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[ "Frizzell made his senior debut for Morton at the age of 17, as a substitute against Raith Rovers on 5 May 2012.", "This was an immediate step-up from the U17 side, as he had never played for the club at U19 level.", "He had scored in the Renfrewshire Cup against Gourock Thistle in the previous midweek match.", "Already with a career outside of football, Frizzell chose not to go full-time with Morton and he instead joined local Junior club Port Glasgow.", "He spent a season at the Port, before returning to senior football when Ian Murray signed him for Scottish Championship side Dumbarton.", "Frizzell left Dumbarton in 2014 to sign for Largs Thistle; leaving the club two years later to sign for Neilston Juniors.", "After two seasons at Brig O'Lea, Frizzell joined his home town club Greenock Juniors.", "Frizzell moved to Kilbirnie Ladeside in June 2020 but was released after the club decided to take a season out due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and signed for Benburb F.C.", "After only one match, Benburb also chose to take a season out and he joined Troon.", "Frizzell is the older brother of Airdrieonians winger Adam Frizzell.", "Frizzell is an electrician as well as a part-time footballer." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "Alan Frizzell (born 14 April 1995 in Greenock) is a Scottish footballer playing with WoSFL Premiership side Kilbirnie Ladeside.", "He started his career with local side Greenock Morton, before turning Junior with Port Glasgow.", "He then had spells with Dumbarton, Largs Thistle, Clydebank, Neilston Juniors, Greenock Juniors, and Broomhill." ]

[ "In 1956, at age 12, Geoffrey Gillett met Mr. Holt, a 38-year-old farmer at Woodhall Spa golf club who kept employed a foreman, a small number of labourers and a housekeeper.", "He became his caddie and friend.", "In 1956, he began working on Holt's farm continuing this work over 38 years.", "In 1971 Holt (or his company) helped in various acquisitions leading to the relevant assets below.", "Holt had made seven separate representations to Gillett, from 1964 to 1989, as to his eventual inheritance of the farm - such as \"all this will be yours\" after Gillett brought in his first harvest in 1964 and at the christening of his first child in 1971, and \"it was all going to be yours anyway\" in 1975.", "Gillett's wife's brother attested to a conversation at his parents' house, at which Mr Holt said \"something to the effect that he was going to look after Geoffrey and [my sister, his wife] Sally and that they would have an assured future\".", "Holt had confirmed this in his Will of the time, sought adoption of Gillett when young, later seeking to add him instead to the Merton College agricultural tenancy; he soon gave too a 20% share of his main farming company as it first stood to Gillett and his wife.", "In 1995, Holt tried to sack Gillett and remove he and his wife from The Beeches and to remove him as his death beneficiary in favour of another neighbouring farmer, Wood, who had begun to manage part of the land.", "Holt first met him in 1992.", "Gillett claimed proprietary estoppel to remain in possession of the land he had worked, and be given land/compensation at the main farm.", "In 1997 Holt or his companies had enough money to buy the main farmland outright from Merton College, Oxford (for £1,251,000) and did so.", "The Limes farmhouse (with about 19 acres and two cottages in Baumber)", "Holt transferred this to Wood as legal and beneficial owner with vacant possession.", "A minor complication (but an important one from the Gilletts' point of view) is that on part of the 19 acres remained polytunnels (prefabricated polythene greenhouses) in which Gillett started off trees and shrubs for his business Countryside Companions.", "Another court hearing decided Countryside Companions did not have an agricultural tenancy of these structures and the land it occupied.", "White House Farm (235 acres)\nWood has been legal and beneficial owner since 1996.", "Its land, in hand, was farmed under a contract by Aubourn Farming Ltd (Aubourn).", "The Limes farmland (520 acres)\nKAHL was legal freeholder and beneficial owner.", "KAHL owed £1m to Edgescan Ltd (Edgescan), its controlling shareholder, unsecured.", "The land was in hand and farmed by Aubourn.", "The Beeches (105 acres)\n\"This land has the most complicated pattern of ownership and occupation.", "The freehold belong[ed] to KAHL, as it has since 1971, subject to a bank mortgage.", "The farmhouse is occupied by Mr and Mrs Gillett under a tenancy to Mr Gillett which has limited protection under the Rent (Agriculture) Act 1976.", "The rent is £70 a week.", "The central area of the land and a small area at the east end (in all about 39 acres) are [used by Gillett's business] Countryside Companions under a tenancy protected by the Agricultural Holdings Act 1986.", "The rest of the land is in hand and farmed by Aubourn; this year's crop is wheat.", "\"\nKAHL\nA company part held (80 per cent) by Edgescan Ltd; part held (10 per cent) by Mr Gillett; part held (10 per cent) by Mrs Gillett.", "It had an unsecured debt of £1m to Edgescan Ltd and a further liability (secured on The Beeches) of an unknown amount to the bank.", "The court was not told about any other assets which it owns, or of the precise terms of its contract farming arrangement with Aubourn.\nEdgescan Ltd\nA new company of the 1990s, owned 70% by Holt, 30% by Wood.", "The hearings judge in the High Court found against Gillett, applying the persuasive non-binding High Court decision, \"Dickens v Taylor\"", "[1998] 1 FLR 806, 821, holding that a promise to leave property in a Will could not give rise to a proprietary estoppel because wills are inherently revocable.", "He found the other promises and thwarted succession plans by third parties (i.e. Merton College's policy as to farmers, remaining active, transferring their tenancies and Gillett's father's refusal of Holt's proposed adoption of Gillett as a teenager) not strong enough; and he viewed as inadequate the detriment Gillett suffered during the time of the promise until its alleged breach.", "The decision was reversed by the Court of Appeal, rejecting the 'irrevocable promise' approach and in these circumstances held the court will impose a more liberal view of the requirement of detriment.", "Robert Walker held that Mr Gillett was entitled to a share of the property and could not simply be ejected:\n\"The fundamental principle that equity is concerned to prevent unconscionable conduct permeates all the elements of the doctrine.", "In the end the court must look at the matter in the round… \"\nThe assurances of 1975 \"were intended to be relied on, and were in fact relied on.\"\nIn persuasive, non-binding sources of law he noted esteemed legal academic criticism of \"Dickens v Taylor\".", "Professor Swadling commented that decision is ‘clearly wrong’ because the whole point is they are promised ‘unsupported by consideration, are initially revocable’ but they are made binding by detrimental reliance, and then there is no question of the promisor changing their mind.", "There is a need for detriment and noted the judge focused on Mr Gillett being underpaid.", "The court instead applied the binding court decision of \"Wayling v Jones\".\n\"The overwhelming weight of authority shows that detriment is required.", "But the authorities also show that it is not a narrow or technical concept.", "The detriment need not consist of the expenditure of money or other quantifiable financial detriment, so long as it is something substantial...\nThere must be sufficient causal link between the assurance relied on and the detriment asserted…", "Whether the detriment is sufficiently substantial is to be tested by whether it would be unjust or inequitable to allow the assurance to be disregarded - that is, again, the essential test of unconcsionability.", "The detriment alleged must be pleaded and proved…\"\nApart from being underpaid, Mr Gillett said he did not look for other employment, spent more time than a normal employee, spent money improving The Beeches, which was barely habitable when bought in 1971, new fittings and materials, working himself, and took no steps to secure his future, for example through getting a pension.", "The judge did not look at the matter in the round, and Mr Gillett’s case on detriment ‘was an unusually compelling one.’", "What matters is that there would be a detriment if there were no proprietary estoppel claim, citing Dixon J in \"Grundt v Great Boulder Pty Gold Mines Ltd\" (1938) 59 CLR 641, 674-5.", "The freehold of The Beeches farmhouse and the of land was ordered be transferred, and £100,000 paid to Gillett for exclusion from all the rest of the farming businesses." ]

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[ "Gillett v Holt [2000] is an English land law case concerning proprietary estoppel and a farming businesses' dispute." ]

[ "It was formed in the Soviet Far East Front on the basis of the headquarters of the 43rd Rifle Corps (in Primorsky Krai) on 20 June 1941 in accordance with an order of 8 March.", "Headquartered at Voroshilov, it was commanded by Lieutenant General Filipp Parusinov.", "The army initially comprised 39th Rifle Corps with 32nd Rifle Division, 40th, and 92nd Rifle Divisions, as well as the 105th Rifle Division and the 106th, 107th, 108th, 110th, and 111th Fortified Areas as Army troops.", "The army was responsible for defending the border in Primorsky Krai.", "On 10 August 1943, the army became part of the Maritime Group of Forces, which on 20 April 1945 became part of the Far Eastern Front, and was soon directly subordinated to the Stavka.", "In June, Colonel General Ivan Chistyakov took command of the army.", "On 5 August, the army became part of the 1st Far East Front, which was redesignated from the Maritime Group of Forces in preparation for the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.", "At the time, the 393rd Rifle Division and the 7th and 113th Fortified Areas were in the army's direct subordination.", "By the beginning of the invasion on 9 August, the army included the 39th Rifle Corps with the 40th, the 384th, and the 386th Rifle Divisions, the 393rd Rifle Division, and the 7th, 106th, 107th, 108th, 110th, 111th, and the 113th Fortified Areas.", "During the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, the army fought in the Harbin–Kirin Offensive Operation.", "By the end of 10 August the army overcame Japanese resistance to capture the Dongning, Dongxin-zhen, and the Hunchun fortified areas, cut the Dongning-Tumyntsa-Hunchun road, advanced through Japanese defenses to a depth of to .", "On 11 August, the 25th Army captured Laoheishan and Hunchun, and on the next day captured the ports of Unggi and Rason on the east coast of Korea alongside landing forces of the Pacific Fleet.", "As a result of its advances, the army received the 5th Army's 17th Rifle Corps and the 88th Rifle Division and 10th Mechanized Corps from front reserve.", "With the reinforcements, the army also received a new task: to advance south and cut the communications between Japanese troops in Korea and those in Manchuria, and in cooperation with the Pacific Fleet landing forces, to capture ports on the east coast of Korea.", "In fulfilling this task, the army defeated parts of the Japanese 3rd and 34th Armies and captured Wangqing on 15 August, Chongjin on 16 August, Ranan and Yanji on 17 August, among others.", "Between 18 and 20 August, the army disarmed surrendered Japanese troops, and was redeployed to the Pyongyang area at the end of the month.", "The army's headquarters was established at Pyongyang on 26 August after Chistyakov rejected the option of Hamhung on the previous day after the 25th Army was given the task of occupying what would become North Korea.", "The location of the 25th Army's headquarters in Pyongyang probably determined the location of the future North Korean capital.", "Immediately after the end of the war with Japan it included 39th Rifle Corps (40th, 384th Rifle Divisions and 10th Mechanised Division) and 88th Rifle Corps (258th, 386th and 393rd Rifle Divisions) and 8 fortified regions (including the 7th, 106th, 108th, 110th, 111th, 113th, 150th, 162nd) but they were all reorganised in 1946 into machine-gun artillery divisions.", "There were also the 72nd, 76th, 218th, 259th Tank Brigades.", "On 1 October, the army became part of the Primorsky Military District.", "The two corps were disbanded in August 1946 and 65th Rifle Corps (63rd and 144th Rifle Divisions) was transferred to the 25th Army from the 5th Army.", "The division of Korea between the United States and the Soviet Union after the defeat of Japan had been agreed to at the Tehran Conference in 1943.", "The 25th Army served as the occupation force in north of the 38th parallel while the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea was established in the south.", "Under the Soviet Civil Administration the 25th Army helped place Kim Il-Sung and the Korean Workers' Party into power.", "They also assisted with the purges of former collaborators, businessmen, landowners, and religious leaders.", "These people would either flee to the future South Korea or would be banished or imprisoned in the Hamgyong Province.", "In late 1948, the army was withdrawn from North Korea and stationed in southern Primorsky Krai on the Korean and Chinese borders, as well as on the Peter the Great Gulf coast.", "Its headquarters was located in Shkotovo.", "In March 1953 the army also included the 9th, 10th, 21st, and 24th Machine-Gun Artillery Divisions.", "The 10th Mechanized Division had become part of the 65th Rifle Corps by this time, and the 40th Rifle Division was directly subordinated to the army.", "In April 1953, the Primorsky Military District was disbanded, and the army became part of the Far Eastern Military District.", "The army's last commander was Lieutenant General (promoted to Colonel General 8 August 1955)", "Ivan Rubanyuk, who assumed command on 18 May 1953.", "The 65th Rifle Corps and its divisions were disbanded in the summer of 1956 and the remaining 25th Army rifle divisions became motor rifle divisions in the spring of 1957.", "On 1 May, the army included the 40th, 84th, 147th, and the 148th Motor Rifle Divisions.", "In December 1957, the army was disbanded and its remaining divisions transferred to the 5th Army.", "The 84th, 147th, and 148th Divisions were disbanded along with the 25th Army.", "During its existence, the 25th Army was commanded by the following officers:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "Formed in June 1941, the 25th Army did not see combat until the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, when it advanced into northern Korea." ]

[ "It was formed in the Soviet Far East Front on the basis of the headquarters of the 43rd Rifle Corps (in Primorsky Krai) on 20 June 1941 in accordance with an order of 8 March.", "Headquartered at Voroshilov, it was commanded by Lieutenant General Filipp Parusinov.", "The army initially comprised 39th Rifle Corps with 32nd Rifle Division, 40th, and 92nd Rifle Divisions, as well as the 105th Rifle Division and the 106th, 107th, 108th, 110th, and 111th Fortified Areas as Army troops.", "The army was responsible for defending the border in Primorsky Krai.", "On 10 August 1943, the army became part of the Maritime Group of Forces, which on 20 April 1945 became part of the Far Eastern Front, and was soon directly subordinated to the Stavka.", "In June, Colonel General Ivan Chistyakov took command of the army.", "On 5 August, the army became part of the 1st Far East Front, which was redesignated from the Maritime Group of Forces in preparation for the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.", "At the time, the 393rd Rifle Division and the 7th and 113th Fortified Areas were in the army's direct subordination.", "By the beginning of the invasion on 9 August, the army included the 39th Rifle Corps with the 40th, the 384th, and the 386th Rifle Divisions, the 393rd Rifle Division, and the 7th, 106th, 107th, 108th, 110th, 111th, and the 113th Fortified Areas.", "During the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, the army fought in the Harbin–Kirin Offensive Operation.", "By the end of 10 August the army overcame Japanese resistance to capture the Dongning, Dongxin-zhen, and the Hunchun fortified areas, cut the Dongning-Tumyntsa-Hunchun road, advanced through Japanese defenses to a depth of to .", "On 11 August, the 25th Army captured Laoheishan and Hunchun, and on the next day captured the ports of Unggi and Rason on the east coast of Korea alongside landing forces of the Pacific Fleet.", "As a result of its advances, the army received the 5th Army's 17th Rifle Corps and the 88th Rifle Division and 10th Mechanized Corps from front reserve.", "With the reinforcements, the army also received a new task: to advance south and cut the communications between Japanese troops in Korea and those in Manchuria, and in cooperation with the Pacific Fleet landing forces, to capture ports on the east coast of Korea.", "In fulfilling this task, the army defeated parts of the Japanese 3rd and 34th Armies and captured Wangqing on 15 August, Chongjin on 16 August, Ranan and Yanji on 17 August, among others.", "Between 18 and 20 August, the army disarmed surrendered Japanese troops, and was redeployed to the Pyongyang area at the end of the month.", "The army's headquarters was established at Pyongyang on 26 August after Chistyakov rejected the option of Hamhung on the previous day after the 25th Army was given the task of occupying what would become North Korea.", "The location of the 25th Army's headquarters in Pyongyang probably determined the location of the future North Korean capital.", "Immediately after the end of the war with Japan it included 39th Rifle Corps (40th, 384th Rifle Divisions and 10th Mechanised Division) and 88th Rifle Corps (258th, 386th and 393rd Rifle Divisions) and 8 fortified regions (including the 7th, 106th, 108th, 110th, 111th, 113th, 150th, 162nd) but they were all reorganised in 1946 into machine-gun artillery divisions.", "There were also the 72nd, 76th, 218th, 259th Tank Brigades.", "On 1 October, the army became part of the Primorsky Military District.", "The two corps were disbanded in August 1946 and 65th Rifle Corps (63rd and 144th Rifle Divisions) was transferred to the 25th Army from the 5th Army.", "The division of Korea between the United States and the Soviet Union after the defeat of Japan had been agreed to at the Tehran Conference in 1943.", "The 25th Army served as the occupation force in north of the 38th parallel while the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea was established in the south.", "Under the Soviet Civil Administration the 25th Army helped place Kim Il-Sung and the Korean Workers' Party into power.", "They also assisted with the purges of former collaborators, businessmen, landowners, and religious leaders.", "These people would either flee to the future South Korea or would be banished or imprisoned in the Hamgyong Province.", "In late 1948, the army was withdrawn from North Korea and stationed in southern Primorsky Krai on the Korean and Chinese borders, as well as on the Peter the Great Gulf coast.", "Its headquarters was located in Shkotovo.", "In March 1953 the army also included the 9th, 10th, 21st, and 24th Machine-Gun Artillery Divisions.", "The 10th Mechanized Division had become part of the 65th Rifle Corps by this time, and the 40th Rifle Division was directly subordinated to the army.", "In April 1953, the Primorsky Military District was disbanded, and the army became part of the Far Eastern Military District.", "The army's last commander was Lieutenant General (promoted to Colonel General 8 August 1955)", "Ivan Rubanyuk, who assumed command on 18 May 1953.", "The 65th Rifle Corps and its divisions were disbanded in the summer of 1956 and the remaining 25th Army rifle divisions became motor rifle divisions in the spring of 1957.", "On 1 May, the army included the 40th, 84th, 147th, and the 148th Motor Rifle Divisions.", "In December 1957, the army was disbanded and its remaining divisions transferred to the 5th Army.", "The 84th, 147th, and 148th Divisions were disbanded along with the 25th Army.", "During its existence, the 25th Army was commanded by the following officers:" ]

[ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 ]

[ "After World War II it was responsible for the Soviet Civil Administration in the northern Korean Peninsula, and helped establish a Communist state in North Korea under the rule of Kim Il-Sung.", "The army remained in North Korea until it was withdrawn in 1948, and was stationed in Primorsky Krai until its 1957 disbandment." ]

[ "The first official educational trail was created in 1925 on the initiative of a museum director in the Palisades Interstate Park in New York and New Jersey in the United States.", "The first nature trail in the United States was created at Harriman State Park's Station for the Study of Insects, established by Frank E. Lutz of the American Museum of Natural History in cooperation with the Palisades Interstate Park.", "Lutz developed a trail around the station and posted small signs to identify interesting trees, plants, insect haunts, and other natural features.", "In so doing, he created the first nature trail in the United States.", "In 1926 Lutz transplanted his educational techniques and scientific interest to Bear Mountain by establishing the Trailside Museum in cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History.", "The Trailside Museum and Wildlife Center remains a significant asset for the PIPC.", "At the beginning of the educational trail, the first sign read:\n\"The spirit of the training trail: a friend somewhat versed in natural history is taking a walk with you and calling your attention to interesting things.", "\"\n In 1930 the first nature trail was laid in Germany.", "In the 1950s there was a sudden increase in nature trails in Germany, as growing urbanization led to a growth in the demand for recreation and an increase in car use led to greater mobility.", "From the 1960s in Germany nature trails were established primarily as forest trails to guide visitors.", "Most of them were signed paths that portrayed the forest ecosystem as worthy of protection in order to restrict the flood of urban drivers seeking recreation in natural areas.", "For this reason, circular nature trails were attached, initially, especially to large car parks on the edge of forests.", "In 1970 after the \"European Nature Conservation Year\" in Germany, the first Swiss educational trails were also established.", "At the beginning of the 1980s in Germany, educational trails were not just laid out as ordinary signed paths in which knowledge was conveyed by the written word only, but as trails where the perception and experience of nature with the senses was made more central.", "In 1998 it was estimated that the number of educational trails in Germany was around 1,000.", "Of these, 85% were forest and nature trails, and only 3% were nature experience trails.", "Since 2000 new media have increasingly been integrated into educational trails.", "In addition there are also planet trails, which clarify the distances and dimensions of planets, and sculpture trails with artistic themes." ]

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[ "An educational trail (or sometimes educational path), nature trail or nature walk is a specially developed hiking trail or footpath that runs through the countryside, along which there are marked stations or stops next to points of natural, technological or cultural interest." ]

[ "Williams served as President from 1984 to 2001.", "After graduating from Princeton University in 1963 and University of Cincinnati College of Law in 1966, he became an attorney at Taft Stettinius & Hollister.", "His time at Taft Stettinius & Hollister was interrupted by service as an infantry officer leading a rifle company in the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War where he was the recipient of the Bronze Star Medal with \"V\" and two Purple Hearts for wounds sustained in combat.", "During his 17 year tenure at the chamber, he spearheaded efforts to revamp the riverfront and bring two new stadiums into the area.", "He also helped bring the Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America headquarters into the area.", "Additionally, he had the chamber organize two important events for Cincinnati, Oktoberfest Zinzinnati and Taste of Cincinnati.", "In 2017, he was recognized as a \"Great Living Cincinnatians\"." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "An award-winning membership organization, the Chamber has been recognized as national Chamber of the Year twice." ]

[ "Williams served as President from 1984 to 2001.", "After graduating from Princeton University in 1963 and University of Cincinnati College of Law in 1966, he became an attorney at Taft Stettinius & Hollister.", "His time at Taft Stettinius & Hollister was interrupted by service as an infantry officer leading a rifle company in the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War where he was the recipient of the Bronze Star Medal with \"V\" and two Purple Hearts for wounds sustained in combat.", "During his 17 year tenure at the chamber, he spearheaded efforts to revamp the riverfront and bring two new stadiums into the area.", "He also helped bring the Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America headquarters into the area.", "Additionally, he had the chamber organize two important events for Cincinnati, Oktoberfest Zinzinnati and Taste of Cincinnati.", "In 2017, he was recognized as a \"Great Living Cincinnatians\"." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "An award-winning membership organization, the Chamber has been recognized as national Chamber of the Year twice." ]

[ "This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-points scale (the scores for the Hustle group dance in Week 5 are not included).", "According to the traditional 30-point scale:", "The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows:", "\"Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Uri Paster, Michal Amdurski, Eli Mizrahi\".", "Note: Every individual routine must contain a solo part performed by the celebrity.", "All couples then go on to perform a group routine.", "Every judge awards 5 points bonus to their favorite couple.", "Note: The couples were randomly divided into four teams, each consisting of two couples.", "Every team performed an unlearned dance.", "Instead of scoring, the judges picked the better of two couples in every performance.", "The winners were safe for next week, while the losers had to perform another routine, which they had not done before.", "Note: The remaining couples were divided into two teams.", "The first team, called Team \"Then\", danced to Israeli music from the 1970s, while the second team, Team \"Now\" had contemporary Israeli songs for their dances.", "After an individual round, each team performed a group routine.", "In both teams, the group routine score was added to scores from the individual round giving a combined team score out of 120.", "Members of the team with a higher overall score were safe for next week, while the losing team saw two of its three couples eliminated.", "Team \"Then\" were proclaimed the winners with 102 points out of 120.", "The losing team, Team \"Now\" collected 97 points.", "All of Team \"Then\" couples were safe.", "Two couples from Team \"Now\" were eliminated based on combined individual dance scores and viewers' votes.", "Note: All couples performed an Instant Jive, which means the song they had to dance to was revealed to them just 30 minutes before the performance.", "\"Individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Uri Paster, Michal Amdurski, Claude Dadia\".", "Note: The three final couples performed their Week 1 dance again.", "Judges' scores were combined with viewers' votes and the lowest scoring couple was eliminated.", "The top 2 couples went on to perform their final dance, a Freestyle.", "Highest scoring dance\n Lowest scoring dance\n Performed, but not scored\n Not performed due to withdrawal" ]

[ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ]

[ "It is hosted by Guy Zu-Aretz and Yarden Harel with judges Eli Mizrahi and the Newest Uri Paster and Michal Amdurski.", "\"Red numbers\" indicate the lowest score for each week.", "Green numbers indicate the highest score for each week.", "indicates the returning couple that finished in the bottom two.", "indicates the winning couple.", "indicates the runner-up couple.", "indicates the third-place couple.", "indicates the couple that withdrew from the competition." ]

[ "Rees was born in 1977 in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Her father was a police officer and her mother was a scientist at Vanderbilt University.", "Rees attended local schools and college at Florida A&M University.", "After graduating from business school, Rees held an array of jobs, including working as a salesperson for panty-liners, a vendor for wart-remover and bunion pads, and also worked in marketing and brand management.", "While working for Dr. Scholl's, Rees worked on set for a commercial and she realized she enjoyed the creation of film content.", "This led her to pursue film school.", "For graduate school, she attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.", "While at New York University for film, Spike Lee was her professor and mentor.", "Dee Rees went on to work under Spike Lee on his films \"Inside Man\" (2006) and \"When the Levees Broke\" (2006).", "During this time, she worked on a script for what would later be the feature film \"Pariah\".", "For her graduate thesis, she adapted the first act of the script and directed it as a short film of the same name.", "In 2007, the short played at 40 film festivals around the world, winning numerous accolades, including the Audience Award at the Los Angeles Film Festival.", "Rees' first full-length film was a documentary, \"Eventual Salvation\" (2009), which aired on the Sundance Channel.", "The film follows her American-born, 80-year-old grandmother, Amma, as she returns to Monrovia, Liberia to rebuild her home and community.", "She had barely escaped the devastating Liberian Civil War only a decade earlier.", "Rees completed development and filming of her debut feature film, \"Pariah\", which she has described as semi-autobiographical.", "In graduate school Rees interned for Spike Lee, whom she got to executive produce the film.", "It premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival.", "Lisa Schwartzman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote, \"In her fearless, world-here-I-am!", "debut \"Pariah\", writer-director Dee Rees demonstrates, with simplicity and verve, that there's no substitute for authenticity\".", "\"Pariah\" explores the complexities of religion, politics and socioeconomic class within and surrounding a Black family.", "The short film version of \"Pariah\" was initially a thesis project done by Dee Rees in film school.", "It was difficult to receive funding for the feature film, and the process took about five years to reach completion.", "The format and content changed significantly from the short film to the feature film.", "The transition from short film to feature film meant it needed to be more accessible for a wider audience in order to make money.", "This accessibility reached new audiences and sparked new conversations that were focused on blackness and sexuality in a new way.", "At the time \"Pariah\" (2011) was released, the film was one of the very few films that follow the journey of a young person of color as they come to terms with their sexuality and come out to their friends and families.", "In 2011, she won many awards for \"Pariah,\" including the John Cassavetes Award at the Independent Spirit Awards, the Gotham Independent Film Award for Breakthrough Director, the Outstanding Independent Motion Picture Award at the NAACP Image Awards, and the Outstanding Film –Limited Release Award at the GLAAD Media Award in 2012.", "\"Pariah\" has been compared to the written work of Audre Lorde, specifically \"Zami: a New Spelling of My Name\".", "Both forms provide a different take on the lived experiences of young Black lesbian women in a way that gives the characters depth and power.", "Both stories of identity, they are not only diversifying the characters audiences enjoy in media, but also providing an authentic expression of these lives.", "In 2015, Rees' film \"Bessie\" premiered on HBO, starring Queen Latifah as the iconic singer Bessie Smith.", "The film was well received by critics.", "It also won four Primetime Emmy Awards, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie.", "Rees was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special and Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special.", "Together with Virgil Williams, Rees wrote \"Mudbound\", a period drama adapted from the 2008 novel of the same name by Hillary Jordan.", "Rees also directed the film, starring Carey Mulligan, Garrett Hedlund, Jason Clarke, Jason Mitchell, and Mary J. Blige.", "After being shown at Sundance in 2017, \"Mudbound\" became the highest purchase of the festival, being bought for $12.5 million by Netflix.", "\"Mudbound\" was shot in New Orleans over 28 days in the summer of 2016.", "The film tells the story of two families in the Mississippi Delta in the 1940s.", "The McAllan family is white and their neighbors, the Jacksons, are black.", "The Jacksons are sharecroppers who have a connection to the land, while the McAllans are a middle-class family that own a large plot of land in Mississippi.", "\"Mudbound\" tells a story of racism and race relations that continue to be played out today.", "The movie explores whiteness and the privilege associated with it, while comparing and contrasting the experiences of white and Black people of the period.", "This work contains many personal connections for Rees, such as her grandfather's experiences in the army and her grandmother's aspiration to be a stenographer.", "Rees used her grandmother's journal to help guide her process.", "It contained family photographs of their slave ancestors, with the names of who fought in wars.", "Rees says that by using this it was a way of interrogating her own personal history.", "She used written text from the journal, a war ration book, and a photograph of her great grandmother, and each one was an inspiration for something in \"Mudbound\".", "Rees and Williams were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"Mudbound\", which made Rees the first Black woman ever to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay, as well as the first Black woman to be nominated for a writing Oscar since Suzanne de Passe was nominated for Best Original Screenplay for the 1972 film \"Lady Sings the Blues\".", "The nomination of Mary J. Blige for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for \"Mudbound\" made Rees the first black woman to direct a film for which an actor or actress was nominated for an Academy Award.", "A lesser-known project of Rees' is the show \"Philip K. Dick's Electric Dreams,\" where Rees was given the chance to engage with the many emotions looming around the election of Donald Trump, and manipulate them within a sci-fi context, which is now streaming on Amazon Prime.", "Rees is also attached to write and direct \"An Uncivil War\" for FilmNation.", "In 2018, Rees was nominated for NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Writing.", "Rees directed \"The Last Thing He Wanted\", based upon the novel of the same name by Joan Didion, which stars Anne Hathaway and Willem Dafoe.", "The film was distributed by Netflix.", "Rees will next be directing multiple episodes of the Apple TV+ war miniseries \"Masters of the Air\".", "Rees is currently set to write and direct MGM's feature film adaptation of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\".", "She will be working alongside the film's producers, Irwin Winkler and Charles Winkler.", "In 2019, Rees began work as writer and director for her upcoming film, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "An original script, the film is a musical fantasy about a young musician in search of stardom.", "Rees is working alongside producer Cassian Elwes, with singer-songwriter Santigold set to compose.", "In June 2021, Dee Rees was announced as the first African-American woman to direct a Criterion film.", "With the addition of her breakout film, Pariah (2011), Criterion has acknowledged its need for the addition of more female directors and director of color, and has vowed to bring more diversity to light.", "Rees has said that she was inspired by the realistic directorial style of Cassavetes, and the cinematographer Bradford Young's organic style on the television show \"Friday Night Lights\".", "As with Rees's first breakout feature, \"Pariah\" (2011), Dee Rees pulls much of her directorial influence from her own life.", "Rees also cites her own life experiences in the protagonist of her newest project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "As a Black lesbian filmmaker, Rees's intersectional identity is a huge part of her and is also unique in Hollywood.", "Rees has said that her dissimilarity from much of Hollywood has only amplified the importance of translating her experience into her films.", "Rees's sexuality makes an appearance in her films, such as her 2011 film \"Pariah\" (2011), which tells the story of a teenage Black girl navigating the exploration of her sexuality.", "HBO's \"Bessie\" (2015), also written and directed by Rees, explores the sexual identity of blues singer Bessie Smith.", "Rees also described the protagonist of her latest project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\" as androgynous, again connecting her own experience of sexuality to her filmmaking.", "Rees's identity as a Black woman is also very prevalent in her films, as Black women are extremely central in her films, such as \"Pariah\" (2011), \"Mudbound\" (2017), \"Bessie\" (2015), and a few of her upcoming projects.", "Still early in her career, Rees has shown a large array of stylistic choices in her films in her exploration for her identity as a filmmaker.", "However, Rees has been said to spend hours on shots that end up only being a few seconds, focusing intently on visual details.", "Spike Lee was Rees's mentor throughout her time at NYU Tisch, and the two worked on films together such as \"Inside Man\" (2006) and \"When The Levees Broke\" (2006).", "Lee also worked as a producer on Rees's breakout film, \"Pariah\" (2011).", "Cassian Elwes, producer of \"Mudbound\" (2017), has worked with Rees on multiple projects, such as \"The Last Thing He Wanted\" (2020) and Rees's upcoming project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "Rees is a lesbian, and she described \"Pariah\" as semi-autobiographical.", "On National Coming Out Day in 2011, in an interview with BlackEnterprise.com, Rees discussed her coming out experience.", "When she came out her parents weren't accepting.", "They sent her emails, cards, letters and Bible verses.", "Rees sees \"Pariah\" as semi-autobiographical because she can relate to the main concepts of the film.", "Since at least 2017, Rees has been in a relationship with poet and writer Sarah M. Broom.", "They are now married and currently reside in Harlem.", "Rees, who is of African American descent, incorporates her family's history, specifically her own grandmother's, in her 2017 film \"Mudbound\" where American violence and racism are more relevant to the lives of all citizens and a marker of each individual's identity." ]

[ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 ]

[ "Rees has also written and directed episodes for television series including \"Empire\", \"When We Rise\", and \"Philip K. Dick's Electric Dreams\".", "Her achievements include being the first Black woman nominated for an Oscar for adapted screenplay." ]

[ "Rees was born in 1977 in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Her father was a police officer and her mother was a scientist at Vanderbilt University.", "Rees attended local schools and college at Florida A&M University.", "After graduating from business school, Rees held an array of jobs, including working as a salesperson for panty-liners, a vendor for wart-remover and bunion pads, and also worked in marketing and brand management.", "While working for Dr. Scholl's, Rees worked on set for a commercial and she realized she enjoyed the creation of film content.", "This led her to pursue film school.", "For graduate school, she attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.", "While at New York University for film, Spike Lee was her professor and mentor.", "Dee Rees went on to work under Spike Lee on his films \"Inside Man\" (2006) and \"When the Levees Broke\" (2006).", "During this time, she worked on a script for what would later be the feature film \"Pariah\".", "For her graduate thesis, she adapted the first act of the script and directed it as a short film of the same name.", "In 2007, the short played at 40 film festivals around the world, winning numerous accolades, including the Audience Award at the Los Angeles Film Festival.", "Rees' first full-length film was a documentary, \"Eventual Salvation\" (2009), which aired on the Sundance Channel.", "The film follows her American-born, 80-year-old grandmother, Amma, as she returns to Monrovia, Liberia to rebuild her home and community.", "She had barely escaped the devastating Liberian Civil War only a decade earlier.", "Rees completed development and filming of her debut feature film, \"Pariah\", which she has described as semi-autobiographical.", "In graduate school Rees interned for Spike Lee, whom she got to executive produce the film.", "It premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival.", "Lisa Schwartzman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote, \"In her fearless, world-here-I-am!", "debut \"Pariah\", writer-director Dee Rees demonstrates, with simplicity and verve, that there's no substitute for authenticity\".", "\"Pariah\" explores the complexities of religion, politics and socioeconomic class within and surrounding a Black family.", "The short film version of \"Pariah\" was initially a thesis project done by Dee Rees in film school.", "It was difficult to receive funding for the feature film, and the process took about five years to reach completion.", "The format and content changed significantly from the short film to the feature film.", "The transition from short film to feature film meant it needed to be more accessible for a wider audience in order to make money.", "This accessibility reached new audiences and sparked new conversations that were focused on blackness and sexuality in a new way.", "At the time \"Pariah\" (2011) was released, the film was one of the very few films that follow the journey of a young person of color as they come to terms with their sexuality and come out to their friends and families.", "In 2011, she won many awards for \"Pariah,\" including the John Cassavetes Award at the Independent Spirit Awards, the Gotham Independent Film Award for Breakthrough Director, the Outstanding Independent Motion Picture Award at the NAACP Image Awards, and the Outstanding Film –Limited Release Award at the GLAAD Media Award in 2012.", "\"Pariah\" has been compared to the written work of Audre Lorde, specifically \"Zami: a New Spelling of My Name\".", "Both forms provide a different take on the lived experiences of young Black lesbian women in a way that gives the characters depth and power.", "Both stories of identity, they are not only diversifying the characters audiences enjoy in media, but also providing an authentic expression of these lives.", "In 2015, Rees' film \"Bessie\" premiered on HBO, starring Queen Latifah as the iconic singer Bessie Smith.", "The film was well received by critics.", "It also won four Primetime Emmy Awards, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie.", "Rees was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special and Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special.", "Together with Virgil Williams, Rees wrote \"Mudbound\", a period drama adapted from the 2008 novel of the same name by Hillary Jordan.", "Rees also directed the film, starring Carey Mulligan, Garrett Hedlund, Jason Clarke, Jason Mitchell, and Mary J. Blige.", "After being shown at Sundance in 2017, \"Mudbound\" became the highest purchase of the festival, being bought for $12.5 million by Netflix.", "\"Mudbound\" was shot in New Orleans over 28 days in the summer of 2016.", "The film tells the story of two families in the Mississippi Delta in the 1940s.", "The McAllan family is white and their neighbors, the Jacksons, are black.", "The Jacksons are sharecroppers who have a connection to the land, while the McAllans are a middle-class family that own a large plot of land in Mississippi.", "\"Mudbound\" tells a story of racism and race relations that continue to be played out today.", "The movie explores whiteness and the privilege associated with it, while comparing and contrasting the experiences of white and Black people of the period.", "This work contains many personal connections for Rees, such as her grandfather's experiences in the army and her grandmother's aspiration to be a stenographer.", "Rees used her grandmother's journal to help guide her process.", "It contained family photographs of their slave ancestors, with the names of who fought in wars.", "Rees says that by using this it was a way of interrogating her own personal history.", "She used written text from the journal, a war ration book, and a photograph of her great grandmother, and each one was an inspiration for something in \"Mudbound\".", "Rees and Williams were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"Mudbound\", which made Rees the first Black woman ever to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay, as well as the first Black woman to be nominated for a writing Oscar since Suzanne de Passe was nominated for Best Original Screenplay for the 1972 film \"Lady Sings the Blues\".", "The nomination of Mary J. Blige for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for \"Mudbound\" made Rees the first black woman to direct a film for which an actor or actress was nominated for an Academy Award.", "A lesser-known project of Rees' is the show \"Philip K. Dick's Electric Dreams,\" where Rees was given the chance to engage with the many emotions looming around the election of Donald Trump, and manipulate them within a sci-fi context, which is now streaming on Amazon Prime.", "Rees is also attached to write and direct \"An Uncivil War\" for FilmNation.", "In 2018, Rees was nominated for NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Writing.", "Rees directed \"The Last Thing He Wanted\", based upon the novel of the same name by Joan Didion, which stars Anne Hathaway and Willem Dafoe.", "The film was distributed by Netflix.", "Rees will next be directing multiple episodes of the Apple TV+ war miniseries \"Masters of the Air\".", "Rees is currently set to write and direct MGM's feature film adaptation of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\".", "She will be working alongside the film's producers, Irwin Winkler and Charles Winkler.", "In 2019, Rees began work as writer and director for her upcoming film, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "An original script, the film is a musical fantasy about a young musician in search of stardom.", "Rees is working alongside producer Cassian Elwes, with singer-songwriter Santigold set to compose.", "In June 2021, Dee Rees was announced as the first African-American woman to direct a Criterion film.", "With the addition of her breakout film, Pariah (2011), Criterion has acknowledged its need for the addition of more female directors and director of color, and has vowed to bring more diversity to light.", "Rees has said that she was inspired by the realistic directorial style of Cassavetes, and the cinematographer Bradford Young's organic style on the television show \"Friday Night Lights\".", "As with Rees's first breakout feature, \"Pariah\" (2011), Dee Rees pulls much of her directorial influence from her own life.", "Rees also cites her own life experiences in the protagonist of her newest project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "As a Black lesbian filmmaker, Rees's intersectional identity is a huge part of her and is also unique in Hollywood.", "Rees has said that her dissimilarity from much of Hollywood has only amplified the importance of translating her experience into her films.", "Rees's sexuality makes an appearance in her films, such as her 2011 film \"Pariah\" (2011), which tells the story of a teenage Black girl navigating the exploration of her sexuality.", "HBO's \"Bessie\" (2015), also written and directed by Rees, explores the sexual identity of blues singer Bessie Smith.", "Rees also described the protagonist of her latest project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\" as androgynous, again connecting her own experience of sexuality to her filmmaking.", "Rees's identity as a Black woman is also very prevalent in her films, as Black women are extremely central in her films, such as \"Pariah\" (2011), \"Mudbound\" (2017), \"Bessie\" (2015), and a few of her upcoming projects.", "Still early in her career, Rees has shown a large array of stylistic choices in her films in her exploration for her identity as a filmmaker.", "However, Rees has been said to spend hours on shots that end up only being a few seconds, focusing intently on visual details.", "Spike Lee was Rees's mentor throughout her time at NYU Tisch, and the two worked on films together such as \"Inside Man\" (2006) and \"When The Levees Broke\" (2006).", "Lee also worked as a producer on Rees's breakout film, \"Pariah\" (2011).", "Cassian Elwes, producer of \"Mudbound\" (2017), has worked with Rees on multiple projects, such as \"The Last Thing He Wanted\" (2020) and Rees's upcoming project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "Rees is a lesbian, and she described \"Pariah\" as semi-autobiographical.", "On National Coming Out Day in 2011, in an interview with BlackEnterprise.com, Rees discussed her coming out experience.", "When she came out her parents weren't accepting.", "They sent her emails, cards, letters and Bible verses.", "Rees sees \"Pariah\" as semi-autobiographical because she can relate to the main concepts of the film.", "Since at least 2017, Rees has been in a relationship with poet and writer Sarah M. Broom.", "They are now married and currently reside in Harlem.", "Rees, who is of African American descent, incorporates her family's history, specifically her own grandmother's, in her 2017 film \"Mudbound\" where American violence and racism are more relevant to the lives of all citizens and a marker of each individual's identity." ]

[ 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 ]

[ "She is known for her feature films \"Pariah\" (2011), \"Bessie\" (2015), \"Mudbound\" (2017), and \"The Last Thing He Wanted\" (2020)." ]

[ "Rees was born in 1977 in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Her father was a police officer and her mother was a scientist at Vanderbilt University.", "Rees attended local schools and college at Florida A&M University.", "After graduating from business school, Rees held an array of jobs, including working as a salesperson for panty-liners, a vendor for wart-remover and bunion pads, and also worked in marketing and brand management.", "While working for Dr. Scholl's, Rees worked on set for a commercial and she realized she enjoyed the creation of film content.", "This led her to pursue film school.", "For graduate school, she attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.", "While at New York University for film, Spike Lee was her professor and mentor.", "Dee Rees went on to work under Spike Lee on his films \"Inside Man\" (2006) and \"When the Levees Broke\" (2006).", "During this time, she worked on a script for what would later be the feature film \"Pariah\".", "For her graduate thesis, she adapted the first act of the script and directed it as a short film of the same name.", "In 2007, the short played at 40 film festivals around the world, winning numerous accolades, including the Audience Award at the Los Angeles Film Festival.", "Rees' first full-length film was a documentary, \"Eventual Salvation\" (2009), which aired on the Sundance Channel.", "The film follows her American-born, 80-year-old grandmother, Amma, as she returns to Monrovia, Liberia to rebuild her home and community.", "She had barely escaped the devastating Liberian Civil War only a decade earlier.", "Rees completed development and filming of her debut feature film, \"Pariah\", which she has described as semi-autobiographical.", "In graduate school Rees interned for Spike Lee, whom she got to executive produce the film.", "It premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival.", "Lisa Schwartzman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote, \"In her fearless, world-here-I-am!", "debut \"Pariah\", writer-director Dee Rees demonstrates, with simplicity and verve, that there's no substitute for authenticity\".", "\"Pariah\" explores the complexities of religion, politics and socioeconomic class within and surrounding a Black family.", "The short film version of \"Pariah\" was initially a thesis project done by Dee Rees in film school.", "It was difficult to receive funding for the feature film, and the process took about five years to reach completion.", "The format and content changed significantly from the short film to the feature film.", "The transition from short film to feature film meant it needed to be more accessible for a wider audience in order to make money.", "This accessibility reached new audiences and sparked new conversations that were focused on blackness and sexuality in a new way.", "At the time \"Pariah\" (2011) was released, the film was one of the very few films that follow the journey of a young person of color as they come to terms with their sexuality and come out to their friends and families.", "In 2011, she won many awards for \"Pariah,\" including the John Cassavetes Award at the Independent Spirit Awards, the Gotham Independent Film Award for Breakthrough Director, the Outstanding Independent Motion Picture Award at the NAACP Image Awards, and the Outstanding Film –Limited Release Award at the GLAAD Media Award in 2012.", "\"Pariah\" has been compared to the written work of Audre Lorde, specifically \"Zami: a New Spelling of My Name\".", "Both forms provide a different take on the lived experiences of young Black lesbian women in a way that gives the characters depth and power.", "Both stories of identity, they are not only diversifying the characters audiences enjoy in media, but also providing an authentic expression of these lives.", "In 2015, Rees' film \"Bessie\" premiered on HBO, starring Queen Latifah as the iconic singer Bessie Smith.", "The film was well received by critics.", "It also won four Primetime Emmy Awards, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie.", "Rees was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special and Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special.", "Together with Virgil Williams, Rees wrote \"Mudbound\", a period drama adapted from the 2008 novel of the same name by Hillary Jordan.", "Rees also directed the film, starring Carey Mulligan, Garrett Hedlund, Jason Clarke, Jason Mitchell, and Mary J. Blige.", "After being shown at Sundance in 2017, \"Mudbound\" became the highest purchase of the festival, being bought for $12.5 million by Netflix.", "\"Mudbound\" was shot in New Orleans over 28 days in the summer of 2016.", "The film tells the story of two families in the Mississippi Delta in the 1940s.", "The McAllan family is white and their neighbors, the Jacksons, are black.", "The Jacksons are sharecroppers who have a connection to the land, while the McAllans are a middle-class family that own a large plot of land in Mississippi.", "\"Mudbound\" tells a story of racism and race relations that continue to be played out today.", "The movie explores whiteness and the privilege associated with it, while comparing and contrasting the experiences of white and Black people of the period.", "This work contains many personal connections for Rees, such as her grandfather's experiences in the army and her grandmother's aspiration to be a stenographer.", "Rees used her grandmother's journal to help guide her process.", "It contained family photographs of their slave ancestors, with the names of who fought in wars.", "Rees says that by using this it was a way of interrogating her own personal history.", "She used written text from the journal, a war ration book, and a photograph of her great grandmother, and each one was an inspiration for something in \"Mudbound\".", "Rees and Williams were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"Mudbound\", which made Rees the first Black woman ever to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay, as well as the first Black woman to be nominated for a writing Oscar since Suzanne de Passe was nominated for Best Original Screenplay for the 1972 film \"Lady Sings the Blues\".", "The nomination of Mary J. Blige for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for \"Mudbound\" made Rees the first black woman to direct a film for which an actor or actress was nominated for an Academy Award.", "A lesser-known project of Rees' is the show \"Philip K. Dick's Electric Dreams,\" where Rees was given the chance to engage with the many emotions looming around the election of Donald Trump, and manipulate them within a sci-fi context, which is now streaming on Amazon Prime.", "Rees is also attached to write and direct \"An Uncivil War\" for FilmNation.", "In 2018, Rees was nominated for NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Writing.", "Rees directed \"The Last Thing He Wanted\", based upon the novel of the same name by Joan Didion, which stars Anne Hathaway and Willem Dafoe.", "The film was distributed by Netflix.", "Rees will next be directing multiple episodes of the Apple TV+ war miniseries \"Masters of the Air\".", "Rees is currently set to write and direct MGM's feature film adaptation of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\".", "She will be working alongside the film's producers, Irwin Winkler and Charles Winkler.", "In 2019, Rees began work as writer and director for her upcoming film, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "An original script, the film is a musical fantasy about a young musician in search of stardom.", "Rees is working alongside producer Cassian Elwes, with singer-songwriter Santigold set to compose.", "In June 2021, Dee Rees was announced as the first African-American woman to direct a Criterion film.", "With the addition of her breakout film, Pariah (2011), Criterion has acknowledged its need for the addition of more female directors and director of color, and has vowed to bring more diversity to light.", "Rees has said that she was inspired by the realistic directorial style of Cassavetes, and the cinematographer Bradford Young's organic style on the television show \"Friday Night Lights\".", "As with Rees's first breakout feature, \"Pariah\" (2011), Dee Rees pulls much of her directorial influence from her own life.", "Rees also cites her own life experiences in the protagonist of her newest project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "As a Black lesbian filmmaker, Rees's intersectional identity is a huge part of her and is also unique in Hollywood.", "Rees has said that her dissimilarity from much of Hollywood has only amplified the importance of translating her experience into her films.", "Rees's sexuality makes an appearance in her films, such as her 2011 film \"Pariah\" (2011), which tells the story of a teenage Black girl navigating the exploration of her sexuality.", "HBO's \"Bessie\" (2015), also written and directed by Rees, explores the sexual identity of blues singer Bessie Smith.", "Rees also described the protagonist of her latest project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\" as androgynous, again connecting her own experience of sexuality to her filmmaking.", "Rees's identity as a Black woman is also very prevalent in her films, as Black women are extremely central in her films, such as \"Pariah\" (2011), \"Mudbound\" (2017), \"Bessie\" (2015), and a few of her upcoming projects.", "Still early in her career, Rees has shown a large array of stylistic choices in her films in her exploration for her identity as a filmmaker.", "However, Rees has been said to spend hours on shots that end up only being a few seconds, focusing intently on visual details.", "Spike Lee was Rees's mentor throughout her time at NYU Tisch, and the two worked on films together such as \"Inside Man\" (2006) and \"When The Levees Broke\" (2006).", "Lee also worked as a producer on Rees's breakout film, \"Pariah\" (2011).", "Cassian Elwes, producer of \"Mudbound\" (2017), has worked with Rees on multiple projects, such as \"The Last Thing He Wanted\" (2020) and Rees's upcoming project, \"The Kyd's Exquisite Follies\".", "Rees is a lesbian, and she described \"Pariah\" as semi-autobiographical.", "On National Coming Out Day in 2011, in an interview with BlackEnterprise.com, Rees discussed her coming out experience.", "When she came out her parents weren't accepting.", "They sent her emails, cards, letters and Bible verses.", "Rees sees \"Pariah\" as semi-autobiographical because she can relate to the main concepts of the film.", "Since at least 2017, Rees has been in a relationship with poet and writer Sarah M. Broom.", "They are now married and currently reside in Harlem.", "Rees, who is of African American descent, incorporates her family's history, specifically her own grandmother's, in her 2017 film \"Mudbound\" where American violence and racism are more relevant to the lives of all citizens and a marker of each individual's identity." ]

[ 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 ]

[ "She is known for her feature films \"Pariah\" (2011), \"Bessie\" (2015), \"Mudbound\" (2017), and \"The Last Thing He Wanted\" (2020)." ]

[ "Ann Bauer has worked as a writing professor, a food critic, a novelist, a journalist and an advertising copywriter.", "She has taught at The University of Iowa, Brown University, Roger Williams University, Johns Hopkins University and Macalester College.", "While in the Iowa MFA program, Bauer wrote most of her first novel, \"A Wild Ride Up The Cupboards\", which came out with Scribner in 2005.", "\"Wild Ride\" was named a Best Book of 2005 by the \"Minneapolis Star Tribune\" and \"The Providence Journal\".", "Bauer began writing for Salon that same year, eventually becoming a regular contributor.", "She co-authored her second book, a work of nonfiction billed as a \"culinary memoir,\" with Mitch Omer, the founder of Hell's Kitchen.", "\"Damn Good Food\" was published by Borealis Books in 2009.", "Her second novel, \"The Forever Marriage\", was published by The Overlook Press in June 2012.", "Her third novel, \"Forgiveness 4 You\" was also published by Overlook in March 2015.", "Bauer's essays have appeared in \"Elle, The Washington Post\", \"The New York Times\", \"Redbook\", and \"The Sun\".", "She has published three novels and a cookbook and culinary memoir (with co-author Mitch Omer)." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "Ann Bauer is an American essayist and novelist." ]

[ "John Penney is the son of science fiction writer Raylyn Moore (née Crabbe) and stepson of writer Ward Moore.", "Ray Bradbury was an old roommate of Ward Moore, and one of the first people to give Penney writing advice when he was a young man.", "Penney attended UCLA where he studied film and received a degree in English.", "Penney's first literary agent was H.N. Swanson, the man who represented F. Scott Fitzgerald, Raymond Chandler, William Faulkner and many other giants of 20th century literature.", "Penney started his career as a film editor, with his first job being an assistant editor on \"The Dorm That Dripped Blood\", a film that became embroiled in the infamous Video Nasties case, after it was banned in the UK.", "He went on to work on several independent horror productions, including \"The Power\" (1984), as well as Dan O'Bannon's \"The Return of the Living Dead\".", "It was shortly after this that Penney wrote the screenplay for \"The Kindred\" (1987), the process of which made him want to become a full-time writer.", "It was on \"The Kindred\" that Penney worked with \"Psycho\" screenwriter Joseph Stefano.", "Afterwards he joined the Screenwriting Guild and sold a script to Warner Brothers.", "This led to working on several projects within the studio system which did not come to fruition.", "The independent filmmaker Brian Yuzna was in the process of developing a sequel to \"The Return of the Living Dead\" and Penney pitched and idea which he describes as \"Romeo and Juliet on the run\".", "Yuzna was impressed and they began developing the script, with Penney bringing beat sheets to Yuzna's office every day.", "The film was released through Trimark Pictures and went on to become a cult classic.", "The central theme of zombie as main character was new at the time, and has since been utilized by such contemporary films as \"Warm Bodies\" (2013) and \"Life After Beth\" (2014).", "During the 1990s and early 2000s, as well as his horror genre work, Penney wrote for television and mainstream movies.", "In addition to his screenplays, Penney has written short stories that have won him an award from the Adelphi Academy in New York, and have been published in the \"Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction.", "\"\n\"Zyzzyx Road\" became part of a media frenzy when a screening (held for obligatory contractual purposes to secure an international release) was filed at the box office leading to the film becoming known as the \"lowest grossing film of all time\" by only making $20USD following a two ticket refund reducing the original total from $30USD for a budget of $1.2 Million.", "Subsequent media sales ($368,000 as of 2006) & zero reporting of global box office return cemented this as liable to be true on a global box office scale.", "In 2011 Penney wrote and directed the supernatural thriller \"Hellgate\".", "The film was shot in Thailand and stars Hurt and Cary Elwes.", "It was awarded the 2011 Best Film at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival in England as well as winning Best Horror Film at the 2011 Fantasy Horror Awards in Italy.", "Penney's first novel, \"Truck Stop\", was released in 2012.", "An interview with Penney was published in the October 2013 issue of Fangoria Magazine.", "The piece, written by Colin McCracken, was a celebration of the 20th Anniversary of Return of the Living Dead III." ]

[ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 ]

[ "He has created material for, and been involved in, a range of subgenres, including zombie movies (\"Return of the Living Dead III\"), classic Creature Features (\"Amphibious\"), and supernatural thrillers (\"Hellgate\")." ]

[ "The \"Irene\" class was the first protected cruiser design built by the German Imperial Navy.", "Built between 1886 and 1889 at the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin and the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, the class comprised two ships, and .", "As built, the ships were armed with a main battery of fourteen breech-loading guns, of which four were L/30 models and ten shorter L/22 guns.", "They had a top speed of .", "They were modernized in 1899–1905, and their armament was upgraded with new, SK L/35 quick-firing guns.", "Both ships served in the East Asia station with the East Asia Squadron; \"Prinzess Wilhelm\" played a major role in the seizure of the Kiautschou Bay concession in November 1897, under command of Admiral Otto von Diederichs.", "The two ships were sent to safeguard German interests in the Philippines after the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War.", "There, \"Irene\"s presence caused tensions with the American squadron occupying the islands.", "Both ships returned to Germany at the turn of the century, and remained in European waters until 1914, when they were removed from active service.", "They were reduced to secondary roles—\"Irene\" was used as a submarine tender and \"Prinzess Wilhelm\" was hulked—and continued to serve until the early 1920s, when they were sold for scrap.", "\"Kaiserin Augusta\" was a unique protected cruiser built for the German Navy in the early 1890s.", "She was laid down at the Germaniawerft shipyard in 1890, launched in January 1892, and completed in November of that year.", "\"Kaiserin Augusta\" was designed to serve both as a fleet scout and a colonial cruiser due to budgetary limitations.", "As built, the ship was armed with a main battery of four 15 cm K L/30 and eight SK L/35 guns, though by 1896 they were replaced with twelve newer 15 cm SK L/35 guns.", "She was the first ship in the German Navy to feature a three-shaft propeller arrangement.", "The ship had significant stability problems, shipped excessive quantities of water in a head sea, and maneuvered poorly.\n\"Kaiserin Augusta\" served on foreign stations between 1897 and 1902, primarily in the East Asia Squadron.", "While in Chinese waters in 1900, the ship's crew assisted in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion.", "She returned to Germany in 1902 for an extensive overhaul that lasted until 1907, after which she went into reserve.", "Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, \"Kaiserin Augusta\" was mobilized to serve as a gunnery training ship.", "She served in this role throughout the war; the ship was ultimately sold for scrapping in October 1919 and broken up the following year.", "The \"Victoria Louise\" class was the last class of protected cruisers built for the German Navy.", "The class design introduced the combined clipper and ram bow and the blocky sides that typified later German armored cruisers.", "The class comprised five vessels: the lead ship , , , , and .", "The ships were laid down in 1895 and 1896, launched in 1897 and 1898, and commissioned into the fleet over the following year.", "Problems with the Niclausse boilers installed on \"Vineta\" prompted the Navy to standardize boiler types in future warships; from then on, only Schulz-Thornycroft or Marine type boilers would be used.", "All five ships were armed with a main battery of two 21 cm SK L/40 guns and eight 15 cm SK L/40 guns.", "The ships of the class served in various units in the German fleet, including on the America Station, in the East Asia Squadron, and with the home fleet.", "\"Hertha\" and \"Hansa\" participated in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900, and \"Vineta\" was involved in the Venezuela Crisis of 1902–1903.", "All five ships were modernized between 1905 and 1911, after which they served as training ships for naval cadets.", "They were mobilized into the 5th Scouting Group at the outbreak of World War I, but were quickly withdrawn from front-line service.", "They served in various secondary roles for the rest of the war.", "Afterward, \"Victoria Louise\" was converted into a merchant ship, but was broken up in 1923.", "The other four ships were scrapped in 1920 and 1921." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ "The German Imperial Navy () built a series of protected cruisers in the 1880s and 1890s, starting with the two ships of the .", "The Navy only completed two additional classes of protected cruisers, comprising six more ships: the unique , and the five ships.", "The protected cruiser designs generally copied developments in foreign navies.", "participated in the seizure of the Kiautschou Bay concession in November 1897, which was used as the primary base for the East Asia Squadron.", "All eight ships were broken up for scrap in the early 1920s." ]

[ "The \"Irene\" class was the first protected cruiser design built by the German Imperial Navy.", "Built between 1886 and 1889 at the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin and the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, the class comprised two ships, and .", "As built, the ships were armed with a main battery of fourteen breech-loading guns, of which four were L/30 models and ten shorter L/22 guns.", "They had a top speed of .", "They were modernized in 1899–1905, and their armament was upgraded with new, SK L/35 quick-firing guns.", "Both ships served in the East Asia station with the East Asia Squadron; \"Prinzess Wilhelm\" played a major role in the seizure of the Kiautschou Bay concession in November 1897, under command of Admiral Otto von Diederichs.", "The two ships were sent to safeguard German interests in the Philippines after the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War.", "There, \"Irene\"s presence caused tensions with the American squadron occupying the islands.", "Both ships returned to Germany at the turn of the century, and remained in European waters until 1914, when they were removed from active service.", "They were reduced to secondary roles—\"Irene\" was used as a submarine tender and \"Prinzess Wilhelm\" was hulked—and continued to serve until the early 1920s, when they were sold for scrap.", "\"Kaiserin Augusta\" was a unique protected cruiser built for the German Navy in the early 1890s.", "She was laid down at the Germaniawerft shipyard in 1890, launched in January 1892, and completed in November of that year.", "\"Kaiserin Augusta\" was designed to serve both as a fleet scout and a colonial cruiser due to budgetary limitations.", "As built, the ship was armed with a main battery of four 15 cm K L/30 and eight SK L/35 guns, though by 1896 they were replaced with twelve newer 15 cm SK L/35 guns.", "She was the first ship in the German Navy to feature a three-shaft propeller arrangement.", "The ship had significant stability problems, shipped excessive quantities of water in a head sea, and maneuvered poorly.\n\"Kaiserin Augusta\" served on foreign stations between 1897 and 1902, primarily in the East Asia Squadron.", "While in Chinese waters in 1900, the ship's crew assisted in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion.", "She returned to Germany in 1902 for an extensive overhaul that lasted until 1907, after which she went into reserve.", "Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, \"Kaiserin Augusta\" was mobilized to serve as a gunnery training ship.", "She served in this role throughout the war; the ship was ultimately sold for scrapping in October 1919 and broken up the following year.", "The \"Victoria Louise\" class was the last class of protected cruisers built for the German Navy.", "The class design introduced the combined clipper and ram bow and the blocky sides that typified later German armored cruisers.", "The class comprised five vessels: the lead ship , , , , and .", "The ships were laid down in 1895 and 1896, launched in 1897 and 1898, and commissioned into the fleet over the following year.", "Problems with the Niclausse boilers installed on \"Vineta\" prompted the Navy to standardize boiler types in future warships; from then on, only Schulz-Thornycroft or Marine type boilers would be used.", "All five ships were armed with a main battery of two 21 cm SK L/40 guns and eight 15 cm SK L/40 guns.", "The ships of the class served in various units in the German fleet, including on the America Station, in the East Asia Squadron, and with the home fleet.", "\"Hertha\" and \"Hansa\" participated in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900, and \"Vineta\" was involved in the Venezuela Crisis of 1902–1903.", "All five ships were modernized between 1905 and 1911, after which they served as training ships for naval cadets.", "They were mobilized into the 5th Scouting Group at the outbreak of World War I, but were quickly withdrawn from front-line service.", "They served in various secondary roles for the rest of the war.", "Afterward, \"Victoria Louise\" was converted into a merchant ship, but was broken up in 1923.", "The other four ships were scrapped in 1920 and 1921." ]

[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ]

[ "The German Imperial Navy () built a series of protected cruisers in the 1880s and 1890s, starting with the two ships of the .", "The Navy only completed two additional classes of protected cruisers, comprising six more ships: the unique , and the five ships.", "Most of the German protected cruisers served on overseas stations throughout their careers, primarily in the East Asia Squadron in the 1890s and 1900s.", "All eight ships were broken up for scrap in the early 1920s." ]

[ "Mr Nathan owned 263-265 Walworth Rd, Southwark, London before 1930, and the London County Council the road.", "It planned to widen it, encroaching on a strip of land separating his shop from the road.", "The LCC bought the freehold of the strip, but agreed he could use it until the project went ahead, and he would pay £30 a year in rent ‘until the strip of land is needed for road-widening’.", "But by 1988 the road had not been widened and the London Residuary Body (LRB), successor of the LCC held it.", "Prudential Assurance Ltd now held numbers 263-265.\nLRB pleaded that it could end Prudential's right to use its strip (whereby Prudential paid £30 a year); arguing either the lease it granted in 1930 was invalid or that if the court were to uphold some novel form of limitless tenancy it should be deemed capable of ending (termination) on a year's notice either way.", "Prudential plead it had a valid limitless tenancy/lease and strictly (outside of say compulsory purchase for wider development)", "the LRB could only get possession if needed to widen the road.", "Prudential pointed to the estimated loss/gain of trade from its units £10,000 a year if customers could not cross it.", "This was the amount of money which LRB might be able to charge it so as to continue to operate its adjoining shop, having a ransom strip if the lease was found to be completely void.", "Prudential stressed if Nathan had known he would need to pay a market rate access charge to continue to enjoy the pavement/front yard he would never had sold it to the local authority.", "Prudential begged the court to amend the common law rules rather than rely on the possibility the Law Commission may one day amend it to deal with this unsatisfactory outcome (the voidness of leases not expiring by the effluxion of time).", "Millett J found in favour of Prudential.", "LRB used the leapfrog procedure to go directly to the House of Lords, as it wished to challenge the Court of Appeal cases, \"In re Midland Railway Co’s Agreement\" and \"Ashburn Anstalt v Arnold\".", "The Court, unanimously, led by Lord Templeman held the tenancy was too uncertain to be effective, and thus had not created a binding lease.", "Lord Browne-Wilkinson agreed but noted that any successor in title for Mr Nathan would no longer automatically have land that faced the road, which is of commercial importance on such a main road.", "Nothing could be more unsatisfactory.", "The Law Commission should look to amend the law.", "Lord Mustill agreed with Lord Browne-Wilkinson completely.", "\"Lace v Chantler\"", "[1944] KB 368, EWCA", "\"Mexfield Housing Co-operative Ltd v Berrisford\"", "[2011] UKSC 52" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]

[ "Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v London Residuary Body [1991] UKHL 10 is an English land law case, confirming and explaining the requirements of certainty of duration of any lease." ]

[ "Born in Cambridge, Ontario, she attended Villanova University and represented the Villanova Wildcats in college athletics.", "In NCAA competition, she won three individual titles: in 1998 she won the NCAA indoor title in the mile run and the outdoor title over 1500 meters, then took another indoor mile title in 2000.", "She received NCAA All-America honours on nine occasions and was highly successful in the regional Big East Conference, taking fifteen individual championship victories for the Wildcats.", "She graduated with a major in education at the end of 2000.", "From 2000 to 2008 she served as a volunteer assistant coach for Villanova.\nDouma-Hussar made her international debut for Canada the following year at the 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, placing 69th in the short race.", "She improved upon this at the 2002 short race with a 53rd-place finish.", "In the 2002 track season she improved her indoor mile best to 4:38.02 minutes to win at the Gator Invitational then set an outdoor best of 4:37.55 minutes in Falmouth.", "She also set a 1500 m best of 4:14.60 minutes at the Georgia Tech Invitational.", "She was 37th at the 2003 World Cross Country and greatly improved her track bests.", "She was third in the mile at both the New Balance Games and Boston Indoor Games, setting a best of 4:35.94 minutes.", "She won the 1500 m at the Harry Jerome Classic with a new personal record of 4:08.09 minutes and won the national title in that event a month later.", "The 2004 season proved to be a breakout year for Douma-Hussar.", "She had her best cross country finish at the 2004 World Championships, where her 17th place helped a Canadian team including Émilie Mondor, Malindi Elmore and Tina Connelly take the bronze medal in the short race.", "She won the 1500 m at the Boston Indoor Games and the Millrose Games and gained selection for the event at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "She made it to the final and ran a Canadian indoor record time of 4:08.18 minutes to take the silver medal behind Kutre Dulecha.", "She focused solely on the 1500 m track event and travelled to compete on the European outdoor track and field circuit.", "She won at the FBK Games in the Netherlands with a personal best of 4:04.85 minutes and was runner-up at the London Grand Prix.", "She was second at the national championships and was selected for the Canadian Olympic team for the first time.", "Her form peaked at the 2004 Athens Olympics as she made it to the final and ran a personal record time of 4:02.31 minutes to take ninth place.", "She ended the season with a fifth-place finish at the 2005 IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She began 2005 by breaking her second national record: her winning run of 4:28.43 minutes in New York was a Canadian indoor record for the mile.", "She also won the mile at the Millrose Games.", "Douma-Hussar was Canada's best performer at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, coming 25th in the short race.", "She won the 1500 m outdoor national title and went on to take ninth place at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics.", "Two weeks after the final she ran a life-time best of 4:02.29 minutes at the Rieti Meeting.", "At the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final she ran in both the 1500 m and the 3000 meters, coming fourth in the former event and setting a best of 8:53.83 minutes in the latter.", "In her first major road outing, she won the women's title at the Fifth Avenue Mile in September ahead of Amy Rudolph.", "After two indoor wins over the mile in Boston and New York, she headed to Australia and won the 1500 m at the Melbourne Track Classic.", "However, she was not in peak form for the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in the city that month and she lost out in a tactical 1500 m, coming in fifth place.", "In the final short race to be held at the 2006 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, she managed 22nd place and the removal of the event from future programmes brought an end to Douma-Hussar's participation at the competition.", "On the outdoor track circuit she had a season's best of 4:03.82 for the 1500 m at the Meeting Gaz de France in Paris and won the national title.", "She was seventh in the event at the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final and sixth at the 2006 IAAF World Cup.", "In 2007, with a year's best run of 4:05.91 minutes, she was chosen for the 2007 World Championships in Athletics, but was eliminated in the first round.", "Despite this disappointment, she ran a lifetime best of 4:26.76 minutes for the mile two weeks later at the Memorial Van Damme in Belgium and came sixth at the 2007 IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She also had her second career win at the Fifth Avenue Mile.", "Douma-Hussar defeated Korene Hinds to lift the women's title at the 2008 NACAC Cross Country Championships and won at the Emerald Nuts Midnight Run, but she missed out on the Olympics as her track performances began to decline (she had season's bests of 4:09.61 min for the 1500 m and 4:36.29 min for the mile).", "She became pregnant in late 2008 and gave birth to her first daughter (Pippa) in June 2009.", "She returned to action in 2010 and began to compete in longer distance races.", "She won the Canadian 10K road title in October.", "She still had success on the indoor track in 2011 with runner-up finishes in the 1500 m and mile at the Millrose Games, Boston Indoor Games and New Balance Games." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 ]

[ "Carmen Douma-Hussar (born March 12, 1977) is a Canadian middle-distance runner.", "She was the silver medalist in the 1500 m at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "Douma-Hussar was a 1500 m finalist at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2005 World Championships in Athletics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games.", "She represented Canada in the short race at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships six times between 2001 and 2006.", "Her best performance of 17th in 2004 brought Canada the team bronze medal.", "She has also competed at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics, the 2006 IAAF World Cup and four editions of the IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She was a three-time NCAA champion while studying at Villanova University." ]

