 2014.\n\"Internationale Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen 2014\". cycling news. Retrieved 15 July 2014.\n\"Erondegemse Pijl (Erpe-Mere) 2014 (1.2)\". cycling fever. Retrieved 26 August 2014.\n\"Oostkamp (Belgique) – Victoire d'Élise Delzenne\". echo du velo (in French). Retrieved 26 August 2014.\n\"Deux jours de course avec Elise Delzenne\". le derailleur (in French). Retrieved 26 August 2014.\n\"Tour Cycliste Féminin International de l'Ardèche 2014 (2.2)\". cycling fever. Retrieved 6 September 2014.\n\"Tour cycliste féminin international de l'Ardèche\". site officiel. Retrieved 6 September 2014.\n\"September 27, Women's Elite Road Race: Ponferrada – Ponferrada 127.4km Worlds: Ferrand-Prevot secures the gold medal\". cycling news. Retrieved 29 September 2014.\n\"À la poursuite de Pascale Jeuland !\". le dérailleur (in French). Retrieved 3 October 2014.\n\"Pascale Jeuland, championne de France du Scratch\". le dérailleur (in French). Retrieved 4 October 2014.\n\"Futuroscope conserve son titre !\". le dérailleur (in French). Retrieved 4 October 2014.\n\"Elise Delzenne, championne de France de la course aux points\". le dérailleur (in French). Retrieved 5 October 2014.\n\"Piste – Équipe de France – Meeting de Gand – Endurance – course aux points – dames – Delzenne 1ère\". ffc.fr (in French). Retrieved 18 November 2014.\n\"Elise Delzenne : \" J'ai manqué d'expérience \"\". direct velo (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2015.\n\"Course aux points : Pohl titrée\". L'équipe. Retrieved 21 February 2015.\n\"Pervis revient à Cali\". L'équipe (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2015.\n\"April 24/15 15:31 pm – EPZ Omloop van Borsele ITT results\". canadian cyclist. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2018.\n\"Elise Delzenne wins Dwars door de Westhoek\". velociosports. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2018..\n\"Première victoire française sur le Gracia Orlova\". actu team sport (in French). Retrieved 6 June 2018..\nDelzenne, Élise (14 June 2015). \"Le Tour du Monde dans ma roue\". le dérailleur. Retrieved 6 June 2018..\n\"Cyclisme – Contre-la-montre féminin : Delzenne avec les freins\". La voix du nord (in French). 25 June 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2018.\n\"Championnats de France sur route : Élise Delzenne en repêchage\". La voix du nord. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2018.\n\"Cyclisme – Championnat de France : Ferrand-Prévot au-dessus, Delzenne encore cinquième\". La voix du nord (in French). 27 June 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2018.\n\"Johansson wins overall title at Thüringen Rundfahrt\". cyclingnews. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2018.\nDelzenne, Élise (27 August 2015). \"Retour sur un sacré été !\". le dérailleur. Retrieved 2 July 2018.\n\"Site de la fédération française de cyclisme\" (PDF). Retrieved 4 October 2015..\n\"Championnats d'Europe : Élise Delzenne remporte l'argent sur la course aux points, première médaille française\". L'équipe. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2018..\nNorth, Alfred (2018). Tout le cyclisme féminin performances 2015 (in French). at page 437\n\"Cyclisme – Mondiaux sur piste : Élise Delzenne sixième de la poursuite individuelle\". La Voix du Nord (in French). 2 March 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nTurgis, Dominique (2 March 2016). \"Élise Delzenne entre chrono et podium\". direct velo. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nNunes, Valentin (30 June 2016). \"TW – Élise Delzenne : \" Écœurée de ne pas aller aux JO de Rio \"\". cyclism'actu. Retrieved 3 July 2018..\nBlanchard, Bernard. \"Élise Delzenne : les mauvaises nouvelles continuent\". echo du velo. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\n\"Elvin wins Gooik-Geraardsbergen-Gooik\". cycling news. 29 May 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\n\"Route Dames – Sélection JO de Rio 2016\". ffc (in French). Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2018..\nBlanchard, Bernard. \"Championnats de France : Élise Delzenne n'est pas prête d'oublier\". écho du vélo. Retrieved 2 July 2018.\nBarthelemy, Antoine (10 August 2016). \"Chloe Hosking devant Élise Delzenne\". Today Cycling (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2018.\n\"Route de France : Hosking sur le fil, Pieters toujours leader...\" velo racing news (in French). Archived from the original on 3 September 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nHecquet, Jean-Marc (12 August 2016). \"Route de France : Neben sort le grand jeu\". velo racing news (in French). Archived from the original on 3 September 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nMaréchal, Nadine (25 August 2016). \"Trophée d'or : Élise Delzenne a eu chaud et peur...\" Le berry (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2018..\nGérard, Sébastien (25 August 2016). \"Élise Delzenne ou la victoire qui vaut de l'OR\". le dérailleur (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2018..\nHelman, Maurice (9 September 2016). \"Lotto Belgium Tour : A. van Vleuten récidive et est sacrée\". Cyclismactu (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nArthurs-Brennan, Michelle (9 September 2016). \"Annemiek Van Vleuten wins Lotto Belgium Tour Overall\". Totalwomenscycling. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nMaheux, Thomas. \"Élise Delzenne : \" Donner mon maximum sans me mettre de pression \"\". échos du vélo (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2018.\n\"Piste – Élise Delzenne : \" J'ai manqué de fraîcheur \"\". ffc.fr (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2018..\n\"À Glasgow, Chavanel a enlevé la poursuite et Delzenne le scratch\". Eurosport (in French). 6 November 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2018..\n\"Piste – CDM Glasgow : Delzenne en argent, Kneisky au pied du podium\". cycling pro (in French). 5 November 2016. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\n\"Rivera wins Tour of Flanders Women\". cycling news. 2 April 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nPinta, Mickaël (2 April 2017). \"Coryn Rivera remporte le Ronde\". Le dérailleur (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2018.\n\"Derniers tours de roues avant de rhabiller le monde pour Élise Delzenne\". la voix du nord (in French). 17 October 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2018.\nFruch, Frank (30 April 2017). \"Élise Delzenne s'offre la dernière étape à Garnich devant Eugenia Bujak\". Vélo 101 (in French). Retrieved 1 May 2017.\nFruch, Frank (28 May 2017). \"Gooik-Geraardsbergen-Gooik : Vos en force\". vélo 101 (in French). Retrieved 4 June 2017.\nLafaye, Quentin (22 June 2017). \"Championnat de France – CLM Dames : Classements\". direct vélo (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nVDB, Fred (24 June 2017). \"Championnats de France sur route : Saint-Omer 2017 Elite Filles\". Nordsports mag (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2018.\nGachet, Frédéric (9 July 2017). \"Tour de Feminin, étape 5 : Classements\". direct vélo (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2018.\n\"Annette Edmondson 1re leader du BeNe Ladies Tour, Juliette Labous et Liane Lippert prolongent à la Team Sunweb, le tracé de la Classic Vienne Poitou-Charentes\". vélo 101 (in French). 13 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.\n\"Verslag Rit 2B: Marianne Vos grijpt de macht in tijdrit BeNe Ladies Tour\". Site officiel (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 July 2017.\n\"Verslag Rit 3: Vos wint BeNe Ladies Tour met vallen en opstaan\". Site officiel (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 July 2017.\nFruch, Franck (16 July 2017). \"BeNe Ladies Tour : Marianne Vos impériale\". vélo 101 (in French). Retrieved 21 July 2017.\nFruch, Franck (8 September 2017). \"Lotto Belgium Tour : Le coup de Koster\". vélo 101 (in French). Retrieved 8 September 2017..\n\"World Championships: Blaak solos to women's road race title\". cycling news. Retrieved 24 September 2017.\n\"Elise Delzenne retires at 28\". cycling news. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2018.\n\"Élise Delzenne quitte le peloton à l'âge de 28 ans\". L'équipe (in French). 28 September 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2018.\nFrattini, Kirsten (6 November 2016). \"UCI Track World Cup Glasgow – Day 4: Gold for Great Britain in men's team sprint, women's Omnium\". cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 6 November 2016.\n\"Prix de Nogent l'Abbesse : Classements\" (in French). Retrieved 20 July 2013.\n\"Vainqueurs de la coupe de France\". Cyclisme-sport (in French). Retrieved 16 July 2013.", "Élise Delzenne at Cycling Archives\nÉlise Delzenne at ProCyclingStats\nÉlise Delzenne at CQ Ranking" ]

[ "Élise Delzenne", "Career", "Early life and junior career", "Amateur career", "Bourgogne–Pro Dialog (2013)", "Specialized–Lululemon (2014–2015)", "2014 season", "2015 season", "Lotto–Soudal Ladies (2016–2017)", "2016 season", "2017 season", "Major results", "Track", "Road", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4430, 4431, 4432, 4433, 4434, 4435, 4436 ]

[ 20655, 20656, 20657, 20658, 20659, 20660, 20661, 20662, 20663, 20664, 20665, 20666, 20667, 20668, 20669, 20670, 20671, 20672, 20673, 20674, 20675, 20676, 20677, 20678, 20679, 20680, 20681, 20682, 20683, 20684, 20685, 20686, 20687, 20688, 20689, 20690, 20691, 20692, 20693, 20694, 20695, 20696, 20697, 20698, 20699, 20700, 20701, 20702, 20703, 20704, 20705, 20706, 20707, 20708, 20709, 20710, 20711, 20712, 20713, 20714 ]

[ "Élise Desaulniers giving a talk at WordCamp Montréal on 29 June 2013", "" ]

[ 0, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/%C3%89lise_Desaulniers_WordCamp_Montr%C3%A9al_2013_%289267926550%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Orangutan_01.jpg" ]

[ "Élise Desaulniers is an author, writer, journalist, vegan and an advocate for animal welfare and animal rights. Her writings have aroused considerable controversy in Quebec, with its large dairy industry.\nIn 2022, she donated a kidney to an anonymous recipient for altruistic reasons, declaring that childbirth is a greater physical hardship than donating a kidney. During her recovery, she published an article explaining the thought-process leading to her decision, her experience with organ donation and an overview of the practices surrounding organ donation in Canada and elsewhere.", "She won the Grand Prix du journalisme indépendant - opinion ou analyse from the Association des journalistes indépendants du Québec in 2015 for her article Les vrais mâles préfèrent la viande – Convergences du féminisme et de l’antispécisme.\nIn 2020, her book Tables Véganes, co-written with Patricia Martin, won the Gold award from Taste Canada Awards.", "Je mange avec ma tête: Les conséquences de nos choix alimentaires (\"I Eat With My Head: The Consequences of Our Dietary Choices\"), Stanké, 2011; Comer con cabeza, Errata Naturae 2016.\nVache à Lait: Dix mythes de l'industrie laitière, Stanké 2013, La Plage 2017; Cash Cow: Ten Myths about the Dairy Industry, Lantern 2015; Il Libro Nero del Latte, Sonda 2016.\nLe défi végane 21 jours (\"The 21 Day Vegan Challenge\"), Trécarré 2016, La Plage 2017.", "Effective altruism\nOrgan gifting", "\"Élise Desaulniers, la végétalienne optimiste\".\n\"Tempête dans un verre de lait\". 15 June 2013.\n\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2013-09-21.\nRadio-Canada.ca, Zone radio-; Radio-Canada.ca, Zone radio-. \"Buvons-nous trop de lait de vache? - Médium large\". Buvons-nous trop de lait de vache? - Médium large - ICI Radio-Canada Première. Retrieved 20 May 2019.\nMeney, Florence. \"Le lait: une vache sacrée ?\". Le Journal de Montréal. Retrieved 20 May 2019.\n\"Un don de rein, un joli rien\". 25 April 2022.\nhttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/woman-gives-kidney-stranger-montreal-1.6434521\n\"Solidarité organique: J'ai donné mon rein à un·e inconnu·e | Nouveau Projet\".\n\"Elle donne un rein à un inconnu\".\n\"Élise Desaulniers\".\n\"2020 Taste Canada Award Winners\". 26 October 2020.\nÉlise, Desaulniers (2011) \"Je mange avec ma tête: Les conséquences de nos choix alimentaires\" Editions Stanké, Québec http://www.editions-stanke.com/mange-avec-tete/elise-desaulniers/livre/9782760410978\nÉlise, Desaulniers (2013) Vache à lait: Dix mythes de l'industrie laitière Editions Stanké, Québec http://www.editions-stanke.com/vache-lait/elise-desaulniers/livre/9782760411043\nÉlise, Desaulniers (2015) \"Cash Cow\" Lantern Books, New York https://lanternbooks.presswarehouse.com/books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=469183" ]

[ "Élise Desaulniers", "Honours", "Publications", "See also", "References" ]

[ 4437, 4438 ]

[ 20715, 20716, 20717, 20718, 20719 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/%C3%89lise_Fajgeles_%28cropped%29.jpg" ]

[ "Élise Fajgeles (born 6 July 1970) is a French politician who served as the member of the National Assembly for the 5th constituency of Paris from 2017 to 2019. A member of La République En Marche! (LREM), she replaced Benjamin Griveaux as his substitute upon his appointment as Secretary of State to the Minister of the Economy and Finance. Griveaux returned to Parliament two years later after stepping down from his Government Spokesman position.", "Fajgeles was born in Sartrouville, Yvelines. Her grandparents were Polish Jews.", "At the 2017 French legislative election, Fajgeles was the substitute candidate for Benjamin Griveaux in Paris's 5th constituency. Fajgeles became a member of the National Assembly following Griveaux's appointment to the government as Secretary of State to the Minister of the Economy and Finance on 22 July 2017. She left Parliament in 2019.", "\"Immigration, la fermeté républicaine d'Élise Fajgeles\". La Croix (in French). 21 February 2018. ISSN 0242-6056. Retrieved 14 July 2020.\nà 15h30, Le 22 juin 2017 (22 June 2017). \"Paris : élue du Xe, Elise Fajgeles va devenir députée\". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 14 July 2020.\nDaire, Constance (22 June 2017). \"Remaniement : qu'est-ce qui change à l'Assemblée nationale ?\". Libération.fr (in French). Retrieved 14 July 2020.\n\"Avec le retour des anciens ministres, le blues des députés suppléants\". Le Monde.fr (in French). 8 April 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2020.", "Official website" ]

[ "Élise Fajgeles", "Early life", "Political career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4439 ]

[ 20720, 20721, 20722 ]

[ "Elise Fischer in 2008.", "Élise Fischer in October 2014", "" ]

[ 0, 4, 7 ]

[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Elise_Fischer.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Elise_Fischer_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_octobre_2014.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png" ]

