anchor
stringlengths 2
150
| positive
stringlengths 2
150
| negative
stringlengths 2
150
| __index_level_0__
int64 0
11.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|
Exclusionary reason | Second-order reason not to act on some of the reasons not to act in a certain way | Protected reason | 10,354 |
Libertarianism | Libertarian Free will | Classical liberalism | 5,436 |
proof by contradiction | reductio ad absurdum | argument from disagreement | 10,218 |
Non-factual content | Contents, usually of a proposition, that do not admit for truth values | Content that is false or untruthful, i.e. content that is non-factual | 9,764 |
Democracy | System of government in which state power is vested in the people | Liberalism | 10,361 |
Chinese Room | argument against the possibility of AI consciousness | philosophy of race | 3,977 |
universal generalization | universally quantified | universal instantiation | 5,285 |
Will theorists of rights have an advantage, here. | Those who ground rights in the autonomous exercise of the will have an advantage, here | Theorists of rights that draw on the ideas of William Talbot have an advantage, here | 9,195 |
A priori | Conceptually necessary | A posteriori | 7,102 |
a Greek philosopher and the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. | Theophrastus | Aristotle | 3,994 |
Conceivability | Imagination | Conceit | 2 |
cyborg | artificially enhanced organism | android | 9,260 |
Goodman's exemplification | inverse denotation | A symbol for a goodman | 1,384 |
Original position | Thought experiment in which principles of justice are selected in a state of ignorance about outcomes | First place | 6,287 |
Alethic modalities | Truth-related modalities | Deontic modalities | 8,404 |
cosmological argument | an argument in favour of the existence of God based on the idea that the universe must've had a first cause | ontological argument | 8,658 |
rationalist | apriorist | reason | 944 |
Social Epistemology | How knowledge is created and shared within a society | Social Contract Theory | 2,028 |
Cogito ergo sum | The idea that I think therefore I exist | The idea that Sum ergo cogito | 7,553 |
theory | coherent group of propositions formulated to explain a group of facts or phenomena in the natural world | theorem | 9,564 |
Extensional definition | Definition by examples | Intensional definition | 9,429 |
moral fetishism | a de dicto desire for what's right | responding to the right reasons | 613 |
Objections to the ability to pay principle | Arguments against the claim, that we should distribute burdens of fighting climate change according to available financial resources | Arguments against the idea that only those who are able to afford it should be made to pay | 8,939 |
Enlightenment | Age of Reason | spiritual perfection | 8,275 |
leeway freedom | the ability to choose between multiple distinct options each of which one is able to do | the ability to achieve the same goal by multiple courses of action | 5,840 |
Naturalism | Realism | physically possible | 2,104 |
supervenes on | is determined by | follows | 2,446 |
Bifurcation | Either/or | Bivalent | 7,129 |
Argument | Premises and conclusion | Debate | 10,204 |
Modus ponens | Affirming the antecedent | Implication | 4,365 |
metaphilosophy | philosophy of philosophy itself | metonymy | 9,160 |
genotype | genetic constitution of an individual organism | genome | 9,559 |
Simulation theory of memory | Theory claiming that remembering imagining episodes in personal past | Theory claiming that simulated beings have memory | 1,089 |
priority cosmopsychism | the universe as a whole is conscious | priority monism | 8,235 |
possessed | had | crazy | 5,292 |
is-ought problem | Hume's guillotine | What Hume used to kill | 8,518 |
Paraconsistent Logic | Paraconsistency | Formal logics in which it's possible to prove contradictions | 7,361 |
necessity | truth in all possible worlds | extremely important | 714 |
testimonial evidence | testimonial proof | witness evidence | 7,931 |
connectionism | associationism | connectivity | 741 |
Maximally specific phenomenal property | Maximally determinate phenomenal property | Maximally distinct phenomenal property | 10,835 |
principle of parsimony | parsimony is a theoretical virtue | virtue theory | 7,108 |
law of excluded middle | For every proposition p, it is either the case that p holds or not p holds | The legal view that says we should exclude those in the middle | 4,779 |
content | meaning | production | 926 |
justice | righteous treatment and outcomes | legal conviction and punishment | 1,439 |
Hylozoism | animated matter theory | panpsychism | 2,402 |
P is contingently true | P is true in some possible worlds | P is not a very significant expression | 5,326 |
