anchor
stringlengths 2
150
| positive
stringlengths 2
150
| negative
stringlengths 2
150
| __index_level_0__
int64 0
11.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|
closed timelike curve | path in spacetime that returns to its starting point, theoretically allowing for time travel to the past | spacetime | 9,661 |
collective | joint | intersection | 377 |
abstract | not spatiotemporal | short summary at the beginning of a book or article | 952 |
philosophy | the study of fundamental questions | theology | 8,717 |
moral naturalism | The view that moral facts are stance-independent, natural facts | The view that morality is natural | 2,631 |
uncertainty in scientific theories | Each theory may change or be rejected over time | The physical determinism is a scientific theory | 10,469 |
substance | object | illegal drug | 7,447 |
Epistemology | theory of knowledge | Knowledge | 5,512 |
Evan Thompson | Author of "Why I am not a buddhist" | Chris Evans | 10,877 |
knowledge | episteme | doxa | 4,438 |
agent | subject | spy | 5,031 |
Dynamic semantics | Meanings are context-change potentials | Meanings are dynamisms | 1,363 |
Love and respect | Kant’s two categories of duties to others as described in the Doctrine of Virtue. | A healthy relationship with your girlfriend. | 2,420 |
Idealism | anti-realism | romanticism | 5,853 |
realism | A view of a reality ontologically independent of conception, perception, etc | A mid nineteenth century artistic movement characterised by subjects painted from everyday life in a naturalistic manner | 8,786 |
microbiome | gut microbiota | microbes | 9,939 |
the event is overdetermined | the event has more than one cause | the event is not sufficiently vague | 4,961 |
horizon problem | problem in cosmology of explaining why the universe appears homogeneous and isotropic despite regions not being causally connected | cosmology | 9,618 |
paradox of the heap | problem of vagueness | this sentence if false | 8,836 |
natural law | natural law theory | laws of nature | 7,082 |
Predicates | Properties | Predictions | 11,063 |
Ramseyfication | Ramsey-Lewis method | Ramsey's theory of saving | 4,190 |
Disbelieve that p | Believe not p | Rationalism | 7,550 |
Agent regret | A negative self-directed emotion about the deleterious consequences of one's action for which one is not culpable | Regret | 3,830 |
nominalism | the rejection of abstracta or universal | theory of names | 3,920 |
Ground | Reason | Earth | 2,602 |
agency | the capacity of an actor to act in a given environment | a business or organization established to provide a particular service, typically one that involves organizing transactions between two other parties | 8,608 |
fitness | an organism’s traits and how they correspond to various aspects of the environment the organism is living in | welfare | 9,213 |
Death drive | Self destruction | Life instinct | 1,982 |
explanandum | explicandum | explanans | 2,565 |
Abduction | Retroduction | Hypothetical reasoning | 1,252 |
hyperintensional | not truth-preserving under substitution of necessarily equivalents | very intentional | 772 |
Frankfurt cases | a morally responsible agent's alternative possibilities are removed by the presence of a counterfactual intervener | Harry Frankfurt's favorite criminal cases | 2,072 |
The problem of other minds persists in epistemology | Epistemologists grapple with the challenge of understanding other minds | Epistemology examines the nature of aesthetic experience | 1,691 |
zombie cow | a cow which exhibits all the same behaviours as a regular cow, but has no conscious experience. There is nothing it is like to be that cow. | a cow which has lost its soul in Buddhist reincarnation. That cow will be like the machine without its ghost. | 11,289 |
Idealist dialectic | Hegel | Fichte | 5,889 |
moral realism | the view that morality is mind-independent | morally realistic | 3,425 |
Naturalism | Physicalism | Rationalism | 1,777 |
Kripkenstein | Kripke's Wittgenstein | Frankenstein | 1,022 |
Zombie | An individual physically and functionally just like a human yet lacking phenomenal consciousness | Swampman | 3,467 |
foreknowledge | knowledge of something before it happens | something that is useful in helping you to come to know | 440 |
Kant’s form of experience | The condition of the possibility of the objects of experience | Types of experience | 2,974 |
Standpoint Epistemology holds that knowledge is perspectival | Feminist epistemology holds that knowledge is perspectival | Standard epistemology holds that knowledge is perspectival | 10,248 |
Aristotelean reasoning | syllogism | symbolic logic | 1,107 |
reliabilism | externalism | dependability | 3,027 |
Akrasia | incontinence | There is no such thing | 10,411 |
Hume’s law | Is-ought gap | Moral skepticism | 1,503 |
metaphysical libertarianism | the theory that some agents have direct control over their actions in a way that breaks physical determinism | the metaphysics underlying anarcho-capitalism and other libertarian movements | 11,280 |
psychic | concerning the mind | possessing special mental powers | 9,226 |