[ "Élise Fischer (13 July 1948 in Champigneulles, Meurthe-et-Moselle) is a French writer, journalist and novelist from Lorraine.", "Élise Fischer is the daughter of a father from Lorrain and a mother from Alsace.\nIn 1984 she worked as a journalist for two titles of the Christian written press, France catholique and Panorama, but also for Radio Notre-Dame. She subsequently produced and animated the literary program Au fil des pages on Radios chrétiennes francophones.\nShe has been working with the Bayard Presse group since 1992. Among her novels, several essays are devoted to children's rights. In 2007 she returned to Lorraine and settled there.", "1988: Les Enfants de l'apartheid, Fayard\n1989: Feu sur l'enfance, Fayard\n1998: La Colère de Mouche, Éditions Mazarine\n2000: L'Inaccomplie, Mazarine\n2000: Les pommes seront fameuses cette année, Mazarine\n2001: Trois reines pour une couronne, Presses de la Cité\n2002: Le Dernier Amour d'Auguste, Fayard\n2003: Les Alliances de cristal, Presses de la Cité\n2003: Un petit carré de soie, Fayard\n2004: Mystérieuse Manon, Presses de la Cité\n2005: Nous, les derniers mineurs : l'épopée des Gueules noires, hors collection (in collaboration with Camille Oster)\n2005: Le Soleil des mineurs, Presses de la Cité\n2006: L'Enfant perdu des Philippines, Collection Sud Lointain, Presses de la Cité\n2006: Les cigognes savaient, Presses de la Cité\n2007: Appelez-moi Jeanne, Fayard\n2007: Le Roman de la Place Stanislas, Place Stanislas Éditions\n2008: La Lorraine au cœur. Promenade à travers l'histoire et les paysages, Place Stanislas Éditions\n2008: Confession d'Adrien le colporteur, Presses de la Cité\n2008: Un rire d’ailleurs, Fayard\n2009: Quand je serai grand, Fayard\n2009: Le Secret du Pressoir, Presses de la Cité\n2010: Sous les mirabelliers, Presses de la Cité\n2010: Les Noces de Marie-Victoire, Calmann-Lévy\n2010: Le Rêve de la Grenouille, Presses de la Cité\n2011: Les Larmes et l'espoir with Geneviève Senger, Presses de la Cité\n2012: Les Amours de la Grenouille, Presses de la cité\n2013: '$$$'Au péril de la vérité, Presses de la Cité\n2013: Je jouerai encore pour nous, Calmann-Lévy\n2014: La Tante de Russie, Presses de la Cité\n2014: Villa Sourire, Calmann-Lévy\n2015: L’Étrange Destin de Marie, Calmann-Lévy\n2016: Le Jardin de Pétronille, Calmann-Lévy\n2016: Sur le Fil, Presses de la Cité", "2008: Meurtre au Village du Livre, l'Oxalide.\n2012: Madeleine et le dessert du roi Stanislas, illustration Amélie Dufour, Feuilles de menthe, collection Le thé aux histoires\n2013: Si la bergamote m'était contée : le bonbon soleil, illustrations Jude Leppo, Le Verger des Hespérides", "1991: Pour les enfants du monde, collective work under the direction of professor Alexandre Minkowski, Éditions n°1/UNICEF/MPLEM\n2003: L'Appel de Lunéville : Pour la Résurrection du Versailles lorrain, collective work under the direction of François Moulin and Michel Vagner, éditions de l'Est Républicain/La Nuée Bleue\n2007: Paroles d'auteurs – La Lorraine – Photographs Pascal Bodez, collective work with the support of Conseil Régional de Lorraine, Serge Domini, éditeur\n2009: Les plus belles Saint-Nicolas en Lorraine, under the direction of Marie-Hélène Colin, Place Stanislas éditions\n2009: Les plus beaux Noëls d'Alsace, under the direction of Michel Loetscher, Place Stanislas éditions\n2010: Si Champigneulles m'était conté, parwork directed by an 11th-grade scholl of Champigneulles, Le Verger des Hespérides éditions", "2001: Feuille d'or de la ville de Nancy for L'Inaccomplie\n2004: Prix de l'Association Le printemps du Livre lorrain for Mystérieuse Manon\n2005: Prix des Conseillers généraux de la région lorraine for Le soleil des Mineurs\n2005: Prix Victor Hugo pour Le soleil des Mineurs\n2007: Mention spéciale du prix des Écrivains Croyants for Appelez-moi Jeanne\n2010: Prix Prouvé de Nancy for Quand je serai grand", "Michel Caffier, Dictionnaire des littératures de Lorraine, Serpenoise, 2003, p. 383 ISBN 2876925699", "Élise Fischer on Babelio\nÉlise Fischer on Calmann-Lévy\nNotice on the site ÉcriVosges\nÉlise Fischer on Imaginales\nInterview. Élise Fischer, L’Étrange destin de Marie on L'internaute\nÉlise Fischer on Presses de la Cité\nÉlise Fischer on Ricochet-Jeunes" ]

[ "Élise Fischer", "Biography", "Works", "Books for youth", "In collaboration", "Distinctions", "Bibliography", "External links" ]

[ 4440, 4441 ]

[ 20723, 20724, 20725, 20726, 20727 ]

[ "Lucet in 2015" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Elise_Lucet_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" ]

[ "Élise Lucet (/ɛliːs ljuːˈsɛt/; born 30 May 1963) is a French journalist and television host. Known for her investigative journalism work on shows such as Pièces à Conviction, Cash Investigation and Envoyé spécial, she has been dubbed France's \"incorruptible journalist\". In 2008, she was named Knight of the Legion of Honour. Lucet's work for Cash Investigation garnered her and her crew around twenty international awards including a Pulitzer Prize in 2017 for their investigation on the Panama Papers.", "Élise Lucet was born in Rouen, Seine-Maritime. Her father is a teacher and her mother a school director. She has a sister. Lucet began her career under Henri Sannier on the Caen affiliate of France 3 in 1983. She subsequently worked for Sygma TV and the public service radio station France Inter. In 1990, she became the host of the 19/20 evening news on France 3. In 1997, she became its lead editor.", "As a writer and television producer, Lucet hosted Pièces à Conviction from 2000 until 2011. In 2005, she left 19/20 to host 13 heures le journal on France 2. In 2012, she began hosting Cash Investigation, an investigative television programme; she has also hosted Envoyé spécial since 2016.", "Cash Investigation brought to light some controversies:\nIn June 2012, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) sued France 2 to prevent broadcast of an interview of the NGO's management. The courts ruled in favour of France 2.\nIn October 2013, the programme revealed that the Government of France had fined the training arm of gardening company Jardiland 3.2 million euros in September 2012, with regards to fraudulent transactions concerning hundreds of false training certificates issued between 2007 and 2011. The certificates allowed Jardiland to illegally receive subsidies from professional training organisations. Jardiland announced it would bring a defamation suit against France Télévisions, publicly accusing the Cash Investigation report of presenting false information. In April 2015, Jardiland withdrew its suit.\nIn 2015, Rachida Dati criticised the broadcast for raising questions about a possible link between herself and the Engie corporation (formerly GDF-Suez).\nIn 2015, Élise Lucet took part in a demonstration by the collective named \"Informer n’est pas un délit\" (English: Informing is not a crime) against a proposed French law about trade secrets, an amendment to the Loi pour la croissance, l'activité et l'égalité des chances économiques (Law for growth, activity and equality of economic opportunity), known as the \"Loi Macron\". She opposed the measure because it would hamper the production of broadcasts like Cash Investigation. A book was published in 2015.\nAfter the 2 February 2016 broadcast of Produits chimiques, nos enfants en danger (Chemical products, our children in danger), the Association française pour l'information scientifique (AFIS; French Association for Scientific Information) issued a press release claiming that the documentary misled viewers. It cited a summary written by the European Food Safety Authority, briefly referred to at the beginning of the show, which stated: \"More than 97% of foods contain pesticide residues within legal limits; 54.6 of these contain no detectable trace\". Several weeks later the AFIS returned to the subject, in a more detailed article, Comment les téléspectateurs ont été abusés par 'Cash Investigation'.\nIn July 2016, the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (France's media regulatory body), at the request of members of the National Assembly, published a decision relating to the file of investigation on pesticides. The board \"regretted that journalists misrepresented that a study by the European Food Safety Authority had revealed that 97% of foodstuffs contained residues of pesticides\" and asked France Télévisions to \"respect their obligations regarding rigour in the presentation and processing of information\". In October 2016, the EFSA published its new annual report on pesticide residues in foods. Following the controversy, it changed the technical terms of its report: this time there is no question of detection limit (LOD) in pesticide residues but of limit of quantification of pesticide residues (LOQ).\nIn October 2016, the first deputy to the Mayor of Nice, Christian Estrosi, contradicted an investigation's claims relating to the cost and the use of the Allianz Riviera, a newly built stadium. A dedicated website was made to back Estrosi's counter-claims. Lucet and Estrosi vigorously opposed each other at the end of the show.\nIn March 2017, the Conference of Bishops of France complained about the \"accusatory methods of the show's journalists\" when pressed on issues of pedophilia in the Catholic Church; and that they had not talked much about the \"recent measures taken by the Church to prevent and punish these acts\". Lucet went to the Vatican to try to talk to Pope Francis.", "Her pugnacity and daring attitude are appreciated by spectators. Her show regularly achieves record viewership numbers for a news programme; she was elected favourite TV host of France in October 2017.", "", "1983–1986: journalist on FR3 Caen\n1987: journalist on Sygma TV\n1987–1988: regular guest on La Marche du siècle on France 2\n1988–2005: host and editor of 19/20 on France 3\n1994–2000: host and editor of Science 3 on France 3\n2000: host of the documentary Viols d'enfants : la fin du silence ? on France 3\n2000–2011: host of Pièces à Conviction on France 3\n2002: host of Quand je serai président on France 3\n2005–2016: host and editor of 13 heures on France 2\n2008: host of À nos 100 ans ! on France 2\n2012–present: host of Cash Investigation on France 2\n2016–present: host of Envoyé spécial on France 2", "", "The audiovisual club of Paris awarded her the 2014 Laurier of the TV magazine for Cash Investigation. The same year, she won the yearly International Press (Television) Grand Prize for \"her entire career in international news and for excellence and courage in the treatment of international issues in Cash Investigation\". Anti-corruption association Anticor later awarded Lucet its 2015 Ethics Price.", "Lucet and Martin Bourgeois, an antiquarian, were married in 2006. They had a daughter, Rose. Bourgeois died of leukemia in 2011.", "Delorghon, Celestine (2013-06-19). Produits chimiques : l'overdose: Allergies troubles digestifs fatigue chonique douleurs inexpliquées (in French). Mosaïque Santé. ISBN 978-2-84939-080-1.\n\"Communiqués de presse\". www.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 24 November 2017.\nÉlise Lucet, journaliste incorruptible (in French)\n\"Cash Investigation\" (in French). Retrieved 2021-09-14.\n\"Le blues des journalistes – Nouvelle Une\" (in French). Retrieved 2021-09-14.\n\"PressReader.com - Digital Newspaper & Magazine Subscriptions\". www.pressreader.com. Retrieved 2021-09-14.\n\"\"Panama Papers\" : 6 choses à savoir sur un Prix Pulitzer historique\". TéléObs (in French). 12 April 2017. Retrieved 2021-09-14.\nLucet, Élise (1963-....) forme internationale. Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved October 4, 2016.\n\"Élise Lucet\". Gala. Retrieved 4 October 2016.\n\"\"Cash investigation\" : WWF poursuit France 2 en justice\" (in French). Retrieved June 9, 2012.\n\"Formation Pro - Jardiland et les dérives de la formation professionnelle\". France Télévisions (in French). France Télévisions. October 2, 2013.\nLeclerc, Morgan (October 3, 2013). \"Mis en cause par France 2, Jardiland conteste \"une enquête fantaisiste\" sur les dérives de la formation\". LSA Conso (in French). LSA.\n\"Formation Pro:Jardiland et les dérives de la formation professionnelle\". France Télévisions (in French). France Télévisions. October 2, 2013.\nFrance TV (5 September 2015). \"Je n'ai rien à cacher\".\nGuillaume Couet; Vanessa Jiménez-Serrania; Nizar Lajnef; Elisabeth Logeais (June 11, 2015). \"Questions for National Reporters of LIDC STOCKHOLM 2015\" (PDF). INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE OF COMPETITION LAW. Retrieved April 23, 2016.\n\"Le secret des affaires: la directive européene qui veut taire la vérité\" (in French). 22 June 2015.\nAvec Élise Lucet, l’indépendance défendue sans relâche (interview). L'Humanité, 7 September 2015\nAFIS (February 9, 2016). \"Cash Investigation et les pesticides : quand des contrevérités sont diffusées en prime time\" (in French).\n\"Comment les téléspectateurs ont été abusés par Cash Investigation\". 2 March 2016.\n\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 2016-09-04. Retrieved 2017-11-24.\n\"Résidus de pesticides dans les aliments: le risque pour les consommateurs reste faible - Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments\". www.efsa.europa.eu. Retrieved 24 November 2017.\n\"\"Clash investigation\" entre Lucet et Estrosi sur le stade de Nice\". 18 October 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2017.\n\"Cash investigation - Église catholique en France\". 20 March 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.\nlefigaro.fr (31 October 2017). \"Élise Lucet, animatrice préférée des Français, Cyril Hanouna dans les derniers du classement\". Retrieved 24 November 2017.\n\"Lauriers de la Télévision et de la Radio : découvrez le palmarès - News Télé 7 Jours\". www.programme-television.org. Archived from the original on 2014-02-25. \nAtlasseo. \"Le grand prix de la presse internationale\". www.apepresseetrangere.org. Retrieved 24 November 2017.", "Élise Lucet at IMDb" ]

[ "Élise Lucet", "Early years", "Investigative journalism", "Controversies", "Viewership", "Career", "Television", "Film", "Accolades", "Personal life", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4442 ]

[ 20728, 20729, 20730, 20731, 20732, 20733, 20734, 20735, 20736, 20737, 20738, 20739, 20740, 20741, 20742, 20743, 20744, 20745, 20746, 20747 ]

[ "Élise Rivet" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Elise_Rivet.jpg" ]

[ "Élise Rivet, also known as Mère Marie Élisabeth de l'Eucharistie (January 19, 1890, Draria, Algeria – March 30, 1945, Ravensbrück concentration camp, Germany) was a Roman Catholic nun and World War II heroine. Rivet volunteered to go to the gas chamber, in place of a mother, in the German concentration camp of Ravensbrück.", "Rivet was born to an Alsatian mother and French naval officer father. After the death of her father in 1910, she moved with her mother to Lyon. She worked for a time in a hair salon before joining the convent of the medical sisters of Notre Dame de Compassion in Lyon in 1912. In 1933 she became Mère Marie Élisabeth de l'Eucharistie, the convent's Mother Superior.", "After the fall of the French Third Republic to Nazi Germany in World War II, she began hiding refugees from the Gestapo and eventually used her convent to store weapons and ammunition for the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance (MUR) at the request of Albert Chambonnet.\nOn March 24, 1944, she and her assistant were arrested by the Gestapo and taken to the Montluc prison in Lyon. From there, she was taken to Romainville, before being shipped to Ravensbrück concentration camp near Berlin, Germany. There, stripped of her religious garments, she was forced into hard labor. Rivet volunteered to go to the gas chamber on March 30, 1945, in place of a mother only weeks before Germany surrendered unconditionally. She was 55 years old.", "In 1961, the government of France honored her with her portrait on a Heroes of the Resistance postage stamp. A street bearing her name was inaugurated in Brignais (Lyon) on December 2, 1979. In 1996, she was recognized as Righteous Among the Nations. In 1997, she was posthumously awarded the Médaille des Justes. In 1999, a lecture hall at the Institut des Sciences de l'Homme in Lyon was named Salle Élise Rivet in her honor.", "Maximilian Kolbe", "catholique à Lyon\nSaidel, Rochelle G. (2004). The Jewish Women of Ravensbrück Concentration Camp. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-299-19860-2.\nCurvat, Serge (2003). Les lieux secrets de la Résistance: Lyon, 1940-1944. Editions Xavier Lejeune. p. 204. ISBN 978-2-907608-41-1.\nYadvashem. \"The Righteous Among The Nations, Rivet Elisabeth\". db.yadvashem.org.\nUniversity of Minnesota Centre for Holocaust and Genocide Studies\nCabanel, Patrick (22 February 2012). Histoire des Justes en France. Armand Colin. p. 24. ISBN 978-2-200-27683-6.", "French-language biographical article\nEnglish-language article\nArticle on philatelic representations of Mère Elise" ]

[ "Élise Rivet", "Early life", "World War II", "Legacy", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4443 ]

[ 20748, 20749, 20750, 20751, 20752 ]

[ "Élise Turcotte" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/%C3%89lise_Turcotte_au_Quai_des_Brumes.jpg" ]

[ "Élise Turcotte (born 26 June 1957 in Sorel, Quebec) is a Canadian writer. She completed her BA and MA in literary studies at the University of Quebec and later received her doctorate at the Université de Sherbrooke. She now teaches literature at a CEGEP in Montreal, where she currently resides. Her writing has won much praise, and among other things she has won the Grand Prix de Poésie, as well as the 2003 Governor General's Award for her novel La Maison étrangère and the Prix Émile-Nelligan for La voix de Carla in 1987 and for La terre est ici in 1989.", "\"Turcotte, Élise\". 2 Seas Foreign Rights Catalog. Retrieved 3 December 2021.\n\"Vie littéraire - Une ville en émoi\". Le Devoir (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2021.", "Critical bibliography database (Auteurs.contemporain.info) (in French)" ]

[ "Élise Turcotte", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4444 ]

[ 20753 ]

[ "Voiart in 1811" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Mayer-elisa-voiart.jpg" ]