[ "Born in Cambridge, Ontario, she attended Villanova University and represented the Villanova Wildcats in college athletics.", "In NCAA competition, she won three individual titles: in 1998 she won the NCAA indoor title in the mile run and the outdoor title over 1500 meters, then took another indoor mile title in 2000.", "She received NCAA All-America honours on nine occasions and was highly successful in the regional Big East Conference, taking fifteen individual championship victories for the Wildcats.", "She graduated with a major in education at the end of 2000.", "From 2000 to 2008 she served as a volunteer assistant coach for Villanova.\nDouma-Hussar made her international debut for Canada the following year at the 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, placing 69th in the short race.", "She improved upon this at the 2002 short race with a 53rd-place finish.", "In the 2002 track season she improved her indoor mile best to 4:38.02 minutes to win at the Gator Invitational then set an outdoor best of 4:37.55 minutes in Falmouth.", "She also set a 1500 m best of 4:14.60 minutes at the Georgia Tech Invitational.", "She was 37th at the 2003 World Cross Country and greatly improved her track bests.", "She was third in the mile at both the New Balance Games and Boston Indoor Games, setting a best of 4:35.94 minutes.", "She won the 1500 m at the Harry Jerome Classic with a new personal record of 4:08.09 minutes and won the national title in that event a month later.", "The 2004 season proved to be a breakout year for Douma-Hussar.", "She had her best cross country finish at the 2004 World Championships, where her 17th place helped a Canadian team including Émilie Mondor, Malindi Elmore and Tina Connelly take the bronze medal in the short race.", "She won the 1500 m at the Boston Indoor Games and the Millrose Games and gained selection for the event at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "She made it to the final and ran a Canadian indoor record time of 4:08.18 minutes to take the silver medal behind Kutre Dulecha.", "She focused solely on the 1500 m track event and travelled to compete on the European outdoor track and field circuit.", "She won at the FBK Games in the Netherlands with a personal best of 4:04.85 minutes and was runner-up at the London Grand Prix.", "She was second at the national championships and was selected for the Canadian Olympic team for the first time.", "Her form peaked at the 2004 Athens Olympics as she made it to the final and ran a personal record time of 4:02.31 minutes to take ninth place.", "She ended the season with a fifth-place finish at the 2005 IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She began 2005 by breaking her second national record: her winning run of 4:28.43 minutes in New York was a Canadian indoor record for the mile.", "She also won the mile at the Millrose Games.", "Douma-Hussar was Canada's best performer at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, coming 25th in the short race.", "She won the 1500 m outdoor national title and went on to take ninth place at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics.", "Two weeks after the final she ran a life-time best of 4:02.29 minutes at the Rieti Meeting.", "At the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final she ran in both the 1500 m and the 3000 meters, coming fourth in the former event and setting a best of 8:53.83 minutes in the latter.", "In her first major road outing, she won the women's title at the Fifth Avenue Mile in September ahead of Amy Rudolph.", "After two indoor wins over the mile in Boston and New York, she headed to Australia and won the 1500 m at the Melbourne Track Classic.", "However, she was not in peak form for the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in the city that month and she lost out in a tactical 1500 m, coming in fifth place.", "In the final short race to be held at the 2006 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, she managed 22nd place and the removal of the event from future programmes brought an end to Douma-Hussar's participation at the competition.", "On the outdoor track circuit she had a season's best of 4:03.82 for the 1500 m at the Meeting Gaz de France in Paris and won the national title.", "She was seventh in the event at the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final and sixth at the 2006 IAAF World Cup.", "In 2007, with a year's best run of 4:05.91 minutes, she was chosen for the 2007 World Championships in Athletics, but was eliminated in the first round.", "Despite this disappointment, she ran a lifetime best of 4:26.76 minutes for the mile two weeks later at the Memorial Van Damme in Belgium and came sixth at the 2007 IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She also had her second career win at the Fifth Avenue Mile.", "Douma-Hussar defeated Korene Hinds to lift the women's title at the 2008 NACAC Cross Country Championships and won at the Emerald Nuts Midnight Run, but she missed out on the Olympics as her track performances began to decline (she had season's bests of 4:09.61 min for the 1500 m and 4:36.29 min for the mile).", "She became pregnant in late 2008 and gave birth to her first daughter (Pippa) in June 2009.", "She returned to action in 2010 and began to compete in longer distance races.", "She won the Canadian 10K road title in October.", "She still had success on the indoor track in 2011 with runner-up finishes in the 1500 m and mile at the Millrose Games, Boston Indoor Games and New Balance Games." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "She represented Canada in the short race at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships six times between 2001 and 2006.", "She was a three-time NCAA champion while studying at Villanova University." ]

[ "Born in Cambridge, Ontario, she attended Villanova University and represented the Villanova Wildcats in college athletics.", "In NCAA competition, she won three individual titles: in 1998 she won the NCAA indoor title in the mile run and the outdoor title over 1500 meters, then took another indoor mile title in 2000.", "She received NCAA All-America honours on nine occasions and was highly successful in the regional Big East Conference, taking fifteen individual championship victories for the Wildcats.", "She graduated with a major in education at the end of 2000.", "From 2000 to 2008 she served as a volunteer assistant coach for Villanova.\nDouma-Hussar made her international debut for Canada the following year at the 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, placing 69th in the short race.", "She improved upon this at the 2002 short race with a 53rd-place finish.", "In the 2002 track season she improved her indoor mile best to 4:38.02 minutes to win at the Gator Invitational then set an outdoor best of 4:37.55 minutes in Falmouth.", "She also set a 1500 m best of 4:14.60 minutes at the Georgia Tech Invitational.", "She was 37th at the 2003 World Cross Country and greatly improved her track bests.", "She was third in the mile at both the New Balance Games and Boston Indoor Games, setting a best of 4:35.94 minutes.", "She won the 1500 m at the Harry Jerome Classic with a new personal record of 4:08.09 minutes and won the national title in that event a month later.", "The 2004 season proved to be a breakout year for Douma-Hussar.", "She had her best cross country finish at the 2004 World Championships, where her 17th place helped a Canadian team including Émilie Mondor, Malindi Elmore and Tina Connelly take the bronze medal in the short race.", "She won the 1500 m at the Boston Indoor Games and the Millrose Games and gained selection for the event at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "She made it to the final and ran a Canadian indoor record time of 4:08.18 minutes to take the silver medal behind Kutre Dulecha.", "She focused solely on the 1500 m track event and travelled to compete on the European outdoor track and field circuit.", "She won at the FBK Games in the Netherlands with a personal best of 4:04.85 minutes and was runner-up at the London Grand Prix.", "She was second at the national championships and was selected for the Canadian Olympic team for the first time.", "Her form peaked at the 2004 Athens Olympics as she made it to the final and ran a personal record time of 4:02.31 minutes to take ninth place.", "She ended the season with a fifth-place finish at the 2005 IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She began 2005 by breaking her second national record: her winning run of 4:28.43 minutes in New York was a Canadian indoor record for the mile.", "She also won the mile at the Millrose Games.", "Douma-Hussar was Canada's best performer at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, coming 25th in the short race.", "She won the 1500 m outdoor national title and went on to take ninth place at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics.", "Two weeks after the final she ran a life-time best of 4:02.29 minutes at the Rieti Meeting.", "At the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final she ran in both the 1500 m and the 3000 meters, coming fourth in the former event and setting a best of 8:53.83 minutes in the latter.", "In her first major road outing, she won the women's title at the Fifth Avenue Mile in September ahead of Amy Rudolph.", "After two indoor wins over the mile in Boston and New York, she headed to Australia and won the 1500 m at the Melbourne Track Classic.", "However, she was not in peak form for the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in the city that month and she lost out in a tactical 1500 m, coming in fifth place.", "In the final short race to be held at the 2006 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, she managed 22nd place and the removal of the event from future programmes brought an end to Douma-Hussar's participation at the competition.", "On the outdoor track circuit she had a season's best of 4:03.82 for the 1500 m at the Meeting Gaz de France in Paris and won the national title.", "She was seventh in the event at the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final and sixth at the 2006 IAAF World Cup.", "In 2007, with a year's best run of 4:05.91 minutes, she was chosen for the 2007 World Championships in Athletics, but was eliminated in the first round.", "Despite this disappointment, she ran a lifetime best of 4:26.76 minutes for the mile two weeks later at the Memorial Van Damme in Belgium and came sixth at the 2007 IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She also had her second career win at the Fifth Avenue Mile.", "Douma-Hussar defeated Korene Hinds to lift the women's title at the 2008 NACAC Cross Country Championships and won at the Emerald Nuts Midnight Run, but she missed out on the Olympics as her track performances began to decline (she had season's bests of 4:09.61 min for the 1500 m and 4:36.29 min for the mile).", "She became pregnant in late 2008 and gave birth to her first daughter (Pippa) in June 2009.", "She returned to action in 2010 and began to compete in longer distance races.", "She won the Canadian 10K road title in October.", "She still had success on the indoor track in 2011 with runner-up finishes in the 1500 m and mile at the Millrose Games, Boston Indoor Games and New Balance Games." ]

[ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 ]

[ "She was the silver medalist in the 1500 m at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "Douma-Hussar was a 1500 m finalist at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2005 World Championships in Athletics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games.", "Her best performance of 17th in 2004 brought Canada the team bronze medal." ]

[ "Born in Cambridge, Ontario, she attended Villanova University and represented the Villanova Wildcats in college athletics.", "In NCAA competition, she won three individual titles: in 1998 she won the NCAA indoor title in the mile run and the outdoor title over 1500 meters, then took another indoor mile title in 2000.", "She received NCAA All-America honours on nine occasions and was highly successful in the regional Big East Conference, taking fifteen individual championship victories for the Wildcats.", "She graduated with a major in education at the end of 2000.", "From 2000 to 2008 she served as a volunteer assistant coach for Villanova.\nDouma-Hussar made her international debut for Canada the following year at the 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, placing 69th in the short race.", "She improved upon this at the 2002 short race with a 53rd-place finish.", "In the 2002 track season she improved her indoor mile best to 4:38.02 minutes to win at the Gator Invitational then set an outdoor best of 4:37.55 minutes in Falmouth.", "She also set a 1500 m best of 4:14.60 minutes at the Georgia Tech Invitational.", "She was 37th at the 2003 World Cross Country and greatly improved her track bests.", "She was third in the mile at both the New Balance Games and Boston Indoor Games, setting a best of 4:35.94 minutes.", "She won the 1500 m at the Harry Jerome Classic with a new personal record of 4:08.09 minutes and won the national title in that event a month later.", "The 2004 season proved to be a breakout year for Douma-Hussar.", "She had her best cross country finish at the 2004 World Championships, where her 17th place helped a Canadian team including Émilie Mondor, Malindi Elmore and Tina Connelly take the bronze medal in the short race.", "She won the 1500 m at the Boston Indoor Games and the Millrose Games and gained selection for the event at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "She made it to the final and ran a Canadian indoor record time of 4:08.18 minutes to take the silver medal behind Kutre Dulecha.", "She focused solely on the 1500 m track event and travelled to compete on the European outdoor track and field circuit.", "She won at the FBK Games in the Netherlands with a personal best of 4:04.85 minutes and was runner-up at the London Grand Prix.", "She was second at the national championships and was selected for the Canadian Olympic team for the first time.", "Her form peaked at the 2004 Athens Olympics as she made it to the final and ran a personal record time of 4:02.31 minutes to take ninth place.", "She ended the season with a fifth-place finish at the 2005 IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She began 2005 by breaking her second national record: her winning run of 4:28.43 minutes in New York was a Canadian indoor record for the mile.", "She also won the mile at the Millrose Games.", "Douma-Hussar was Canada's best performer at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, coming 25th in the short race.", "She won the 1500 m outdoor national title and went on to take ninth place at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics.", "Two weeks after the final she ran a life-time best of 4:02.29 minutes at the Rieti Meeting.", "At the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final she ran in both the 1500 m and the 3000 meters, coming fourth in the former event and setting a best of 8:53.83 minutes in the latter.", "In her first major road outing, she won the women's title at the Fifth Avenue Mile in September ahead of Amy Rudolph.", "After two indoor wins over the mile in Boston and New York, she headed to Australia and won the 1500 m at the Melbourne Track Classic.", "However, she was not in peak form for the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in the city that month and she lost out in a tactical 1500 m, coming in fifth place.", "In the final short race to be held at the 2006 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, she managed 22nd place and the removal of the event from future programmes brought an end to Douma-Hussar's participation at the competition.", "On the outdoor track circuit she had a season's best of 4:03.82 for the 1500 m at the Meeting Gaz de France in Paris and won the national title.", "She was seventh in the event at the 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final and sixth at the 2006 IAAF World Cup.", "In 2007, with a year's best run of 4:05.91 minutes, she was chosen for the 2007 World Championships in Athletics, but was eliminated in the first round.", "Despite this disappointment, she ran a lifetime best of 4:26.76 minutes for the mile two weeks later at the Memorial Van Damme in Belgium and came sixth at the 2007 IAAF World Athletics Final.", "She also had her second career win at the Fifth Avenue Mile.", "Douma-Hussar defeated Korene Hinds to lift the women's title at the 2008 NACAC Cross Country Championships and won at the Emerald Nuts Midnight Run, but she missed out on the Olympics as her track performances began to decline (she had season's bests of 4:09.61 min for the 1500 m and 4:36.29 min for the mile).", "She became pregnant in late 2008 and gave birth to her first daughter (Pippa) in June 2009.", "She returned to action in 2010 and began to compete in longer distance races.", "She won the Canadian 10K road title in October.", "She still had success on the indoor track in 2011 with runner-up finishes in the 1500 m and mile at the Millrose Games, Boston Indoor Games and New Balance Games." ]

[ 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 ]

[ "She has also competed at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics, the 2006 IAAF World Cup and four editions of the IAAF World Athletics Final." ]

[ "Grand Central was founded in 1989 by Gwyneth Bassetti in Seattle, beginning the local artisan bread movement in that city.", "Her son later opened Grand Central Bakery's first Portland location in 1993 on SE Hawthorne Boulevard.", "The company has grown to about 370 employees since then.", "Today, Grand Central Bakery has 11 cafes and two wholesale bakeries in the Portland and Seattle areas.", "It sells its baked goods in dozens of retailers across the Pacific Northwest.", "As of June 2018, Claire Randall has been Grand Central's CEO.", "Grand Central's head baker is Mel Darbyshire, overseeing the company's bread production in Seattle and Portland.", "Grand Central has four shops in greater Seattle, in the Eastlake, Wedgwood and Wallingford neighborhoods as well is in Burien.", "In Portland, they have shops in the Hawthorne, Woodstock, Beaumont Village, Multnomah Village, Sellwood and Mississippi district neighborhoods as well as in Cedar Mill, an unincorporated area in Northwest Portland.", "They plan to open a shop in Hillsboro, just outside Portland, in 2023.", "In a move designed to shield the 33-year-old company from any future sale and protect its mission in perpetuity, Grand Central Bakery announced plans in May 2022 to create a Perpetual Purpose Trust, a new type of corporate structure.", "As a Purpose Trust the bakery will no longer be owned by family and longtime employees but by the trust, which will preserve independence, values, mission and company culture.", "References" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "Grand Central Bakery is an American bakery chain with locations in Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington and their metropolitan areas.", "It was founded in Seattle's Grand Central Hotel building, originally as The Bakery and later becoming Grand Central Bakery.", "The bakery is known for its artisan breads." ]

[ "Grand Central was founded in 1989 by Gwyneth Bassetti in Seattle, beginning the local artisan bread movement in that city.", "Her son later opened Grand Central Bakery's first Portland location in 1993 on SE Hawthorne Boulevard.", "The company has grown to about 370 employees since then.", "Today, Grand Central Bakery has 11 cafes and two wholesale bakeries in the Portland and Seattle areas.", "It sells its baked goods in dozens of retailers across the Pacific Northwest.", "As of June 2018, Claire Randall has been Grand Central's CEO.", "Grand Central's head baker is Mel Darbyshire, overseeing the company's bread production in Seattle and Portland.", "Grand Central has four shops in greater Seattle, in the Eastlake, Wedgwood and Wallingford neighborhoods as well is in Burien.", "In Portland, they have shops in the Hawthorne, Woodstock, Beaumont Village, Multnomah Village, Sellwood and Mississippi district neighborhoods as well as in Cedar Mill, an unincorporated area in Northwest Portland.", "They plan to open a shop in Hillsboro, just outside Portland, in 2023.", "In a move designed to shield the 33-year-old company from any future sale and protect its mission in perpetuity, Grand Central Bakery announced plans in May 2022 to create a Perpetual Purpose Trust, a new type of corporate structure.", "As a Purpose Trust the bakery will no longer be owned by family and longtime employees but by the trust, which will preserve independence, values, mission and company culture.", "References" ]

[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]

[ "Grand Central Baking Company d.b.a." ]

[ "The ELM327 abstracts the low-level protocol and presents a simple interface that can be called via a UART, typically by a hand-held diagnostic tool or a computer program connected by USB, RS-232, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.", "New applications include smartphones.", "There are a large number of programs available that connect to the ELM327.", "The function of such software may include supplementary vehicle instrumentation, reporting and clearing of error codes.", "ELM327 Functions:", "The protocols supported by ELM327 are:", "The ELM327 command set is similar to the Hayes AT commands.", "The ELM327 is a PIC microcontroller that has been customized with ELM Electronics' proprietary code that implements the testing protocols.", "When ELM Electronics sold version 1.0 of its ELM327, it did not enable the copy protection feature of the PIC microcontroller.", "Consequently, anyone who had bought a genuine ELM327-v1.0 could use a device programmer to read ELM's proprietary microcontroller firmware as a binary blob.", "Pirates could trivially produce an ELM327 clone by purchasing the same microcontroller chip and programming it with the copied blob.", "ELM327 copies were widely sold in devices claiming to contain an ELM327 device, and problems have been reported with the copies.", "The problems reflect bugs that were present in ELM's version 1.0 microcode; those making the clones may continue to sell the old version.", "Although these copies may contain the ELM327 v1.0 code, they may falsely report the version number as the current version provided by the genuine ELM327, and in some cases report an as-yet non-existent version.", "Released software versions for the ELM327 are 1.0, 1.0a, 1.1, 1.2, 1.2a, 1.3, 1.3a, 1.4, 1.4b, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 only.", "The actual functions of these copies are nonetheless limited to the functions of the original ELM327 v1.0, with their inherent deficiencies.", "v1.0\nInitial public release, the ELM327 v1.0 supported:\n– SAEJ1850 PWM and VPW,-\n– ISO 9141-2 (10.4 and 9.6 kbps),\n– ISO 14230-4 (10.4 and 9.6 kbps),\n– ISO 15765-4 CAN (250 and 500 kbps)-", "The RS232 baud rates were only 9.6 kbps or 38.4 kbps\nv1.0a\n– J1850 VPW timing adjustment for some ’99 – ’00 GM trucks.", "v1.1\n– Introduced Programmable Parameters\n– Added Flow Control commands\nv1.2\n– RS232 baud rates are adjustable to 500 kbps\n– Programmable Parameters can be reset with a jumper\n– Introduced Adaptive Timing\n– Added SAE J1939 support (protocol A)\n– Added user defined CAN protocols B and C\n– Modified KWP protocols to allow four byte headers\nv1.2a\n– Changed error detection to catch KWP 4 byte headers if no data or checksum\n– Added check to prevent CAN mask corruption on certain Flow Control sends\nv1.3\n– Adaptive Timing tuned a little differently\n– Several J1939 improvements\n– New CAN CRA commands to help setting masks and filters\n– New CAN D0/D1 commands for printing of message dlc\n– New CAN RTR command for sending same\n– Added space character control in responses\n– New STOPPED message for user interrupts during searches\n– Introduced LV RESET message for resets from low voltage\n– New @2 and @3 commands for storing of unique identifier\n– Added ability to state the number of responses desired\nv1.3a (still available)\n– Added wiring checks for when the J1962 CAN pins are used for other functions\nv1.4\n– Added Low Power mode (‘sleep’ function)\n– Added extended addressing mode for CAN protocols\n– Added 4800 baud ISO 9141 and ISO 14230 support\n– Allow manual control over ISO 9141 and ISO 14230 initiation\n– Provided a single EEPROM byte for user data storage\n– All interrupts now say STOPPED (not just when searching)\n– Many new Programmable Parameters and additions\nv1.4a\nElm Electronics never made a v1.4a\nv1.4b (no longer available)\n– New CSM command to have active or passive CAN monitoring\n– New CRA command to quickly reset changed masks and filters\n– Several SAE J1939 updates\nv1.5\nElm Electronics never made a v1.5\nv2.0\n– New Activity Monitor watches OBD pins\n– Wake from Low Power now retains settings\n– AT CRAs accept ‘don’t care’s (X’s)\n– New PP’s provide extensive ISO/KWP control\n– Increased the RS232", "Tx buffer to 512 bytes\n– Brownout reset voltage reduced to 2.8V\nv2.1\n– Speed increases\n– Processes ‘Response Pending’ (7F xx 78) replies\n– CAN searches now measure frequency and require a match\nv2.2\n– AT CS command now shows CAN frequency\n– Added 12500 and 15625 bps ISO/KWP baud rates\n– New AT CER hh command allows defining the CEA Rx address\n– New IFR modes 4,5,6 control J1850 IFR sending while monitoring\n– Added PP 1F to allow KWP length to include the checksum byte\n– Increased PP19 from 31 to 4F\nv2.3 (latest release)\n– New AT FT command adds another layer of filtering\n– Added three CAN Flow Control modes for experimenters\n– Response Pending now works with CAN Extended Addressing\n– New AT IA, and C0/C1 commands\n– Better noise tolerance on RS232 Rx\nSlightly more detailed changes may be viewed in their latest datasheet in the Version History chapter (pag. 94-95)." ]

[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "The original ELM327 is implemented on the PIC18F2480 microcontroller from Microchip Technology.", "ELM327 is one of a family of OBD translators from ELM Electronics." ]

[ "The ELM327 abstracts the low-level protocol and presents a simple interface that can be called via a UART, typically by a hand-held diagnostic tool or a computer program connected by USB, RS-232, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.", "New applications include smartphones.", "There are a large number of programs available that connect to the ELM327.", "The function of such software may include supplementary vehicle instrumentation, reporting and clearing of error codes.", "ELM327 Functions:", "The protocols supported by ELM327 are:", "The ELM327 command set is similar to the Hayes AT commands.", "The ELM327 is a PIC microcontroller that has been customized with ELM Electronics' proprietary code that implements the testing protocols.", "When ELM Electronics sold version 1.0 of its ELM327, it did not enable the copy protection feature of the PIC microcontroller.", "Consequently, anyone who had bought a genuine ELM327-v1.0 could use a device programmer to read ELM's proprietary microcontroller firmware as a binary blob.", "Pirates could trivially produce an ELM327 clone by purchasing the same microcontroller chip and programming it with the copied blob.", "ELM327 copies were widely sold in devices claiming to contain an ELM327 device, and problems have been reported with the copies.", "The problems reflect bugs that were present in ELM's version 1.0 microcode; those making the clones may continue to sell the old version.", "Although these copies may contain the ELM327 v1.0 code, they may falsely report the version number as the current version provided by the genuine ELM327, and in some cases report an as-yet non-existent version.", "Released software versions for the ELM327 are 1.0, 1.0a, 1.1, 1.2, 1.2a, 1.3, 1.3a, 1.4, 1.4b, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 only.", "The actual functions of these copies are nonetheless limited to the functions of the original ELM327 v1.0, with their inherent deficiencies.", "v1.0\nInitial public release, the ELM327 v1.0 supported:\n– SAEJ1850 PWM and VPW,-\n– ISO 9141-2 (10.4 and 9.6 kbps),\n– ISO 14230-4 (10.4 and 9.6 kbps),\n– ISO 15765-4 CAN (250 and 500 kbps)-", "The RS232 baud rates were only 9.6 kbps or 38.4 kbps\nv1.0a\n– J1850 VPW timing adjustment for some ’99 – ’00 GM trucks.", "v1.1\n– Introduced Programmable Parameters\n– Added Flow Control commands\nv1.2\n– RS232 baud rates are adjustable to 500 kbps\n– Programmable Parameters can be reset with a jumper\n– Introduced Adaptive Timing\n– Added SAE J1939 support (protocol A)\n– Added user defined CAN protocols B and C\n– Modified KWP protocols to allow four byte headers\nv1.2a\n– Changed error detection to catch KWP 4 byte headers if no data or checksum\n– Added check to prevent CAN mask corruption on certain Flow Control sends\nv1.3\n– Adaptive Timing tuned a little differently\n– Several J1939 improvements\n– New CAN CRA commands to help setting masks and filters\n– New CAN D0/D1 commands for printing of message dlc\n– New CAN RTR command for sending same\n– Added space character control in responses\n– New STOPPED message for user interrupts during searches\n– Introduced LV RESET message for resets from low voltage\n– New @2 and @3 commands for storing of unique identifier\n– Added ability to state the number of responses desired\nv1.3a (still available)\n– Added wiring checks for when the J1962 CAN pins are used for other functions\nv1.4\n– Added Low Power mode (‘sleep’ function)\n– Added extended addressing mode for CAN protocols\n– Added 4800 baud ISO 9141 and ISO 14230 support\n– Allow manual control over ISO 9141 and ISO 14230 initiation\n– Provided a single EEPROM byte for user data storage\n– All interrupts now say STOPPED (not just when searching)\n– Many new Programmable Parameters and additions\nv1.4a\nElm Electronics never made a v1.4a\nv1.4b (no longer available)\n– New CSM command to have active or passive CAN monitoring\n– New CRA command to quickly reset changed masks and filters\n– Several SAE J1939 updates\nv1.5\nElm Electronics never made a v1.5\nv2.0\n– New Activity Monitor watches OBD pins\n– Wake from Low Power now retains settings\n– AT CRAs accept ‘don’t care’s (X’s)\n– New PP’s provide extensive ISO/KWP control\n– Increased the RS232", "Tx buffer to 512 bytes\n– Brownout reset voltage reduced to 2.8V\nv2.1\n– Speed increases\n– Processes ‘Response Pending’ (7F xx 78) replies\n– CAN searches now measure frequency and require a match\nv2.2\n– AT CS command now shows CAN frequency\n– Added 12500 and 15625 bps ISO/KWP baud rates\n– New AT CER hh command allows defining the CEA Rx address\n– New IFR modes 4,5,6 control J1850 IFR sending while monitoring\n– Added PP 1F to allow KWP length to include the checksum byte\n– Increased PP19 from 31 to 4F\nv2.3 (latest release)\n– New AT FT command adds another layer of filtering\n– Added three CAN Flow Control modes for experimenters\n– Response Pending now works with CAN Extended Addressing\n– New AT IA, and C0/C1 commands\n– Better noise tolerance on RS232 Rx\nSlightly more detailed changes may be viewed in their latest datasheet in the Version History chapter (pag. 94-95)." ]

[ 16, 17, 18, 19 ]

[ "ELM327 is one of a family of OBD translators from ELM Electronics." ]

[ "The image's subject is Chase's 11-year-old daughter, Dorothy, wearing a white dress with full-length sleeves, a straw hat with a green bow, a black belt, black tights, and black shoes.", "She is standing against a brown background without any detail, so the viewer's eye is focused only on her.", "Dorothy stares straight out at the viewer, engaging them.", "With a 6' canvas, \"Dorothy\" is reminiscent of full-length Baroque paintings of emperors, giving the young girl a grandiose image.", "Chase's favorite image to paint was his family, including his wife and his daughters, which are also his most well received.", "\"Dorothy\" is a painting in a series of full-length portraits Chase created of his family between 1886 and 1902.", "Chase was the founder of the Chase School, which eventually became Parsons The New School for Design, one of the most famous art schools in the United States.", "As a teacher, some of his students include Charles Demuth and Georgia O'Keeffe.", "\"Dorothy\" was purchased from the artist at the Exhibition of Indiana Art in Tomlinson Hall, in 1903, using the John Herron fund." ]

[ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "Dorothy is an oil painting by American artist William Merritt Chase." ]

[ "Born on December 7, 1904 (Meiji 37) as the eldest daughter of six siblings between her father, Seiichi Sakane (坂根清一) and her mother, Shige (志げ), who were origin in Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto.", "The mother was born in an old family “Sakuma” in Tango, but because there was no successor, Tazuko was registered as the patriarch of the Sakuma family at the age of two and became Tazuko Sakumada.", "However, Tazuko continued to use her paternal last name “Sakane” throughout her life.", "Of the six children of the couple, only the eldest son Akira and the eldest daughter Tazuko lived long.", "The family was wealthy because her father made an invention, and Tazuko progressed from Imadegawa Kindergarten (出川幼稚園) to Neutral Sale Elementary School (中立売小学校) and Kyoto Prefectural Kyoto First High School (京都府立京都第一高等女学校, currently Kyoto Prefectural Kamoen High School 京都府立鴨沂高等学校).", "The school, called “Fuichi”(府一), was a prestigious school in Kyoto.", "After graduation, she went to Doshisha Women's College English Department (同志社女子専門学校英文科, currently Doshisha Women's University 同志社女子大学) according to her desire of continuing studying.", "In 1923, Tazuko dropped out of school for reason of “convenient to do housework”, and in March of the following year, her mother died suddenly at the age of 47.", "Soon after, a woman named Daisetsu Tsuru became the second wife.", "In line with the marriage recommended by her died mother, Tazuko met with an obstetrician and gynecologist named Takaoka and married in 1925 at the age of 21.", "However, this marriage did not go well.", "Tazuko left the house and returned to her parents’ home.", "The eyes around all looked coldly at Tazuko, so she decided to be self-reliance.", "Aspiring to the film industry, she was introduced by her father in 1929 as a director assistant at Nikkatsu Dazai Photo Studio.", "Therefore, replacing her predecessor Mitsue Goda (合田光枝, sister of actress Haruko Setsuko 原節子), Tazuko worked for the director Kenji Mizoguchi (溝口健二), and obtained the friendship of Mrs. Kenji and Chieko (Chieko's real name: Kane Tajima 田島かね) .", "Since then, Tazuko had been involved in making movies as a member of Mizoguchi group, and had learned practical matters.", "When Mizoguchi left Nikkatsu in 1932 and moved to the Shinko Kinema (新興キネマへ), Tazuko was also invited to move to the company.", "(Since then Mizoguchi moved to the company, Tazuko would follow him.", "This was common because the movie industry at that time had a strong apprenticeship.)", "Mizoguchi then made “Taki no Shiraito” (1933, 滝の白糸), “Gion Festival” (1933, 祇園祭), and “Kanfuren” (1934, 神風連), and Tazuko helped him as a director assistant.", "In 1933, Irie Pro, who co-produced “Taki no Shiraito”, asked Tazuko to try to supervise, but in the end it did not happen.", "In 1934, Mizoguchi moved to Tokyo with Tazuko and joined Nikkatsu Tamagawa Photo Studio (日活多摩川撮影所) .", "Around this time, Tazuko asked again for the promotion of the director, but the reaction of the staff was so cold that it was not realized.", "It said that Tazuko was planning to make a movie for Uncle Ashiaga (足長おじさん).", "Tazuko disappointedly returned to Kyoto with the invitation by Mizoguchi, and joined the first movie he just made.", "Tazuko started living near her father in Kyoto, and served as assistant director under the Mizoguchi for “Otsukuru Osen” (折鶴お千), “Maria no Yuki” (マリヤのお雪), and “Koujaku Grass” (虞美人草, all in 1935).", "32-year-old Tazuko asked for the promotion of the director again.", "This was finally realized, and she decided to make Kosugi Tenga's original “First appearance” (はつ姿) into a movie.", "“First appearance” was written by Haruo Takayanagi and Tazuko brought that out.", "Mizoguchi also put his name to this work as a director guidance.", "The casts were Ichiro Tsukita and Chiyoko Okura.", "The movie was completed and was released on March 5, 1936.", "In this way, Tazuko Sakane became the first Japanese female film director.", "Although “First appearance” was not successful industrially and did not get a good reputation from critics, Tazuko did not give up and continued to make movies with Mizoguchi.", "In those days when the movie industry was prosperous and human resources were flowing, Mizoguchi left the first movie, whose management situation deteriorated, and moved to the Shinko Kinema, Kamo Matsu Takeshita studio.", "Tazuko followed him, and produced the “Rokugiku Monogatari” (1940, 残菊物語) and “Nanwa Onna” (1940, 浪花女).", "Mina Miguchi cast Kinyo Tanaka for the first time in “Nanwa Onna”.", "Since then, they produced excellent works in combination.", "Kinyo later became the second female film director in Japan.", "Around this time, Tazuko began to feel the distance to Mizoguchi, she wanted to do the directing again, and received Mizoguchi's recommendation and joined Riken Kagaku Film Co., Ltd (理研科学映画株式会社).", "She went to Hokkaido and filmed the documentary “North Brotherhood” (1941, 北の同胞) on the theme of Ainu life.", "Around this time, Mizoguchi's wife Chieko, who had a close relationship with Tazuko, had a mental disorder and was admitted to Kyoto Prefectural Hospital.", "On the day of Chieko's hospitalization, Mizoguchi went to the studio and continued to work, and the staff who were right there were shocked.", "Mizoguchi proposed to Tazuko during the time of Chieko's hospitalization, but of course it was not acceptable.", "In 1942, Tazuko joined the Keimin Movie Club (啓民映画部) of Manchu Film Association (満洲映画協会) in Manchuria as an immediate action.", "After arriving in Shinkyo and making a work called “Hardworking Women” (勤労の女性), Tazuko continued to make “Healthy Small National” (健康の小国民), “Bride of Pioneer” (開拓の花嫁), “Vegetable Storage” (野菜の貯蔵), “How to Burn the Heating Room” (暖房の焚き方), etc.", "While Japan was heavily defeated, Tazuko finished “Indoor Horticulture” (室内園芸), “Spring Gardening” (春の園芸), “First Aid” (救急ノ基本), “Basic Emergency Aid” (基本救急法) and so on.", "However, on August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally, and on August 20, the Soviet army arrived in Shinkyo.", "The Manchu Film Association was confiscated by the Soviet army, with no plans to return to Japan.", "Part of the staff was hired by Tohoku Denki Co., Ltd. (東北電影公司) by the Eight Route Army who was stationed in exchange for the Soviet Army, and Tazuko also got a job there.", "She was allowed to return to Japan in August 1946, and on October 21 of the same year, she and other 50 Japanese stepped through Japan from Shinkyo to Jinzhou.\nReturning to her parents’ home in Kyoto, Tazuko visited Mizoguchi at Shimokamo Photo Studio(加茂撮影所).", "Mizoguchi did not know who she was for a moment.", "Although surprised by her transformation, Mizoguchi brought Tazuko to Shochiku(松竹) again.", "However, Tazuko was unable to join as director assistant due to the struggle of power in Shochiku, and was hired as a recording staff in the editorial department.", "Even for Mizoguchi, who had a deep relationship with actress Kinyo Tanaka, while Chieko's younger brother's wife was a de facto wife, Tazuko was already a past existence and more than just a clerk.", "Mizoguchi, who had not been blessed with hits for a long time, revived with the hit of “Women of the Night” (1948, 夜の女たち).", "And in 1952, “Nishitsuru Ichijo”(西鶴一代女), filmed with Kinyo, won the director's award at the Venice International Film Festival, and immediately pushed Mizoguchi into a master of the world.", "Kinyo entered the supervisory business and directed “Koibun” (1953, 恋文) for the first time.", "It has been 17 years since the “First Appearance” taken by Tazuko.", "Mizoguchi continued to receive high acclaim for “Ametsuki Monogatari” (1953, 雨月物語) and “Yamao Daigo” (1954, 山椒大夫), and “Yang Guifei” (1955, 楊貴妃), “New·Heike Monogatari” (1955, 新·平家物語).", "He died of myeloid leukemia on August 24, 1956.", "After leaving Shochiku Kyoto Studio(松竹京都撮影所) in 1962 at the retirement age, Tazuko continued to be involved in movies in the form of part-time jobs until 1970, and died of gastric cancer on September 2, 1975, at the age of 71.", "She appeared as a collaborator in the documentary film “Record of the life of a movie director Kenji Mizoguchi”(ある映画監督の生涯 溝口健二の記録) released about four months before her death.", "Before the 1980s, the hierarchical corporate structure of the major studios was a major barrier to women entering the industry in a creative capacity, with the scant handful of those who did direct hailing from an acting background, barring the freak exception of Japan's first woman director, Sakane Tazuko who made one feature, 1936's \"Hatsu Sugata\".", "Unfortunately, no prints of the film exist.", "The first Japanese women to make films came from the circles around well-known male director Kenji Mizoguchi whose many films tended to centre on heroines.", "Mizoguchi and his films about suffering women connect with current discussions about “women's directors” and women directors.", "When dealing with this most patriarchal of national cinemas and its “feminine” qualities, questions of sexual politics arise.", "Take Mizoguchi's unmentioned (in the text) relationship with Tazuko.", "Under his patronage, Sakane became Japan's first and only female film director in the prewar period.", "Denied work after the war (on the ground that she had to have a college degree to be a director), she was forced, at age forty-two, to return to Mizoguchi as his script girl.", "Her surviving production memos, scripts, and correspondence were donated to the Museum of Kyoto in 2004 in commemoration of the centennial of her birth.", "In the Sakane collection's file for \"The Downfall of Osen\", roughly half of her records and Mizoguchi's one-page scribble of the sequence order survive.", "Situated as a minority in the film industry, Sakane was nevertheless a privileged majority member of wartime society, as a Japanese national, and as a person who had some control over the mass media.", "A large part of Sakane's experience with filmmaking came from assisting and editing films under the tutelage of Kenji Mizoguchi.", "As a woman, she was very rarely taken seriously and often belittled by the men who dominated the industry.", "Her first attempt at becoming a director was overshadowed by rumors established by colleagues who had assumed the only way she could have made this promotion possible was through \"having an affair with Mizoguchi\" and so \"Sakane's petition for promotion was eventually rejected.\"", "Similar to this experience, Sakane fell under scrutiny following her first film as a director, New Clothing(1936), in which her personal life, including intimate topics such as her virginity, was publicly criticized and shamed in an article merely in the studio's effort to gain attention.", "By adhering to colonial standards was Sakane's only choice in order to regain her position as a director in Japan.", "In doing so, she left Mizoguchi and began a project, Fellow Citizens in North(1941), under the Tokyo Riken Film Company.", "Despite being enlisted as a director in an effort to create a propagandic film that documented Japan and assertion that the country was \"one nation, one people,\" Sakane's personal intentions interfered.", "Due to wanting to maintain her personal style in spite of the colonialist assignment, Sakane created a film that documented the loss of history and native culture within Japan.", "However, she was made to fix and reshoot in order to create a film that met colonialist standards.", "Sakane never allowed political affiliations or war to affect how she filmed or role within these topics as a filmmaker.", "She merely used these situations as a means of establishing herself as a filmmaker.", "It wasn't until Japan fell into war that Sakane found herself developing a sense of personal filming style that was not under the control of the studios she worked under.", "Due to the patriarchal restrictions of Japan that were tightening up due to the war, Sakane transferred over to the Manchuria Film Association in 1942.", "It was there that a majority of Sakane's films were focused on providing educational material for female audiences that didn't exist prior to her directorial debut.", "Despite having arrived in the association as an editor it was under the belief that only women can direct for women that she returned to that role.", "Sakane having stated in an interview that \"given the necessity to make films for women in the Co-Prosperity Sphere, and that only women can make films for themselves, I was promoted again to director.\"", "It was here that her style became evident in reestablishing what exactly domestic relationships looked like and how women existed alongside men in Japanese and Chinese society.", "Sakane directed a total of one Feature film and 14 nonfiction films, including:", "Sakane worked as assistant director for the following films:", "Sakane worked as an editor on the following films:" ]

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[ "was a Japanese film director.", "She graduated from Nikkatsu Uzumaki girls school in 1929." ]

[ "Born on December 7, 1904 (Meiji 37) as the eldest daughter of six siblings between her father, Seiichi Sakane (坂根清一) and her mother, Shige (志げ), who were origin in Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto.", "The mother was born in an old family “Sakuma” in Tango, but because there was no successor, Tazuko was registered as the patriarch of the Sakuma family at the age of two and became Tazuko Sakumada.", "However, Tazuko continued to use her paternal last name “Sakane” throughout her life.", "Of the six children of the couple, only the eldest son Akira and the eldest daughter Tazuko lived long.", "The family was wealthy because her father made an invention, and Tazuko progressed from Imadegawa Kindergarten (出川幼稚園) to Neutral Sale Elementary School (中立売小学校) and Kyoto Prefectural Kyoto First High School (京都府立京都第一高等女学校, currently Kyoto Prefectural Kamoen High School 京都府立鴨沂高等学校).", "The school, called “Fuichi”(府一), was a prestigious school in Kyoto.", "After graduation, she went to Doshisha Women's College English Department (同志社女子専門学校英文科, currently Doshisha Women's University 同志社女子大学) according to her desire of continuing studying.", "In 1923, Tazuko dropped out of school for reason of “convenient to do housework”, and in March of the following year, her mother died suddenly at the age of 47.", "Soon after, a woman named Daisetsu Tsuru became the second wife.", "In line with the marriage recommended by her died mother, Tazuko met with an obstetrician and gynecologist named Takaoka and married in 1925 at the age of 21.", "However, this marriage did not go well.", "Tazuko left the house and returned to her parents’ home.", "The eyes around all looked coldly at Tazuko, so she decided to be self-reliance.", "Aspiring to the film industry, she was introduced by her father in 1929 as a director assistant at Nikkatsu Dazai Photo Studio.", "Therefore, replacing her predecessor Mitsue Goda (合田光枝, sister of actress Haruko Setsuko 原節子), Tazuko worked for the director Kenji Mizoguchi (溝口健二), and obtained the friendship of Mrs. Kenji and Chieko (Chieko's real name: Kane Tajima 田島かね) .", "Since then, Tazuko had been involved in making movies as a member of Mizoguchi group, and had learned practical matters.", "When Mizoguchi left Nikkatsu in 1932 and moved to the Shinko Kinema (新興キネマへ), Tazuko was also invited to move to the company.", "(Since then Mizoguchi moved to the company, Tazuko would follow him.", "This was common because the movie industry at that time had a strong apprenticeship.)", "Mizoguchi then made “Taki no Shiraito” (1933, 滝の白糸), “Gion Festival” (1933, 祇園祭), and “Kanfuren” (1934, 神風連), and Tazuko helped him as a director assistant.", "In 1933, Irie Pro, who co-produced “Taki no Shiraito”, asked Tazuko to try to supervise, but in the end it did not happen.", "In 1934, Mizoguchi moved to Tokyo with Tazuko and joined Nikkatsu Tamagawa Photo Studio (日活多摩川撮影所) .", "Around this time, Tazuko asked again for the promotion of the director, but the reaction of the staff was so cold that it was not realized.", "It said that Tazuko was planning to make a movie for Uncle Ashiaga (足長おじさん).", "Tazuko disappointedly returned to Kyoto with the invitation by Mizoguchi, and joined the first movie he just made.", "Tazuko started living near her father in Kyoto, and served as assistant director under the Mizoguchi for “Otsukuru Osen” (折鶴お千), “Maria no Yuki” (マリヤのお雪), and “Koujaku Grass” (虞美人草, all in 1935).", "32-year-old Tazuko asked for the promotion of the director again.", "This was finally realized, and she decided to make Kosugi Tenga's original “First appearance” (はつ姿) into a movie.", "“First appearance” was written by Haruo Takayanagi and Tazuko brought that out.", "Mizoguchi also put his name to this work as a director guidance.", "The casts were Ichiro Tsukita and Chiyoko Okura.", "The movie was completed and was released on March 5, 1936.", "In this way, Tazuko Sakane became the first Japanese female film director.", "Although “First appearance” was not successful industrially and did not get a good reputation from critics, Tazuko did not give up and continued to make movies with Mizoguchi.", "In those days when the movie industry was prosperous and human resources were flowing, Mizoguchi left the first movie, whose management situation deteriorated, and moved to the Shinko Kinema, Kamo Matsu Takeshita studio.", "Tazuko followed him, and produced the “Rokugiku Monogatari” (1940, 残菊物語) and “Nanwa Onna” (1940, 浪花女).", "Mina Miguchi cast Kinyo Tanaka for the first time in “Nanwa Onna”.", "Since then, they produced excellent works in combination.", "Kinyo later became the second female film director in Japan.", "Around this time, Tazuko began to feel the distance to Mizoguchi, she wanted to do the directing again, and received Mizoguchi's recommendation and joined Riken Kagaku Film Co., Ltd (理研科学映画株式会社).", "She went to Hokkaido and filmed the documentary “North Brotherhood” (1941, 北の同胞) on the theme of Ainu life.", "Around this time, Mizoguchi's wife Chieko, who had a close relationship with Tazuko, had a mental disorder and was admitted to Kyoto Prefectural Hospital.", "On the day of Chieko's hospitalization, Mizoguchi went to the studio and continued to work, and the staff who were right there were shocked.", "Mizoguchi proposed to Tazuko during the time of Chieko's hospitalization, but of course it was not acceptable.", "In 1942, Tazuko joined the Keimin Movie Club (啓民映画部) of Manchu Film Association (満洲映画協会) in Manchuria as an immediate action.", "After arriving in Shinkyo and making a work called “Hardworking Women” (勤労の女性), Tazuko continued to make “Healthy Small National” (健康の小国民), “Bride of Pioneer” (開拓の花嫁), “Vegetable Storage” (野菜の貯蔵), “How to Burn the Heating Room” (暖房の焚き方), etc.", "While Japan was heavily defeated, Tazuko finished “Indoor Horticulture” (室内園芸), “Spring Gardening” (春の園芸), “First Aid” (救急ノ基本), “Basic Emergency Aid” (基本救急法) and so on.", "However, on August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally, and on August 20, the Soviet army arrived in Shinkyo.", "The Manchu Film Association was confiscated by the Soviet army, with no plans to return to Japan.", "Part of the staff was hired by Tohoku Denki Co., Ltd. (東北電影公司) by the Eight Route Army who was stationed in exchange for the Soviet Army, and Tazuko also got a job there.", "She was allowed to return to Japan in August 1946, and on October 21 of the same year, she and other 50 Japanese stepped through Japan from Shinkyo to Jinzhou.\nReturning to her parents’ home in Kyoto, Tazuko visited Mizoguchi at Shimokamo Photo Studio(加茂撮影所).", "Mizoguchi did not know who she was for a moment.", "Although surprised by her transformation, Mizoguchi brought Tazuko to Shochiku(松竹) again.", "However, Tazuko was unable to join as director assistant due to the struggle of power in Shochiku, and was hired as a recording staff in the editorial department.", "Even for Mizoguchi, who had a deep relationship with actress Kinyo Tanaka, while Chieko's younger brother's wife was a de facto wife, Tazuko was already a past existence and more than just a clerk.", "Mizoguchi, who had not been blessed with hits for a long time, revived with the hit of “Women of the Night” (1948, 夜の女たち).", "And in 1952, “Nishitsuru Ichijo”(西鶴一代女), filmed with Kinyo, won the director's award at the Venice International Film Festival, and immediately pushed Mizoguchi into a master of the world.", "Kinyo entered the supervisory business and directed “Koibun” (1953, 恋文) for the first time.", "It has been 17 years since the “First Appearance” taken by Tazuko.", "Mizoguchi continued to receive high acclaim for “Ametsuki Monogatari” (1953, 雨月物語) and “Yamao Daigo” (1954, 山椒大夫), and “Yang Guifei” (1955, 楊貴妃), “New·Heike Monogatari” (1955, 新·平家物語).", "He died of myeloid leukemia on August 24, 1956.", "After leaving Shochiku Kyoto Studio(松竹京都撮影所) in 1962 at the retirement age, Tazuko continued to be involved in movies in the form of part-time jobs until 1970, and died of gastric cancer on September 2, 1975, at the age of 71.", "She appeared as a collaborator in the documentary film “Record of the life of a movie director Kenji Mizoguchi”(ある映画監督の生涯 溝口健二の記録) released about four months before her death.", "Before the 1980s, the hierarchical corporate structure of the major studios was a major barrier to women entering the industry in a creative capacity, with the scant handful of those who did direct hailing from an acting background, barring the freak exception of Japan's first woman director, Sakane Tazuko who made one feature, 1936's \"Hatsu Sugata\".", "Unfortunately, no prints of the film exist.", "The first Japanese women to make films came from the circles around well-known male director Kenji Mizoguchi whose many films tended to centre on heroines.", "Mizoguchi and his films about suffering women connect with current discussions about “women's directors” and women directors.", "When dealing with this most patriarchal of national cinemas and its “feminine” qualities, questions of sexual politics arise.", "Take Mizoguchi's unmentioned (in the text) relationship with Tazuko.", "Under his patronage, Sakane became Japan's first and only female film director in the prewar period.", "Denied work after the war (on the ground that she had to have a college degree to be a director), she was forced, at age forty-two, to return to Mizoguchi as his script girl.", "Her surviving production memos, scripts, and correspondence were donated to the Museum of Kyoto in 2004 in commemoration of the centennial of her birth.", "In the Sakane collection's file for \"The Downfall of Osen\", roughly half of her records and Mizoguchi's one-page scribble of the sequence order survive.", "Situated as a minority in the film industry, Sakane was nevertheless a privileged majority member of wartime society, as a Japanese national, and as a person who had some control over the mass media.", "A large part of Sakane's experience with filmmaking came from assisting and editing films under the tutelage of Kenji Mizoguchi.", "As a woman, she was very rarely taken seriously and often belittled by the men who dominated the industry.", "Her first attempt at becoming a director was overshadowed by rumors established by colleagues who had assumed the only way she could have made this promotion possible was through \"having an affair with Mizoguchi\" and so \"Sakane's petition for promotion was eventually rejected.\"", "Similar to this experience, Sakane fell under scrutiny following her first film as a director, New Clothing(1936), in which her personal life, including intimate topics such as her virginity, was publicly criticized and shamed in an article merely in the studio's effort to gain attention.", "By adhering to colonial standards was Sakane's only choice in order to regain her position as a director in Japan.", "In doing so, she left Mizoguchi and began a project, Fellow Citizens in North(1941), under the Tokyo Riken Film Company.", "Despite being enlisted as a director in an effort to create a propagandic film that documented Japan and assertion that the country was \"one nation, one people,\" Sakane's personal intentions interfered.", "Due to wanting to maintain her personal style in spite of the colonialist assignment, Sakane created a film that documented the loss of history and native culture within Japan.", "However, she was made to fix and reshoot in order to create a film that met colonialist standards.", "Sakane never allowed political affiliations or war to affect how she filmed or role within these topics as a filmmaker.", "She merely used these situations as a means of establishing herself as a filmmaker.", "It wasn't until Japan fell into war that Sakane found herself developing a sense of personal filming style that was not under the control of the studios she worked under.", "Due to the patriarchal restrictions of Japan that were tightening up due to the war, Sakane transferred over to the Manchuria Film Association in 1942.", "It was there that a majority of Sakane's films were focused on providing educational material for female audiences that didn't exist prior to her directorial debut.", "Despite having arrived in the association as an editor it was under the belief that only women can direct for women that she returned to that role.", "Sakane having stated in an interview that \"given the necessity to make films for women in the Co-Prosperity Sphere, and that only women can make films for themselves, I was promoted again to director.\"", "It was here that her style became evident in reestablishing what exactly domestic relationships looked like and how women existed alongside men in Japanese and Chinese society.", "Sakane directed a total of one Feature film and 14 nonfiction films, including:", "Sakane worked as assistant director for the following films:", "Sakane worked as an editor on the following films:" ]

[ 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 ]

[ "She was Japan's first female director, followed by Kinuyo Tanaka.", "Her first feature film \"New Clothing\" (\"初姿 Hatsu Sugata,\" 1936) is known to be a first Japanese feature film directed by a female." ]

[ "In an alternate history, the asteroid that would have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago passes safely over Earth.", "Millions of years later, \"Apatosaurus\" corn farmers Henry and Ida have three children: Libby, Buck, and Arlo.", "While his successful siblings are allowed to \"make their mark\" (a mud-print on the family's corn silo), Arlo's timid nature makes tasks difficult for him.", "Henry attempts to give Arlo a sense of purpose by putting him in charge of guarding their silo, and helps him set a trap.", "It captures a feral caveboy, but Arlo cannot bring himself to kill him, and sets him free.", "Disappointed, Henry takes Arlo to track the caveboy, leading them into a ravine.", "Henry saves Arlo from a flash flood before being killed by debris.", "Without his father, Arlo shoulders more of the workload.", "He spots the same caveboy inside the silo and blaming him for his father's death, chases him into a river, where both are swept downstream.", "Arlo is knocked unconscious by a rock, and awakens to find himself miles from home.", "As he tries to return, his leg is caught by a boulder.", "The next day, Arlo wakes to find his leg has been freed.", "The caveboy appears with food, and leads Arlo to a berry tree.", "The caveboy then fends off a large snake, amazing Arlo, and impressing Forrest Woodbush, a nearby eccentric \"Styracosaurus\" who wants to keep the boy.", "He forces Arlo to compete with him to give the boy a name he will respond to, and Arlo wins when he calls the boy \"Spot\".", "Arlo and Spot bond as Arlo laments his lost family, and Spot reveals that his own parents are both dead.", "Later, when a storm strikes, Arlo runs away in fear and loses the riverbank he has been following home.", "The next morning, Arlo wakes to find Spot at his side.", "They are noticed by a band of pterodactyls, who appear to be conducting a rescue operation but turn out to be savagely carnivorous.", "When the pterodactyls try to eat Spot, Arlo and Spot flee, happening upon a pair of \"Tyrannosaurus\" named Nash and Ramsey, who drive off the pterodactyls.", "Nash, Ramsey, and their father Butch have lost their herd of longhorns, so Arlo offers Spot's help in sniffing them out.", "The group locates the herd, but Butch recognizes the work of cattle rustlers.", "Arlo and Spot lure the four rustler \"Velociraptors\" into the open, allowing Butch and his family to attack.", "After the rustlers have been driven off, Arlo joins the \"Tyrannosaurus\" in driving the cattle south.", "Later, he sees the familiar mountain peaks of his homeland in the distance, and leaves with Spot to return home.", "Along the way, they encounter an adult feral caveman in the distance.", "Spot is intrigued, but Arlo dissuades him and they continue on.", "As another storm approaches, the pterodactyls return, attack, and carry Spot away.", "Arlo becomes entangled in vines, where he has a vision of Henry leading him home.", "Arlo instead resolves to save Spot, making the vision of his father proud before it fades away.", "Arlo finds and attacks the pterodactyls, who have cornered Spot in the river.", "Arlo and Spot together plunge the pterodactyls into the water, where they are swept helplessly downstream.", "When a landslide causes a giant wave, Arlo leaps into the water to rescue Spot, and the two are swept away toward a waterfall.", "Arlo protects Spot as they go over the falls, and carries him to shore.", "As they near Arlo's home, the two are approached by the caveman and his entire family, who show great interest in Spot.", "With great reluctance, Arlo pushes Spot to join this new adoptive family, and the two of them share a tearful goodbye.", "Arlo finally arrives home to his mother and siblings, and makes his mark on the silo between those of his mother and father.", "Bob Peterson and Peter Sohn started working on the film in 2009 when Peterson came up with the idea.", "The film's first release date of November 27, 2013, was first announced in June 20, 2011.", "The film was announced as \"The Untitled Pixar Movie About Dinosaurs\" at the D23 Expo on August 21, 2011, which revealed the plot, director and co-director, producer, and other small details.", "On April 24, 2012, Pixar officially revealed the film's title as \"The Good Dinosaur\".", "The filmmakers wanted to explore what dinosaurs represent in the present day, and how they are represented in stereotypes.", "Peterson stated: \"It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur.\"", "Peterson said that his inspiration of the film came from the World's Fair childhood visit where he gets impressed by \"dinosaur animatronics.", "\"\nOn the film's title, Sohn stated, \"The title is deceptively simple.", "It has more meaning than it seems.\"", "He additionally explained: \"Arlo has a lot of issues when he's born.", "He's fearful and he's weak and he's disconnected from the family because of these issues and he feels like he's not worthy, and so he finds a way to become worthy.\"\nIn April 2012, Pixar announced that the film's release date had been shifted from November 27, 2013 to May 30, 2014, with Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Frozen\" taking its place.", "On August 9, 2013, it was announced at the D23 Expo that Lucas Neff, John Lithgow, Frances McDormand, Neil Patrick Harris, Judy Greer, and Bill Hader had joined the cast of the film.", "By mid 2013, Peterson was removed from the film due to story problems.", "Peterson, who could not crack the film's third act, was absent from the D23 Expo where Sohn and producer Denise Ream presented footage from the film.", "Peterson moved on to another project he developed at Pixar while Ream replaced producer John Walker, who left to work on Disney's own \"Tomorrowland\".", "John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews, and Sohn stepped in temporarily to work on various sections of the film.", "In September 2013, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was pushed back from May 30, 2014, to November 25, 2015 (the scheduled release date for Pixar's \"Finding Dory\").", "According to Ream, the primary reason for the rescheduling was because \"the story was not working, period, full stop, it just was not where it needed to be.\"", "In November 2013, due to the delay, Pixar laid off 67 employees of its 1,200-person workforce, following the closure of Pixar Canada a month before, when about 80 employees had been laid off, officially to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters.", "In August 2014, Lithgow revealed in an interview that the film had been dismantled and \"completely reimagined\" and that he was expected to rerecord his role in the next month while mentioning that McDormand was still part of the film.", "In October 2014, Sohn was announced as the new director of the film.", "In November 2014, it was reported that new elements had been added to the story, such as treating nature as the film's antagonist.", "In June 2015, it was announced that the majority of the cast had been revised.", "Of the original cast, only McDormand retained her role in the film.", "It was revealed that Neff had been replaced by Raymond Ochoa, and Lithgow had been replaced by Jeffrey Wright.", "Arlo's three siblings, to be voiced by Harris, Hader, and Greer had been cut down to a single brother named Buck, voiced by Marcus Scribner, and later, a sister named Libby, voiced by Maleah Padilla.", "It was also confirmed that the farmer aspect was still part of the film.", "The filmmakers wanted nature to be the antagonist for the main character Arlo.", "Ream noted \"Nature can overcome anything, including a massive dinosaur.\"", "In order to achieve the needed realism, the film's team traveled to the American Northwest, spending time in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Juntura, Oregon, and southern Montana.", "Production designer Harley Jessup stated that the film \"has a fantastic variety of landscapes,\" which ranged \"from the Jackson Valley and the Tetons to the amazing geysers and waterfalls in Yellowstone,\" as the filmmakers \"studied the grasslands of Montana and the Red Desert\" and used them to incorporate into the film.", "To use the landscapes that they had experienced, the filmmakers used data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and satellite images from Google Earth.", "The geographical data provided a foundation that the team then built on.", "According to supervising technical director Sanjay Bakshi, this gave Sohn \"the freedom to shoot in any direction he wanted to make the world feel big and real.\"", "In addition, \"The Good Dinosaur\" features three-dimensional, volumetric clouds.", "In previous Pixar films, clouds have been \"painted\" onto the sets.", "Light and photography director Sharon Calahan described the storm clouds \"are almost like a villain in the film\", and appeared \"in almost every scene.\"", "Calahan also noted \"These particular clouds can be rendered and we can light them, which we've never been able to properly do before.", "\"\nAccording to the filmmakers, the environments and landscapes in the film are not photo-realistic, they are just detailed in a way that advanced technology and style decisions allow.", "In terms of animating Arlo, animators Rob Thompson and Kevin O'Hara went to a zoo and shot video of elephants in motion.", "A system where Arlo's head goes up and his chest goes down when his hips goes up, was therefore created.", "To get an idea of the scale of Arlo, a complete full-size model was built out of card and foam core.", "In total \"The Good Dinosaur\" took up 300TB of server space, ten times as much space as \"Monsters University\" (2013).", "Arlo was designed so that the audience could identify with him and be able to see the \"boy\" inside the dinosaur.", "Since \"The Good Dinosaur\" is set in a world in which dinosaurs never became extinct, they were instead able to evolve.", "Herbivores like Arlo and his family become farmers, and carnivores like the \"T. rex\" become ranchers.", "Because they are meant to be reminiscent of cowboys, when the \"T. rex\" run, their lower bodies mimic a galloping horse, while their upper bodies have the feel of a riding cowboy.", "To help inspire Butch's physical look and performance, the filmmakers looked at classic film cowboys such as characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood and Jack Palance.", "The film's score was composed by Mychael Danna and his brother, Jeff, replacing Thomas Newman, who was originally attached to score the film when it was set to be directed by Peterson.", "It marks the first Pixar film to be scored by two composers.", "Danna was approached by Sohn and Ream due to his score for \"Life of Pi\", which won an Academy Award.", "Having a lot of work, he invited his brother as a co-writer.", "Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack on November 20, 2015.", "Prior to the film's release on November 19, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur: Dino Crossing\", a mobile arcade-style game, was released.", "The game, later also available on Kindle Fire, was no longer available, according to Common Sense Media; while a figure of Spot and Power Discs of Arlo, Ramsey, Nash, and Butch was also released for \"Disney Infinity 3.0\".", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" was theatrically released on November 25, 2015.", "Before the rescheduling from 2014 to 2015, a \"Monsters University\" short film titled \"Party Central\" was set to accompany the film but was instead shown with the theatrical release of Disney's \"Muppets Most Wanted\".", "In April 2015, it was announced that a new Pixar short, \"Sanjay's Super Team\", directed by Sanjay Patel, would be shown in front of \"The Good Dinosaur\" instead.", "The film received an exclusive run at the Grand Rex in Paris a week before its U.S. and European premiere.", "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released \"The Good Dinosaur\" on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on February 23, 2016.", "Blu-ray bonus features include \"Sanjay's Super Team\", audio commentary, behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and the \"Hide and Seek\" short promotional clip.", "In 2019, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was released on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray.", "In its first week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 686,656 DVDs and 726,042 Blu-rays as the most sold film on both formats in the United States.", "That same week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" topped the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the dedicated Blu-ray sales chart.", "Overall, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 1.8 million DVDs and 1.3 million Blu-rays, adding them up to get a total of 3.1 million copies, and made $64.2 million through home media releases.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed $123.1 million in the United States and Canada and $209.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $332.2 million against a production budget of $175–200 million, which with added marketing costs of $350 million, caused Walt Disney Studios to lose $85 million unadjusted for inflation, and the film to be considered the studio's first box-office bomb.", "Released alongside \"Creed\" and \"Victor Frankenstein\", as well as the wide releases of \"Brooklyn\", \"Spotlight\", and \"Trumbo\", on November 25, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $9.8 million on its first day, including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews.", "It went on to take second place at the opening weekend with $56 million from 3,749 theaters.", "Its second weekend saw the box office drop by 60% to $15.5 million, and \"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed another $10.3 million the following weekend.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" completed its theatrical run in the United States and Canada on April 7, 2016.", "Worldwide, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $29.8 million in its opening weekend in 39 markets, including 8 significant countries.", "Unlike the US, where it had the benefit of the Thanksgiving weekend, it did not have the same benefit internationally.", "Rather, its release date was designed to set it up to run through the December holiday.", "The top countries were the United Kingdom ($7.8 million), Mexico ($6.7 million), France ($6 million), Argentina ($3.8 million), and Russia ($3.7 million).", "Of those, it opened at No. 1 in Mexico, Argentina, and Russia.", "The film's top international markets were the United Kingdom ($22.5 million), France ($18 million), Japan ($14.9 million), Mexico ($13.2 million), and Brazil ($11.8 million).", "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale.", "Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described it as \"antic and unexpected as well as homiletic, rife with subversive elements, wacky critters and some of the most beautiful landscapes ever seen in a computer animated film.\"", "Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" felt the film \"has a few things on its mind, but its tone is overwhelmingly playful, not hectoring.\"", "Joe Morgenstern of \"The Wall Street Journal\" opined that \"As Pixar productions go, this one isn't a groundbreaker, but it's heartfelt and endearing, as well as visually splendiferous, and kids will love it for sure.\"", "Justin Chang of \"Variety\" wrote that the film is \"clever and cloying by turns, [which is] always seems to be trying to evolve beyond its conventional trappings, and not succeeding as often as Pixar devotees have come to expect\".", "Many of the reviewers praised the sophistication of its nearly photorealistic backgrounds.", "Christopher Orr of \"The Atlantic\" felt it to be the studio's first film explicitly targeted towards children, though it is \"by no means a bad movie", "[...]", "It's a simple story, well-told.\"", "Mark Feeney, writing for \"The Boston Globe\", felt similarly, deeming it a \"very middling movie [...]", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" generally features a sort of sentimentality and emotional reductiveness that make it seem meant for small children as no previous Pixar movie has.\"", "\"The Washington Post\" Stephanie Merry dubbed it \"a nice, conventional story, but it's not Pixar-level imaginative.\"", "Richard Roeper, for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", felt it \"one strange, aggressively gross and dark adventure [...]", "Inconsistent and weird, \"The Good Dinosaur\" is second-level Pixar all the way.\"", "Michael Rechtshaffen of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" panned its \"disappointingly derivative\" screenplay.", "Mark Kermode of \"The Guardian\" says \"But however much it may delight on a scene-by-scene basis, \"The Good Dinosaur\" never comes together as a coherent whole, a crucial flaw for a film by Pixar, which has always put story first.", "\"" ]

[ 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 ]

[ "The Good Dinosaur is a 2015 American computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "It was directed by Peter Sohn (in his feature directorial debut), becoming the first Pixar film to be directed by a non-white director.", "In 2009, Bob Peterson came up with the idea of exploring what dinosaurs represent in the present day.", "During its production, the team encountered various problems, which led to multiple story revisions, as well as changing directors and voice cast.", "To create a realistic background for the film, the team traveled to various American landscapes, which were later incorporated into the film.", "Arlo is designed to look distinct and relatable, in order to connect with audiences." ]