nomic possibility | nomological possibility | metaphysical possibility | 3,421 |
dialectic | conversation | marx | 3,295 |
philosophical zombie | a being that is identical to humans but doesn't have conscious experiences | a zombie that practices philosophy | 1,098 |
aesthetics | philosophy of art | beauty | 9,164 |
Intentional stance | Ascribing mental states | Empirical stance | 6,450 |
a Socratic dialogue written by Plato. Participants in the discourse present competing definitions of the concept of courage | Laches | Plato on courage | 4,193 |
critical theory | a special trend inside philosophy | substantial knowledge | 4,761 |
an attempt at a logical system to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way | Paraconsistent logic | an attempt at a political system to deal with contradictions in a progressive way | 10,544 |
word embedding | representation of a word, typically, a vector that encodes the meaning such that words that are closer in meaning are closer in the vector space | word | 8,954 |
gauge symmetry | type of symmetry that underlies the fundamental forces in nature, where certain transformations leave the physical properties of a system unchanged | symmetry | 9,634 |
The problem of evil | An argument against the existence of God, based on the fact that there are bad things in the world | The problem of how to eradicate evil | 1,314 |
Universalism as the answer to the special composition question | composition always happens | The universe is one composite and there is no part | 10,403 |
speaker meaning | what the speaker means | conventional meaning | 299 |
Emotivism | Expressivism | Emotionalism | 2,557 |
Truth | Facts | Truthful | 7,452 |
Space-time worm | Four dimensional object | Fictional creature that makes its home in the fabric of space-time | 5,590 |
consequence | entailment | result | 4,439 |
alethic value | the value of truth and the disvalue of falsehood | aesthetic value | 7,257 |
epistemic trespassing | experts in one domain making judgments in another domain | trying to uncover the beliefs of others without their permission | 657 |
act utilitarianism | classical utilitarianism | rule utilitarianism | 10,428 |
relaxed realism | quietism | science | 9,523 |
phenomenal | having to do with experience | fantastic | 9,275 |
best of all possible worlds | The concept, ridiculed by d'Arouet, that creation is optimal | Leibniz' conception that a better world were only possible if it would not contain Voltaire | 1,513 |
knowledge closure | epistemic closure | skepticism | 4,351 |
form and matter | hylomorphism | Homomorphism | 3,348 |
an atomic formula | a non-complex sentence | a nuclear equation | 1,397 |
reflective equilibrium | the method of balancing principles and one's considered intuitive judgments | mirror balance | 10,604 |
grounding | supervenience | earthing | 45 |
Facts | States of affairs | Fatalism | 4,442 |
agglomeration | if you ought to do A and you ought to do B, then you ought to do both A and B | an agglomerations or pile of objects | 9,062 |
deontology | Kantianism | professional ethics | 6,397 |
Causal decision theory | Evidential decision theory | Causation | 143 |
dualism | Cartesianism | Descartes | 10,449 |
Admirable, valuable, and the like | Fitting to admire, fitting to value, and the like | Able to admire, able to value, and the like | 7,063 |
libertarianism | a political ideology that emphasizes the protection of individual liberties and rights | liberty | 9,519 |
Stoic Sayable | What is there to be said | A truth value | 10,177 |
overdetermination | too many causes for one effect | someone who is determined to a fault | 8,820 |
Well-formed formula | A sequence of symbols in first order logic that follows all the rules of sentence composition in FOL | Baby formula | 3,644 |
propositional attitude | believing, desiring, wishing, fearing | wanting to proposition somebody | 464 |
plurality voting | First past the post voting | majoritarian voting | 3,569 |
incompleteness | the fact that any formal system with the conceptual resources to model basic arithmetic will lack the capacity to prove some true statements | the state of being incomplete | 2,597 |
Analytical Marxism | Attempt to expound and clarify the tenets of Marxism without commitment to a distinctly Marxist method | Scientific Socialism | 10,359 |
Pleroma | completeness of the divine | omnipotent | 2,465 |
Deontology | Duty-based ethics | Geological studies | 3,222 |
nominalism about universals | antirealism about universals | Grice's idea that cooperative efforts are the best | 3,177 |
Substitution of logical equivalents | transparent | Leibniz's Law | 80 |
Elections | Voting | Choice | 10,019 |
The view that universals and abstract objects do not actually exist other than being merely names or labels | Nominalism | Fichte | 10,071 |
meta-semantics | the study of what makes a term means what it means | the study of a semantical theory after it has been developed | 2,455 |
principle of individuation | identity criterion | individualism | 2,818 |
the intersection of two sets | the set containing exactly those elements that are members of both sets | the crossroad of two sets | 1,448 |