[ "Élise Voïart, (1786-1866) was a writer and translator from Nancy, France, specializing in historical works, fiction and children's books. She held literary salons at her home when she lived near Paris.", "Élise was born 10 February 1786, Anne-Élisabeth-Élise Petitpain, in Nancy, France, the oldest of eight children. Her father was the organist at the Cathedral in Nancy but died at a young age. Élise expanded her knowledge of German by assisting her stepfather M. Wouters, a local manufacturer, with his business. In 1807, Monsignor Antoine Eustache d'Osmond, had the idea of having her admitted to the court of Josephine, which resulted in the Empress giving the young lady a pension of 500 francs and the hope of being admitted to a special secondary school for daughters of recipients of the Legion of Honor, called Écouen.\nÉlise intended to enter Écouen, but at 20, she met and married a widower thirty years older, Jacques-Philippe Voïart, food administrator at Les Invalides and art lover who already had two daughters, including the future poet Amable Tastu (1795-1885) whose literacy education Élise nurtured.\nThe new couple had one child, a daughter, Élisabeth Voïart (c. 1814-1875), who became a pastellist artist. The Voïart family took up residence in Choisy-le-Roi outside Paris, where Élise ran a liberal-minded salon frequented by Adélaïde-Gillette Dufrénoy, \"la Sapho française,\" the popular singer Béranger, and the artist couple Pierre-Paul Prud'hon and Constance Mayer who painted a portrait of Élise Voïart that is held at the Museum of Fine Arts of Nancy.", "The first publications of Élise Voïart (sometimes spelled Voyart) were translations from German and English into French. She produced 30 volumes between 1817 and 1821; most were sentimental novels by August Lafontaine, which she did not hesitate to revise, thus appropriating the writing. For Fridolin by Friedrich Schiller, however, Élise opted instead to stick rigorously to the text, saying it was the only way to make \"the touching and naive simplicity inherent to the character and the German language.\" In doing so, she freed the work from rhyme, thus promoting free verse poetry.", "Élise Voïart's first historical novel, The Virgin of Arduene, described the passage of Gaul under Roman rule during the reign of Augustus. It became part of the romantic movement to rediscover France's past. A review of the work by Auguste Lafontaine describes the author's strong female characters.\n\"Élisa Voïart enthusiastically painted this ancient Gaul where women were almost deified. Struck with the influence that in all times her sex exerted on our mores, she sought the origin, and thought she found it based on religious principles, passed out in the wave of centuries, but preserved until today by popular traditions: the Gauls and the Germans, according to Tacitus, attributed something divine to their wives; recognition and love, continues Voïart, made this cult lasting.\"\nÉlise also wrote commissioned works intended for the Ladies ' Encyclopedia (Letters on the ladies' toilet, 1821; Essay on ancient and modern dance, 1823).", "At the beginning of the 1830s, Voïart wrote for the booming educational and feminine press, contributing to the Journal des dames, the Journal des Demoiselles and the Journal des jeunes personnes. In the process of supporting her stepdaughter, the poet Amable Tastu during the bankruptcy of her husband's printing business, together they begin to collect fairy tales. Eager to promote national cultures, she translated the Popular Songs of the Servians (1834).", "In 1836, the Voïarts offered their hospitality to the aging and bankrupt Rouget de Lisle, famous for writing the words and music of the French national anthem, the Marseillaise. (He died at 76 in Choisy-le-Roi.)\nAfter her husband's death in 1842, Élise Voïart moved back to her birthplace, Nancy, where she composed historical Lorraine novels and earned her the status of \"the Walter Scott of Lorraine.\" She also signed a series of novels for the collection of the “Library of little children” created by the Catholic publisher Alfred Mame in 1845. In children's literature dominated by “a massive production of bland and bland moral stories,” Voïart's stories are distinguished by a precise observation of the world of childhood and the staging of autonomous female characters.", "For her novel The Woman, or the six loves, Voïart was honored by the French Academy with the Montyon Prize in 1828.\nVoïart growing notoriety caused her to be included in collections such as Montferrand's Femmes célèbres (1843) and the Book of the Hundred and one by Pierre-François Ladvocat, where she is listed among the most prominent literary figures.\nIn 1868, Voïart was elected an associate member of the Stanislas Academy, the first woman to be so honored.", "Voïart died on 22 January 1866 in Nancy at the age of 79.", "The literary critic Sainte-Beuve wrote condescendingly about Voïart's work, citing her \"young, gifted (...) taste and talent for writing, known by several nice books.\" However, her books and translations have been held in libraries continuously since the 1821. As of 2017, Worldcat.org lists 235 works in 523 publications in 4 languages could be found in libraries worldwide.", "Only a few of her many works are listed. Some were published in multiple editions.\nThe Virgin of Arduene, Gallic traditions, Battle, 1821.\nLetters on the ladies' toilet, Paris, Audot, 1822.\nEssay on ancient and modern dance, 1823.\nLa Femme ou les Six Amours, A. Dupont, 6 vol., 1827–1828.\nFridolin (Schiller), with a literal translation of the ballad by Elise Voïart, Audot, 1829.\nFaust twenty-six prints from the drawings of Retzsch with an analysis of Goethe's drama, by Elise Voïart, Audot, 1828.\nThe Dragon of Rhodes (Schiller), with a literal translation of the ballad by Elise Voïart, Audot, 1829.\nThe Cross of murder, the last novel of August Lafontaine, free translation by Elise Voïart, Paris, Delongchamps, 1831, 4 vols.\nRing L. Kruze, free translation by Elise Voïart, Paris, Delongchamps, 1832\nPopular songs Servien, collected by Vuk Stephanowisch and translated from Talvy by Elise Voïart, Merklein, 1834, 2 vols.\nMarriage and Love, contemporary anecdote, Paris, Delongchamps, 1834.\nCute, imitated from the German by Elise Voïart, Delongchamps, 1834, 2 vols.\nNew popular tales, Miss Edgeworth, translated from English by Elise Voïart, Paris, Baudouin, 1835, 4 vols.\nFairy Tales: The book of children, chosen by Elise Voïart and Amable Tastu, Paulin, 1836–1838, 6 vols.\nLe Robinson suisse, by Wyss, translated from German by Élise Voïart, Didier, 1837, 2 vol.\nChildren of the Andlau Valley or Familiar Notions on Religion, Morals and the Wonders of Nature, by Mesdames E. Voïart and A. Tastu, Didier, 1837, 2 vol.\nNow guess! Lorraine tradition - 1272, Dumont, 1841, 2 vol.\nJacques Callot, 1606 to 1637, Paris, Dumont, 1841.\nThe Visit to Prisoners, Paris, P. Mellier, 1844.\nLa Petite Chapelle, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1845.\nMedor, the good dog, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1845\nLa Petite Fille vouée au blanc, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1845\nÉliane, souvenirs de Normandie, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1845.\nThe Little Green Book, or how we learn to read well, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1845.\nNew Years Day, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1845.\nThe Bethlehem, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1846.\nAnna the obstinate, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1845.\nThe Wooden Horse, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1849.\nThe Finch Nest, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1849.\nPetit Pierre and Pierrette, Tours, Alfred Mame, 1849.", "Duplessy, Joseph (1862). Trésor littéraire des jeunes personnes: choix de morceaux de prose et de poésie (in French). Mame. p. 393.\n\"Élise Voïart (1786-1866)\". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 2020-03-26.\n\"NEWW Women Writers\". resources.huygens.knaw.nl. Retrieved 2020-03-26.\nMémoires de l'Académie de Stanislas (in French). Académie de Stanislas. 1869.\n\"Élise Voïart\". worldcat.org. Retrieved 26 March 2020.\nChristine Lombez, The translation of German into French poetry in the first half of the 19th century, Tübigen, Niermeyer, 2009, p. 119-120. (in French)\n\"Revue des Romans/Élise Voïart - Wikisource\". fr.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2020-03-26.\nKnibiehler, Yvonne (1998-04-01). \"Afifa MARZOUKI, Amable Tastu, une poétesse à l'époque romantique, Publications de la Faculté des Lettres de la Manouba, Tunis, 1997\". Clio. Femmes, Genre, Histoire (in French) (7). doi:10.4000/clio.356. ISSN 1252-7017.\n\"Wikiwix's cache\". archive.wikiwix.com. Archived from the original on 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2020-03-26. \nMathilde Lévêque, Élise Voïart, petit écrivain modèle, Cahiers séguriens, t. IX, 2010, p. 64. (in French)\nGindre de Mancy, \"Madame Élise Voïart,\" Memoirs of the Stanislas Academy, 1868, p. 307-334.\nMartine Reid, Des femmes en littérature, Paris, Belin, 2010, p 331. (in French) (ISBN 978-2-70115-566-1)" ]

[ "Élise Voïart", "Biography", "Translations", "Novels", "Young adult works", "Last years", "Accolades", "Death", "Critiques", "Selected works", "References" ]

[ 4445 ]

[ 20754, 20755, 20756, 20757, 20758, 20759, 20760, 20761, 20762, 20763, 20764, 20765, 20766, 20767, 20768, 20769, 20770, 20771, 20772, 20773, 20774, 20775, 20776 ]

[ "Bourgine in 2013." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Elisabeth_Bourgine_2013.jpg" ]

[ "Élizabeth Clémentine Madeleine Bourgine (born 20 March 1957 in Levallois-Perret, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French actress, appearing in film, television and theater. She is credited with more than 60 roles in film and television, mostly French productions.", "Originally a dancer and model, she studied at École des Beaux-Arts. She first appeared in student films between 1976 and 1977 until landing a role in the film Nestor Burma, with her future husband, Jean-Luc Miesch.\nShe was awarded the Prix Romy Schneider Prize in 1985.\nFrom 2011 she has appeared in the joint French/British production Death in Paradise, a crime drama/comedy filmed in Guadeloupe for BBC One.\nShe is best known in France for her roles in A Heart in Winter (1992), My Best Friend (2006) and Private Lessons (1986).", "2006: My Best Friend : Julia\n2013: Joséphine, ange gardien : Jeanne (1 Episode)\n2011-present: Death in Paradise : Catherine Bordey (Season one: recurring, season two onwards: main.)", "Bourgine was born 20 March 1957, in the Parisian suburb Levallois-Perret. She is married to Jean-Luc Miesch, and they have one adult son.", "", "Élizabeth Bourgine at IMDb" ]

[ "Élizabeth Bourgine", "Career", "Select filmography", "Personal life", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Élizabeth Teissier, née Germaine Élizabeth Hanselmann (born 6 January 1938) is a French astrologer and former model and actress. Between 1975 and 1976, she created a daily horoscope on French television channel Antenne 2, and in 1981, she launched the Astro Show television programme in Germany. Her personal clients included former President of France François Mitterrand, and she has published several books on astrology. A test that compared her predictions against common sense and chance failed to show any evidence of her having any special powers.\nShe has been involved in several controversies, including the award of a Doctorate in Sociology for her thesis which argued that astrology was being oppressed by science. Her work was contested by the scientific community; criticisms included the alleged failure to work within the field of sociology and also lacking the necessary scientific rigour for a doctoral thesis in any scientific field. The university and jury who awarded the degree were harshly criticised, though both they and Teissier had supporters and defenders.\nIn 2015, Teissier unsuccessfully sued the Wikimedia Foundation, claiming that the French Wikipedia article about her damaged her reputation.", "", "Born to a Swiss father and a French mother, she married André Teissier du Cros in 1960. She gained a Masters in Modern Literature in 1963 and a Bachelor of Arts in Literature in 1992.", "Between 1965 and 1975, she acted in a dozen films, including mainly soft erotic films, but also ones directed by Sydney Pollack (Castle Keep, 1969), Marcel Carné, Philippe de Broca and Yves Robert. She has also worked as a model, notably for Coco Chanel.\nIn 1968 she became a student of the astrologer Henri Joseph Gouchon on the advice of Federico Fellini. Afterwards, from 1975 to 2009, she had several astrological columns, presented astrology on television, and published pleas for astrology's recognition.\nFrom 1989, she advised the French President, François Mitterrand, who consulted her regularly at the Élysée Palace. Her advice covered both personal matters, such as his health, and matters of state such as the Gulf War and the timing of the Maastricht Treaty referendum. She released transcripts of their recorded conversations four years after his death. For example, he said, \"You once told me there were days when it was better to talk, and days when it was better not to talk. When is the next best day for me to speak? Could you check for me?\"", "1966 (uncredited): Qui êtes-vous, Polly Maggoo ?, directed by William Klein\n1966 (uncredited): Tendre Voyou, directed by Jean Becker\n1968: Young Wolves (Les Jeunes Loups), directed by Marcel Carné\n1968: Faites donc plaisir aux amis directed by Francis Rigaud\n1969: Castle Keep, directed by Sydney Pollack\n1969: The Blood Rose (La Rose écorchée), directed by Claude Mulot\n1971: Frustration, ou Les Dérèglements d'une jeune provinciale, directed by José Bénazéraf\n1972: Le rempart des Béguines, directed by Guy Casaril\n1972: Rolande met de bles, directed by Roland Verhavert\n1973: A Slightly Pregnant Man (L'Événement le plus important depuis que l'homme a marché sur la Lune), directed by Jacques Demy\n1973: Salut l'artiste, directed by Yves Robert\n1975: L'Incorrigible, directed by Philippe de Broca", "From 1975 to 1983, she hosted a series of television shows making astrological predictions:\nFrom 16 July 1975 to 15 February 1976: Astralement vôtre or Interlude astral, daily broadcast on Antenne 2 (now France 2).\n1978–1979: Au Bonheur des astres, weekly show on Antenne 2\n1979–1980: La Légende des Ciels, weekly show on Antenne 2\n1980–1983: Astro Show: on ARD in Germany.", "According to Teissier, her predictions have a success rate of 80% to 90%. She claims to have predicted events such as the shooting of Ronald Reagan, Black Monday and the fall of the Berlin Wall.\nThe Circle Zététique of Languedoc-Roussillon, via a test conducted at the University of Nice from April 2000 to January 2001, argued that her predictions and random predictions by a computer yielded identical results.\nA team compared twenty-two forecasts made by Élizabeth Teissier for 2000 to twenty-two forecasts by a group using a common sense reasoning, and twenty-two forecasts made by using a computer to choose random dates. The target was a minimum of 16 successes for Teissier (73%).\nResults: \nRandom choice: 8 successes\nTeissier: 7 successes\nCommon sense: 7 successes.\nThe experiment concluded that there was no evidence of Élizabeth Teissier having any particular gift, with common-sense predictions or even random chance having equivalent results.", "Teissier sparked controversy and denunciation in September 2007 when she said, in an interview with the Swiss daily newspaper Le Matin, that \"in an astrological chart, you can see if you have a predisposition to cancer, and the type of cancer in question\" and that \"astrology has never killed anyone, unlike medicine\".", "On 7 April 2001, Elizabeth Teissier defended her thesis entitled Situation épistémologique de l'astrologie à travers l'ambivalence fascination-rejet dans les sociétés postmodernes (\"The Epistemological Situation of Astrology in Relation to the Ambivalent Fascination/Rejection of Postmodern Societies\"). Her studies at the University of Paris Descartes (a member of the Sorbonne University alliance), were under the supervision of Michel Maffesoli, an Emeritus Professor of Sociology. The central idea of the thesis was described by The New York Times as being that astrology is being oppressed by science, which Teissier called \"official science\" and \"monolithic thought\". Teissier argued, however, that her work is devoid of bias and had \"focused only on the misunderstanding that astrology as a multimillennial knowledge vehicle\" provokes. Her prepared statement was enthusiastically received by her supporters, but there was also a declaration from the editor-in-chief of Science et Vie Junior that what was occurring was a \"farce.\" At end of the defense, the jury deliberated only briefly before Serge Moscovici admitted Teissier to her doctoral degree with the \"very honourable\" distinction.\nThe decision to award Teissier's doctorate was controversial, and several sociologists also publicly challenged its legitimacy. The university was criticised for granting the degree, as was the jury, along with Teissier's statements in support of astrology as a science.\nA petition signed by over 370 sociologists was sent to Professor Pierre Daumard, the President of the university; he responded that Teissier had complied with all university requirements and it is not his place to question the \"guarantees of the scientific validity of the thesis\" from the independent jury. Daumard also defended that astrology is a legitimate subject for sociological study for its impact on society, However, a group organised by the Association Française pour l'Information Scientifique (AFIS) described it as \"not a thesis in sociology but actually pro-astrological advocacy.\" They concluded that the Teissier's work did not meet the requirements of scientific rigor of doctoral research, regardless of the discipline in question.", "In July 2015, Teissier sued the Wikimedia Foundation, saying the article about her on the French Wikipedia damaged her reputation, and required her to have the right of response. She lost the original trial and appeal. In June 2016, The Court of Appeal in Paris dismissed the case, stating that the Wikimedia Foundation had a technical role of hosting provider, and was thus not involved in the content, and that the remarks about Teissier fell within the limits of free criticism.", "Ne brûlez pas la sorcière, Pauvert, 1970. OCLC 3274316\nAstralement vôtre : le triomphe d'une vocation, Laffont, 1980. ISBN 9782221005477\nAstrologie, passion, Hachette, 1992. ISBN 9782010190599\nwith Henri Laborit Étoiles et molécules, Grasset, 1992. ISBN 9782246463412\nLes Douze Signes du zodiaque, Edition⁰1, 1993. OCLC 492058661\nVos étoiles jusqu'en l'an 2001 : la conjoncture mondiale et votre horoscope année par année, Edition⁰1, 1993. ISBN 9782863915417\nLes étoiles de l'Elysée : astro-portraits, Edition⁰1, 1995. ISBN 9782863916629\nSous le signe de Mitterrand, Edition⁰1, 1997. ISBN 9782863918005\nLe passage de tous les dangers : 1999–2004: à l'aube du troisième millénaire, un survol des influx cosmiques pour vous et pour le monde, Laffont, 1999. ISBN 9782221089262\nL'homme d'aujourd'hui et les astres : fascination et rejet, Plon, 2001. ISBN 9782259196185\nVotre horoscope 2009, XO, 2008. ISBN 9782845633872\nwith Gerhard Hynek 2012–2016 : cinq années qui vont changer le monde, XO, 2011. ISBN 9782845635340\nEst-il votre Mars ? Est-elle votre Vénus ? : petit traité ludique de l'amour et de l'amitié, XO, 2013. ISBN 9782845636040", "Biography of André Teissier Du Cros, at Éditions Harmattan.fr.\nThierry Ardisson, interview with Élizabeth Teissier, from Tout le monde en parle on France 2, at 10 November 2001.\nHoogcarspel, Eric; Nienhuys, Jan W. (June 2001). \"ET in the Sorbonne: The creation of a doctor in astrology\". Skepter.\nET in the Sorbonne: The creation of a doctor in astrology on Skepsis.nl, by Eric Hoogcarspel and Jan Willem Nienhuys\nFrom 16 July 1975 to 15 February 1976: Astralement vôtre or Interlude astral, daily broadcast on Antenne 2 (now France 2).\nApril 1976: publication of Ne brûlez pas la sorcière (une défense de l’astrologie) (Do Not Burn the Witch (A Defense of Astrology)), published by J.-J. Pauvert\n1977–2003: Astrology section in the magazine Télé 7 jours\n1978–1979: Au Bonheur des astres, weekly show on Antenne 2\n1979–1980: La Légende des Ciels, weekly show on Antenne 2\n1980–1983: Astro Show: on ARD, ORF and SF in Germany, Austria and Switzerland\nIn 1 February 2003, she began publishing in the weekly TV Mag, published by Figaro group.\nHazareesingh, Sudhir (2015), \"Darkness and Light\", How the French Think, Penguin, pp. 62–63, ISBN 9780141974804\nHenley, Jon (25 June 2000), \"How Mitterrand sought advice from astrologer\", The Observer\nFilmweb.pl – Kim jesteś, Polly Maggoo? (in Polish)\nNotre Cinema article on Qui êtes-vous, Polly Maggoo ?\nFilmweb.pl – Cast page for Kochany łobuz (a.k.a. Tendre Voyou)\nFilmweb.pl – Main page for Kochany łobuz (a.k.a. Tendre Voyou)\nHollywood.com credits list for The Young Wolves\nSwedish Film Database page on alternate titles for Young Wolves, by the Swedish Film Institute\ncinema.encyclopedie.films.bifi.fr page on Faites donc plaisir aux amis (click on the \"Générique artistique\" tab to see her listed)\nBritish Film Institute page on Castle Keep\nBritish Film Institute page on The Blood Rose\nSueurs Froides.fr review of Frustration by Philippe Chouvel\nCinema-francais.fr page on Le rempart des Béguines\nUniverscine.be\nBritish Film Institute page on Roland met de bles\nBritish Film Institute page on L'Événement le plus important depuis que l'homme a marché sur la Lune\nAllocine.fr page on Salut l'artiste\nProgramme-tv.net: L'Incorrigible cast list\nAllocine.fr page on L'Incorrigible\nEteissier.com – biographie.\nCercle Zététique du Languedoc-Roussillon, Résultats du Match Teissier/CZLR sur l'année 2000, 2001.\nEakin, Emily (2 June 2001). \"Star Wars: Is Astrology Sociology?\". New York Times. Retrieved 27 June 2016.\nMariella Madonna: «Elle raconte n'importe quoi» (Mariella Madonna: \"She says anything\") by Fabiano Citroni in Le Matin 14 September 2007; (copy).\nLe Matin, 2 September 2007\n\"Procédure de Soutenance\". Université Paris Decartes: école doctorale – sciences humaines et sociales – cultures, individus, sociétés (in French). Université Paris Decartes. pp. 15–18.\nTeissier, Élizabeth (2001). Situation épistémiologique de l'astrologie à travers l'ambivalence fascination/rejet dans les sociétés postmodernes (Ph.D.). Paris Descartes University.\nJean-Paul Krivine, « Einstein et l’astrologie : une citation fausse qui a la vie dure », pseudo-sciences.org, December 2001.\nGourdin, Caroline (18 August 2001). \"Qui prédira la fin de l'affaire Teissier?\". Le Soir (in French). p. 9. Retrieved 8 October 2016.\nRotmann, Charlotte (9 April 2001). \"Elizabeth Teissier docteur des astres – Polémique universitaire autour de sa thèse de sociologie\". Libération (in French). Retrieved 8 October 2016.\nLahire, Bernard; Cibois, Philippe; Desjeux, Dominique (2001). \"La non thèse de sociologie d'Élizabeth Teissier\". Le magazine de l'homme moderne (in French). Retrieved 8 October 2016.\nWatson, Rod (2004). \"Case Study: Examining a French PhD Thesis in Sociology and Related Disciplines\". In Tinkler, Penny; Jackson, Carolyn (eds.). The Doctoral Examination Process: A Handbook For Students, Examiners And Supervisors. McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780335213054.\nMartin, Olivier (7 August 2006). \"Rappels et Conseils pour la Constitution des Jurys de Thèses et l'Organisation des Soutenances\" (in French). Université Paris Decartes. Retrieved 8 October 2016.\nCf. Christian Baudelot, Roger Establet, La sociologie sous une mauvaise étoile, Le Monde, 18 April 2001; a copy is available from homme-moderne.org.\nC.f., for example Alain Bourdin, La sociologie, l'antithèse de Teissier, Libération, 19 April 2001, and the articles published in the press review by the AFIS: part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4.\nSerge Paugam, La Pratique de la sociologie, Paris, PUF, 2008, p. 117 ; cf. également Gérald Houdeville, Le Métier de sociologue en France depuis 1945. \nFilâtre, Daniel (30 December 2001). \"Affaire Teissier: historique – Présentation par Daniel Filâtre, président de l'Ases (extrait de la Lettre de l'ASES 30 de décembre 2001)\" (in French). ASES archives maintained by Philippe Cibois, former President. Retrieved 8 October 2016.\nDaumard, Pierre (2001). \"\"René-Descartes\" and Élizabeth Teissier\" (in French). ASES archives maintained by Philippe Cibois, former President. Retrieved 9 October 2016.\nAssociation Française pour l'Information Scientifique (25 April 2001). \"COMMUNIQUÉ À LA PRESSE\". Retrieved 6 October 2016.\nBernard Lahire, Philippe Cibois, Dominique Desjeux, Jean Audouze, Henri Broch, Jean-Paul Krivine, Jean-Claude Pecker et Jacques Bouveresse (6 August 2001). \"Analyse de la thèse de Madame Elizabeth Teissier\". Retrieved 6 January 2008.\n« L’astrologue Elizabeth Teissier perd son procès pour modifier Wikipédia », Thierry Noisette, Rue89.com, 21 June 2016.\nAlexis Orsini (21 June 2016). \"L'astrologue Elizabeth Teissier déboutée de sa plainte contre la fondation Wikimedia\". Le Monde.fr. Retrieved 22 June 2016.\n« Wikipédia : Elizabeth Tessier déboutée de sa plainte », Jérôme Ivanichtenko, Europe 1.fr, 22 June 2016.", "Materials on astrology at the website of the AFIS journal Science et pseudo-sciences (in French)\nDoctor Teissier? A collection of materials on the Teissier affair (in French)\nÉlizabeth Teissier at IMDb" ]