[ "In an alternate history, the asteroid that would have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago passes safely over Earth.", "Millions of years later, \"Apatosaurus\" corn farmers Henry and Ida have three children: Libby, Buck, and Arlo.", "While his successful siblings are allowed to \"make their mark\" (a mud-print on the family's corn silo), Arlo's timid nature makes tasks difficult for him.", "Henry attempts to give Arlo a sense of purpose by putting him in charge of guarding their silo, and helps him set a trap.", "It captures a feral caveboy, but Arlo cannot bring himself to kill him, and sets him free.", "Disappointed, Henry takes Arlo to track the caveboy, leading them into a ravine.", "Henry saves Arlo from a flash flood before being killed by debris.", "Without his father, Arlo shoulders more of the workload.", "He spots the same caveboy inside the silo and blaming him for his father's death, chases him into a river, where both are swept downstream.", "Arlo is knocked unconscious by a rock, and awakens to find himself miles from home.", "As he tries to return, his leg is caught by a boulder.", "The next day, Arlo wakes to find his leg has been freed.", "The caveboy appears with food, and leads Arlo to a berry tree.", "The caveboy then fends off a large snake, amazing Arlo, and impressing Forrest Woodbush, a nearby eccentric \"Styracosaurus\" who wants to keep the boy.", "He forces Arlo to compete with him to give the boy a name he will respond to, and Arlo wins when he calls the boy \"Spot\".", "Arlo and Spot bond as Arlo laments his lost family, and Spot reveals that his own parents are both dead.", "Later, when a storm strikes, Arlo runs away in fear and loses the riverbank he has been following home.", "The next morning, Arlo wakes to find Spot at his side.", "They are noticed by a band of pterodactyls, who appear to be conducting a rescue operation but turn out to be savagely carnivorous.", "When the pterodactyls try to eat Spot, Arlo and Spot flee, happening upon a pair of \"Tyrannosaurus\" named Nash and Ramsey, who drive off the pterodactyls.", "Nash, Ramsey, and their father Butch have lost their herd of longhorns, so Arlo offers Spot's help in sniffing them out.", "The group locates the herd, but Butch recognizes the work of cattle rustlers.", "Arlo and Spot lure the four rustler \"Velociraptors\" into the open, allowing Butch and his family to attack.", "After the rustlers have been driven off, Arlo joins the \"Tyrannosaurus\" in driving the cattle south.", "Later, he sees the familiar mountain peaks of his homeland in the distance, and leaves with Spot to return home.", "Along the way, they encounter an adult feral caveman in the distance.", "Spot is intrigued, but Arlo dissuades him and they continue on.", "As another storm approaches, the pterodactyls return, attack, and carry Spot away.", "Arlo becomes entangled in vines, where he has a vision of Henry leading him home.", "Arlo instead resolves to save Spot, making the vision of his father proud before it fades away.", "Arlo finds and attacks the pterodactyls, who have cornered Spot in the river.", "Arlo and Spot together plunge the pterodactyls into the water, where they are swept helplessly downstream.", "When a landslide causes a giant wave, Arlo leaps into the water to rescue Spot, and the two are swept away toward a waterfall.", "Arlo protects Spot as they go over the falls, and carries him to shore.", "As they near Arlo's home, the two are approached by the caveman and his entire family, who show great interest in Spot.", "With great reluctance, Arlo pushes Spot to join this new adoptive family, and the two of them share a tearful goodbye.", "Arlo finally arrives home to his mother and siblings, and makes his mark on the silo between those of his mother and father.", "Bob Peterson and Peter Sohn started working on the film in 2009 when Peterson came up with the idea.", "The film's first release date of November 27, 2013, was first announced in June 20, 2011.", "The film was announced as \"The Untitled Pixar Movie About Dinosaurs\" at the D23 Expo on August 21, 2011, which revealed the plot, director and co-director, producer, and other small details.", "On April 24, 2012, Pixar officially revealed the film's title as \"The Good Dinosaur\".", "The filmmakers wanted to explore what dinosaurs represent in the present day, and how they are represented in stereotypes.", "Peterson stated: \"It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur.\"", "Peterson said that his inspiration of the film came from the World's Fair childhood visit where he gets impressed by \"dinosaur animatronics.", "\"\nOn the film's title, Sohn stated, \"The title is deceptively simple.", "It has more meaning than it seems.\"", "He additionally explained: \"Arlo has a lot of issues when he's born.", "He's fearful and he's weak and he's disconnected from the family because of these issues and he feels like he's not worthy, and so he finds a way to become worthy.\"\nIn April 2012, Pixar announced that the film's release date had been shifted from November 27, 2013 to May 30, 2014, with Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Frozen\" taking its place.", "On August 9, 2013, it was announced at the D23 Expo that Lucas Neff, John Lithgow, Frances McDormand, Neil Patrick Harris, Judy Greer, and Bill Hader had joined the cast of the film.", "By mid 2013, Peterson was removed from the film due to story problems.", "Peterson, who could not crack the film's third act, was absent from the D23 Expo where Sohn and producer Denise Ream presented footage from the film.", "Peterson moved on to another project he developed at Pixar while Ream replaced producer John Walker, who left to work on Disney's own \"Tomorrowland\".", "John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews, and Sohn stepped in temporarily to work on various sections of the film.", "In September 2013, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was pushed back from May 30, 2014, to November 25, 2015 (the scheduled release date for Pixar's \"Finding Dory\").", "According to Ream, the primary reason for the rescheduling was because \"the story was not working, period, full stop, it just was not where it needed to be.\"", "In November 2013, due to the delay, Pixar laid off 67 employees of its 1,200-person workforce, following the closure of Pixar Canada a month before, when about 80 employees had been laid off, officially to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters.", "In August 2014, Lithgow revealed in an interview that the film had been dismantled and \"completely reimagined\" and that he was expected to rerecord his role in the next month while mentioning that McDormand was still part of the film.", "In October 2014, Sohn was announced as the new director of the film.", "In November 2014, it was reported that new elements had been added to the story, such as treating nature as the film's antagonist.", "In June 2015, it was announced that the majority of the cast had been revised.", "Of the original cast, only McDormand retained her role in the film.", "It was revealed that Neff had been replaced by Raymond Ochoa, and Lithgow had been replaced by Jeffrey Wright.", "Arlo's three siblings, to be voiced by Harris, Hader, and Greer had been cut down to a single brother named Buck, voiced by Marcus Scribner, and later, a sister named Libby, voiced by Maleah Padilla.", "It was also confirmed that the farmer aspect was still part of the film.", "The filmmakers wanted nature to be the antagonist for the main character Arlo.", "Ream noted \"Nature can overcome anything, including a massive dinosaur.\"", "In order to achieve the needed realism, the film's team traveled to the American Northwest, spending time in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Juntura, Oregon, and southern Montana.", "Production designer Harley Jessup stated that the film \"has a fantastic variety of landscapes,\" which ranged \"from the Jackson Valley and the Tetons to the amazing geysers and waterfalls in Yellowstone,\" as the filmmakers \"studied the grasslands of Montana and the Red Desert\" and used them to incorporate into the film.", "To use the landscapes that they had experienced, the filmmakers used data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and satellite images from Google Earth.", "The geographical data provided a foundation that the team then built on.", "According to supervising technical director Sanjay Bakshi, this gave Sohn \"the freedom to shoot in any direction he wanted to make the world feel big and real.\"", "In addition, \"The Good Dinosaur\" features three-dimensional, volumetric clouds.", "In previous Pixar films, clouds have been \"painted\" onto the sets.", "Light and photography director Sharon Calahan described the storm clouds \"are almost like a villain in the film\", and appeared \"in almost every scene.\"", "Calahan also noted \"These particular clouds can be rendered and we can light them, which we've never been able to properly do before.", "\"\nAccording to the filmmakers, the environments and landscapes in the film are not photo-realistic, they are just detailed in a way that advanced technology and style decisions allow.", "In terms of animating Arlo, animators Rob Thompson and Kevin O'Hara went to a zoo and shot video of elephants in motion.", "A system where Arlo's head goes up and his chest goes down when his hips goes up, was therefore created.", "To get an idea of the scale of Arlo, a complete full-size model was built out of card and foam core.", "In total \"The Good Dinosaur\" took up 300TB of server space, ten times as much space as \"Monsters University\" (2013).", "Arlo was designed so that the audience could identify with him and be able to see the \"boy\" inside the dinosaur.", "Since \"The Good Dinosaur\" is set in a world in which dinosaurs never became extinct, they were instead able to evolve.", "Herbivores like Arlo and his family become farmers, and carnivores like the \"T. rex\" become ranchers.", "Because they are meant to be reminiscent of cowboys, when the \"T. rex\" run, their lower bodies mimic a galloping horse, while their upper bodies have the feel of a riding cowboy.", "To help inspire Butch's physical look and performance, the filmmakers looked at classic film cowboys such as characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood and Jack Palance.", "The film's score was composed by Mychael Danna and his brother, Jeff, replacing Thomas Newman, who was originally attached to score the film when it was set to be directed by Peterson.", "It marks the first Pixar film to be scored by two composers.", "Danna was approached by Sohn and Ream due to his score for \"Life of Pi\", which won an Academy Award.", "Having a lot of work, he invited his brother as a co-writer.", "Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack on November 20, 2015.", "Prior to the film's release on November 19, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur: Dino Crossing\", a mobile arcade-style game, was released.", "The game, later also available on Kindle Fire, was no longer available, according to Common Sense Media; while a figure of Spot and Power Discs of Arlo, Ramsey, Nash, and Butch was also released for \"Disney Infinity 3.0\".", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" was theatrically released on November 25, 2015.", "Before the rescheduling from 2014 to 2015, a \"Monsters University\" short film titled \"Party Central\" was set to accompany the film but was instead shown with the theatrical release of Disney's \"Muppets Most Wanted\".", "In April 2015, it was announced that a new Pixar short, \"Sanjay's Super Team\", directed by Sanjay Patel, would be shown in front of \"The Good Dinosaur\" instead.", "The film received an exclusive run at the Grand Rex in Paris a week before its U.S. and European premiere.", "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released \"The Good Dinosaur\" on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on February 23, 2016.", "Blu-ray bonus features include \"Sanjay's Super Team\", audio commentary, behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and the \"Hide and Seek\" short promotional clip.", "In 2019, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was released on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray.", "In its first week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 686,656 DVDs and 726,042 Blu-rays as the most sold film on both formats in the United States.", "That same week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" topped the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the dedicated Blu-ray sales chart.", "Overall, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 1.8 million DVDs and 1.3 million Blu-rays, adding them up to get a total of 3.1 million copies, and made $64.2 million through home media releases.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed $123.1 million in the United States and Canada and $209.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $332.2 million against a production budget of $175–200 million, which with added marketing costs of $350 million, caused Walt Disney Studios to lose $85 million unadjusted for inflation, and the film to be considered the studio's first box-office bomb.", "Released alongside \"Creed\" and \"Victor Frankenstein\", as well as the wide releases of \"Brooklyn\", \"Spotlight\", and \"Trumbo\", on November 25, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $9.8 million on its first day, including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews.", "It went on to take second place at the opening weekend with $56 million from 3,749 theaters.", "Its second weekend saw the box office drop by 60% to $15.5 million, and \"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed another $10.3 million the following weekend.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" completed its theatrical run in the United States and Canada on April 7, 2016.", "Worldwide, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $29.8 million in its opening weekend in 39 markets, including 8 significant countries.", "Unlike the US, where it had the benefit of the Thanksgiving weekend, it did not have the same benefit internationally.", "Rather, its release date was designed to set it up to run through the December holiday.", "The top countries were the United Kingdom ($7.8 million), Mexico ($6.7 million), France ($6 million), Argentina ($3.8 million), and Russia ($3.7 million).", "Of those, it opened at No. 1 in Mexico, Argentina, and Russia.", "The film's top international markets were the United Kingdom ($22.5 million), France ($18 million), Japan ($14.9 million), Mexico ($13.2 million), and Brazil ($11.8 million).", "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale.", "Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described it as \"antic and unexpected as well as homiletic, rife with subversive elements, wacky critters and some of the most beautiful landscapes ever seen in a computer animated film.\"", "Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" felt the film \"has a few things on its mind, but its tone is overwhelmingly playful, not hectoring.\"", "Joe Morgenstern of \"The Wall Street Journal\" opined that \"As Pixar productions go, this one isn't a groundbreaker, but it's heartfelt and endearing, as well as visually splendiferous, and kids will love it for sure.\"", "Justin Chang of \"Variety\" wrote that the film is \"clever and cloying by turns, [which is] always seems to be trying to evolve beyond its conventional trappings, and not succeeding as often as Pixar devotees have come to expect\".", "Many of the reviewers praised the sophistication of its nearly photorealistic backgrounds.", "Christopher Orr of \"The Atlantic\" felt it to be the studio's first film explicitly targeted towards children, though it is \"by no means a bad movie", "[...]", "It's a simple story, well-told.\"", "Mark Feeney, writing for \"The Boston Globe\", felt similarly, deeming it a \"very middling movie [...]", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" generally features a sort of sentimentality and emotional reductiveness that make it seem meant for small children as no previous Pixar movie has.\"", "\"The Washington Post\" Stephanie Merry dubbed it \"a nice, conventional story, but it's not Pixar-level imaginative.\"", "Richard Roeper, for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", felt it \"one strange, aggressively gross and dark adventure [...]", "Inconsistent and weird, \"The Good Dinosaur\" is second-level Pixar all the way.\"", "Michael Rechtshaffen of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" panned its \"disappointingly derivative\" screenplay.", "Mark Kermode of \"The Guardian\" says \"But however much it may delight on a scene-by-scene basis, \"The Good Dinosaur\" never comes together as a coherent whole, a crucial flaw for a film by Pixar, which has always put story first.", "\"" ]

[ 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 ]

[ "In 2009, Bob Peterson came up with the idea of exploring what dinosaurs represent in the present day." ]

[ "In an alternate history, the asteroid that would have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago passes safely over Earth.", "Millions of years later, \"Apatosaurus\" corn farmers Henry and Ida have three children: Libby, Buck, and Arlo.", "While his successful siblings are allowed to \"make their mark\" (a mud-print on the family's corn silo), Arlo's timid nature makes tasks difficult for him.", "Henry attempts to give Arlo a sense of purpose by putting him in charge of guarding their silo, and helps him set a trap.", "It captures a feral caveboy, but Arlo cannot bring himself to kill him, and sets him free.", "Disappointed, Henry takes Arlo to track the caveboy, leading them into a ravine.", "Henry saves Arlo from a flash flood before being killed by debris.", "Without his father, Arlo shoulders more of the workload.", "He spots the same caveboy inside the silo and blaming him for his father's death, chases him into a river, where both are swept downstream.", "Arlo is knocked unconscious by a rock, and awakens to find himself miles from home.", "As he tries to return, his leg is caught by a boulder.", "The next day, Arlo wakes to find his leg has been freed.", "The caveboy appears with food, and leads Arlo to a berry tree.", "The caveboy then fends off a large snake, amazing Arlo, and impressing Forrest Woodbush, a nearby eccentric \"Styracosaurus\" who wants to keep the boy.", "He forces Arlo to compete with him to give the boy a name he will respond to, and Arlo wins when he calls the boy \"Spot\".", "Arlo and Spot bond as Arlo laments his lost family, and Spot reveals that his own parents are both dead.", "Later, when a storm strikes, Arlo runs away in fear and loses the riverbank he has been following home.", "The next morning, Arlo wakes to find Spot at his side.", "They are noticed by a band of pterodactyls, who appear to be conducting a rescue operation but turn out to be savagely carnivorous.", "When the pterodactyls try to eat Spot, Arlo and Spot flee, happening upon a pair of \"Tyrannosaurus\" named Nash and Ramsey, who drive off the pterodactyls.", "Nash, Ramsey, and their father Butch have lost their herd of longhorns, so Arlo offers Spot's help in sniffing them out.", "The group locates the herd, but Butch recognizes the work of cattle rustlers.", "Arlo and Spot lure the four rustler \"Velociraptors\" into the open, allowing Butch and his family to attack.", "After the rustlers have been driven off, Arlo joins the \"Tyrannosaurus\" in driving the cattle south.", "Later, he sees the familiar mountain peaks of his homeland in the distance, and leaves with Spot to return home.", "Along the way, they encounter an adult feral caveman in the distance.", "Spot is intrigued, but Arlo dissuades him and they continue on.", "As another storm approaches, the pterodactyls return, attack, and carry Spot away.", "Arlo becomes entangled in vines, where he has a vision of Henry leading him home.", "Arlo instead resolves to save Spot, making the vision of his father proud before it fades away.", "Arlo finds and attacks the pterodactyls, who have cornered Spot in the river.", "Arlo and Spot together plunge the pterodactyls into the water, where they are swept helplessly downstream.", "When a landslide causes a giant wave, Arlo leaps into the water to rescue Spot, and the two are swept away toward a waterfall.", "Arlo protects Spot as they go over the falls, and carries him to shore.", "As they near Arlo's home, the two are approached by the caveman and his entire family, who show great interest in Spot.", "With great reluctance, Arlo pushes Spot to join this new adoptive family, and the two of them share a tearful goodbye.", "Arlo finally arrives home to his mother and siblings, and makes his mark on the silo between those of his mother and father.", "Bob Peterson and Peter Sohn started working on the film in 2009 when Peterson came up with the idea.", "The film's first release date of November 27, 2013, was first announced in June 20, 2011.", "The film was announced as \"The Untitled Pixar Movie About Dinosaurs\" at the D23 Expo on August 21, 2011, which revealed the plot, director and co-director, producer, and other small details.", "On April 24, 2012, Pixar officially revealed the film's title as \"The Good Dinosaur\".", "The filmmakers wanted to explore what dinosaurs represent in the present day, and how they are represented in stereotypes.", "Peterson stated: \"It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur.\"", "Peterson said that his inspiration of the film came from the World's Fair childhood visit where he gets impressed by \"dinosaur animatronics.", "\"\nOn the film's title, Sohn stated, \"The title is deceptively simple.", "It has more meaning than it seems.\"", "He additionally explained: \"Arlo has a lot of issues when he's born.", "He's fearful and he's weak and he's disconnected from the family because of these issues and he feels like he's not worthy, and so he finds a way to become worthy.\"\nIn April 2012, Pixar announced that the film's release date had been shifted from November 27, 2013 to May 30, 2014, with Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Frozen\" taking its place.", "On August 9, 2013, it was announced at the D23 Expo that Lucas Neff, John Lithgow, Frances McDormand, Neil Patrick Harris, Judy Greer, and Bill Hader had joined the cast of the film.", "By mid 2013, Peterson was removed from the film due to story problems.", "Peterson, who could not crack the film's third act, was absent from the D23 Expo where Sohn and producer Denise Ream presented footage from the film.", "Peterson moved on to another project he developed at Pixar while Ream replaced producer John Walker, who left to work on Disney's own \"Tomorrowland\".", "John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews, and Sohn stepped in temporarily to work on various sections of the film.", "In September 2013, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was pushed back from May 30, 2014, to November 25, 2015 (the scheduled release date for Pixar's \"Finding Dory\").", "According to Ream, the primary reason for the rescheduling was because \"the story was not working, period, full stop, it just was not where it needed to be.\"", "In November 2013, due to the delay, Pixar laid off 67 employees of its 1,200-person workforce, following the closure of Pixar Canada a month before, when about 80 employees had been laid off, officially to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters.", "In August 2014, Lithgow revealed in an interview that the film had been dismantled and \"completely reimagined\" and that he was expected to rerecord his role in the next month while mentioning that McDormand was still part of the film.", "In October 2014, Sohn was announced as the new director of the film.", "In November 2014, it was reported that new elements had been added to the story, such as treating nature as the film's antagonist.", "In June 2015, it was announced that the majority of the cast had been revised.", "Of the original cast, only McDormand retained her role in the film.", "It was revealed that Neff had been replaced by Raymond Ochoa, and Lithgow had been replaced by Jeffrey Wright.", "Arlo's three siblings, to be voiced by Harris, Hader, and Greer had been cut down to a single brother named Buck, voiced by Marcus Scribner, and later, a sister named Libby, voiced by Maleah Padilla.", "It was also confirmed that the farmer aspect was still part of the film.", "The filmmakers wanted nature to be the antagonist for the main character Arlo.", "Ream noted \"Nature can overcome anything, including a massive dinosaur.\"", "In order to achieve the needed realism, the film's team traveled to the American Northwest, spending time in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Juntura, Oregon, and southern Montana.", "Production designer Harley Jessup stated that the film \"has a fantastic variety of landscapes,\" which ranged \"from the Jackson Valley and the Tetons to the amazing geysers and waterfalls in Yellowstone,\" as the filmmakers \"studied the grasslands of Montana and the Red Desert\" and used them to incorporate into the film.", "To use the landscapes that they had experienced, the filmmakers used data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and satellite images from Google Earth.", "The geographical data provided a foundation that the team then built on.", "According to supervising technical director Sanjay Bakshi, this gave Sohn \"the freedom to shoot in any direction he wanted to make the world feel big and real.\"", "In addition, \"The Good Dinosaur\" features three-dimensional, volumetric clouds.", "In previous Pixar films, clouds have been \"painted\" onto the sets.", "Light and photography director Sharon Calahan described the storm clouds \"are almost like a villain in the film\", and appeared \"in almost every scene.\"", "Calahan also noted \"These particular clouds can be rendered and we can light them, which we've never been able to properly do before.", "\"\nAccording to the filmmakers, the environments and landscapes in the film are not photo-realistic, they are just detailed in a way that advanced technology and style decisions allow.", "In terms of animating Arlo, animators Rob Thompson and Kevin O'Hara went to a zoo and shot video of elephants in motion.", "A system where Arlo's head goes up and his chest goes down when his hips goes up, was therefore created.", "To get an idea of the scale of Arlo, a complete full-size model was built out of card and foam core.", "In total \"The Good Dinosaur\" took up 300TB of server space, ten times as much space as \"Monsters University\" (2013).", "Arlo was designed so that the audience could identify with him and be able to see the \"boy\" inside the dinosaur.", "Since \"The Good Dinosaur\" is set in a world in which dinosaurs never became extinct, they were instead able to evolve.", "Herbivores like Arlo and his family become farmers, and carnivores like the \"T. rex\" become ranchers.", "Because they are meant to be reminiscent of cowboys, when the \"T. rex\" run, their lower bodies mimic a galloping horse, while their upper bodies have the feel of a riding cowboy.", "To help inspire Butch's physical look and performance, the filmmakers looked at classic film cowboys such as characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood and Jack Palance.", "The film's score was composed by Mychael Danna and his brother, Jeff, replacing Thomas Newman, who was originally attached to score the film when it was set to be directed by Peterson.", "It marks the first Pixar film to be scored by two composers.", "Danna was approached by Sohn and Ream due to his score for \"Life of Pi\", which won an Academy Award.", "Having a lot of work, he invited his brother as a co-writer.", "Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack on November 20, 2015.", "Prior to the film's release on November 19, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur: Dino Crossing\", a mobile arcade-style game, was released.", "The game, later also available on Kindle Fire, was no longer available, according to Common Sense Media; while a figure of Spot and Power Discs of Arlo, Ramsey, Nash, and Butch was also released for \"Disney Infinity 3.0\".", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" was theatrically released on November 25, 2015.", "Before the rescheduling from 2014 to 2015, a \"Monsters University\" short film titled \"Party Central\" was set to accompany the film but was instead shown with the theatrical release of Disney's \"Muppets Most Wanted\".", "In April 2015, it was announced that a new Pixar short, \"Sanjay's Super Team\", directed by Sanjay Patel, would be shown in front of \"The Good Dinosaur\" instead.", "The film received an exclusive run at the Grand Rex in Paris a week before its U.S. and European premiere.", "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released \"The Good Dinosaur\" on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on February 23, 2016.", "Blu-ray bonus features include \"Sanjay's Super Team\", audio commentary, behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and the \"Hide and Seek\" short promotional clip.", "In 2019, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was released on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray.", "In its first week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 686,656 DVDs and 726,042 Blu-rays as the most sold film on both formats in the United States.", "That same week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" topped the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the dedicated Blu-ray sales chart.", "Overall, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 1.8 million DVDs and 1.3 million Blu-rays, adding them up to get a total of 3.1 million copies, and made $64.2 million through home media releases.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed $123.1 million in the United States and Canada and $209.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $332.2 million against a production budget of $175–200 million, which with added marketing costs of $350 million, caused Walt Disney Studios to lose $85 million unadjusted for inflation, and the film to be considered the studio's first box-office bomb.", "Released alongside \"Creed\" and \"Victor Frankenstein\", as well as the wide releases of \"Brooklyn\", \"Spotlight\", and \"Trumbo\", on November 25, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $9.8 million on its first day, including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews.", "It went on to take second place at the opening weekend with $56 million from 3,749 theaters.", "Its second weekend saw the box office drop by 60% to $15.5 million, and \"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed another $10.3 million the following weekend.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" completed its theatrical run in the United States and Canada on April 7, 2016.", "Worldwide, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $29.8 million in its opening weekend in 39 markets, including 8 significant countries.", "Unlike the US, where it had the benefit of the Thanksgiving weekend, it did not have the same benefit internationally.", "Rather, its release date was designed to set it up to run through the December holiday.", "The top countries were the United Kingdom ($7.8 million), Mexico ($6.7 million), France ($6 million), Argentina ($3.8 million), and Russia ($3.7 million).", "Of those, it opened at No. 1 in Mexico, Argentina, and Russia.", "The film's top international markets were the United Kingdom ($22.5 million), France ($18 million), Japan ($14.9 million), Mexico ($13.2 million), and Brazil ($11.8 million).", "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale.", "Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described it as \"antic and unexpected as well as homiletic, rife with subversive elements, wacky critters and some of the most beautiful landscapes ever seen in a computer animated film.\"", "Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" felt the film \"has a few things on its mind, but its tone is overwhelmingly playful, not hectoring.\"", "Joe Morgenstern of \"The Wall Street Journal\" opined that \"As Pixar productions go, this one isn't a groundbreaker, but it's heartfelt and endearing, as well as visually splendiferous, and kids will love it for sure.\"", "Justin Chang of \"Variety\" wrote that the film is \"clever and cloying by turns, [which is] always seems to be trying to evolve beyond its conventional trappings, and not succeeding as often as Pixar devotees have come to expect\".", "Many of the reviewers praised the sophistication of its nearly photorealistic backgrounds.", "Christopher Orr of \"The Atlantic\" felt it to be the studio's first film explicitly targeted towards children, though it is \"by no means a bad movie", "[...]", "It's a simple story, well-told.\"", "Mark Feeney, writing for \"The Boston Globe\", felt similarly, deeming it a \"very middling movie [...]", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" generally features a sort of sentimentality and emotional reductiveness that make it seem meant for small children as no previous Pixar movie has.\"", "\"The Washington Post\" Stephanie Merry dubbed it \"a nice, conventional story, but it's not Pixar-level imaginative.\"", "Richard Roeper, for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", felt it \"one strange, aggressively gross and dark adventure [...]", "Inconsistent and weird, \"The Good Dinosaur\" is second-level Pixar all the way.\"", "Michael Rechtshaffen of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" panned its \"disappointingly derivative\" screenplay.", "Mark Kermode of \"The Guardian\" says \"But however much it may delight on a scene-by-scene basis, \"The Good Dinosaur\" never comes together as a coherent whole, a crucial flaw for a film by Pixar, which has always put story first.", "\"" ]

[ 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 ]

[ "To create a realistic background for the film, the team traveled to various American landscapes, which were later incorporated into the film.", "Arlo is designed to look distinct and relatable, in order to connect with audiences." ]

[ "In an alternate history, the asteroid that would have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago passes safely over Earth.", "Millions of years later, \"Apatosaurus\" corn farmers Henry and Ida have three children: Libby, Buck, and Arlo.", "While his successful siblings are allowed to \"make their mark\" (a mud-print on the family's corn silo), Arlo's timid nature makes tasks difficult for him.", "Henry attempts to give Arlo a sense of purpose by putting him in charge of guarding their silo, and helps him set a trap.", "It captures a feral caveboy, but Arlo cannot bring himself to kill him, and sets him free.", "Disappointed, Henry takes Arlo to track the caveboy, leading them into a ravine.", "Henry saves Arlo from a flash flood before being killed by debris.", "Without his father, Arlo shoulders more of the workload.", "He spots the same caveboy inside the silo and blaming him for his father's death, chases him into a river, where both are swept downstream.", "Arlo is knocked unconscious by a rock, and awakens to find himself miles from home.", "As he tries to return, his leg is caught by a boulder.", "The next day, Arlo wakes to find his leg has been freed.", "The caveboy appears with food, and leads Arlo to a berry tree.", "The caveboy then fends off a large snake, amazing Arlo, and impressing Forrest Woodbush, a nearby eccentric \"Styracosaurus\" who wants to keep the boy.", "He forces Arlo to compete with him to give the boy a name he will respond to, and Arlo wins when he calls the boy \"Spot\".", "Arlo and Spot bond as Arlo laments his lost family, and Spot reveals that his own parents are both dead.", "Later, when a storm strikes, Arlo runs away in fear and loses the riverbank he has been following home.", "The next morning, Arlo wakes to find Spot at his side.", "They are noticed by a band of pterodactyls, who appear to be conducting a rescue operation but turn out to be savagely carnivorous.", "When the pterodactyls try to eat Spot, Arlo and Spot flee, happening upon a pair of \"Tyrannosaurus\" named Nash and Ramsey, who drive off the pterodactyls.", "Nash, Ramsey, and their father Butch have lost their herd of longhorns, so Arlo offers Spot's help in sniffing them out.", "The group locates the herd, but Butch recognizes the work of cattle rustlers.", "Arlo and Spot lure the four rustler \"Velociraptors\" into the open, allowing Butch and his family to attack.", "After the rustlers have been driven off, Arlo joins the \"Tyrannosaurus\" in driving the cattle south.", "Later, he sees the familiar mountain peaks of his homeland in the distance, and leaves with Spot to return home.", "Along the way, they encounter an adult feral caveman in the distance.", "Spot is intrigued, but Arlo dissuades him and they continue on.", "As another storm approaches, the pterodactyls return, attack, and carry Spot away.", "Arlo becomes entangled in vines, where he has a vision of Henry leading him home.", "Arlo instead resolves to save Spot, making the vision of his father proud before it fades away.", "Arlo finds and attacks the pterodactyls, who have cornered Spot in the river.", "Arlo and Spot together plunge the pterodactyls into the water, where they are swept helplessly downstream.", "When a landslide causes a giant wave, Arlo leaps into the water to rescue Spot, and the two are swept away toward a waterfall.", "Arlo protects Spot as they go over the falls, and carries him to shore.", "As they near Arlo's home, the two are approached by the caveman and his entire family, who show great interest in Spot.", "With great reluctance, Arlo pushes Spot to join this new adoptive family, and the two of them share a tearful goodbye.", "Arlo finally arrives home to his mother and siblings, and makes his mark on the silo between those of his mother and father.", "Bob Peterson and Peter Sohn started working on the film in 2009 when Peterson came up with the idea.", "The film's first release date of November 27, 2013, was first announced in June 20, 2011.", "The film was announced as \"The Untitled Pixar Movie About Dinosaurs\" at the D23 Expo on August 21, 2011, which revealed the plot, director and co-director, producer, and other small details.", "On April 24, 2012, Pixar officially revealed the film's title as \"The Good Dinosaur\".", "The filmmakers wanted to explore what dinosaurs represent in the present day, and how they are represented in stereotypes.", "Peterson stated: \"It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur.\"", "Peterson said that his inspiration of the film came from the World's Fair childhood visit where he gets impressed by \"dinosaur animatronics.", "\"\nOn the film's title, Sohn stated, \"The title is deceptively simple.", "It has more meaning than it seems.\"", "He additionally explained: \"Arlo has a lot of issues when he's born.", "He's fearful and he's weak and he's disconnected from the family because of these issues and he feels like he's not worthy, and so he finds a way to become worthy.\"\nIn April 2012, Pixar announced that the film's release date had been shifted from November 27, 2013 to May 30, 2014, with Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Frozen\" taking its place.", "On August 9, 2013, it was announced at the D23 Expo that Lucas Neff, John Lithgow, Frances McDormand, Neil Patrick Harris, Judy Greer, and Bill Hader had joined the cast of the film.", "By mid 2013, Peterson was removed from the film due to story problems.", "Peterson, who could not crack the film's third act, was absent from the D23 Expo where Sohn and producer Denise Ream presented footage from the film.", "Peterson moved on to another project he developed at Pixar while Ream replaced producer John Walker, who left to work on Disney's own \"Tomorrowland\".", "John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews, and Sohn stepped in temporarily to work on various sections of the film.", "In September 2013, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was pushed back from May 30, 2014, to November 25, 2015 (the scheduled release date for Pixar's \"Finding Dory\").", "According to Ream, the primary reason for the rescheduling was because \"the story was not working, period, full stop, it just was not where it needed to be.\"", "In November 2013, due to the delay, Pixar laid off 67 employees of its 1,200-person workforce, following the closure of Pixar Canada a month before, when about 80 employees had been laid off, officially to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters.", "In August 2014, Lithgow revealed in an interview that the film had been dismantled and \"completely reimagined\" and that he was expected to rerecord his role in the next month while mentioning that McDormand was still part of the film.", "In October 2014, Sohn was announced as the new director of the film.", "In November 2014, it was reported that new elements had been added to the story, such as treating nature as the film's antagonist.", "In June 2015, it was announced that the majority of the cast had been revised.", "Of the original cast, only McDormand retained her role in the film.", "It was revealed that Neff had been replaced by Raymond Ochoa, and Lithgow had been replaced by Jeffrey Wright.", "Arlo's three siblings, to be voiced by Harris, Hader, and Greer had been cut down to a single brother named Buck, voiced by Marcus Scribner, and later, a sister named Libby, voiced by Maleah Padilla.", "It was also confirmed that the farmer aspect was still part of the film.", "The filmmakers wanted nature to be the antagonist for the main character Arlo.", "Ream noted \"Nature can overcome anything, including a massive dinosaur.\"", "In order to achieve the needed realism, the film's team traveled to the American Northwest, spending time in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Juntura, Oregon, and southern Montana.", "Production designer Harley Jessup stated that the film \"has a fantastic variety of landscapes,\" which ranged \"from the Jackson Valley and the Tetons to the amazing geysers and waterfalls in Yellowstone,\" as the filmmakers \"studied the grasslands of Montana and the Red Desert\" and used them to incorporate into the film.", "To use the landscapes that they had experienced, the filmmakers used data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and satellite images from Google Earth.", "The geographical data provided a foundation that the team then built on.", "According to supervising technical director Sanjay Bakshi, this gave Sohn \"the freedom to shoot in any direction he wanted to make the world feel big and real.\"", "In addition, \"The Good Dinosaur\" features three-dimensional, volumetric clouds.", "In previous Pixar films, clouds have been \"painted\" onto the sets.", "Light and photography director Sharon Calahan described the storm clouds \"are almost like a villain in the film\", and appeared \"in almost every scene.\"", "Calahan also noted \"These particular clouds can be rendered and we can light them, which we've never been able to properly do before.", "\"\nAccording to the filmmakers, the environments and landscapes in the film are not photo-realistic, they are just detailed in a way that advanced technology and style decisions allow.", "In terms of animating Arlo, animators Rob Thompson and Kevin O'Hara went to a zoo and shot video of elephants in motion.", "A system where Arlo's head goes up and his chest goes down when his hips goes up, was therefore created.", "To get an idea of the scale of Arlo, a complete full-size model was built out of card and foam core.", "In total \"The Good Dinosaur\" took up 300TB of server space, ten times as much space as \"Monsters University\" (2013).", "Arlo was designed so that the audience could identify with him and be able to see the \"boy\" inside the dinosaur.", "Since \"The Good Dinosaur\" is set in a world in which dinosaurs never became extinct, they were instead able to evolve.", "Herbivores like Arlo and his family become farmers, and carnivores like the \"T. rex\" become ranchers.", "Because they are meant to be reminiscent of cowboys, when the \"T. rex\" run, their lower bodies mimic a galloping horse, while their upper bodies have the feel of a riding cowboy.", "To help inspire Butch's physical look and performance, the filmmakers looked at classic film cowboys such as characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood and Jack Palance.", "The film's score was composed by Mychael Danna and his brother, Jeff, replacing Thomas Newman, who was originally attached to score the film when it was set to be directed by Peterson.", "It marks the first Pixar film to be scored by two composers.", "Danna was approached by Sohn and Ream due to his score for \"Life of Pi\", which won an Academy Award.", "Having a lot of work, he invited his brother as a co-writer.", "Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack on November 20, 2015.", "Prior to the film's release on November 19, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur: Dino Crossing\", a mobile arcade-style game, was released.", "The game, later also available on Kindle Fire, was no longer available, according to Common Sense Media; while a figure of Spot and Power Discs of Arlo, Ramsey, Nash, and Butch was also released for \"Disney Infinity 3.0\".", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" was theatrically released on November 25, 2015.", "Before the rescheduling from 2014 to 2015, a \"Monsters University\" short film titled \"Party Central\" was set to accompany the film but was instead shown with the theatrical release of Disney's \"Muppets Most Wanted\".", "In April 2015, it was announced that a new Pixar short, \"Sanjay's Super Team\", directed by Sanjay Patel, would be shown in front of \"The Good Dinosaur\" instead.", "The film received an exclusive run at the Grand Rex in Paris a week before its U.S. and European premiere.", "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released \"The Good Dinosaur\" on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on February 23, 2016.", "Blu-ray bonus features include \"Sanjay's Super Team\", audio commentary, behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and the \"Hide and Seek\" short promotional clip.", "In 2019, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was released on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray.", "In its first week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 686,656 DVDs and 726,042 Blu-rays as the most sold film on both formats in the United States.", "That same week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" topped the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the dedicated Blu-ray sales chart.", "Overall, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 1.8 million DVDs and 1.3 million Blu-rays, adding them up to get a total of 3.1 million copies, and made $64.2 million through home media releases.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed $123.1 million in the United States and Canada and $209.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $332.2 million against a production budget of $175–200 million, which with added marketing costs of $350 million, caused Walt Disney Studios to lose $85 million unadjusted for inflation, and the film to be considered the studio's first box-office bomb.", "Released alongside \"Creed\" and \"Victor Frankenstein\", as well as the wide releases of \"Brooklyn\", \"Spotlight\", and \"Trumbo\", on November 25, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $9.8 million on its first day, including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews.", "It went on to take second place at the opening weekend with $56 million from 3,749 theaters.", "Its second weekend saw the box office drop by 60% to $15.5 million, and \"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed another $10.3 million the following weekend.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" completed its theatrical run in the United States and Canada on April 7, 2016.", "Worldwide, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $29.8 million in its opening weekend in 39 markets, including 8 significant countries.", "Unlike the US, where it had the benefit of the Thanksgiving weekend, it did not have the same benefit internationally.", "Rather, its release date was designed to set it up to run through the December holiday.", "The top countries were the United Kingdom ($7.8 million), Mexico ($6.7 million), France ($6 million), Argentina ($3.8 million), and Russia ($3.7 million).", "Of those, it opened at No. 1 in Mexico, Argentina, and Russia.", "The film's top international markets were the United Kingdom ($22.5 million), France ($18 million), Japan ($14.9 million), Mexico ($13.2 million), and Brazil ($11.8 million).", "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale.", "Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described it as \"antic and unexpected as well as homiletic, rife with subversive elements, wacky critters and some of the most beautiful landscapes ever seen in a computer animated film.\"", "Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" felt the film \"has a few things on its mind, but its tone is overwhelmingly playful, not hectoring.\"", "Joe Morgenstern of \"The Wall Street Journal\" opined that \"As Pixar productions go, this one isn't a groundbreaker, but it's heartfelt and endearing, as well as visually splendiferous, and kids will love it for sure.\"", "Justin Chang of \"Variety\" wrote that the film is \"clever and cloying by turns, [which is] always seems to be trying to evolve beyond its conventional trappings, and not succeeding as often as Pixar devotees have come to expect\".", "Many of the reviewers praised the sophistication of its nearly photorealistic backgrounds.", "Christopher Orr of \"The Atlantic\" felt it to be the studio's first film explicitly targeted towards children, though it is \"by no means a bad movie", "[...]", "It's a simple story, well-told.\"", "Mark Feeney, writing for \"The Boston Globe\", felt similarly, deeming it a \"very middling movie [...]", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" generally features a sort of sentimentality and emotional reductiveness that make it seem meant for small children as no previous Pixar movie has.\"", "\"The Washington Post\" Stephanie Merry dubbed it \"a nice, conventional story, but it's not Pixar-level imaginative.\"", "Richard Roeper, for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", felt it \"one strange, aggressively gross and dark adventure [...]", "Inconsistent and weird, \"The Good Dinosaur\" is second-level Pixar all the way.\"", "Michael Rechtshaffen of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" panned its \"disappointingly derivative\" screenplay.", "Mark Kermode of \"The Guardian\" says \"But however much it may delight on a scene-by-scene basis, \"The Good Dinosaur\" never comes together as a coherent whole, a crucial flaw for a film by Pixar, which has always put story first.", "\"" ]

[ 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 ]

[ "\"The Good Dinosaur\" premiered on November 10, 2015, in Paris, and was released in the United States on November 25, 2015 in the Disney Digital 3D and RealD 3D formats." ]

[ "In an alternate history, the asteroid that would have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago passes safely over Earth.", "Millions of years later, \"Apatosaurus\" corn farmers Henry and Ida have three children: Libby, Buck, and Arlo.", "While his successful siblings are allowed to \"make their mark\" (a mud-print on the family's corn silo), Arlo's timid nature makes tasks difficult for him.", "Henry attempts to give Arlo a sense of purpose by putting him in charge of guarding their silo, and helps him set a trap.", "It captures a feral caveboy, but Arlo cannot bring himself to kill him, and sets him free.", "Disappointed, Henry takes Arlo to track the caveboy, leading them into a ravine.", "Henry saves Arlo from a flash flood before being killed by debris.", "Without his father, Arlo shoulders more of the workload.", "He spots the same caveboy inside the silo and blaming him for his father's death, chases him into a river, where both are swept downstream.", "Arlo is knocked unconscious by a rock, and awakens to find himself miles from home.", "As he tries to return, his leg is caught by a boulder.", "The next day, Arlo wakes to find his leg has been freed.", "The caveboy appears with food, and leads Arlo to a berry tree.", "The caveboy then fends off a large snake, amazing Arlo, and impressing Forrest Woodbush, a nearby eccentric \"Styracosaurus\" who wants to keep the boy.", "He forces Arlo to compete with him to give the boy a name he will respond to, and Arlo wins when he calls the boy \"Spot\".", "Arlo and Spot bond as Arlo laments his lost family, and Spot reveals that his own parents are both dead.", "Later, when a storm strikes, Arlo runs away in fear and loses the riverbank he has been following home.", "The next morning, Arlo wakes to find Spot at his side.", "They are noticed by a band of pterodactyls, who appear to be conducting a rescue operation but turn out to be savagely carnivorous.", "When the pterodactyls try to eat Spot, Arlo and Spot flee, happening upon a pair of \"Tyrannosaurus\" named Nash and Ramsey, who drive off the pterodactyls.", "Nash, Ramsey, and their father Butch have lost their herd of longhorns, so Arlo offers Spot's help in sniffing them out.", "The group locates the herd, but Butch recognizes the work of cattle rustlers.", "Arlo and Spot lure the four rustler \"Velociraptors\" into the open, allowing Butch and his family to attack.", "After the rustlers have been driven off, Arlo joins the \"Tyrannosaurus\" in driving the cattle south.", "Later, he sees the familiar mountain peaks of his homeland in the distance, and leaves with Spot to return home.", "Along the way, they encounter an adult feral caveman in the distance.", "Spot is intrigued, but Arlo dissuades him and they continue on.", "As another storm approaches, the pterodactyls return, attack, and carry Spot away.", "Arlo becomes entangled in vines, where he has a vision of Henry leading him home.", "Arlo instead resolves to save Spot, making the vision of his father proud before it fades away.", "Arlo finds and attacks the pterodactyls, who have cornered Spot in the river.", "Arlo and Spot together plunge the pterodactyls into the water, where they are swept helplessly downstream.", "When a landslide causes a giant wave, Arlo leaps into the water to rescue Spot, and the two are swept away toward a waterfall.", "Arlo protects Spot as they go over the falls, and carries him to shore.", "As they near Arlo's home, the two are approached by the caveman and his entire family, who show great interest in Spot.", "With great reluctance, Arlo pushes Spot to join this new adoptive family, and the two of them share a tearful goodbye.", "Arlo finally arrives home to his mother and siblings, and makes his mark on the silo between those of his mother and father.", "Bob Peterson and Peter Sohn started working on the film in 2009 when Peterson came up with the idea.", "The film's first release date of November 27, 2013, was first announced in June 20, 2011.", "The film was announced as \"The Untitled Pixar Movie About Dinosaurs\" at the D23 Expo on August 21, 2011, which revealed the plot, director and co-director, producer, and other small details.", "On April 24, 2012, Pixar officially revealed the film's title as \"The Good Dinosaur\".", "The filmmakers wanted to explore what dinosaurs represent in the present day, and how they are represented in stereotypes.", "Peterson stated: \"It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur.\"", "Peterson said that his inspiration of the film came from the World's Fair childhood visit where he gets impressed by \"dinosaur animatronics.", "\"\nOn the film's title, Sohn stated, \"The title is deceptively simple.", "It has more meaning than it seems.\"", "He additionally explained: \"Arlo has a lot of issues when he's born.", "He's fearful and he's weak and he's disconnected from the family because of these issues and he feels like he's not worthy, and so he finds a way to become worthy.\"\nIn April 2012, Pixar announced that the film's release date had been shifted from November 27, 2013 to May 30, 2014, with Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Frozen\" taking its place.", "On August 9, 2013, it was announced at the D23 Expo that Lucas Neff, John Lithgow, Frances McDormand, Neil Patrick Harris, Judy Greer, and Bill Hader had joined the cast of the film.", "By mid 2013, Peterson was removed from the film due to story problems.", "Peterson, who could not crack the film's third act, was absent from the D23 Expo where Sohn and producer Denise Ream presented footage from the film.", "Peterson moved on to another project he developed at Pixar while Ream replaced producer John Walker, who left to work on Disney's own \"Tomorrowland\".", "John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews, and Sohn stepped in temporarily to work on various sections of the film.", "In September 2013, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was pushed back from May 30, 2014, to November 25, 2015 (the scheduled release date for Pixar's \"Finding Dory\").", "According to Ream, the primary reason for the rescheduling was because \"the story was not working, period, full stop, it just was not where it needed to be.\"", "In November 2013, due to the delay, Pixar laid off 67 employees of its 1,200-person workforce, following the closure of Pixar Canada a month before, when about 80 employees had been laid off, officially to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters.", "In August 2014, Lithgow revealed in an interview that the film had been dismantled and \"completely reimagined\" and that he was expected to rerecord his role in the next month while mentioning that McDormand was still part of the film.", "In October 2014, Sohn was announced as the new director of the film.", "In November 2014, it was reported that new elements had been added to the story, such as treating nature as the film's antagonist.", "In June 2015, it was announced that the majority of the cast had been revised.", "Of the original cast, only McDormand retained her role in the film.", "It was revealed that Neff had been replaced by Raymond Ochoa, and Lithgow had been replaced by Jeffrey Wright.", "Arlo's three siblings, to be voiced by Harris, Hader, and Greer had been cut down to a single brother named Buck, voiced by Marcus Scribner, and later, a sister named Libby, voiced by Maleah Padilla.", "It was also confirmed that the farmer aspect was still part of the film.", "The filmmakers wanted nature to be the antagonist for the main character Arlo.", "Ream noted \"Nature can overcome anything, including a massive dinosaur.\"", "In order to achieve the needed realism, the film's team traveled to the American Northwest, spending time in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Juntura, Oregon, and southern Montana.", "Production designer Harley Jessup stated that the film \"has a fantastic variety of landscapes,\" which ranged \"from the Jackson Valley and the Tetons to the amazing geysers and waterfalls in Yellowstone,\" as the filmmakers \"studied the grasslands of Montana and the Red Desert\" and used them to incorporate into the film.", "To use the landscapes that they had experienced, the filmmakers used data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and satellite images from Google Earth.", "The geographical data provided a foundation that the team then built on.", "According to supervising technical director Sanjay Bakshi, this gave Sohn \"the freedom to shoot in any direction he wanted to make the world feel big and real.\"", "In addition, \"The Good Dinosaur\" features three-dimensional, volumetric clouds.", "In previous Pixar films, clouds have been \"painted\" onto the sets.", "Light and photography director Sharon Calahan described the storm clouds \"are almost like a villain in the film\", and appeared \"in almost every scene.\"", "Calahan also noted \"These particular clouds can be rendered and we can light them, which we've never been able to properly do before.", "\"\nAccording to the filmmakers, the environments and landscapes in the film are not photo-realistic, they are just detailed in a way that advanced technology and style decisions allow.", "In terms of animating Arlo, animators Rob Thompson and Kevin O'Hara went to a zoo and shot video of elephants in motion.", "A system where Arlo's head goes up and his chest goes down when his hips goes up, was therefore created.", "To get an idea of the scale of Arlo, a complete full-size model was built out of card and foam core.", "In total \"The Good Dinosaur\" took up 300TB of server space, ten times as much space as \"Monsters University\" (2013).", "Arlo was designed so that the audience could identify with him and be able to see the \"boy\" inside the dinosaur.", "Since \"The Good Dinosaur\" is set in a world in which dinosaurs never became extinct, they were instead able to evolve.", "Herbivores like Arlo and his family become farmers, and carnivores like the \"T. rex\" become ranchers.", "Because they are meant to be reminiscent of cowboys, when the \"T. rex\" run, their lower bodies mimic a galloping horse, while their upper bodies have the feel of a riding cowboy.", "To help inspire Butch's physical look and performance, the filmmakers looked at classic film cowboys such as characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood and Jack Palance.", "The film's score was composed by Mychael Danna and his brother, Jeff, replacing Thomas Newman, who was originally attached to score the film when it was set to be directed by Peterson.", "It marks the first Pixar film to be scored by two composers.", "Danna was approached by Sohn and Ream due to his score for \"Life of Pi\", which won an Academy Award.", "Having a lot of work, he invited his brother as a co-writer.", "Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack on November 20, 2015.", "Prior to the film's release on November 19, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur: Dino Crossing\", a mobile arcade-style game, was released.", "The game, later also available on Kindle Fire, was no longer available, according to Common Sense Media; while a figure of Spot and Power Discs of Arlo, Ramsey, Nash, and Butch was also released for \"Disney Infinity 3.0\".", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" was theatrically released on November 25, 2015.", "Before the rescheduling from 2014 to 2015, a \"Monsters University\" short film titled \"Party Central\" was set to accompany the film but was instead shown with the theatrical release of Disney's \"Muppets Most Wanted\".", "In April 2015, it was announced that a new Pixar short, \"Sanjay's Super Team\", directed by Sanjay Patel, would be shown in front of \"The Good Dinosaur\" instead.", "The film received an exclusive run at the Grand Rex in Paris a week before its U.S. and European premiere.", "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released \"The Good Dinosaur\" on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on February 23, 2016.", "Blu-ray bonus features include \"Sanjay's Super Team\", audio commentary, behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and the \"Hide and Seek\" short promotional clip.", "In 2019, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was released on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray.", "In its first week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 686,656 DVDs and 726,042 Blu-rays as the most sold film on both formats in the United States.", "That same week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" topped the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the dedicated Blu-ray sales chart.", "Overall, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 1.8 million DVDs and 1.3 million Blu-rays, adding them up to get a total of 3.1 million copies, and made $64.2 million through home media releases.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed $123.1 million in the United States and Canada and $209.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $332.2 million against a production budget of $175–200 million, which with added marketing costs of $350 million, caused Walt Disney Studios to lose $85 million unadjusted for inflation, and the film to be considered the studio's first box-office bomb.", "Released alongside \"Creed\" and \"Victor Frankenstein\", as well as the wide releases of \"Brooklyn\", \"Spotlight\", and \"Trumbo\", on November 25, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $9.8 million on its first day, including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews.", "It went on to take second place at the opening weekend with $56 million from 3,749 theaters.", "Its second weekend saw the box office drop by 60% to $15.5 million, and \"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed another $10.3 million the following weekend.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" completed its theatrical run in the United States and Canada on April 7, 2016.", "Worldwide, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $29.8 million in its opening weekend in 39 markets, including 8 significant countries.", "Unlike the US, where it had the benefit of the Thanksgiving weekend, it did not have the same benefit internationally.", "Rather, its release date was designed to set it up to run through the December holiday.", "The top countries were the United Kingdom ($7.8 million), Mexico ($6.7 million), France ($6 million), Argentina ($3.8 million), and Russia ($3.7 million).", "Of those, it opened at No. 1 in Mexico, Argentina, and Russia.", "The film's top international markets were the United Kingdom ($22.5 million), France ($18 million), Japan ($14.9 million), Mexico ($13.2 million), and Brazil ($11.8 million).", "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale.", "Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described it as \"antic and unexpected as well as homiletic, rife with subversive elements, wacky critters and some of the most beautiful landscapes ever seen in a computer animated film.\"", "Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" felt the film \"has a few things on its mind, but its tone is overwhelmingly playful, not hectoring.\"", "Joe Morgenstern of \"The Wall Street Journal\" opined that \"As Pixar productions go, this one isn't a groundbreaker, but it's heartfelt and endearing, as well as visually splendiferous, and kids will love it for sure.\"", "Justin Chang of \"Variety\" wrote that the film is \"clever and cloying by turns, [which is] always seems to be trying to evolve beyond its conventional trappings, and not succeeding as often as Pixar devotees have come to expect\".", "Many of the reviewers praised the sophistication of its nearly photorealistic backgrounds.", "Christopher Orr of \"The Atlantic\" felt it to be the studio's first film explicitly targeted towards children, though it is \"by no means a bad movie", "[...]", "It's a simple story, well-told.\"", "Mark Feeney, writing for \"The Boston Globe\", felt similarly, deeming it a \"very middling movie [...]", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" generally features a sort of sentimentality and emotional reductiveness that make it seem meant for small children as no previous Pixar movie has.\"", "\"The Washington Post\" Stephanie Merry dubbed it \"a nice, conventional story, but it's not Pixar-level imaginative.\"", "Richard Roeper, for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", felt it \"one strange, aggressively gross and dark adventure [...]", "Inconsistent and weird, \"The Good Dinosaur\" is second-level Pixar all the way.\"", "Michael Rechtshaffen of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" panned its \"disappointingly derivative\" screenplay.", "Mark Kermode of \"The Guardian\" says \"But however much it may delight on a scene-by-scene basis, \"The Good Dinosaur\" never comes together as a coherent whole, a crucial flaw for a film by Pixar, which has always put story first.", "\"" ]

[ 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129 ]

[ "The Good Dinosaur is a 2015 American computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "However, it grossed $332.2 million on a $175–200 million budget, making it Pixar's first box-office bomb." ]

[ "In an alternate history, the asteroid that would have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago passes safely over Earth.", "Millions of years later, \"Apatosaurus\" corn farmers Henry and Ida have three children: Libby, Buck, and Arlo.", "While his successful siblings are allowed to \"make their mark\" (a mud-print on the family's corn silo), Arlo's timid nature makes tasks difficult for him.", "Henry attempts to give Arlo a sense of purpose by putting him in charge of guarding their silo, and helps him set a trap.", "It captures a feral caveboy, but Arlo cannot bring himself to kill him, and sets him free.", "Disappointed, Henry takes Arlo to track the caveboy, leading them into a ravine.", "Henry saves Arlo from a flash flood before being killed by debris.", "Without his father, Arlo shoulders more of the workload.", "He spots the same caveboy inside the silo and blaming him for his father's death, chases him into a river, where both are swept downstream.", "Arlo is knocked unconscious by a rock, and awakens to find himself miles from home.", "As he tries to return, his leg is caught by a boulder.", "The next day, Arlo wakes to find his leg has been freed.", "The caveboy appears with food, and leads Arlo to a berry tree.", "The caveboy then fends off a large snake, amazing Arlo, and impressing Forrest Woodbush, a nearby eccentric \"Styracosaurus\" who wants to keep the boy.", "He forces Arlo to compete with him to give the boy a name he will respond to, and Arlo wins when he calls the boy \"Spot\".", "Arlo and Spot bond as Arlo laments his lost family, and Spot reveals that his own parents are both dead.", "Later, when a storm strikes, Arlo runs away in fear and loses the riverbank he has been following home.", "The next morning, Arlo wakes to find Spot at his side.", "They are noticed by a band of pterodactyls, who appear to be conducting a rescue operation but turn out to be savagely carnivorous.", "When the pterodactyls try to eat Spot, Arlo and Spot flee, happening upon a pair of \"Tyrannosaurus\" named Nash and Ramsey, who drive off the pterodactyls.", "Nash, Ramsey, and their father Butch have lost their herd of longhorns, so Arlo offers Spot's help in sniffing them out.", "The group locates the herd, but Butch recognizes the work of cattle rustlers.", "Arlo and Spot lure the four rustler \"Velociraptors\" into the open, allowing Butch and his family to attack.", "After the rustlers have been driven off, Arlo joins the \"Tyrannosaurus\" in driving the cattle south.", "Later, he sees the familiar mountain peaks of his homeland in the distance, and leaves with Spot to return home.", "Along the way, they encounter an adult feral caveman in the distance.", "Spot is intrigued, but Arlo dissuades him and they continue on.", "As another storm approaches, the pterodactyls return, attack, and carry Spot away.", "Arlo becomes entangled in vines, where he has a vision of Henry leading him home.", "Arlo instead resolves to save Spot, making the vision of his father proud before it fades away.", "Arlo finds and attacks the pterodactyls, who have cornered Spot in the river.", "Arlo and Spot together plunge the pterodactyls into the water, where they are swept helplessly downstream.", "When a landslide causes a giant wave, Arlo leaps into the water to rescue Spot, and the two are swept away toward a waterfall.", "Arlo protects Spot as they go over the falls, and carries him to shore.", "As they near Arlo's home, the two are approached by the caveman and his entire family, who show great interest in Spot.", "With great reluctance, Arlo pushes Spot to join this new adoptive family, and the two of them share a tearful goodbye.", "Arlo finally arrives home to his mother and siblings, and makes his mark on the silo between those of his mother and father.", "Bob Peterson and Peter Sohn started working on the film in 2009 when Peterson came up with the idea.", "The film's first release date of November 27, 2013, was first announced in June 20, 2011.", "The film was announced as \"The Untitled Pixar Movie About Dinosaurs\" at the D23 Expo on August 21, 2011, which revealed the plot, director and co-director, producer, and other small details.", "On April 24, 2012, Pixar officially revealed the film's title as \"The Good Dinosaur\".", "The filmmakers wanted to explore what dinosaurs represent in the present day, and how they are represented in stereotypes.", "Peterson stated: \"It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur.\"", "Peterson said that his inspiration of the film came from the World's Fair childhood visit where he gets impressed by \"dinosaur animatronics.", "\"\nOn the film's title, Sohn stated, \"The title is deceptively simple.", "It has more meaning than it seems.\"", "He additionally explained: \"Arlo has a lot of issues when he's born.", "He's fearful and he's weak and he's disconnected from the family because of these issues and he feels like he's not worthy, and so he finds a way to become worthy.\"\nIn April 2012, Pixar announced that the film's release date had been shifted from November 27, 2013 to May 30, 2014, with Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Frozen\" taking its place.", "On August 9, 2013, it was announced at the D23 Expo that Lucas Neff, John Lithgow, Frances McDormand, Neil Patrick Harris, Judy Greer, and Bill Hader had joined the cast of the film.", "By mid 2013, Peterson was removed from the film due to story problems.", "Peterson, who could not crack the film's third act, was absent from the D23 Expo where Sohn and producer Denise Ream presented footage from the film.", "Peterson moved on to another project he developed at Pixar while Ream replaced producer John Walker, who left to work on Disney's own \"Tomorrowland\".", "John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews, and Sohn stepped in temporarily to work on various sections of the film.", "In September 2013, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was pushed back from May 30, 2014, to November 25, 2015 (the scheduled release date for Pixar's \"Finding Dory\").", "According to Ream, the primary reason for the rescheduling was because \"the story was not working, period, full stop, it just was not where it needed to be.\"", "In November 2013, due to the delay, Pixar laid off 67 employees of its 1,200-person workforce, following the closure of Pixar Canada a month before, when about 80 employees had been laid off, officially to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters.", "In August 2014, Lithgow revealed in an interview that the film had been dismantled and \"completely reimagined\" and that he was expected to rerecord his role in the next month while mentioning that McDormand was still part of the film.", "In October 2014, Sohn was announced as the new director of the film.", "In November 2014, it was reported that new elements had been added to the story, such as treating nature as the film's antagonist.", "In June 2015, it was announced that the majority of the cast had been revised.", "Of the original cast, only McDormand retained her role in the film.", "It was revealed that Neff had been replaced by Raymond Ochoa, and Lithgow had been replaced by Jeffrey Wright.", "Arlo's three siblings, to be voiced by Harris, Hader, and Greer had been cut down to a single brother named Buck, voiced by Marcus Scribner, and later, a sister named Libby, voiced by Maleah Padilla.", "It was also confirmed that the farmer aspect was still part of the film.", "The filmmakers wanted nature to be the antagonist for the main character Arlo.", "Ream noted \"Nature can overcome anything, including a massive dinosaur.\"", "In order to achieve the needed realism, the film's team traveled to the American Northwest, spending time in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Juntura, Oregon, and southern Montana.", "Production designer Harley Jessup stated that the film \"has a fantastic variety of landscapes,\" which ranged \"from the Jackson Valley and the Tetons to the amazing geysers and waterfalls in Yellowstone,\" as the filmmakers \"studied the grasslands of Montana and the Red Desert\" and used them to incorporate into the film.", "To use the landscapes that they had experienced, the filmmakers used data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and satellite images from Google Earth.", "The geographical data provided a foundation that the team then built on.", "According to supervising technical director Sanjay Bakshi, this gave Sohn \"the freedom to shoot in any direction he wanted to make the world feel big and real.\"", "In addition, \"The Good Dinosaur\" features three-dimensional, volumetric clouds.", "In previous Pixar films, clouds have been \"painted\" onto the sets.", "Light and photography director Sharon Calahan described the storm clouds \"are almost like a villain in the film\", and appeared \"in almost every scene.\"", "Calahan also noted \"These particular clouds can be rendered and we can light them, which we've never been able to properly do before.", "\"\nAccording to the filmmakers, the environments and landscapes in the film are not photo-realistic, they are just detailed in a way that advanced technology and style decisions allow.", "In terms of animating Arlo, animators Rob Thompson and Kevin O'Hara went to a zoo and shot video of elephants in motion.", "A system where Arlo's head goes up and his chest goes down when his hips goes up, was therefore created.", "To get an idea of the scale of Arlo, a complete full-size model was built out of card and foam core.", "In total \"The Good Dinosaur\" took up 300TB of server space, ten times as much space as \"Monsters University\" (2013).", "Arlo was designed so that the audience could identify with him and be able to see the \"boy\" inside the dinosaur.", "Since \"The Good Dinosaur\" is set in a world in which dinosaurs never became extinct, they were instead able to evolve.", "Herbivores like Arlo and his family become farmers, and carnivores like the \"T. rex\" become ranchers.", "Because they are meant to be reminiscent of cowboys, when the \"T. rex\" run, their lower bodies mimic a galloping horse, while their upper bodies have the feel of a riding cowboy.", "To help inspire Butch's physical look and performance, the filmmakers looked at classic film cowboys such as characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood and Jack Palance.", "The film's score was composed by Mychael Danna and his brother, Jeff, replacing Thomas Newman, who was originally attached to score the film when it was set to be directed by Peterson.", "It marks the first Pixar film to be scored by two composers.", "Danna was approached by Sohn and Ream due to his score for \"Life of Pi\", which won an Academy Award.", "Having a lot of work, he invited his brother as a co-writer.", "Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack on November 20, 2015.", "Prior to the film's release on November 19, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur: Dino Crossing\", a mobile arcade-style game, was released.", "The game, later also available on Kindle Fire, was no longer available, according to Common Sense Media; while a figure of Spot and Power Discs of Arlo, Ramsey, Nash, and Butch was also released for \"Disney Infinity 3.0\".", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" was theatrically released on November 25, 2015.", "Before the rescheduling from 2014 to 2015, a \"Monsters University\" short film titled \"Party Central\" was set to accompany the film but was instead shown with the theatrical release of Disney's \"Muppets Most Wanted\".", "In April 2015, it was announced that a new Pixar short, \"Sanjay's Super Team\", directed by Sanjay Patel, would be shown in front of \"The Good Dinosaur\" instead.", "The film received an exclusive run at the Grand Rex in Paris a week before its U.S. and European premiere.", "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released \"The Good Dinosaur\" on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on February 23, 2016.", "Blu-ray bonus features include \"Sanjay's Super Team\", audio commentary, behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and the \"Hide and Seek\" short promotional clip.", "In 2019, \"The Good Dinosaur\" was released on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray.", "In its first week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 686,656 DVDs and 726,042 Blu-rays as the most sold film on both formats in the United States.", "That same week, \"The Good Dinosaur\" topped the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the dedicated Blu-ray sales chart.", "Overall, \"The Good Dinosaur\" sold 1.8 million DVDs and 1.3 million Blu-rays, adding them up to get a total of 3.1 million copies, and made $64.2 million through home media releases.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed $123.1 million in the United States and Canada and $209.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $332.2 million against a production budget of $175–200 million, which with added marketing costs of $350 million, caused Walt Disney Studios to lose $85 million unadjusted for inflation, and the film to be considered the studio's first box-office bomb.", "Released alongside \"Creed\" and \"Victor Frankenstein\", as well as the wide releases of \"Brooklyn\", \"Spotlight\", and \"Trumbo\", on November 25, 2015, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $9.8 million on its first day, including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews.", "It went on to take second place at the opening weekend with $56 million from 3,749 theaters.", "Its second weekend saw the box office drop by 60% to $15.5 million, and \"The Good Dinosaur\" grossed another $10.3 million the following weekend.", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" completed its theatrical run in the United States and Canada on April 7, 2016.", "Worldwide, \"The Good Dinosaur\" made $29.8 million in its opening weekend in 39 markets, including 8 significant countries.", "Unlike the US, where it had the benefit of the Thanksgiving weekend, it did not have the same benefit internationally.", "Rather, its release date was designed to set it up to run through the December holiday.", "The top countries were the United Kingdom ($7.8 million), Mexico ($6.7 million), France ($6 million), Argentina ($3.8 million), and Russia ($3.7 million).", "Of those, it opened at No. 1 in Mexico, Argentina, and Russia.", "The film's top international markets were the United Kingdom ($22.5 million), France ($18 million), Japan ($14.9 million), Mexico ($13.2 million), and Brazil ($11.8 million).", "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale.", "Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described it as \"antic and unexpected as well as homiletic, rife with subversive elements, wacky critters and some of the most beautiful landscapes ever seen in a computer animated film.\"", "Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" felt the film \"has a few things on its mind, but its tone is overwhelmingly playful, not hectoring.\"", "Joe Morgenstern of \"The Wall Street Journal\" opined that \"As Pixar productions go, this one isn't a groundbreaker, but it's heartfelt and endearing, as well as visually splendiferous, and kids will love it for sure.\"", "Justin Chang of \"Variety\" wrote that the film is \"clever and cloying by turns, [which is] always seems to be trying to evolve beyond its conventional trappings, and not succeeding as often as Pixar devotees have come to expect\".", "Many of the reviewers praised the sophistication of its nearly photorealistic backgrounds.", "Christopher Orr of \"The Atlantic\" felt it to be the studio's first film explicitly targeted towards children, though it is \"by no means a bad movie", "[...]", "It's a simple story, well-told.\"", "Mark Feeney, writing for \"The Boston Globe\", felt similarly, deeming it a \"very middling movie [...]", "\"The Good Dinosaur\" generally features a sort of sentimentality and emotional reductiveness that make it seem meant for small children as no previous Pixar movie has.\"", "\"The Washington Post\" Stephanie Merry dubbed it \"a nice, conventional story, but it's not Pixar-level imaginative.\"", "Richard Roeper, for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", felt it \"one strange, aggressively gross and dark adventure [...]", "Inconsistent and weird, \"The Good Dinosaur\" is second-level Pixar all the way.\"", "Michael Rechtshaffen of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" panned its \"disappointingly derivative\" screenplay.", "Mark Kermode of \"The Guardian\" says \"But however much it may delight on a scene-by-scene basis, \"The Good Dinosaur\" never comes together as a coherent whole, a crucial flaw for a film by Pixar, which has always put story first.", "\"" ]

[ 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 ]

[ "However, it grossed $332.2 million on a $175–200 million budget, making it Pixar's first box-office bomb." ]

[ "In 1996, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) appointed receivers over 33 properties mortgaged by Silven Properties to it, and proceeded to sell them off.", "The receivers explored planning and letting out the properties, but decided to sell them straight away.", "Silven alleged that RBS's receivers were under a duty to maximise the value by getting planning permission for development and letting out of vacant properties.", "In the Chancery Division, Patten J held that neither the mortgagee nor receiver were required to incur expenses that would likely delay a sale beyond the normal period of marketing.", "This was supported by the cases of \"Cuckmere Brick Co v Mutual Finance\", \"Downsview Nominees Ltd v First City Corporation Ltd\", and \"Medforth v Blake\".", "Lightman J held that RBS had not breached its duty.", "A duty is owed in equity (rather than tort)", "but it was not breached on the facts.", "\"Silven's\" reasoning was also held to apply to other forms of mortgages in \" Den Norske Bank ASA v Acemex Management Company Ltd.\" which was handed down several days later.", "As Longmore LJ noted in his ruling:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "It affirmed the proposition that a lender (and its agents or receivers) are not required to incur expenses that would likely delay a sale beyond the normal period of marketing." ]

[ "According to British academics James Pettifer and Miranda Vickers, Koleka was born into an ethnic Greek family and was one of the few members of the Greek minority serving in the Socialist People's Republic of Albania political system.", "He was unpopular among Greeks and was accused by various ethnic Greeks of implementing an anti-Greek agenda of the regime, including forced relocations of people of the same ethnicity as himself.", "Spiro Koleka was a distant relative of Spiro Jorgo Koleka (1879 or 1880–1940), a leader of the Albanian national movement and later interwar government minister.", "Edi Rama, a maternal descendant of the Koleka family, said that the family is from Mirdita, and that the surname was derived from \"Kol Leka\".", "Koleka was born in the village of Vuno, an Orthodox Albanian village part of Himara, a predominantly Greek speaking region.", "After completing his secondary education in the Italo–Albanian college of San Demetrio Corone (Collegio of Sant'Adriano), in the Italian province of Cosenza, Spiro Koleka continued his higher education at the University of Pisa (1930–1934) where he graduated as a civil engineer.", "After his return to Albania, he was involved in anti-Zogist and anti-Italian activities; in 1935 he participated in the Fier rebellion against King Zog and shortly after found himself arrested by the authorities.", "During 1937–39 Spiro Koleka travelled extensively in Italy while taking an active part in the resistance against the Italian occupation of Albania.", "Upon the Italian occupation (7 April 1939) he fled to Yugoslavia, but returned to Albania in December 1939.", "During 1940–41 he began cooperating with the communist resistance underground while at the same time co-founding and running the Mani and Koleka Engineering Company.", "Koleka was elected as a member of the General Council and of the General Staff of the Communist Party of Albania at the Labinot Conference (1943).", "In May 1944, he was appointed Minister of Public Works at the Pennet Conference, officially in October as part of the first of Hoxha's governments.", "In October 1948 he became Minister of Communications, and then also President of the State Planning Commission in November 1948.", "He was a member of the Politburo.", "Koleka was part of the Trade Delegation's visit to Moscow in 1949.", "In November 1949 he became Deputy Prime Minister.", "In the capacity of Deputy Prime Minister, Koleka presented in 1952 the very first Five Year Plan for the economy.", "In 1966, he was again appointed chairman of the State Planning Commission.", "Koleka's background and experience as a technocrat allowed him to lead numerous economic and political delegations of the time to many East European countries, including the Soviet Union.", "Moreover, he was reported by the national and international press to be the chief architect of Albanian industrial development which was the backbone of the program of the Albanian Workers' Party after the Second World War." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Spiro Koleka served as a parliament member in all legislatures from 1944 until 1990." ]

[ "According to British academics James Pettifer and Miranda Vickers, Koleka was born into an ethnic Greek family and was one of the few members of the Greek minority serving in the Socialist People's Republic of Albania political system.", "He was unpopular among Greeks and was accused by various ethnic Greeks of implementing an anti-Greek agenda of the regime, including forced relocations of people of the same ethnicity as himself.", "Spiro Koleka was a distant relative of Spiro Jorgo Koleka (1879 or 1880–1940), a leader of the Albanian national movement and later interwar government minister.", "Edi Rama, a maternal descendant of the Koleka family, said that the family is from Mirdita, and that the surname was derived from \"Kol Leka\".", "Koleka was born in the village of Vuno, an Orthodox Albanian village part of Himara, a predominantly Greek speaking region.", "After completing his secondary education in the Italo–Albanian college of San Demetrio Corone (Collegio of Sant'Adriano), in the Italian province of Cosenza, Spiro Koleka continued his higher education at the University of Pisa (1930–1934) where he graduated as a civil engineer.", "After his return to Albania, he was involved in anti-Zogist and anti-Italian activities; in 1935 he participated in the Fier rebellion against King Zog and shortly after found himself arrested by the authorities.", "During 1937–39 Spiro Koleka travelled extensively in Italy while taking an active part in the resistance against the Italian occupation of Albania.", "Upon the Italian occupation (7 April 1939) he fled to Yugoslavia, but returned to Albania in December 1939.", "During 1940–41 he began cooperating with the communist resistance underground while at the same time co-founding and running the Mani and Koleka Engineering Company.", "Koleka was elected as a member of the General Council and of the General Staff of the Communist Party of Albania at the Labinot Conference (1943).", "In May 1944, he was appointed Minister of Public Works at the Pennet Conference, officially in October as part of the first of Hoxha's governments.", "In October 1948 he became Minister of Communications, and then also President of the State Planning Commission in November 1948.", "He was a member of the Politburo.", "Koleka was part of the Trade Delegation's visit to Moscow in 1949.", "In November 1949 he became Deputy Prime Minister.", "In the capacity of Deputy Prime Minister, Koleka presented in 1952 the very first Five Year Plan for the economy.", "In 1966, he was again appointed chairman of the State Planning Commission.", "Koleka's background and experience as a technocrat allowed him to lead numerous economic and political delegations of the time to many East European countries, including the Soviet Union.", "Moreover, he was reported by the national and international press to be the chief architect of Albanian industrial development which was the backbone of the program of the Albanian Workers' Party after the Second World War." ]

[ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ]

[ "He was a civil engineer by profession.", "Koleka was a member of the Politburo of the Party of Labor of Albania during the years 1948 to 1981.", "As part of his political career he also served as Chairman of the State Planning Commission, Minister of Industry and Construction of Albania, as well as Vice Prime Minister." ]