SHAP | Shapley Additive Explanations, method that tries to explain individual predictions as well, based on game theory and optimal Shapley values | XAI | 8,942 |
imaginative resistance | the inability or unwillingness to imagine something | pretend struggle | 5,058 |
mereological nihilism | affirming simples only | partial depression | 1,761 |
Appeal to probability | Assuming that P because P is very likely | Assuming that P for ad absurdum | 9,732 |
Existence | Being | Life | 9,897 |
know how | learning by doing | theoretical knowledge of how something works | 8,760 |
Virtue Ethics | Aristotelian Ethics | Contractualism | 210 |
relevance logic | relevant logic | paraconsistent logic | 3,435 |
affective quality | emotional quality | efficient quality | 4,488 |
A nineteenth century philosopher who wrote Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint | Franz Brentano | Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint | 4,304 |
agent | somebody who can make decisions and act | a spy | 490 |
Substance | That which exists by itself | Importance | 7,956 |
antecedent | if clause | predecessor | 758 |
realness | authenticity | truthfulness | 10,510 |
external world | mind-independent world | world from somewhere else | 7,690 |
analytic philosophy | mostly correlated with Anglo-Saxon style | reasons behind data | 4,842 |
realism | believing in the existence of something | believing in the existence of a realm | 924 |
functionalism | mental states are defined in terms of their functional roles within a system | materialism | 4,942 |
Quine's Naturalism | Methodological Naturalism | Zola's Naturalism | 5,621 |
a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. | Many-valued logic | a propositional calculus in which there are two truth values. | 10,541 |
Global neuronal workspace theory | global workspace theory | broad | 10,779 |
possible world semantics | Modal logic | possible girls semantics | 3,657 |
Glassy essence | The mind as the mirror of nature | theory of perception | 11,655 |
incompatibilism about free will | free will and determinism cannot both be true | there is no free will | 7,492 |
induction | empirical inference | abduction | 1,268 |
restricted utilitarianism | rule utilitarianism | act utilitarianism | 7,180 |
politically correct | ideologically sound | woke | 9,889 |
Dialetheism | The doctrine that there are true contradictions | Dialectics | 957 |
aristocracy | ruling class | wealthy class | 6,568 |
X is constitutive of Y | X is a component of Y | X is definitional of Y | 1,575 |
Person | Agent | Being | 4,419 |
substance dualism | mind and body are separate substances | substances like water and fire cannot mix | 3,810 |
linguistic nativism | the view that some basic facts about our linguistic tendencies are innate rather than learned | the systematic privileging of native forms of linguistic expressions over those borrowed from other languages | 3,029 |
properties we discover in objects are dependent on the way that those objects appear to us not necessarily something they possess "in themselves" | Idealism | quantum entanglement | 3,588 |
denote | refer | write down | 6,686 |
A dialogue by Plato in it Socrates debates with self-proclaimed rhetoricians seeking the true definition of rhetoric | Gorgias | Socrates | 4,185 |
The principle of sufficient reason | The law of sufficient causality | The principle of least effort | 610 |
intrinsic AI hallucinations | AI hallucinations where the generated output contradicts the source content | intrinsic | 8,928 |
Philosophical zombies | Animated beings lacking phenomenal consciousness | Walking dead | 10,080 |
A-theory of time | philosophical position that time flows and the distinction between past, present, and future is significant | time | 9,664 |
Daoism | Taoism | Laozi | 4,985 |
qualia | units of conscious experience | quality | 11,099 |
wax argument | knowledge from understanding | whether scented candles or un-scented are better | 9,238 |
privileged access | knowing one’s own mind | vip status | 11,594 |
answering machine paradox | I’m not here now | answering back | 11,582 |
Divine Command Theory | Theological Voluntarism | Commandments | 1,465 |
Analytic geometry | Cartesian geometry | Geometric analysis | 6,827 |
semantic holism | meaning holism | referential atomism | 4,265 |
Incommensurability | The idea that different philosophical frameworks cannot be directly compared or translated because they have fundamentally different underlying assump | Objectivity | 5,017 |
normative reason | justificatory reason | normativity | 10,109 |
justification | warrant | reason | 9,450 |
categorical imperative | Kant’s supreme moral law | category error | 2,814 |
Identity function | identity relation | Null function | 2,842 |