[ "Élizabeth Teissier", "Biography", "Early life", "Career", "Filmography", "Television astrology shows", "Astrological predictions", "Cancer prediction claims", "Sociology thesis", "Lawsuit against the Wikimedia Foundation", "Bibliography", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Élmer Mendoza (born 6 December 1949) is a Mexican author. He is one of the key figures in the genre known as narcoliterature. A dramatist and short story writer, he is known above all for his novels, several of which feature the detective Edgar El Zurdo Mendieta.\nÉlmer Mendoza appeared on the Mexican literary scene in 1978, publishing his first short story collection. He followed his literary debut with a prolific career. Between 1978 and 1995 he published five volumes of short stories. Then, in 1999, came his first novel, entitled Un asesino solitario (A Lone Murderer). The book won rave reviews, and the Mexican critic Federico Campbell described Mendoza as “the first narrator reflects correctly the effect drug culture in our country.”\nBeside being a best-selling author, Mendoza is also a professor of literature at the Autonomous University of Sinaloa. He is one of the incumbent members of the Mexican Academy of Language and the National System of Art Creators.", "2002 José Fuentes Mares National Prize for Literature for El amante de Janis Joplin", "\"Élmer Mendoza, el breve\". EL PAÍS. Retrieved 16 October 2015.\n\"Elmer Mendoza\". Tusquets Editores. Retrieved 8 January 2014.\n\"El Fuentes Mares para García Mainou\". eleconomista.com. October 26, 2010. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved April 6, 2015." ]

[ "Élmer Mendoza", "Awards and honors", "References" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Elodie-Bernard.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Bernard is a French writer, adventurer and entrepreneur, born in June 1984 in Troyes.", "", "Élodie Bernard traveled the Andes, the Himalayas, Karakorum, and the Hindu Kush with her father at a very young age, which made her familiar with long-distance adventures. Her parents are dental surgeons, settled in Troyes, in the Aube.\nÉlodie Bernard is a graduate of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris and the Université Panthéon-Sorbonne in international relations and has taken various cross-disciplinary courses, notably in psychoanalysis at the Université Paris-VIII and at the École de guerre économique.\nShe is a member of the Society of French Explorers.", "Like Alexandra David-Néel before her, Élodie Bernard entered Tibet, then closed to foreigners by the Chinese authorities, clandestinely. At the age of only 24, following the unrest in Tibet in March 2008, she boarded buses and trucks and travelled through Tibet, from Amdo to Kham to Lhasa, alone and without permission, during the Beijing Olympics. Despite the terror in Tibet, she met Tibetans and Chinese who confided in her and invited her to their homes. She was eventually spotted by agents of the Public Security Bureau and deported to Beijing.\nAt the end of her clandestine stay in Lhasa, she published Le vol du peon mène à Lhassa (The Flight of the Peacock Leads to Lhasa), her first travel story, gathering testimonies and her experience in Tibet. For television journalist Philippe Lefait, the essence of this adventure is \"in the chance and poetry of the encounters, the smell of butter that accompanies the tea, the fear of controls, the courage of those who testify, the mystery of the spirituality of a people, the commitment and resistance of the nuns and monks.\"\nIn November 2010, her book, Le vol du peon mène à Lhassa, was awarded the Golden Fleece Prize for the book of lived adventure by the Book Jury, chaired by the writer Sylvain Tesson. Tesson spoke of the book as an \"open window on the world.\"\nShe regularly gives her testimony on the situation in Tibet. She is the author of several articles on Tibet, one of which, published by Mediapart, is co-signed by the ecologists Eva Joly and Jean-Marc Brûlé.\nHer experience in Tibet is included in the book Femmes d'Exception by Célyne Baÿt-Darcourt, published by France Info and Tallandier.", "Since 2006, Élodie has been collaborating with La Revue de Téhéran, Iran's leading French-language cultural magazine, after having worked in Tehran during the year. She has been a regular visitor to Iran since 2005.\nIn the winter of 2010–2011, Elodie moved between France and the Middle East to set up her competitive intelligence consulting company, Networld-Risk. She regularly publishes newsletters on Iran and the Middle East, as well as geopolitical analyses.", "", "Travel stories\n2010 : Le Vol du paon mène à Lhassa, Gallimard ISBN 978-2-07-012495-4\nCollective works\n2012 : L'Almanach des voyageurs, \"La fin d'un monde. Lettre à Mawlânâ Rûmî\", sous la direction de Jean-Claude Perrier, Magellan & Cie ISBN 978-2-35074-241-0\n2013 : L'Almanach des voyageurs, \"Babel, une tour au milieu des ruines\", sous la direction de Jean-Claude Perrier, Magellan & Cie ISBN 978-2-35074-264-9", "Geopolitical press articles\n\"Damskaïa, une vodka russe version féminine\", Regard sur l'Est, 1 July 2008\n\"Au Tibet, l'ordre et l'indifférence règnent,\" written pseudonymously, Le Monde, 14 August 2008\n\"Un moine tibétain : au village, on n'ose plus me regarder\", written pseudonymously, Nouvel Obs, 15 March 2009\n\"Le Tibet, un combat profondément écologiste\", co-author, Mediapart, 9 March 2012\n\"Le Tibet indigné\", Yahoo pour elles, 12 March 2012\n\"Le rêve de Tawakkol Karman\", Muze, January / February / March 2012\n\"Sous le niqab, un regard\", Muze, January / February / March 2012\n\"Entretien avec la photographe yéménite Boushra Almutawakel\", Muze, January / February / March 2012\n\"La langue persane au commencement des routes de la Soie\", La Revue de Téhéran, February 2013\n\"Perses et Chinois au temps de l'Empire mongol\", La Revue de Téhéran, February 2014\n\"La Géorgie et les Géorgiens iraniens à l'époque safavide\", La Revue de Téhéran, July 2014\n\"Négocier en Iran, c'est négocier dans le temps : l'art de la diplomatie iranienne,\" Les Echos, 8 July 2015\n\"L'Iran : une puissance réhabilitée\", Le Figaro, 17 July 2015\n\"Négociations avec les Iraniens, mode d'emploi\", France TV Info, 23 July 2015\n\"Par delà les plus hautes frontières du monde, au Tibet\", Libération, 10 March 2017\n\"Cet été, osez le risque mais soyez vigilant,\" TV5 Monde, 8 July 2017\nScientific articles\n\"Prix bas du pétrole : l'\"OPEP+\" dans la tourmente\", chapitre Iran, Etudes de l'IFRI, juin 2018", "Entretien avec Gilles Fumey, Revue La GéoGraphie No. 1545, April–May-June 2012\nPortrait dans L'Est-Eclair, \"Une histoire de famille\", 11 février 2017\n\"Sociétaires actuels – Société des Explorateurs Français\" (in French). Retrieved 2020-02-24.\nChapitres 2 et 3, Le vol du paon mène à Lhassa, Elodie Bernard. Gallimard, Paris, 2010.\nInterview d’Élodie Bernard par Monique Atlan sur France 2, \"Dans quelle étagère\", 4 June 2010\nJean-Paul Ribes, \"Le vol du paon mène à Lhassa\", Élodie Bernard, 11 May 2010\n\"Le vol du paon mène à Lhassa\" Élodie Bernard, Gallimard, 10 May 2010 - Les chroniques de Philippe Lefait dans Le Magazine littéraire\nLe vol du paon mène à Lhassa, par Élodie Bernard, Trek Magazine, 29 November 2010\nDialogue avec Olivier Germain-Thomas Elodie Bernard, For intérieur, France Culture, 11 June 2010\n3ème Salon de la Culture Tibétaine, 30 avril - 1er mai 2011, Paris, 30 March 2011, Comité de soutien au peuple tibétain\nBernard, Élodie (9 March 2012). \"Le Tibet, un combat profondément écologiste\". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 18 April 2019.\nBernard, Élodie (12 March 2012). \"Le Tibet indigné\". Yahoo Pour elles. Retrieved 18 April 2019.\nEntretien pour Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière, Magazine Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière No. 79 juillet-août-septembre 2015\n\"Prix bas du pétrole : l'\" OPEP+ \" dans la tourmente\". www.ifri.org (in French). Retrieved 2019-04-01.\n\"Damskaïa, une vodka russe version féminine\". REGARD SUR L'EST (in French). 2008-07-01. Retrieved 2020-01-22.\nElodie Bernard, \"Au Tibet, l'ordre et l'indifférence règnent\", Le Monde, 14 August 2008\nElodie Bernard, \"Un moine tibétain : au village, on n'ose plus me regarder\", Nouvel Obs, 15 March 2009\nElodie Bernard (9 March 2012). \"Le Tibet, un combat profondément écologiste\". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 18 April 2019..\nÉlodie Bernard (12 March 2012). \"Le Tibet indigné\". Yahoo Pour elles. Retrieved 18 April 2019..\nElodie Bernard, \"La langue persane au commencement des routes de la Soie\", La Revue de Téhéran, February 2013\nElodie Bernard, \"Perses et Chinois au temps de l'Empire mongol\", La Revue de Téhéran, February 2014\nElodie Bernard \"La Géorgie et les Géorgiens iraniens à l'époque safavide\", La Revue de Téhéran, July 2014\nElodie Bernard \"Négocier en Iran, c'est négocier dans le temps : l'art de la diplomatie iranienne\", Les Echos, 8 July 2015\nElodie Bernard \"L'Iran : une puissance réhabilitée\", Le Figaro, 17 July 2015\nElodie Bernard \"Négociations avec les Iraniens, mode d'emploi\", France TV Info, 23 July 2015\nElodie Bernard \"Par delà les plus hautes frontières du monde, au Tibet\", Libération, 10 March 2017\nElodie Bernard \"Cet été, osez le risque mais soyez vigilant\", TV5 Monde, 8 July 2017", "Gallimard, collection Le Sentiment géographique\nOfficial website of Networld-Risk" ]