[ "Sir Walter Menzies had been Liberal MP for South Lanarkshire since 1906 until he died on 26 October 1913.", "He had died after a long illness, so the calling of a by-election was not unexpected.", "Polling Day was arranged for 12 December 1913, 47 days after the death of Menzies.", "This allowed for an unusually long campaign.", "Watson's task was to become the first Unionist to win here since 1900.", "Although adopted as the official Labour Party candidate, Gibb's campaign billed him as the \"Socialist and Labour\" candidate.", "He was also to enjoy the active support of local British Socialist Party branches.", "He stated his intention to focus his campaign on the issue of poverty.", "The Liberal Government's National Insurance Act 1911 became an issue in the campaign.", "The measures of the act were now being implemented with 2.3 million people insured under the scheme for unemployment benefit and almost 15 million insured for sickness benefit.", "The Unionists had opposed the measure and continued to attack it at by-elections.", "The Labour Party had given support to the policy when it was introduced but in a number of by-elections since, their candidates had spoken out against it.", "Tom Gibb was no exception, stating \"I am no believer in policy of social reform paid for out of the earnings of the workers, such as we have seen illustrated in the Insurance Act.", "The reform that does not increase the purchasing-power of the workers by transferring to them some of the wealth previously enjoyed by the idle rich is not, in my opinion, a reform.", "If I believed in reforms of that nature, I would not be a Socialist.\"\nAlthough there were not many Irish voters in the constituency, the Liberal campaign was supported by a visit from T. P. O'Connor the Irish Nationalist MP from Liverpool.", "The Irish Nationalists were key supporters of the Liberal Government due to the 3rd Irish Home Rule Bill.", "The issue of Scottish Home Rule entered the campaign through the intervention of the Young Scots.", "The Liberal Government had introduced a Scottish Home Rule Bill that had passed its second reading in May 1913, despite Unionist opposition.", "The Young Scots were critical of Gibb's lack of support for the policy.", "Leading Labour Party figure, Robert Smillie speaking during the campaign in support of Gibb said any miner who did not vote Labour was a traitor to his class and he threatened those miners who did would be black-legged.", "Countering for the Liberal campaign, J.M. Robertson argued that anyone voting for Gibb would be the traitor; He argued that Gibb had no chance of success and that any vote for him risked letting in the anti-democratic Tory which would damage the interests of the workers.", "The Labour Party campaign believed that Gibb could win the election; They hoped that he could secure the votes of the constituency's 3,000 miners as a minimum and with the support of the railwaymen, farm servants and other workmen, he would romp home.", "The Unionist candidate gained the seat, despite seeing his vote share drop.", "The Liberals had been denied the seat by the intervention of the Labour candidate.", "The Labour poll represented barely half the number of miners voters in the constituency and significantly down on their expectations;\nDavid Lloyd George the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in a letter to Morton said he \"regretted the division in the progressive ranks of the electors in the constituency and the only satisfaction reserved for the Labour competitor was that he would possibly succeed in manoeuvering a Liberal constituency into the Tory lobby to vote for land monopoly in Great Britain and to support civil war in Ireland.", "\"", "A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915.", "By the summer of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election.", "Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.", "For the 1918 elections the constituency was abolished and Watson decided to retire from the House of Commons.", "Neither Morton nor Gibb stood for parliament again." ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "The South Lanarkshire by-election was a Parliamentary by-election." ]

[ "The Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created, with 65 seats.", "The electoral districts for Quebec in 1867 were the same for the Legislative Assembly of Quebec and the federal House of Commons; they were the districts already in place for the pre-Confederation Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.", "(s. 40.2 and 80 of the Constitution Act 1867) \nIt would be renamed the National Assembly on December 31, 1968.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections: \n1867,\n1871,\n1875,\n1878,\n1881,\n1886,\nand by-elections until 1890.", "The number of seats increased from 65 to 73.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1890,\n1892,\nand by-elections until 1897.", "The number of seats increased from 73 to 74.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1897,\n1900,\n1904,\n1908,\nand by-elections until 1912.", "The number of seats increased from 74 to 81.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1912,\n1916,\n1919,\nand by-elections until 1923.", "The number of seats remained at 81.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1923,\n1927,\nand by-elections until 1931.", "The number of seats increased from 81 to 90.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1931,\n1935,\n1936,\nand by-elections until 1939.", "The number of seats decreased from 90 to 86.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1939,\nand by-elections until 1944.", "The number of seats increased from 86 to 91.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1944,\nand by-elections until 1948.", "The number of seats increased from 91 to 92.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1948,\n1952,\nand by-elections until 1956.", "The number of seats increased from 92 to 93.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1956,\nand by-elections until 1960.", "The number of seats remained at 93.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1960,\n1962,\nand by-elections until 1966.", "The number of seats increased from 93 to 108.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1966,\n1970,\nand by-elections until 1973.", "The number of seats increased from 108 to 110.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1973,\n1976,\nand by-elections until 1981.", "For the first time, the reform of the electoral map was carried out by the independent \"Commission de la représentation électorale\", created the previous year.", "The number of seats increased from 110 to 122.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1981,\nand by-elections until 1985.", "The number of seats remained at 122.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1985,\nand by-elections until 1989.", "The number of seats increased from 122 to 125.\nThis set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1989,\nand by-elections until 1994.", "The number of seats remained at 125.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n1994,\n1998,\nand by-elections until 2003.", "The number of seats remained at 125.", "This set of electoral districts was used in the following elections:\n2003,\n2007,\n2008,\nand by-elections until 2012.", "See also: Quebec electoral map, 2001", "The number of seats remained at 125.", "This set of electoral districts will be used in the following elections:\n2012.", "See also: Quebec electoral map, 2011" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "The province of Quebec, in Canada, elects members of Parliament at the federal level and members of the National Assembly at the provincial level." ]

[ "Tramontin was on television mostly as a guest, but in 1996 he began studying acting and television writing at the Antenna Cinema school.", "He worked a year at Canale 5, then at Telepiù-Sky as a writer and journalist for five years.", "Although still active in rugby, his television production work had yet to be related to his sport activities.", "In 2004, Tramontin moved to the newly formed network SportItalia, which partnered with Eurosport.", "There, he provided commentary on rugby matches, with Pierpaolo Pedroni in the first year, and afterwards with Gianluca Veneziano.", "He anchored the International Rugby Board (IRB)'s official magazine program, \"Total Rugby\", with Daniela Scalia.", "The show had been broadcast in over a hundred countries without any anchors, but Tramontin and Scalia changed the format making it into a \"docu-talk\".", "Between 2004-2012, Tramontin averaged five hours of sports commentary a week for Eurosport.", "The topics featured include: Rugby League State of Origin, National Rugby League, Australian Football League, Cricket Champions League, Field Hockey Euro League, weightlifting, StrongMan, Gaelic Sports and the Spengler Cup ice hockey tournament, the last of which he considers one of the best sports events ever.", "In 2006, Tramontin became a regular guest on the Swiss National TV RSI lunch-time talk show \"Mezzogiorno in punto\", which was anchored by Fabrizio Casati.", "In 2007, the show changed its name to \"Buon Pomeriggio\" and changed anchors to Sandy Altermatt.", "Tramontin was the \"multifaceted talker of sports, music and life in general.\"", "He participated in \"Sport Non Stop\", a six-hour Sunday sports show led by Stefano Ferrando.", "He commentated on the finals for the 2007 and 2011 Rugby Union World Cup for Swiss National TV.", "Since 2010 he collaborates with Australian radio broadcaster SBS\nIn 2011, Tramontin created and hosted a show called the \"Oval Bin\".", "It was originally intended to be a television program, but turned into a shortened web show at the last moment for reasons not revealed.", "\"Oval Bin\" was co-anchored by Daniela Scalia and Gianluca Veneziano.", "In February 2013, Tramontin and Scalia hosted \"ESP Hockey\", a weekly ice hockey magazine show, at Espansione TV", "The show has focused on the Suisse NLA ice hockey championship, but he has occasionally thrown in references to rugby, Australian football, water polo and other team sports.", "In 2017 he was again on telly with \"FUNalysis\": as the name says, Scalia and Tramontin created, produced and anchored on Sportitalia a TV-Show about the unbelievable aspects of the most remote sports, enforcing the fun-factor.", "Addressed also to a no-sport audience, the high rate program covered the humoristic and social aspect of \"The Ashes\" (cricket clash between Australia and England), the relevance of Gaelic Football in identity, music and folklore, the misconceptions about the weight lifting training and more.", "Sport Crime is a TV series about sports investigations, it tells the stories of the Seams Agency, based in Lugano and ready to intervene when an alleged crime or infraction endangers a team, a sport venue or an athlete.", "Any episode is based on a different sport.", "Tramontin acts as the main character Luca \"Dabs\" Kriv.", "The trailer gave evidence that all actors are active or former athletes that often try or re-enact the facts risking their bodies in real actions like smashing tackles, high velocity crashes and bodychecks.", "On 4 April 2016, at Cannes Mip Festival, Tramontin and Scalia revealed that the TV movie \"The Legacy Run\", introducing Sport Crime themes, atmosphere and characters, had been produced and edited.", "Shooting took place in Switzerland and Croatia with extensive media coverage on national TVs, radio, magazines and newspapers.", "4 December 2016, \"The Legacy Run\" had its world premier at Swiss national tv reaching share numbers close to the historic Sunday sport show \"Sport Non Stop\".", "Tramontin joined 1st division club Rugby Casale in 1985.", "He played for seven seasons as a second rower.", "He had a short stint with Occhiali Vogue Belluno, which had reached Serie A, but he returned to Casale after some disciplinary issues.", "In the 1989 off season, he traveled to play in the New England Rugby Union Cup in Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia, where he got in touch also with Cricket, Rugby League and Aussie Rules.", "Then coach Colin Price advised Luca to train twice a week with the local rugby league team in order to improve his deficitary ball handling.", "In reflecting on his Australian visit, Tramontin said, \"those awkward hours in the park opened up my mind forever\" as he would later leave the Rugby Union to play the games he learned down under.", "In the 1990 off season, after getting the 1st degree, he biked through Thailand and Malaysia for two and a half months, and returned late and underweight to the Casale summer camp.", "As a result, he had a low rate season where he was relegated to the bench.", "From 1992-2006, he played on various clubs in Piacenza, Viadana, Brescia, New York City, and three different clubs in Milan.", "In 2006, Tramontin moved to Bellinzona, Switzerland, where he joined the local rugby club at Ticino at the age of 41, and joined the Hungarian national team, which he qualified through ancestry.", "He also fulfilled his dream of playing ice hockey, albeit at a very low level; this was documented on his television show, \"Oval Bin\".", "He joined a rugby club in Lugano and contributed as a starter.", "He joined the Swiss team for two weekends in Lausanne under Toulosan coach Patrice Philippe.", "Being over 40 and having an official cap with Hungary, there were hopes that he would be permitted to join.", "In 2008, Tramontin left rugby union to play Australian rules football (abbreviated as Aussie Rules or Orules) in the summer, and amateur ice hockey in the winter.", "He participated on AFL Italia for nine caps and was the captain when the national team participated in the 2009 European Cup held in Samobor, Croatia.", "For the 2010 European Cup, he represented AFL Switzerland as the team made its debut; he served as the team's coach.", "In 2011, Tramontin was asked to help the Hungarian national rugby team, the Magyar Bulls, who made its first appearance in international competition.", "He played for the team against the Czech Republic in a match in Kecskemét, Hungary.", "He later decided the commitment was too high as he had been playing for AFL Switzerland and was a television commentator.", "He has been playing Australian Rules football for the Lugano Bankers, and amateur ice hockey during their off season.", "Tramontin started and invented a new formula for disabled people to play full contact oval ball.", "It has been well documented on TV and media in order to expand the code.", "For serious mental and perceptive diseases the game consists in a code half way between rugby and Australian Football, while for medium degree of disability the teams created by Tramontin adopt the Orules/Australian Football rules except for number of players and length of the periods.", "Tramontin is very close to any form of team sport for disabled people, both organizing or trying to practice himself.", "Luca's flirt with Hockey started 3 years before his rugby as a kid supporter of Alleghe Hockey Club, but due to distant ice rinks, parent's split and heavy rugby commitments he never embraced it as a player before 2006.", "The \"GGDT\" GDT Hockey club Bellinzona started in 2006, at amateur level, with 5-6 matches for year, Luca claims to have missed no more than 4 training per year so far, mixing it well with other sport and work commitments.", "His son Nico started his hockey career with the same club as a defensive man.", "Since 2020 GGDT Hockey is the longest club alliance for Tramontin as a player (Belluno Rugby he played for 13 years, GGDT 14).", "He plays regularly as a defensive forechecking forward despite a heavy deficit in ice skating due to his late start.", "In 2014 Luca played and trained for all the pre-season with Rivera Vikings (Ticino local premiership) featuring also in some games as a defensive and forechecking winger.", "Eventually he had to leave again, due to the Cannes Film Festival and the imminent start of Sport Crime shooting.", "Since his move to Switzerland Tramontin co-operates with various Ice-Hockey teams for crossover trainings, both amateur and professional like HC Lugano.", "Tramontin privately coaches collision and bodycheck postures with several professional players whose names he refuse to disclose in order not to expose weaknesses and private factors.", "In a recent episode of \"La Domenica Sportiva\" Tramontin addressed the paucity of collision technique as one of the reason for the increase of concussions in the game.", "He had sessions and clinics with Russian KHL destined players at Dmitri Tsygourov Camp (Aosta), Ticino Rockets (Swiss 2nd division), HC Lugano (1st division).", "June 2019, national Swiss TV and several media reported that the \"Sport Crime\" duo Daniela Scalia and Luca Tramontin have been working since September 2018 coaching FC Lugano Settore Giovanile with techniques and drills partly custom created and partly from rugby.", "The unprecedented protocol is said immensely useful by neo president and owner Leonid Novoselskyi and coaches of the professional team.", "WATERPOLO: in his first book Luca tells about some months of waterpolo played in 1986 during a long suspension from rugby for contractual issues.", "Pictures and words describe a very comical and dangerous debut in the Serie D match Trieste - Belluno.", "He claim to be no expert, therefore he refuses to embrace the \"Water Football\" as one of his commented sports.", "Tramontin often is called for talking about sports history at universities or venues.", "Daniela Scalia normally hosts the event with guests.", "The allure of the events is very straight, more history focused in academic ambient, more colloquial and rich in episodes and humor in public houses.", "Tramontin was born with a deformity at the right hand.", "Although he had frequent surgery in his first years, he said that it never affected his sports ability, his social life or guitar playing.", "He jokes about it on his shows.", "Tramontin has never received compensation or any kind of support for the deformity on his right hand being the indemnity only for born until 31.12.1965.", "His family and he paid for all the 16 surgeries, including the 13 skin transplant from the buttock to the fingers.", "Tramontin was nicknamed \"Diavolo\" (Devil) by Pierpaolo Pedroni in 1987.", "Pedroni was Tramontin's rival on the field, and a good friend and rock buddy off-field.", "Pedroni has appeared on Tramontin's shows before he died in 2009.", "Tramontin has residences in Bellinzona, Switzerland.", "Tramontin also plays field hockey, floorball, cricket, tennis, badminton, and swimming.", "With regards to cricket, he said that he \"never saw someone bowling worse than me\".", "He is a supporter of the Alleghe Hockey club.", "In April 2020, at the peak of the pandemic, he made the cover of Sport di più Magazine, chosen as a strength and resilience icon.", "In the long interview with director Alberto Cristani he stated he's been hit in the healing buttock by a \"bastard of a nun\" when he was just 7 years old.", "He strongly denied to know Jennifer Lopez and revealed other tough episodes of his career.", "Tramontin was born in Belluno, Italy to Vally Carnio and Elio Tramontin.", "He lived in Mestre, Venice until the age of 10; he often spent time with his maternal grandmother Elvira, who was a French-raised Hungarian, and grandfather Mario, whom he credits as \"the biggest influence besides Rolling Stones\".", "He and his younger brother Diego often moved several times between mother's and father's house after parents split and spent time in different places in the Belluno area to eventually move back to Mestre.", "He learned to play rugby and was persuaded to try soccer because of a deformity in his right hand.", "During the off seasons for rugby, he would play different sports, including swimming, street hockey, basketball, beach volleyball, tennis and badminton.", "He said there were \"too many to recall, I just remember I was very limited in everything I practised, but t was good fun and good training for rugby\".", "At school, the Tramontin brothers had a reputation of being \"very bad students\" and \"loud pranksters\" who would \"rather play rugby and hard rock\", but \"eventually blossomed at university\".", "Luca played several times against Diego, who would become a professional rugby player, in the Italian 1st division rugby; he claimed it was very ordinary to be physical to each other and stressed that Diego was a much better player than he.", "in 2016 Tramontin released a detailed interview to the maltese journalist Nadia Vella about his long time affair with Guinea Pigs: \"Guinea Pigs are not persons.", "I know it, rationally speaking, but feeling-wise", "I feel them very close to human beings.", "They have 3 fingers like me, and they use them well with no much thinking needed.", "There is a Guinea Pig in “House of Cards” but it is not very visible, and is owned by an antisocial hacker, in Sport Crime it will be seen in a totally different light\".", "Admittedly a \"no-cook\" that only and highly enjoys food in a healthy manner, Luca has been surprisingly called as a guest in the most known Swiss cook show, \"Piattoforte\", the logic of producer Aldina Crespi being to highlight the contrast between the cook, the food loving environment and the natural \"punk\" attitude of Tramontin.", "The show registered high numbers and has been prolonged to 5 days." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 ]

[ "He has appeared on Eurosport's programs, including \"Total Rugby\".", "He created and anchored a web show sports program called the \"Oval Bin\", which he hosted with Daniela Scalia." ]

[ "Tramontin was on television mostly as a guest, but in 1996 he began studying acting and television writing at the Antenna Cinema school.", "He worked a year at Canale 5, then at Telepiù-Sky as a writer and journalist for five years.", "Although still active in rugby, his television production work had yet to be related to his sport activities.", "In 2004, Tramontin moved to the newly formed network SportItalia, which partnered with Eurosport.", "There, he provided commentary on rugby matches, with Pierpaolo Pedroni in the first year, and afterwards with Gianluca Veneziano.", "He anchored the International Rugby Board (IRB)'s official magazine program, \"Total Rugby\", with Daniela Scalia.", "The show had been broadcast in over a hundred countries without any anchors, but Tramontin and Scalia changed the format making it into a \"docu-talk\".", "Between 2004-2012, Tramontin averaged five hours of sports commentary a week for Eurosport.", "The topics featured include: Rugby League State of Origin, National Rugby League, Australian Football League, Cricket Champions League, Field Hockey Euro League, weightlifting, StrongMan, Gaelic Sports and the Spengler Cup ice hockey tournament, the last of which he considers one of the best sports events ever.", "In 2006, Tramontin became a regular guest on the Swiss National TV RSI lunch-time talk show \"Mezzogiorno in punto\", which was anchored by Fabrizio Casati.", "In 2007, the show changed its name to \"Buon Pomeriggio\" and changed anchors to Sandy Altermatt.", "Tramontin was the \"multifaceted talker of sports, music and life in general.\"", "He participated in \"Sport Non Stop\", a six-hour Sunday sports show led by Stefano Ferrando.", "He commentated on the finals for the 2007 and 2011 Rugby Union World Cup for Swiss National TV.", "Since 2010 he collaborates with Australian radio broadcaster SBS\nIn 2011, Tramontin created and hosted a show called the \"Oval Bin\".", "It was originally intended to be a television program, but turned into a shortened web show at the last moment for reasons not revealed.", "\"Oval Bin\" was co-anchored by Daniela Scalia and Gianluca Veneziano.", "In February 2013, Tramontin and Scalia hosted \"ESP Hockey\", a weekly ice hockey magazine show, at Espansione TV", "The show has focused on the Suisse NLA ice hockey championship, but he has occasionally thrown in references to rugby, Australian football, water polo and other team sports.", "In 2017 he was again on telly with \"FUNalysis\": as the name says, Scalia and Tramontin created, produced and anchored on Sportitalia a TV-Show about the unbelievable aspects of the most remote sports, enforcing the fun-factor.", "Addressed also to a no-sport audience, the high rate program covered the humoristic and social aspect of \"The Ashes\" (cricket clash between Australia and England), the relevance of Gaelic Football in identity, music and folklore, the misconceptions about the weight lifting training and more.", "Sport Crime is a TV series about sports investigations, it tells the stories of the Seams Agency, based in Lugano and ready to intervene when an alleged crime or infraction endangers a team, a sport venue or an athlete.", "Any episode is based on a different sport.", "Tramontin acts as the main character Luca \"Dabs\" Kriv.", "The trailer gave evidence that all actors are active or former athletes that often try or re-enact the facts risking their bodies in real actions like smashing tackles, high velocity crashes and bodychecks.", "On 4 April 2016, at Cannes Mip Festival, Tramontin and Scalia revealed that the TV movie \"The Legacy Run\", introducing Sport Crime themes, atmosphere and characters, had been produced and edited.", "Shooting took place in Switzerland and Croatia with extensive media coverage on national TVs, radio, magazines and newspapers.", "4 December 2016, \"The Legacy Run\" had its world premier at Swiss national tv reaching share numbers close to the historic Sunday sport show \"Sport Non Stop\".", "Tramontin joined 1st division club Rugby Casale in 1985.", "He played for seven seasons as a second rower.", "He had a short stint with Occhiali Vogue Belluno, which had reached Serie A, but he returned to Casale after some disciplinary issues.", "In the 1989 off season, he traveled to play in the New England Rugby Union Cup in Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia, where he got in touch also with Cricket, Rugby League and Aussie Rules.", "Then coach Colin Price advised Luca to train twice a week with the local rugby league team in order to improve his deficitary ball handling.", "In reflecting on his Australian visit, Tramontin said, \"those awkward hours in the park opened up my mind forever\" as he would later leave the Rugby Union to play the games he learned down under.", "In the 1990 off season, after getting the 1st degree, he biked through Thailand and Malaysia for two and a half months, and returned late and underweight to the Casale summer camp.", "As a result, he had a low rate season where he was relegated to the bench.", "From 1992-2006, he played on various clubs in Piacenza, Viadana, Brescia, New York City, and three different clubs in Milan.", "In 2006, Tramontin moved to Bellinzona, Switzerland, where he joined the local rugby club at Ticino at the age of 41, and joined the Hungarian national team, which he qualified through ancestry.", "He also fulfilled his dream of playing ice hockey, albeit at a very low level; this was documented on his television show, \"Oval Bin\".", "He joined a rugby club in Lugano and contributed as a starter.", "He joined the Swiss team for two weekends in Lausanne under Toulosan coach Patrice Philippe.", "Being over 40 and having an official cap with Hungary, there were hopes that he would be permitted to join.", "In 2008, Tramontin left rugby union to play Australian rules football (abbreviated as Aussie Rules or Orules) in the summer, and amateur ice hockey in the winter.", "He participated on AFL Italia for nine caps and was the captain when the national team participated in the 2009 European Cup held in Samobor, Croatia.", "For the 2010 European Cup, he represented AFL Switzerland as the team made its debut; he served as the team's coach.", "In 2011, Tramontin was asked to help the Hungarian national rugby team, the Magyar Bulls, who made its first appearance in international competition.", "He played for the team against the Czech Republic in a match in Kecskemét, Hungary.", "He later decided the commitment was too high as he had been playing for AFL Switzerland and was a television commentator.", "He has been playing Australian Rules football for the Lugano Bankers, and amateur ice hockey during their off season.", "Tramontin started and invented a new formula for disabled people to play full contact oval ball.", "It has been well documented on TV and media in order to expand the code.", "For serious mental and perceptive diseases the game consists in a code half way between rugby and Australian Football, while for medium degree of disability the teams created by Tramontin adopt the Orules/Australian Football rules except for number of players and length of the periods.", "Tramontin is very close to any form of team sport for disabled people, both organizing or trying to practice himself.", "Luca's flirt with Hockey started 3 years before his rugby as a kid supporter of Alleghe Hockey Club, but due to distant ice rinks, parent's split and heavy rugby commitments he never embraced it as a player before 2006.", "The \"GGDT\" GDT Hockey club Bellinzona started in 2006, at amateur level, with 5-6 matches for year, Luca claims to have missed no more than 4 training per year so far, mixing it well with other sport and work commitments.", "His son Nico started his hockey career with the same club as a defensive man.", "Since 2020 GGDT Hockey is the longest club alliance for Tramontin as a player (Belluno Rugby he played for 13 years, GGDT 14).", "He plays regularly as a defensive forechecking forward despite a heavy deficit in ice skating due to his late start.", "In 2014 Luca played and trained for all the pre-season with Rivera Vikings (Ticino local premiership) featuring also in some games as a defensive and forechecking winger.", "Eventually he had to leave again, due to the Cannes Film Festival and the imminent start of Sport Crime shooting.", "Since his move to Switzerland Tramontin co-operates with various Ice-Hockey teams for crossover trainings, both amateur and professional like HC Lugano.", "Tramontin privately coaches collision and bodycheck postures with several professional players whose names he refuse to disclose in order not to expose weaknesses and private factors.", "In a recent episode of \"La Domenica Sportiva\" Tramontin addressed the paucity of collision technique as one of the reason for the increase of concussions in the game.", "He had sessions and clinics with Russian KHL destined players at Dmitri Tsygourov Camp (Aosta), Ticino Rockets (Swiss 2nd division), HC Lugano (1st division).", "June 2019, national Swiss TV and several media reported that the \"Sport Crime\" duo Daniela Scalia and Luca Tramontin have been working since September 2018 coaching FC Lugano Settore Giovanile with techniques and drills partly custom created and partly from rugby.", "The unprecedented protocol is said immensely useful by neo president and owner Leonid Novoselskyi and coaches of the professional team.", "WATERPOLO: in his first book Luca tells about some months of waterpolo played in 1986 during a long suspension from rugby for contractual issues.", "Pictures and words describe a very comical and dangerous debut in the Serie D match Trieste - Belluno.", "He claim to be no expert, therefore he refuses to embrace the \"Water Football\" as one of his commented sports.", "Tramontin often is called for talking about sports history at universities or venues.", "Daniela Scalia normally hosts the event with guests.", "The allure of the events is very straight, more history focused in academic ambient, more colloquial and rich in episodes and humor in public houses.", "Tramontin was born with a deformity at the right hand.", "Although he had frequent surgery in his first years, he said that it never affected his sports ability, his social life or guitar playing.", "He jokes about it on his shows.", "Tramontin has never received compensation or any kind of support for the deformity on his right hand being the indemnity only for born until 31.12.1965.", "His family and he paid for all the 16 surgeries, including the 13 skin transplant from the buttock to the fingers.", "Tramontin was nicknamed \"Diavolo\" (Devil) by Pierpaolo Pedroni in 1987.", "Pedroni was Tramontin's rival on the field, and a good friend and rock buddy off-field.", "Pedroni has appeared on Tramontin's shows before he died in 2009.", "Tramontin has residences in Bellinzona, Switzerland.", "Tramontin also plays field hockey, floorball, cricket, tennis, badminton, and swimming.", "With regards to cricket, he said that he \"never saw someone bowling worse than me\".", "He is a supporter of the Alleghe Hockey club.", "In April 2020, at the peak of the pandemic, he made the cover of Sport di più Magazine, chosen as a strength and resilience icon.", "In the long interview with director Alberto Cristani he stated he's been hit in the healing buttock by a \"bastard of a nun\" when he was just 7 years old.", "He strongly denied to know Jennifer Lopez and revealed other tough episodes of his career.", "Tramontin was born in Belluno, Italy to Vally Carnio and Elio Tramontin.", "He lived in Mestre, Venice until the age of 10; he often spent time with his maternal grandmother Elvira, who was a French-raised Hungarian, and grandfather Mario, whom he credits as \"the biggest influence besides Rolling Stones\".", "He and his younger brother Diego often moved several times between mother's and father's house after parents split and spent time in different places in the Belluno area to eventually move back to Mestre.", "He learned to play rugby and was persuaded to try soccer because of a deformity in his right hand.", "During the off seasons for rugby, he would play different sports, including swimming, street hockey, basketball, beach volleyball, tennis and badminton.", "He said there were \"too many to recall, I just remember I was very limited in everything I practised, but t was good fun and good training for rugby\".", "At school, the Tramontin brothers had a reputation of being \"very bad students\" and \"loud pranksters\" who would \"rather play rugby and hard rock\", but \"eventually blossomed at university\".", "Luca played several times against Diego, who would become a professional rugby player, in the Italian 1st division rugby; he claimed it was very ordinary to be physical to each other and stressed that Diego was a much better player than he.", "in 2016 Tramontin released a detailed interview to the maltese journalist Nadia Vella about his long time affair with Guinea Pigs: \"Guinea Pigs are not persons.", "I know it, rationally speaking, but feeling-wise", "I feel them very close to human beings.", "They have 3 fingers like me, and they use them well with no much thinking needed.", "There is a Guinea Pig in “House of Cards” but it is not very visible, and is owned by an antisocial hacker, in Sport Crime it will be seen in a totally different light\".", "Admittedly a \"no-cook\" that only and highly enjoys food in a healthy manner, Luca has been surprisingly called as a guest in the most known Swiss cook show, \"Piattoforte\", the logic of producer Aldina Crespi being to highlight the contrast between the cook, the food loving environment and the natural \"punk\" attitude of Tramontin.", "The show registered high numbers and has been prolonged to 5 days." ]

[ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 ]

[ "He is the creator and co-writer of the TV Series \"Sport Crime\"." ]

[ "Tramontin was on television mostly as a guest, but in 1996 he began studying acting and television writing at the Antenna Cinema school.", "He worked a year at Canale 5, then at Telepiù-Sky as a writer and journalist for five years.", "Although still active in rugby, his television production work had yet to be related to his sport activities.", "In 2004, Tramontin moved to the newly formed network SportItalia, which partnered with Eurosport.", "There, he provided commentary on rugby matches, with Pierpaolo Pedroni in the first year, and afterwards with Gianluca Veneziano.", "He anchored the International Rugby Board (IRB)'s official magazine program, \"Total Rugby\", with Daniela Scalia.", "The show had been broadcast in over a hundred countries without any anchors, but Tramontin and Scalia changed the format making it into a \"docu-talk\".", "Between 2004-2012, Tramontin averaged five hours of sports commentary a week for Eurosport.", "The topics featured include: Rugby League State of Origin, National Rugby League, Australian Football League, Cricket Champions League, Field Hockey Euro League, weightlifting, StrongMan, Gaelic Sports and the Spengler Cup ice hockey tournament, the last of which he considers one of the best sports events ever.", "In 2006, Tramontin became a regular guest on the Swiss National TV RSI lunch-time talk show \"Mezzogiorno in punto\", which was anchored by Fabrizio Casati.", "In 2007, the show changed its name to \"Buon Pomeriggio\" and changed anchors to Sandy Altermatt.", "Tramontin was the \"multifaceted talker of sports, music and life in general.\"", "He participated in \"Sport Non Stop\", a six-hour Sunday sports show led by Stefano Ferrando.", "He commentated on the finals for the 2007 and 2011 Rugby Union World Cup for Swiss National TV.", "Since 2010 he collaborates with Australian radio broadcaster SBS\nIn 2011, Tramontin created and hosted a show called the \"Oval Bin\".", "It was originally intended to be a television program, but turned into a shortened web show at the last moment for reasons not revealed.", "\"Oval Bin\" was co-anchored by Daniela Scalia and Gianluca Veneziano.", "In February 2013, Tramontin and Scalia hosted \"ESP Hockey\", a weekly ice hockey magazine show, at Espansione TV", "The show has focused on the Suisse NLA ice hockey championship, but he has occasionally thrown in references to rugby, Australian football, water polo and other team sports.", "In 2017 he was again on telly with \"FUNalysis\": as the name says, Scalia and Tramontin created, produced and anchored on Sportitalia a TV-Show about the unbelievable aspects of the most remote sports, enforcing the fun-factor.", "Addressed also to a no-sport audience, the high rate program covered the humoristic and social aspect of \"The Ashes\" (cricket clash between Australia and England), the relevance of Gaelic Football in identity, music and folklore, the misconceptions about the weight lifting training and more.", "Sport Crime is a TV series about sports investigations, it tells the stories of the Seams Agency, based in Lugano and ready to intervene when an alleged crime or infraction endangers a team, a sport venue or an athlete.", "Any episode is based on a different sport.", "Tramontin acts as the main character Luca \"Dabs\" Kriv.", "The trailer gave evidence that all actors are active or former athletes that often try or re-enact the facts risking their bodies in real actions like smashing tackles, high velocity crashes and bodychecks.", "On 4 April 2016, at Cannes Mip Festival, Tramontin and Scalia revealed that the TV movie \"The Legacy Run\", introducing Sport Crime themes, atmosphere and characters, had been produced and edited.", "Shooting took place in Switzerland and Croatia with extensive media coverage on national TVs, radio, magazines and newspapers.", "4 December 2016, \"The Legacy Run\" had its world premier at Swiss national tv reaching share numbers close to the historic Sunday sport show \"Sport Non Stop\".", "Tramontin joined 1st division club Rugby Casale in 1985.", "He played for seven seasons as a second rower.", "He had a short stint with Occhiali Vogue Belluno, which had reached Serie A, but he returned to Casale after some disciplinary issues.", "In the 1989 off season, he traveled to play in the New England Rugby Union Cup in Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia, where he got in touch also with Cricket, Rugby League and Aussie Rules.", "Then coach Colin Price advised Luca to train twice a week with the local rugby league team in order to improve his deficitary ball handling.", "In reflecting on his Australian visit, Tramontin said, \"those awkward hours in the park opened up my mind forever\" as he would later leave the Rugby Union to play the games he learned down under.", "In the 1990 off season, after getting the 1st degree, he biked through Thailand and Malaysia for two and a half months, and returned late and underweight to the Casale summer camp.", "As a result, he had a low rate season where he was relegated to the bench.", "From 1992-2006, he played on various clubs in Piacenza, Viadana, Brescia, New York City, and three different clubs in Milan.", "In 2006, Tramontin moved to Bellinzona, Switzerland, where he joined the local rugby club at Ticino at the age of 41, and joined the Hungarian national team, which he qualified through ancestry.", "He also fulfilled his dream of playing ice hockey, albeit at a very low level; this was documented on his television show, \"Oval Bin\".", "He joined a rugby club in Lugano and contributed as a starter.", "He joined the Swiss team for two weekends in Lausanne under Toulosan coach Patrice Philippe.", "Being over 40 and having an official cap with Hungary, there were hopes that he would be permitted to join.", "In 2008, Tramontin left rugby union to play Australian rules football (abbreviated as Aussie Rules or Orules) in the summer, and amateur ice hockey in the winter.", "He participated on AFL Italia for nine caps and was the captain when the national team participated in the 2009 European Cup held in Samobor, Croatia.", "For the 2010 European Cup, he represented AFL Switzerland as the team made its debut; he served as the team's coach.", "In 2011, Tramontin was asked to help the Hungarian national rugby team, the Magyar Bulls, who made its first appearance in international competition.", "He played for the team against the Czech Republic in a match in Kecskemét, Hungary.", "He later decided the commitment was too high as he had been playing for AFL Switzerland and was a television commentator.", "He has been playing Australian Rules football for the Lugano Bankers, and amateur ice hockey during their off season.", "Tramontin started and invented a new formula for disabled people to play full contact oval ball.", "It has been well documented on TV and media in order to expand the code.", "For serious mental and perceptive diseases the game consists in a code half way between rugby and Australian Football, while for medium degree of disability the teams created by Tramontin adopt the Orules/Australian Football rules except for number of players and length of the periods.", "Tramontin is very close to any form of team sport for disabled people, both organizing or trying to practice himself.", "Luca's flirt with Hockey started 3 years before his rugby as a kid supporter of Alleghe Hockey Club, but due to distant ice rinks, parent's split and heavy rugby commitments he never embraced it as a player before 2006.", "The \"GGDT\" GDT Hockey club Bellinzona started in 2006, at amateur level, with 5-6 matches for year, Luca claims to have missed no more than 4 training per year so far, mixing it well with other sport and work commitments.", "His son Nico started his hockey career with the same club as a defensive man.", "Since 2020 GGDT Hockey is the longest club alliance for Tramontin as a player (Belluno Rugby he played for 13 years, GGDT 14).", "He plays regularly as a defensive forechecking forward despite a heavy deficit in ice skating due to his late start.", "In 2014 Luca played and trained for all the pre-season with Rivera Vikings (Ticino local premiership) featuring also in some games as a defensive and forechecking winger.", "Eventually he had to leave again, due to the Cannes Film Festival and the imminent start of Sport Crime shooting.", "Since his move to Switzerland Tramontin co-operates with various Ice-Hockey teams for crossover trainings, both amateur and professional like HC Lugano.", "Tramontin privately coaches collision and bodycheck postures with several professional players whose names he refuse to disclose in order not to expose weaknesses and private factors.", "In a recent episode of \"La Domenica Sportiva\" Tramontin addressed the paucity of collision technique as one of the reason for the increase of concussions in the game.", "He had sessions and clinics with Russian KHL destined players at Dmitri Tsygourov Camp (Aosta), Ticino Rockets (Swiss 2nd division), HC Lugano (1st division).", "June 2019, national Swiss TV and several media reported that the \"Sport Crime\" duo Daniela Scalia and Luca Tramontin have been working since September 2018 coaching FC Lugano Settore Giovanile with techniques and drills partly custom created and partly from rugby.", "The unprecedented protocol is said immensely useful by neo president and owner Leonid Novoselskyi and coaches of the professional team.", "WATERPOLO: in his first book Luca tells about some months of waterpolo played in 1986 during a long suspension from rugby for contractual issues.", "Pictures and words describe a very comical and dangerous debut in the Serie D match Trieste - Belluno.", "He claim to be no expert, therefore he refuses to embrace the \"Water Football\" as one of his commented sports.", "Tramontin often is called for talking about sports history at universities or venues.", "Daniela Scalia normally hosts the event with guests.", "The allure of the events is very straight, more history focused in academic ambient, more colloquial and rich in episodes and humor in public houses.", "Tramontin was born with a deformity at the right hand.", "Although he had frequent surgery in his first years, he said that it never affected his sports ability, his social life or guitar playing.", "He jokes about it on his shows.", "Tramontin has never received compensation or any kind of support for the deformity on his right hand being the indemnity only for born until 31.12.1965.", "His family and he paid for all the 16 surgeries, including the 13 skin transplant from the buttock to the fingers.", "Tramontin was nicknamed \"Diavolo\" (Devil) by Pierpaolo Pedroni in 1987.", "Pedroni was Tramontin's rival on the field, and a good friend and rock buddy off-field.", "Pedroni has appeared on Tramontin's shows before he died in 2009.", "Tramontin has residences in Bellinzona, Switzerland.", "Tramontin also plays field hockey, floorball, cricket, tennis, badminton, and swimming.", "With regards to cricket, he said that he \"never saw someone bowling worse than me\".", "He is a supporter of the Alleghe Hockey club.", "In April 2020, at the peak of the pandemic, he made the cover of Sport di più Magazine, chosen as a strength and resilience icon.", "In the long interview with director Alberto Cristani he stated he's been hit in the healing buttock by a \"bastard of a nun\" when he was just 7 years old.", "He strongly denied to know Jennifer Lopez and revealed other tough episodes of his career.", "Tramontin was born in Belluno, Italy to Vally Carnio and Elio Tramontin.", "He lived in Mestre, Venice until the age of 10; he often spent time with his maternal grandmother Elvira, who was a French-raised Hungarian, and grandfather Mario, whom he credits as \"the biggest influence besides Rolling Stones\".", "He and his younger brother Diego often moved several times between mother's and father's house after parents split and spent time in different places in the Belluno area to eventually move back to Mestre.", "He learned to play rugby and was persuaded to try soccer because of a deformity in his right hand.", "During the off seasons for rugby, he would play different sports, including swimming, street hockey, basketball, beach volleyball, tennis and badminton.", "He said there were \"too many to recall, I just remember I was very limited in everything I practised, but t was good fun and good training for rugby\".", "At school, the Tramontin brothers had a reputation of being \"very bad students\" and \"loud pranksters\" who would \"rather play rugby and hard rock\", but \"eventually blossomed at university\".", "Luca played several times against Diego, who would become a professional rugby player, in the Italian 1st division rugby; he claimed it was very ordinary to be physical to each other and stressed that Diego was a much better player than he.", "in 2016 Tramontin released a detailed interview to the maltese journalist Nadia Vella about his long time affair with Guinea Pigs: \"Guinea Pigs are not persons.", "I know it, rationally speaking, but feeling-wise", "I feel them very close to human beings.", "They have 3 fingers like me, and they use them well with no much thinking needed.", "There is a Guinea Pig in “House of Cards” but it is not very visible, and is owned by an antisocial hacker, in Sport Crime it will be seen in a totally different light\".", "Admittedly a \"no-cook\" that only and highly enjoys food in a healthy manner, Luca has been surprisingly called as a guest in the most known Swiss cook show, \"Piattoforte\", the logic of producer Aldina Crespi being to highlight the contrast between the cook, the food loving environment and the natural \"punk\" attitude of Tramontin.", "The show registered high numbers and has been prolonged to 5 days." ]

[ 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 ]

[ "He has played for Italy, Switzerland, and Hungary.", "He has also played Australian rules football and ice hockey." ]

[ "The name of the Bakhtrioni fortress derives from the former village Bakhtriani near which it was constructed in the 1650s.", "It was garrisoned by a Qizilbash force left by the Iranian government to reinforce its authority in the area and protect the Turkic nomads transplanted into the Georgian lands.", "The fortress overlooked a strategic locale, controlling roads to the Greater Caucasus mountains, inhabited by the bellicose Georgian highlanders of Tusheti, Pshavi, and Khevsureti.", "In 1659 the Georgian highlanders moved to join the rebellious people of Kakheti in a surprise attack on Bakhtrioni.", "In the ensuing battle, the entire Qizilbash force was annihilated and the rebels proceeded to capture another Iranian stronghold, that of Alaverdi.", "These events are widely acclaimed in folk tradition which has preserved the names of the highlander heroes of the battle of Bakhtrioni such as the Tush Zezva Gaprindauli, the Khevsur Nadira Khosharauli, and the Pshav Gogolauri.", "It also inspired the late 19th-century Georgian poet Vazha-Pshavela to write his patriotic epic poem \"Bakhtrioni\" (1892).", "Streets named after Bakhtrioni are found in Tbilisi, Akhmeta, Telavi, Lagodekhi, Kareli, and Kaspi." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "The fortress served as a Safavid Iranian outpost in the 1650s until the rebellious Georgians captured and demolished it." ]

[ "In 1961, Cuckmere Brick Co had received planning permission to build 100 flats each with a garage on a site of near Maidstone, and received £50,000 mortgage financing from Mutual Finance who valued the land accordingly.", "By 1964, due to cash flow problems arising from other developments in which Cuckmere was involved, planning permission was subsequently received (with Mutual's approval) to build 35 houses, which would have incurred lower construction costs.", "Construction had still not commenced by 1966, and Mutual exercised power of sale under the mortgage, putting the land up for auction, and advertising that the property had planning permission for the houses, but not the flats.", "Cuckmere advised Mutual of the oversight, and the latter told the auctioneer to mention it.", "They got £44,000 at the auction, and Cuckmere argued that it should have been closer to £75,000 had the planning permission been mentioned properly in the advertisement, indeed had its existence, underpinning the bank's own valuation, been imparted to prospective buyers.", "Cuckmere sued, asking for an account to be taken on the basis that the defendants should be debited with the price which they could and should have obtained for the site.", "Mutual counter-claimed for the balance of all moneys due under the mortgage with interest after crediting the plaintiffs with the proceeds of the sale.", "Plowman J found for the plaintiffs on the claim so as to eclipse the value of the counterclaim, accepting credible evidence that £65,000 was the price that could and should have been obtained for the land but for the defendants' default or failure to take reasonable precautions in relation to the sale.", "Both parties appealed to the Court of Appeal.", "The appeal was allowed in part, being sent back to an inquiry as to damages, potentially to lower those awarded.", "The respondent borrower was awarded of the costs of the appeal.", "Generally agreeing on the applicable test, two Lord Justices of Appeal saw the case was returned for an inquiry as to damages, on the basis that the price at which the land could probably have been sold was still unclear (one judge used the fading language, \"at large\"), the third would have fully upheld the original damages award.", "Salmon LJ held that Mutual Finance had breached its duty of care to Cuckmere.", "The duty is not to get the best or proper price, whatever that means, but ‘the true market value.’", "This was the proposition of earlier High Court decision in \"Tomlin v Luce\" (1890) (the case was \"followed\").", "Cross LJ agreed that the lender was also responsible for the conduct of its agent (the auctioneer) and either or both were negligent:\nEqually Cairns LJ:" ]

[ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "The tripartite panel at appeal established negligence on the part of the lender or its auctioneer agent." ]

[ "Alves was born in Rio de Janeiro on May 3, 1982, daughter of teacher Fátima Machado and psychologist Sebastião Oliveira.", "From the beginning literacy by the third year of high school she studied at the Colégio Pedro II.", "At 18, she was a volunteer and one of the health workers project Gymkhana-Aids information ONG Criola, who fights against prejudice to black women.", "She graduated in Escola de Serviço Social da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.", "She studied dance, and her teacher nominated her to a famous choreographer, then starting as a dancer in \"Domingão do Faustão\", doing amateur theater and advertising campaigns.", "In 2002, Ahmed was approached by producers of reality show \"Big Brother Brasil\" after several tests and was confirmed in the third edition of the program.", "While in reality remained, she received immunity in the second week, was the third angel and group leader on Wednesday, winning a car as a gift for winning proof.", "Was eliminated in the sixth week after facing Dhomini Ferreira in the wall, and he later edition of the winner.", "After the actress out of \"Big Brother Brasil\", she was invited to the novel \"Chocolate com Pimenta\", where he played \"the young fighter\" Selma.", "With the end of the telenovela, was off work and joined in Psychology at the Rio de Janeiro State University with the quota system for blacks.", "In 2005, participated in the series \"Mano a Mano\" of Rede TV as Rosy, participated in the play \"Como o Diabo Gosta\" and the same year made a cameo as Sheila in \"Prova de Amor\" of Rede Record.", "Two years later, Alves received a proposal from Rede Record to make a big role in a new novel, and at the same time, Globo invited her to act in the miniseries \"Amazônia, de Galvez a Chico Mendes\" in a minor role, finally accepting the proposal from Globo after receiving advice people she loved and trusted.", "In it, she played Áurea.", "After \"Amazônia\", the actress auditioned for the six novel, but has not been hired by Rio broadcaster.", "In the same year embarked on \"Duas Caras\", as \"coquettish periguete\" Gislaine Caó dos Santos.", "Because of its performance in the novel, won the Contigo! actress of revelation.", "In 2008 made several contributions and program in Portuguese \"Episódio Especial\", and Brazilian \"Casos e Acasos\", \"Faça Sua História\" and \"A Grande Família\".", "A year later, he played Suellen, a waitress who works in a pastry shop of an Indian family and used to attend a gaff in Lapa \"India – A Love Story\".", "For his efforts, he won the best actress award at the Black Race Trophy 2009.", "In October 2009, made the cover of Playboy magazine and the end of the year, appeared on \"A Turma do Didi\" and \"Chico e Amigos\".", "Alves, in 2010, lived a villain and social climber Clotilde Matoso in \"Ti Ti Ti\", and in the same year supported the government project \"Levanta a Cabeça - Qual é a sua história?\", Which aimed to enhance the black consciousness through activities in schools impact of state schools.", "In 2011, he acted in movies like Betina in the film \"Vamos Fazer um Brinde\", which received no fee for making and has renewed its contract with Rede Globo for four years at the end of the year.", "In 2012, gave life to villain and cook Dinha in \"Cheias de Charme\", starred in an episode of audiovisual \"As Brasileiras\", in the episode \"A Mascarada do ABC\" as the cabbie Janice.", "Made a contribution in the first season of \"Louco por Elas\" by Marina and as they appeared in the film for the second time in the film \"E Aí... Comeu?\" giving life to \"smart\" Isabela.", "Alves met Guilherme Duarte, her current boyfriend, during the filming of the novel \"Duas Caras\" in 2007.", "He was surrounded by several girls and a mutual friend of the couple encouraged the two together, but the actress did not want to relate so early, but later they officiated dating.", "They interpreted a romantic couple in the plot and had the first meeting after the end of this.", "in 2010, they thought about getting married and lived together for a while, called \"test\" for them, but both returned to live alone then.", "Critics say that Alves has \"soul of a dancer.\"", "She was the muse Salgueiro and queen Battery Império da Tijuca in 2004.", "Representing the Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel, Renascer de Jacarepaguá, Vila Isabel e Pérola Negra at the Carnival of São Paulo.", "In 2013 she was crowned as Queen of the Unidos da Tijuca battery at dawn on November 25, 2013 the court trials of school, and was thrilled: \"I thought it was be better prepared as they have been months of waiting.", "But when I stepped on the court I felt a lot of emotion, because today I'm meeting people who are part of my life, my family and my true friends, who are by my side at all times of my life.", "'m with my people, the week of black consciousness, is the best time of my life.", "define not even know what I'm feeling so excited.", "[...] when I see the smile of a component of the school saying that I played well all worth it\".", "Alves paraded twice in Tijuca when little bayed.", "After being one of the agents and voluntary health project Gymkhana-AIDS information from ONG Criola fighting against prejudice to black women when she was 18, supported in 2011 the government project \"Levanta a Cabeça - Qual é a sua história?\", which aimed to enhance the black consciousness through activities in schools impact of state schools: \"A few months ago my niece came home wondering why she was that color, why was her hair that way.", "Never heard of a white child who questioned their origin.", "School is largely responsible for the socialization of individuals [... ]", "I am very hopeful for the initiatives that are being taken, we have a law requiring the teaching of history and culture african in elementary schools and high schools.", "Since children absorb values that reproduce through learning, no one is born a racist.", "\"\nAlves said that they suffered racism early in his career, and today handles it as an obstacle and not as \"things of this world in which we live.\"", "It will please the quota system for black and brown Brazilian colleges, claiming: \"With regard to equal opportunities are still very backward.", "Even fulfill pre-established quotas.", "That means we still need to fix this social injustice.\"", "The actress ranks Brazil as a country that hides the prejudice in general:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ "Juliana Alves de Oliveira (born May 3, 1982) is a Brazilian actress and model, known to participate in the reality show \"Big Brother Brasil 3\" in 2003." ]

[ "A person who borrows money that is secured against an interest in land (the mortgagor) has a right to redeem the mortgage on repayment of the principal (sum) (plus interest if required by the deed and permitted by the law, such as in a commercial agreement, plus any arrears).", "This right was enforced by courts of equity and is the equity of redemption.", "Courts of equity would not permit restrictions on this right, and \"[a]ny provision inserted to prevent redemption on payment or performance of the debt or obligation for which the security was given, is what is meant by a clog or fetter upon the equity of redemption and is therefore void\".", "It means a person can sell land promptly, or obtain a new mortgage promptly.", "A person entered into a 20-year lease of the Federal Hotel in Katanning, Western Australia in June 1905 and Fairclough purchased the unexpired term of (actual possession not landlord's reversion of) the lease in 1907.", "Fairclough borrowed £500 from the Swan Brewery Co Ltd, repayable in monthly instalments until May 1925(the rest of the term of the lease less 35 days).", "The mortgage stated that:\n#Fairclough could not pay out the loan early without the consent of the Swan Brewery; and\n#an exclusive dealing clause that Fairclough would only purchase beer from the Swan Brewery.\nThe effect of being tied to the Swan Brewery was that Fairclough could only get a discount of 5% on the price of beer, while a free house could get a 12.5% discount.", "In late 1909 the Swan Brewery was having difficulty supplying enough beer due to a shortage of casks.", "Fairclough commenced selling beer from other breweries and in January 1910 sought to repay the debt plus the agreed interest.", "The Swan Brewery did not consent and insisted that the debt could not be repaid until May 1925.", "The Swan Brewery commenced proceedings in the Supreme Court of Western Australia seeking to enforce the exclusive dealing clause and Fairclough made a cross claim seeking equitable relief against the mortgage and damages for the Swan Brewery failing to supply enough beer.", "Fairclough's damages claim for failing to supply enough beer was settled for £75.", "McMillan J held that Fairclough did not need to borrow the £500 but that the Swan Brewery had insisted upon it in order to make sure that the Federal Hotel sold beer exclusively from the Swan Brewery.", "As there was no mutual benefit for the term of 17.5 years, Fairclough had a right to redeem the mortgage.", "The Swan Brewery were entitled to damages of £8 for the few weeks between when Fairclough started selling beer from other breweries and when he sought to redeem the mortgage.", "The Swan Brewery appealed to the Full Court of the Supreme Court.", "Parker CJ, Burnside and Rooth JJ allowed the appeal, finding that a mortgagor was only entitled to redeem a mortgage only after discharge of all the obligations under the mortgage, which included the exclusive dealing clause.", "This was a bargain freely entered into, with no question of fraud, duress or unfair dealing.", "The exclusive dealing clause was a collateral advantage that the Swan Brewery was able to obtain and enforce.", "Fairclough appealed to the Privy Council.", "The advice of the Privy Council was delivered by Lord Macnaghten, which held that there was a broad rule that the right of redemption could not be hampered or crippled, noting that \"The rule in comparatively recent times was unsettled by certain decisions in the Court of Chancery in England which seem to have misled the learned Judges in the Full Court.", "But it is now firmly established by the House of Lords that the old rule still prevails and that equity will not permit any device or contrivance being part of the mortgage transaction or contemporaneous with it to prevent or impede redemption.\"", "A mortgage cannot be made irredeemable and in this case the provision for redemption was nugatory in that it could only be done at a time when the lease was at the point of expiring.", "The House of Lords later held in \"Kreglinger v New Patagonia Meat and Cold Storage Co Ltd\", that collateral advantages in a mortgage could be and could only be upheld if they are \"not either (1) unfair and unconscionable, or (2) in the nature of the penalty clogging the equity of redemption or (3) inconsistent with or repugnant to the contractual and equitable right to redeem,\"\nThere has been some judicial debate in Australia as to the status of the decision in \"Fairclough v Swan Brewery Co Ltd\".", "\"Fairclough v Swan Brewery Co Ltd\" has been cited by the High Court, though not in a way essential to the decision.", "The Supreme Court of NSW has twice held that while the High Court was bound by the decision at the time it was delivered, the High Court was no longer bound by decisions of the Privy Council nor the Supreme Court of NSW and that there was \"no reason why ...", "the courts should not rid us of this vestigial rule\".", "This approach has been rejected in the Supreme Court of Queensland, where it was held that \"[g]iven the long established authority on which the traditional approach is based, and its support in the seriously considered dicta of the High Court it should be followed by courts below the High Court\".", "In Australia, most types of exclusive dealing are against the law only when they substantially lessen competition." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ]

[ "Fairclough v Swan Brewery Co Ltd, is a land law case, in which the Privy Council held that restrictions on the right to redeem a mortgage are void.", "The equity of redemption means that borrowers are able to sell or obtain new mortgage finance promptly and without impinging on other dependent transactions." ]

[ "A person who borrows money that is secured against an interest in land (the mortgagor) has a right to redeem the mortgage on repayment of the principal (sum) (plus interest if required by the deed and permitted by the law, such as in a commercial agreement, plus any arrears).", "This right was enforced by courts of equity and is the equity of redemption.", "Courts of equity would not permit restrictions on this right, and \"[a]ny provision inserted to prevent redemption on payment or performance of the debt or obligation for which the security was given, is what is meant by a clog or fetter upon the equity of redemption and is therefore void\".", "It means a person can sell land promptly, or obtain a new mortgage promptly.", "A person entered into a 20-year lease of the Federal Hotel in Katanning, Western Australia in June 1905 and Fairclough purchased the unexpired term of (actual possession not landlord's reversion of) the lease in 1907.", "Fairclough borrowed £500 from the Swan Brewery Co Ltd, repayable in monthly instalments until May 1925(the rest of the term of the lease less 35 days).", "The mortgage stated that:\n#Fairclough could not pay out the loan early without the consent of the Swan Brewery; and\n#an exclusive dealing clause that Fairclough would only purchase beer from the Swan Brewery.\nThe effect of being tied to the Swan Brewery was that Fairclough could only get a discount of 5% on the price of beer, while a free house could get a 12.5% discount.", "In late 1909 the Swan Brewery was having difficulty supplying enough beer due to a shortage of casks.", "Fairclough commenced selling beer from other breweries and in January 1910 sought to repay the debt plus the agreed interest.", "The Swan Brewery did not consent and insisted that the debt could not be repaid until May 1925.", "The Swan Brewery commenced proceedings in the Supreme Court of Western Australia seeking to enforce the exclusive dealing clause and Fairclough made a cross claim seeking equitable relief against the mortgage and damages for the Swan Brewery failing to supply enough beer.", "Fairclough's damages claim for failing to supply enough beer was settled for £75.", "McMillan J held that Fairclough did not need to borrow the £500 but that the Swan Brewery had insisted upon it in order to make sure that the Federal Hotel sold beer exclusively from the Swan Brewery.", "As there was no mutual benefit for the term of 17.5 years, Fairclough had a right to redeem the mortgage.", "The Swan Brewery were entitled to damages of £8 for the few weeks between when Fairclough started selling beer from other breweries and when he sought to redeem the mortgage.", "The Swan Brewery appealed to the Full Court of the Supreme Court.", "Parker CJ, Burnside and Rooth JJ allowed the appeal, finding that a mortgagor was only entitled to redeem a mortgage only after discharge of all the obligations under the mortgage, which included the exclusive dealing clause.", "This was a bargain freely entered into, with no question of fraud, duress or unfair dealing.", "The exclusive dealing clause was a collateral advantage that the Swan Brewery was able to obtain and enforce.", "Fairclough appealed to the Privy Council.", "The advice of the Privy Council was delivered by Lord Macnaghten, which held that there was a broad rule that the right of redemption could not be hampered or crippled, noting that \"The rule in comparatively recent times was unsettled by certain decisions in the Court of Chancery in England which seem to have misled the learned Judges in the Full Court.", "But it is now firmly established by the House of Lords that the old rule still prevails and that equity will not permit any device or contrivance being part of the mortgage transaction or contemporaneous with it to prevent or impede redemption.\"", "A mortgage cannot be made irredeemable and in this case the provision for redemption was nugatory in that it could only be done at a time when the lease was at the point of expiring.", "The House of Lords later held in \"Kreglinger v New Patagonia Meat and Cold Storage Co Ltd\", that collateral advantages in a mortgage could be and could only be upheld if they are \"not either (1) unfair and unconscionable, or (2) in the nature of the penalty clogging the equity of redemption or (3) inconsistent with or repugnant to the contractual and equitable right to redeem,\"\nThere has been some judicial debate in Australia as to the status of the decision in \"Fairclough v Swan Brewery Co Ltd\".", "\"Fairclough v Swan Brewery Co Ltd\" has been cited by the High Court, though not in a way essential to the decision.", "The Supreme Court of NSW has twice held that while the High Court was bound by the decision at the time it was delivered, the High Court was no longer bound by decisions of the Privy Council nor the Supreme Court of NSW and that there was \"no reason why ...", "the courts should not rid us of this vestigial rule\".", "This approach has been rejected in the Supreme Court of Queensland, where it was held that \"[g]iven the long established authority on which the traditional approach is based, and its support in the seriously considered dicta of the High Court it should be followed by courts below the High Court\".", "In Australia, most types of exclusive dealing are against the law only when they substantially lessen competition." ]

[ 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 ]

[ "Fairclough v Swan Brewery Co Ltd, is a land law case, in which the Privy Council held that restrictions on the right to redeem a mortgage are void." ]

[ "On 8 October 1996, the bank informed Mr Ropaigealach by letter that it was taking steps to realise its security.", "A letter in the same terms was sent to Mrs Ropaigealach at a different address.", "The bank wrote again, on 7 November to Mr and Mrs Ropaigealach at their home, the security, 16 Windsor Esplanade.", "Before the end of the year the bank sold it at auction.", "The Ropaigealachs did not receive the last letter from Barclays (with final demand for payment, as earlier, warning the property would be sold but more imminently) because they were having it renovated and were away.", "They heard of the impending nature of the sale through a neighbour.", "Chadwick LJ gave the leading judgment, he said that it was impossible to be satisfied that Parliament had intended, when enacting section 36 of the Administration of Justice Act 1970, that the mortgagee's common law right to take possession by virtue of his estate should be exercisable only with the assistance of the court.", "The only conclusion as to Parliament's intention which the court could properly reach was that which could be derived from the circumstances in which the section had been enacted, the statutory context in which it appeared, and the language used, and all pointed in the same direction.", "This meant there would be no declaration to stop Barclays' repossession (taking place without a court order).", "The legislation could not be \"otherwise construed\", that is interpreted to provide that protection.", "It does however strike me as very curious that mortgagors should only have protection in the case where the mortgagee chooses to take legal proceedings and not in the case where he chooses simply to enter the property.", "It was not possible to infer that Parliament intended to cover such a case (i.e. use creative purposive interpretation).", "Clarke LJ held under statute at the time, borrowers only have protection in the case where the lender has begun legal proceedings and not in the case of arrears where the lender simply has the right reserved where a demand is unpaid and chooses [if legally entitled] to enter.", "He added\nthe problem... in a case where the mortgagee has already exercised his power of sale, without having taken possession...", "The Law Commission has made proposals to reform the law in this field.", "It is for Parliament to decide whether to accept those or other proposals.", "The common law doctrine of peaceable entry by a mortgagee into mortgaged premises (allowed by mortgages which exclude section 103 of the Law of Property Act) may have been tempered by\n#The law of trespass; and\n#If a private home, incompatibility with Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998.", "The judgment of the Court of Appeal in \"Ropaigealach\" may no longer be regarded as good law.", "An academic practitioner has devoted an article in a land law journal explaining that in a county court action his client-borrowers had, since 1998, sued their mortgagee (secured lender) who have exercised their purported rights to sell their home without any court order.", "The lender quickly agreed to pay damages and costs to the borrower rather than defend a claim in trespass.", "Decisions of the final court of appeal demonstrate that the application of the Convention to the property relations of non-governmental persons is a challenging task, requiring the clearance of multiple hurdles.", "In \"Manchester City Council v Pinnock\" the Supreme Court eventually accepted that HRA Art 8 created a freestanding statutory defence to a possession claim in respect of a person’s home.", "It clarified that the meanings of Art 8\nECHR and Art 8 HRA 1998 Sch.1 in the context of lender's repossession as to a home are identical and therefore perhaps also any sale.", "It used Section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 to interpret a pre-1998 statute purposively.\nThis latter case was made trite law by the European Court of Human Rights in: \"Kay v United Kingdom\"", "[2011] H.L.R. 2 stating:\n68.", "As the Court emphasised in \"McCann\" the loss of one's home is the most extreme form of interference with the right to respect for the home.", "Any person at risk of an interference of this magnitude should in principle be able to have the proportionality of the measure determined by an independent tribunal in light of the relevant principles under Article 8 of the Convention, notwithstanding that, under domestic law, his right to occupation has come to an end.’", "The human rights incompatibility will be removed by:\n#Lending a new meaning to the Administration of Justice Act 1970 s.36;\n#Amending or abolishing the common law rule.", "The High Court (Mr Justice Briggs) refused to remove the apparent incompatibility in 2008.", "Completely \"obiter\" (in a landlord and tenant case) the unanimous panel (writing by two Supreme Justices) in the final court of appeal in a decision in 2016 said:\nThere are a number of types of residential occupiers who are not protected by the Protection from Eviction Act 1977, and who can therefore be physically (albeit peaceably) evicted, such as trespassers, bare licensees, sharers with the landlord and some temporary occupiers, as well, it appears, as mortgagors - see Ropaigealach v Barclays Bank plc", "[2000] QB 263." ]

[ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ]

[ "Ropaigealach v Barclays Bank plc", "[2000] QB 263 is an English land law case, concerning mortgage arrears and a rare mortgage over a family home which had a right to enter a home (temporarily vacant) and sell it without a court order." ]

[ "He was born at Chamberhouse Castle, Crookham, near Thatcham, Berkshire, into a minor gentry family, the Docwras, who came originally from Yorkshire.", "He was the only son of Edmund Docwra MP and his wife Dorothy Golding, daughter of John Golding of Halstead, Essex, and sister of the noted translator Arthur Golding.", "His father was a prominent local politician, who sat in the House of Commons as MP for Aylesbury in the Parliament of 1571.", "He was later obliged by financial difficulties to sell Chamberhouse.", "The family's money troubles may be the reason why his son pursued a military career.", "The Docwras seem to have lacked influential relatives, and this was to be a considerable difficulty to Henry throughout his career, in an age when family connections were of great importance.", "Henry did inherit some lands in Berkshire, which he sold around 1615 to finance his hoped-for return to Ireland and public office.", "After serving for some years as a professional soldier in the Netherlands and France, Docwra, who was still only in his early twenties, was sent by the English Crown to Ireland in about 1584.", "He was made the constable of Dungarvan Castle, and served under Sir Richard Bingham, the governor of Connaught, in 1586.", "Bingham besieged Annis Castle near Ballinrobe, and used Ballinrobe as a base from which to attempt to pacify County Mayo.", "He was unable to subdue the Burke clan, the dominant political force in Mayo, and the campaign ended inconclusively.", "Docwra left Ireland around 1590.", "Like many ambitious young courtiers of the time, he entered the service of the Earl of Essex, the royal favourite, and fought beside him in the war against Spain.", "He took part in the Siege of Rouen in 1591-2, and in the Capture of Cadiz in 1596 where he was knighted by Essex in person for his \"acts of valour\".", "The following year he saw military service under Sir Francis Vere in Maurice of Nassau's campaigns in Brabant, and spent much of the late 1590s in the Netherlands where he distinguished himself at the Battle of Turnhout.", "He did not take part in Essex's ill-fated Islands Voyage expedition to the Azores in 1597.", "In 1599, to his \"unspeakable contentment\", he was sent back to Ireland to serve with Essex during the Nine Years War, acting as his chief adviser on Irish military affairs.", "During Essex's disastrous attempts to pacify Ireland, Docwra was mainly occupied with attempting to subdue the O'Byrne clan in County Wicklow.", "He took no part in Essex's controversial negotiations with Hugh O'Neill, who was the overall Irish leader during the Nine Years' War.", "These negotiations produced a set of terms called the \"Cessation\", which was attacked by Essex's enemies as a total English capitulation to the Irish.", "The Queen's reaction was to tell Essex sharply that if she had wanted to abandon Ireland altogether, it would hardly have been necessary to send him there.", "Docwra had returned to England with Essex in the autumn of 1599.", "In 1600 he was sent back to Ireland as commander of an army of 4000 men and captured the ruined site of Derry in May 1600.", "Fighting continued until 1603.", "The Cessation led quickly to Essex's disgrace, and this in turn caused his rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I, which ended with his execution as a traitor in February 1601.", "Docwra, who had prudently remained in Ireland throughout the crisis, was not suspected of any part in Essex's plotting, and he quickly gained the confidence of Essex's successor as Lord Deputy of Ireland, Mountjoy, although they were later to quarrel over Docwra's policy in Ulster.", "His biographer remarks that if he was not highly regarded as a politician, Docwra did at least have the true politician's instinct for survival.", "In April 1600 Docwra was given an army of 4200 men to subdue Ulster.", "He landed at Carrickfergus, and proceeded to Culmore, where he fortified both the ruined castle there and Flogh, near Inishowen, Donegal.", "Proceeding to what is now Derry, he fortified the hill, and laid out the first streets of the new city.", "Further up the River Foyle he fortified Dunnalong, a position dividing Donegal and Tyrone, in July 1600.", "He constructed Dutch-inspired star-shaped bastion forts, each with a strong earthen rampart, surrounded by a ditch, at the three sites of Culmore, Derry and Dunnalong.", "He engaged in several skirmishes with the Irish, reportedly winning their admiration for his courage and cunning, and was severely wounded by Black Hugh O'Donnell, a cousin of Red Hugh O'Donnell, chief of the O'Donnell Clan.", "However in his early months in Ulster he showed a certain timidity, which damaged his reputation with the English government.", "In particular he was criticised for concentrating his men at Derry, where an epidemic was raging: so many fell sick that his effective force was reduced to 800 men.", "Throughout his career in Ulster, he showed remarkable skill in fostering divisions in the leading Irish clans, and he gained the support of several prominent Irish chieftains, including members of the dominant O'Neill and O'Donnell clans.", "His most notable diplomatic coup was to win for the Crown, at least for a time, the loyalty of Niall Garve O'Donnell, cousin and brother-in-law of Red Hugh.", "A charge often levelled against Docwra by his enemies was of his gullibility in believing in the promises of loyalty made by the Gaelic chieftains, and differences over this policy of conciliation later led to a quarrel between Docwra and Mountjoy.", "In fact, Docwra, who was a sensible man, had no expectation of any of the chieftains remaining loyal \"if the Spaniards should approach these shores\", or if the English suffered any decisive military defeat at the hands of the Irish.", "His attitude was simply that, so long as it lasted, the support of men like Niall Garve was a political asset which the English should exploit to its fullest extent.", "The winter of 1600/1601 was spent in further military expeditions, and in negotiations with the Irish.", "In 1602 he secured Dungiven Castle from Donnell Ballagh O'Cahan, the principal vassal or 'uriaght' of Hugh O'Neill.", "This gave him control of most of what is now County Londonderry, and led O'Cahan to switch sides, depriving O'Neill of a large portion of his remaining force.", "He joined forces with Mountjoy to finally crush Hugh O'Neill, who made his submission to Mountjoy at Mellifont in March 1603.", "The military campaign is said to have been one of exceptional savagery, resulting in the death of thousands of Irish civilians.", "On the death of Queen Elizabeth I, it was Docwra's firm action which prevented a rising in the north of Ireland by his chief Irish ally, Niall Garve O'Donnell, who was infuriated at not having been made Earl of Tyrconnell, a title which was instead conferred on his cousin Rory O'Donnell.", "Niall was, in the short term, persuaded to trust in the promise of further rewards from the Crown.", "Clearly his loyalty could not be depended on for much longer, but then Docwra had never had any trust in the permanent loyalty of the Gaelic chiefs.", "Docwra's reputation as \"the founder of Derry\" rests on his early attempts to develop Derry as a city, although in the short term his efforts came to nothing, as it was burnt to the ground in 1608.", "Docwra had hoped that his services to the Crown in the Nine Years' War would produce rich rewards, and he seems to have set his heart on being created Lord President of Ulster; but he had never been popular, even it seems with his own soldiers.", "His career was further damaged by a quarrel with Sir Arthur Chichester, the strong- minded Lord Deputy of Ireland.", "Also, he lacked powerful friends at court, where he was regarded as something of a nuisance.", "It was said that there was nothing which the Queen and her Council dreaded more than yet another verbose letter from Docwra, angrily replying to any criticism of his conduct; and despite his later success a reputation for timidity and indecision remained with him.", "The old closeness to Essex was held against him, quite unfairly since it was agreed that he had played no part in the rebellion.", "Sir Robert Cecil eventually decided not to trouble the Queen with his letters, and so far as possible he was simply ignored.", "He took the appointment of a Muster Master for Derry as a personal insult quarrelling bitterly with Humphrey Covet, the first Master, and even more sharply with his successor Reynolds.", "He had to be content with being appointed the first provost and 'Governor of Londonderry and Culmore'.", "The city's first charter empowered him to hold markets and a fair.", "It was his duty to appoint the sheriffs, the recorder and the justices of the peace and to hold a county court.", "Docwra was beginning to tire of life in Ireland, although he did not return to England until 1608.", "In 1606 he was bought out of his public offices by Sir George Paulet, whose relations with the Irish leaders of Ulster, and particularly the ruler of Inishowen, Sir Cahir O'Doherty, whose loyalty Docwra had sought to win, were far less amicable.", "During O'Doherty's subsequent rising in 1608, O'Doherty's foster-father Phelim Reagh MacDavitt killed Paulet in battle and Derry was burned.", "Docwra's policy of seeking to conciliate the leading Gaelic nobles of Ulster was now utterly discredited.", "He was accused of neglect of duty and undue leniency towards the native Irish, and retired to England in temporary disgrace.", "Following the Flight of the Earls, and the O'Doherty rebellion, the English Crown no longer saw any advantage in conciliating the chieftains of Ulster: Docwra's Irish allies were ruined, and many of them, including Donnell O'Cahan, Niall Garve O'Donnell, and his son Neachtain, died as prisoners in the Tower of London.", "During his retirement in England, Docwra protested bitterly to King James I that he had been unfairly accused of incompetence, and of his meagre rewards for his services to the Crown: in particular he complained of the failure to make him Lord President of Ulster.", "In 1614 he published his \"Narrative\", which is both a description of, and a justification for, his military actions in Ireland.", "While obviously self-serving, the \"Narrative\" is a valuable source of information for the period.", "His decade-long campaign to return to government employment, preferably in Ireland, finally bore fruit.", "In 1616, following the recall of Lord Deputy Chichester, with whom he had been on bad terms, he was made Treasurer of War for Ireland and returned to live there.", "In 1621 he was raised to the peerage, with a modest grant of land at Ranelagh, now a suburb but then a village on the south side of Dublin city, and another estate at Donnybrook, also in south Dublin.", "Despite his title, he was a comparatively poor man, partly because he had not been given the office of Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, which had previously been associated with the office of Treasurer of War, so that Docrwa's income was half what he might have expected.", "Assurances of a grant \nof lands worth £5000 came to nothing although he did later \nreceive some lands in County Wicklow.", "After his death all his colleagues praised him as \"an honest man who died poor\".", "As Treasurer he avoided the temptation, to which so many of his contemporaries succumbed, of using his office to enrich himself; in 1618 the Privy Council of England commended him to the Lord Deputy for his care and diligence in carrying out his duties.", "His one serious fault as Treasurer, it was generally agreed, was his exceptional slowness in compiling his accounts.", "In his last years he admitted to finding the burden of office almost unbearable, and he was willing to sell his office for £4000.", "In 1628 he was one of 15 peers empanelled to try Edmond Butler, Lord Dunboyne for manslaughter after Butler had killed his cousin, James Prendergast, in a quarrel over the right of inheritance to an Irish feudal barony.", "Docwra was the only one to vote \"guilty\", and Dunboyne was duly acquitted by 14 votes to 1.", "Docwra died on 18 April 1631 in Dublin, shortly after retiring from his public offices, and was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.", "His fellow Irish councillors sent a petition to their English colleagues, praising him as \"an excellent civil servant\", who died (relatively) poor, and recommended his widow and surviving children to their care.", "He married Anne Vaughan, daughter of Sir Francis Vaughan of Sutton-on-Derwent, Yorkshire and his wife Anne Boynton, daughter of Sir Thomas Boynton of Barmston, East Riding of Yorkshire and Frances Frobisher.", "They had two sons, Theodore and Henry.", "Theodore, the elder son, succeeded to the barony but died without issue.", "Little is known of him except that he was obliged to sell his Ranelagh estate and was living in poverty when he died in England in 1647: since his brother Henry had predeceased him, the title became extinct.", "The 1st", "Baron also had three daughters, Anne, Frances, who died young, and Elizabeth; Anne married Captain Shore of Fermanagh, and Elizabeth married as his third wife Sir Henry Brooke of Brookeborough and had issue, including George.", "Lady Docwra outlived her husband and both of her sons, and survived till 1648: like her elder son she was living \nin a state of some poverty in her later years, despite receiving a legacy from Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who had been a close friend and ally of her late husband in his last years.", "As a soldier Docwra was brave, skilful and ruthless; even the Irish reportedly admired him as \"an illustrious knight of wisdom and prudence, a pillar of battle and conflict\".", "He showed considerable skill in negotiating with the Irish clans of Ulster, and was known for fomenting quarrels among them to strengthen the Crown's position.", "Historians have remarked that the accusations made against Docwra by his political enemies of excessive \"leniency\" towards the Irish would have astonished the Irish themselves, thousands of whom are said to have died directly or indirectly as a result of his actions.", "As Treasurer of War, he had his critics, but he also enjoyed an enviable reputation for being diligent, conscientious and upright, if rather slow in conducting business.", "In private life he had a reputation for being honest, public-spirited, and a man of independent judgment.", "In religious matters he is said, by the standards of the time, to have been tolerant enough.", "While there is no doubt that English troops who were under his command killed a number of priests, his biographer argues that Docwra neither ordered nor approved of these killings." ]