[ "Élodie Bernard", "Biography", "Family and training", "Adventure in Tibet", "Middle East", "Publications", "Books", "Articles", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Bouchez at the 2018 Cabourg Film Festival", "Bouchez at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival." ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Elodie_Bouchez_Cabourg_2018.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Elodie_Bouchez_Cannes.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Bouchez-Bangalter (born 5 April 1973) is a French actress. She became internationally known for her role as Renée Rienne on the fifth and final season of the television show Alias and for playing Maïté Alvarez in the film Wild Reeds.", "Bouchez was born in Montreuil-sous-Bois, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. She is best known for her César Award's Most Promising Actress winning film Wild Reeds (1994) by André Téchiné, and the Best Actress Award for the film La Vie rêvée des anges at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. She also won the Best Actress award for Poetical Refugee (original French title La faute à Voltaire) at the Cologne Mediterranean Film Festival-2001.\nIn the fall of 2005, she joined the cast of the American TV series Alias for its fifth and final season. She played Renée Rienne, an assassin who works unofficially for a black ops division of the CIA. Although considered a main cast member, she only appeared in select episodes, her character acting as something of a \"secret weapon\". Bouchez has also guest starred on Showtime's lesbian drama series The L Word, where she portrays Claude, a French writer who meets Jenny on a trip to Canada.", "Bouchez is married to Thomas Bangalter of the former electronic music duo Daft Punk. The couple have two sons.", "", "\"Festival de Cannes: The Dreamlife of Angels\". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 1 October 2009.\nHelman, Peter (18 May 2017). \"Daft Punk's Thomas Bangalter Appears at Cannes With His Naked Face\". SPIN. Retrieved 8 April 2018.", "Élodie Bouchez at IMDb\nFrench site" ]

[ "Élodie Bouchez", "Early life and career", "Personal life", "Filmography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4450, 4451 ]

[ 20826, 20827, 20828, 20829 ]

[ "Élodie Fontan at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Elodie_Fontan_Cannes_2014.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Fontan ([elɔdi fɔ̃tɑ̃]; born 9 July 1987) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than fifteen television and film productions since 1996.", "Élodie Fontan started very young in French commercials for Nissan, Quick and Euro Disney.\nShe gained notoriety in 2009 by playing Alyzée, Clem's best friend, in the Clem series, broadcast on TF1.\nIn 2014, she joined the cast of the comedy Serial (Bad) Weddings alongside Chantal Lauby and Christian Clavier.\nShe is part of La Bande à Fifi, a French comedy troupe bringing together Philippe Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali, Reem Kherici and Julien Arruti.\nShe joined in 2018 the group of Les Enfoirés.\nSince 2016, she has been in a relationship with Philippe Lacheau.", "", "", "", "\"Photos : Clem : 5 choses à savoir sur Alyzée alias Elodie Fontan !\". Public. Retrieved 9 June 2014.\n\"Elodie Fontan : de la fille d'Hilguegue dans Les Musclés à Qu'est-ce qu'on a fait au bon dieu ?\" (in French). Télé Loisirs. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2018.\nDamien Mercereau (12 January 2018). \"Philippe Lacheau, Tarek Boudali et Elodie Fontan rejoignent les Enfoirés\" (in French). Le Figaro. Retrieved 16 June 2018.\nMarie Piat (13 November 2016). \"Philippe Lacheau et Elodie Fontan : les deux stars de Babysitting sont en couple !\" (in French). PureBreak. Retrieved 16 June 2018.", "Élodie Fontan at IMDb" ]

[ "Élodie Fontan", "Life and career", "Filmography", "Feature films", "Television", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4452 ]

[ 20830, 20831, 20832 ]

[ "Frégé at the 40th César Awards ceremony, 2015" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Elodie_Fr%C3%A9g%C3%A9_C%C3%A9sars_2015.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Frégé is a French singer and actress. She was the winner of the third season of Star Academy France. She released her self-titled début album after winning the show.", "Frégé auditioned for Star Academy Season 3 and won the title in 2004.\nFrom 2014 to 2015, she was a judge on the 11th season of the reality singing competition show Nouvelle Star.", "", "", "", "", "\"Élodie Frégé discography\". lescharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 14 June 2014.\n\"Élodie Frégé discography\". ultratop.be/fr/. Hung Medien. Retrieved 14 June 2014.\n\"Élodie Frégé discography\". hitparade.ch. Hung Medien. Retrieved 14 June 2014.", "Élodie Frégé at IMDb\nOfficial website" ]

[ "Élodie Frégé", "Career", "Discography", "Albums", "Singles", "Filmography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4453 ]

[ 20833 ]

[ "Frenck in 2015." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/%C3%89lodie_Frenck_-_Monte-Carlo_Television_Festival.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Frenck is a Peruvian-Swiss-French actress, born 31 July 1974 in Lausanne, Switzerland. She is known for playing the character of Marlène Leroy in the French TV series Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie.", "Élodie Frenck was born in 1974 in Lausanne, the daughter of Nahum Frenck, a Peruvian pediatrician and family therapist emeritus, and Sylviane Roche, French, who also gave birth to her brother Emmanuel. Her parents, who divorced when she was 2 years old, received shared custody — a first in 1985, reported in the TV show Tell Quel aired by TSR.\nFrenck obtained her baccalauréat in 1993. She studied drama at the Belle de Mai, then at the Cours Florent from 1994 to 1997. She took part in a Swiss improvisation league from 1989 to 1997.\nShe made herself known on television and was gradually offered theatre and film roles. On 16 September 2013 she won the Prix jeune espoir féminin (Aspiring Young Female) at the Festival de la Rochelle for her portrayal of Marlène in the France 2 show Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie.\nShe was in Thailand when the tsunami of 2004 struck, making her a survivor of the event.\nOn 16 September 2011, she gave birth to her son Abel. In December 2016, she announced that she was expecting another child, giving birth to her second son Esteban Abraham in March 2017. Her second son is the third son of her husband Hervé Ruet.", "", "", "1993: Louis, enfant roi by Roger Planchon: The large-footed maid\n1994: Mourir d'amour by Pascal Goethals\n1998: Lautrec de Roger Planchon: M'dame Fourre-Tout / P'tite Pomme\n1998: Les Infortunes de la beauté by John Lvoff\n2000: Cours toujours by Dante Desarthe: The buffet girl\n2000: Red Shoe Diaries 18: The Game: Johnny's girlfriend (vidéo)\n2001: Mademoiselle de Philippe Lioret: The wife\n2001: Confession d'un dragueur by Alain Soral: Hélène\n2001: Wasabi by Gérard Krawczyk: Banque de la Trinité secretary\n2001: Les Morsures de l'aube by Antoine de Caunes\n2002: La Maîtresse en maillot de bain de Lyèce Boukhitine: The sexy waitress\n2002: Fleurs de sang by Alain Tanner et Myriam Mézières: Tunde\n2002: Possession by Neil LaBute: Sabine\n2003: Rien que du bonheur by Denis Parent: Mélanie, one of Désiré's groupies\n2003: France Boutique by Tonie Marshall: The receptionist\n2005: Tu vas rire, mais je te quitte by Philippe Harel: Nathalie\n2005: Ma vie en l'air by Rémi Bezançon: Céline\n2007: Hellphone by James Huth: Vanessa\n2008: Comme les autres by Vincent Garenq: A lesbian\n2009: Rose et Noir by Gérard Jugnot: Philipotte\n2010: L'Arnacœur by Pascal Chaumeil: Karine\n2012: Les Papas du dimanche by Louis Becker: Isabelle\n2016: Deux au carré by Philippe Dajoux: Annabelle", "1998: La Vieille Barrière by Lyèce Boukhitine: A student\n1998: Casting: ça va pas du tout ! by Lyèce Boukhitine\n2001: Backstage by Camille Vidal Naquet: Mary\n2001: Bordel de muses by Thomas Ruat\n2001: Négrita Maud by Olivier Jean\n2004: The Venus project by Olivier Jean: Vénus\n2005: La Course by Gaëlle Baron\n2006: Feedback by David Sarrio: Frank's wife\n2017: Jusqu'à écoulement des stocks by Pierre Dugowson", "", "1992: Chien et Chat: Marie-France (1 episode)\n1994: Red Shoe Diaries: Adriana (episode 3.04)\n1995: Highlander: Arianna (episode 3.15)\n2000: Police District: Claire (season 1)\n2001: PJ: Brigitte Monceau (episode 5.12)\n2001: Avocats et Associés: Marianne Devielle (episode 4.05)\n2002: Crimes en série: Valérie (episode 1.08)\n2002: La Vie devant nous (1 episode)\n2002: Largo Winch (1 episode)\n2005: Faites comme chez vous !: Elsa Meyer (19 episodes)\n2005: Navarro: Marie Lecourbe (episode 17.04)\n2005: Vénus et Apollon (episode 1.15)\n2005: Joséphine, ange gardien (episode La couleur de l'amour): Élodie, the waitress (episode 10.01)\n2006: Alice Nevers, le juge est une femme: Anne Berger (episode 2.13)\n2007: Suspectes (miniseries): Juliette Valle\n2007: Guerre et Paix (miniseries): Lise\n2008: Duval et Moretti: Dominique Legrand (episode 1.19)\n2009: Avocats et Associés: Meryelle Lovy (episode 17.06)\n2009: Femmes de loi: Lili, joueuse de poker (episode 9.08)\n2009: Nous ne sommes pas des saints: Marie-Madeleine (3 episodes)\n2010: Enquêtes réservées: Gendron (7 episodes)\n2010: Les Semaines de Lucide: Lucide\n2011: La Pire Semaine de ma vie (miniseries): Mélanie\n2011: T'es pas la seule !: Arielle (20 episodes)\n2013-present: Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie: Marlène Leroy\n2014: Fais pas ci, fais pas ça: Marie Herenberg (saison 7, episode 6)\n2018: Capitaine Marleau, episode Les Roseaux noirs de Josée Dayan: Christine Delfino", "2000: La Femme by mon mari by Charlotte Brandström: Agathe\n2002: Notes sur le rire by Daniel Losset: Estelle Tardieu\n2003: Une amie en or by Éric Woreth: Émilie\n2004: Le fond by l'air est frais by Laurent Carcélès: Sophie\n2008: Le secret du monde englouti by Jean by Segonzac: Cara\n2011: Bienvenue à Bouchon by Luc Béraud: Mademoiselle Odile\n2012: Mange by Virgile Bramly and Julia Ducournau: Shirley\n2013: Les Complices by Christian Vincent: Clothilde\n2014: Vogue la vie by Claire by la Rochefoucauld\n2015: La Clinique du Docteur H by Olivier Barma: Cathy\n2018: Le Pont du Diable by Sylvie Ayme: Marina Fazergues", "1996: The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare, staged by Pascal Goethals at the Nouveau Théâtre populaire des Flandres\n1996: Arlequin poli par l'amour by Marivaux, staged by Cédric Prevost\n2005: Comme par hasard by Élodie Frenck, Magali Giraudo et Vincent Lecoq, staged by Kên Higelin at Ciné 13 Théâtre\n2006: Jour de neige by Elsa Valensi, staged by Philippe Lellouche at the Palais des glaces", "", "Festival de la fiction TV de La Rochelle 2013: Prix jeune espoir féminin (Aspiring Young Female) for Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie", "Gala\nPremière\nTélérama, Hélène Rochette, Elodie Frenck, désopilante Marlène dans “Les Petits Meurtres d’Agatha Christie”, 25/09/2014\n\"Elodie Frenck (Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie): qui est son compagnon Hervé Ruet ?\". Gala (in French). 2018-09-21.", "Élodie Frenck at IMDb\nEntretien avec Élodie Frenck sur 20 minutes" ]

[ "Élodie Frenck", "Biography", "Filmography", "Cinema", "Feature films", "Short films", "Television", "TV series", "TV movies", "Theatre", "Distinctions and awards", "Awards", "Notes and references", "External links" ]

[ 4454 ]

[ 20834, 20835, 20836, 20837, 20838, 20839, 20840, 20841 ]

[ "", "" ]

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[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/20150502_Lattes-Montpellier_vs_Bourges_036.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" ]

[ "Élodie Godin (born 5 July 1985, in Cherbourg) is a French basketball center currently playing for Famila Basket Schio in Italy's Serie A and the Euroleague. She was a member of the French national team, winning the 2009 Eurobasket and a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics and playing the 2006 and 2010 World Championships.", "Bourges (2003–06), Valenciennes Olympic (2006–07)\n USK Prague (2007–08)\n Cras Taranto (2008-2012)\n Famila Basket Schio (2012-)", "Profile in FIBA Europe's website\nProfile in FIBA's website for the 2010 World Championship.\nEvans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. \"Elodie Godin\". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2015-11-25.", "Élodie Godin at the International Olympic Committee\nÉlodie Godin at Olympics.com\nÉlodie Godin at the Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français (in French)" ]

[ "Élodie Godin", "Club career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4455 ]

[ 20842, 20843 ]

[ "Élodie Gossuin at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival", "Élodie Gossuin wearing her Miss France and Miss Europe sashes.", "ROLEX JESC 2021" ]