[ 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 ]

[ "He is often called \"the founder of Derry\", due to his role in establishing the city." ]

[ "The team played during several season in the old Liga Nacional de Baloncesto and in the Liga ACB until 1991, when it merged with Granollers EB.\nEspanyol was the champion of the currently called Copa del Rey in 1941.", "In 2018, the section was refounded by the Association of Supporters and Shareholders of RCD Espanyol, as part of SD Espanyol, the project for recovering the sporting sections of the club." ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "RCD Espanyol is the basketball team of RCD Espanyol." ]

[ "The rehabilitation process following a spinal cord injury typically begins in the acute care setting.", "Occupational therapy plays an important role in the management of SCI.", "Recent studies emphasize the importance of early occupational therapy, started immediately after the client is stable.", "This process includes teaching of coping skills, and physical therapy.", "Physical therapists, occupational therapists, social workers, psychologists and other health care professionals typically work as a team under the coordination of a physiatrist to decide on goals with the patient and develop a plan of discharge that is appropriate for the patient’s condition.", "In the first step, the focus is on support and prevention.", "Interventions aim to give the individual a sense of control over a situation in which the patient likely feels little independence.", "As the patient becomes more stable, they may move to a rehabilitation facility or remain in the acute care setting.", "The patient begins to take more of an active role in their rehabilitation at this stage and works with the team to develop reasonable functional goals.", "In the acute phase physical and occupational therapists focus on the patient’s respiratory status, prevention of indirect complications (such as pressure sores), maintaining range of motion, and keeping available musculature active.", "Depending on the Neurological Level of Impairment (NLI), the muscles responsible for expanding the thorax, which facilitate inhalation, may be affected.", "If the NLI is such that it affects some of the ventilatory muscles, more emphasis will then be placed on the muscles with intact function.", "For example, the intercostal muscles receive their innervation from T1–T11, and if any are damaged, more emphasis will need to be placed on the unaffected muscles which are innervated from higher levels of the CNS.", "As SCI patients suffer from reduced total lung capacity and tidal volume it is pertinent that physical therapists teach SCI patients accessory breathing techniques (e.g. apical breathing, glossopharyngeal breathing, etc.)", "that typically are not taught to healthy individuals.", "Physical therapists can assist immobilized patients with effective cough techniques, secretion clearance, stretching of the thoracic wall, and suggest abdominal support belts when necessary.", "The amount of time a patient is immobilized may depend on the level of the spinal cord injury.", "Physical therapists work with the patient to prevent any complications that may arise due to this immobilization.", "Other complications that arise from immobilization include muscle atrophy and osteoporosis, especially to the lower limbs, increasing the risk of fractures to the femur and tibia.", "While passive weight bearing of paralyzed lower extremities appears to be ineffective, stressing the bones through muscular contractions initiated by functional electrical stimulation (FES) has yielded positive results in some cases.", "The intensity, frequency, and duration of stress to the bones appear to be important determinants of improved bone parameters.", "Generally, the frequency is effective with three or more weekly exercise sessions.", "Studies of duration suggest that several months to one or more years of FES are necessary.", "Improvement of locomotor function is one of the primary goals for people with a spinal cord injury.", "SCI treatments may focus on specific goals such as to restore walking or locomotion to an optimal level for the individual.", "The most effective way to restore locomotion is by complete repair, but techniques are not yet developed for regeneration.", "Treadmill training, over groundtraining, and functional electrical stimulation can all be used to improve walking or locomotor activity.", "These activities work if neurons of the central pattern generator (CPG) circuits, which generate rhythmic movements of the body, are still functioning.", "With inactivity, the neurons of CPG degenerate.", "Therefore, the above activities are important for keeping neurons active until regeneration activities are developed.", "A 2012 systematic review found insufficient evidence to conclude \"which\" locomotor training strategy improves walking function most for people with spinal cord injury.", "This suggests that it is not the type of training used, but the goals and the routines that have the biggest impact.", "Applying spinal cord stimulation (transcutaneous or epidurally) during weight supported walking have been shown to improve locomotor output.", "In the English NHS a serious shortage of specialist beds was identified by a review in December 2016.", "There were 393 and 54 additional beds were required.", "Patients waited an average of 52 days for a bed on a specialist ward in 2015-16.", "This meant patients were “inappropriately” occupying beds at major trauma centres.", "It was suggested that NHS England’s specialised commissioning division would be unable to fund the recommendations.", "According to the Spinal Injuries Association, of 2,494 referrals in 2017-18 to specialist spinal cord injury centres, only 800 were admitted and many more patients were not referred at all.", "Though rehabilitation interventions are performed during the acute phase, recent literature suggests that 44% of the total hours spent on rehabilitation during the first year after spinal cord injury, occur after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.", "Participants in this study received 56% of their total physical therapy hours and 52% of their total occupational therapy hours after discharge.", "This suggests that inpatient rehabilitation lengths of stay are reduced and that post-discharge therapy may replace some of the inpatient treatment.", "Whether patients are placed in inpatient rehabilitation or discharged, occupational therapists attempt to maximize functional independence at this stage.", "Depending on the level of the spinal cord injury, whatever sparing the patient has is optimized.", "Bed mobility, transfers, wheelchair mobility skills, and performing other activities of daily living (ADLs) are just a few of the interventions that occupational therapists can help the patient with.", "A major problem for spinal cord injury patients is restricted range of motion.", "Massage therapy has been used to aid in range of motion rehabilitation.", "Literature has shown that participants with spinal cord injuries that had massage therapy added into their rehabilitation had significant improvement observed by physical therapist in functional living activities and limb range of motion.", "This could be due to the decrease in H-Reflex amplitudes measured by EMG that is critical for the comfort of spinal cord injury patients for reducing cramps and spasms.", "ADLs can be difficult for an individual with a spinal cord injury; however, through the rehabilitation process, individuals with SCI may be able to live independently in the community with or without full-time attendant care, depending on the level of their injury.", "Further interventions focus on support and education for the individual and caregivers.", "This includes an evaluation of limb function to determine what the patient is capable of doing independently, and teaching the patient self-care skills.", "Independence in daily activities like eating, bowel and bladder management, and mobility is the goal, as obtaining competency in self-care tasks contributes significantly to an individual's sense of self-confidence and reduces the burden on caregivers.", "Quality of life issues such as sexual health and function after spinal cord injury are also addressed.", "Assistive devices such as wheelchairs have a substantial effect on the quality of life of the patient, and careful selection is important.", "Teaching the patient how to transfer from different positions, such as from a wheelchair into bed, is an important part of therapy, and devices such as sliding transfer boards and grab bars can assist in these tasks.", "Individuals who are able to transfer independently from their wheelchair to the driver's seat using a sliding transfer board may be able to return to driving in an adapted vehicle.", "Complete independence with driving also requires the ability to load and unload one's wheelchair from the vehicle.", "In addition to acquiring skills such as wheelchair transfers, individuals with a spinal cord injury can greatly benefit from exercise reconditioning.", "In the majority of cases, spinal cord injury leaves the lower limbs either entirely paralyzed, or with insufficient strength, endurance, or motor control to support safe and effective physical training.", "Therefore, most exercise training employs the use of arm crank ergometry, wheelchair ergometry, and swimming.", "In one study, subjects with traumatic spinal cord injury participated in a progressive exercise training program, which involved arm ergometry and resistance training.", "Subjects in the exercise group experienced significant increases in strength for almost all muscle groups when compared to the control group.", "Exercisers also reported less stress, fewer depressive symptoms, greater satisfaction with physical functioning, less pain, and better quality of life.", "Physical therapists are able to provide a variety of exercise interventions, including, passive range of motion exercises, upper body wheeling (arm crank ergometry), functional electrical stimulation, and electrically stimulated resistance exercises all of which can improve arterial function in those living with SCI.", "Physical therapists can improve the quality of life of individuals with spinal cord injury by developing exercise programs that are tailored to meet individual patient needs.", "Adapted physical activity equipment can also be used to allow for sport participation: for example, sit-skiis can be used by individuals with a spinal cord injury for cross-country or downhill skiing.", "The patient's living environment can also be modified to improve independence.", "For example, ramps or lifts can be added to a patient's home, and part of rehabilitation involves investigating options for returning to previous interests as well as developing new pursuits.", "Community participation is an important aspect in maintaining quality of life.", "Body weight supported treadmill training is another intervention that physiotherapists may assist with.", "Body weight supported treadmill training has been researched in an attempt to prevent bone loss in the lower extremities in individuals with spinal cord injury.", "Research has shown that early weight-bearing after acute spinal cord injury by standing or treadmill walking (5 times weekly for 25 weeks) resulted in no loss or only moderate loss in trabecular bone compared with immobilized subjects who lost 7-9% of trabecular bone at the tibia.", "Gait training with body weight support, among patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries, has also recently been shown to be more effective than conventional physiotherapy for improving the spatial-temporal and kinematic gait parameters.", "A combination of Body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and robotic-assisted BWSTT is being implemented into some training programs.", "The benefits include: (1) assist in reproducing leg movements and optimizing gait pattern (speed, step length, amplitude); (2) training sessions can be prolonged and walking speed can be adjusted, increasing motor outcome; (3) provides consistency of movement, where manual interventions/cues by a trainer may be variable (although a trainer should analyze the gait pattern and outcome measures of the training and supervise training).", "It is important to note that the patient must be an active participant during the robotic movements and try to move with the robot.", "This type of training would be implemented during the beginning of rehabilitation and progressed to independent locomotion as improvements are made.", "However, robotic-assisted BWSTT is expensive and often not affordable by physiotherapy clinics.", "As an alternative, the development of non-motorized exoskeletons are currently being investigated for patients with incomplete SCI.", "The development of the exoskeleton locomotor device would provide an inexpensive alternative to the robotic devices.", "The exoskeleton may be used in areas that can not afford robotic devices, or, in areas that can not provide adequate physiotherapy care.", "Restorative neurology offers a different paradigm of treating spinal cord injury by focusing on the residual remaining motor control and on the intrinsic function of the sub-lesional spinal cord segments." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 ]

[ "When treating a person with a spinal cord injury, repairing the damage created by injury is the ultimate goal." ]

[ "To promote \"Pokémon Black and White\", during the theatrical premiere of \"Pokémon the Movie:White—Victini and Zekrom\" on December 3 and December 4, 2011, a free bonus manga sample containing part of chapter two in the first volume was given out.", "Black is a hot-headed boy whose dream is to win the Pokémon League.", "He owns a Munna and a Braviary, which he nicknamed after their evolved forms, Musha (after Musharna) and Brav (Braviary).", "Black's dream takes up so much of his mind that overthinking would cause him to faint, so he uses Musha to eat up his dream in order to give him more space to think.", "Proffesor Juniper delivers a package containing 3 Pokémon (the Unova starters Tepig, Snivy, and Oshawatt) and 3 Pokédexes to be given to Black and his childhood friends, Cheren and Bianca.", "A mishap causes the Tepig to run away (with Black chasing after it) and the other 2 Pokédexes to become damaged.", "Black befriends the Tepig, calling it Tep, and sets out on his journey.", "During the production of a commercial in Route 1, Black arrives to announce his dream, accidentally getting roped into show business by White.", "White and her Tepig Gigi work for the BW Agency, who book Pokémon for roles in movies and TV shows.", "Black gets blamed for a Galvantua attacking the set (which Black catches and names Tula), and has to pay for the damages by working for the BW Agency.", "In Accumula Town, Black and White see a speech by Team Plasma from Ghetsis, who urges people to liberate their Pokémon by releasing them, regardless of their connection to their trainers.", "Black opposes this and tries to chase Team Plasma down, but is stopped by N, a mysterious trainer who emphasizes the importance of listening to Pokémon.", "N challenges Black to a battle, opposing the use of Pokéballs and the Pokédex.", "Black loses, but the courage of his Tepig in battle shocks N, lamenting the idea that Pokémon want to be with humans.", "Black and White continue their journey through the Unova reigon.", "Black meets up with Cheren and Bianca in Striaton City and team up to defeat the city's Gym Leader, White proposes the idea of a Pokémon Musical to debut in Nimbasa City, and Black faces off against Team Plasma several times; Once in Route 3, when a group of Team Plasma grunts kidnap Musha, in Nacrene City, where Team Plasma attempts to steal a fossil from the Nacrene City Museum, in Castelia City, where Black finds a stronghold where \"liberated\" Pokémon are being kept, and in Liberty Garden, where Team Plasma is trying to capture Mythical Pokémon Victini.", "The Pokémon Musical in Nimbasa City goes off with little issues, but right after White is kidnapped by N and trapped on a Ferris wheel.", "Black's Tepig also evolves (to White's frustration) and is renamed Nite after Pignite.", "While Black fights gym leader Elesa, N reveals to White that he is Team Plasma's King, given a responsibility by Ghetsis to save Pokémon from trainers.", "N manages to talk Gigi into leaving White by showing its ability to fight, and White, unable to accept that revelation, jumps out the Ferris wheel, with N's Servine following her.", "Although traumatized, White decides to temporarily suspend her business and take up Pokémon battling, deciding to train and build a team on the Battle Subway in Nimbasa City.", "While White trains in the Battle Subway, Black continues on his journey to win the Pokémon League.", "He defeats a Zorua that was causing troubles with the drawbridge connecting Nimbasa and Driftveil City, and he teams up with Cheren to fight Team Plasma members in the Cold Storage in Driftveil City.", "Black also defeats the Driftveil City Gym Leader, Clay.", "Clay reveals that Team Plasma is planning to invade the Nacrene City Museum to obtain the Dark Stone, which contains the Legendary Pokémon Zekrom, who represents the extreme ideals of Team Plasma.", "Black defeats Gym Leader Skyla as proof he can face Team Plasma, and the Gym Leaders and Black travel to the Nacrene Museum to battle Team Plasma.", "While the Gym leaders fight Team Plasma, Black goes inside the Museum to find the Dark Stone.", "However, the Gym Leaders (except Brycen and Drayden) are defeated and kidnapped, and a Team Plasma grunt disguised as Elite Four member Brycen takes the Dark Stone and delivers it to Ghetsis, who uses N to reawaken Zekrom.", "Black learns that he must reawaken Reshiram, the Pokémon of Ideals, from the Light Stone and use it to defeat Team Plasma, training at the Tubeline bridge.", "Blacks Pignite evolves again and is renamed Bo, after its final evolution Emboar.", "Black defeats Gym Leader Brycen, but panics after learning that the Pokémon League was set to happen one week later instead of three months later, deciding not the obtain the final Gym Badge.", "Meanwhile, White, now with a full team of Pokémon, helps Bianca discover what to do with her life, as she feels that she hasn't gotten better as a Trainer, and in gratitude, gifts her Pokédex to White.", "Black and White reunite, but learn that N has defeated Alder, the Unova League Champion, as part of a plan to prove himself as the superior trainer and convince everyone to liberate their own Pokémon.", "N tries to reason with Black, White, and Professor Juniper, saying that the professors had been mistreating their Pokémon and that he wanted to liberate them as part of Team Plasma's goal.", "Black tries to battle N to get information on where Team Plasma's headquaters is, but his Pokémon decide not to fight N. Black tries to get Musha's help, but Musha flies off, which N claims is because it dosen't want to eat his dream, which has been warped from the stress of having to defeat Team Plasma and his insecurities of not being able to reach the Pokémon League in time.", "Black faints from the shock of hearing this, and N flies off.", "The day of the Pokémon League arrives, and Black wakes up to discover that the opening ceremony is already underway.", "Black considers leaving for home, but regains some of his confidence when realizing he would be disappointing his Pokémon.", "Black challenges Drayden to a last minute battle to obtain the final Gym Badge, and a message from the Gym Leaders fully reignites his confidence, allowing him to defeat Drayden and enter the Pokémon league as the 32nd contestant.", "The final 8 contestants are Black, Iris, Cheren, Marlon, Leo, Gray (A Team Plasma Sage in disguise), Looker (disguised as Lou Karr to investigate Team Plasma, and Hood Man (later revealed to be Colress, the antagonist of the Black 2/White 2 arc).", "White attempts to investigate Hood Man while the Pokémon League is happening.", "In the finals, Black faces Cheren, who was manipulated by Team Plasma after their encounter at the Cold Storage, and is convinced that he can win the battle with raw strength.", "White manages to uncover Gray's real identity and tells Black that Team Plasma has invaded the Pokémon League, but she is teleported away.", "Black defeats Cheren thanks to the help of Musha (who has finally evolved), and his anger at Team Plasma for manipulating his friend reawakens Reshiram from the Light Stone.", "\"Note: Viz's official English-translated titles through the first nine volumes.", "<onlyinclude>\n</onlyinclude>" ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 ]

[ "They follow the adventures of Black and his journey through the Unova region." ]

[ "The initial teaser trailer featured clips from 11 different shows, with Padilla and Hecox later informing their viewers that there were 18 planned shows in total.", "The first three cartoons launched by the network included \"Do's and Don'ts: A Children's Guide to Social Survival\", \"Zombies vs. Ninjas\", and \"Pubertina\", a show about an 11-year-old girl going through puberty.", "In May 2012, Smosh launched \"Krogzilla\", a show created by and starring Cory Edwards and featuring John O'Hurley.", "\"Snowjacked\" soon followed, broadcasting on Tuesdays, meeting mixed reception.", "At the end of the first three cartoons' 10 episode run, they were replaced by \"Nature Break\", \"Weasel Town\", and \"Oishi High School Battle\".", "\"Oishi High School Battle\" spawned a second season.", "Another show was added replacing \"Krogzilla\" called \"Samurai!", "Daycare\".", "In September 2012, they also launched \"Politicats\" to replace \"Snowjacked\".", "The show that replaced \"Nature Break\" is \"Planets\", a reality show about the ten celestial bodies of the Solar System (the eight planets, Pluto, and the Sun).", "\"Weasel Town\"'s replacement, entitled \"Really Freaking Embarrassing\", created by Peter Hannan (Nickelodeon's \"CatDog\") had its first trailer removed from the website, stated as \"shocking and disturbing content\".", "A new trailer was added, with less disturbing scenes.", "In September 2012, the channel launched \"Oishi Origins\", a three-episode prequel to \"Oishi High School Battle\".", "The show replacing \"Samurai!", "Daycare\" is \"Icons of Teen\", which features both fictional characters (such as Batman and Spock) and real celebrities (such as Oprah Winfrey) as teenagers.", "Also that week, \"Oishi Origins\" was replaced by \"Teleporting Fat Guy\", which is based on a character from previous Smosh videos and explains how he became the Teleporting Fat Guy.", "On November 20, 2012, \"Politicats\" was replaced by \"Sub: 3\" following a Speed Racer-like character that delivers pizza on a tight time limit, met by mixed reviews.", "On November 28, the trailer was released for \"With Zombies\" created by Matt Clark (the creator of \"Planets\").", "On November 15, 2013, \"Do's and Don'ts\" and \"Krogzilla\" received IAWTV nominations for Best Animated Web Series.", "The second seasons for \"Do's and Don'ts\" and Pubertina premièred in April 2014, with \"Do's and Don'ts\" ending in April, and \"Pubertina\" ending in May.", "On June 12, 2013, the paper series \"Paper Cuts\" premiered on the channel.", "The ten episodes featured shot-by-shot re-creations of famous movie scenes and trailers made entirely out of construction paper.", "On June 23, 2013, the Canadian stop motion series \"Life's a Zoo\" premiered on the channel.", "On June 23, 2017, the channel posted their final video, which was the series finale of \"Smosh Babies\" and ceased operations following Anthony’s departure from Smosh.", "Several creators who worked with Shut Up!", "Cartoons have gone on to create their own series or worked on other successful shows, including Mike Hollingsworth (creator of Nature Break, who went on to become the supervising director for \"BoJack Horseman\" and serves as an executive producer for \"Inside Job\"), Brian Wysol (creator of Icons of Teen, Munroe, Maganzo and Staff of Gelroth, who went on to create \"Hot Streets\"), Emily Brundige (creator of Pubertina, who went on to develop \"Harvey Street Kids\" and serves as a writer in various animated shows like \"Unikitty!\" and \"Amphibia\") and Daniel Dominguez (co-creator of Oishi High School Battle, who went on to work as a writer for various shows like \"The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants\").", "a.\"Originally created by Harriss and Matt in 2008 and published to Super Deluxe.", "Shut Up!", "Cartoons gained the rights to the series following the revival of Super Deluxe in 2015." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 ]

[ "Cartoons launched on April 30, 2012 with \"Do's and Don'ts\" and ended with the termination of the series Smosh Babies on June 23, 2017." ]

[ "The initial teaser trailer featured clips from 11 different shows, with Padilla and Hecox later informing their viewers that there were 18 planned shows in total.", "The first three cartoons launched by the network included \"Do's and Don'ts: A Children's Guide to Social Survival\", \"Zombies vs. Ninjas\", and \"Pubertina\", a show about an 11-year-old girl going through puberty.", "In May 2012, Smosh launched \"Krogzilla\", a show created by and starring Cory Edwards and featuring John O'Hurley.", "\"Snowjacked\" soon followed, broadcasting on Tuesdays, meeting mixed reception.", "At the end of the first three cartoons' 10 episode run, they were replaced by \"Nature Break\", \"Weasel Town\", and \"Oishi High School Battle\".", "\"Oishi High School Battle\" spawned a second season.", "Another show was added replacing \"Krogzilla\" called \"Samurai!", "Daycare\".", "In September 2012, they also launched \"Politicats\" to replace \"Snowjacked\".", "The show that replaced \"Nature Break\" is \"Planets\", a reality show about the ten celestial bodies of the Solar System (the eight planets, Pluto, and the Sun).", "\"Weasel Town\"'s replacement, entitled \"Really Freaking Embarrassing\", created by Peter Hannan (Nickelodeon's \"CatDog\") had its first trailer removed from the website, stated as \"shocking and disturbing content\".", "A new trailer was added, with less disturbing scenes.", "In September 2012, the channel launched \"Oishi Origins\", a three-episode prequel to \"Oishi High School Battle\".", "The show replacing \"Samurai!", "Daycare\" is \"Icons of Teen\", which features both fictional characters (such as Batman and Spock) and real celebrities (such as Oprah Winfrey) as teenagers.", "Also that week, \"Oishi Origins\" was replaced by \"Teleporting Fat Guy\", which is based on a character from previous Smosh videos and explains how he became the Teleporting Fat Guy.", "On November 20, 2012, \"Politicats\" was replaced by \"Sub: 3\" following a Speed Racer-like character that delivers pizza on a tight time limit, met by mixed reviews.", "On November 28, the trailer was released for \"With Zombies\" created by Matt Clark (the creator of \"Planets\").", "On November 15, 2013, \"Do's and Don'ts\" and \"Krogzilla\" received IAWTV nominations for Best Animated Web Series.", "The second seasons for \"Do's and Don'ts\" and Pubertina premièred in April 2014, with \"Do's and Don'ts\" ending in April, and \"Pubertina\" ending in May.", "On June 12, 2013, the paper series \"Paper Cuts\" premiered on the channel.", "The ten episodes featured shot-by-shot re-creations of famous movie scenes and trailers made entirely out of construction paper.", "On June 23, 2013, the Canadian stop motion series \"Life's a Zoo\" premiered on the channel.", "On June 23, 2017, the channel posted their final video, which was the series finale of \"Smosh Babies\" and ceased operations following Anthony’s departure from Smosh.", "Several creators who worked with Shut Up!", "Cartoons have gone on to create their own series or worked on other successful shows, including Mike Hollingsworth (creator of Nature Break, who went on to become the supervising director for \"BoJack Horseman\" and serves as an executive producer for \"Inside Job\"), Brian Wysol (creator of Icons of Teen, Munroe, Maganzo and Staff of Gelroth, who went on to create \"Hot Streets\"), Emily Brundige (creator of Pubertina, who went on to develop \"Harvey Street Kids\" and serves as a writer in various animated shows like \"Unikitty!\" and \"Amphibia\") and Daniel Dominguez (co-creator of Oishi High School Battle, who went on to work as a writer for various shows like \"The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants\").", "a.\"Originally created by Harriss and Matt in 2008 and published to Super Deluxe.", "Shut Up!", "Cartoons gained the rights to the series following the revival of Super Deluxe in 2015." ]

[ 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 ]

[ "Shut Up!", "Shut Up!" ]

[ "Since T-cell receptors have a low affinity for their MHC counterparts, it was historically problematic to label T cells effectively using single MHC-T-cell interactions.", "However, in 1996 it was proposed by John Altman to use a complex of multiple MHC molecules to form a more stable bond between corresponding T-cells.", "The most commonly used MHC multimers are tetramers.", "These are typically produced by biotinylating soluble MHC monomers, which are typically produced recombinantly in eukaryotic or bacterial cells.", "These monomers then bind to a backbone, such as streptavidin or avidin, creating a tetravalent structure.", "These backbones are conjugated with fluorochromes to subsequently isolate bound T-cells via flow cytometry.", "MHC multimers allow for a previously unattainable level of specificity in antigen-specific T-cell detection and isolation.", "This ability gives rise to several clinical applications.", "MHC multimers allow for ex vivo selection and proliferation of T-cells specific to viral or tumor-related antigens, which can then be reintroduced to augment the immune system.", "MHC multimers can also be used to eliminate graft-originating T-cells on transplant organs, ex vivo.", "MHC multimers may also be used to eliminate harmful or unwanted T-cells in vivo, such as those that target self cells and lead to autoimmune disease.", "Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development can also be largely influenced by this technology.", "MHC tetramers consist of four MHC molecules, a tetramerization agent and a fluorescently labeled protein (usually streptavidin).", "Streptavidins have also been generated with 6 or 12 binding sites for MHC.", "MHC tetramers are used to identify and label specific T-cells by epitope specific binding, allowing the antigen specific immune response to be analyzed in both animal model and in human.", "MHC tetramers were originally developed using MHC class I molecules for the recognition of cytotoxic T cells, but over the last decade they have allowed for the recognition of CD4 T cells by a wide variety of antigens.", "Tetramer assays are used for single-cell phenotyping and cell counting, and offer an important advantage over other methods, such as ELISPOT and single-cell PCR because they enable the recovery and further study of sorted cells.", "As a flow-cytometry-based application, tetramers are also easy to use and have a short assay time, similar to Antibody-based flow cytometry studies.", "MHC tetramers are used in studies of pathogen immunity and vaccine development, in evaluation of antitumor responses, in allergy monitoring and desensitization studies, and in autoimmunity.", "They provide an ideal means to characterize the T cells that respond to a vaccine, and they have been used to test T cell responses in many vaccine systems, including influenza, yellow fever, tuberculosis, HIV/SIV and a large number of cancer vaccine trials, including melanoma and chronic myeloid leukemia.", "Class II tetramers have been used for analysis of a variety of human CD4 T cell responses to pathogens, including influenza A, Borrelia, Epstein-Barr virus, CMV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, hepatitis C, anthrax, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, human papillomavirus, and HIV.", "Tetramer variants have been developed that, either radiolabelled or coupled to a toxin such as saporin, can be injected into live mice to modulate or even deplete specific T cell populations.", "Peptide–MHC tetramers have also been used therapeutically.", "For instance, cytomegalovirus-specific T cells have been enriched to high levels of purity using magnetic bead-based enrichment for use as a therapy for stem cell transplant patients.", "Pentamers consist of five MHC-peptide headgroups, arranged in a planar configuration so that, unlike MHC tetramers, all of the headgroups can contact the CD8+ T cell.", "The headgroups are connected via flexible linkers to a coiled-coil multimerization domain, which in turn is connected to five fluorescent or biotin tags.", "Pentamers are available with APC, R-PE, or biotin labelling, and also unlabelled with separate tags for long-term storage.", "Pentamers offer enhanced brightness and avidity of staining compared with other multimer reagents.", "MHC pentamers have been used in the detection of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in flow cytometry, and are cited in over 750 peer reviewed publications external_link_1, including several in the journals \"Nature\" and \"Science\".", "MHC pentamers can also be used in tissue staining, and in magnetic isolation of antigen-specific T cells.", "While pentamers are licensed for research use only, in 2009 a special dispensation was granted for a team to use them for isolating EBV-specific T cells for mother-daughter transfer, for lifesaving treatment of EBV-associated lymphoma in the daughter.", "Pentamers are available for antigens from the following disease areas: adenovirus, HCV, malaria, SIV, autoimmune disease, HIV, transplantation antigens, trypanosoma, cancer, HPV, tuberculosis, chlamydia, HTLV, vaccinia, CMV, influenza, VSV, EBV, LCMV, RSV, West Nile virus, HBV, \"Listeria\", Sendai virus, yellow fever.", "Custom specificity pentamers may also be commissioned.", "Pentamers are currently used in research by academia, industry and clinicians, and research using pentamers has appeared in the international media external_link_2external_link_3 on several occasions.", "A form of MHC multimer developed and trademarked by the Danish biotechnology company, Immudex in 2002.", "Dextramer reagents are fluorescently labeled with FITC, PE or APC, and contain MHC molecules attached to a dextran backbone, which are used to detect antigen-specific T-cells in fluid cells and solid tissue samples using flow cytometry.", "These T-cells contain T-cell receptors (TCR) that recognize a specific MHC-peptide complex displayed on the surface of antigen presenting cells allowing for detection, isolation, and quantification of these specific T-cell populations due to an improved signal-to-noise ratio not present in prior generations of multimers.", "Dextramer® reagents have been developed with a larger number of MHC-peptides for various human, mouse, and rhesus macaque genes involved in diseases including but not limited to: cancer, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), LCMV, human papillomavirus (HPV), BK polyomavirus, HTLV, hepatitis, mycobacterium, and graft-versus-host disease.", "Dextramer technology is currently used in academic and clinical research due to their increased specificity and binding affinity, which allows for increased avidity for specific T-cells and enhances staining intensity.", "This advantage is a result of the increased ability of Dextramers to bind multiple times to a single T-cell, improving the stability of this interaction as compared with other multimer technologies such as pentamers and tetramers.", "Further applications include the ability to isolate antigen specific T-cell populations as well as \"in situ\" detection using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for various disease states (e.g. solid tumors).", "These reagents are therefore important for future drug and vaccine development.", "Immudex developed a CMV Dextramer® assay for exploratory detection and quantification of CD8+ T-cells in blood samples, covering a broad range of epitopes to assist with screening and monitoring CMV progression in future clinical settings.", "MHC Dextramer® reagents are available with MHC class I and MHC class II molecules." ]

[ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 ]

[ "MHC multimers are oligomeric forms of MHC molecules, designed to identify and isolate T-cells with high affinity to specific antigens amid a large group of unrelated T-cells.", "Multimers may be used to display class 1 MHC, class 2 MHC, or nonclassical molecules (e.g. CD1d) from species such as monkeys, mice, and humans." ]

[ "Since T-cell receptors have a low affinity for their MHC counterparts, it was historically problematic to label T cells effectively using single MHC-T-cell interactions.", "However, in 1996 it was proposed by John Altman to use a complex of multiple MHC molecules to form a more stable bond between corresponding T-cells.", "The most commonly used MHC multimers are tetramers.", "These are typically produced by biotinylating soluble MHC monomers, which are typically produced recombinantly in eukaryotic or bacterial cells.", "These monomers then bind to a backbone, such as streptavidin or avidin, creating a tetravalent structure.", "These backbones are conjugated with fluorochromes to subsequently isolate bound T-cells via flow cytometry.", "MHC multimers allow for a previously unattainable level of specificity in antigen-specific T-cell detection and isolation.", "This ability gives rise to several clinical applications.", "MHC multimers allow for ex vivo selection and proliferation of T-cells specific to viral or tumor-related antigens, which can then be reintroduced to augment the immune system.", "MHC multimers can also be used to eliminate graft-originating T-cells on transplant organs, ex vivo.", "MHC multimers may also be used to eliminate harmful or unwanted T-cells in vivo, such as those that target self cells and lead to autoimmune disease.", "Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development can also be largely influenced by this technology.", "MHC tetramers consist of four MHC molecules, a tetramerization agent and a fluorescently labeled protein (usually streptavidin).", "Streptavidins have also been generated with 6 or 12 binding sites for MHC.", "MHC tetramers are used to identify and label specific T-cells by epitope specific binding, allowing the antigen specific immune response to be analyzed in both animal model and in human.", "MHC tetramers were originally developed using MHC class I molecules for the recognition of cytotoxic T cells, but over the last decade they have allowed for the recognition of CD4 T cells by a wide variety of antigens.", "Tetramer assays are used for single-cell phenotyping and cell counting, and offer an important advantage over other methods, such as ELISPOT and single-cell PCR because they enable the recovery and further study of sorted cells.", "As a flow-cytometry-based application, tetramers are also easy to use and have a short assay time, similar to Antibody-based flow cytometry studies.", "MHC tetramers are used in studies of pathogen immunity and vaccine development, in evaluation of antitumor responses, in allergy monitoring and desensitization studies, and in autoimmunity.", "They provide an ideal means to characterize the T cells that respond to a vaccine, and they have been used to test T cell responses in many vaccine systems, including influenza, yellow fever, tuberculosis, HIV/SIV and a large number of cancer vaccine trials, including melanoma and chronic myeloid leukemia.", "Class II tetramers have been used for analysis of a variety of human CD4 T cell responses to pathogens, including influenza A, Borrelia, Epstein-Barr virus, CMV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, hepatitis C, anthrax, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, human papillomavirus, and HIV.", "Tetramer variants have been developed that, either radiolabelled or coupled to a toxin such as saporin, can be injected into live mice to modulate or even deplete specific T cell populations.", "Peptide–MHC tetramers have also been used therapeutically.", "For instance, cytomegalovirus-specific T cells have been enriched to high levels of purity using magnetic bead-based enrichment for use as a therapy for stem cell transplant patients.", "Pentamers consist of five MHC-peptide headgroups, arranged in a planar configuration so that, unlike MHC tetramers, all of the headgroups can contact the CD8+ T cell.", "The headgroups are connected via flexible linkers to a coiled-coil multimerization domain, which in turn is connected to five fluorescent or biotin tags.", "Pentamers are available with APC, R-PE, or biotin labelling, and also unlabelled with separate tags for long-term storage.", "Pentamers offer enhanced brightness and avidity of staining compared with other multimer reagents.", "MHC pentamers have been used in the detection of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in flow cytometry, and are cited in over 750 peer reviewed publications external_link_1, including several in the journals \"Nature\" and \"Science\".", "MHC pentamers can also be used in tissue staining, and in magnetic isolation of antigen-specific T cells.", "While pentamers are licensed for research use only, in 2009 a special dispensation was granted for a team to use them for isolating EBV-specific T cells for mother-daughter transfer, for lifesaving treatment of EBV-associated lymphoma in the daughter.", "Pentamers are available for antigens from the following disease areas: adenovirus, HCV, malaria, SIV, autoimmune disease, HIV, transplantation antigens, trypanosoma, cancer, HPV, tuberculosis, chlamydia, HTLV, vaccinia, CMV, influenza, VSV, EBV, LCMV, RSV, West Nile virus, HBV, \"Listeria\", Sendai virus, yellow fever.", "Custom specificity pentamers may also be commissioned.", "Pentamers are currently used in research by academia, industry and clinicians, and research using pentamers has appeared in the international media external_link_2external_link_3 on several occasions.", "A form of MHC multimer developed and trademarked by the Danish biotechnology company, Immudex in 2002.", "Dextramer reagents are fluorescently labeled with FITC, PE or APC, and contain MHC molecules attached to a dextran backbone, which are used to detect antigen-specific T-cells in fluid cells and solid tissue samples using flow cytometry.", "These T-cells contain T-cell receptors (TCR) that recognize a specific MHC-peptide complex displayed on the surface of antigen presenting cells allowing for detection, isolation, and quantification of these specific T-cell populations due to an improved signal-to-noise ratio not present in prior generations of multimers.", "Dextramer® reagents have been developed with a larger number of MHC-peptides for various human, mouse, and rhesus macaque genes involved in diseases including but not limited to: cancer, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), LCMV, human papillomavirus (HPV), BK polyomavirus, HTLV, hepatitis, mycobacterium, and graft-versus-host disease.", "Dextramer technology is currently used in academic and clinical research due to their increased specificity and binding affinity, which allows for increased avidity for specific T-cells and enhances staining intensity.", "This advantage is a result of the increased ability of Dextramers to bind multiple times to a single T-cell, improving the stability of this interaction as compared with other multimer technologies such as pentamers and tetramers.", "Further applications include the ability to isolate antigen specific T-cell populations as well as \"in situ\" detection using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for various disease states (e.g. solid tumors).", "These reagents are therefore important for future drug and vaccine development.", "Immudex developed a CMV Dextramer® assay for exploratory detection and quantification of CD8+ T-cells in blood samples, covering a broad range of epitopes to assist with screening and monitoring CMV progression in future clinical settings.", "MHC Dextramer® reagents are available with MHC class I and MHC class II molecules." ]

[ 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 ]

[ "Multimers may be used to display class 1 MHC, class 2 MHC, or nonclassical molecules (e.g. CD1d) from species such as monkeys, mice, and humans." ]

[ "George Edward Bonsor (Jorge Bonsor in Spanish-language sources) was born in the rapidly expanding industrial city of Lille in northern France during the Second French Empire.", "His father, James Bonsor, was an entrepreneur-engineer originally from Nottingham, England.", "His mother, Pauline Marie Leonie Saint Martin Ghislaine, was a native of Lille.", "Pauline Bonsor died a few months after her son's birth at 25.", "She died due to Asepsis, as during this time period, surgeons, doctors and midwives failed to wash their hands often.", "After his mother's death Bonsor's father remarried in 1856 to an English widow named Sarah Gregory (born Sarah Taylor).", "This second marriage produced three more children, George's half-sisters Claire and Suzanne Bonsor and his half-brother, Willy.", "Meanwhile, George was cared for by his father's sister and her husband, John and Louise Marie Batley at \"Seaborough Court,\" a manor house in Seaborough, until he was old enough to be sent away to boarding school.", "Although English-language sources focus on Bonsor's childhood with his English cousins, other sources pay more attention to time spent with his late mother's family in northern France.", "A short distance down-river of Paris, in the village of Guernes, lived the Payot Saint-Martin extended family consisting of his mother's uncles and their children.", "Four of these, Henri, Pierre, Valentine and Pauline were also first cousins of George Bonsor.", "According to Pauline, his French cousins treated George like another brother.", "He was a joyous addition to the family when he was staying with them in France, living alternately with the Batleys in southern England with his Guernes cousins while his father, James Bonsor, continued to pursue his various business interests in different parts of the European mainland.", "George Bonsor's family was relatively wealthy on both his mother's and father's sides.", "That was reflected in his education, which was nevertheless far from conventional on account of its cosmopolitan extent.", "Her was fluent in both English and French as a young teenager, and was able to acquire an equivalent mastery of Spanish without too much difficulty as a young adult.", "His fathers work as an engineer involved working in various parts of Europe, according to the location of whichever project he was engaged on.", "When he was old enough to undertake secondary education, it was determined that George should accompany his father.", "The boy therefore attended secondary schools in a succession of different countries, united by the fact that they were undergoing industrialisation at the time.", "There is no surviving record of the precise dates of Bonsor's itinerant school career, nor of the durations and sequences.", "Juan de Dios de la Rada and subsequent biographers list them as follows, however: the \"Athénée\" school in Tournai (Belgium), the \"German college\" in Moscow, a lycée in Albi and another in nearby Montauban as well as a school in Huddersfield (England).", "The habit of constant travel thus acquired became a permanent feature of Bonsor's life.", "It was an extremely important aspect of his schooling, in terms of developing his intense curiosity, observational abilities, love of geography and appetite for knowledge.", "There are no very obvious reasons why, on completing his schooling, Bonsor's interests turned towards the fine arts.", "There are suggestions that on his extensive boyhood travels with his father he had gained an exceptionally broad exposure to various aspects of Europe's cultural heritage.", "During the later 1870s he attended fine arts academies in London, and later in Brussels .", "As with his schooling, so with his university-level studies, more precise dates are unknown.", "There are nevertheless widely repeated (though otherwise undocumented) reports that at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels he won a significant prize for \"archaeological technical drawing\".", "This reported prize may reflect \"an element of archaeological training\", also mentioned by biographers, which otherwise remains unattested.", "A mastery of archaeological technical drawing certainly proved useful after he decided to pursue Archaeology as a career.", "Bonsor became the first (otherwise) self-taught gentleman-archaeologist who would systematically make use of technical drawings in documenting materials and structures discovered, which he saw as genuinely artistic items.", "He himself was a strong advocate of the importance of recording archaeological discoveries.", "Some time later he shared his opinion that \"no one not intending to provide serious drawings [should be encouraged to embark on an archaeological dig].", "I consider it a crime to undertake an excavation without providing a minutely detailed drawing of the excavation\".", "Important as those technical drawings were at the time, and to subsequent generations, Bonsor was always eager to exploit newly emerging technologies, complementing the drawings with photographs.", "When it came to photography, howqever, he generally preferred to invoke the help of locally based professionals, principally Ramón Pinzón or Augusto Pérez Romero.", "For Europeans the status of the British empire as the sole surviving super power had gone little unquestioned since 1805.", "George Bonsor, as the son of an English father, was unfailingly content to present himself as a British subject throughout his life.", "It was nonetheless striking that when he wrote documents or articles for publication he almost invariably did so using French or Spanish.", "He rarely wrote anything in English.", "In 1922 Bonsor provided his own explanation of this seeming contradiction in a card he wrote to Reginald Smith of the British Museum: \"I know how odd it must sound that, being an Englishman, I am not able to provide my article in English, and on this I must explain myself.", "I was born in France, of an English father, and I grew up in Belgium.", "I came to Spain as a young man, some 40 years ago.", "I came here to paint, but I soon abandoned art in favour of archaeology\".", "Having concluded his academic studies, Bonsor decided he needed to travel to southern Europe to deepen his understanding of Spanish art, in part as a way to consolidate his own painting style.", "Bonsor's own paintings from this period concentrate on figures of people and costumbrismo scenes.", "Funding arrived in the form of periodic remittances from the family.", "The diaries in which he meticulously recorded his visit to Spain reveal Bonsor to be a very systematic man.", "There is no obvious indication that when he set out to visit Spain, it had occurred to him that he would be living in the country for the reat of his life.", "His impressions of what he saw and the accounting for his expenses are recorded with impressive clarity and in great detail.", "The language used is French.", "For most of the tour he was accompanied by Paulus, a Belgian Roman Catholic and a companion from his time at the Beaux-Arts Académie in Brussels.", "They traveled from Brussels to Bordeaux by train, and from there continued by train via Biarritz and the border at San Juan de Luz, where they crossed over to Irun and a broad gauge Spanish train, continuing to Burgos, where they made their first stop.", "The underlying objective of the trip was to visit the artistic monuments, art museums and anything else that might be of interest to youthful artists from the north.", "In his diary Bonsor recorded the names of more than ten of his former fellow students from the Beaux-Arts Académie who were taking the opportunity to visit other countries of the European south in pursuit of artistic experiences.", "Several of the former student contemporaries he names later became members of the \"Les XX\", the group of twenty Belgian artists who would form the nucleus of an artisrtic revival in and around Brussels during the 1890s.", "In Burgos they befriended the young artist Primitivo Carcedo, who showed them the city, paying particular attention to the great Gothic cathedral and the Miraflores Charterhouse (Carthusian monastery).", "Carcedo also helped the travellers improve their Spanish and supervised their first visit to a Spanish \"taverna\".", "Reflecting the relatively unchallenging topography of the admittedly indirect route from Burgos to Madrid via Valladolid.", "there had been a rail connection from Burgos to the Spanish capital since 1860, of which Bonsor and Paulus now took advantage.", "On their arrival they immediately made their way to the oconic Puerta del Sol.", "Bonsor also records in his diary their visit to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando where they were particularly keen to admire Francisco Pradilla's recently completed \"Doña Juana La Loca\" (1877), a work very much in keeping with the tastes of the times.", "There were many other respected masterpieces at the Real Academia which they were also able to study closely.", "Naturally they also spent time at the Prado, making their own copies of paintings in order better to understand the underlying techniques of the originators.", "Shortly before their departure from Madrid they visited the National Archaeological Museum, at which point Binsor had evidently made up his mind about Madrid, confiding to his diary that the place bored him supremely.", "They moved on to Toledo, a short train ride to the west of Madrid.", "The city in which El Greco had lived out his final decades immediately captivated Bonsor: \"The city of Toledo I liked enormously, from the first glimpse: I see that there are many things that I have to paint here\".", "It was the local customs and the idyosyncracies of some of the characters that he came across which most obviously grabbed his eye.", "The people he picked out were the types that tend to capture the attention of many foreign visitors, the street beggars, the gypsies and the priests.", "His diary entries include precisely observed descriptions of historical and artisanal monuments.", "On some of these he also produced brief literary essays that accompanied the letters of thanks that he sent to relatives for the cash remittances on which he was still dependant.", "Bonsor's next stop was Cordoba, where he stayed just one night.", "That was long enough to see the city walls, the Roman bridge (until 1953 Córdoba's only bridge over the Guadalquivir river) and Córdoba's remarkable Mezquita-catedral.", "It is nevertheless apparent that, for Bonsor, Córdoba at this stage represented little more than a transit point along the route from Madrid to his intended destination in the south, Seville.", "His diary indicates that his first visit to Seville was also something of a disappointment, however.", "Bonsor found little that he wanted to paint in Seville.", "He nevertheless visited the cathedral, albeit with the sole purpose (he wrote) of admiring the works of Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, whom he very much admired.", "He also visited the provincial museum and the famously ornate Hospital de la Caridad, where he serendipitously came across a painting by Juan de Valdés Leal.", "While respectful of Seville's rich artistic legacy, Bonsor was underwhelmed by contemporary Sevillan painters, whom he found \"mediocre\".", "Based on a recommendation from his father, who back in 1845 had visited the pretty little town of Carmona in the hill country a short distance inland from Seville, in 1881 Jorge Bonsor decided to visit the place for himself.", "Bonsor's first visit to Carmona lasted just four days.", "He spent his time identifying and in some cases sketching scenes to which he would later return in order to paint what he saw, both in oils and in watercolours.", "After thoroughly exploring the little town and its surrounds, and locating some of its hnidden corners, he was obliged to leave Carmona and make his way to Gibraltar, where he had arranged to meet his autn and uncle, Marie and John Batley, together with their elder son, Armytage Batley.", "He accompanied his relatives on a little tour of the region, taking in visits to Málaga, Granada and Seville, where he left them, returning again to Carmona on 4 March 1881.", "He stayed at a little guest house at \"calle de Prim nº 13\", where he had enjoyed an evening meal during his first brief visit to the town.", "A few weeks later he was back in Gibraltar, re-acquainting himself with the British empire, and where he unexpectedly came across his friend and student contemporary Paulus again.", "They decided to travel to Tangier, staying in Morocco together for ten days between 7 and 17 May 1881.", "After that unscheduled trip he returned again to Carmona where he remained for the next nine months.", "He had found his new home.", "He loved to observe and to paint scenes from the vibrant daily life of the townsfolk, much of which in those days was centred round the church.", "There is a painting of altar boys in the \"patio de los Naranjos\" (gounds) of the priory church of Santa Martia.", "Another is a landscape with the Monastery of the Virgin of Grace at its centre.", "(The monastery, which no longer exists, was located opposite the Carmona Alcázar.)", "There is a picture of the road passing the Convento de Santa Clara, with interest added by the inclusion of a water carrier with his donkey, and others of the market place.", "He sometimes added his own jocular notes to his paintings: \"The poor Spanish beggars are numerous, cheerful, and heavy smokers.", "When I paint, the poor blind folks passing by always come across to evaluate what I am doing with an expert eye!", "Which goes to show that when it comes to my own work, these guys are not as blind as the others.", "\"\nDuring Holy Week in 1881 Bonsor prepared a detailed painting of the Carmona Procession of St. James on Maundy Thursday.", "He was still only 26, and his diary record indicates a loss of the famous reserve that people associated with well-born English gentlemen: \"When night came, I watched from my balcony the procession passing with all its lights.", "On the balcony opposite there were several girls who began to gossip and giggle as soon as they saw me: 'It's that foreigner!", "It's the painter!'.", "One of them, her face half covered behind her black mantilla, seemed to be asking me for something!", "So I concentrated only on her, and no longer watched the passing procession\".", "Quite soon Bonsor became well-known and widely liked in the town, known to his fellow townsfolk as \"the English painter\".", "When he painted in the streets, people would stop and pass comments such as \"How beautifully painted that lamp is\", which gave rise to the comment in his diary \"I am building a reputation as a painter of oil lamps\".", "He received a commission from Father José Barrera, one of the priests in the town, to produce a portrait of Father Sebastián Gómez Muñiz, the town's vicar.", "Bonsor was paid four duros \"for materials\".", "He confided his delight to his diary, \"See how in Spain today it is only the priests who encourage painters\".", "Another of the local spectacles in which Bonsor took delight was \"Toro de cuerda\" (\"literally \"bull on a rope\"\"), an old tradition often associated with bull-fighting, though purists insist that the two ritualised events have nothing in common beyond the involvement of bulls, and some of the bull-related perils for the young men involved.", "Bonsor also enjoyed watching groups of young people returning from the fields at around sunset, climbing the twisting hill road in their white shirts and blouses towards the town, with brightly coloured scarves fixed across their chests, still wearing the palm-leaf hats characteristic of the locality, which had protected them from the sun's heat during the day, and leading donkeys laden with children and whatever produce from the fields they had gathered.", "What he liked best about it was watching the boy who went at the front of each group, blowing a sound on a large sea shell in order to announce their approach." ]

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[ "George Edward Bonsor Saint Martin (March 30, 1855 – August 1930) was a French-born British historian and painter who later came to wider prominence in Spain as an archaeologist." ]

[ "When Schultz and Fraites began collaborating, writing together and playing gigs around New York City, they did so under various names including Free Beer, 6Cheek and Wesley Jeremiah.", "Fraites elaborated, \"When Wes and I got together, our first band name was Free Beer.", "It wasn't serious at first.", "We were a crappy band doing (terrible) covers.", "But we slowly started getting away from covers and writing originals.", "We were doing everything: vanilla singer-songwriter stuff, hard rock, electronic music.", "There was no focus; it was a mad, random mess.\"", "According to Schultz, the band became The Lumineers after a band called Lumineers (a made up word) was supposed to play at a club in Jersey City the week after Schultz and Fraites played there.", "The emcee mistakenly introduced Schultz and Fraites as \"The\" Lumineers, and the name stuck.", "The Lumineers struggled to find success in New York according to Schultz, who said, \"I was living in Brooklyn and working three jobs just to pay the rent,\" adding, \"it was really infuriating to move to a city that would help us grow musically but then never have any time to work on music.", "So I decided to do something about it.\"", "In 2009, after considering relocating to London, Philadelphia and Boston, Fraites and Schultz, in their \"ignorance and naïveté\", moved to Denver, Colorado, and joined the open mic scene.", "During this time they had a former member, Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke play with them rarely.", "Van Dyke sued The Lumineers around 2008, claiming that Schultz and Fraites didn't give him the proper credit he deserved.", "Later Schultz and Fraites acknowledged Van Dyke, and admitted that they performed for a short period of time.", "Van Dyke claims that he co-wrote nine songs with Schultz and Fraites.", "In 2010, after the band's relocation to Denver, Fraites and Schultz met classically trained cellist Neyla Pekarek.", "Although Pekarek had just recently graduated from college and was planning to become a music teacher, she responded to a Craigslist ad posted by Schultz and Fraites requesting a cellist and agreed to join the band when she was invited.", "As a three-piece, The Lumineers met Maxwell Hughes at an open mic event in Denver.", "Hughes played and toured with the band as an unofficial fourth member and contributed to the band's debut album.", "He suggested joining the band as a mandolin accompaniment, but the band was not looking for a permanent fourth member at the time, so Hughes and The Lumineers parted ways.", "They originally signed a management deal with Onto Entertainment which funded the band to record a full-length album in Seattle at Bear Creek Studio with producer Ryan Hadlock.", "The album was then remixed by Kevin Augunas, who also worked with the Black Keys, Cold War Kids, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, J-Roddy Walston and the Business, and Jon Brion.", "In December 2011, the song \"Ho Hey\", which would become the band's first single, was used in the first season of CW's \"Hart of Dixie\".", "This started a national buzz on social media.", "In January 2012, John Richards, the morning show DJ at KEXP-FM in Seattle, discovered \"Ho Hey\" in a pile of new CDs he had received, played it twice in a row daily for a week, and called it the best song of 2012.", "WXPN Philadelphia / NPR then conducted a feature on the band on their \"World Cafe: Next\" program.", "The band passed up major label offers to sign a deal with an independent label Dualtone Records that same month.", "The album was then licensed under similar terms to Dine Alone Records in Canada, Inertia in Australia, and Decca Records for the rest of the world.", "On signing with smaller independent labels, Fraites claimed, \"it's just nice to work with people that are entirely engaged.", "You know, not just sitting in front of a computer and playing \"Angry Birds\" on their cell phones all day,\" adding, \"with these smaller labels, people work 12 or 15 hour days to ensure our records are in the stores, and that we're getting played at radio.", "We want to work with people that are as hungry as we are.", "\"\nTheir self-titled debut album \"The Lumineers\" was released on April 3, 2012, on Dualtone Records.", "The album was met with mixed to positive critical reception, holding a 73 on review aggregator Metacritic, translating to \"generally favorable reviews\".", "Musicperk.com rated the album 8/10 commenting, \"a spark of uniqueness does exist\".", "The band's popularity continued to build in 2012 with sold-out shows and favorable reviews, and their debut album went on to peak at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart.", "Of the album's success, Schultz told Liz Riggs of \"American Songwriter\" that \"It's really arbitrary to any of us, especially to Jer and Neyla and I... because we've never really had an album out in this way...", "I'm really thrilled, but I also take it with a grain of salt,\" adding, \"I think basically, I feel really lucky because I know how fickle the business, the industry is.\"\nOn June 14, 2012, the album's first single, \"Ho Hey\", debuted at number 90 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, their first song to do so.", "\"Ho Hey\" later peaked at number three on the Hot 100, making it the band's first top five single.", "As of 2017, the track has sold over five million copies.", "On June 30, \"Ho Hey\" hit number one at commercial Triple A radio, maintaining the position for eight weeks.", "Later, on September 17, the song hit number one on the Alternative Songs chart where it stayed for two weeks.", "\"Ho Hey\" also reached number one on \"Billboard\"'s Rock Airplay, Hot Rock Songs, Alternative Songs, Rock Digital Songs, Alternative Digital Songs, Heatseekers Songs, Adult Pop Songs and Adult Contemporary Songs charts.", "\"Ho Hey\" experienced charting success internationally as well, reaching number one on the Canadian Alternative radio chart and number 17 on the Canadian single sales chart.", "It also reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first top 10 single there.", "In October 2012, Spotify named \"Ho Hey\" as the most shared song in Manhattan and third most shared in Brooklyn.", "On November 23, 2012, The Lumineers released \"Winter\", an EP version of their self-titled debut album.", "On December 5, 2012, The Lumineers were nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best New Artist and Best Americana Album.", "Continuing into 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would spend eight consecutive weeks atop \"Billboard\"s Adult Pop Songs chart.", "Simultaneously, \"Stubborn Love\", the second single off their self-titled album, would see two four-week runs at number one on the Adult Alternative Songs chart.", "The Lumineers headline shows in the Northeastern U.S. were announced for February 2013 and quickly sold out.", "Similarly, the band's tours of the U.K., Europe and Australia in early 2013 sold out all shows, after many shows were moved to larger venues.", "\"Submarines\" was released as the third single on July 30, 2013.", "The band performed \"Ho Hey\" and \"Submarines\" on \"The Colbert Report\" in July 2013.", "In August 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would become the 10th song to reach a 60th week on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, eventually finishing its run on the Hot 100 after 62 weeks, one of the highest runs in the chart's history.", "Subsequently, on August 20, 2013, a deluxe edition of their debut album was released, which included five bonus tracks, over 25 minutes of video footage and a 28-page booklet.", "Several songs by the band were used in the television series \"Reign\".", "\"Scotland\", in particular, was used as the theme song for the series, and was co-written by and features a performance from Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke, who sometimes played with Schultz and Fraites before their move to Denver.", "Fraites and Schultz composed the music for \"The Hanging Tree\".", "\"The Hanging Tree\" is a song performed by James Newton Howard featuring vocals from American actress Jennifer Lawrence for the 2014 film \"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\", the third installment of \"The Hunger Games\" film series.", "The song appears on both the official score album for the film and on the digital re-release of the official soundtrack for the film.", "The lyrics were written by \"The Hunger Games\" author Suzanne Collins and originally appeared in her novel \"Mockingjay\".", "Following its release, \"The Hanging Tree\" debuted in the top 40 of the singles charts of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "The song was released to American mainstream radio stations on December 9, 2014.", "In September 2014, it was announced that The Lumineers began working on their second album.", "Schultz stated through Instagram, \"Well folks, we are back in the studio, chippin' away at some new ideas.", "It's been one hell of a ride so far and we are excited to be writing again.", "Thanks and stay tuned.\"", "The band released their second studio album \"Cleopatra\" on April 8, 2016.", "The black and white photo on the cover depicts silent movie star Theda Bara in the title role in the 1917 film \"Cleopatra\".", "Cleopatra was co-produced by Simone Felice at The Clubhouse Studio in Rhinebeck, New York, and mixed (blending of all individual tracks in a recording) at The House Of Blues Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, by Ryan Hewitt.", "Band member changes for the \"Cleopatra\" tour included bass player Ben Wahamaki, a touring member since 2012, being replaced by Byron Isaacs.", "The album's first single \"Ophelia\" was released February 5, 2016, and quickly rose to No. 1 on the Triple A chart where it stayed for 13 weeks, the second-longest time any song has been No. 1 at Triple A radio, tied with Gotye's \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", just behind Coldplay's record of 14 weeks for their song \"Clocks\".", "At Alternative radio \"Ophelia\" also quickly rose to No. 1 where it stayed for four weeks and became the most-played song at Alternative radio to be released in 2016.", "Ophelia ended 2016 as Billboard's #1 Alternative song and #1 Rock Radio song.", "The second single, also the album's title track, \"Cleopatra\", sprang from an encounter with a taxi driver Wes met in the Republic of Georgia, who told a story of personal tragedy without a trace of self-pity.", "\"Cleopatra\" jumped quickly to No. 2 at Triple A radio where it peaked, and then became the band's third single to reach No. 1 at Alternative radio where it stayed for two weeks.", "A third single, \"Angela\", quickly rose to No. 2 on Triple A radio and broke into the top five at Alternative radio the week of December 11, 2017, making \"Cleopatra\" the first independent album to have three top five singles at Alternative radio since Mediabase reporting started.", "In an interview with Rolling Stone, front man, Wesley Schultz said he wrote most of \"Angela\" about his ex girlfriend, Angela Henard.", "\"Although we didn't work out she still holds a place in my heart.", "This is why she is brought up in multiple songs.", "\"\nIn April 2017, the band released the short film \"The Ballad of Cleopatra\", which brings together videos for the songs \"Cleopatra\", \"Angela\", \"Ophelia\", \"Sleep on the Floor\" and \"My Eyes\".", "Directed by Isaac Ravishankara (Ellie Goulding, Hosier, Phantogram), the film depicts Cleopatra's life story in one continuous narrative.", "The band accompanied their album release with the announcement of The Cleopatra World Tour.", "This tour, spreading over 2016 and 2017, sold over 750,000 tickets in the United States alone and included two sold-out performances at Madison Square Garden in New York City, three sold-out performances at Marymoor Amphitheater in Seattle, WA, two sold-out performances at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, CO, as well as Los Angeles's Hollywood Bowl, and Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, MD.", "In addition to their touring success in the United States, the band toured worldwide and sold over 100,000 tickets between Canada, The United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Australia, and South Africa.", "On January 9, 2017, Irish supergroup U2 announced that The Lumineers would be among their guests during the North American leg of the \"Joshua Tree Tour 2017\", opening shows at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, NRG Stadium in Houston, AT & T Stadium in Dallas, Soldier Field in Chicago, Heinz Field in Pittsburgh, Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, FedEx Field in Washington DC, Rogers Centre in Toronto, Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, and MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford.", "In addition to their support tour with U2, the Lumineers announced two performances with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in Seattle and Vancouver.", "They also announced a mid-August performance in London with Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks.", "To finish off their Cleopatra World Tour, the band announced three August 2017 \"homecoming\" performances at Denver's Fiddler's Green Amphitheater.", "In October 2018, Neyla Pekarek quit the band in order to concentrate on a solo career.", "On April 1, 2019, they posted a number of photos including one of the hashtag #whoarethesparks.", "On April 2, they teased their third album, titled \"III\", and announced that a new single, \"Gloria\", would be released on April 5.", "The album was released on September 13.", "The group is featured on the \"For The Throne\" album with the song \"Nightshade\", which was released on April 26, 2019, accompanying the final season of \"Game of Thrones\".", "On June 15, they performed \"Leader of the Landslide\" at Piqniq, which was set to be a track on their yet to be released album.", "On June 28, they played tracks from the album on The Other Stage at Glastonbury Festival along with tracks from their previous two albums.", "On July 19, they released their second single from the album, \"It Wasn't Easy to Be Happy for You\", from \"Chapter II: Junior Sparks\".", "On December 12, the Lumineers played along with Arkells at the 108th Grey Cup halftime show in Hamilton, Ontario.", "On September 20, 2021, they announced their fourth studio album, \"Brightside\", and released the title track as the lead single on the same day.", "A music video was also released for the song on the same day.", "On October 13, 2021, \"Big Shot\" was released as the second single, along with an accompanying music video.", "On November 17, 2021, \"A.M. Radio\" was released as the third single.", "The accompanying music video was shot at Ramsey High School, the alma mater of Schultz and Fraites, employing current and former students as extras and production assistants.", "On January 14, 2022, \"Brightside\" was officially released.", "The band announced on February 8, 2022 that there would be a tour for their North America Brightside World Tour 2022.", "In April, they did a cover of \"Just Like Heaven which was originally written by The Cure, and is considered one of their bonus tracks for \"Brightside.\"", "Schultz has stated, \"I write the lyrics, and I co-write the songs with Jer,\" adding \"It's never the same thing with each song.", "Generally speaking it involves a piano, a guitar, and maybe singing, and we usually start out with the chord structure, a set of chords, a melody especially, and then the lyrics usually follow.", "Or it's one phrase that you really find great", "and then you build the song around that.\"", "Schultz later claimed, \"Your melodies make people want to hear what you're saying,\" adding, \"They've got to be open to hearing it, almost hum it.", "And if they want to go deeper there is something there.", "\"\nFraites emphasizes the simplicity of the group's style, stating, \"we're not reinventing the wheel or doing anything that different, the songs are super simple.", "The ideas themselves are very simple ideas.", "Anyone who can play an instrument can play a Lumineers song.", "I think there's a certain cinematic aspect of our music that I really like.\"", "\"Launchpad\" similarly writes, \"where most bands these days look for that new, original sound to enhance the digital revolution, 'The Lumineers' do superbly in taking it back to simplicity.\"", "In another interview, Fraites explains, \"I just think people are enamored of going into a room and watching people play their own instruments and sing, rather than using Auto-Tune and a lot of digital equipment to get their sound across.", "There is so much digital-ness all around us.", "People are almost taken aback when you do the opposite of that.", "It's inspiring.", "\"\nAlister Roberts of \"Contactmusic\" has described the band's self-titled debut album as, \"a perfectly formed collection of rustic folk type songs, slotting in nicely amongst the current roots revival.\"", "Their folk sound has received comparisons to Mumford & Sons.", "On Mumford & Sons, Schultz has commented that they, \"kicked down doors, and they allowed radio to receive a band like us because we somehow slightly resemble what they're doing.\"", "Jon Pareles of \"The New York Times\" wrote that, \"Mumford comparisons rankle the Lumineers.", "While both bands wrap moody lyrics in toe-tapping melodies, Mumford & Sons pile on instruments in massive buildups.", "The Lumineers, by contrast, stay sparse, barely getting around to using an electric guitar on \"The Lumineers\".", "\"\nOther artists have commented on the folk-style music of The Lumineers and Mumford & Sons; alternative rock artist Jack White praised the style, stating, \"I think these acts nowadays are keeping people's ears open to the idea of the soulfulness of folk-style music and acoustic music, and you get a little bit closer to the musician, to the writer, at times.\"", "Conversely, hard and shock rock artist Alice Cooper criticized the two bands, calling it \"an offense\" to label them rock bands.", "The band cites a diverse range of influences including Bob Dylan, Beethoven, Guns N' Roses, Talking Heads, Bruce Springsteen, Pearl Jam, The Cars, Leonard Cohen, and \"cinematic music and anything strange and weird.\"", "Schultz adds \"Bob Dylan\", \"Born in the U.S.A.\", \"Greatest Hits\", \"Sand in the Vaseline\", \"Exile on Main St.\", and \"The Future\" as specific album influences.", "Additionally, Schultz cites a Tom Petty performance as one that, \"really stands out\" to him, stating, \"I just remember him playing \"Last Dance With Mary Jane\", and as the opening guitar line was being played, he opened up a chest on stage that had not been opened the entire show, pulled out a hat, put that hat on for the duration of the song, and then opened the chest back up and put it in and shut it.", "That is the moment I took away from his show.", "This taught me everything I needed to know.", "\"", "Current members\n\nCurrent touring members\n\n\nFormer members", "Headlining\n\n\nOpening act" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 ]