[ 0, 2, 7 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Elodie_Gossuin_Cannes.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Elodie_Gossuin_Miss_Europe.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/JESC_2021_hosts.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Gossuin (born 15 December 1980) is a French beauty pageant titleholder, model, radio and television presenter, columnist and regional politician. She was elected Miss Picardy 2000, Miss France 2001 (she is the 72nd Miss France), and Miss Europe 2001. She was the French voting spokesperson in the Eurovision Song Contest from 2016 to 2018 and again in 2022. She also co-hosted the Junior Eurovision 2021 held in Paris.", "Élodie Gossuin was born in Reims in the department of Marne to Lysiane Triquet and Yves Gossuin, she has a sister and she was raised in Trosly-Breuil in the region of Picardy, a village about 10 kilometers east of the city of Compiègne in the department of Oise. In her teens, she won several local beauty contests.\nWhile training to be a nurse, she obtained her final high school exam in the science field with the biology option. She then studied at the Faculté de Médecine of Amiens and then studied in a nursing school.", "She won the Miss Picardy beauty contest in November 2000, which qualified her to compete for the Miss France 2001 title in Monaco on 9 December 2000, broadcast directly on TF1 with an audience of 14 million viewers. She won that contest and as a result received considerable press coverage.\nHer Miss France runners-up were:\n1st runner-up: Stéphanie Faby (Miss Corsica)\n2nd runner-up: Marine Clouet (Miss Poitou)\n3rd runner-up: Nawal Benhlal (Miss Lyons)\n4th runner-up: Élise Duboquet (Miss Flanders)\n5th runner-up: Carine Bedoya (Miss Midi-Pyrénées)\n6th runner-up: Estelle Rouquette (Miss Cévennes)\nFor one year, Gossuin travelled in France with Geneviève de Fontenay, president of the Miss France committee. She was ranked in the Top 10 at the Miss Universe 2001 contest in San Juan, Puerto Rico. She then won the Miss Europe 2001 contest in Beirut, Lebanon, and then began working as a model and making publicity appearances.\nHer Miss Europe runners-up were:\n1st runner-up: Adriana Gerczew (Poland)\n2nd runner-up: Karla Milinović (Croatia)\n3rd runner-up: Hatice Şendil (Turkey)\n4th runner-up: Verónica Martín (Spain)\nIn 2003, she became the spokesmodel for the brand Lucie Saint-Clair, an international hairdresser. That same year, her fan club and her official website were created.\nSince September 2010, she has been the representative in Europe of Royal Extension, a brand of hair extensions.", "In 2003, Gossuin embarked on a political career. She was elected in Oise on the list of UDF-UMP party led by Gilles de Robien, and became a Regional Councillor in her native Picardy region on 28 March 2004. Her work and attendance at the Regional Council earned her the recognition of her political opponents.\nStanding at seventh position in the list of the presidential majority led by Caroline Cayeux during the regional elections of 2010, she temporarily lost her mandate for a few months, but returned to the Regional Council after the resignation of Édouard Courtial on 14 October 2010.", "Since 2005 Gossuin has presented seasons of the program Miss Swan on TF6. In 2006, she became a columnist for the magazine Public and the program Morning café on M6. In March 2007, she joined the channel Direct 8 and became a contributor to the program Un Max de services. from April 2004 until October 2011 she was part of the team of contributors to the program Touche pas à mon poste ! presented by Cyril Hanouna on France 4.\nOn 5 December 2010 Gossuin and Jacky presented the Miss Nationale 2011 contest, a new initiative created by Geneviève de Fontenay. The program was also broadcast on channel BFM TV.\nIn 2011, she co-hosted with Énora Malagré the program Ça va mieux en le disant on France 4. Since October 2012, she presents on the same channel Un coach pour changer ma vie, a controversial program about therapeutic efficacy. In 2012, she was a contributor to the program Faut pas rater ça ! still on the same channel.\nOn 29 April 2016, she was announced to be France's spokesperson for the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. Her off-key interpretation of part of the French entry that year went viral on social media and became the subject of numerous video mash-ups and memes. She returned as France's spokesperson for the Eurovision Song Contest 2017, and presented the French points again in 2018.\nIn 2021, she was a member of the jury to help select France's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2021. Gossuin was selected to act as co-presenter of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Paris alongside Fort Boyard host Olivier Minne and former Junior Eurovision participant Carla Lazzari.\nIn 2022, she became the French spokesperson once again and will present the votes of the French jury in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022.", "In March 2011, she joined the morning team of the radio program Manu à la radio ! on NRJ co-hosted by Virginie de Clausade and replaced her during her maternity leave. Gossuin also co-hosted from August 2011 to June 2012 the program Manu dans le 6/9! on the same radio station.", "Gossuin has regularly participated at the game show Mot de passe hosted by Patrick Sabatier on France 2. She participated at the first season of La Ferme Célébrités in 2004 where she was ranked third, staying ten weeks and earning €150,000 for her association. She participated ten times at Fort Boyard, in 2001, 2003, 2008 (with her husband), 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2019 and 2021, to raise funds for associations.\nShe also participated in the program Incroyables Expériences broadcast on 27 February 2010 on France 2. She participated on 17 December 2011 at a prime time of the program N'oubliez pas les paroles hosted by Nagui on the same channel. With Gérard Lenorman, she earned €50,000 for the association \"Vaincre la musoviscidose\". She participated at Qui veut gagner des millions ? (French version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?) in August 2012 on TF1. In 2013, she regularly participates in the game show Tout le monde aime la France hosted by Sandrine Quétier on the same channel.", "Élodie Gossuin married the model Bertrand Lacherie on 1 July 2006 in Compiègne. She added his family name attached to hers (Gossuin-Lacherie).\nShe gave birth on 21 December 2007 to twins, a boy and a girl named Jules and Rose. She announced on 29 May 2013 on her Twitter account that she was expecting her third child, but then announced on 23 July that she was again expecting twins.\nShe gave birth on 11 October 2013 to her second set of twins, a girl and a boy named Joséphine and Léonard.\n\nPhotos", "Élodie Gossuin, Mes rêves, mes passions, mes espoirs, Éditions Michel Lafon, 2004. ISBN 978-2749901145", "\"Élodie Gossuin – Ambassadrice Royal Extension\" (in French). Royal Extension website.\n\"Miss et élue, Élodie Gossuin fait désormais l'unanimité\". Le Figaro (in French). 17 February 2010.\n\"Picardie: E. Courtial part, E. Gossuin revient\" (in French). France 3. 14 October 2010.\n\"Biographie Élodie Gossuin\" (in French). Purepeople.com.\n\"Touche pas à mon poste\" (in French). France 4.\n\"Miss Nationale 2011: les sept finalistes désignés par le public sur internet\". Le Point (in French). 30 November 2010.\n\"Eurovision 2016: Elodie Gossuin dévoilera les points de la France\" [Eurovision 2016: Elodie Gossuin unveil parts of France]. jeanmarcmorandini.com (in French). 29 April 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.\n\"Bim Bam... Trois! Junior Eurovision hosts revealed\". junioreurovision.tv. 17 November 2021.\nLee Adams, William (17 November 2021). \"Junior Eurovision 2021 hosts: Carla, Élodie Gossuin and Olivier Minne\". Wiwibloggs.\n\"Nikos confirme Élodie Gossuin sur NRJ\". Le Figaro (in French). 17 June 2010.\n\"Vive les mariés !\" (in French). Voila.fr.\n\"Biographie d'Élodie Gossuin\" (in French). Plurielles.fr.\n\"Élodie Gossuin: Elle attend son troisième enfant !\" (in French). aufeminin.com.", "Media related to Élodie Gossuin at Wikimedia Commons\nÉlodie Gossuin's website (in French)" ]

[ "Élodie Gossuin", "Early life and education", "Miss France and Miss Europe", "Politics", "Television presenter", "Radio presenter", "Television contestant", "Personal life", "Books", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4456, 4457 ]

[ 20844, 20845, 20846, 20847, 20848, 20849, 20850, 20851, 20852, 20853, 20854, 20855, 20856, 20857, 20858, 20859, 20860, 20861, 20862 ]

[ "Guégan at the 2009 World Championships", "" ]

[ 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/%C3%89lodie_Gu%C3%A9gan_2009.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" ]

[ "Élodie Guégan (born 19 December 1985 in Ploemeur, Morbihan) is a French middle distance runner, who specialized in the 800 metres. She won two medals, silver and bronze, for the 800 metres at the 2005 European Athletics U23 Championships in Erfurt, Germany, and at the 2007 European Athletics U23 Championships in Debrecen, Hungary. She also set a personal best time of 1:58.93 by finishing fifth at the 2008 ÅF Golden League in Saint-Denis, Paris.\nGuegan made her official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in the women's 800 metres. She ran in the third heat of the event, against six other athletes, including Kenya's Pamela Jelimo, who eventually became an Olympic champion in the final. She came only in third place by nine hundredths of a second (0.09) behind Jamaica's Kenia Sinclair, with a time of 2:03.85. Guegan advanced into the next round of the competition, as she secured the final mandatory qualifying slot in the third heat. Guegan, however, fell short in her bid for the final, as she did not finish the race in the third heat of the semifinal rounds.\nShe won the French National 800m championships in 2007 and the French National\nIndoors 800m championship also in 2007.", "Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. \"Élodie Guégan\". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2012.\nGordon, Ed (18 July 2005). \"Klüft, Bába win golds – European U23 Champs, Last Day\". IAAF. Retrieved 26 December 2012.\n\"14 finals decided on thrilling afternoon of athletics on Day Three in Debrecen\". European Athletics. Retrieved 26 December 2012.\nTurner, Chris (18 July 2008). \"Jelimo 1:54.97; Robles 12.88; Wariner 43.86 in Paris - ÅF Golden League, Paris\". IAAF. Retrieved 26 December 2012.\n\"Women's 800m Round 1 – Heat 3\". NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2012.\n\"Women's 800m Semifinal 3\". NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2012.", "Élodie Guégan at World Athletics\nProfile – French Olympic Committee (in French)\nÉlodie Guégan at the Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français (in French)\nNBC 2008 Olympics profile" ]

[ "Élodie Guégan", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4458 ]

[ 20863, 20864, 20865 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Elodie_Jacquier-Laforge_.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Jacquier-Laforge (born 15 April 1978) is a French politician representing the Democratic Movement. She was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Isère.\nFrom 2004 until 2016, Jacquier-Laforge served as the parliamentary assistant to Jacqueline Gourault.\nIn parliament, Jacquier-Laforge serves as member of the Committee on Legal Affairs.", "\"Isère - 9e circonscription : Résultats des législatives\".\nÉlodie Jacquier-Laforge French National Assembly." ]

[ "Élodie Jacquier-Laforge", "References" ]

[ 4459 ]

[ 20866 ]

[ "", "Larmor-Plage (1879)" ]

[ 0, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Elodie_La_Villette.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Elodie_La_Villette%2C_Larmor-Plage_1879.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie La Villette, born Elodie Jacquier (April 12, 1848 Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin) – 1917 Saint-Pierre-Quiberon), was a French painter. She is said to be one of the few women to have an artistic career when many routes were denied to her.", "Elodie/Ella was born in 1848 to an army doctor and his wife. They moved frequently and her younger sister, Caroline, was born four years later.\nDuring the 1860s, the two sisters, Ella and Caroline Jacquier, took drawing classes with the painter Ernest Coroller in the Lycée Dupuy-de-Lôme. This influenced both their careers, since they both became painters, known under the respective names of Elodie La Villette and Caroline Espinet (1844-1912). Her sister was to study with Hippolyte Lazerges. Ella married in 1860 and her sister in 1868 and they painted together. This was not a mere hobby as they did exhibit. She had a painting accepted by the Salon in 1870 and she was awarded a third class medal in 1875. The following year her painting \"La grève de Lohic et de l'île de la Souris près de Lorient\" was bought by Musée d'Orsay. Her painting won a bronze medal at the Universal Exhibition of 1889.\nLa Villette exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts and The Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.\nÉlodie La Villette, who received the advice of Jean-Baptiste Corot in 1874, carries off \"marine art\" sensitive to light effects which are reminiscent of both Courbet's realism and the virtuosity of Boudin\".", "In 1991, she was the artist of honor of the fair organized by the Lorient Society of Fine Arts, and had a retrospective tribute in 2007.\nIn 2014, the Museum of Fine Arts Morlaix devoted its summer exhibition to the two painters sisters, Elodie La Villette and Caroline Espinet.", "Marine, Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Strasbourg\nLa falaise d'Hyport, Musée des beaux-arts de Lille\nMarine, temps gris, Musée du Vieux-Château (Laval)\nMarée montante à Larmor, dessin, Département des Arts graphiques du Louvre\nVue du quai Fleurquin à Douai, Musée de la Chartreuse de Douai\nChemin de Bas-fort-Blanc, Musée de Morlaix\nLa grève de Lohic et de l'île de la Souris près de Lorient, Musée d'Orsay\nBateau échoué sur une plage de Larmor (1877)\nVillage de Larmor (1878)\nLarmor-Plage (1879)\nRamassage du goémon sur le rivage\nMarée basse, Dieppe (1885)\nMarée basse à Portivy", "François Lotz, « Louise Madeleine Élodie La Villette », in Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne, vol. 23, p. 2257\nMarie-Madeleine Martinie (2008), Elodie La Villette, Caroline Espinet: deux soeurs peintres, Hengoun, ISBN 978-2-916976-02-0", "Denise Delouche, Elodie La Villette & Caroline Espinet, sisters and painters, 2014, lespetitsmaitres, Retrieved August 2016\n« Deux sœurs peintres : Élodie La Villette, Caroline Espinet » de M. Martinie, paru en octobre 2008, Collection : L'art du temps.\nNichols, K. L. \"Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893\". Retrieved 26 July 2018.\nMarie-Paule Piriou, Femmes artistes en Bretagne 1850-1950, revue ArMen, n°195, July–August 2013.\n\"Un été avec Elodie La Villette et Caroline Espinet\". lecourrier-leprogres.fr (in French). 2014-08-22. Retrieved August 21, 2016.\n\"La grève de Lohic et l'île des Souris, près de Lorient. La mer étale\". Retrieved 20 August 2016.\n\"seaweed\". materialbrittany.blogspot.ca. July 24, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2016.", "Clara Erskine Clement Waters, Women in the Fine Arts, 1904, p. 206\nDictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs de tous les temps et de tous les pays, vol. 8, pp. 13 440, ISBN 978-2-70003010-5, Bénézit\n\"accueil general\". SiteSLBA." ]

[ "Élodie La Villette", "Life", "Exhibitions", "Works", "Bibliography", "References", "Sources" ]

[ 4460, 4461 ]

[ 20867, 20868, 20869, 20870, 20871, 20872, 20873, 20874 ]

[ "Élodie Navarre (2011)" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Elodie_Navarre_Actrice.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Navarre (born 21 January 1979) is a French actress. Navarre was discovered at 16 when she was spotted on the Paris metro by a casting director and, a year later, appeared in the television film Clara et le Juge. She studied at the Conservatoire d’art dramatique in the 10th arrondissement of Paris and, aged 20, began her professional career as an actor, appearing at the Théâtre de la Criée in Marseille. When she was 22, Navarre suffered multiple fractures after being hit by a car while on holiday in Greece, taking a year to recover. She has since appeared in theatre, film and television.", "Crime Scenes (2000)\nLove Me If You Dare (2003)\nGrande École (2004)\nEmpire of the Wolves (2005)\nConversations with My Gardener (2007)\nThe Art of Love (2011)\nLa Mante (2017) Netflix Original Series\n1996 : Love, etc. de Marion Vernoux\n1997 : Tangier Cop de Stephen Whittaker : Élise\n1999 : Mes amis de Michel Hazanavicius : Isabelle\n2000 : Scènes de crimes de Frédéric Schoendoerffer : Marie Bourgoin\n2000 : Le Prof d'Alexandre Jardin : Pauline\n2001 : Fatou la Malienne de Daniel Vigne : Gaelle\n2002 : À la folie... pas du tout de Lætitia Colombani : Anita\n2003 : Gomez et Tavarès de Gilles Paquet-Brenner : Paulina\n2003 : Jeux d'enfants de Yann Samuell : Aurélie Miller\n2004 : Grande école de Robert Salis : Émeline\n2005 : Le Souffleur de Guillaume Pixie : Mélanie\n2005 : Avant qu'il ne soit trop tard de Laurent Dussaux : Solange\n2005 : L'empire des loups de Chris Nahon : la fliquette\n2005 : Cavalcade de Steve Suissa : Blandine\n2005 : Lettres de la mer Rouge de Emmanuel Caussé et Éric Martin : Armgart\n2006 : L'École pour tous d'Éric Rochant : Pivoine\n2007 : Dialogue avec mon jardinier de Jean Becker : Carole\n2007 : Danse avec lui de Valérie Guignabodet : Lucie\n2007 : Jean de la Fontaine, le défi de Daniel Vigne : La Duchesse de Bouillon\n2009 : No Pasaran de Emmanuel Caussé et Éric Martin : Scarlett\n2009 : Une affaire d'État d'Éric Valette : Katryn\n2010 : Les Aventures de Philibert, capitaine puceau de Sylvain Fusée : Inès, comtesse de Bazougues de la Tour en Pendois\n2011 : L'Art d'aimer d'Emmanuel Mouret : Vanessa\n2013 : Opium d'Arielle Dombasle : la gitane\n2016 : Paris Can Wait d'Eleanor Coppola : Carole\n'Télévision'\n'Séries télévisées'\n1998 : Les Marmottes : Lola\n1999 : Avocats et Associés : Aurélie Cordère\n2000 : Louis Page : Isabelle\n2006 : Sable Noir : Julia\n2007 : Reporters : Sophie Kosinski\n2007 : Le Clan Pasquier : Cécile Pasquier\n2013 : Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie : Elvire\n2015-2017 : Le Bureau des légendes : Émilie Duflot\n2017 : La Mante : Szofia Kovacs\n2018 : Charon de Fréderic Shoendoerffer :Anne Kepler\nTéléfilms\n1997 : Clara et son Juge : Clara\n1997 : Le Garçon d'orage : Jeanne\n1999 : L'Occasionnelle : Mélanie\n1999 : La route à l'envers : Lucia\n2001 : Fatou la Malienne : Gaëlle\n2001 : L'Apprentissage de la ville : Lucrèce\n2003 : Un amour en kit : Delphine\n2003 : Fruits mûrs : Sandrine Ricœur\n2004 : L'Insaisissable : Maxime Kovacs, la fille\n2004 : Pierre et Jean : Tanya Doubrovski\n2005 : Les Femmes d'abord : Éva\n2006 : Poussière d'amour : Caroline\n2006 : Lettres de la mer rouge : Armgart\n2008 : Drôle de Noël : Valérie\n2009 : L'École du pouvoir : Caroline Séguier\n2010 : Les Châtaigniers du désert : Marie\n2013 : Shanghai blues, nouveau monde : Marine\n2017 : Mystère Place Vendôme de Renaud Bertrand : Albertine d'Alencourt\n2018 : Meurtres en Cornouaille de Franck Mancuso : Katell Morvan\nThéâtre\n2000 : Les Fausses Confidences de Marivaux mise en scène Gildas Bourdet\n2000 : On ne badine pas avec l'amour d'Alfred de Musset, mise en scène Jean-Louis Bihoreau\n2005 : L'Autre de Florian Zeller, mise en scène Annick Blancheteau, théâtre des Petits Mathurins\n2007 : Médée de Jean Anouilh, mise en scène Ladislas Chollat\n2007 : En toute confiance de Donald Margulies, mise en scène Michel Fagadau\n2009 : Médée de Jean Anouilh, mise en scène Ladislas Chollat\n2010 : Une comédie romantique de Gérald Sibleyras, mise en scène Christophe Lidon, théâtre Montparnasse\n2010 : Chien-Chien de Fabrice Roger-Lacan, mise en scène Jérémie Lippmann, théâtre de l'Atelier\n2011 : Sunderland de Clement Koch, mise en scène Stéphane Hillel, théâtre de Paris\n2013 : Sunderland de Clement Koch, mise en scène Stéphane Hillel, tournée en province et à l'étranger\n2014 : Le Misanthrope de Molière, mise en scène Michèle André, Festival d'Avignon, théâtre Actuel\n2015 : Les Cartes du pouvoir de Beau Willimon, mise en scène Ladislas Chollat, théâtre Hébertot\n2016 : Encore une histoire d'amour de Tom Kempinski, mise en scène de Ladislas Chollat, théâtre des Champs-Élysées\n2018 : Le Fils de Florian Zeller, mise en scène Ladislas Chollat, théâtre des Champs-Élysées\nClips\n1997 : On ira de Jean-Jacques Goldman, réalisé par Gérard Namiand\n2014 : Tears of Joy de Prince of Assyria, réalisé par Lidwine Herduin\nDistinctions\n2010 : Prix Suzanne-Bianchetti, récompense française de la Société des auteurs et compositeurs dramatiques qui est décernée chaque année depuis 1937 à la jeune actrice la plus prometteuse.\n2013 : Chistera du public pour son court-métrage Ce sera tout pour aujourd'hui au Festival international des jeunes réalisateurs de Saint-Jean-de-Luz.\n2018 : Nomination au Molière de la comédienne dans un second rôle pour la pièce Le Fils de Florian Zeller, dans une mise en scène de Ladislas Chollat.", "Canet, Joévin (28 May 2007). \"Portrait : Elodie Navarre\". Le Magazine (in French). Retrieved 3 March 2018.\nDion, Julia (15 June 2009). \"Une journée avec Elodie Navarre\". Elle (in French). Retrieved 3 March 2018.", "Élodie Navarre at IMDb\nElodie Navarre Official Website" ]

[ "Élodie Navarre", "Selected filmography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4462 ]

[ 20875, 20876, 20877, 20878 ]

[ "Élodie Poublan at the 2014 Women's Six Nations Championship" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/2014_Women%27s_Six_Nations_Championship_-_France_Italy_%2828%29.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Poublan (born 13 April 1989 in Pau) is a rugby union player. She represented France at the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup and was named in the squad to the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup. She plays for Montpellier HRC.", "IRB (23 June 2014). \"Women's RWC Pool C squads: AUS, FRA, RSA, WAL\". Retrieved 19 July 2014." ]

[ "Élodie Poublan", "References" ]

[ 4463 ]

[ 20879 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Elodie_Ramos_MHSC.JPG" ]

[ "Élodie Ramos (born 13 March 1983, in Aix en Provence) is a French football player currently playing for Montpellier HSC of the Division 1 Féminine. Ramos plays as a striker and is currently one of the longest-serving players at the club, whom she joined in 2002.", "Ramos began her career at her hometown club USM Meyreuil in the commune of Meyreuil. After spending nine years at the club, she moved to nearby Marseille joining Celtic Marseille. After spending a few years in the club's youth system, she played one season on the senior team before moving north to the Alsace region joining SC Schiltigheim. In her only season with Schiltigheim, she scored 13 goals. Following a successful season, Ramos joined Montpellier. With Montpellier, she became an instant hit becoming one of the club's most decorated players having won the D1 Féminine on two occasions (2004 and 2005), as well as the Challenge de France in 2009. In her eight seasons with Montpellier, Ramos has scored double-digit goals in six and has only collected three yellow cards.", "Ramos made her international debut on 22 February 2002 against China. She scored her only international goal to date on 14 March 2007 in a 1–3 loss to Sweden at the Algarve Cup.", "Montpellier dans le dernier carré 4 April 2011 \"Au four et au moulin, Hoda Lattaf débloque la situation sur une frappe d'Élodie Ramos repoussée par la transversale (33e).\"", "Élodie Ramos at the French Football Federation (in French)\nÉlodie Ramos at the French Football Federation (archived 2016-03-04) (in French)" ]

[ "Élodie Ramos", "Career", "International career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4464 ]

[ 20880, 20881, 20882 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/%C3%89lodie_Ravera_-_Aiguebelette_2015_-_09-06_Fran%C3%A7aises_Lefebvre-Ravera_2_%28cropped%29.JPG" ]

[ "Élodie Ravera-Scaramozzino (born 19 September 1995) is a French rower. She competed in the women's double sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Ravera-Scaramozzino rowed collegiately for the Ohio State Buckeyes.", "\"Élodie Ravera-Scaramozzino\". Rio2016.com. Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.\n\"Four Former Buckeyes Compete in World Championships\". OhioStateBuckeyes.com. Ohio State University. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2019.", "Élodie Ravera-Scaramozzino at Olympic.org (archived)\nÉlodie Ravera-Scaramozzino at OlympicChannel.com (archived)\nÉlodie Ravera-Scaramozzino at Olympics.com\nÉlodie Ravera-Scaramozzino at French Olympic Committee (in French)\nÉlodie Ravera-Scaramozzino at Olympedia\nÉlodie Ravera-Scaramozzino at World Rowing\nÉlodie Ravera-Scaramozzino at Sports Reference (archived)" ]

[ "Élodie Ravera-Scaramozzino", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4465 ]

[ 20883, 20884 ]

[ "Team Canada No. 5 – Élodie Tessier" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/%C3%89lodie_Tessier.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Tessier (born March 14, 1996) is a Canadian 2.5 point wheelchair basketball player. She was part of the Under 25 national team at the 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Beijing, and the senior Canadian national women's team at the Americas Cup in Cali, Colombia, in 2017, and the Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Hamburg in 2018.", "Tessier was born in Montreal, Quebec, on March 14, 1996. Her legs did not grow normally; she is only 3 feet 11 inches (1.19 m) tall and uses a wheelchair. As a child, she was soon physically overtaken by her twin sister; but in high school, another girl in a wheelchair introduced her to wheelchair basketball. Élodie soon became the sportier of the two sisters.\nClassified as a 2.5 point player, Tessier was part of the Canadian junior team at the 2013 Youth Parapan American Games in Buenos Aires (where she also represented Canada in the Under 21 3-on-3 competition) and then the 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Beijing. In 2017, she won the Canadian Wheelchair Basketball League (CWBL) Women's National Championship in Montreal, Quebec, with the Gladiateurs de Laval. In the same year she was part of the senior national team at the Americas Cup in Cali, Colombia, where Team Canada was placed first. In April 2018, she was part of Team Quebec at the CWBL Women's National Championship in Richmond, British Columbia. Team Quebec came second, and she was named as an All-Star. In August 2018, she was part of Team Canada at the 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Hamburg.", "\"Elodie Tessier\". Wheelchair Basketball Canada. Retrieved September 2, 2018.\nBéland, Gabriel. \"Le sport a changé ma vie\". La Presse (in French). Retrieved September 2, 2018.\nHabashi, Jonathan (20 January 2018). \"Le sourire paralympique d'Élodie Tessier - L'Express\" (in French). L'Express. Retrieved 25 October 2018.\n\"2018 CWBL Women's National Championship\". Wheelchair Basketball Canada. Retrieved September 2, 2018." ]

[ "Élodie Tessier", "Biography", "Notes" ]

[ 4466 ]

[ 20885, 20886, 20887, 20888 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/20130929_-_PSG-Lyon_016.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/20130929_-_PSG-Lyon_083.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Ginette Thomis (French: [e.lɔ.di ʒi.nɛt tɔ.mis]; born 13 August 1986) is a former French football player who played for French club Olympique Lyon of the Division 1 Féminine. She played either a winger or striker and was described as a player who possesses pace comparable to that of French men's internationals Thierry Henry and Sidney Govou. Thomis is a graduate of the women's section of the Clairefontaine academy and was a French women's international having made her debut with the team in June 2005 at UEFA Women's Euro 2005 against Italy.", "", "Thomis was born in the commune of Colombes, a northwestern suburb of Paris, to parents of Martiniquais heritage. She began her sporting career training as a sprinter and long-distance runner. At the age of 13, Thomis began playing football after attending a trial for women footballers in Épinay-sur-Seine. After successfully playing for the local club, she joined Football Club Feminin de Colombes in her hometown. In 2002, Thomis was selected to attend CNFE Clairefontaine, the women's section of the Clairefontaine academy. She spent three years training at the facility alongside future domestic teammates Louisa Necib, as well as future international teammates Caroline Pizzala, Élise Bussaglia, and Laure Lepailleur. In three seasons at the academy, Thomis played in over 50 matches scoring 32 goals.", "After departing Clairefontaine, Thomis joined Division 1 Féminine club Montpellier. Necib later joined the club the following year. In her first season with the club, Thomis appeared in 20 league matches scoring three goals as Montpellier finished runner-up in the league to Juvisy. She also made her European debut participating in the 2005–06 UEFA Women's Cup. In the team's first leg quarter-final tie against Danish outfit Brøndby IF, Thomis scored a double, which, after a positive result in the second leg, allowed Montpellier to advanced to the semi-finals where the club was eliminated by the eventual champions 1. FFC Frankfurt. Thomis' goal output increased in the 2005–06 season scoring 15 goals in 22 matches as Montpellier claimed the Challenge de France, the women's domestic cup in France. After the season, in June 2007, rival D1 Féminine Lyon confirmed that both Thomis and Necib would be joining the club for the 2007–08 season. In her debut season at Lyon, she played in 17 league matches scoring seven goals helping the club win the league and cup double. In the 2008–09 season, Thomis appeared in 17 total matches scoring 14 goals as Lyon won the league for the third consecutive season and reached the semi-finals for the second straight season in the UEFA Women's Cup.\nIn the ensuing two seasons, due to injuries, Thomis was limited to only 30 appearances domestically. The striker did scored 17 goals in that span. In the re-branded UEFA Women's Champions League, Thomis made eight appearances scoring three goals as Lyon reached the final in the 2009–10 edition of the competition. Lyon was defeated by German club Turbine Potsdam in the penultimate match. In the 2010–11 edition of the Champions League, Thomis was a part of the team that won the competition defeating its nemesis Turbine Potsdam 2–0 in the final.\nShe left Lyon after the 2017/18 season.", "Thomis made her international debut for les Bleues on 6 June 2005 in a match against Italy. Competing for France in 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2012 London Olympics Thomis helped the team reach the semi-finals in all three competitions. In 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, Thomis helped France reach the quarter-finals where the team was eliminated by Germany on penalty shootout. Thomis has scored a total of 5 goals at these Olympics and World Cup finals.", "", "Statistics accurate as of 14 November 2012", "(Correct as of 19 September 2012)", "", "", "Montpellier\nCoupe de France Féminine: Winner 2006, 2007\nLyon\nDivision 1 Féminine: Winner 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16\nCoupe de France Féminine: Winner 2007–08, 2011–12, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016\nUEFA Women's Champions League: Winner 2010–11, 2011–12, 2015–16, 2016–17 2017–18", "France\nUEFA Women's Under-19 Championship: 2003\nCyprus Cup: Winner 2012, 2014\nSheBelieves Cup: Winner 2017", "List of women's footballers with 100 or more international caps", "\"Goalscorers\" (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved 18 September 2011.\n\"Entretien avec... Elodie Thomis : \"Le foot féminin n'est pas du mauvais football!\"\". FootMercato (in French). 11 October 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2011.\n\"Lyon sign 'Zidane' and 'Henry'\". Union of European Football Associations. 22 June 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2011.\n\"Thomis vows to hit the goal trail\". FIFA.com. 20 August 2006. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.\n\"Montpellier hail teenage hero\". Union of European Football Associations. 8 October 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2011.\n\"A tribute to the departing Corine Petit, Camille Abily and Elodie Thomis\".\n\"La Carriere de Élodie Thomis\". StatsFootoFeminin. Retrieved 19 June 2011.\n\"THOMIS Elodie\". Olympique Lyonnais. Retrieved 19 June 2011.\nTHOMIS Élodie, French Football Federation, accessed 19 June 2011\n\"Equipe de France A - Elodie Thomis\". footofeminin.fr. Retrieved 10 June 2015.", "Club profile (in French)\nÉlodie Thomis at the French Football Federation (in French)\nÉlodie Thomis at the French Football Federation (archived 2020-02-21) (in French)\nFFF profile at the Wayback Machine (archived 2013-01-27) (in French)\nÉlodie Thomis at the Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français (in French)\nÉlodie Thomis at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)" ]

[ "Élodie Thomis", "Career", "Early career", "Montpellier and Lyon", "International career", "Career statistics", "Club", "International", "International goals", "Honours", "Club", "International", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4467, 4468 ]

[ 20889, 20890, 20891, 20892, 20893, 20894, 20895, 20896, 20897, 20898, 20899 ]

[ "Yung at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con", "Yung at New York Comic Con 2015" ]

[ 0, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Elodie_Yung_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Elodie_Yung_2015.jpg" ]

[ "Élodie Yung (French: [elɔdi juŋ]; born 22 February 1981) is a French actress. She is best known for her role as Elektra Natchios in the 2016 second season of the Marvel Cinematic Universe Netflix series Daredevil and the 2017 Netflix miniseries The Defenders, as well as Thony De La Rosa on the 2022 Fox series The Cleaning Lady.", "Yung was born in Paris, on 22 February 1981. Her father is Cambodian and her mother is French. She grew up in Seine-Saint-Denis. Her father enrolled her in karate classes at age 9, and she eventually became a black belt in her late teens. Yung earned a law degree at the University of Paris with the intention of becoming a judge. However, at the age of 29, she instead pursued acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.", "Yung's first roles were on TV after she started receiving acting role proposals when she was 20 years old. Following her 2004 film debut as female lead Tsu in Les fils du vent, she played the gang lord Tao in District 13: Ultimatum. Yung returned to TV for the first three seasons of the successful police series Les Bleus with Clémentine Célarié. Yung appeared in the 2011 film The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Miriam Wu, a romantic interest of Lisbeth Salander. In 2013, she appeared on the silver screen as the ninja Jinx in G.I. Joe: Retaliation. She starred in the film Gods of Egypt (2016), as the goddess Hathor. In 2016 she starred as Amelia Roussel in the action comedy The Hitman's Bodyguard alongside Ryan Reynolds and Samuel L. Jackson. She plays Elektra in season 2 of Daredevil in 2016, and reprised the role in 2017 in The Defenders. In 2020, Yung played the role of Catherine in the Disney+ film Secret Society of Second-Born Royals. In 2022, Yung began starring as Thony in the Fox crime drama series The Cleaning Lady.", "In June 2018, Yung announced she was pregnant with her first child. Her daughter with actor Jonathan Howard was born early August 2018.", "", "", "", "", "Ty, Kanara (15 June 2013). \"Yung at Heart: G.I. Joe star Élodie Yung opens up\". Audrey. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2013.\nBetancourt, David (16 March 2016). \"This 'Daredevil' actress used her karate skills to play one of TV's toughest characters\". The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 November 2017.\nGrey, Tobias (Summer 2004). \"France's new urban superheroes\". Paris Voice. Retrieved 13 December 2011.\nKwong, Lily (15 August 2017). \"ELODIE YUNG\". The Last magazine. Retrieved 23 November 2017.\nOkwodu, Janelle (7 April 2016). \"Daredevil Star Elodie Yung Kicks Butt On and Off the Red Carpet\". Vogue. Retrieved 23 November 2017.\n\"La féminité est un atout, je n'hésite pas à en user\" [Femininity is an asset, I don't hesitate to use it.]. Le Figaro. 5 November 2012. Élodie Yung, action girl. La belle eurasienne de 'Millennium' et 'G.I. Joe'... [Élodie Yung, action girl. The beautiful Eurasian woman from Millennium and G.I. Joe...]\n\"Les Bleus, episode listings\". Universal France DVD.\nBorys Kit (10 June 2011). \"G.I. Joe: Elodie Yung in talks to join new movie (Exclusive)\". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 10 July 2011.\nJen Yamato (20 February 2014). \"Elodie Yung joins Summit's Gods of Egypt\". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 10 July 2014.\nAndrew Steinbeiser (7 July 2015). \"Elodie Yung cast as Elektra for Daredevil Season 2\". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 7 July 2015.\nWhite, Peter (7 May 2021). \"'The Cleaning Lady' Drama Starring Elodie Yung Picked Up To Series At Fox\". Deadline. Retrieved 3 January 2022.\nPedersen, Erik (8 November 2021). \"Fox Midseason Premiere Dates: '9-1-1 Lone Star' Season Bow, 'Joe Millionaire' Return, New 'Monarch' & 'Cleaning Lady' & More\". Deadline. Retrieved 3 January 2022.\n\"ELODIE ⚡️YUNG on Instagram: \"Surprise! My little sunshine ☀️\"\". Instagram. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021.\n\"Jonathan Howard on Instagram: \"Friends, Instagrammers and Social Media, lend me your ears... Let me introduce you to the new love of my life.. Minavann Yung Howard!\"\". Instagram. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021.\nJenna Anderson: 'Daredevil' Star Elodie Yung Welcomes Baby Girl. comicbook.com, 14 August 2018", "Élodie Yung at IMDb\nÉlodie Yung on Instagram\nÉlodie Yung on Moviie.com\nÉlodie Yung on vote model ranking" ]