[ "The founding members are Wesley Schultz (lead vocals, guitar) and Jeremiah Fraites (drums, percussion, piano).", "Schultz and Fraites began writing and performing together in Ramsey, New Jersey, in 2005.", "Cellist and vocalist Neyla Pekarek (cello) joined the band in 2010, and was a member until 2018.", "The Lumineers emerged as one of the most popular folk-rock/Americana artists during the revival of those genres, their popularity growing in the 2010s.", "They are known for their energetic live shows and several international hit singles including \"Ho Hey\", \"Stubborn Love\", \"Ophelia\", \"Angela\" and \"Cleopatra\".", "The band has become one of the top touring bands in the United States and is also popular in other countries.", "The Lumineers have released four albums on American independent label Dualtone Records (Dine Alone in Canada and Decca/Universal worldwide).", "Their self-titled first album was released in 2012 and peaked at No. 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "It has been certified triple platinum in the U.S. and Canada, platinum in the U.K. and Ireland, and gold in Australia.", "Their second album, \"Cleopatra\", was released in 2016 and debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and also on the Canadian and British album charts.", "It is currently certified platinum in the U.S.", "Their third album, titled \"III\", was released on September 13, 2019 and debuted at No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Their fourth album, \"Brightside\", was released on January 14, 2022." ]

[ "When Schultz and Fraites began collaborating, writing together and playing gigs around New York City, they did so under various names including Free Beer, 6Cheek and Wesley Jeremiah.", "Fraites elaborated, \"When Wes and I got together, our first band name was Free Beer.", "It wasn't serious at first.", "We were a crappy band doing (terrible) covers.", "But we slowly started getting away from covers and writing originals.", "We were doing everything: vanilla singer-songwriter stuff, hard rock, electronic music.", "There was no focus; it was a mad, random mess.\"", "According to Schultz, the band became The Lumineers after a band called Lumineers (a made up word) was supposed to play at a club in Jersey City the week after Schultz and Fraites played there.", "The emcee mistakenly introduced Schultz and Fraites as \"The\" Lumineers, and the name stuck.", "The Lumineers struggled to find success in New York according to Schultz, who said, \"I was living in Brooklyn and working three jobs just to pay the rent,\" adding, \"it was really infuriating to move to a city that would help us grow musically but then never have any time to work on music.", "So I decided to do something about it.\"", "In 2009, after considering relocating to London, Philadelphia and Boston, Fraites and Schultz, in their \"ignorance and naïveté\", moved to Denver, Colorado, and joined the open mic scene.", "During this time they had a former member, Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke play with them rarely.", "Van Dyke sued The Lumineers around 2008, claiming that Schultz and Fraites didn't give him the proper credit he deserved.", "Later Schultz and Fraites acknowledged Van Dyke, and admitted that they performed for a short period of time.", "Van Dyke claims that he co-wrote nine songs with Schultz and Fraites.", "In 2010, after the band's relocation to Denver, Fraites and Schultz met classically trained cellist Neyla Pekarek.", "Although Pekarek had just recently graduated from college and was planning to become a music teacher, she responded to a Craigslist ad posted by Schultz and Fraites requesting a cellist and agreed to join the band when she was invited.", "As a three-piece, The Lumineers met Maxwell Hughes at an open mic event in Denver.", "Hughes played and toured with the band as an unofficial fourth member and contributed to the band's debut album.", "He suggested joining the band as a mandolin accompaniment, but the band was not looking for a permanent fourth member at the time, so Hughes and The Lumineers parted ways.", "They originally signed a management deal with Onto Entertainment which funded the band to record a full-length album in Seattle at Bear Creek Studio with producer Ryan Hadlock.", "The album was then remixed by Kevin Augunas, who also worked with the Black Keys, Cold War Kids, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, J-Roddy Walston and the Business, and Jon Brion.", "In December 2011, the song \"Ho Hey\", which would become the band's first single, was used in the first season of CW's \"Hart of Dixie\".", "This started a national buzz on social media.", "In January 2012, John Richards, the morning show DJ at KEXP-FM in Seattle, discovered \"Ho Hey\" in a pile of new CDs he had received, played it twice in a row daily for a week, and called it the best song of 2012.", "WXPN Philadelphia / NPR then conducted a feature on the band on their \"World Cafe: Next\" program.", "The band passed up major label offers to sign a deal with an independent label Dualtone Records that same month.", "The album was then licensed under similar terms to Dine Alone Records in Canada, Inertia in Australia, and Decca Records for the rest of the world.", "On signing with smaller independent labels, Fraites claimed, \"it's just nice to work with people that are entirely engaged.", "You know, not just sitting in front of a computer and playing \"Angry Birds\" on their cell phones all day,\" adding, \"with these smaller labels, people work 12 or 15 hour days to ensure our records are in the stores, and that we're getting played at radio.", "We want to work with people that are as hungry as we are.", "\"\nTheir self-titled debut album \"The Lumineers\" was released on April 3, 2012, on Dualtone Records.", "The album was met with mixed to positive critical reception, holding a 73 on review aggregator Metacritic, translating to \"generally favorable reviews\".", "Musicperk.com rated the album 8/10 commenting, \"a spark of uniqueness does exist\".", "The band's popularity continued to build in 2012 with sold-out shows and favorable reviews, and their debut album went on to peak at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart.", "Of the album's success, Schultz told Liz Riggs of \"American Songwriter\" that \"It's really arbitrary to any of us, especially to Jer and Neyla and I... because we've never really had an album out in this way...", "I'm really thrilled, but I also take it with a grain of salt,\" adding, \"I think basically, I feel really lucky because I know how fickle the business, the industry is.\"\nOn June 14, 2012, the album's first single, \"Ho Hey\", debuted at number 90 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, their first song to do so.", "\"Ho Hey\" later peaked at number three on the Hot 100, making it the band's first top five single.", "As of 2017, the track has sold over five million copies.", "On June 30, \"Ho Hey\" hit number one at commercial Triple A radio, maintaining the position for eight weeks.", "Later, on September 17, the song hit number one on the Alternative Songs chart where it stayed for two weeks.", "\"Ho Hey\" also reached number one on \"Billboard\"'s Rock Airplay, Hot Rock Songs, Alternative Songs, Rock Digital Songs, Alternative Digital Songs, Heatseekers Songs, Adult Pop Songs and Adult Contemporary Songs charts.", "\"Ho Hey\" experienced charting success internationally as well, reaching number one on the Canadian Alternative radio chart and number 17 on the Canadian single sales chart.", "It also reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first top 10 single there.", "In October 2012, Spotify named \"Ho Hey\" as the most shared song in Manhattan and third most shared in Brooklyn.", "On November 23, 2012, The Lumineers released \"Winter\", an EP version of their self-titled debut album.", "On December 5, 2012, The Lumineers were nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best New Artist and Best Americana Album.", "Continuing into 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would spend eight consecutive weeks atop \"Billboard\"s Adult Pop Songs chart.", "Simultaneously, \"Stubborn Love\", the second single off their self-titled album, would see two four-week runs at number one on the Adult Alternative Songs chart.", "The Lumineers headline shows in the Northeastern U.S. were announced for February 2013 and quickly sold out.", "Similarly, the band's tours of the U.K., Europe and Australia in early 2013 sold out all shows, after many shows were moved to larger venues.", "\"Submarines\" was released as the third single on July 30, 2013.", "The band performed \"Ho Hey\" and \"Submarines\" on \"The Colbert Report\" in July 2013.", "In August 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would become the 10th song to reach a 60th week on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, eventually finishing its run on the Hot 100 after 62 weeks, one of the highest runs in the chart's history.", "Subsequently, on August 20, 2013, a deluxe edition of their debut album was released, which included five bonus tracks, over 25 minutes of video footage and a 28-page booklet.", "Several songs by the band were used in the television series \"Reign\".", "\"Scotland\", in particular, was used as the theme song for the series, and was co-written by and features a performance from Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke, who sometimes played with Schultz and Fraites before their move to Denver.", "Fraites and Schultz composed the music for \"The Hanging Tree\".", "\"The Hanging Tree\" is a song performed by James Newton Howard featuring vocals from American actress Jennifer Lawrence for the 2014 film \"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\", the third installment of \"The Hunger Games\" film series.", "The song appears on both the official score album for the film and on the digital re-release of the official soundtrack for the film.", "The lyrics were written by \"The Hunger Games\" author Suzanne Collins and originally appeared in her novel \"Mockingjay\".", "Following its release, \"The Hanging Tree\" debuted in the top 40 of the singles charts of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "The song was released to American mainstream radio stations on December 9, 2014.", "In September 2014, it was announced that The Lumineers began working on their second album.", "Schultz stated through Instagram, \"Well folks, we are back in the studio, chippin' away at some new ideas.", "It's been one hell of a ride so far and we are excited to be writing again.", "Thanks and stay tuned.\"", "The band released their second studio album \"Cleopatra\" on April 8, 2016.", "The black and white photo on the cover depicts silent movie star Theda Bara in the title role in the 1917 film \"Cleopatra\".", "Cleopatra was co-produced by Simone Felice at The Clubhouse Studio in Rhinebeck, New York, and mixed (blending of all individual tracks in a recording) at The House Of Blues Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, by Ryan Hewitt.", "Band member changes for the \"Cleopatra\" tour included bass player Ben Wahamaki, a touring member since 2012, being replaced by Byron Isaacs.", "The album's first single \"Ophelia\" was released February 5, 2016, and quickly rose to No. 1 on the Triple A chart where it stayed for 13 weeks, the second-longest time any song has been No. 1 at Triple A radio, tied with Gotye's \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", just behind Coldplay's record of 14 weeks for their song \"Clocks\".", "At Alternative radio \"Ophelia\" also quickly rose to No. 1 where it stayed for four weeks and became the most-played song at Alternative radio to be released in 2016.", "Ophelia ended 2016 as Billboard's #1 Alternative song and #1 Rock Radio song.", "The second single, also the album's title track, \"Cleopatra\", sprang from an encounter with a taxi driver Wes met in the Republic of Georgia, who told a story of personal tragedy without a trace of self-pity.", "\"Cleopatra\" jumped quickly to No. 2 at Triple A radio where it peaked, and then became the band's third single to reach No. 1 at Alternative radio where it stayed for two weeks.", "A third single, \"Angela\", quickly rose to No. 2 on Triple A radio and broke into the top five at Alternative radio the week of December 11, 2017, making \"Cleopatra\" the first independent album to have three top five singles at Alternative radio since Mediabase reporting started.", "In an interview with Rolling Stone, front man, Wesley Schultz said he wrote most of \"Angela\" about his ex girlfriend, Angela Henard.", "\"Although we didn't work out she still holds a place in my heart.", "This is why she is brought up in multiple songs.", "\"\nIn April 2017, the band released the short film \"The Ballad of Cleopatra\", which brings together videos for the songs \"Cleopatra\", \"Angela\", \"Ophelia\", \"Sleep on the Floor\" and \"My Eyes\".", "Directed by Isaac Ravishankara (Ellie Goulding, Hosier, Phantogram), the film depicts Cleopatra's life story in one continuous narrative.", "The band accompanied their album release with the announcement of The Cleopatra World Tour.", "This tour, spreading over 2016 and 2017, sold over 750,000 tickets in the United States alone and included two sold-out performances at Madison Square Garden in New York City, three sold-out performances at Marymoor Amphitheater in Seattle, WA, two sold-out performances at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, CO, as well as Los Angeles's Hollywood Bowl, and Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, MD.", "In addition to their touring success in the United States, the band toured worldwide and sold over 100,000 tickets between Canada, The United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Australia, and South Africa.", "On January 9, 2017, Irish supergroup U2 announced that The Lumineers would be among their guests during the North American leg of the \"Joshua Tree Tour 2017\", opening shows at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, NRG Stadium in Houston, AT & T Stadium in Dallas, Soldier Field in Chicago, Heinz Field in Pittsburgh, Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, FedEx Field in Washington DC, Rogers Centre in Toronto, Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, and MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford.", "In addition to their support tour with U2, the Lumineers announced two performances with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in Seattle and Vancouver.", "They also announced a mid-August performance in London with Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks.", "To finish off their Cleopatra World Tour, the band announced three August 2017 \"homecoming\" performances at Denver's Fiddler's Green Amphitheater.", "In October 2018, Neyla Pekarek quit the band in order to concentrate on a solo career.", "On April 1, 2019, they posted a number of photos including one of the hashtag #whoarethesparks.", "On April 2, they teased their third album, titled \"III\", and announced that a new single, \"Gloria\", would be released on April 5.", "The album was released on September 13.", "The group is featured on the \"For The Throne\" album with the song \"Nightshade\", which was released on April 26, 2019, accompanying the final season of \"Game of Thrones\".", "On June 15, they performed \"Leader of the Landslide\" at Piqniq, which was set to be a track on their yet to be released album.", "On June 28, they played tracks from the album on The Other Stage at Glastonbury Festival along with tracks from their previous two albums.", "On July 19, they released their second single from the album, \"It Wasn't Easy to Be Happy for You\", from \"Chapter II: Junior Sparks\".", "On December 12, the Lumineers played along with Arkells at the 108th Grey Cup halftime show in Hamilton, Ontario.", "On September 20, 2021, they announced their fourth studio album, \"Brightside\", and released the title track as the lead single on the same day.", "A music video was also released for the song on the same day.", "On October 13, 2021, \"Big Shot\" was released as the second single, along with an accompanying music video.", "On November 17, 2021, \"A.M. Radio\" was released as the third single.", "The accompanying music video was shot at Ramsey High School, the alma mater of Schultz and Fraites, employing current and former students as extras and production assistants.", "On January 14, 2022, \"Brightside\" was officially released.", "The band announced on February 8, 2022 that there would be a tour for their North America Brightside World Tour 2022.", "In April, they did a cover of \"Just Like Heaven which was originally written by The Cure, and is considered one of their bonus tracks for \"Brightside.\"", "Schultz has stated, \"I write the lyrics, and I co-write the songs with Jer,\" adding \"It's never the same thing with each song.", "Generally speaking it involves a piano, a guitar, and maybe singing, and we usually start out with the chord structure, a set of chords, a melody especially, and then the lyrics usually follow.", "Or it's one phrase that you really find great", "and then you build the song around that.\"", "Schultz later claimed, \"Your melodies make people want to hear what you're saying,\" adding, \"They've got to be open to hearing it, almost hum it.", "And if they want to go deeper there is something there.", "\"\nFraites emphasizes the simplicity of the group's style, stating, \"we're not reinventing the wheel or doing anything that different, the songs are super simple.", "The ideas themselves are very simple ideas.", "Anyone who can play an instrument can play a Lumineers song.", "I think there's a certain cinematic aspect of our music that I really like.\"", "\"Launchpad\" similarly writes, \"where most bands these days look for that new, original sound to enhance the digital revolution, 'The Lumineers' do superbly in taking it back to simplicity.\"", "In another interview, Fraites explains, \"I just think people are enamored of going into a room and watching people play their own instruments and sing, rather than using Auto-Tune and a lot of digital equipment to get their sound across.", "There is so much digital-ness all around us.", "People are almost taken aback when you do the opposite of that.", "It's inspiring.", "\"\nAlister Roberts of \"Contactmusic\" has described the band's self-titled debut album as, \"a perfectly formed collection of rustic folk type songs, slotting in nicely amongst the current roots revival.\"", "Their folk sound has received comparisons to Mumford & Sons.", "On Mumford & Sons, Schultz has commented that they, \"kicked down doors, and they allowed radio to receive a band like us because we somehow slightly resemble what they're doing.\"", "Jon Pareles of \"The New York Times\" wrote that, \"Mumford comparisons rankle the Lumineers.", "While both bands wrap moody lyrics in toe-tapping melodies, Mumford & Sons pile on instruments in massive buildups.", "The Lumineers, by contrast, stay sparse, barely getting around to using an electric guitar on \"The Lumineers\".", "\"\nOther artists have commented on the folk-style music of The Lumineers and Mumford & Sons; alternative rock artist Jack White praised the style, stating, \"I think these acts nowadays are keeping people's ears open to the idea of the soulfulness of folk-style music and acoustic music, and you get a little bit closer to the musician, to the writer, at times.\"", "Conversely, hard and shock rock artist Alice Cooper criticized the two bands, calling it \"an offense\" to label them rock bands.", "The band cites a diverse range of influences including Bob Dylan, Beethoven, Guns N' Roses, Talking Heads, Bruce Springsteen, Pearl Jam, The Cars, Leonard Cohen, and \"cinematic music and anything strange and weird.\"", "Schultz adds \"Bob Dylan\", \"Born in the U.S.A.\", \"Greatest Hits\", \"Sand in the Vaseline\", \"Exile on Main St.\", and \"The Future\" as specific album influences.", "Additionally, Schultz cites a Tom Petty performance as one that, \"really stands out\" to him, stating, \"I just remember him playing \"Last Dance With Mary Jane\", and as the opening guitar line was being played, he opened up a chest on stage that had not been opened the entire show, pulled out a hat, put that hat on for the duration of the song, and then opened the chest back up and put it in and shut it.", "That is the moment I took away from his show.", "This taught me everything I needed to know.", "\"", "Current members\n\nCurrent touring members\n\n\nFormer members", "Headlining\n\n\nOpening act" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "Schultz and Fraites began writing and performing together in Ramsey, New Jersey, in 2005." ]

[ "When Schultz and Fraites began collaborating, writing together and playing gigs around New York City, they did so under various names including Free Beer, 6Cheek and Wesley Jeremiah.", "Fraites elaborated, \"When Wes and I got together, our first band name was Free Beer.", "It wasn't serious at first.", "We were a crappy band doing (terrible) covers.", "But we slowly started getting away from covers and writing originals.", "We were doing everything: vanilla singer-songwriter stuff, hard rock, electronic music.", "There was no focus; it was a mad, random mess.\"", "According to Schultz, the band became The Lumineers after a band called Lumineers (a made up word) was supposed to play at a club in Jersey City the week after Schultz and Fraites played there.", "The emcee mistakenly introduced Schultz and Fraites as \"The\" Lumineers, and the name stuck.", "The Lumineers struggled to find success in New York according to Schultz, who said, \"I was living in Brooklyn and working three jobs just to pay the rent,\" adding, \"it was really infuriating to move to a city that would help us grow musically but then never have any time to work on music.", "So I decided to do something about it.\"", "In 2009, after considering relocating to London, Philadelphia and Boston, Fraites and Schultz, in their \"ignorance and naïveté\", moved to Denver, Colorado, and joined the open mic scene.", "During this time they had a former member, Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke play with them rarely.", "Van Dyke sued The Lumineers around 2008, claiming that Schultz and Fraites didn't give him the proper credit he deserved.", "Later Schultz and Fraites acknowledged Van Dyke, and admitted that they performed for a short period of time.", "Van Dyke claims that he co-wrote nine songs with Schultz and Fraites.", "In 2010, after the band's relocation to Denver, Fraites and Schultz met classically trained cellist Neyla Pekarek.", "Although Pekarek had just recently graduated from college and was planning to become a music teacher, she responded to a Craigslist ad posted by Schultz and Fraites requesting a cellist and agreed to join the band when she was invited.", "As a three-piece, The Lumineers met Maxwell Hughes at an open mic event in Denver.", "Hughes played and toured with the band as an unofficial fourth member and contributed to the band's debut album.", "He suggested joining the band as a mandolin accompaniment, but the band was not looking for a permanent fourth member at the time, so Hughes and The Lumineers parted ways.", "They originally signed a management deal with Onto Entertainment which funded the band to record a full-length album in Seattle at Bear Creek Studio with producer Ryan Hadlock.", "The album was then remixed by Kevin Augunas, who also worked with the Black Keys, Cold War Kids, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, J-Roddy Walston and the Business, and Jon Brion.", "In December 2011, the song \"Ho Hey\", which would become the band's first single, was used in the first season of CW's \"Hart of Dixie\".", "This started a national buzz on social media.", "In January 2012, John Richards, the morning show DJ at KEXP-FM in Seattle, discovered \"Ho Hey\" in a pile of new CDs he had received, played it twice in a row daily for a week, and called it the best song of 2012.", "WXPN Philadelphia / NPR then conducted a feature on the band on their \"World Cafe: Next\" program.", "The band passed up major label offers to sign a deal with an independent label Dualtone Records that same month.", "The album was then licensed under similar terms to Dine Alone Records in Canada, Inertia in Australia, and Decca Records for the rest of the world.", "On signing with smaller independent labels, Fraites claimed, \"it's just nice to work with people that are entirely engaged.", "You know, not just sitting in front of a computer and playing \"Angry Birds\" on their cell phones all day,\" adding, \"with these smaller labels, people work 12 or 15 hour days to ensure our records are in the stores, and that we're getting played at radio.", "We want to work with people that are as hungry as we are.", "\"\nTheir self-titled debut album \"The Lumineers\" was released on April 3, 2012, on Dualtone Records.", "The album was met with mixed to positive critical reception, holding a 73 on review aggregator Metacritic, translating to \"generally favorable reviews\".", "Musicperk.com rated the album 8/10 commenting, \"a spark of uniqueness does exist\".", "The band's popularity continued to build in 2012 with sold-out shows and favorable reviews, and their debut album went on to peak at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart.", "Of the album's success, Schultz told Liz Riggs of \"American Songwriter\" that \"It's really arbitrary to any of us, especially to Jer and Neyla and I... because we've never really had an album out in this way...", "I'm really thrilled, but I also take it with a grain of salt,\" adding, \"I think basically, I feel really lucky because I know how fickle the business, the industry is.\"\nOn June 14, 2012, the album's first single, \"Ho Hey\", debuted at number 90 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, their first song to do so.", "\"Ho Hey\" later peaked at number three on the Hot 100, making it the band's first top five single.", "As of 2017, the track has sold over five million copies.", "On June 30, \"Ho Hey\" hit number one at commercial Triple A radio, maintaining the position for eight weeks.", "Later, on September 17, the song hit number one on the Alternative Songs chart where it stayed for two weeks.", "\"Ho Hey\" also reached number one on \"Billboard\"'s Rock Airplay, Hot Rock Songs, Alternative Songs, Rock Digital Songs, Alternative Digital Songs, Heatseekers Songs, Adult Pop Songs and Adult Contemporary Songs charts.", "\"Ho Hey\" experienced charting success internationally as well, reaching number one on the Canadian Alternative radio chart and number 17 on the Canadian single sales chart.", "It also reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first top 10 single there.", "In October 2012, Spotify named \"Ho Hey\" as the most shared song in Manhattan and third most shared in Brooklyn.", "On November 23, 2012, The Lumineers released \"Winter\", an EP version of their self-titled debut album.", "On December 5, 2012, The Lumineers were nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best New Artist and Best Americana Album.", "Continuing into 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would spend eight consecutive weeks atop \"Billboard\"s Adult Pop Songs chart.", "Simultaneously, \"Stubborn Love\", the second single off their self-titled album, would see two four-week runs at number one on the Adult Alternative Songs chart.", "The Lumineers headline shows in the Northeastern U.S. were announced for February 2013 and quickly sold out.", "Similarly, the band's tours of the U.K., Europe and Australia in early 2013 sold out all shows, after many shows were moved to larger venues.", "\"Submarines\" was released as the third single on July 30, 2013.", "The band performed \"Ho Hey\" and \"Submarines\" on \"The Colbert Report\" in July 2013.", "In August 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would become the 10th song to reach a 60th week on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, eventually finishing its run on the Hot 100 after 62 weeks, one of the highest runs in the chart's history.", "Subsequently, on August 20, 2013, a deluxe edition of their debut album was released, which included five bonus tracks, over 25 minutes of video footage and a 28-page booklet.", "Several songs by the band were used in the television series \"Reign\".", "\"Scotland\", in particular, was used as the theme song for the series, and was co-written by and features a performance from Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke, who sometimes played with Schultz and Fraites before their move to Denver.", "Fraites and Schultz composed the music for \"The Hanging Tree\".", "\"The Hanging Tree\" is a song performed by James Newton Howard featuring vocals from American actress Jennifer Lawrence for the 2014 film \"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\", the third installment of \"The Hunger Games\" film series.", "The song appears on both the official score album for the film and on the digital re-release of the official soundtrack for the film.", "The lyrics were written by \"The Hunger Games\" author Suzanne Collins and originally appeared in her novel \"Mockingjay\".", "Following its release, \"The Hanging Tree\" debuted in the top 40 of the singles charts of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "The song was released to American mainstream radio stations on December 9, 2014.", "In September 2014, it was announced that The Lumineers began working on their second album.", "Schultz stated through Instagram, \"Well folks, we are back in the studio, chippin' away at some new ideas.", "It's been one hell of a ride so far and we are excited to be writing again.", "Thanks and stay tuned.\"", "The band released their second studio album \"Cleopatra\" on April 8, 2016.", "The black and white photo on the cover depicts silent movie star Theda Bara in the title role in the 1917 film \"Cleopatra\".", "Cleopatra was co-produced by Simone Felice at The Clubhouse Studio in Rhinebeck, New York, and mixed (blending of all individual tracks in a recording) at The House Of Blues Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, by Ryan Hewitt.", "Band member changes for the \"Cleopatra\" tour included bass player Ben Wahamaki, a touring member since 2012, being replaced by Byron Isaacs.", "The album's first single \"Ophelia\" was released February 5, 2016, and quickly rose to No. 1 on the Triple A chart where it stayed for 13 weeks, the second-longest time any song has been No. 1 at Triple A radio, tied with Gotye's \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", just behind Coldplay's record of 14 weeks for their song \"Clocks\".", "At Alternative radio \"Ophelia\" also quickly rose to No. 1 where it stayed for four weeks and became the most-played song at Alternative radio to be released in 2016.", "Ophelia ended 2016 as Billboard's #1 Alternative song and #1 Rock Radio song.", "The second single, also the album's title track, \"Cleopatra\", sprang from an encounter with a taxi driver Wes met in the Republic of Georgia, who told a story of personal tragedy without a trace of self-pity.", "\"Cleopatra\" jumped quickly to No. 2 at Triple A radio where it peaked, and then became the band's third single to reach No. 1 at Alternative radio where it stayed for two weeks.", "A third single, \"Angela\", quickly rose to No. 2 on Triple A radio and broke into the top five at Alternative radio the week of December 11, 2017, making \"Cleopatra\" the first independent album to have three top five singles at Alternative radio since Mediabase reporting started.", "In an interview with Rolling Stone, front man, Wesley Schultz said he wrote most of \"Angela\" about his ex girlfriend, Angela Henard.", "\"Although we didn't work out she still holds a place in my heart.", "This is why she is brought up in multiple songs.", "\"\nIn April 2017, the band released the short film \"The Ballad of Cleopatra\", which brings together videos for the songs \"Cleopatra\", \"Angela\", \"Ophelia\", \"Sleep on the Floor\" and \"My Eyes\".", "Directed by Isaac Ravishankara (Ellie Goulding, Hosier, Phantogram), the film depicts Cleopatra's life story in one continuous narrative.", "The band accompanied their album release with the announcement of The Cleopatra World Tour.", "This tour, spreading over 2016 and 2017, sold over 750,000 tickets in the United States alone and included two sold-out performances at Madison Square Garden in New York City, three sold-out performances at Marymoor Amphitheater in Seattle, WA, two sold-out performances at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, CO, as well as Los Angeles's Hollywood Bowl, and Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, MD.", "In addition to their touring success in the United States, the band toured worldwide and sold over 100,000 tickets between Canada, The United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Australia, and South Africa.", "On January 9, 2017, Irish supergroup U2 announced that The Lumineers would be among their guests during the North American leg of the \"Joshua Tree Tour 2017\", opening shows at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, NRG Stadium in Houston, AT & T Stadium in Dallas, Soldier Field in Chicago, Heinz Field in Pittsburgh, Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, FedEx Field in Washington DC, Rogers Centre in Toronto, Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, and MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford.", "In addition to their support tour with U2, the Lumineers announced two performances with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in Seattle and Vancouver.", "They also announced a mid-August performance in London with Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks.", "To finish off their Cleopatra World Tour, the band announced three August 2017 \"homecoming\" performances at Denver's Fiddler's Green Amphitheater.", "In October 2018, Neyla Pekarek quit the band in order to concentrate on a solo career.", "On April 1, 2019, they posted a number of photos including one of the hashtag #whoarethesparks.", "On April 2, they teased their third album, titled \"III\", and announced that a new single, \"Gloria\", would be released on April 5.", "The album was released on September 13.", "The group is featured on the \"For The Throne\" album with the song \"Nightshade\", which was released on April 26, 2019, accompanying the final season of \"Game of Thrones\".", "On June 15, they performed \"Leader of the Landslide\" at Piqniq, which was set to be a track on their yet to be released album.", "On June 28, they played tracks from the album on The Other Stage at Glastonbury Festival along with tracks from their previous two albums.", "On July 19, they released their second single from the album, \"It Wasn't Easy to Be Happy for You\", from \"Chapter II: Junior Sparks\".", "On December 12, the Lumineers played along with Arkells at the 108th Grey Cup halftime show in Hamilton, Ontario.", "On September 20, 2021, they announced their fourth studio album, \"Brightside\", and released the title track as the lead single on the same day.", "A music video was also released for the song on the same day.", "On October 13, 2021, \"Big Shot\" was released as the second single, along with an accompanying music video.", "On November 17, 2021, \"A.M. Radio\" was released as the third single.", "The accompanying music video was shot at Ramsey High School, the alma mater of Schultz and Fraites, employing current and former students as extras and production assistants.", "On January 14, 2022, \"Brightside\" was officially released.", "The band announced on February 8, 2022 that there would be a tour for their North America Brightside World Tour 2022.", "In April, they did a cover of \"Just Like Heaven which was originally written by The Cure, and is considered one of their bonus tracks for \"Brightside.\"", "Schultz has stated, \"I write the lyrics, and I co-write the songs with Jer,\" adding \"It's never the same thing with each song.", "Generally speaking it involves a piano, a guitar, and maybe singing, and we usually start out with the chord structure, a set of chords, a melody especially, and then the lyrics usually follow.", "Or it's one phrase that you really find great", "and then you build the song around that.\"", "Schultz later claimed, \"Your melodies make people want to hear what you're saying,\" adding, \"They've got to be open to hearing it, almost hum it.", "And if they want to go deeper there is something there.", "\"\nFraites emphasizes the simplicity of the group's style, stating, \"we're not reinventing the wheel or doing anything that different, the songs are super simple.", "The ideas themselves are very simple ideas.", "Anyone who can play an instrument can play a Lumineers song.", "I think there's a certain cinematic aspect of our music that I really like.\"", "\"Launchpad\" similarly writes, \"where most bands these days look for that new, original sound to enhance the digital revolution, 'The Lumineers' do superbly in taking it back to simplicity.\"", "In another interview, Fraites explains, \"I just think people are enamored of going into a room and watching people play their own instruments and sing, rather than using Auto-Tune and a lot of digital equipment to get their sound across.", "There is so much digital-ness all around us.", "People are almost taken aback when you do the opposite of that.", "It's inspiring.", "\"\nAlister Roberts of \"Contactmusic\" has described the band's self-titled debut album as, \"a perfectly formed collection of rustic folk type songs, slotting in nicely amongst the current roots revival.\"", "Their folk sound has received comparisons to Mumford & Sons.", "On Mumford & Sons, Schultz has commented that they, \"kicked down doors, and they allowed radio to receive a band like us because we somehow slightly resemble what they're doing.\"", "Jon Pareles of \"The New York Times\" wrote that, \"Mumford comparisons rankle the Lumineers.", "While both bands wrap moody lyrics in toe-tapping melodies, Mumford & Sons pile on instruments in massive buildups.", "The Lumineers, by contrast, stay sparse, barely getting around to using an electric guitar on \"The Lumineers\".", "\"\nOther artists have commented on the folk-style music of The Lumineers and Mumford & Sons; alternative rock artist Jack White praised the style, stating, \"I think these acts nowadays are keeping people's ears open to the idea of the soulfulness of folk-style music and acoustic music, and you get a little bit closer to the musician, to the writer, at times.\"", "Conversely, hard and shock rock artist Alice Cooper criticized the two bands, calling it \"an offense\" to label them rock bands.", "The band cites a diverse range of influences including Bob Dylan, Beethoven, Guns N' Roses, Talking Heads, Bruce Springsteen, Pearl Jam, The Cars, Leonard Cohen, and \"cinematic music and anything strange and weird.\"", "Schultz adds \"Bob Dylan\", \"Born in the U.S.A.\", \"Greatest Hits\", \"Sand in the Vaseline\", \"Exile on Main St.\", and \"The Future\" as specific album influences.", "Additionally, Schultz cites a Tom Petty performance as one that, \"really stands out\" to him, stating, \"I just remember him playing \"Last Dance With Mary Jane\", and as the opening guitar line was being played, he opened up a chest on stage that had not been opened the entire show, pulled out a hat, put that hat on for the duration of the song, and then opened the chest back up and put it in and shut it.", "That is the moment I took away from his show.", "This taught me everything I needed to know.", "\"", "Current members\n\nCurrent touring members\n\n\nFormer members", "Headlining\n\n\nOpening act" ]

[ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 ]

[ "Cellist and vocalist Neyla Pekarek (cello) joined the band in 2010, and was a member until 2018.", "They are known for their energetic live shows and several international hit singles including \"Ho Hey\", \"Stubborn Love\", \"Ophelia\", \"Angela\" and \"Cleopatra\".", "The Lumineers have released four albums on American independent label Dualtone Records (Dine Alone in Canada and Decca/Universal worldwide).", "Their self-titled first album was released in 2012 and peaked at No. 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "It has been certified triple platinum in the U.S. and Canada, platinum in the U.K. and Ireland, and gold in Australia.", "Their second album, \"Cleopatra\", was released in 2016 and debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and also on the Canadian and British album charts." ]

[ "When Schultz and Fraites began collaborating, writing together and playing gigs around New York City, they did so under various names including Free Beer, 6Cheek and Wesley Jeremiah.", "Fraites elaborated, \"When Wes and I got together, our first band name was Free Beer.", "It wasn't serious at first.", "We were a crappy band doing (terrible) covers.", "But we slowly started getting away from covers and writing originals.", "We were doing everything: vanilla singer-songwriter stuff, hard rock, electronic music.", "There was no focus; it was a mad, random mess.\"", "According to Schultz, the band became The Lumineers after a band called Lumineers (a made up word) was supposed to play at a club in Jersey City the week after Schultz and Fraites played there.", "The emcee mistakenly introduced Schultz and Fraites as \"The\" Lumineers, and the name stuck.", "The Lumineers struggled to find success in New York according to Schultz, who said, \"I was living in Brooklyn and working three jobs just to pay the rent,\" adding, \"it was really infuriating to move to a city that would help us grow musically but then never have any time to work on music.", "So I decided to do something about it.\"", "In 2009, after considering relocating to London, Philadelphia and Boston, Fraites and Schultz, in their \"ignorance and naïveté\", moved to Denver, Colorado, and joined the open mic scene.", "During this time they had a former member, Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke play with them rarely.", "Van Dyke sued The Lumineers around 2008, claiming that Schultz and Fraites didn't give him the proper credit he deserved.", "Later Schultz and Fraites acknowledged Van Dyke, and admitted that they performed for a short period of time.", "Van Dyke claims that he co-wrote nine songs with Schultz and Fraites.", "In 2010, after the band's relocation to Denver, Fraites and Schultz met classically trained cellist Neyla Pekarek.", "Although Pekarek had just recently graduated from college and was planning to become a music teacher, she responded to a Craigslist ad posted by Schultz and Fraites requesting a cellist and agreed to join the band when she was invited.", "As a three-piece, The Lumineers met Maxwell Hughes at an open mic event in Denver.", "Hughes played and toured with the band as an unofficial fourth member and contributed to the band's debut album.", "He suggested joining the band as a mandolin accompaniment, but the band was not looking for a permanent fourth member at the time, so Hughes and The Lumineers parted ways.", "They originally signed a management deal with Onto Entertainment which funded the band to record a full-length album in Seattle at Bear Creek Studio with producer Ryan Hadlock.", "The album was then remixed by Kevin Augunas, who also worked with the Black Keys, Cold War Kids, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, J-Roddy Walston and the Business, and Jon Brion.", "In December 2011, the song \"Ho Hey\", which would become the band's first single, was used in the first season of CW's \"Hart of Dixie\".", "This started a national buzz on social media.", "In January 2012, John Richards, the morning show DJ at KEXP-FM in Seattle, discovered \"Ho Hey\" in a pile of new CDs he had received, played it twice in a row daily for a week, and called it the best song of 2012.", "WXPN Philadelphia / NPR then conducted a feature on the band on their \"World Cafe: Next\" program.", "The band passed up major label offers to sign a deal with an independent label Dualtone Records that same month.", "The album was then licensed under similar terms to Dine Alone Records in Canada, Inertia in Australia, and Decca Records for the rest of the world.", "On signing with smaller independent labels, Fraites claimed, \"it's just nice to work with people that are entirely engaged.", "You know, not just sitting in front of a computer and playing \"Angry Birds\" on their cell phones all day,\" adding, \"with these smaller labels, people work 12 or 15 hour days to ensure our records are in the stores, and that we're getting played at radio.", "We want to work with people that are as hungry as we are.", "\"\nTheir self-titled debut album \"The Lumineers\" was released on April 3, 2012, on Dualtone Records.", "The album was met with mixed to positive critical reception, holding a 73 on review aggregator Metacritic, translating to \"generally favorable reviews\".", "Musicperk.com rated the album 8/10 commenting, \"a spark of uniqueness does exist\".", "The band's popularity continued to build in 2012 with sold-out shows and favorable reviews, and their debut album went on to peak at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart.", "Of the album's success, Schultz told Liz Riggs of \"American Songwriter\" that \"It's really arbitrary to any of us, especially to Jer and Neyla and I... because we've never really had an album out in this way...", "I'm really thrilled, but I also take it with a grain of salt,\" adding, \"I think basically, I feel really lucky because I know how fickle the business, the industry is.\"\nOn June 14, 2012, the album's first single, \"Ho Hey\", debuted at number 90 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, their first song to do so.", "\"Ho Hey\" later peaked at number three on the Hot 100, making it the band's first top five single.", "As of 2017, the track has sold over five million copies.", "On June 30, \"Ho Hey\" hit number one at commercial Triple A radio, maintaining the position for eight weeks.", "Later, on September 17, the song hit number one on the Alternative Songs chart where it stayed for two weeks.", "\"Ho Hey\" also reached number one on \"Billboard\"'s Rock Airplay, Hot Rock Songs, Alternative Songs, Rock Digital Songs, Alternative Digital Songs, Heatseekers Songs, Adult Pop Songs and Adult Contemporary Songs charts.", "\"Ho Hey\" experienced charting success internationally as well, reaching number one on the Canadian Alternative radio chart and number 17 on the Canadian single sales chart.", "It also reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first top 10 single there.", "In October 2012, Spotify named \"Ho Hey\" as the most shared song in Manhattan and third most shared in Brooklyn.", "On November 23, 2012, The Lumineers released \"Winter\", an EP version of their self-titled debut album.", "On December 5, 2012, The Lumineers were nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best New Artist and Best Americana Album.", "Continuing into 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would spend eight consecutive weeks atop \"Billboard\"s Adult Pop Songs chart.", "Simultaneously, \"Stubborn Love\", the second single off their self-titled album, would see two four-week runs at number one on the Adult Alternative Songs chart.", "The Lumineers headline shows in the Northeastern U.S. were announced for February 2013 and quickly sold out.", "Similarly, the band's tours of the U.K., Europe and Australia in early 2013 sold out all shows, after many shows were moved to larger venues.", "\"Submarines\" was released as the third single on July 30, 2013.", "The band performed \"Ho Hey\" and \"Submarines\" on \"The Colbert Report\" in July 2013.", "In August 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would become the 10th song to reach a 60th week on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, eventually finishing its run on the Hot 100 after 62 weeks, one of the highest runs in the chart's history.", "Subsequently, on August 20, 2013, a deluxe edition of their debut album was released, which included five bonus tracks, over 25 minutes of video footage and a 28-page booklet.", "Several songs by the band were used in the television series \"Reign\".", "\"Scotland\", in particular, was used as the theme song for the series, and was co-written by and features a performance from Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke, who sometimes played with Schultz and Fraites before their move to Denver.", "Fraites and Schultz composed the music for \"The Hanging Tree\".", "\"The Hanging Tree\" is a song performed by James Newton Howard featuring vocals from American actress Jennifer Lawrence for the 2014 film \"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\", the third installment of \"The Hunger Games\" film series.", "The song appears on both the official score album for the film and on the digital re-release of the official soundtrack for the film.", "The lyrics were written by \"The Hunger Games\" author Suzanne Collins and originally appeared in her novel \"Mockingjay\".", "Following its release, \"The Hanging Tree\" debuted in the top 40 of the singles charts of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "The song was released to American mainstream radio stations on December 9, 2014.", "In September 2014, it was announced that The Lumineers began working on their second album.", "Schultz stated through Instagram, \"Well folks, we are back in the studio, chippin' away at some new ideas.", "It's been one hell of a ride so far and we are excited to be writing again.", "Thanks and stay tuned.\"", "The band released their second studio album \"Cleopatra\" on April 8, 2016.", "The black and white photo on the cover depicts silent movie star Theda Bara in the title role in the 1917 film \"Cleopatra\".", "Cleopatra was co-produced by Simone Felice at The Clubhouse Studio in Rhinebeck, New York, and mixed (blending of all individual tracks in a recording) at The House Of Blues Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, by Ryan Hewitt.", "Band member changes for the \"Cleopatra\" tour included bass player Ben Wahamaki, a touring member since 2012, being replaced by Byron Isaacs.", "The album's first single \"Ophelia\" was released February 5, 2016, and quickly rose to No. 1 on the Triple A chart where it stayed for 13 weeks, the second-longest time any song has been No. 1 at Triple A radio, tied with Gotye's \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", just behind Coldplay's record of 14 weeks for their song \"Clocks\".", "At Alternative radio \"Ophelia\" also quickly rose to No. 1 where it stayed for four weeks and became the most-played song at Alternative radio to be released in 2016.", "Ophelia ended 2016 as Billboard's #1 Alternative song and #1 Rock Radio song.", "The second single, also the album's title track, \"Cleopatra\", sprang from an encounter with a taxi driver Wes met in the Republic of Georgia, who told a story of personal tragedy without a trace of self-pity.", "\"Cleopatra\" jumped quickly to No. 2 at Triple A radio where it peaked, and then became the band's third single to reach No. 1 at Alternative radio where it stayed for two weeks.", "A third single, \"Angela\", quickly rose to No. 2 on Triple A radio and broke into the top five at Alternative radio the week of December 11, 2017, making \"Cleopatra\" the first independent album to have three top five singles at Alternative radio since Mediabase reporting started.", "In an interview with Rolling Stone, front man, Wesley Schultz said he wrote most of \"Angela\" about his ex girlfriend, Angela Henard.", "\"Although we didn't work out she still holds a place in my heart.", "This is why she is brought up in multiple songs.", "\"\nIn April 2017, the band released the short film \"The Ballad of Cleopatra\", which brings together videos for the songs \"Cleopatra\", \"Angela\", \"Ophelia\", \"Sleep on the Floor\" and \"My Eyes\".", "Directed by Isaac Ravishankara (Ellie Goulding, Hosier, Phantogram), the film depicts Cleopatra's life story in one continuous narrative.", "The band accompanied their album release with the announcement of The Cleopatra World Tour.", "This tour, spreading over 2016 and 2017, sold over 750,000 tickets in the United States alone and included two sold-out performances at Madison Square Garden in New York City, three sold-out performances at Marymoor Amphitheater in Seattle, WA, two sold-out performances at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, CO, as well as Los Angeles's Hollywood Bowl, and Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, MD.", "In addition to their touring success in the United States, the band toured worldwide and sold over 100,000 tickets between Canada, The United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Australia, and South Africa.", "On January 9, 2017, Irish supergroup U2 announced that The Lumineers would be among their guests during the North American leg of the \"Joshua Tree Tour 2017\", opening shows at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, NRG Stadium in Houston, AT & T Stadium in Dallas, Soldier Field in Chicago, Heinz Field in Pittsburgh, Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, FedEx Field in Washington DC, Rogers Centre in Toronto, Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, and MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford.", "In addition to their support tour with U2, the Lumineers announced two performances with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in Seattle and Vancouver.", "They also announced a mid-August performance in London with Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks.", "To finish off their Cleopatra World Tour, the band announced three August 2017 \"homecoming\" performances at Denver's Fiddler's Green Amphitheater.", "In October 2018, Neyla Pekarek quit the band in order to concentrate on a solo career.", "On April 1, 2019, they posted a number of photos including one of the hashtag #whoarethesparks.", "On April 2, they teased their third album, titled \"III\", and announced that a new single, \"Gloria\", would be released on April 5.", "The album was released on September 13.", "The group is featured on the \"For The Throne\" album with the song \"Nightshade\", which was released on April 26, 2019, accompanying the final season of \"Game of Thrones\".", "On June 15, they performed \"Leader of the Landslide\" at Piqniq, which was set to be a track on their yet to be released album.", "On June 28, they played tracks from the album on The Other Stage at Glastonbury Festival along with tracks from their previous two albums.", "On July 19, they released their second single from the album, \"It Wasn't Easy to Be Happy for You\", from \"Chapter II: Junior Sparks\".", "On December 12, the Lumineers played along with Arkells at the 108th Grey Cup halftime show in Hamilton, Ontario.", "On September 20, 2021, they announced their fourth studio album, \"Brightside\", and released the title track as the lead single on the same day.", "A music video was also released for the song on the same day.", "On October 13, 2021, \"Big Shot\" was released as the second single, along with an accompanying music video.", "On November 17, 2021, \"A.M. Radio\" was released as the third single.", "The accompanying music video was shot at Ramsey High School, the alma mater of Schultz and Fraites, employing current and former students as extras and production assistants.", "On January 14, 2022, \"Brightside\" was officially released.", "The band announced on February 8, 2022 that there would be a tour for their North America Brightside World Tour 2022.", "In April, they did a cover of \"Just Like Heaven which was originally written by The Cure, and is considered one of their bonus tracks for \"Brightside.\"", "Schultz has stated, \"I write the lyrics, and I co-write the songs with Jer,\" adding \"It's never the same thing with each song.", "Generally speaking it involves a piano, a guitar, and maybe singing, and we usually start out with the chord structure, a set of chords, a melody especially, and then the lyrics usually follow.", "Or it's one phrase that you really find great", "and then you build the song around that.\"", "Schultz later claimed, \"Your melodies make people want to hear what you're saying,\" adding, \"They've got to be open to hearing it, almost hum it.", "And if they want to go deeper there is something there.", "\"\nFraites emphasizes the simplicity of the group's style, stating, \"we're not reinventing the wheel or doing anything that different, the songs are super simple.", "The ideas themselves are very simple ideas.", "Anyone who can play an instrument can play a Lumineers song.", "I think there's a certain cinematic aspect of our music that I really like.\"", "\"Launchpad\" similarly writes, \"where most bands these days look for that new, original sound to enhance the digital revolution, 'The Lumineers' do superbly in taking it back to simplicity.\"", "In another interview, Fraites explains, \"I just think people are enamored of going into a room and watching people play their own instruments and sing, rather than using Auto-Tune and a lot of digital equipment to get their sound across.", "There is so much digital-ness all around us.", "People are almost taken aback when you do the opposite of that.", "It's inspiring.", "\"\nAlister Roberts of \"Contactmusic\" has described the band's self-titled debut album as, \"a perfectly formed collection of rustic folk type songs, slotting in nicely amongst the current roots revival.\"", "Their folk sound has received comparisons to Mumford & Sons.", "On Mumford & Sons, Schultz has commented that they, \"kicked down doors, and they allowed radio to receive a band like us because we somehow slightly resemble what they're doing.\"", "Jon Pareles of \"The New York Times\" wrote that, \"Mumford comparisons rankle the Lumineers.", "While both bands wrap moody lyrics in toe-tapping melodies, Mumford & Sons pile on instruments in massive buildups.", "The Lumineers, by contrast, stay sparse, barely getting around to using an electric guitar on \"The Lumineers\".", "\"\nOther artists have commented on the folk-style music of The Lumineers and Mumford & Sons; alternative rock artist Jack White praised the style, stating, \"I think these acts nowadays are keeping people's ears open to the idea of the soulfulness of folk-style music and acoustic music, and you get a little bit closer to the musician, to the writer, at times.\"", "Conversely, hard and shock rock artist Alice Cooper criticized the two bands, calling it \"an offense\" to label them rock bands.", "The band cites a diverse range of influences including Bob Dylan, Beethoven, Guns N' Roses, Talking Heads, Bruce Springsteen, Pearl Jam, The Cars, Leonard Cohen, and \"cinematic music and anything strange and weird.\"", "Schultz adds \"Bob Dylan\", \"Born in the U.S.A.\", \"Greatest Hits\", \"Sand in the Vaseline\", \"Exile on Main St.\", and \"The Future\" as specific album influences.", "Additionally, Schultz cites a Tom Petty performance as one that, \"really stands out\" to him, stating, \"I just remember him playing \"Last Dance With Mary Jane\", and as the opening guitar line was being played, he opened up a chest on stage that had not been opened the entire show, pulled out a hat, put that hat on for the duration of the song, and then opened the chest back up and put it in and shut it.", "That is the moment I took away from his show.", "This taught me everything I needed to know.", "\"", "Current members\n\nCurrent touring members\n\n\nFormer members", "Headlining\n\n\nOpening act" ]

[ 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 ]

[ "The band has become one of the top touring bands in the United States and is also popular in other countries." ]

[ "When Schultz and Fraites began collaborating, writing together and playing gigs around New York City, they did so under various names including Free Beer, 6Cheek and Wesley Jeremiah.", "Fraites elaborated, \"When Wes and I got together, our first band name was Free Beer.", "It wasn't serious at first.", "We were a crappy band doing (terrible) covers.", "But we slowly started getting away from covers and writing originals.", "We were doing everything: vanilla singer-songwriter stuff, hard rock, electronic music.", "There was no focus; it was a mad, random mess.\"", "According to Schultz, the band became The Lumineers after a band called Lumineers (a made up word) was supposed to play at a club in Jersey City the week after Schultz and Fraites played there.", "The emcee mistakenly introduced Schultz and Fraites as \"The\" Lumineers, and the name stuck.", "The Lumineers struggled to find success in New York according to Schultz, who said, \"I was living in Brooklyn and working three jobs just to pay the rent,\" adding, \"it was really infuriating to move to a city that would help us grow musically but then never have any time to work on music.", "So I decided to do something about it.\"", "In 2009, after considering relocating to London, Philadelphia and Boston, Fraites and Schultz, in their \"ignorance and naïveté\", moved to Denver, Colorado, and joined the open mic scene.", "During this time they had a former member, Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke play with them rarely.", "Van Dyke sued The Lumineers around 2008, claiming that Schultz and Fraites didn't give him the proper credit he deserved.", "Later Schultz and Fraites acknowledged Van Dyke, and admitted that they performed for a short period of time.", "Van Dyke claims that he co-wrote nine songs with Schultz and Fraites.", "In 2010, after the band's relocation to Denver, Fraites and Schultz met classically trained cellist Neyla Pekarek.", "Although Pekarek had just recently graduated from college and was planning to become a music teacher, she responded to a Craigslist ad posted by Schultz and Fraites requesting a cellist and agreed to join the band when she was invited.", "As a three-piece, The Lumineers met Maxwell Hughes at an open mic event in Denver.", "Hughes played and toured with the band as an unofficial fourth member and contributed to the band's debut album.", "He suggested joining the band as a mandolin accompaniment, but the band was not looking for a permanent fourth member at the time, so Hughes and The Lumineers parted ways.", "They originally signed a management deal with Onto Entertainment which funded the band to record a full-length album in Seattle at Bear Creek Studio with producer Ryan Hadlock.", "The album was then remixed by Kevin Augunas, who also worked with the Black Keys, Cold War Kids, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, J-Roddy Walston and the Business, and Jon Brion.", "In December 2011, the song \"Ho Hey\", which would become the band's first single, was used in the first season of CW's \"Hart of Dixie\".", "This started a national buzz on social media.", "In January 2012, John Richards, the morning show DJ at KEXP-FM in Seattle, discovered \"Ho Hey\" in a pile of new CDs he had received, played it twice in a row daily for a week, and called it the best song of 2012.", "WXPN Philadelphia / NPR then conducted a feature on the band on their \"World Cafe: Next\" program.", "The band passed up major label offers to sign a deal with an independent label Dualtone Records that same month.", "The album was then licensed under similar terms to Dine Alone Records in Canada, Inertia in Australia, and Decca Records for the rest of the world.", "On signing with smaller independent labels, Fraites claimed, \"it's just nice to work with people that are entirely engaged.", "You know, not just sitting in front of a computer and playing \"Angry Birds\" on their cell phones all day,\" adding, \"with these smaller labels, people work 12 or 15 hour days to ensure our records are in the stores, and that we're getting played at radio.", "We want to work with people that are as hungry as we are.", "\"\nTheir self-titled debut album \"The Lumineers\" was released on April 3, 2012, on Dualtone Records.", "The album was met with mixed to positive critical reception, holding a 73 on review aggregator Metacritic, translating to \"generally favorable reviews\".", "Musicperk.com rated the album 8/10 commenting, \"a spark of uniqueness does exist\".", "The band's popularity continued to build in 2012 with sold-out shows and favorable reviews, and their debut album went on to peak at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart.", "Of the album's success, Schultz told Liz Riggs of \"American Songwriter\" that \"It's really arbitrary to any of us, especially to Jer and Neyla and I... because we've never really had an album out in this way...", "I'm really thrilled, but I also take it with a grain of salt,\" adding, \"I think basically, I feel really lucky because I know how fickle the business, the industry is.\"\nOn June 14, 2012, the album's first single, \"Ho Hey\", debuted at number 90 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, their first song to do so.", "\"Ho Hey\" later peaked at number three on the Hot 100, making it the band's first top five single.", "As of 2017, the track has sold over five million copies.", "On June 30, \"Ho Hey\" hit number one at commercial Triple A radio, maintaining the position for eight weeks.", "Later, on September 17, the song hit number one on the Alternative Songs chart where it stayed for two weeks.", "\"Ho Hey\" also reached number one on \"Billboard\"'s Rock Airplay, Hot Rock Songs, Alternative Songs, Rock Digital Songs, Alternative Digital Songs, Heatseekers Songs, Adult Pop Songs and Adult Contemporary Songs charts.", "\"Ho Hey\" experienced charting success internationally as well, reaching number one on the Canadian Alternative radio chart and number 17 on the Canadian single sales chart.", "It also reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first top 10 single there.", "In October 2012, Spotify named \"Ho Hey\" as the most shared song in Manhattan and third most shared in Brooklyn.", "On November 23, 2012, The Lumineers released \"Winter\", an EP version of their self-titled debut album.", "On December 5, 2012, The Lumineers were nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best New Artist and Best Americana Album.", "Continuing into 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would spend eight consecutive weeks atop \"Billboard\"s Adult Pop Songs chart.", "Simultaneously, \"Stubborn Love\", the second single off their self-titled album, would see two four-week runs at number one on the Adult Alternative Songs chart.", "The Lumineers headline shows in the Northeastern U.S. were announced for February 2013 and quickly sold out.", "Similarly, the band's tours of the U.K., Europe and Australia in early 2013 sold out all shows, after many shows were moved to larger venues.", "\"Submarines\" was released as the third single on July 30, 2013.", "The band performed \"Ho Hey\" and \"Submarines\" on \"The Colbert Report\" in July 2013.", "In August 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would become the 10th song to reach a 60th week on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, eventually finishing its run on the Hot 100 after 62 weeks, one of the highest runs in the chart's history.", "Subsequently, on August 20, 2013, a deluxe edition of their debut album was released, which included five bonus tracks, over 25 minutes of video footage and a 28-page booklet.", "Several songs by the band were used in the television series \"Reign\".", "\"Scotland\", in particular, was used as the theme song for the series, and was co-written by and features a performance from Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke, who sometimes played with Schultz and Fraites before their move to Denver.", "Fraites and Schultz composed the music for \"The Hanging Tree\".", "\"The Hanging Tree\" is a song performed by James Newton Howard featuring vocals from American actress Jennifer Lawrence for the 2014 film \"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\", the third installment of \"The Hunger Games\" film series.", "The song appears on both the official score album for the film and on the digital re-release of the official soundtrack for the film.", "The lyrics were written by \"The Hunger Games\" author Suzanne Collins and originally appeared in her novel \"Mockingjay\".", "Following its release, \"The Hanging Tree\" debuted in the top 40 of the singles charts of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "The song was released to American mainstream radio stations on December 9, 2014.", "In September 2014, it was announced that The Lumineers began working on their second album.", "Schultz stated through Instagram, \"Well folks, we are back in the studio, chippin' away at some new ideas.", "It's been one hell of a ride so far and we are excited to be writing again.", "Thanks and stay tuned.\"", "The band released their second studio album \"Cleopatra\" on April 8, 2016.", "The black and white photo on the cover depicts silent movie star Theda Bara in the title role in the 1917 film \"Cleopatra\".", "Cleopatra was co-produced by Simone Felice at The Clubhouse Studio in Rhinebeck, New York, and mixed (blending of all individual tracks in a recording) at The House Of Blues Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, by Ryan Hewitt.", "Band member changes for the \"Cleopatra\" tour included bass player Ben Wahamaki, a touring member since 2012, being replaced by Byron Isaacs.", "The album's first single \"Ophelia\" was released February 5, 2016, and quickly rose to No. 1 on the Triple A chart where it stayed for 13 weeks, the second-longest time any song has been No. 1 at Triple A radio, tied with Gotye's \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", just behind Coldplay's record of 14 weeks for their song \"Clocks\".", "At Alternative radio \"Ophelia\" also quickly rose to No. 1 where it stayed for four weeks and became the most-played song at Alternative radio to be released in 2016.", "Ophelia ended 2016 as Billboard's #1 Alternative song and #1 Rock Radio song.", "The second single, also the album's title track, \"Cleopatra\", sprang from an encounter with a taxi driver Wes met in the Republic of Georgia, who told a story of personal tragedy without a trace of self-pity.", "\"Cleopatra\" jumped quickly to No. 2 at Triple A radio where it peaked, and then became the band's third single to reach No. 1 at Alternative radio where it stayed for two weeks.", "A third single, \"Angela\", quickly rose to No. 2 on Triple A radio and broke into the top five at Alternative radio the week of December 11, 2017, making \"Cleopatra\" the first independent album to have three top five singles at Alternative radio since Mediabase reporting started.", "In an interview with Rolling Stone, front man, Wesley Schultz said he wrote most of \"Angela\" about his ex girlfriend, Angela Henard.", "\"Although we didn't work out she still holds a place in my heart.", "This is why she is brought up in multiple songs.", "\"\nIn April 2017, the band released the short film \"The Ballad of Cleopatra\", which brings together videos for the songs \"Cleopatra\", \"Angela\", \"Ophelia\", \"Sleep on the Floor\" and \"My Eyes\".", "Directed by Isaac Ravishankara (Ellie Goulding, Hosier, Phantogram), the film depicts Cleopatra's life story in one continuous narrative.", "The band accompanied their album release with the announcement of The Cleopatra World Tour.", "This tour, spreading over 2016 and 2017, sold over 750,000 tickets in the United States alone and included two sold-out performances at Madison Square Garden in New York City, three sold-out performances at Marymoor Amphitheater in Seattle, WA, two sold-out performances at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, CO, as well as Los Angeles's Hollywood Bowl, and Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, MD.", "In addition to their touring success in the United States, the band toured worldwide and sold over 100,000 tickets between Canada, The United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Australia, and South Africa.", "On January 9, 2017, Irish supergroup U2 announced that The Lumineers would be among their guests during the North American leg of the \"Joshua Tree Tour 2017\", opening shows at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, NRG Stadium in Houston, AT & T Stadium in Dallas, Soldier Field in Chicago, Heinz Field in Pittsburgh, Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, FedEx Field in Washington DC, Rogers Centre in Toronto, Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, and MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford.", "In addition to their support tour with U2, the Lumineers announced two performances with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in Seattle and Vancouver.", "They also announced a mid-August performance in London with Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks.", "To finish off their Cleopatra World Tour, the band announced three August 2017 \"homecoming\" performances at Denver's Fiddler's Green Amphitheater.", "In October 2018, Neyla Pekarek quit the band in order to concentrate on a solo career.", "On April 1, 2019, they posted a number of photos including one of the hashtag #whoarethesparks.", "On April 2, they teased their third album, titled \"III\", and announced that a new single, \"Gloria\", would be released on April 5.", "The album was released on September 13.", "The group is featured on the \"For The Throne\" album with the song \"Nightshade\", which was released on April 26, 2019, accompanying the final season of \"Game of Thrones\".", "On June 15, they performed \"Leader of the Landslide\" at Piqniq, which was set to be a track on their yet to be released album.", "On June 28, they played tracks from the album on The Other Stage at Glastonbury Festival along with tracks from their previous two albums.", "On July 19, they released their second single from the album, \"It Wasn't Easy to Be Happy for You\", from \"Chapter II: Junior Sparks\".", "On December 12, the Lumineers played along with Arkells at the 108th Grey Cup halftime show in Hamilton, Ontario.", "On September 20, 2021, they announced their fourth studio album, \"Brightside\", and released the title track as the lead single on the same day.", "A music video was also released for the song on the same day.", "On October 13, 2021, \"Big Shot\" was released as the second single, along with an accompanying music video.", "On November 17, 2021, \"A.M. Radio\" was released as the third single.", "The accompanying music video was shot at Ramsey High School, the alma mater of Schultz and Fraites, employing current and former students as extras and production assistants.", "On January 14, 2022, \"Brightside\" was officially released.", "The band announced on February 8, 2022 that there would be a tour for their North America Brightside World Tour 2022.", "In April, they did a cover of \"Just Like Heaven which was originally written by The Cure, and is considered one of their bonus tracks for \"Brightside.\"", "Schultz has stated, \"I write the lyrics, and I co-write the songs with Jer,\" adding \"It's never the same thing with each song.", "Generally speaking it involves a piano, a guitar, and maybe singing, and we usually start out with the chord structure, a set of chords, a melody especially, and then the lyrics usually follow.", "Or it's one phrase that you really find great", "and then you build the song around that.\"", "Schultz later claimed, \"Your melodies make people want to hear what you're saying,\" adding, \"They've got to be open to hearing it, almost hum it.", "And if they want to go deeper there is something there.", "\"\nFraites emphasizes the simplicity of the group's style, stating, \"we're not reinventing the wheel or doing anything that different, the songs are super simple.", "The ideas themselves are very simple ideas.", "Anyone who can play an instrument can play a Lumineers song.", "I think there's a certain cinematic aspect of our music that I really like.\"", "\"Launchpad\" similarly writes, \"where most bands these days look for that new, original sound to enhance the digital revolution, 'The Lumineers' do superbly in taking it back to simplicity.\"", "In another interview, Fraites explains, \"I just think people are enamored of going into a room and watching people play their own instruments and sing, rather than using Auto-Tune and a lot of digital equipment to get their sound across.", "There is so much digital-ness all around us.", "People are almost taken aback when you do the opposite of that.", "It's inspiring.", "\"\nAlister Roberts of \"Contactmusic\" has described the band's self-titled debut album as, \"a perfectly formed collection of rustic folk type songs, slotting in nicely amongst the current roots revival.\"", "Their folk sound has received comparisons to Mumford & Sons.", "On Mumford & Sons, Schultz has commented that they, \"kicked down doors, and they allowed radio to receive a band like us because we somehow slightly resemble what they're doing.\"", "Jon Pareles of \"The New York Times\" wrote that, \"Mumford comparisons rankle the Lumineers.", "While both bands wrap moody lyrics in toe-tapping melodies, Mumford & Sons pile on instruments in massive buildups.", "The Lumineers, by contrast, stay sparse, barely getting around to using an electric guitar on \"The Lumineers\".", "\"\nOther artists have commented on the folk-style music of The Lumineers and Mumford & Sons; alternative rock artist Jack White praised the style, stating, \"I think these acts nowadays are keeping people's ears open to the idea of the soulfulness of folk-style music and acoustic music, and you get a little bit closer to the musician, to the writer, at times.\"", "Conversely, hard and shock rock artist Alice Cooper criticized the two bands, calling it \"an offense\" to label them rock bands.", "The band cites a diverse range of influences including Bob Dylan, Beethoven, Guns N' Roses, Talking Heads, Bruce Springsteen, Pearl Jam, The Cars, Leonard Cohen, and \"cinematic music and anything strange and weird.\"", "Schultz adds \"Bob Dylan\", \"Born in the U.S.A.\", \"Greatest Hits\", \"Sand in the Vaseline\", \"Exile on Main St.\", and \"The Future\" as specific album influences.", "Additionally, Schultz cites a Tom Petty performance as one that, \"really stands out\" to him, stating, \"I just remember him playing \"Last Dance With Mary Jane\", and as the opening guitar line was being played, he opened up a chest on stage that had not been opened the entire show, pulled out a hat, put that hat on for the duration of the song, and then opened the chest back up and put it in and shut it.", "That is the moment I took away from his show.", "This taught me everything I needed to know.", "\"", "Current members\n\nCurrent touring members\n\n\nFormer members", "Headlining\n\n\nOpening act" ]

[ 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 ]

[ "Their third album, titled \"III\", was released on September 13, 2019 and debuted at No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" 200." ]