[ "Élodie Yung", "Early life", "Career", "Personal life", "Filmography", "Film", "Television", "Video games", "References", "External links" ]

[ 4469, 4470 ]

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[ "The arrival of Louis-Philippe at Hôtel-de-Ville on 31 July 1830 (1837 painting by Féron)" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/L%27av%C3%A8nement_de_Louis-Philippe.jpg" ]

[ "Éloi Firmin Féron (1802–1876) was a French neoclassicist painter.\nA student of Antoine-Jean Gros, he won the Prix de Rome for his Damon et Pythias in 1826, aged \"twenty-four and a half\".\nHe went on to become a favourite of Louis Philippe I and his sons, contributing much to the galleries of Versailles., where most of his major works are now on exhibit, including Entrée de Charles VIII à Naples (1837), Bataille de Fornoue (1838), Prise de Rhodes (1840), besides various portraits.", "Annales de la littérature et des arts 1826, p. 404." ]

[ "Éloi Firmin Féron", "References" ]

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[ "Jacques Desjardin", "Jean-Charles Pichegru" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Jacques_Desjardins.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Pichegru.jpg" ]

[ "Éloi Laurent Despeaux (14 October 1761 – 23 October 1856) commanded a combat infantry division during the French Revolution. He joined the French Royal Army in 1776 and became a non-commissioned officer by 1791 when he reentered civilian life. The following year he joined a volunteer battalion and fought at Jemappes. He was badly wounded at Famars in May 1793 and was appointed general of brigade in the Army of the North in September that year. After being wounded again he was promoted general of division in March 1794.\nAfter commanding a division at Grandreng and Erquelinnes in May 1794, he was transferred to another division which he led in operations around Ypres in June. During the winter of 1794 he participated in the invasion of the Dutch Republic. After garrison duty in Holland he commanded interior posts in France during the Napoleonic Wars. The exception came in 1809 when he led a reserve infantry division. He lived long enough to be awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'Honneur in 1856 in the reign of Napoleon III before dying a few months later at the age of 95.", "Despeaux was born on 14 October 1761 at Malassine. This hamlet was located near Beauvais in the Oise department. His father Laurent Despeaux was a woodcutter who married Marguerite Petit, his second wife, on 25 November 1759. Despeaux enlisted in the Flandre Infantry Regiment on 2 November 1776 at the age of 15. He was promoted corporal on 15 June 1780 and sergeant on 20 May 1784. He was at the Palace of Versailles when the mob came for King Louis XVI of France.", "Despeaux took a leave of absence from his regiment in August 1791 before emerging as adjutant-major in the 9th Battalion of the Nord National Guard on 25 October 1792. Another source stated that he was not appointed adjutant-major until after the Battle of Jemappes, a French victory on 6 November 1792. A 1793 order of battle for the Army of the North listed the 9th Nord Battalion, but the month and day were not given. The French were defeated by the Coalition in the Battle of Famars on 23 May 1793. After greatly distinguishing himself and suffering a serious wound, he received a battlefield promotion to chef de bataillon (major). However, a second source stated that he became commanding officer of the 9th Nord on 28 April 1793. He was promoted to general of brigade on 3 September of the same year. He was sent on a mission along the Sambre River in the course of which he was wounded again. Soon after, he was elevated to the rank of general of division on 19 March 1794.\nAt the beginning of May 1794, Despeaux's 7,042-man division was at Limont-Fontaine guarding the Sambre between Berlaimont and Maubeuge. The French plan was to form the right wing of the Army of the North under Jacques Desjardin and the Army of the Ardennes under Louis Charbonnier into a 60,000-strong army and send it toward Mons. Unfortunately, the overall commander Jean-Charles Pichegru neglected to appoint a single commander of the army and the generals were hampered by two of the most arrogant representatives on mission in Louis Antoine de Saint-Just and Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas. The results were not happy and the army suffered three defeats between 11 May and 3 June.\n Despeaux's division was joined to the divisions of Desjardin (14,075 men), Jacques Fromentin (15,719 men) and François Muller (6,815 men) of the Army of the North and Philippe Joseph Jacob's 19,000-man division of the Army of the Ardennes. In Despeaux's division the regular troops consisted of the 1st Battalions of the 17th and 25th Line Infantry Demi-brigades, 127 horsemen of the 6th Cavalry and 83 gunners from the 3rd and 6th Artillery. His volunteer battalions were the 1st Loiret, 1st Hainaut Chasseurs, 3rd Meurthe, 4th and 9th Nord and 6th Pas-de-Calais. All infantry battalions numbered between 783 and 919 soldiers.\nMuller assumed command of Desjardin's division while his own division remained as the Maubeuge garrison. On the morning of 10 May 1794 the French army launched its offensive in seven columns with Despeaux's division on the far left marching towards Hantes. After serious fighting near Merbes-le-Château on the 12th, the Coalition forces abandoned the entrenched camp at Hantes and Despeaux's troops camped near Solre-le-Sambre. On 13 May 1794, Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg and his Coalition army defeated the French in the Battle of Grandreng. Despeaux was in a second line behind Muller's division which attacked Grand-Reng while Fromentin advanced on Croix-lez-Rouveroy to their right. Though the French cannons bogged down in the mud, the infantry of Muller and Despeaux were able to seize a few outlying redoubts while subjected to intense artillery fire and slashing cavalry attacks. The battle raged until the early evening when Kaunitz assembled a mounted force under Michael von Kienmayer and hurled it at the French. This cavalry charge decided the battle and caused the French withdraw south of the Sambre. Charbonnier's Army of the Ardennes failed to intervene while Desjardin's 35,000 troops futilely rushed at Kaunitz's 22,000 men behind entrenchments. One French general later wrote, \"We were children in the art of war\".\nThe French recrossed the Sambre on 20 May 1794, with Despeaux's division again taking position in a second line behind Fromentin and Muller, facing west. This time Jean Adam Mayer's division of the Army of the Ardennes was posted on the right flank near Binche. Kaunitz launched an attack at 8:00 am on 21 May and quickly overran Erquelinnes. Desjardin and Jean Baptiste Kléber organized a counterattack which retook the village. Fighting continued until 3:00 pm when Despeaux's division somewhat belatedly advanced with his battalions arrayed in checkerboard formation. At this the Coalition forces withdrew. On 22 May Despeaux was replaced in command of his division by Anne Charles Basset Montaigu. On the 24th Kaunitz beat the French again in the Battle of Erquelinnes, inflicting heavy casualties and capturing 32 artillery pieces.\nDespeaux assumed command of a division from the left wing of the Army of the North. Assailed on both left and right wings, the Coalition armies allowed the French to seize the initiative. On 1 June 1794, Jean Victor Marie Moreau's division began the Siege of Ypres. The besieging troops were covered by Joseph Souham's division which was supported by the divisions of Pierre Antoine Michaud on the left and Despeaux on the right. The three covering divisions fought an action at Roeselare on 10 June, driving back a Coalition corps led by François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt. On 13 June Clerfayt launched a surprise attack on Despeaux's division, routing Philippe Joseph Malbrancq's brigade and pushing Jean-Baptiste Salme's brigade back toward Menen (Menin). However, Jacques MacDonald's brigade of Souham's division held off repeated attacks at Hooglede. After six hours, Jan Willem de Winter's brigade came up on MacDonald's left while Salme's rallied brigade moved forward on MacDonald's right. At this, Clerfayt's worn out soldiers withdrew. Ypres surrendered to the French on 18 June.\nOn 26 June 1794, the French right wing under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan beat the Coalition army at the Battle of Fleurus. By 1 July, Pichegru's army occupied Bruges and on the 10th took Brussels. The next day, the armies of Pichegru and Jordan linked hands. The two armies soon diverged, with Pichegru following the British and Dutch northward while Jourdan turned eastward in pursuit of the Austrians. Pichegru's army occupied Antwerp on 27 July. An order of battle for the Army of the North on 1 September showed Despeaux leading the 4th Division with Salme as the only brigadier. The units included three battalions each of the 38th and 131st Line Infantry Demi-brigades, 3rd Battalion of Tirailleurs, 5th Battalion of Chasseurs, four squadrons of the 19th Cavalry and two squadrons of the 13th Chasseurs à Cheval. On this date the 4th Division numbered 5,432 infantry and 647 cavalry with 283 gunners serving 16 cannons and two howitzers. The fortress of Grave fell to the division on 29 December, but by that time Salme seems to have been in command.\nDespeaux was first appointed to command Tournai, then Antwerp. Later he was in charge of Western Brabant where he oversaw the suppression of the religious houses. On 13 June 1795 he was not listed in the organization of chiefs of staff. He was several times put in retirement and then brought back into active service. In 1797 he was governor of Flanders. In 1798 the French Directory named him to command the 18th Military Division at Dijon.", "On 24 April 1805 Despeaux was made a member of the Légion d'Honneur. During the War of the Fifth Coalition in 1809, a Reserve Corps was assembled under Marshal François Christophe de Kellermann with its headquarters at Frankfurt. There were four divisions, the 1st under Olivier Macoux Rivaud de la Raffinière, 2nd under Despeaux, 3rd under Joseph Lagrange and Reserve under Marc Antoine de Beaumont. Despeaux commanded six provisional infantry battalions divided into two brigades, a total of 2,520 soldiers. He was appointed to division command on 8 May 1809. He was assigned to Jean-Andoche Junot's corps but when that general departed, Despeaux assumed command for a time. He spent several days in the fortress during the Siege of Flushing in the Walcheren Campaign. On 20 September 1809 he was assigned to command the 20th Military Division at Périgueux. During the remaining years of the First French Empire he served in various interior posts. He was named Officer of the Légion d'Honneur on 21 January 1814.", "After the First Restoration Despeaux was placed in command of Metz and made a Chevalier of the Order of Saint-Louis. On 25 March 1815 he was appointed governor of Le Quesnoy. After the Second Restoration he was put on the inactive list. After a brief stint of active service for two tours of inspection, he was retired from military service. The king made Despeaux a baron on 11 June 1819 and named him a Commander of the Légion d'Honneur on 1 March 1821. He was also awarded the Swedish Order of the Sword. Despeaux was named Grand Officer of the Légion d'Honneur on 22 August 1853 and awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'Honneur on 7 February 1856. He died on 23 October 1856. He is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in the 15th Division along Chemin de Gramont.", "Dupuis 1907, p. 118.\nAssociation du Père-Lachaise 2008.\nLe Neuville Garnier.\nMullié 1852, section D.\nSmith 1998, p. 30.\nSmith 1998, p. 39.\nSmith 1998, p. 46.\nBroughton 2006.\nDupuis 1907, p. 80.\nPhipps 2011, pp. 145–146.\nDupuis 1907, p. 84.\nDupuis 1907, p. 106.\nDupuis 1907, p. 103.\nDupuis 1907, p. 113.\nDupuis 1907, p. 128.\nSmith 1998, p. 79.\nDupuis 1907, pp. 133–134.\nDupuis 1907, p. 138.\nDupuis 1907, p. 144.\nDupuis 1907, pp. 158–159.\nDupuis 1907, pp. 161–162.\nDupuis 1907, p. 160.\nSmith 1998, p. 81.\nPhipps 2011, pp. 312–313.\nPhipps 2011, p. 317.\nPhipps 2011, pp. 318–319.\nPhipps 2011, p. 320.\nSmith 1998, p. 69.\nPhipps 2011, p. 324.\nSmith 1998, p. 97.\nBowden & Tarbox 1980, pp. 159–160.", "Bowden, Scotty; Tarbox, Charlie (1980). Armies on the Danube 1809. Arlington, Texas: Empire Games Press.\nBroughton, Tony (2006). \"Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period: 1789-1814, De Das de L'Aulne to De Winter\". The Napoleon Series. Retrieved 28 March 2015.\n(in French) \"DESPEAUX Eloi, général baron (1761-1856)\". Association des Amis et Passionnés du Père-Lachaise. 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2015.\n(in French) Dupuis, Victor (1907). Les operations militaires sur la Sambre en 1794. Paris: Librarie Militaire R. Chapelot et Cie. Retrieved 28 March 2015.\n(in French) \"Le Général Éloi Despeaux\". Le Neuville Garnier. Retrieved 4 April 2015.\nMullié, Charles (1852). Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 a 1850 (in French). Paris. Retrieved 3 April 2015.\nPhipps, Ramsay Weston (2011). The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume I The Armée du Nord. 1. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1-908692-24-5.\nSmith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill. ISBN 1-85367-276-9." ]

[ "Éloi Laurent Despeaux", "Early career", "French Revolution", "Empire", "Later career", "Notes", "References" ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Eloi_Pelissier.jpg" ]

[ "Éloi Pélissier (born 18 June 1991) is a French professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for Toulouse Olympique in the Betfred Championship and France at international level.\nHe has previously played for the Catalans Dragons and the Leigh Centurions in the Super League, the London Broncos in the Championship and the Betfred Super League and the Lézignan Sangliers in the Elite One Championship.", "Pelissier was born in Perpignan, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. He is of Spanish descent.", "Pélissier had a trial with Wigan Warriors in 2008 in their Under 18s squad. He made 2 appearances against Huddersfield Giants and Hull Kingston Rovers playing centre but failed to earn a contract.\nIn 2009 and 2010 Pélissier played for St Estève in the Elite One Championship. He has repressed France at Under 20s level and was included in the French train-on squad for 2010 Alitalia European Cup.\nHe joined the Catalans Dragons in 2011. Pelissier made his Super League début for the Dragons in a 22-16 defeat by St Helens in 2011, coming off the bench to play at hooker. He then played the week after, in a 31-18 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers.\nPélissier went on to establish himself as a regular in the Dragons side, and made his full international debut for France in 2011. He played for France in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup and 2014 European Cup. Pélissier returned to the international stage in the end of year test match against England in Avignon. He scored France's lone try in the match as the French went on to be smashed 6-40.\nHe signed with Lézignan Sangliers for the 2017-18 season.", "On 2 November 2020, it was reported that he had signed for Toulouse Olympique in the RFL Championship. In round 23 of the 2022 Super League season, Pélissier scored two tries for Toulouse Olympique in a 32-18 loss against Warrington.", "\"Catalans Dragons Equipe Saison 2015\". Catalans Dragons site officiel. Catalans Dragons S.A.S.P. 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.\nloverugbyleague\nRLP\nitsrugby\n\"Wigan RL History - 2008 Academy Team (Under 18s)\". www.cherryandwhite.co.uk. UK: www.cherryandwhite.co.uk. 2008-09-14. Retrieved 2010-10-07.\n\"Nine Newcomers In French Squad\". rlef.eu.com. UK: Rugby League European Federation. 2010-09-02. Retrieved 2010-10-07.\n\"Catalans 16-22 St Helens\". Sky Sports. 2011-03-05. Retrieved 2011-03-19.\n\"Hull KR 18-31 Catalans\". Sky Sports. 2011-02-27. Retrieved 2011-03-19.\n\"Elo Pelissier, Ben Pomero and Dgino Waledo final FCL recruits\". FCL13. 1 January 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2017.\n\"Super League: Warrington Wolves move step closer to survival with 32-18 victory over Toulouse\". www.skysports.com.\n\"TOULOUSE OLYMPIQUE SIGN ELOI PÉLISSIER\". www.rugby-league.com. 2 Nov 2020. Retrieved 12 Jan 2021.", "London Broncos profile\nLeigh Centurions profile\nFrance profile\n2017 RLWC profile\nSL profile" ]

[ "Éloi Pélissier", "Background", "Playing career", "Toulouse Olympique", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Chapel in Éloie" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/%C3%89loie%2C_Chapelle.jpg" ]

[ "Éloie ([elwa]) is a commune in the Territoire de Belfort department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in northeastern France.", "Communes of the Territoire de Belfort department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.", "Official website (in French)" ]

[ "Éloie", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Le_pont_de_l%27Elorn.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Elorn.png" ]

[ "The Élorn ([elɔʁn]; in Breton - Elorn, without the accent) is a 56.4 km long river in Brittany, France. Its source is in the monts d'Arrée, 1.5 km NNE of Le Tuchenn Kador, and it then runs through several small towns such as Sizun and Landivisiau before flowing out into the roadstead of Brest. This river is the birthplace of the legendary Dragon of the Élorn. The maritime part of the river stops at Landerneau, where the Pont de Rohan blocks seaborne ships from sailing any further upstream. The river also crosses the château de la Roche-Maurice and many abandoned mills, and on the banks of its maritime part are several family properties belonging to families in Brest (Park an Coat, le Frout, Beau Repos, le Petit Manoir de Poul ar Velin). At low tide the mud is met, at high tide the sea flows over the countryside.", "Sandre. \"Fiche cours d'eau - Élorn (J34-0300)\"." ]

[ "Élorn", "References" ]

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