[ "When Schultz and Fraites began collaborating, writing together and playing gigs around New York City, they did so under various names including Free Beer, 6Cheek and Wesley Jeremiah.", "Fraites elaborated, \"When Wes and I got together, our first band name was Free Beer.", "It wasn't serious at first.", "We were a crappy band doing (terrible) covers.", "But we slowly started getting away from covers and writing originals.", "We were doing everything: vanilla singer-songwriter stuff, hard rock, electronic music.", "There was no focus; it was a mad, random mess.\"", "According to Schultz, the band became The Lumineers after a band called Lumineers (a made up word) was supposed to play at a club in Jersey City the week after Schultz and Fraites played there.", "The emcee mistakenly introduced Schultz and Fraites as \"The\" Lumineers, and the name stuck.", "The Lumineers struggled to find success in New York according to Schultz, who said, \"I was living in Brooklyn and working three jobs just to pay the rent,\" adding, \"it was really infuriating to move to a city that would help us grow musically but then never have any time to work on music.", "So I decided to do something about it.\"", "In 2009, after considering relocating to London, Philadelphia and Boston, Fraites and Schultz, in their \"ignorance and naïveté\", moved to Denver, Colorado, and joined the open mic scene.", "During this time they had a former member, Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke play with them rarely.", "Van Dyke sued The Lumineers around 2008, claiming that Schultz and Fraites didn't give him the proper credit he deserved.", "Later Schultz and Fraites acknowledged Van Dyke, and admitted that they performed for a short period of time.", "Van Dyke claims that he co-wrote nine songs with Schultz and Fraites.", "In 2010, after the band's relocation to Denver, Fraites and Schultz met classically trained cellist Neyla Pekarek.", "Although Pekarek had just recently graduated from college and was planning to become a music teacher, she responded to a Craigslist ad posted by Schultz and Fraites requesting a cellist and agreed to join the band when she was invited.", "As a three-piece, The Lumineers met Maxwell Hughes at an open mic event in Denver.", "Hughes played and toured with the band as an unofficial fourth member and contributed to the band's debut album.", "He suggested joining the band as a mandolin accompaniment, but the band was not looking for a permanent fourth member at the time, so Hughes and The Lumineers parted ways.", "They originally signed a management deal with Onto Entertainment which funded the band to record a full-length album in Seattle at Bear Creek Studio with producer Ryan Hadlock.", "The album was then remixed by Kevin Augunas, who also worked with the Black Keys, Cold War Kids, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, J-Roddy Walston and the Business, and Jon Brion.", "In December 2011, the song \"Ho Hey\", which would become the band's first single, was used in the first season of CW's \"Hart of Dixie\".", "This started a national buzz on social media.", "In January 2012, John Richards, the morning show DJ at KEXP-FM in Seattle, discovered \"Ho Hey\" in a pile of new CDs he had received, played it twice in a row daily for a week, and called it the best song of 2012.", "WXPN Philadelphia / NPR then conducted a feature on the band on their \"World Cafe: Next\" program.", "The band passed up major label offers to sign a deal with an independent label Dualtone Records that same month.", "The album was then licensed under similar terms to Dine Alone Records in Canada, Inertia in Australia, and Decca Records for the rest of the world.", "On signing with smaller independent labels, Fraites claimed, \"it's just nice to work with people that are entirely engaged.", "You know, not just sitting in front of a computer and playing \"Angry Birds\" on their cell phones all day,\" adding, \"with these smaller labels, people work 12 or 15 hour days to ensure our records are in the stores, and that we're getting played at radio.", "We want to work with people that are as hungry as we are.", "\"\nTheir self-titled debut album \"The Lumineers\" was released on April 3, 2012, on Dualtone Records.", "The album was met with mixed to positive critical reception, holding a 73 on review aggregator Metacritic, translating to \"generally favorable reviews\".", "Musicperk.com rated the album 8/10 commenting, \"a spark of uniqueness does exist\".", "The band's popularity continued to build in 2012 with sold-out shows and favorable reviews, and their debut album went on to peak at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart.", "Of the album's success, Schultz told Liz Riggs of \"American Songwriter\" that \"It's really arbitrary to any of us, especially to Jer and Neyla and I... because we've never really had an album out in this way...", "I'm really thrilled, but I also take it with a grain of salt,\" adding, \"I think basically, I feel really lucky because I know how fickle the business, the industry is.\"\nOn June 14, 2012, the album's first single, \"Ho Hey\", debuted at number 90 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, their first song to do so.", "\"Ho Hey\" later peaked at number three on the Hot 100, making it the band's first top five single.", "As of 2017, the track has sold over five million copies.", "On June 30, \"Ho Hey\" hit number one at commercial Triple A radio, maintaining the position for eight weeks.", "Later, on September 17, the song hit number one on the Alternative Songs chart where it stayed for two weeks.", "\"Ho Hey\" also reached number one on \"Billboard\"'s Rock Airplay, Hot Rock Songs, Alternative Songs, Rock Digital Songs, Alternative Digital Songs, Heatseekers Songs, Adult Pop Songs and Adult Contemporary Songs charts.", "\"Ho Hey\" experienced charting success internationally as well, reaching number one on the Canadian Alternative radio chart and number 17 on the Canadian single sales chart.", "It also reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first top 10 single there.", "In October 2012, Spotify named \"Ho Hey\" as the most shared song in Manhattan and third most shared in Brooklyn.", "On November 23, 2012, The Lumineers released \"Winter\", an EP version of their self-titled debut album.", "On December 5, 2012, The Lumineers were nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best New Artist and Best Americana Album.", "Continuing into 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would spend eight consecutive weeks atop \"Billboard\"s Adult Pop Songs chart.", "Simultaneously, \"Stubborn Love\", the second single off their self-titled album, would see two four-week runs at number one on the Adult Alternative Songs chart.", "The Lumineers headline shows in the Northeastern U.S. were announced for February 2013 and quickly sold out.", "Similarly, the band's tours of the U.K., Europe and Australia in early 2013 sold out all shows, after many shows were moved to larger venues.", "\"Submarines\" was released as the third single on July 30, 2013.", "The band performed \"Ho Hey\" and \"Submarines\" on \"The Colbert Report\" in July 2013.", "In August 2013, \"Ho Hey\" would become the 10th song to reach a 60th week on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, eventually finishing its run on the Hot 100 after 62 weeks, one of the highest runs in the chart's history.", "Subsequently, on August 20, 2013, a deluxe edition of their debut album was released, which included five bonus tracks, over 25 minutes of video footage and a 28-page booklet.", "Several songs by the band were used in the television series \"Reign\".", "\"Scotland\", in particular, was used as the theme song for the series, and was co-written by and features a performance from Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke, who sometimes played with Schultz and Fraites before their move to Denver.", "Fraites and Schultz composed the music for \"The Hanging Tree\".", "\"The Hanging Tree\" is a song performed by James Newton Howard featuring vocals from American actress Jennifer Lawrence for the 2014 film \"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\", the third installment of \"The Hunger Games\" film series.", "The song appears on both the official score album for the film and on the digital re-release of the official soundtrack for the film.", "The lyrics were written by \"The Hunger Games\" author Suzanne Collins and originally appeared in her novel \"Mockingjay\".", "Following its release, \"The Hanging Tree\" debuted in the top 40 of the singles charts of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "The song was released to American mainstream radio stations on December 9, 2014.", "In September 2014, it was announced that The Lumineers began working on their second album.", "Schultz stated through Instagram, \"Well folks, we are back in the studio, chippin' away at some new ideas.", "It's been one hell of a ride so far and we are excited to be writing again.", "Thanks and stay tuned.\"", "The band released their second studio album \"Cleopatra\" on April 8, 2016.", "The black and white photo on the cover depicts silent movie star Theda Bara in the title role in the 1917 film \"Cleopatra\".", "Cleopatra was co-produced by Simone Felice at The Clubhouse Studio in Rhinebeck, New York, and mixed (blending of all individual tracks in a recording) at The House Of Blues Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, by Ryan Hewitt.", "Band member changes for the \"Cleopatra\" tour included bass player Ben Wahamaki, a touring member since 2012, being replaced by Byron Isaacs.", "The album's first single \"Ophelia\" was released February 5, 2016, and quickly rose to No. 1 on the Triple A chart where it stayed for 13 weeks, the second-longest time any song has been No. 1 at Triple A radio, tied with Gotye's \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", just behind Coldplay's record of 14 weeks for their song \"Clocks\".", "At Alternative radio \"Ophelia\" also quickly rose to No. 1 where it stayed for four weeks and became the most-played song at Alternative radio to be released in 2016.", "Ophelia ended 2016 as Billboard's #1 Alternative song and #1 Rock Radio song.", "The second single, also the album's title track, \"Cleopatra\", sprang from an encounter with a taxi driver Wes met in the Republic of Georgia, who told a story of personal tragedy without a trace of self-pity.", "\"Cleopatra\" jumped quickly to No. 2 at Triple A radio where it peaked, and then became the band's third single to reach No. 1 at Alternative radio where it stayed for two weeks.", "A third single, \"Angela\", quickly rose to No. 2 on Triple A radio and broke into the top five at Alternative radio the week of December 11, 2017, making \"Cleopatra\" the first independent album to have three top five singles at Alternative radio since Mediabase reporting started.", "In an interview with Rolling Stone, front man, Wesley Schultz said he wrote most of \"Angela\" about his ex girlfriend, Angela Henard.", "\"Although we didn't work out she still holds a place in my heart.", "This is why she is brought up in multiple songs.", "\"\nIn April 2017, the band released the short film \"The Ballad of Cleopatra\", which brings together videos for the songs \"Cleopatra\", \"Angela\", \"Ophelia\", \"Sleep on the Floor\" and \"My Eyes\".", "Directed by Isaac Ravishankara (Ellie Goulding, Hosier, Phantogram), the film depicts Cleopatra's life story in one continuous narrative.", "The band accompanied their album release with the announcement of The Cleopatra World Tour.", "This tour, spreading over 2016 and 2017, sold over 750,000 tickets in the United States alone and included two sold-out performances at Madison Square Garden in New York City, three sold-out performances at Marymoor Amphitheater in Seattle, WA, two sold-out performances at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, CO, as well as Los Angeles's Hollywood Bowl, and Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, MD.", "In addition to their touring success in the United States, the band toured worldwide and sold over 100,000 tickets between Canada, The United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Australia, and South Africa.", "On January 9, 2017, Irish supergroup U2 announced that The Lumineers would be among their guests during the North American leg of the \"Joshua Tree Tour 2017\", opening shows at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, NRG Stadium in Houston, AT & T Stadium in Dallas, Soldier Field in Chicago, Heinz Field in Pittsburgh, Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, FedEx Field in Washington DC, Rogers Centre in Toronto, Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, and MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford.", "In addition to their support tour with U2, the Lumineers announced two performances with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in Seattle and Vancouver.", "They also announced a mid-August performance in London with Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks.", "To finish off their Cleopatra World Tour, the band announced three August 2017 \"homecoming\" performances at Denver's Fiddler's Green Amphitheater.", "In October 2018, Neyla Pekarek quit the band in order to concentrate on a solo career.", "On April 1, 2019, they posted a number of photos including one of the hashtag #whoarethesparks.", "On April 2, they teased their third album, titled \"III\", and announced that a new single, \"Gloria\", would be released on April 5.", "The album was released on September 13.", "The group is featured on the \"For The Throne\" album with the song \"Nightshade\", which was released on April 26, 2019, accompanying the final season of \"Game of Thrones\".", "On June 15, they performed \"Leader of the Landslide\" at Piqniq, which was set to be a track on their yet to be released album.", "On June 28, they played tracks from the album on The Other Stage at Glastonbury Festival along with tracks from their previous two albums.", "On July 19, they released their second single from the album, \"It Wasn't Easy to Be Happy for You\", from \"Chapter II: Junior Sparks\".", "On December 12, the Lumineers played along with Arkells at the 108th Grey Cup halftime show in Hamilton, Ontario.", "On September 20, 2021, they announced their fourth studio album, \"Brightside\", and released the title track as the lead single on the same day.", "A music video was also released for the song on the same day.", "On October 13, 2021, \"Big Shot\" was released as the second single, along with an accompanying music video.", "On November 17, 2021, \"A.M. Radio\" was released as the third single.", "The accompanying music video was shot at Ramsey High School, the alma mater of Schultz and Fraites, employing current and former students as extras and production assistants.", "On January 14, 2022, \"Brightside\" was officially released.", "The band announced on February 8, 2022 that there would be a tour for their North America Brightside World Tour 2022.", "In April, they did a cover of \"Just Like Heaven which was originally written by The Cure, and is considered one of their bonus tracks for \"Brightside.\"", "Schultz has stated, \"I write the lyrics, and I co-write the songs with Jer,\" adding \"It's never the same thing with each song.", "Generally speaking it involves a piano, a guitar, and maybe singing, and we usually start out with the chord structure, a set of chords, a melody especially, and then the lyrics usually follow.", "Or it's one phrase that you really find great", "and then you build the song around that.\"", "Schultz later claimed, \"Your melodies make people want to hear what you're saying,\" adding, \"They've got to be open to hearing it, almost hum it.", "And if they want to go deeper there is something there.", "\"\nFraites emphasizes the simplicity of the group's style, stating, \"we're not reinventing the wheel or doing anything that different, the songs are super simple.", "The ideas themselves are very simple ideas.", "Anyone who can play an instrument can play a Lumineers song.", "I think there's a certain cinematic aspect of our music that I really like.\"", "\"Launchpad\" similarly writes, \"where most bands these days look for that new, original sound to enhance the digital revolution, 'The Lumineers' do superbly in taking it back to simplicity.\"", "In another interview, Fraites explains, \"I just think people are enamored of going into a room and watching people play their own instruments and sing, rather than using Auto-Tune and a lot of digital equipment to get their sound across.", "There is so much digital-ness all around us.", "People are almost taken aback when you do the opposite of that.", "It's inspiring.", "\"\nAlister Roberts of \"Contactmusic\" has described the band's self-titled debut album as, \"a perfectly formed collection of rustic folk type songs, slotting in nicely amongst the current roots revival.\"", "Their folk sound has received comparisons to Mumford & Sons.", "On Mumford & Sons, Schultz has commented that they, \"kicked down doors, and they allowed radio to receive a band like us because we somehow slightly resemble what they're doing.\"", "Jon Pareles of \"The New York Times\" wrote that, \"Mumford comparisons rankle the Lumineers.", "While both bands wrap moody lyrics in toe-tapping melodies, Mumford & Sons pile on instruments in massive buildups.", "The Lumineers, by contrast, stay sparse, barely getting around to using an electric guitar on \"The Lumineers\".", "\"\nOther artists have commented on the folk-style music of The Lumineers and Mumford & Sons; alternative rock artist Jack White praised the style, stating, \"I think these acts nowadays are keeping people's ears open to the idea of the soulfulness of folk-style music and acoustic music, and you get a little bit closer to the musician, to the writer, at times.\"", "Conversely, hard and shock rock artist Alice Cooper criticized the two bands, calling it \"an offense\" to label them rock bands.", "The band cites a diverse range of influences including Bob Dylan, Beethoven, Guns N' Roses, Talking Heads, Bruce Springsteen, Pearl Jam, The Cars, Leonard Cohen, and \"cinematic music and anything strange and weird.\"", "Schultz adds \"Bob Dylan\", \"Born in the U.S.A.\", \"Greatest Hits\", \"Sand in the Vaseline\", \"Exile on Main St.\", and \"The Future\" as specific album influences.", "Additionally, Schultz cites a Tom Petty performance as one that, \"really stands out\" to him, stating, \"I just remember him playing \"Last Dance With Mary Jane\", and as the opening guitar line was being played, he opened up a chest on stage that had not been opened the entire show, pulled out a hat, put that hat on for the duration of the song, and then opened the chest back up and put it in and shut it.", "That is the moment I took away from his show.", "This taught me everything I needed to know.", "\"", "Current members\n\nCurrent touring members\n\n\nFormer members", "Headlining\n\n\nOpening act" ]

[ 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 ]

[ "Their fourth album, \"Brightside\", was released on January 14, 2022." ]

[ "The hospital was built at a cost of £120,000 and at the time it was built it had \"98 beds for surgical and medical cases, in addition to special children's and maternity wards\".", "It was commissioned to replace the infirmary at Abbeytown (now the County Library) and opened as Roscommon County Hospital in November 1941.", "The hospital's maternity department effectively closed in 1978 when the Health Board refused to appoint an obstetrician-gynaecologist to the hospital.", "The Roscommon Hospital Action Committee (HAC) was a campaign group established to protest against the downgrading of Accident and Emergency services at the hospital.", "In December 2006, the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee criticised what it called the \"fudged language\" of the Health Service Executive (HSE) on emergency care at the hospital.", "Later, in August 2010, thousands of people marched through Roscommon to the hospital where they made a human chain.", "Taoiseach Enda Kenny confirmed the downgrading of emergency services at the hospital while visiting Roscommon to open a constituency office for Denis Naughten on 27 June 2011.", "He was met by protesters.", "While campaigning ahead of the general election earlier that year, Kenny had been recorded by a journalist promising emergency care would be kept at the hospital if people voted for Naughten and Frank Feighan.", "In July 2011, when the downgrading of services had been confirmed and the recording made public, Kenny spoke of his regret for the confusion his words may have caused voters.", "During July and August 2011, members of the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee protested at Leinster House, at several bridges over the River Shannon, and at a sit-in at the hospital's 24-hour emergency unit.", "After a woman discovered files containing the personal details of hundreds of patients from the Midland Regional Hospital, Mullingar, in a bin outside Roscommon Hospital, she gave them to the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee which passed them on to the Data Protection Commissioner.", "Three investigations were established.", "In late 2011, despite protests by the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee, the hospital's Accident and Emergency unit closed and was replaced with an \"Urgent Care Unit\".", "The hospital became Roscommon University Hospital in November 2015." ]

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[ "Roscommon University Hospital () is a general hospital based in Roscommon, Ireland.", "It is managed by Saolta University Health Care Group." ]

[ "The hospital was built at a cost of £120,000 and at the time it was built it had \"98 beds for surgical and medical cases, in addition to special children's and maternity wards\".", "It was commissioned to replace the infirmary at Abbeytown (now the County Library) and opened as Roscommon County Hospital in November 1941.", "The hospital's maternity department effectively closed in 1978 when the Health Board refused to appoint an obstetrician-gynaecologist to the hospital.", "The Roscommon Hospital Action Committee (HAC) was a campaign group established to protest against the downgrading of Accident and Emergency services at the hospital.", "In December 2006, the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee criticised what it called the \"fudged language\" of the Health Service Executive (HSE) on emergency care at the hospital.", "Later, in August 2010, thousands of people marched through Roscommon to the hospital where they made a human chain.", "Taoiseach Enda Kenny confirmed the downgrading of emergency services at the hospital while visiting Roscommon to open a constituency office for Denis Naughten on 27 June 2011.", "He was met by protesters.", "While campaigning ahead of the general election earlier that year, Kenny had been recorded by a journalist promising emergency care would be kept at the hospital if people voted for Naughten and Frank Feighan.", "In July 2011, when the downgrading of services had been confirmed and the recording made public, Kenny spoke of his regret for the confusion his words may have caused voters.", "During July and August 2011, members of the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee protested at Leinster House, at several bridges over the River Shannon, and at a sit-in at the hospital's 24-hour emergency unit.", "After a woman discovered files containing the personal details of hundreds of patients from the Midland Regional Hospital, Mullingar, in a bin outside Roscommon Hospital, she gave them to the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee which passed them on to the Data Protection Commissioner.", "Three investigations were established.", "In late 2011, despite protests by the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee, the hospital's Accident and Emergency unit closed and was replaced with an \"Urgent Care Unit\".", "The hospital became Roscommon University Hospital in November 2015." ]

[ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]

[ "Roscommon University Hospital () is a general hospital based in Roscommon, Ireland.", "It is managed by Saolta University Health Care Group." ]

[ "The hospital was built at a cost of £120,000 and at the time it was built it had \"98 beds for surgical and medical cases, in addition to special children's and maternity wards\".", "It was commissioned to replace the infirmary at Abbeytown (now the County Library) and opened as Roscommon County Hospital in November 1941.", "The hospital's maternity department effectively closed in 1978 when the Health Board refused to appoint an obstetrician-gynaecologist to the hospital.", "The Roscommon Hospital Action Committee (HAC) was a campaign group established to protest against the downgrading of Accident and Emergency services at the hospital.", "In December 2006, the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee criticised what it called the \"fudged language\" of the Health Service Executive (HSE) on emergency care at the hospital.", "Later, in August 2010, thousands of people marched through Roscommon to the hospital where they made a human chain.", "Taoiseach Enda Kenny confirmed the downgrading of emergency services at the hospital while visiting Roscommon to open a constituency office for Denis Naughten on 27 June 2011.", "He was met by protesters.", "While campaigning ahead of the general election earlier that year, Kenny had been recorded by a journalist promising emergency care would be kept at the hospital if people voted for Naughten and Frank Feighan.", "In July 2011, when the downgrading of services had been confirmed and the recording made public, Kenny spoke of his regret for the confusion his words may have caused voters.", "During July and August 2011, members of the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee protested at Leinster House, at several bridges over the River Shannon, and at a sit-in at the hospital's 24-hour emergency unit.", "After a woman discovered files containing the personal details of hundreds of patients from the Midland Regional Hospital, Mullingar, in a bin outside Roscommon Hospital, she gave them to the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee which passed them on to the Data Protection Commissioner.", "Three investigations were established.", "In late 2011, despite protests by the Roscommon Hospital Action Committee, the hospital's Accident and Emergency unit closed and was replaced with an \"Urgent Care Unit\".", "The hospital became Roscommon University Hospital in November 2015." ]

[ 14 ]

[ "Roscommon University Hospital () is a general hospital based in Roscommon, Ireland." ]

[ "The women's individual pursuit consists of a 3 km time trial race between two riders, starting on opposite sides of the track.", "If one rider catches the other, the race is over.", "The tournament consisted of an initial qualifying round.", "The top four riders advanced to the semifinals.", "The winners of the semifinals advanced to the gold medal match and losers advanced to the bronze medal race.", "Friday 5 September\n12:08-12:58 Qualifying\nSaturday 6 September\n19:10-19:25 Finals\n19:30:-19:35 Victory Ceremony" ]

[ 5 ]

[ "It took place from 5 to 6 September 2008." ]

[ "In 1994 the 404 acre property in Loudoun County, Virginia, known as \"Grand Oak Farm\" was purchased by E. Paul Breaux, Jr., President and CEO of Sun Realty of Nags Head, Inc.", "At the time of purchase there were 0.6 acres of Cabernet Sauvignon vines that had been planted in 1985 by David Collins, an independent vineyard consultant and winemaker for Willowcroft Farm Vineyards in Leesburg, Virginia.", "2 years later the Breaux family started expanding the vineyard with the assistance of Collins, who would later be hired by Breaux Vineyards to be the head winemaker and vineyard manager.", "Breaux Vineyards, Ltd. was incorporated in 1997, and the vineyard was expanded from less than 1 acre of cultivated vines in 1996 to 105 acres in 2011.", "In 2005 E. Paul Breaux, Jr. turned over day-to-day operations to his daughter Jennifer Breaux Blosser and her husband Christopher Blosser, although Breaux maintained the title of CEO for Breaux Vineyards.", "In the spring of 2011 David Collins left the company to co-found his own project in Rohrersville, Maryland, called \"Big Cork Vineyards\".", "He was replaced at Breaux Vineyards by David Pagan Castaño, of Spain.", "The vineyard is a single contiguous property of 105 acres of vines under cultivation for the sole purpose of wine grape production.", "The soil compositions are mostly Eubanks loam with slopes of varying grades that range between 2 and 15% (57% are 2–7% grading, and 31% are 7–15% grading).", "Eighteen different grape varieties are planted, including 9 white wine grape varieties, and 9 red wine grape varieties.", "The largest plantings on the property are dedicated to Cabernet Sauvignon (19.5 acres), Vidal blanc (18 acres), and Merlot (17.5 acres).", "A combination of Lyre and VSP (Vertical Shoot Positioning) vine training systems are used on the property.", "Breaux Vineyards uses an integrated pest and disease management system due to the demanding and difficult grape growing conditions in Northern Virginia.", "All vines are maintained and harvested by hand, with mechanization being used for vine spraying and canopy management.", "The winery is equipped with modern winemaking equipment including: 50,000 gallons of wine capacity within their German-manufactured temperature controlled tanks, a full sized Italian bottling line, a large hydraulic bladder grape press, several grape crusher/destemmers, a temperature-controlled grape receiving room/crush pad, and a humidity and temperature-controlled barrel room housing their over 500 wine barrels.", "Breaux Vineyards produces between 20-26 wines per year for themselves broken into two types of labels, and potentially many more depending on custom crush contracts where they produce wines for other wineries.", "The winery currently produces around 12,000 cases (144,000 bottles) per year.", "# Barbera\n# Cabernet Franc\n# Cabernet Sauvignon\n# Chambourcin\n# Malbec\n# Merlot\n# Nebbiolo\n# Petit Verdot\n# Syrah\n# Chardonnay\n# Muscat blanc\n# Muscat Giallo\n# Muscat Orange\n# Sauvignon blanc\n# Semillon\n# Seyval blanc\n# Vidal blanc\n# Viognier" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "Breaux Vineyards is a Cajun owned and operated winery and vineyard located in Purcellville, Loudoun County, Virginia." ]

[ "Colin McAlpin was born in 1870, at 15 Gallowtree Gate, Leicester, England.", "He was the fourth child of a clothier John William McAlpin, and his German wife Marie Louise (née Gerdes).", "His elder siblings were Kenneth, Donal and Janet, and his younger brothers Alan and John.", "McAlpin published his first composition when he was only 15 and at Wellingborough School: a song called \"The Cuckoo\" published in the \"Midland Musical Journal\".", "At the age of 16 he was admitted to the Royal Academy of Music to study harmony with Francis William Davenport and organ playing with Charles Steggall, and after three years he acquired silver medals in both areas of study.", "In 1892 \"Robin Hood\", his first dramatic work, was performed at Wellingborough School and that year he was appointed organist and choirmaster at Kensington Presbyterian Church.", "In 1897, \"King Arthur\", an opera in three acts, commissioned by impresario Herbert Marshall, was performed by the Leicester Philharmonic Society under H. S. Ellis.", "In that year three of McAlpin's \"Ten Songs\" were performed in one of Granville Bantock's concerts for British composers.", "The \"Ten Songs\" were published by Cary & Son, the first of dozens of his pieces to be published by this company.", "In his thirtieth year McAlpin was appointed organist and choirmaster of Trinity Presbyterian Church Clapham, where his sacred cantata \"The Prince of Peace\" had its first performance.", "He was in 1920 appointed organist and choirmaster of Ealing Presbyterian Church, and in that year his cantata \"Excalibur\" was performed in London.", "In 1903 \"King Arthur\" was performed at the Royalty Theatre, London.", "In the same year his opera in four acts, \"The Cross and the Crescent\", first produced at Covent Garden by the Moody-Manners company, won him the Manners Prize of £250 for the best opera by a British composer, and it was performed subsequently in Glasgow and Edinburgh.", "A one-act opera \"The Vow\" staged at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham won him the same prize twelve years later.", "His writings included critical essays published in journals \"The Musical Times\" and \"The Musical Quarterly\", and his book \"Hermaia: a Study in Comparative Esthetics\", which his biographer David J. Fisher describes as \"a remarkable study of comparative aesthetics\", has been recognised as culturally important.", "In 1907 McAlpin had his portrait painted by Richard Jack RA, and a bronze bust was sculpted by W. B. Fagan FRBS.", "He married an artist Susette Peach (1871-1950) in 1899, and they had one son Roderic McAlpin (1907-1965).", "Colin McAlpin died at Dorking, Surrey, on 13 May 1942." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "Colin McAlpin (9 April 1870 – 13 May 1942) was an English composer of songs, operas and ballet music, an organist and a writer of critical essays on music." ]

[ "Shristi represented her hometown of Chitwan during Miss Nepal 2012 beauty pageant as Miss Chitwan 2012.", "She went on to win the main title of Miss Nepal World 2012 along with the Miss Confidence title.", "She is the first Miss Nepal to reach the quarter finals (20th Place) of the Miss World.", "Although she finished 20th in the entire Miss World pageant, she was able to achieve the 8th position in Beach Beauty and was one of the top 10 contestants for the Multimedia Award.", "She also won the \"'Public Choice award\"' during the Miss world pageant.", "She was placed as the Top 10 Dancers in Miss World 2012.", "She debuted in the Nepali movie \"Gajalu\" opposite Anmol K.C.", "She debuted her theater career with the role of Ophelia in Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\", which ran for a month in the Theater Village in Kathmandu.", "The play was organised by the British Council, and directed by Gregory Thomson.", "Shristi Shrestha is the seventh Young Conservation Ambassador in WWF Nepal.", "Shristi is involved with Snow Leopard conservation projects at WWF Nepal.", "Since 2016, she has been in a relationship with Saugat Malla." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "Shristi Shrestha (, ) is a Nepalese film actress and the winner of the Miss Nepal World 2012 pageant, who works in Nepali cinema." ]

[ "In the foreground, there is a boat, floating down the Avon River, right outside Bristol.", "There is a second boat, further down the river, nearer to the action of the painting.", "The dark, rocky cliffs on the left are juxtaposed with the light, sheer cliffs on the right, creating a deep contrast for the centre, where the river runs through.", "The subject of the painting, not in the foreground, is a chunk of limestone being blown off the cliff face, in preparation for the construction of the Clifton Suspension Bridge.", "The subject matter was given to Cotman by his friend and patron, Reverend James Bulwer, who lived in Bristol.", "The view is believed to be one of the last views from this popular vantage point, as the view was lost in 1831, when construction of the Clifton Suspension Bridge started.", "Cotman's style of watercolor varied from his contemporaries, opting to use watercolors like paint, instead of a tint.", "He used the paints in unique ways, using the translucent quality of the medium to his full advantage.", "The Indianapolis Museum of Art purchased \"Blasting St. Vincent's Rock\" in 1999, using the Beeler Fund, the Mr. and Mrs. Spurlock Fund and James E. Roberts fund." ]

[ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "Blasting St. Vincent's Rock, Clifton is a watercolor created by Norwich artist John Sell Cotman." ]

[ "Reymes was the eldest son of Bullen Reymes of Westminster and his wife Mary Petre, daughter of William Petre of Torbryan, Devon.", "He was educated privately and at Merton College, Oxford ( BA 1670) and the Middle Temple.", "He travelled abroad, where he was attaché at the Paris embassy from 1631 to 1632 and based in Venice (where he played the lute and 'red in Shakespeares playes') from 1634 to 1635 and 1636 to 1637.", "He also visited Sicily, met Artemisia Gentileschi in Naples and travelled as far as Athens, where he saw 'the beautiful ruins' before the disastrous 1687 explosion in the Parthenon.", "He was a captain of foot in 1640 and a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber from 1641 to 1646.", "He supported the King in the Civil War, and was colonel of horse in the Royalist army from 1643 to 1646.", "He was active in defending Exeter and was made a freeman in 1645.", "The city surrendered in 1646 and he laid down his arms.", "He was treated leniently by the committee for compounding for Dorset and paid no more than £100.", "In 1650, he was imprisoned in Taunton Castle and after the Battle of Worcester helped some Royalists to escape abroad.", "He succeeded to the heavily mortgaged estates of his father in 1652.", "In June 1660, Reymes was elected Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in a by-election to the Convention Parliament.", "He resumed his position as gentleman of the privy chamber in the same month.", "He was servant to the Duke of Gloucester until September 1660, and was commissioner for assessment for Dorset from August 1660 to 1669.", "In 1661 he was re-elected MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in the Cavalier Parliament, and proved to be a very active member.", "In the same year he became freeman of Weymouth and Vice Admiral of Dorset until his death.", "He was commissioner for loyal and indigent officers for Dorset in 1662, and commissioner for assessment for Westminster from 1663 to 1669.", "At this time he was involved in a feud with the Strangways family over various matters.", "He was commissioner for sick and wounded in Hampshire and Dorset 1664 to 1667 and was appointed commissioner for Tangier from 1664 until his death.", "He became a freeman of Portsmouth in 1665 and was deputy treasurer of prizes at Portsmouth from 1665 to 1667.", "He had become a merchant of sailcloth, and was supplying sailcloth to the navy at the time of the second Dutch war when he had several minor administrative posts.", "In 1668 he became surveyor of the Great Wardrobe and achieved great savings after the mismanagement of the previous post holder.", "He was commissioner for sick and wounded for Hampshire and Dorset again from 1671 until his death.", "he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1667.", "Reymes was friends with the diarists, Samuel Pepys and John Evelyn, and was a keen theatre-goer and gardener.", "He is mentioned six times in Pepys’ Diary.", "For instance, on 24 January 1668, Pepys wrote: “Sat by Colonell Reames, who understands and loves a play as well as I, and I love him for it.”", "In 1672 Reymes was unwell and retired to Dorset where, after a lingering illness, he died in December at the age of 68, and was buried in Portesham church.", "He was survived by his daughters but only one of his sons, also called Bullen (who died at Waddon after having been mysteriously found wounded in Weymouth in 1695).", "Reymes married Elizabeth Gerard, daughter of Thomas Gerard of Trent, Somerset in 1640 and had three sons and two daughters.", "Elizabeth died at Waddon, in Dorset, in 1661.", "Reymes remarried.", "His second wife, Anna, outlived him." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 ]

[ "He fought in the Royalist army in the English Civil War." ]

[ "Reymes was the eldest son of Bullen Reymes of Westminster and his wife Mary Petre, daughter of William Petre of Torbryan, Devon.", "He was educated privately and at Merton College, Oxford ( BA 1670) and the Middle Temple.", "He travelled abroad, where he was attaché at the Paris embassy from 1631 to 1632 and based in Venice (where he played the lute and 'red in Shakespeares playes') from 1634 to 1635 and 1636 to 1637.", "He also visited Sicily, met Artemisia Gentileschi in Naples and travelled as far as Athens, where he saw 'the beautiful ruins' before the disastrous 1687 explosion in the Parthenon.", "He was a captain of foot in 1640 and a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber from 1641 to 1646.", "He supported the King in the Civil War, and was colonel of horse in the Royalist army from 1643 to 1646.", "He was active in defending Exeter and was made a freeman in 1645.", "The city surrendered in 1646 and he laid down his arms.", "He was treated leniently by the committee for compounding for Dorset and paid no more than £100.", "In 1650, he was imprisoned in Taunton Castle and after the Battle of Worcester helped some Royalists to escape abroad.", "He succeeded to the heavily mortgaged estates of his father in 1652.", "In June 1660, Reymes was elected Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in a by-election to the Convention Parliament.", "He resumed his position as gentleman of the privy chamber in the same month.", "He was servant to the Duke of Gloucester until September 1660, and was commissioner for assessment for Dorset from August 1660 to 1669.", "In 1661 he was re-elected MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in the Cavalier Parliament, and proved to be a very active member.", "In the same year he became freeman of Weymouth and Vice Admiral of Dorset until his death.", "He was commissioner for loyal and indigent officers for Dorset in 1662, and commissioner for assessment for Westminster from 1663 to 1669.", "At this time he was involved in a feud with the Strangways family over various matters.", "He was commissioner for sick and wounded in Hampshire and Dorset 1664 to 1667 and was appointed commissioner for Tangier from 1664 until his death.", "He became a freeman of Portsmouth in 1665 and was deputy treasurer of prizes at Portsmouth from 1665 to 1667.", "He had become a merchant of sailcloth, and was supplying sailcloth to the navy at the time of the second Dutch war when he had several minor administrative posts.", "In 1668 he became surveyor of the Great Wardrobe and achieved great savings after the mismanagement of the previous post holder.", "He was commissioner for sick and wounded for Hampshire and Dorset again from 1671 until his death.", "he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1667.", "Reymes was friends with the diarists, Samuel Pepys and John Evelyn, and was a keen theatre-goer and gardener.", "He is mentioned six times in Pepys’ Diary.", "For instance, on 24 January 1668, Pepys wrote: “Sat by Colonell Reames, who understands and loves a play as well as I, and I love him for it.”", "In 1672 Reymes was unwell and retired to Dorset where, after a lingering illness, he died in December at the age of 68, and was buried in Portesham church.", "He was survived by his daughters but only one of his sons, also called Bullen (who died at Waddon after having been mysteriously found wounded in Weymouth in 1695).", "Reymes married Elizabeth Gerard, daughter of Thomas Gerard of Trent, Somerset in 1640 and had three sons and two daughters.", "Elizabeth died at Waddon, in Dorset, in 1661.", "Reymes remarried.", "His second wife, Anna, outlived him." ]

[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "He fought in the Royalist army in the English Civil War." ]

[ "On April 24, 2009, PJAK rebels attacked a police station in Kermanshah province.", "According to updated reports 18 policemen and 8 rebels were killed in a fierce gun battle.", "According to Iranian government sources, the attack resulted in 10 policemen and 10 rebels killed.", "According to Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research, the attack, which occurred on April 24 and 25, involved PJAK attacks on two police stations in the cities of Ravansar in northern Kermanshah province and in Sanandaj, the capital of Kordestan province, killing eleven police officers, with more than ten PJAK members reportedly killed.", "Iran responded a week later by attacking Kurdish villages in the border area of Panjwin inside Iraq using helicopter gunships.", "According to Iraqi border guards officials, the area attacked by Iran was not considered a stronghold of PJAK, that appeared to have been the target of the raid.", "According to the ICRC, more than 800 Iraqi Kurds have been forced from their homes by the recent cross-border violence." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Ravansar and Sanandaj police station attacks were staged by PJAK militants on April 24 and 25, 2009, targeting Iranian police stations in Ravansar, Kermanshah province and Sanandaj, Kordestan province.", "The attacks, considered among the most costly for Iranian security forces, resulted in 20 to 26 killed, including at least 10 police officers." ]

[ "Before the St. Catherine's was built, a 14th-century Dominican church occupied the area.", "When the Jesuits arrived in Zagreb in the early 17th century, they thought the original church too rundown and inadequate, and worked to build a new church.", "Construction began in 1620 and was completed in 1632.", "A monastery was built adjacent to the church, but now the spot is home to the Klovićevi dvori art gallery.", "St. Catherine's church was victim to fire twice in history: once in 1645 and again in 1674, devastating the interior.", "The church was refurnished with help from wealthy Croatian nobles, and in return, they were allowed to display their family coat-of-arms or have the honour to be buried or entombed in the church.", "After the disestablishment of the Jesuits, St. Catherine's became part of the parish of St. Mark's in 1793.", "Since 1874, St. Catherine's has been a Collegiate church.", "The church was severely damaged by the 1880 earthquake.", "After 6 months of repairs, it was reconsecrated in November 1881.", "The church is designed in the Baroque architecture of the 17th century." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ "Church of St. Catherine (Croatian: \"Crkva sv." ]

[ "The narrator first starts out as a feral puppy.", "A few weeks later, after being nursed by their mother, a feral as well, the dog and his siblings Fast, Sister, and Hungry go outside of their den to explore the woods around them.", "Soon after, men come and capture them.", "The dogs arrive at a place called the Yard, where dozens of abandoned dogs reside under the guidance of a gentle old woman whom the narrator calls Senora.", "The narrator, named Toby by Senora, adjusts to his new lifestyle.", "One day, many of the newer dogs at the Yard are whisked off to a building (a veterinarian office).", "A new dog arrives, named Spike, who is very aggressive with the other dogs, and injures Toby.", "Not long after, animal control service agents arrive with orders to shut down the place due to poor sanitation and welfare conditions.", "Many dogs, including Toby, are subsequently euthanized.", "Toby now is reincarnated as a Golden Retriever puppy and is nursing from a new mother.", "A few weeks after birth, when Toby and his new brothers and sisters have matured enough, he and the others are allowed to play outside the cage.", "Toby climbs up onto a table and bites the doorknob, opening the gate to the outside world and leaving him to explore the real world.", "A truck driver picks up Toby on the road and calls him \"Fella.\"", "The man drives to a bar.", "After the man has been gone for several hours, Toby begins suffering from heat exhaustion in the cab.", "A woman breaks the car window, and rescues Toby.", "She brings him home, and presents him to her eight-year-old son, Ethan.", "Toby is renamed Bailey.", "Over the course of many years, Bailey lives a full life with Ethan, and accompanies him through many difficulties, including arson, which leads to Ethan permanently injuring his leg, and ending his promising athletic career.", "Ethan goes to live with his grandparents at their farm in Michigan so he can be with his girlfriend Hannah and finish his senior year in high school.", "Around that time, things are not going well in the family, with Ethan's injury, an eventual breakup with Hannah, and a divorce between Ethan's parents.", "Soon after moving, Ethan goes off to college, leaving Bailey with infrequent visits from him during the holidays.", "Bailey's health starts to decline, with him taking naps very often and being weak.", "Soon, Ethan's mother and grandparents take him to the vet, where he is once again put down.", "Bailey wakes up once again as a German Shepherd.", "Bailey, who realizes that he is now a girl, is picked out and named Ellie by a police officer, named Jakob, and trained to be a search-and-rescue dog.", "Jakob and Ellie find a kidnapped girl but while getting the man into custody he shoots Jakob, injuring him so that he can no longer be a policeman.", "Ellie then gets put into the care of one of Jakob's colleagues, Maya.", "After passing of old age, he is reborn but this time as a Labrador Retriever with Wendi, his new owner, who is ecstatic with her new pet, whom she names Bear.", "She cannot keep him because of a no-pet rule in her apartment building.", "Instead, she gives him to her mother, who is dating an alcoholic.", "Neither treat Bear very well, and the mother's boyfriend, fed up with the dog upon receiving a notice that he needs to provide better living conditions, ditches him on a country road.", "Bear recognizes his surroundings, having been there before with Ethan.", "Using the skills he learned as Ellie, Bear is able to trail the scent of one of the farm's animals to the Farm, where Ethan lives.", "Ethan, now an elderly man, decides to keep Bear, who he renames Buddy, and marries Hannah.", "Years pass, and Ethan suffers from an apparent stroke, and as he is dying suddenly recognizes that Buddy is Bailey.", "\"Publishers Weekly\" called \"A Dog's Purpose\" \"a tail-wagging three hanky boo-hooer\" and \"delightful\".", "\"The Long Beach Post\" praised Cameron's ability to get inside a dog's psyche.", "\"The Christian Science Monitor\" recommended the book.", "\"The Washington Post\" criticized Cameron for \"exploiting dogs' selflessness for his own mawkish ends\".", "The book was followed up by two sequels by Cameron, \"A Dog's Journey\" and \"A Dog's Promise\"." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 ]

[ "It chronicles a dog's journey through four lives via reincarnation and how he looks for his purpose through each." ]

[ "The narrator first starts out as a feral puppy.", "A few weeks later, after being nursed by their mother, a feral as well, the dog and his siblings Fast, Sister, and Hungry go outside of their den to explore the woods around them.", "Soon after, men come and capture them.", "The dogs arrive at a place called the Yard, where dozens of abandoned dogs reside under the guidance of a gentle old woman whom the narrator calls Senora.", "The narrator, named Toby by Senora, adjusts to his new lifestyle.", "One day, many of the newer dogs at the Yard are whisked off to a building (a veterinarian office).", "A new dog arrives, named Spike, who is very aggressive with the other dogs, and injures Toby.", "Not long after, animal control service agents arrive with orders to shut down the place due to poor sanitation and welfare conditions.", "Many dogs, including Toby, are subsequently euthanized.", "Toby now is reincarnated as a Golden Retriever puppy and is nursing from a new mother.", "A few weeks after birth, when Toby and his new brothers and sisters have matured enough, he and the others are allowed to play outside the cage.", "Toby climbs up onto a table and bites the doorknob, opening the gate to the outside world and leaving him to explore the real world.", "A truck driver picks up Toby on the road and calls him \"Fella.\"", "The man drives to a bar.", "After the man has been gone for several hours, Toby begins suffering from heat exhaustion in the cab.", "A woman breaks the car window, and rescues Toby.", "She brings him home, and presents him to her eight-year-old son, Ethan.", "Toby is renamed Bailey.", "Over the course of many years, Bailey lives a full life with Ethan, and accompanies him through many difficulties, including arson, which leads to Ethan permanently injuring his leg, and ending his promising athletic career.", "Ethan goes to live with his grandparents at their farm in Michigan so he can be with his girlfriend Hannah and finish his senior year in high school.", "Around that time, things are not going well in the family, with Ethan's injury, an eventual breakup with Hannah, and a divorce between Ethan's parents.", "Soon after moving, Ethan goes off to college, leaving Bailey with infrequent visits from him during the holidays.", "Bailey's health starts to decline, with him taking naps very often and being weak.", "Soon, Ethan's mother and grandparents take him to the vet, where he is once again put down.", "Bailey wakes up once again as a German Shepherd.", "Bailey, who realizes that he is now a girl, is picked out and named Ellie by a police officer, named Jakob, and trained to be a search-and-rescue dog.", "Jakob and Ellie find a kidnapped girl but while getting the man into custody he shoots Jakob, injuring him so that he can no longer be a policeman.", "Ellie then gets put into the care of one of Jakob's colleagues, Maya.", "After passing of old age, he is reborn but this time as a Labrador Retriever with Wendi, his new owner, who is ecstatic with her new pet, whom she names Bear.", "She cannot keep him because of a no-pet rule in her apartment building.", "Instead, she gives him to her mother, who is dating an alcoholic.", "Neither treat Bear very well, and the mother's boyfriend, fed up with the dog upon receiving a notice that he needs to provide better living conditions, ditches him on a country road.", "Bear recognizes his surroundings, having been there before with Ethan.", "Using the skills he learned as Ellie, Bear is able to trail the scent of one of the farm's animals to the Farm, where Ethan lives.", "Ethan, now an elderly man, decides to keep Bear, who he renames Buddy, and marries Hannah.", "Years pass, and Ethan suffers from an apparent stroke, and as he is dying suddenly recognizes that Buddy is Bailey.", "\"Publishers Weekly\" called \"A Dog's Purpose\" \"a tail-wagging three hanky boo-hooer\" and \"delightful\".", "\"The Long Beach Post\" praised Cameron's ability to get inside a dog's psyche.", "\"The Christian Science Monitor\" recommended the book.", "\"The Washington Post\" criticized Cameron for \"exploiting dogs' selflessness for his own mawkish ends\".", "The book was followed up by two sequels by Cameron, \"A Dog's Journey\" and \"A Dog's Promise\"." ]

[ 40 ]

[ "A sequel followed in May 2012, titled \"A Dog's Journey\", following the same dog after the events of the previous book." ]

[ "Velissariou was born in Ploiești, Romania, to Greek parents from Evia.", "He spent much of his boyhood in Ploiești.", "At the age of 19 he joined the Hellenic Army as a volunteer, while in 1887 he was promoted to Infantry Second Lieutenant.", "He acquired his first combat experience during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, where he distinguished himself at the battles of Melouna and Derven-Fourkas, covering the Greek positions.", "In the following years he was posted as gendarmerie commander in the island of Skopelos and in 1909 he participated in the Goudi military coup.", "First Balkan War\nWith the outbreak of the Balkan Wars, Velissariou was appointed commander in the 3rd Battalion of the 4th Infantry Regiment.", "At the Battle of Sarantaporo he managed to advance rapidly with his unit against the Ottoman forces and cut their withdrawal, causing general unrest to the enemy.", "After Sarantaporo he was placed as commander in the 9th Battalion of the 1st Evzone Regiment.", "Velissariou then was transferred to the Epirus front and was deployed at the east flank, in the Aetorachi sector.", "On February 19, 1913, the Greek headquarters ordered a general attack against the Ottoman fortifications in Bizani, which covered the city of Ioannina.", "The Evzone battalions of Velissariou and Georgios Iatridis penetrated rapidly north and managed to cut off the only escape route of the enemy troops with the capture of the village of Agios Ioannis, between Bizani and Ioannina.", "Soon the Ottoman headquarters in Ioannina, was unable to transmit any communication message to the Ottoman forts, causing major panic.", "In the following night, the units of Velissariou and Iatridis managed to capture 37 officers and 935 soldiers in their attempt to withdraw north.", "As a result, the next day, the Ottoman commander Esad Pasha surrendered, while Velissariou personally led the Ottoman delegation to the Greek headquarters.", "Second Balkan War\nVelissariou participated in the Second Balkan War against Greece's erstwhile ally Bulgaria, initially in the Battle of Lachanas and then in the Battle of Kresna Gorge.", "After the Hellenic Army managed to break through the Kresna pass, it captured the town of Simitli, while the battalion of Velissariou, together with two other battalions of the 1st Evzone Regiment, fought at Summit 1378, northeast of Simitli.", "Although the sector suffered constant attacks by the Bulgarian Army, the Evzones managed to repel them.", "During the time of 13–15 July, the Regiment suffered numerous casualties; Major Velissariou was one of the officers killed.", "He was buried near the battle site." ]

[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ]

[ "Ioannis Velissariou (, 26 November 1861 – 13 July 1913) was a Hellenic Army officer and hero of the Balkan Wars.", "He had a decisive role in the Battle of Bizani during the First Balkan War (1912–1913), forcing the Ottoman Army to surrender unconditionally." ]

[ "These regions are where language is located in the brain – everything from speech to reading and writing.", "Language itself is based on symbols used to represent concepts in the world, and this system appears to be housed in these areas.", "The language regions in human brains highly resemble similar regions in other primates, even though humans are the only species that use language.", "The brain structures of chimpanzees are very similar to those of humans.", "Both contain Broca's and Wernicke's homologues that are involved in communication.", "Broca's area is largely used for planning and producing vocalizations in both chimpanzees and humans.", "Wernicke's area appears to be where linguistic representations and symbols are mapped to specific concepts.", "This functionality is present in both chimpanzees and humans; the chimpanzee Wernicke's area is much more similar to its human counterpart than is the Broca's area, suggesting that Wernicke's is more evolutionary ancient than Broca's.", "In order to speak, the breathing system must be voluntarily repurposed to produce vocal sounds, which allows the breathing mechanisms to be temporarily deactivated in favor of song or speech production.", "The human vocal tract has evolved to be more suited to speaking, with a lower larynx, 90° turn in the windpipe, and large, round tongue.", "Motor neurons in birds and humans bypass the unconscious systems in the brainstem to give direct control of the larynx to the brain.", "The earliest language was strictly vocal; reading and writing came later.", "New research suggests that the combination of gestures and vocalizations may have led to the development of more complicated language in protohumans.", "Chimpanzees that produce attention-getting sounds show activation in areas of the brain that are highly similar to Broca's area in humans.", "Even hand and mouth movements with no vocalizations cause very similar activation patterns in the Broca's area of both humans and monkeys.", "When monkeys view other monkeys gesturing, mirror neurons in the Broca's homologue activate.", "Groups of mirror neurons are specialized to respond only to one kind of viewed action, and it is currently believed that these may be an evolutionary origin to the neurons that are adapted for speech processing and production.", "The language bioprogram hypothesis proposes that humans have an innate, cognitive grammatical structure allowing them to develop and understand language.", "According to this theory, this system is embedded in human genetics and underpins the basic grammar of all languages.", "Some evidence suggests that at least some of our linguistic capacities may be genetically controlled.", "Mutations in the FOXP2 gene prevent people from combining words and phrases into sentences.", "However, these genes are present in the heart, lungs, and brain, and their role is not entirely clear.", "It is possible that the human capacity for grammar evolved from non-semantic behavior like singing.", "Birds have the ability to produce, process, and learn complex vocalizations, but the units of a birdsong, when removed from the larger meaning and context of the birdsong as a whole, have no inherent meaning.", "Early hominids may have evolved capacities for similar, non-semantic purposes, that were later modified for symbolic language." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "The regions of the brain that are involved in language in humans have similar analogues in apes and monkeys, and yet they do not use language." ]

[ "These regions are where language is located in the brain – everything from speech to reading and writing.", "Language itself is based on symbols used to represent concepts in the world, and this system appears to be housed in these areas.", "The language regions in human brains highly resemble similar regions in other primates, even though humans are the only species that use language.", "The brain structures of chimpanzees are very similar to those of humans.", "Both contain Broca's and Wernicke's homologues that are involved in communication.", "Broca's area is largely used for planning and producing vocalizations in both chimpanzees and humans.", "Wernicke's area appears to be where linguistic representations and symbols are mapped to specific concepts.", "This functionality is present in both chimpanzees and humans; the chimpanzee Wernicke's area is much more similar to its human counterpart than is the Broca's area, suggesting that Wernicke's is more evolutionary ancient than Broca's.", "In order to speak, the breathing system must be voluntarily repurposed to produce vocal sounds, which allows the breathing mechanisms to be temporarily deactivated in favor of song or speech production.", "The human vocal tract has evolved to be more suited to speaking, with a lower larynx, 90° turn in the windpipe, and large, round tongue.", "Motor neurons in birds and humans bypass the unconscious systems in the brainstem to give direct control of the larynx to the brain.", "The earliest language was strictly vocal; reading and writing came later.", "New research suggests that the combination of gestures and vocalizations may have led to the development of more complicated language in protohumans.", "Chimpanzees that produce attention-getting sounds show activation in areas of the brain that are highly similar to Broca's area in humans.", "Even hand and mouth movements with no vocalizations cause very similar activation patterns in the Broca's area of both humans and monkeys.", "When monkeys view other monkeys gesturing, mirror neurons in the Broca's homologue activate.", "Groups of mirror neurons are specialized to respond only to one kind of viewed action, and it is currently believed that these may be an evolutionary origin to the neurons that are adapted for speech processing and production.", "The language bioprogram hypothesis proposes that humans have an innate, cognitive grammatical structure allowing them to develop and understand language.", "According to this theory, this system is embedded in human genetics and underpins the basic grammar of all languages.", "Some evidence suggests that at least some of our linguistic capacities may be genetically controlled.", "Mutations in the FOXP2 gene prevent people from combining words and phrases into sentences.", "However, these genes are present in the heart, lungs, and brain, and their role is not entirely clear.", "It is possible that the human capacity for grammar evolved from non-semantic behavior like singing.", "Birds have the ability to produce, process, and learn complex vocalizations, but the units of a birdsong, when removed from the larger meaning and context of the birdsong as a whole, have no inherent meaning.", "Early hominids may have evolved capacities for similar, non-semantic purposes, that were later modified for symbolic language." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "The regions of the brain that are involved in language in humans have similar analogues in apes and monkeys, and yet they do not use language." ]

[ "These regions are where language is located in the brain – everything from speech to reading and writing.", "Language itself is based on symbols used to represent concepts in the world, and this system appears to be housed in these areas.", "The language regions in human brains highly resemble similar regions in other primates, even though humans are the only species that use language.", "The brain structures of chimpanzees are very similar to those of humans.", "Both contain Broca's and Wernicke's homologues that are involved in communication.", "Broca's area is largely used for planning and producing vocalizations in both chimpanzees and humans.", "Wernicke's area appears to be where linguistic representations and symbols are mapped to specific concepts.", "This functionality is present in both chimpanzees and humans; the chimpanzee Wernicke's area is much more similar to its human counterpart than is the Broca's area, suggesting that Wernicke's is more evolutionary ancient than Broca's.", "In order to speak, the breathing system must be voluntarily repurposed to produce vocal sounds, which allows the breathing mechanisms to be temporarily deactivated in favor of song or speech production.", "The human vocal tract has evolved to be more suited to speaking, with a lower larynx, 90° turn in the windpipe, and large, round tongue.", "Motor neurons in birds and humans bypass the unconscious systems in the brainstem to give direct control of the larynx to the brain.", "The earliest language was strictly vocal; reading and writing came later.", "New research suggests that the combination of gestures and vocalizations may have led to the development of more complicated language in protohumans.", "Chimpanzees that produce attention-getting sounds show activation in areas of the brain that are highly similar to Broca's area in humans.", "Even hand and mouth movements with no vocalizations cause very similar activation patterns in the Broca's area of both humans and monkeys.", "When monkeys view other monkeys gesturing, mirror neurons in the Broca's homologue activate.", "Groups of mirror neurons are specialized to respond only to one kind of viewed action, and it is currently believed that these may be an evolutionary origin to the neurons that are adapted for speech processing and production.", "The language bioprogram hypothesis proposes that humans have an innate, cognitive grammatical structure allowing them to develop and understand language.", "According to this theory, this system is embedded in human genetics and underpins the basic grammar of all languages.", "Some evidence suggests that at least some of our linguistic capacities may be genetically controlled.", "Mutations in the FOXP2 gene prevent people from combining words and phrases into sentences.", "However, these genes are present in the heart, lungs, and brain, and their role is not entirely clear.", "It is possible that the human capacity for grammar evolved from non-semantic behavior like singing.", "Birds have the ability to produce, process, and learn complex vocalizations, but the units of a birdsong, when removed from the larger meaning and context of the birdsong as a whole, have no inherent meaning.", "Early hominids may have evolved capacities for similar, non-semantic purposes, that were later modified for symbolic language." ]

[ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 ]

[ "There may also be a genetic component: mutations in the FOXP2 gene prevent humans from constructing complete sentences." ]

[ "These regions are where language is located in the brain – everything from speech to reading and writing.", "Language itself is based on symbols used to represent concepts in the world, and this system appears to be housed in these areas.", "The language regions in human brains highly resemble similar regions in other primates, even though humans are the only species that use language.", "The brain structures of chimpanzees are very similar to those of humans.", "Both contain Broca's and Wernicke's homologues that are involved in communication.", "Broca's area is largely used for planning and producing vocalizations in both chimpanzees and humans.", "Wernicke's area appears to be where linguistic representations and symbols are mapped to specific concepts.", "This functionality is present in both chimpanzees and humans; the chimpanzee Wernicke's area is much more similar to its human counterpart than is the Broca's area, suggesting that Wernicke's is more evolutionary ancient than Broca's.", "In order to speak, the breathing system must be voluntarily repurposed to produce vocal sounds, which allows the breathing mechanisms to be temporarily deactivated in favor of song or speech production.", "The human vocal tract has evolved to be more suited to speaking, with a lower larynx, 90° turn in the windpipe, and large, round tongue.", "Motor neurons in birds and humans bypass the unconscious systems in the brainstem to give direct control of the larynx to the brain.", "The earliest language was strictly vocal; reading and writing came later.", "New research suggests that the combination of gestures and vocalizations may have led to the development of more complicated language in protohumans.", "Chimpanzees that produce attention-getting sounds show activation in areas of the brain that are highly similar to Broca's area in humans.", "Even hand and mouth movements with no vocalizations cause very similar activation patterns in the Broca's area of both humans and monkeys.", "When monkeys view other monkeys gesturing, mirror neurons in the Broca's homologue activate.", "Groups of mirror neurons are specialized to respond only to one kind of viewed action, and it is currently believed that these may be an evolutionary origin to the neurons that are adapted for speech processing and production.", "The language bioprogram hypothesis proposes that humans have an innate, cognitive grammatical structure allowing them to develop and understand language.", "According to this theory, this system is embedded in human genetics and underpins the basic grammar of all languages.", "Some evidence suggests that at least some of our linguistic capacities may be genetically controlled.", "Mutations in the FOXP2 gene prevent people from combining words and phrases into sentences.", "However, these genes are present in the heart, lungs, and brain, and their role is not entirely clear.", "It is possible that the human capacity for grammar evolved from non-semantic behavior like singing.", "Birds have the ability to produce, process, and learn complex vocalizations, but the units of a birdsong, when removed from the larger meaning and context of the birdsong as a whole, have no inherent meaning.", "Early hominids may have evolved capacities for similar, non-semantic purposes, that were later modified for symbolic language." ]

[ 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 ]

[ "There may also be a genetic component: mutations in the FOXP2 gene prevent humans from constructing complete sentences." ]

[ "Milonguero-style tango, also known as \"estilo milonguero\" (in Buenos Aires, known by name \"Estilo del centro\" because it originates from downtown milongas where dance floors were crowded) or \"apilado\" (piled up, stacked), is a close-embrace style of social tango dancing in which the focus is inward and the leg and arm movements are kept small.", "The style developed from and is appropriate to crowded dance floors.", "The term was coined by Buenos Aires-born tango dancer Susana Miller in the 1990s in the process of teaching others the kind of inwardly focused tango dancing that was practiced by veteran dancers in the social dance venues of central Buenos Aires, differentiating it from the more pronounced movements of outer Buenos Aires and other less crowded milongas, and especially to separate it from choreographed stage tango.", "In the milonguero-style embrace, the woman moves her left hand past her partner's right shoulder (where it would be in open embrace) around his neck and back to end up near his left shoulder, depending on the relative heights of the dancers.", "Her left arm will lie above the man's right arm with no space between them, but she will not hold tension in that arm—he should barely feel the weight of her arm.", "The two faces may touch, they will at least be very close.", "With a straight back she leans against her partner at a more pronounced angle than his, he leans slightly toward her but may appear to be standing upright.", "Rhythmically, the two will indulge in small adornments with the feet until just before the next beat, changing weight at the last possible moment.", "Barbara Garvey, the co-founder of the Bay Area Tango Association based in San Francisco, said that she and her husband Al saw in 1987 that \"a very simple form of close embrace was prevalent in the center of [Buenos Aires], but not in other barrios.\"", "This style was expanded upon by Pedro \"Tete\" Rusconi who was the first to teach close embrace in the US, joined by Susana Miller who gave the style its name.", "In 1994, Daniel Trenner taught at Stanford University's Tango Week, describing the Rusconi/Miller milonguero style as the only authentic Buenos Aires tango.", "From the late 1980s, a sense of tango community had been growing in the San Francisco Bay Area, and after '94 it adopted an emphasis on milonguero style, along with other forms of close embrace.", "By the late-1990s a milonga could be found in San Francisco on any night of the week.", "Traveling tango performers would appear at the dance venues after their shows, but they would change from show attire and style to salon-style dancing and more conservative clothing.", "However, from around 1996 when Madonna was in Buenos Aires making the film \"Evita\", women's dress at milongas grew more sheer and revealing.", "Also in the late 1990s but in Athens, the term \"tango milonguero\" came to represent a movement to recreate in Greece a sense of \"authentic\" Buenos Aires, with tango aficionados organizing Argentine-style milongas and encouraging a sense of community among the dancers.", "Relative to other styles of tango, milonguero style is sometimes viewed as restrictive and limiting, especially in the context of \"tango nuevo\" which emphasizes playful exploration and freedom of movement.", "On the other hand, milonguero-style dancers may regard with suspicion the nuevo-style introduction of electronic and other non-traditional music to the dance floor.", "Milongueros decry the sort of exhibitionism demonstrated by large movements and showy dance figures.", "Nevertheless, some practitioners and teachers have combined milonguero elements with a nuevo outlook to create \"milonguero nuevo\", a blend that is safe for crowded dance floors yet full of playful interaction between the two partners." ]

[ 0, 1, 2 ]

[ "Milonguero is a style of close-embrace tango dancing, the name coined by Susana Miller and Oscar \"Cacho\" Dante from the Argentine word \"milonguero\".", "\"Milonguero\" is a term for a skillful and respectful tango dancer who holds a reverence for the type of traditional social tango that is danced at milongas in Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "The two uses of the term do not coincide: many dancers who are considered to be milongueros do not dance milonguero-style tango." ]

[ "This was the 26th appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1908 (when there was a foil display only rather than a medal event).", "Seven of the eight quarterfinalists from 2008 returned: gold medalist Benjamin Kleibrink of Germany, silver medalist Yuki Ota of Japan, fourth-place finisher Zhu Jun of China, fifth-place finisher Peter Joppich of Germany, sixth-place finisher Andrea Cassarà of Italy, seventh-place finisher Erwann Le Péchoux of France, and eighth-place finisher Lei Sheng of China.", "The Italian team was highly regarded: Cassarà was the reigning world champion, Valerio Aspromonte had been the runner-up to him in 2011, and Andrea Baldini had won the world title in 2009.", "Germany also sent a strong team, led by defending champion Kleibrink and four-time (2003, 2006, 2007, and 2010) world champion Peter Joppich.", "Other contenders included Asian champion and three-time world medalist Lei and European champion Aleksey Cheremisinov of Russia.", "Croatia made its debut in the men's foil.", "France and the United States each made their 24th appearance, tied for most of any nation; France had missed only the 1904 (with fencers not traveling to St. Louis) and the 1912 (boycotted due to a dispute over rules) foil competitions, while the United States had missed the inaugural 1896 competition and boycotted the 1980 Games altogether.", "Nations were limited to three fencers each from 1928 to 2004.", "However, the 2008 Games introduced a rotation of men's team fencing events with one weapon left off each Games; the individual event without a corresponding team event had the number of fencers per nation reduced to two.", "Men's foil was the first event this applied to, so each nation could enter a maximum of two fencers in the event in 2008.", "The team foil was back in 2012 (épée the missing weapon for men), so the limit was three for 2012.", "There were 36 dedicated quota spots for men's foil.", "The first 24 spots went to the 3 members of each of the 8 qualified teams in the team foil event.", "Next, 7 more men were selected from the world rankings based on continents: 2 from Europe, 2 from the Americas, 2 from Asia/Oceania, and 1 from Africa.", "Finally, 5 spots were allocated by continental qualifying events: 2 from Europe, 1 from the Americas, 1 from Asia/Oceania, and 1 from Africa.", "Additionally, there were 8 host/invitational spots that could be spread throughout the various fencing events.", "Great Britain had already qualified one fencer in the men's foil (Richard Kruse, through individual rankings) and chose to use 2 of its 8 host places to bring its men's foil team up to 3.", "This made the total number of fencers in the event 38.", "The foil competition consisted of a six-round single-elimination bracket with a bronze medal match between the two semifinal losers.", "Fencing was done to 15 touches or to the completion of three three-minute rounds if neither fencer reached 15 touches by then.", "At the end of time, the higher-scoring fencer was the winner; a tie resulted in an additional one-minute sudden-death time period.", "This sudden-death period was further modified by the selection of a draw-winner beforehand; if neither fencer scored a touch during the minute, the predetermined draw-winner won the bout." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "Lei Sheng of China won the gold medal, beating Alaaeldin Abouelkassem from Egypt in the final.", "The 2012 podium was the first time since 1904 that no European fencer won a medal in the event." ]

[ "This was the 26th appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1908 (when there was a foil display only rather than a medal event).", "Seven of the eight quarterfinalists from 2008 returned: gold medalist Benjamin Kleibrink of Germany, silver medalist Yuki Ota of Japan, fourth-place finisher Zhu Jun of China, fifth-place finisher Peter Joppich of Germany, sixth-place finisher Andrea Cassarà of Italy, seventh-place finisher Erwann Le Péchoux of France, and eighth-place finisher Lei Sheng of China.", "The Italian team was highly regarded: Cassarà was the reigning world champion, Valerio Aspromonte had been the runner-up to him in 2011, and Andrea Baldini had won the world title in 2009.", "Germany also sent a strong team, led by defending champion Kleibrink and four-time (2003, 2006, 2007, and 2010) world champion Peter Joppich.", "Other contenders included Asian champion and three-time world medalist Lei and European champion Aleksey Cheremisinov of Russia.", "Croatia made its debut in the men's foil.", "France and the United States each made their 24th appearance, tied for most of any nation; France had missed only the 1904 (with fencers not traveling to St. Louis) and the 1912 (boycotted due to a dispute over rules) foil competitions, while the United States had missed the inaugural 1896 competition and boycotted the 1980 Games altogether.", "Nations were limited to three fencers each from 1928 to 2004.", "However, the 2008 Games introduced a rotation of men's team fencing events with one weapon left off each Games; the individual event without a corresponding team event had the number of fencers per nation reduced to two.", "Men's foil was the first event this applied to, so each nation could enter a maximum of two fencers in the event in 2008.", "The team foil was back in 2012 (épée the missing weapon for men), so the limit was three for 2012.", "There were 36 dedicated quota spots for men's foil.", "The first 24 spots went to the 3 members of each of the 8 qualified teams in the team foil event.", "Next, 7 more men were selected from the world rankings based on continents: 2 from Europe, 2 from the Americas, 2 from Asia/Oceania, and 1 from Africa.", "Finally, 5 spots were allocated by continental qualifying events: 2 from Europe, 1 from the Americas, 1 from Asia/Oceania, and 1 from Africa.", "Additionally, there were 8 host/invitational spots that could be spread throughout the various fencing events.", "Great Britain had already qualified one fencer in the men's foil (Richard Kruse, through individual rankings) and chose to use 2 of its 8 host places to bring its men's foil team up to 3.", "This made the total number of fencers in the event 38.", "The foil competition consisted of a six-round single-elimination bracket with a bronze medal match between the two semifinal losers.", "Fencing was done to 15 touches or to the completion of three three-minute rounds if neither fencer reached 15 touches by then.", "At the end of time, the higher-scoring fencer was the winner; a tie resulted in an additional one-minute sudden-death time period.", "This sudden-death period was further modified by the selection of a draw-winner beforehand; if neither fencer scored a touch during the minute, the predetermined draw-winner won the bout." ]

[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "It was the first medal in the individual men's foil for each of those nations." ]

[ "There is a large gap between generation and treatment of domestic waste water in India.", "The problem is not only that India lacks sufficient treatment capacity but also that the sewage treatment plants that exist do not operate and are not maintained.", "The majority of the government-owned sewage treatment plants remain closed most of the time due to improper design or poor maintenance or lack of reliable electricity supply to operate the plants, together with absentee employees and poor management.", "The waste water generated in these areas normally percolates into the soil or evaporates.", "The uncollected waste accumulates in the urban areas causing unhygienic conditions and releasing pollutants that leach into surface and groundwater.", "Sewage discharged from cities, towns and some villages is the predominant cause of water pollution in India.", "Investment is needed to bridge the gap between the sewage India generates and its treatment capacity of sewage per day.", "Major cities of India produce 38,354 million litres per day (MLD) of sewage, but the urban sewage treatment capacity is only 11,786 MLD.", "A large number of Indian rivers are severely polluted as a result of discharge of domestic sewage.", "The Central Pollution Control Board, a Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India entity, has established a National Water Quality Monitoring Network comprising 1,429 monitoring stations in 28 states and 6 in Union Territories on various rivers and water bodies across the country.", "This effort monitors water quality year round.", "The monitoring network covers 293 rivers, 94 lakes, 9 tanks, 41 ponds, 8 creeks, 23 canals, 18 drains and 411 wells distributed across India.", "Water samples are routinely analysed for 28 parameters including dissolved oxygen, bacteriological and other internationally established parameters for water quality.", "Additionally 9 trace metals parameters and 28 pesticide residues are analysed.", "Biomonitoring is also carried out on specific locations.", "The scientific analysis of water samples from 1995 to 2008 indicates that the organic and bacterial contamination is severe in water bodies of India.", "This is mainly due to discharge of domestic waste water in untreated form, mostly from the urban centres of India.", "In 2010 the water quality monitoring found almost all rivers with high levels of BOD (a measure of pollution with organic matter).", "The worst pollution, in decreasing order, were found in river Markanda (490 mg/l BOD), followed by river Kali (364), river Amlakhadi (353), Yamuna canal (247), river Yamuna at Delhi (70) and river Betwa (58).", "For context, a water sample with a 5-day BOD between 1 and 2 mg O/L indicates a very clean water, 3 to 8 mg O/L indicates a moderately clean water, 8 to 20 indicates borderline water, and greater than 20 mg O/L indicates ecologically unsafe, polluted water.", "The levels of BOD are severe near the cities and major towns.", "In rural parts of India, the river BOD levels were sufficient to support aquatic life.", "Rivers Yamuna, Ganga, Gomti, Ghaghara, Chambal, Mahi, Vardha and Godavari, are amongst the other most coliform polluted water bodies in India.", "For context, coliform must be below 104 MPN/100 ml, preferably absent from water for it to be considered safe for general human use, and for irrigation where coliform may cause disease outbreak from contaminated-water in agriculture.", "In 2006, 47 percent of water quality monitoring reported coliform concentrations above 500 MPN/100 ml.", "During 2008, 33 percent of all water quality monitoring stations reported a total coliform levels exceeding those levels, suggesting recent effort to add pollution control infrastructure and upgrade treatment plants in India, may be reversing the water pollution trend.", "Treatment of domestic sewage and subsequent utilization of treated sewage for irrigation can prevent pollution of water bodies, reduce the demand for fresh water in the irrigation sector and become a resource for irrigation.", "Since 2005, Indian wastewater treatment plant market has been growing annually at the rate of 10 to 12 percent.", "The United States is the largest supplier of treatment equipment and supplies to India, with 40 percent market share of new installation.", "At that rate of expansion, and assuming the government of India continues on its path of reform, major investments in sewage treatment plants and electricity infrastructure development, it was estimated India will nearly triple its water treatment capacity by 2015, and treatment capacity supply will match India's daily sewage water treatment requirements by about 2020.", "Water conservation in India is gaining pace.", "The Ganga rejuvenation efforts by the union government, the Yamuna clean-up are some of the government initiated efforts.", "The Chennai River Restoration trust's efforts to clean the Cooum, Adyar rivers in Chennai and civil society efforts spearheaded by organizations like Environmentalist Foundation of India (E.F.I) to clean lakes and ponds in the country are seen as significant development towards water conservation.", "A joint study by PRIMER and the Punjab Pollution Control Board in 2008, revealed that in villages along the Nullah, fluoride, mercury, beta-endosulphan and heptachlor pesticide were more than permissible limit (MPL) in ground and tap water.", "Plus the water had high concentration of COD and BOD (chemical and biochemical oxygen demand), ammonia, phosphate, chloride, chromium, arsenic and chlorpyrifos pesticide.", "The ground water also contains nickel and selenium, while the tap water has high concentration of lead, nickel and cadmium.", "Flooding during monsoons worsens India's water pollution problem, as it washes and moves solid waste and contaminated soils into its rivers and wetlands.", "The annual average precipitation in India is about 4000 billion cubic metres.", "From this, with the state of Indian infrastructure in 2005, the available water resource through the rivers is about 1869 billion cubic meters.", "Accounting to uneven distribution of rain over the country each year, water resources available for utilization, including ground water, is claimed to be about 1122 billion cubic meters.", "Much of this water is unsafe, because pollution degrades water quality.", "Water pollution severely limits the amount of water available to Indian consumers, its industry and its agriculture.", "More than 500 million people live along the [Ganges] River.", "An estimated 2,000,000 persons ritually bath daily in the river, which is considered holy by Hindus.", "Ganges river pollution is a major health risk.", "NRGBA was established by the Central Government of India, on 20 February 2009 under Section 3(3) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986.", "It also declared Ganges as the \"National River\" of India.", "The chair includes the Prime Minister of India and Chief ministers of states through which the Ganges flows.", "By an estimate by 2012, Delhi's sacred Yamuna river contained 7,500 coliform bacteria per 100cc of water.", "A number of NGOs, pressure groups, eco-clubs, as well as citizens' movements, have been active in their task to clean the river.", "Even though India revised its National Water Policy in 2002 to encourage community participation and decentralize water management, the country's complex bureaucracy ensures that it remains a \"mere statement of intent.\"", "Responsibility for managing water issues is fragmented among a dozen different ministries and departments without any coordination.", "The government bureaucracy and state-run project department has failed to solve the problem, despite having spent many years and $140 million on this project." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 ]

[ "Water pollution\nsewage.", "Most rivers, lakes and surface water in India are polluted due to industries, untreated sewage and solid wastes." ]

[ "There is a large gap between generation and treatment of domestic waste water in India.", "The problem is not only that India lacks sufficient treatment capacity but also that the sewage treatment plants that exist do not operate and are not maintained.", "The majority of the government-owned sewage treatment plants remain closed most of the time due to improper design or poor maintenance or lack of reliable electricity supply to operate the plants, together with absentee employees and poor management.", "The waste water generated in these areas normally percolates into the soil or evaporates.", "The uncollected waste accumulates in the urban areas causing unhygienic conditions and releasing pollutants that leach into surface and groundwater.", "Sewage discharged from cities, towns and some villages is the predominant cause of water pollution in India.", "Investment is needed to bridge the gap between the sewage India generates and its treatment capacity of sewage per day.", "Major cities of India produce 38,354 million litres per day (MLD) of sewage, but the urban sewage treatment capacity is only 11,786 MLD.", "A large number of Indian rivers are severely polluted as a result of discharge of domestic sewage.", "The Central Pollution Control Board, a Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India entity, has established a National Water Quality Monitoring Network comprising 1,429 monitoring stations in 28 states and 6 in Union Territories on various rivers and water bodies across the country.", "This effort monitors water quality year round.", "The monitoring network covers 293 rivers, 94 lakes, 9 tanks, 41 ponds, 8 creeks, 23 canals, 18 drains and 411 wells distributed across India.", "Water samples are routinely analysed for 28 parameters including dissolved oxygen, bacteriological and other internationally established parameters for water quality.", "Additionally 9 trace metals parameters and 28 pesticide residues are analysed.", "Biomonitoring is also carried out on specific locations.", "The scientific analysis of water samples from 1995 to 2008 indicates that the organic and bacterial contamination is severe in water bodies of India.", "This is mainly due to discharge of domestic waste water in untreated form, mostly from the urban centres of India.", "In 2010 the water quality monitoring found almost all rivers with high levels of BOD (a measure of pollution with organic matter).", "The worst pollution, in decreasing order, were found in river Markanda (490 mg/l BOD), followed by river Kali (364), river Amlakhadi (353), Yamuna canal (247), river Yamuna at Delhi (70) and river Betwa (58).", "For context, a water sample with a 5-day BOD between 1 and 2 mg O/L indicates a very clean water, 3 to 8 mg O/L indicates a moderately clean water, 8 to 20 indicates borderline water, and greater than 20 mg O/L indicates ecologically unsafe, polluted water.", "The levels of BOD are severe near the cities and major towns.", "In rural parts of India, the river BOD levels were sufficient to support aquatic life.", "Rivers Yamuna, Ganga, Gomti, Ghaghara, Chambal, Mahi, Vardha and Godavari, are amongst the other most coliform polluted water bodies in India.", "For context, coliform must be below 104 MPN/100 ml, preferably absent from water for it to be considered safe for general human use, and for irrigation where coliform may cause disease outbreak from contaminated-water in agriculture.", "In 2006, 47 percent of water quality monitoring reported coliform concentrations above 500 MPN/100 ml.", "During 2008, 33 percent of all water quality monitoring stations reported a total coliform levels exceeding those levels, suggesting recent effort to add pollution control infrastructure and upgrade treatment plants in India, may be reversing the water pollution trend.", "Treatment of domestic sewage and subsequent utilization of treated sewage for irrigation can prevent pollution of water bodies, reduce the demand for fresh water in the irrigation sector and become a resource for irrigation.", "Since 2005, Indian wastewater treatment plant market has been growing annually at the rate of 10 to 12 percent.", "The United States is the largest supplier of treatment equipment and supplies to India, with 40 percent market share of new installation.", "At that rate of expansion, and assuming the government of India continues on its path of reform, major investments in sewage treatment plants and electricity infrastructure development, it was estimated India will nearly triple its water treatment capacity by 2015, and treatment capacity supply will match India's daily sewage water treatment requirements by about 2020.", "Water conservation in India is gaining pace.", "The Ganga rejuvenation efforts by the union government, the Yamuna clean-up are some of the government initiated efforts.", "The Chennai River Restoration trust's efforts to clean the Cooum, Adyar rivers in Chennai and civil society efforts spearheaded by organizations like Environmentalist Foundation of India (E.F.I) to clean lakes and ponds in the country are seen as significant development towards water conservation.", "A joint study by PRIMER and the Punjab Pollution Control Board in 2008, revealed that in villages along the Nullah, fluoride, mercury, beta-endosulphan and heptachlor pesticide were more than permissible limit (MPL) in ground and tap water.", "Plus the water had high concentration of COD and BOD (chemical and biochemical oxygen demand), ammonia, phosphate, chloride, chromium, arsenic and chlorpyrifos pesticide.", "The ground water also contains nickel and selenium, while the tap water has high concentration of lead, nickel and cadmium.", "Flooding during monsoons worsens India's water pollution problem, as it washes and moves solid waste and contaminated soils into its rivers and wetlands.", "The annual average precipitation in India is about 4000 billion cubic metres.", "From this, with the state of Indian infrastructure in 2005, the available water resource through the rivers is about 1869 billion cubic meters.", "Accounting to uneven distribution of rain over the country each year, water resources available for utilization, including ground water, is claimed to be about 1122 billion cubic meters.", "Much of this water is unsafe, because pollution degrades water quality.", "Water pollution severely limits the amount of water available to Indian consumers, its industry and its agriculture.", "More than 500 million people live along the [Ganges] River.", "An estimated 2,000,000 persons ritually bath daily in the river, which is considered holy by Hindus.", "Ganges river pollution is a major health risk.", "NRGBA was established by the Central Government of India, on 20 February 2009 under Section 3(3) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986.", "It also declared Ganges as the \"National River\" of India.", "The chair includes the Prime Minister of India and Chief ministers of states through which the Ganges flows.", "By an estimate by 2012, Delhi's sacred Yamuna river contained 7,500 coliform bacteria per 100cc of water.", "A number of NGOs, pressure groups, eco-clubs, as well as citizens' movements, have been active in their task to clean the river.", "Even though India revised its National Water Policy in 2002 to encourage community participation and decentralize water management, the country's complex bureaucracy ensures that it remains a \"mere statement of intent.\"", "Responsibility for managing water issues is fragmented among a dozen different ministries and departments without any coordination.", "The government bureaucracy and state-run project department has failed to solve the problem, despite having spent many years and $140 million on this project." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]

[ "Water pollution\nsewage.", "Most rivers, lakes and surface water in India are polluted due to industries, untreated sewage and solid wastes." ]

[ "There is a large gap between generation and treatment of domestic waste water in India.", "The problem is not only that India lacks sufficient treatment capacity but also that the sewage treatment plants that exist do not operate and are not maintained.", "The majority of the government-owned sewage treatment plants remain closed most of the time due to improper design or poor maintenance or lack of reliable electricity supply to operate the plants, together with absentee employees and poor management.", "The waste water generated in these areas normally percolates into the soil or evaporates.", "The uncollected waste accumulates in the urban areas causing unhygienic conditions and releasing pollutants that leach into surface and groundwater.", "Sewage discharged from cities, towns and some villages is the predominant cause of water pollution in India.", "Investment is needed to bridge the gap between the sewage India generates and its treatment capacity of sewage per day.", "Major cities of India produce 38,354 million litres per day (MLD) of sewage, but the urban sewage treatment capacity is only 11,786 MLD.", "A large number of Indian rivers are severely polluted as a result of discharge of domestic sewage.", "The Central Pollution Control Board, a Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India entity, has established a National Water Quality Monitoring Network comprising 1,429 monitoring stations in 28 states and 6 in Union Territories on various rivers and water bodies across the country.", "This effort monitors water quality year round.", "The monitoring network covers 293 rivers, 94 lakes, 9 tanks, 41 ponds, 8 creeks, 23 canals, 18 drains and 411 wells distributed across India.", "Water samples are routinely analysed for 28 parameters including dissolved oxygen, bacteriological and other internationally established parameters for water quality.", "Additionally 9 trace metals parameters and 28 pesticide residues are analysed.", "Biomonitoring is also carried out on specific locations.", "The scientific analysis of water samples from 1995 to 2008 indicates that the organic and bacterial contamination is severe in water bodies of India.", "This is mainly due to discharge of domestic waste water in untreated form, mostly from the urban centres of India.", "In 2010 the water quality monitoring found almost all rivers with high levels of BOD (a measure of pollution with organic matter).", "The worst pollution, in decreasing order, were found in river Markanda (490 mg/l BOD), followed by river Kali (364), river Amlakhadi (353), Yamuna canal (247), river Yamuna at Delhi (70) and river Betwa (58).", "For context, a water sample with a 5-day BOD between 1 and 2 mg O/L indicates a very clean water, 3 to 8 mg O/L indicates a moderately clean water, 8 to 20 indicates borderline water, and greater than 20 mg O/L indicates ecologically unsafe, polluted water.", "The levels of BOD are severe near the cities and major towns.", "In rural parts of India, the river BOD levels were sufficient to support aquatic life.", "Rivers Yamuna, Ganga, Gomti, Ghaghara, Chambal, Mahi, Vardha and Godavari, are amongst the other most coliform polluted water bodies in India.", "For context, coliform must be below 104 MPN/100 ml, preferably absent from water for it to be considered safe for general human use, and for irrigation where coliform may cause disease outbreak from contaminated-water in agriculture.", "In 2006, 47 percent of water quality monitoring reported coliform concentrations above 500 MPN/100 ml.", "During 2008, 33 percent of all water quality monitoring stations reported a total coliform levels exceeding those levels, suggesting recent effort to add pollution control infrastructure and upgrade treatment plants in India, may be reversing the water pollution trend.", "Treatment of domestic sewage and subsequent utilization of treated sewage for irrigation can prevent pollution of water bodies, reduce the demand for fresh water in the irrigation sector and become a resource for irrigation.", "Since 2005, Indian wastewater treatment plant market has been growing annually at the rate of 10 to 12 percent.", "The United States is the largest supplier of treatment equipment and supplies to India, with 40 percent market share of new installation.", "At that rate of expansion, and assuming the government of India continues on its path of reform, major investments in sewage treatment plants and electricity infrastructure development, it was estimated India will nearly triple its water treatment capacity by 2015, and treatment capacity supply will match India's daily sewage water treatment requirements by about 2020.", "Water conservation in India is gaining pace.", "The Ganga rejuvenation efforts by the union government, the Yamuna clean-up are some of the government initiated efforts.", "The Chennai River Restoration trust's efforts to clean the Cooum, Adyar rivers in Chennai and civil society efforts spearheaded by organizations like Environmentalist Foundation of India (E.F.I) to clean lakes and ponds in the country are seen as significant development towards water conservation.", "A joint study by PRIMER and the Punjab Pollution Control Board in 2008, revealed that in villages along the Nullah, fluoride, mercury, beta-endosulphan and heptachlor pesticide were more than permissible limit (MPL) in ground and tap water.", "Plus the water had high concentration of COD and BOD (chemical and biochemical oxygen demand), ammonia, phosphate, chloride, chromium, arsenic and chlorpyrifos pesticide.", "The ground water also contains nickel and selenium, while the tap water has high concentration of lead, nickel and cadmium.", "Flooding during monsoons worsens India's water pollution problem, as it washes and moves solid waste and contaminated soils into its rivers and wetlands.", "The annual average precipitation in India is about 4000 billion cubic metres.", "From this, with the state of Indian infrastructure in 2005, the available water resource through the rivers is about 1869 billion cubic meters.", "Accounting to uneven distribution of rain over the country each year, water resources available for utilization, including ground water, is claimed to be about 1122 billion cubic meters.", "Much of this water is unsafe, because pollution degrades water quality.", "Water pollution severely limits the amount of water available to Indian consumers, its industry and its agriculture.", "More than 500 million people live along the [Ganges] River.", "An estimated 2,000,000 persons ritually bath daily in the river, which is considered holy by Hindus.", "Ganges river pollution is a major health risk.", "NRGBA was established by the Central Government of India, on 20 February 2009 under Section 3(3) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986.", "It also declared Ganges as the \"National River\" of India.", "The chair includes the Prime Minister of India and Chief ministers of states through which the Ganges flows.", "By an estimate by 2012, Delhi's sacred Yamuna river contained 7,500 coliform bacteria per 100cc of water.", "A number of NGOs, pressure groups, eco-clubs, as well as citizens' movements, have been active in their task to clean the river.", "Even though India revised its National Water Policy in 2002 to encourage community participation and decentralize water management, the country's complex bureaucracy ensures that it remains a \"mere statement of intent.\"", "Responsibility for managing water issues is fragmented among a dozen different ministries and departments without any coordination.", "The government bureaucracy and state-run project department has failed to solve the problem, despite having spent many years and $140 million on this project." ]

[ 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 ]

[ "Most rivers, lakes and surface water in India are polluted due to industries, untreated sewage and solid wastes." ]

[ "There is a large gap between generation and treatment of domestic waste water in India.", "The problem is not only that India lacks sufficient treatment capacity but also that the sewage treatment plants that exist do not operate and are not maintained.", "The majority of the government-owned sewage treatment plants remain closed most of the time due to improper design or poor maintenance or lack of reliable electricity supply to operate the plants, together with absentee employees and poor management.", "The waste water generated in these areas normally percolates into the soil or evaporates.", "The uncollected waste accumulates in the urban areas causing unhygienic conditions and releasing pollutants that leach into surface and groundwater.", "Sewage discharged from cities, towns and some villages is the predominant cause of water pollution in India.", "Investment is needed to bridge the gap between the sewage India generates and its treatment capacity of sewage per day.", "Major cities of India produce 38,354 million litres per day (MLD) of sewage, but the urban sewage treatment capacity is only 11,786 MLD.", "A large number of Indian rivers are severely polluted as a result of discharge of domestic sewage.", "The Central Pollution Control Board, a Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India entity, has established a National Water Quality Monitoring Network comprising 1,429 monitoring stations in 28 states and 6 in Union Territories on various rivers and water bodies across the country.", "This effort monitors water quality year round.", "The monitoring network covers 293 rivers, 94 lakes, 9 tanks, 41 ponds, 8 creeks, 23 canals, 18 drains and 411 wells distributed across India.", "Water samples are routinely analysed for 28 parameters including dissolved oxygen, bacteriological and other internationally established parameters for water quality.", "Additionally 9 trace metals parameters and 28 pesticide residues are analysed.", "Biomonitoring is also carried out on specific locations.", "The scientific analysis of water samples from 1995 to 2008 indicates that the organic and bacterial contamination is severe in water bodies of India.", "This is mainly due to discharge of domestic waste water in untreated form, mostly from the urban centres of India.", "In 2010 the water quality monitoring found almost all rivers with high levels of BOD (a measure of pollution with organic matter).", "The worst pollution, in decreasing order, were found in river Markanda (490 mg/l BOD), followed by river Kali (364), river Amlakhadi (353), Yamuna canal (247), river Yamuna at Delhi (70) and river Betwa (58).", "For context, a water sample with a 5-day BOD between 1 and 2 mg O/L indicates a very clean water, 3 to 8 mg O/L indicates a moderately clean water, 8 to 20 indicates borderline water, and greater than 20 mg O/L indicates ecologically unsafe, polluted water.", "The levels of BOD are severe near the cities and major towns.", "In rural parts of India, the river BOD levels were sufficient to support aquatic life.", "Rivers Yamuna, Ganga, Gomti, Ghaghara, Chambal, Mahi, Vardha and Godavari, are amongst the other most coliform polluted water bodies in India.", "For context, coliform must be below 104 MPN/100 ml, preferably absent from water for it to be considered safe for general human use, and for irrigation where coliform may cause disease outbreak from contaminated-water in agriculture.", "In 2006, 47 percent of water quality monitoring reported coliform concentrations above 500 MPN/100 ml.", "During 2008, 33 percent of all water quality monitoring stations reported a total coliform levels exceeding those levels, suggesting recent effort to add pollution control infrastructure and upgrade treatment plants in India, may be reversing the water pollution trend.", "Treatment of domestic sewage and subsequent utilization of treated sewage for irrigation can prevent pollution of water bodies, reduce the demand for fresh water in the irrigation sector and become a resource for irrigation.", "Since 2005, Indian wastewater treatment plant market has been growing annually at the rate of 10 to 12 percent.", "The United States is the largest supplier of treatment equipment and supplies to India, with 40 percent market share of new installation.", "At that rate of expansion, and assuming the government of India continues on its path of reform, major investments in sewage treatment plants and electricity infrastructure development, it was estimated India will nearly triple its water treatment capacity by 2015, and treatment capacity supply will match India's daily sewage water treatment requirements by about 2020.", "Water conservation in India is gaining pace.", "The Ganga rejuvenation efforts by the union government, the Yamuna clean-up are some of the government initiated efforts.", "The Chennai River Restoration trust's efforts to clean the Cooum, Adyar rivers in Chennai and civil society efforts spearheaded by organizations like Environmentalist Foundation of India (E.F.I) to clean lakes and ponds in the country are seen as significant development towards water conservation.", "A joint study by PRIMER and the Punjab Pollution Control Board in 2008, revealed that in villages along the Nullah, fluoride, mercury, beta-endosulphan and heptachlor pesticide were more than permissible limit (MPL) in ground and tap water.", "Plus the water had high concentration of COD and BOD (chemical and biochemical oxygen demand), ammonia, phosphate, chloride, chromium, arsenic and chlorpyrifos pesticide.", "The ground water also contains nickel and selenium, while the tap water has high concentration of lead, nickel and cadmium.", "Flooding during monsoons worsens India's water pollution problem, as it washes and moves solid waste and contaminated soils into its rivers and wetlands.", "The annual average precipitation in India is about 4000 billion cubic metres.", "From this, with the state of Indian infrastructure in 2005, the available water resource through the rivers is about 1869 billion cubic meters.", "Accounting to uneven distribution of rain over the country each year, water resources available for utilization, including ground water, is claimed to be about 1122 billion cubic meters.", "Much of this water is unsafe, because pollution degrades water quality.", "Water pollution severely limits the amount of water available to Indian consumers, its industry and its agriculture.", "More than 500 million people live along the [Ganges] River.", "An estimated 2,000,000 persons ritually bath daily in the river, which is considered holy by Hindus.", "Ganges river pollution is a major health risk.", "NRGBA was established by the Central Government of India, on 20 February 2009 under Section 3(3) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986.", "It also declared Ganges as the \"National River\" of India.", "The chair includes the Prime Minister of India and Chief ministers of states through which the Ganges flows.", "By an estimate by 2012, Delhi's sacred Yamuna river contained 7,500 coliform bacteria per 100cc of water.", "A number of NGOs, pressure groups, eco-clubs, as well as citizens' movements, have been active in their task to clean the river.", "Even though India revised its National Water Policy in 2002 to encourage community participation and decentralize water management, the country's complex bureaucracy ensures that it remains a \"mere statement of intent.\"", "Responsibility for managing water issues is fragmented among a dozen different ministries and departments without any coordination.", "The government bureaucracy and state-run project department has failed to solve the problem, despite having spent many years and $140 million on this project." ]

[ 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 ]

[ "Most rivers, lakes and surface water in India are polluted due to industries, untreated sewage and solid wastes." ]

[ "Mustelier played for Santiago de Cuba in the Cuban National Series (CNS), until defecting from Cuba in 2009.", "In seven CNS seasons, he batted .295 with 42 home runs and 235 RBIs in 295 games played.", "The New York Yankees signed Mustelier in 2011, giving him a $50,000 signing bonus.", "In 2011 and 2012, he played for several teams in the Yankees' farm system, reaching Triple-A with the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees.", "With an injury to Curtis Granderson in spring training in 2013, Mustelier competed for a position with the Yankees, but remained in the minor leagues, batting .272 for Scranton/Wilkes-Barre during the season.", "The Yankees released Mustelier on May 7, 2014, citing a need to find at bats for other players.", "For the 2014 season, Mustelier signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League; he batted .270 for them in 39 games.", "In July 2014, he joined Vaqueros Laguna, also of the Mexican League, where he batted .429 in 38 games.", "During his time with the Vaqueros, Mustelier was suspended 50 games without pay due to his failure to pass an antidoping test along with him testing positive for a banned substance.", "Mustelier did not play in organized baseball during the 2015 season.", "He signed with the Atlanta Braves on a minor league contract in November 2015.", "In 2016, he played for the Gwinnett Braves of the Triple-A International League, appearing in 117 games while batting .291 with five home runs and 50 RBIs.", "Mustelier was promoted to the major leagues as the Braves' 26th man for the Fort Bragg Game on July 3 against the Miami Marlins, and returned to Gwinnett the next day, without making his major league debut.", "He was released by the Braves on March 30, 2017.", "On April 18, 2017, Mustelier signed with the Leones de Yucatán of the Mexican League.", "With Yucatán, he played in 48 games while batting .318 with one home run and 22 RBIs.", "He was released on October 2, 2017.", "It was later revealed that Mustelier had been playing with the club as a naturalized Mexican citizen and not as a foreigner.", "However, after growing suspicion, an investigation was launched and it was discovered that Mustelier's passport was falsified.", "The Leones de Yucatán organization was forced to pay a $5 million peso (approximately US$250,000) fine for registering Mustelier's fake passport, and Mustelier was suspended for the rest of the season.", "On March 15, 2018, Mustelier signed with the Olmecas de Tabasco of the Mexican League.", "Mustelier did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the Mexican League season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "In 2021, Mustelier batted .268/.357/.338 with 2 home runs and 21 RBIs in 60 games.", "On January 4, 2022, Mustelier was released in order to make room for fellow Cuban infielder Lázaro Hernández on the Olmecas roster.", "On January 23, 2022, Mustelier signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League.", "In 29 games, he batted .299/.381/.433 with 3 home runs and 13 RBIs.", "Mustelier was released on June 17, 2022.", "Mustelier has a son, Ronny Jr., who lives in Cuba." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 ]

[ "He previously played in the Cuban National Series, and in Minor League Baseball within the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves organizations." ]

[ "Mustelier played for Santiago de Cuba in the Cuban National Series (CNS), until defecting from Cuba in 2009.", "In seven CNS seasons, he batted .295 with 42 home runs and 235 RBIs in 295 games played.", "The New York Yankees signed Mustelier in 2011, giving him a $50,000 signing bonus.", "In 2011 and 2012, he played for several teams in the Yankees' farm system, reaching Triple-A with the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees.", "With an injury to Curtis Granderson in spring training in 2013, Mustelier competed for a position with the Yankees, but remained in the minor leagues, batting .272 for Scranton/Wilkes-Barre during the season.", "The Yankees released Mustelier on May 7, 2014, citing a need to find at bats for other players.", "For the 2014 season, Mustelier signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League; he batted .270 for them in 39 games.", "In July 2014, he joined Vaqueros Laguna, also of the Mexican League, where he batted .429 in 38 games.", "During his time with the Vaqueros, Mustelier was suspended 50 games without pay due to his failure to pass an antidoping test along with him testing positive for a banned substance.", "Mustelier did not play in organized baseball during the 2015 season.", "He signed with the Atlanta Braves on a minor league contract in November 2015.", "In 2016, he played for the Gwinnett Braves of the Triple-A International League, appearing in 117 games while batting .291 with five home runs and 50 RBIs.", "Mustelier was promoted to the major leagues as the Braves' 26th man for the Fort Bragg Game on July 3 against the Miami Marlins, and returned to Gwinnett the next day, without making his major league debut.", "He was released by the Braves on March 30, 2017.", "On April 18, 2017, Mustelier signed with the Leones de Yucatán of the Mexican League.", "With Yucatán, he played in 48 games while batting .318 with one home run and 22 RBIs.", "He was released on October 2, 2017.", "It was later revealed that Mustelier had been playing with the club as a naturalized Mexican citizen and not as a foreigner.", "However, after growing suspicion, an investigation was launched and it was discovered that Mustelier's passport was falsified.", "The Leones de Yucatán organization was forced to pay a $5 million peso (approximately US$250,000) fine for registering Mustelier's fake passport, and Mustelier was suspended for the rest of the season.", "On March 15, 2018, Mustelier signed with the Olmecas de Tabasco of the Mexican League.", "Mustelier did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the Mexican League season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "In 2021, Mustelier batted .268/.357/.338 with 2 home runs and 21 RBIs in 60 games.", "On January 4, 2022, Mustelier was released in order to make room for fellow Cuban infielder Lázaro Hernández on the Olmecas roster.", "On January 23, 2022, Mustelier signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League.", "In 29 games, he batted .299/.381/.433 with 3 home runs and 13 RBIs.", "Mustelier was released on June 17, 2022.", "Mustelier has a son, Ronny Jr., who lives in Cuba." ]

[ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]

[ "He previously played in the Cuban National Series, and in Minor League Baseball within the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves organizations." ]

[ "The club was formed on 14 January 1971 by a group of former Nidelv IL members.", "The club played its first season in the 6. divisjon (seventh tier) in 1972, and won promotion the next year.", "After two decades at amateur level, the club earned some success under coach Roar Stokke, and was promoted from the fourth tier to the second tier, where they were fighting for promotion to Tippeligaen, and achieved a fourth place in the 1993 1. divisjon.", "Stokke resigned from his position in September 1995 after disagreements with the board of directors.", "In 1996, the club was relegated from the 1. divisjon, and have since alternated between the 2. divisjon and the 3. divisjon.", "The club won promotion from the 3. divisjon in 2008, after beating Tiller 4-3 on aggregate in the promotion play-offs.", "\"As of 14 July 2020.", "\"", "Source:", "Source:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

[ "The men's team currently plays in the 3. divisjon, having been relegated from the 2. divisjon in 2021.", "The club played on the second tier from 1993 to 1996." ]

[ "Nothing is known of Fleming's family or education.", "Fleming was a Member of Parliament for the constituency of Rochester, Kent in 1373 and 1386." ]

[ 1 ]

[ "John Fleming (fl. 1373–1386), of Rochester, Kent, was an English politician." ]

[ "Halpern grew up in a house in the woods in Sussex.", "He was inspired by the surrounding countryside, and by his parents' love of wordplay; they both solved cryptic crosswords regularly.", "His father Tony would make wordplay jokes at the dinner table every night, where meals would include toad-in-the-hole, renamed 'frog-in-the-bog', and a strawberry mousse dubbed 'pinky stuff', which became 'stinky puff'.", "An avid reader of nonsense poetry, and a fan of Monty Python, as a boy Halpern would write poems, stories and songs – and was a member of a band at school named Xerox, where lyrics were often chosen randomly by opening a dictionary while blindfolded and choosing random words.", "Two major events were to shape Halpern's early adulthood.", "His father died suddenly at the age of 53, when John was eighteen.", "The second event of Halpern's early adulthood was the death of his only brother, Paul, in a car accident.", "Paul had been John's best friend and he was saddened he never got the chance to fulfil his dreams.", "In his honour, John felt he must do everything he could to fulfil his own dreams as well as help others along the way.", "When Paul died at the age of 27, Halpern was 21.", "Not particularly academic, and often panicking in exams, Halpern failed to achieve the grades he wanted to study music or biology, and took a few menial jobs before reapplying for universities soon after his brother's death.", "At Canterbury Christ Church College he took a BSc in maths and music, though he very soon abandoned his lectures, instead devoting himself to practising writing cryptic clues.", "Halpern felt that \"The Times\" published elegant puzzles, whereas \"The Guardian\" crosswords contained more humour (especially those by his hero, John Graham, with the pseudonym Araucaria).", "Halpern realised that if he could create a puzzle that combined the best of elegance and humour, then he would be taken on by \"The Guardian\", his favourite newspaper.", "He chose the pseudonym Paul, in honour of his brother.", "Practising writing clues from early in the morning until midnight, seven days a week, Halpern forgot about his degree.", "He’d read it takes 10,000 hours to become an expert – so chose to do 20,000 hours.", "An entire crossword would be written, and the best clue only chosen to go in its replacement puzzle – the others would be discarded.", "That process would be repeated over and over again until he had a puzzle he thought was good enough, which he posted to 'Araucaria, care of The Guardian'.", "Amazingly, Araucaria replied, inviting Halpern to meet him – and that was the start of his crossword-setting career.", "After the publication of the first 'Paul' \"Guardian\" crossword on 19 April 1995, Halpern would supplement his crossword pay with full-time jobs, including a reporter on the \"East Grinstead Courier\" and from 1999 as a puzzle editor for Puzzler Media Ltd.", "All the time John was looking to get more crosswords published, across more UK national newspapers, the plan being to write cryptic crosswords full-time.", "In the years since 1995, Halpern has compiled crosswords for the \"Financial Times\" as Mudd, the \"Times\" (anonymous), the \"Telegraph\" as Dada and the \"Independent\" as Punk.", "Resigning from Puzzler Media in 2008, but still relatively shy, he was introduced to some personal development courses, notably from Landmark Education, now Landmark Worldwide.", "Immediate results saw Halpern able to envisage being able to make a difference in the world – and in the next few years he began developing wordplay courses, giving lectures, making TV appearances – and also delivering a TedxTalk at the Royal Albert Hall in 2013 about how wordplay can be used to bring people together.", "He married Taline in 2012.", "The couple have a son and now live in Brighton and Hove, UK." ]

[ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ]

[ "After completing a puzzle for the first time, he set about creating two of his own to send to his hero John Galbraith Graham, known as \"Araucaria\", and accomplished this two and a half years later.", "He now writes three or four a week for a variety of publications.", "In March 2012, Halpern and Graham hosted a crossword show at \"The Guardian\" offices." ]

[ "Halpern grew up in a house in the woods in Sussex.", "He was inspired by the surrounding countryside, and by his parents' love of wordplay; they both solved cryptic crosswords regularly.", "His father Tony would make wordplay jokes at the dinner table every night, where meals would include toad-in-the-hole, renamed 'frog-in-the-bog', and a strawberry mousse dubbed 'pinky stuff', which became 'stinky puff'.", "An avid reader of nonsense poetry, and a fan of Monty Python, as a boy Halpern would write poems, stories and songs – and was a member of a band at school named Xerox, where lyrics were often chosen randomly by opening a dictionary while blindfolded and choosing random words.", "Two major events were to shape Halpern's early adulthood.", "His father died suddenly at the age of 53, when John was eighteen.", "The second event of Halpern's early adulthood was the death of his only brother, Paul, in a car accident.", "Paul had been John's best friend and he was saddened he never got the chance to fulfil his dreams.", "In his honour, John felt he must do everything he could to fulfil his own dreams as well as help others along the way.", "When Paul died at the age of 27, Halpern was 21.", "Not particularly academic, and often panicking in exams, Halpern failed to achieve the grades he wanted to study music or biology, and took a few menial jobs before reapplying for universities soon after his brother's death.", "At Canterbury Christ Church College he took a BSc in maths and music, though he very soon abandoned his lectures, instead devoting himself to practising writing cryptic clues.", "Halpern felt that \"The Times\" published elegant puzzles, whereas \"The Guardian\" crosswords contained more humour (especially those by his hero, John Graham, with the pseudonym Araucaria).", "Halpern realised that if he could create a puzzle that combined the best of elegance and humour, then he would be taken on by \"The Guardian\", his favourite newspaper.", "He chose the pseudonym Paul, in honour of his brother.", "Practising writing clues from early in the morning until midnight, seven days a week, Halpern forgot about his degree.", "He’d read it takes 10,000 hours to become an expert – so chose to do 20,000 hours.", "An entire crossword would be written, and the best clue only chosen to go in its replacement puzzle – the others would be discarded.", "That process would be repeated over and over again until he had a puzzle he thought was good enough, which he posted to 'Araucaria, care of The Guardian'.", "Amazingly, Araucaria replied, inviting Halpern to meet him – and that was the start of his crossword-setting career.", "After the publication of the first 'Paul' \"Guardian\" crossword on 19 April 1995, Halpern would supplement his crossword pay with full-time jobs, including a reporter on the \"East Grinstead Courier\" and from 1999 as a puzzle editor for Puzzler Media Ltd.", "All the time John was looking to get more crosswords published, across more UK national newspapers, the plan being to write cryptic crosswords full-time.", "In the years since 1995, Halpern has compiled crosswords for the \"Financial Times\" as Mudd, the \"Times\" (anonymous), the \"Telegraph\" as Dada and the \"Independent\" as Punk.", "Resigning from Puzzler Media in 2008, but still relatively shy, he was introduced to some personal development courses, notably from Landmark Education, now Landmark Worldwide.", "Immediate results saw Halpern able to envisage being able to make a difference in the world – and in the next few years he began developing wordplay courses, giving lectures, making TV appearances – and also delivering a TedxTalk at the Royal Albert Hall in 2013 about how wordplay can be used to bring people together.", "He married Taline in 2012.", "The couple have a son and now live in Brighton and Hove, UK." ]

[ 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 ]

[ "John Halpern (born Cuckfield, Sussex, 1967) is a cryptic crossword compiler for newspapers including \"The Guardian\" (as Paul), \"The Independent\" (as Punk), \"The Times\", the \"Daily Telegraph\" (as Dada) and \"The Financial Times\" (as Mudd)." ]

[ "He was born to Fotios Adamantiades a teacher in Bursa in Ottoman empire.", "He became orphaned in an early age and raised by his uncle a metropolitan in Thrace and Turkey.", "He completed his high school studies in the Illustrious School of the Nation where he graduate with excellent grades in 1892.", "Then he visited Athens with the intent of becoming an engineer, but the Polytechnic of Athens had stopped its enrollments by the time he got there, so he enrolled in the Medical School instead.", "He returned in the Ottoman Empire where he practiced as a general practitioner from 1896 until 1911, Then he would travel to Paris where he would specialize in ophthalmology in the hospitals of Quinze Vingt and Hôtel Dieu until 1914.", "Upon his return he was drafted by the Ottoman Army because of the outbreak of the First World War.", "He remained drafted for one year and he was released due to a severe gastrointestinal disease.", "After the Greco-Turkish War of 1920 he was one of the refugees to come to Greece.", "There he was appointed head of the Ophthalmology Department of Hippocration Hospital – then known as Athens Refugee Hospital – in Athens, where he developed significant scientific activities.", "During the annual meeting of the Medical Society of Athens on November 15, 1930, Adamantiades presented \"A case of relapsing iritis with hypopyon\" identifying the three major signs of the so-called Adamantiades–Behçet's disease and insisting on a single clinical entity.", "In the same year, his lecture was published in the \"Proceedings of the Medical Society of Athens\", and in 1931 in the French journal \"Annales d'Oculistique\".", "In the year 1946, Adamantiades defined thrombophlebitis as the 4th major sign of the disease.", "Later, he presented the first classification of the disease by describing the ocular, mucocutaneous and systemic forms in a review work.", "He pointed out that the disease can occur for years as a monosymptomatic or oligosymptomatic disorder and that eye involvement and severe prognosis are more common in men than in women.", "In this work he also proposed the first diagnostic criteria.", "In addition to Adamantiades–Behçet's disease, Adamantiades described the interstitial keratitis in trachomatic patients to be a bacterial infection and classified the epidemic idiopathic hemeralopia.", "Further pioneer works were those on the marginal corneal degeneration, the posterior vitreous detachment, the measurement of the optic fundi and of the ocular pressure as well as investigations on trachoma, uveitis and the pathogenesis of glaucoma.", "Adamantiades compiled over 200 scientific papers (mostly in Greek and in French) many of which marked a new stage in his field.", "He also had a small contribution in the Center of Asia Minor Studies in Athens.", "He got married in an advanced age and his adopted daughter Ourania Ragkavi became the first female ophthalmologist in Greece.", "He died in 1962 in Athens." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 ]

[ "Benediktos Adamantiades (; 1875 in Bursa – 1962 in Athens) was an Ottoman-born, Greek ophthalmologist.", "To honor his major scientific medical contributions, Behçet's disease is often called Adamantiades–Behçet's disease after him." ]

[ "The company, Linden Mews Ltd, was formed by certain residents of Linden Mews in Notting Hill to buy the road, where in places the residents regularly historically parked on average one car per house which was all the space available.", "The exception was nos. 4 and 5 who owned a small garden as separate parcels of land (tenements) for parking beyond the end of the road since 1988 and in 1998 opened up part of the wall, affixing substantial gates to access it more easily.", "These two residents claimed an easement, and the company counterclaimed trespass seeking an injunction (and failing which an agreement to refrain from parking in the residents' yards at the end of the road in favour of their accepting its proposed levy of parking charges on the road it owned).", "The company said/argued:\n#Anything more, for free, than disembarking and unloading in front of their properties was not acceptable to it.", "#Hypothetically it would allow free access into any garage in any of the houses own plots, were such to exist.", "#It would require the payment by the various owners of substantial sums for them to park on the [i.e. its] carriageway.", "#Access of the far two residents' individual plots/\"parking spaces\" via the road would break the general principle in \"Harris v Flower\", reaffirmed in \"Alvis v Harrison\" (1991) against the implied enlargement of easements not for a change of use of land but rather for additional parcels of land.", "The two households argued:\n#Their easement by prescription (passage of time) to access their homes extended to the plots they owned at the end of the road, which they had later acquired.", "In the court below the judge in the Central London County Court found strongly for the private road company, granting them a restrictive injunction against Das and the other neighbour.", "Buxton LJ gave the substantive judgment with which the fellow two judges agreed.", "He held there was no easement for parking, but the judge had been wrong to award an injunction, and should have considered whether damages in lieu would have been more appropriate, and how much.", "The case was remitted back to the trial judge for a fresh exercise of his discretion as to whether an injunction should be granted following the guidelines set down by the Court of Appeal.", "The panel of three judges agreed a dominant owner (the residents) could only as of right use a right of way granted (or relying its period of exercise for obtaining it \"by prescription\") for the enjoyment and for the purposes of the dominant tenement.", "They could not use it for the additional land they acquired.", "The only automatically permissible enlargement of the dominant tenement would be an expansion of business, otherwise an express grant of easement would need to be negotiated, such as at a market price.", "This rule was upheld in \"Alvis v Harrison\" (1991) in the House of Lords, a Scottish case stated by the House equally to apply English law." ]

[ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "is an English land law case, concerning rights of way (a major type of easements)." ]

[ "Swafford was born in Tallahassee, Florida.", "He played his college golf at the University of Georgia.", "Swafford turned professional after graduating in 2011.", "He joined the Nationwide Tour in 2012 and picked up his first victory at the Stadion Classic at UGA on May 6, shooting a course record 62 in the final round.", "Swafford trailed Luke List by a stroke heading to the final hole of the tournament, but he holed out his bunker shot for a birdie while List bogeyed to give him the victory.", "Swafford was familiar with the course as it is his former college course.", "Swafford is a member of the Gridiron Secret Society.", "Swafford played in the Web.com Tour Finals in 2013 and finished 21st to earn his PGA Tour card for 2014.", "On January 22, 2017, Swafford recorded his first PGA Tour victory at the CareerBuilder Challenge.", "On September 27, 2020, Swafford won the Corales Puntacana Resort and Club Championship.", "He was playing with a Major Medical Extension after a rib injury and foot surgery.", "On January 23, 2022, Swafford won the American Express in La Quinta, California for his third career PGA Tour win.", "Hudson is the son of David and Jean Swafford.", "He graduated from Maclay School in Tallahassee, Florida before matriculating to the University of Georgia, where he received a B.S. in Consumer Economics.", "He is married to Katherine Wainwright Brandon.", "\"Results not in chronological order in 2020.", "\"\nCUT = missed the half-way cut<br>\n\"T\" = tied<br>\nNT =", "No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic", "CUT = missed the halfway cut<br>\n\"T\" indicates a tie for a place<br>\nC = Canceled after the first round due to the COVID-19 pandemic", "\"T\" = tied" ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ]

[ "He formerly played on the PGA Tour, where he won three tournaments, until June 2022, when he joined LIV Golf." ]

[ "The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) defines bus rapid transit (BRT) is a “rapid mode of transportation that can combine\nthe quality of rail transit and the flexibility of buses.”", "BRT systems can be designed for specific locations and conditions to incorporate any number of features to enhance bus priority traffic circulation and passenger convenience and can operate on exclusive bus lanes or shared roadways and can combine both limited-stops and skip-stops.", "Characteristics can include bus stops with kiosks for passengers to easily and quickly pre-purchase bus tickets to reduce boarding time, digitalized countdown timetables for real-time bus arrivals and bus information at the bus shelter and via internet websites.", "Roadways can have signal synchronization, queue jumping, changeable message signs and pavement striping included.", "Specific BRT branding (wrapping) and specialized vehicles for faster boarding and alighting can be used.", "New Jersey is the most densely populated state in the United States.", "In the early part of the 20th century, it was served by an extensive system of interurban and streetcar systems, which were replaced during the era of bustitution in the mid century, partially due to the phenomenon known as the Great American streetcar scandal.", "New Jersey Transit, created in the 1970s to take over Conrail commuter rail service, assumed control of several floundering bus companies in the 1980s, including the largest, Transport of New Jersey.", "The government agency has subsequently grown to be third largest provider of commuter rail, light-rail, and bus service in the nation.", "Additionally, numerous privately operated bus companies also provide regional and local service within the state and to New York and Pennsylvania.", "The Northeast Corridor runs diagonally across New Jersey between New York City and Philadelphia, cities to which many residents regularly travel.", "Additionally, commuters of Rockland and Orange counties, west of the Hudson River above the New York state line, and exurban towns in the Lehigh Valley and Pike County, Pennsylvania travel to or through the state.", "Real-time locating is a vehicle tracking or fleet tracking system using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology.", "NJ Transit (NJT) is expanding real-time service information for bus customers to all routes in the state using what has been dubbed \"smart bus\" technology that can provide real-time bus location and arrival information to web-enabled devices and to “next bus” signage at key locations.", "In February 2011, NJT authorized a $22 million contract with Clever Devices LTD to install devices on 1,040 buses serving NJT-operated routes.", "In November 2011, it authorized another $6 million for Clever Devices to equip NJT contracted bus routes with the devices.", "Completion of the installation is projected for 2013.", "More than 1,100 new buses coming on line during the period are pre-equipped, thus making the entire fleet \"real-time\" capable.", "Real-time customer use was begun with a pilot involving the Trenton and Princeton areas on routes numbered 600 in December 2012.", "The \"MyBus Now\" service allows those with smart phones and computers to access NJT's website to see in-transit buses and expected arrival times for those buses within 30 minutes of a bus stop.", "Commuters can also text MyBus (69287) with the stop and route number to get the arrival time of the next bus.", "The service was expanded in 2013 to more than 150 NJT routes for Atlantic City, Camden, Philadelphia, and intrastate routes in North Jersey.", "It will be expanded to buses traveling to the Port Authority Bus Terminal and the George Washington Bridge Bus Station in early 2014.", "NJT sells monthly passes, 10-trip discount tickets and single-fare tickets, which are accepted on most private and contracted buses as well as its own.", "Cash payment, with many routes being exact-fare lines, is also possible.", "except for departures from the Port Authority Bus Terminal, where since 2011 tickets or passes are required.", "In October 2011, NJT began a pilot project and become the first transportation agency in the USA enabling passengers to use Google Wallet, a contactless payment system, initially available at ticket vending machines at Port Authority Bus Terminal, New York Penn Station, Newark Liberty Airport Station and on certain Hudson County bus routes.", "In April 2015 NJT announced that using mobile phone apps to purchase tickets and passes system-wide would be completed.", "SmartLink is a smart card used by the Port Authority Trans Hudson, the rapid transit rail system linking Newark, Jersey City, Hoboken, and Manhattan.", "The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which operates the system introduced the card in 2007, as the initial step in creating a universal fare card for the New York metropolitan area.", "In 2006, estimates for New Jersey Transit to implement use of the card were $100 million.", "NJ has various policies to promote its \"smart growth\" strategy, intended to reduce urban sprawl and preserve open space, to reduce traffic congestion and travel times though decreased automobile dependency, to promote intrastate public transportation use, and to revitalize older urban and suburban areas through transit-oriented development.", "In 2009, NJDOT adopted a complete streets policy with one of its stated aims to make access to bus stops easier and safer.", "The areas targeted for BRT systems are commercial/commuter corridors or high density population or employment centers with a regional transit hub.", "Some are included in the state's Urban Transit Hub Tax Credit scheme which offers tax relief for developers and employers who relocate or build within walking distance from them.", "Others have been designated transit villages, meant to promote higher density, pedestrian/public transportation oriented development.", "In some areas traditional rural and suburban land-use have given way to corporate complexes and shopping malls.", "While there are express bus routes and some dedicated bus lanes within the state, the only specifically designed BRT system, the \"go bus\", runs through Newark, the state's largest city, to Newark Liberty International Airport and adjacent communities.", "Elsewhere exclusive bus lanes (XBL) and bus bypass shoulders (BBS) provide for bus priority traffic patterning.", "Other proposed BRT and BBS projects are in various stages of study and implementation.", "While some new systems are geared to improved access to Midtown Manhattan and Center City, Philadelphia most are oriented to developing a comprehensive network of intrastate travel.", "Newark is the largest city in NJ and lies at the heart of the Gateway Region and the Liberty Corridor, the extensive network of road, rail, shipping, and air transportation infrastructure radiating from Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal.", "In terms of number of buses in use and passengers served, the Greater Newark bus network is the 20th largest in the United States.", "NJT began service on the first BRT line, \"go bus 25\", in 2008.", "During peak periods, the line makes limited stops at eleven points between Newark Penn Station and Irvington, running for most of its length along the busy Springfield Avenue transit corridor.", "The second BRT line is part of the planned Liberty Corridor Bus Rapid Transit Service network.", "Funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the enhanced bus service was initiated in 2009.", "The $2 million project includes new bus shelters, signaling priority, and express-limited stop service.", "The \"go bus 28\" is a full-time service between the airport's North Area Transit Center, its three terminals, the city's central business or campus districts, Branch Brook Park, the Roseville neighborhood, and Bloomfield.", "Connections to Montclair-Boonton Line and Newark Light Rail (NLR) are possible on the line's northern segment.", "There are proposals to extend the service westward to Montclair University.", "A XBL in the vicinity of Newark Penn Station, origination point for numerous Greater Newark bus routes, was conceived in 2007 to improve traffic circulation and pedestrian safety and has been in place since 2008.", "The dedicated center bus lane is implemented in the PM rush hour to serve westbound buses along Raymond Boulevard between the station and McCarter Highway.", "The system includes traffic signal synchronization, changeable message signs and pavement striping.", "The Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix (Route 495) in Hudson County passes through a cut and descends the Hudson Palisades to the Lincoln Tunnel at the other end of which is the Port Authority Bus Terminal (PABT).", "Starting in 1964, studies were conducted to address the feasibility of an Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) during the weekday morning peak period.", "The XBL was first approved on a trial basis in September 1970, since buses from New Jersey would be stuck in the heavy congestion within the tunnel approaches.", "This bus lane was implemented in December of the same year, exclusively carrying buses during morning rush hours.", "Due to the success of the bus lane, it was made permanent after the year-long trial ended.", "The XBL serves weekday eastbound bus traffic between 6:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.", "It is fed by the New Jersey Turnpike at Exits 16E and 17, and New Jersey Route 3.", "The helix, tunnel, and terminal are owned and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the bi-state agency that also operates the contraflow lane along the left lane of three westbound lanes.", "The XBL serves over 1,800 buses, which transport more than 65,000 persons, each morning and is a major component of the morning \"inbound\" commutation crossing the Hudson River.", "Over 100 bus carriers utilize the Exclusive Bus Lane.", "New Jersey Transit operates fifty-seven interstate bus routes through the Lincoln Tunnel, as do numerous regional and long distance companies.", "The PABT is the gateway for most bus and jitney traffic entering Manhattan with around 225,000 passengers on 8,000 bus trips made through the tunnel and terminal on an average weekday.", "Despite the XBL to the tunnel, there are often long delays due to congestion caused by the limited capacity of bus lanes for deboarding passengers at the bus terminal, which has reached its capacity.", "This has led to re-routing and overflow on local streets In December 2011, the New Jersey Assembly passed a resolution calling upon the PANYNJ to address the issue of congestion.", "Thomas Duane, representing New York's 29th Senate District which includes the area around the PABT, has also called for reduced congestion in the neighborhood.", "A consortium of regional transportation advocates, the Tri-State Transportation Campaign, have proposed a reconfiguration and expansion of the terminal, a PM westbound XBL, bus stops at other Manhattan locations, and a new bus storage depot.", "Originally part of the PANYNJ 2007-2016 Capital Plan, construction of a bus garage in Midtown Manhattan, so that day-time turnover buses could avoid unnecessarily traveling through the tunnel without passengers, was scrapped by the agency in October 2011.", "In May 2012, the commissioner of NJDOT suggested that some NJ Transit routes could originate/terminate at other Manhattan locations, notably the East Side, an arrangement requiring approval of the NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) to use bus stops.", "In June 2013, the PANYNJ commissioned an 18-month Midtown Bus Master Plan study to address enhanced terminal and bus depot facilities.", "There have also been studies to add a second express bus lane.", "Shoulder lanes, or bus bypass shoulders (BBS), along Route 9 are a part of the express bus system in Monmouth-Middlesex.", "The highway is used by NJT's routes 63, 64, 67 to Hudson County, the 130, 132, 136, 139 to PABT, and Academy Bus to Lower Manhattan.", "In 2006, NJDOT reconstructed two stretches of shoulders and made improvements in signals and sidewalks for exclusive bus use during peak hours.", "The bus lanes, which run for approximately from just south of Sayreville in Old Bridge, are the first component of a planned BBS corridor in Monmouth and northern Ocean counties.", "The southern terminus of the extended BBS corridor would be in Lakewood, which along with adjacent Toms River saw major population between 2000 and 2010 and are now respectively the 7th and 8th largest municipalities in the state by population.", "As of 2011, a $588 million project for expansion of the segment of Route 9 in the towns was in a \"design concept\" phase with funding earmarked for 2016-2017 construction.", "Concurrently, studies are being conducted to explore the possibility of providing rail service to the region.", "Known as the MOM (Monmouth-Ocean-Middlesex) project various alignments are being considered as to where the line would join either the Northeast Corridor Line or the North Jersey Coast Line.", "An extensive analysis by consulting and planning firm Stantec released in 2010 includes recommendations regarding design, construction, and implementation of the BBS extension.", "The 2nd phase of the project would start at the project's southern end near the Lakewood Bus Terminal near Route 88.", "The third phase and final phase would connect the northern and southern segments passing through Freehold Township and proximate towns, where work would include some widening and deepening of the roadbed to handle bus traffic.", "Compressed natural gas buses were introduced in 2015.", "An early use of a BBS (originally called a BOS or \"bus on shoulder\" lane) is in Mountainside.", "Unlike most towns along Route 22, zoning in Mountainside does not allow for much commercial development adjacent to the freeway.", "For a stretch in the town, the eastbound shoulder on the arterial road can be used by peak hour buses and allows for queue jumping.", "In 2009, NJDOT funded construction of two bus turnouts along the road in nearby Union In 2012, NJDOT regulated the BBS as an exclusive bus lane from 6 to 7:30am.", "In 2003, NJT funded a BRT feasibility study to be conducted by STV for Route 1 in Mercer County.", "After assessments conducted in 2006 NJT and the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) determined that a BRT system would be appropriate and have since authorized various studies.", "The hub of the Route 1 Corridor BRT system would be Princeton Junction in West Windsor.", "The two trunks of system which would incorporate some of NJT's 600 series intrastate routes and would radiate from the intersection of the Princeton Branch rail line and Route 1 freeway.", "Princeton Junction is served by NJT's Northeast Corridor Line and as well as peak-hour Amtrak service.", "Parts of Route 1 are known as the Trenton Freeway and the Brunswick Turnpike in Mercer County, which travels between Trenton and New Brunswick in Middlesex County.", "While both cities are at the periphery of the system, the core of the Route 1 Corridor BRT would operate within a smaller area and use regional shopping malls as termination/origination points.", "The north-south axis of the BRT system would parallel the right-of-way (ROW) of the Princeton Branch, which runs for just under and is served by a shuttle called the \"Dinky\" between Princeton Junction and Princeton Station, located on the Princeton University campus.", "A greenway providing pedestrian and bicycle paths, as well as exclusive bus lane would be incorporated into the plan.", "While continued service on the branch is a component of the transitway, relocation of the Princeton Station has been a matter of controversy since at least 2006 when the university announced its intention to construct a new arts center calling for the adaptive re-use of current station house, the shortening of the trackage ROW, and the creation of new terminus to the south.", "Rail advocates fear that access to the new station would be less convenient, resulting in decreased ridership that would \"threaten the train's existence.\"", "The proposal has prompted protest from local residents, as well as students, faculty, and alumni and the creation of the organization \"Save the Dinky\".", "In October 2010, the Princeton Regional Planning Board passed a resolution supporting the continuation of train service.", "On October 3, 2011, the \"Save the Dinky\" and residents filed suit against the university and NJT to stop the move.", "Soon after the borough, township, and university entered into a memo of understanding in which the school promises to fund a transit study and provide other benefits in exchange for rezoning for the combine arts/transit project.", "The station house has been the property of the university since 1984, when it purchased it form NJT, with guarantees of public use.", "That year it was listed on the state (ID#1742) and national registers of historic places.", "In 2012, NJT requested abandonment of that public use from the State Historic Preservation Office, \"Save the Dinky\" contends that the move would breach the original agreement when the property was transferred, would cause inconvenience, and is poor planning.", "The university believes it is an improvement and necessary in order to redevelop the neighborhood.", "In April 2012, the university submitted revised plans for the arts and transit center, which calls for the extension of the station house onto the right of way for possible use as a restaurant.", "The Regional Planning Board has passed an ordinance requiring the land be preserved for transportation right-of-way that could eventually extend farther into the central business district at Nassau Street.", "The new station house plans would require the board's approval before construction could start.", "According to the university, trackage rights would have to change hands in order for the transitway to implemented.", "New Brunswick lies at the heart of Central Jersey and is a key transit hub for the region.", "The city is served by Amtrak and NJT on the Northeast Corridor, several NJT intrastate bus routes 800 series, the extensive Rutgers Campus bus network, the MCAT shuttle system, DASH buses, Brunsquick shuttles and NYC bound Suburban Trails buses.", "The hub of the New Brunswick BRT system would be New Brunswick Station in the city's central business district.", "It is located near the intersection of Route 18 and Route 27 which would function as the two major corridors for bus network that would connect downtown, residential neighborhoods, the five campuses of Rutgers University in the city and adjacent Piscataway, proximate communities, as well as to the proposed Route One BRT system.", "A BRT system in the Delaware Valley is part of a broader plan to expand a regional multimodal transportation network in adjacent Camden and Gloucester counties and across the Delaware River to the city of Philadelphia.", "Other elements of network would include additions and adjustments to PATCO Hi-Speed Line and Atlantic City Line and construction of the Glassboro–Camden Line, an extension or connection to the light rail River LINE.", "The region is served by NJT buses 400–499.", "The BRT component would be developed along the heavily traveled corridor comprising I-676, Route 42, and Route 55 \nThe southern end of the system would be a newly constructed park and ride in Deptford on Route 55 and an expanded one in Winslow with peak hour buses running at 10–15 minute intervals.", "Travelling northwest the two lines would converge to pass through downtown Camden, where transfers would be possible for other components of the network, including at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.", "They would then continue over the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, equipped with reversible or contra-flow lanes to a point near Philadelphia City Hall.", "Depending on approval and funding, the BRT system could be completed by 2020.", "In July 2012, NJT received $2.6 million in federal funding to advance the project.", "The opening of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) in 2000 and the increased use of jitneys, locally known as dollar vans, have greatly affected travel patterns in Hudson County, leading to decreased bus ridership on traditional transit corridors.", "After studies conducted examine existing systems and to address the changes in public transportation it was determined that BRT systems would be appropriate for certain parts of the densely populated urban core of northeastern New Jersey.", "Kennedy Boulevard runs the entire length of the peninsula that encompasses much of Hudson, its northern and southern sections meeting at Journal Square, the traditional hub of the county, and site of the Journal Square Transportation Center.", "The boulevard travels south from the square through the Bergen Section and Greenville in Jersey City to Bergen Point in Bayonne.", "Service along the corridor had been provided by privately operated Coach USA on two routes: the #10 local service and the #99s (with continuing service to Jersey City Heights and the PABT).", "Citing reduced ridership and increased competition the company in late 2011/early 2012, announced that it would abandon the routes.", "After negotiations service was continued in a diminished form and operated by Academy Bus under contract with NJT.", "The company's #4 route was taken over by A&C Bus Corporation.", "The routes have since returned to Coach USA in June 2021.", "The \"Bayonne / Greenville / Journal Square Bus Rapid Transit Study\", funded by NJTPA and the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders and conducted by Parsons Brinkerhoff, does not propose a dedicated bus ROW for the BRT, but similar to Newark's \"go bus\" or New York's Select Bus Service, using city streets.", "Its ultimate goal is to explore \"the feasibility of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) service along the north-south roadway corridors to improve bus service between Bayonne and Jersey City.\"", "It will examine the optimal location of boarding kiosks with scheduling amenities, appropriate vehicles, and branding and explore possible corridors on Broadway, Avenue C, Garfield Avenue, and Ocean Avenue and connections to the Staten Island-bound S89 bus at the HBLR 34th Street Station.", "As of March 2013, preliminary studies identified Kennedy Boulevard as the best potential corridor perhaps in hybrid route with Bergen Avenue and MLK Drive.", "In anticipation of a general increase of activity at Port Jersey and new development on West Side and Hackensack Riverront in Jersey City studies are being conducted to transform routes 440 and 1/9 into a multi-use urban boulevard that includes possible grade separations, meridians, and traffic circle, thus creating a viable BRT corridor.", "As envisioned, the BRT corridor would run from Droyer's Point and reach Journal Square via Sip Avenue.", "The proposed Union County \"go bus\" system is part of the planned Liberty Corridor Bus Rapid Transit Service network centered around Newark Liberty International Airport.", "The hub of the Union network would be the unused former Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) station in Elizabeth which is adjacent to the NJT's Elizabeth Broad Street Station that is served by the Northeast Corridor Line and the North Jersey Coast Line.", "Proposals call for reconstruction and better integration of the two stations as Midtown Station.", "The district has been identified as one of the state's major potential transit-oriented development (TOD) centers.", "The northern end of the system would travel through Midtown and the parking areas, the terminals, and freight shipping facilities and the North Transit Area at Newark Liberty, (partially following Union County Light Rail route plan that was scrapped in 2006).", "A spur on this portion would travel to Jersey Gardens, a regional shopping mall.", "In a southwesterly direction the system would utilize an abandoned portion of the CNJ's mainline, now the Raritan Valley Line (RVL), right-of-way between Midtown Station and the Aldene Connection ().", "A parallel greenway providing pedestrian and bicycle paths, would be incorporated into the plan.", "Once joining the RVL the busway would allow for transfers at Cranford Station and Garwood Station, where it would end.", "The \"go bus\" expressway would generally parallel New Jersey Route 28", "While served in part by rail, adjacent Bergen and Passaic counties nonetheless rely heavily on bus mass transit for public transportation.", "The Passaic-Bergen Rail Line is a now dormant project that would have created a cross-county (east-west) system using DMUs.", "The Northern Branch Corridor Project, advanced to environmental impact statement stage, is a planned extension of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail serving the eastern part of region closest to the Hudson Palisades.", "Various studies have been conducted and proposals have been made to create a comprehensive bus network, including the development of BRT routes concentrated in the vicinity of NJ Route 17, a frequently congested commercial and commuter corridor between the Meadowlands Sports Complex and the New York State line, running on a southeast-northwest diagonal between NJT's Main-Bergen and Pascack Valley rail lines.", "Of particular focus is the Hackensack/Paramus area, where there is a concentration of \"activity generators\" -shopping malls, colleges, hospitals, and government offices - both north and south of Route 4, an important east-west corridor.", "The intersection of Routes 4 and 17 is one of the busiest in the world.", "Largely \"built-out\", Bergen and Passaic are seeing a trend toward transit oriented development conducive to BRT.", "In the 2006 final report \"Route 17 Bergen Rapid Transit Study\" STV Incorporated proposed two BRT lines would have originated/terminated at Secaucus Junction, a major NJT rail interchange station between New York Penn Station and Newark Penn Station.", "At the time Access to the Region's Core (ARC), an extensive rail infrastructure project which included new Hudson River tunnel was in its planning stages with the presumption it would be built.", "ARC was canceled in 2010.", "The Blue Route would have travelled from the northern part of the county and then run express from Hackensack along Interstate 80 and the New Jersey Turnpike.", "The Orange Route would have travelled from Paramus through the southern part of the county.", "Initiated in 2009 with the participation NJTPA, NJT, and Coach USA, a wide-ranging \"Northeast New Jersey Metro Mobility Study\" is examining improvements to bus service in bi-county region and proximate areas in Essex, Hudson, Orange, Rockland and Manhattan.", "Particular attention is given to the plaza, bridge and bus station named for George Washington.", "Potential improvements include new and restructured bus and shuttle routes; vanpool, carpool, or other non-traditional transit programs and subsidies; BBS lanes, queue jumping, and transit signal priority to expedite buses through congested intersections; new or enhanced park and ride facilities and transit hubs; improved passenger facilities and access at bus stops; and informational enhancements and better coordination of various transit services.", "In 2012, NJDOT allocated nearly $1million in funding.", "In 2010, Parsons Brinkerhoff's \"Vision Bergen: Blueprint For Our Future Networking Transportation To Make It Work Route 17\" identified a number of trunk and branch BRT routes for the county, and recommended the Blue Route as the best alternative for a pilot project.", "It is estimated that implementing the route would cost $45 million.", "In October 2011, NJT said that there is no funding available for implementation of a BRT system, but that a study would establish an \"action plan\" should any become available.", "In November 2011 the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders and NJT agreed jointly fund $600,000 for the \"Bus Rapid Transit Implementation Study\", the purpose of which is to identify two or more BRT routes and enhancements between bus and rail service.", "The study addresses changing travel patterns, particularly the fact that nearly 60% of commuter trips are made within the county.", "In June 2014, it was announced that five \"preferred\" routes had been established.", "Two originate/terminate at the Port Authority Bus Terminal, with one travelling along the Hudson Waterfront and local streets to Garden State Plaza and the other along Route 17 to the Montvale Park & Ride.", "Two originate/terminate a Secaucus Junction, one to Bergen Community College via Route 17 and one to Englewood Hospital via local streets and the New Jersey Turnpike.", "The fifth route would travel between Broadway Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station along Route 4 Parson Brinkerhoof intends to bring out it recommendations from the study in January 2015.", "In November 2014, it was announced that three potential routes would be studied:", "In September 2017, a new study was released which identified four (A,B,C,D) preferred BRT routes.", "The New Meadowlands plan was developed in response to the effects of Hurricane Sandy in towns in the New Jersey Meadowlands.", "The proposed Meadowband would be a series of berms constructed along the perimeter of the Meadowlnds District in Bergen and Hudson.", "The raised areas would provide flood mitigation in the Hackensack River floodplain and would provide new corridors for the development of BRT systems in the region.", "The first phase, funded with $150 million by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), will begin with construction of berms in Little Ferry, Moonachie, Carlstadt, and Teterboro in 2014-2015.", "In 2014 the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority completed a study for guidance for the implementation of BRT and BRT-like services along previously-identified potential BRT corridors in North Jersey.", "The analysis considers various types of systems and conditions such as: urban, suburban, grade separated, and rural/hybrid rights of ways." ]

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[ "Bus rapid transit in New Jersey comprises limited-stop bus service, exclusive bus lanes (XBL) and bus bypass shoulders (BBS).", "Under the banner \"Next Generation Bus\" New Jersey Transit (NJT), the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), and the metropolitan planning organizations of New Jersey (MPO) which recommend and authorize transportation projects are undertaking the creation of several additional bus rapid transit systems (BRT) in the state.", "In 2011, NJT announced that it would equip its entire bus fleet with devices for real-time locating, thus creating the basis for \"next bus\" scheduling information at bus shelters.", "The introduction and expanded use of bus rapid transit in Garden State is part of worldwide phenomenon to bring mass transit to heavily trafficked corridors in both high and medium density areas as a cost-saving, and sometimes more flexible, alternative to rail transportation, thus reducing automobile dependency and traffic congestion." ]

[ "The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) defines bus rapid transit (BRT) is a “rapid mode of transportation that can combine\nthe quality of rail transit and the flexibility of buses.”", "BRT systems can be designed for specific locations and conditions to incorporate any number of features to enhance bus priority traffic circulation and passenger convenience and can operate on exclusive bus lanes or shared roadways and can combine both limited-stops and skip-stops.", "Characteristics can include bus stops with kiosks for passengers to easily and quickly pre-purchase bus tickets to reduce boarding time, digitalized countdown timetables for real-time bus arrivals and bus information at the bus shelter and via internet websites.", "Roadways can have signal synchronization, queue jumping, changeable message signs and pavement striping included.", "Specific BRT branding (wrapping) and specialized vehicles for faster boarding and alighting can be used.", "New Jersey is the most densely populated state in the United States.", "In the early part of the 20th century, it was served by an extensive system of interurban and streetcar systems, which were replaced during the era of bustitution in the mid century, partially due to the phenomenon known as the Great American streetcar scandal.", "New Jersey Transit, created in the 1970s to take over Conrail commuter rail service, assumed control of several floundering bus companies in the 1980s, including the largest, Transport of New Jersey.", "The government agency has subsequently grown to be third largest provider of commuter rail, light-rail, and bus service in the nation.", "Additionally, numerous privately operated bus companies also provide regional and local service within the state and to New York and Pennsylvania.", "The Northeast Corridor runs diagonally across New Jersey between New York City and Philadelphia, cities to which many residents regularly travel.", "Additionally, commuters of Rockland and Orange counties, west of the Hudson River above the New York state line, and exurban towns in the Lehigh Valley and Pike County, Pennsylvania travel to or through the state.", "Real-time locating is a vehicle tracking or fleet tracking system using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology.", "NJ Transit (NJT) is expanding real-time service information for bus customers to all routes in the state using what has been dubbed \"smart bus\" technology that can provide real-time bus location and arrival information to web-enabled devices and to “next bus” signage at key locations.", "In February 2011, NJT authorized a $22 million contract with Clever Devices LTD to install devices on 1,040 buses serving NJT-operated routes.", "In November 2011, it authorized another $6 million for Clever Devices to equip NJT contracted bus routes with the devices.", "Completion of the installation is projected for 2013.", "More than 1,100 new buses coming on line during the period are pre-equipped, thus making the entire fleet \"real-time\" capable.", "Real-time customer use was begun with a pilot involving the Trenton and Princeton areas on routes numbered 600 in December 2012.", "The \"MyBus Now\" service allows those with smart phones and computers to access NJT's website to see in-transit buses and expected arrival times for those buses within 30 minutes of a bus stop.", "Commuters can also text MyBus (69287) with the stop and route number to get the arrival time of the next bus.", "The service was expanded in 2013 to more than 150 NJT routes for Atlantic City, Camden, Philadelphia, and intrastate routes in North Jersey.", "It will be expanded to buses traveling to the Port Authority Bus Terminal and the George Washington Bridge Bus Station in early 2014.", "NJT sells monthly passes, 10-trip discount tickets and single-fare tickets, which are accepted on most private and contracted buses as well as its own.", "Cash payment, with many routes being exact-fare lines, is also possible.", "except for departures from the Port Authority Bus Terminal, where since 2011 tickets or passes are required.", "In October 2011, NJT began a pilot project and become the first transportation agency in the USA enabling passengers to use Google Wallet, a contactless payment system, initially available at ticket vending machines at Port Authority Bus Terminal, New York Penn Station, Newark Liberty Airport Station and on certain Hudson County bus routes.", "In April 2015 NJT announced that using mobile phone apps to purchase tickets and passes system-wide would be completed.", "SmartLink is a smart card used by the Port Authority Trans Hudson, the rapid transit rail system linking Newark, Jersey City, Hoboken, and Manhattan.", "The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which operates the system introduced the card in 2007, as the initial step in creating a universal fare card for the New York metropolitan area.", "In 2006, estimates for New Jersey Transit to implement use of the card were $100 million.", "NJ has various policies to promote its \"smart growth\" strategy, intended to reduce urban sprawl and preserve open space, to reduce traffic congestion and travel times though decreased automobile dependency, to promote intrastate public transportation use, and to revitalize older urban and suburban areas through transit-oriented development.", "In 2009, NJDOT adopted a complete streets policy with one of its stated aims to make access to bus stops easier and safer.", "The areas targeted for BRT systems are commercial/commuter corridors or high density population or employment centers with a regional transit hub.", "Some are included in the state's Urban Transit Hub Tax Credit scheme which offers tax relief for developers and employers who relocate or build within walking distance from them.", "Others have been designated transit villages, meant to promote higher density, pedestrian/public transportation oriented development.", "In some areas traditional rural and suburban land-use have given way to corporate complexes and shopping malls.", "While there are express bus routes and some dedicated bus lanes within the state, the only specifically designed BRT system, the \"go bus\", runs through Newark, the state's largest city, to Newark Liberty International Airport and adjacent communities.", "Elsewhere exclusive bus lanes (XBL) and bus bypass shoulders (BBS) provide for bus priority traffic patterning.", "Other proposed BRT and BBS projects are in various stages of study and implementation.", "While some new systems are geared to improved access to Midtown Manhattan and Center City, Philadelphia most are oriented to developing a comprehensive network of intrastate travel.", "Newark is the largest city in NJ and lies at the heart of the Gateway Region and the Liberty Corridor, the extensive network of road, rail, shipping, and air transportation infrastructure radiating from Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal.", "In terms of number of buses in use and passengers served, the Greater Newark bus network is the 20th largest in the United States.", "NJT began service on the first BRT line, \"go bus 25\", in 2008.", "During peak periods, the line makes limited stops at eleven points between Newark Penn Station and Irvington, running for most of its length along the busy Springfield Avenue transit corridor.", "The second BRT line is part of the planned Liberty Corridor Bus Rapid Transit Service network.", "Funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the enhanced bus service was initiated in 2009.", "The $2 million project includes new bus shelters, signaling priority, and express-limited stop service.", "The \"go bus 28\" is a full-time service between the airport's North Area Transit Center, its three terminals, the city's central business or campus districts, Branch Brook Park, the Roseville neighborhood, and Bloomfield.", "Connections to Montclair-Boonton Line and Newark Light Rail (NLR) are possible on the line's northern segment.", "There are proposals to extend the service westward to Montclair University.", "A XBL in the vicinity of Newark Penn Station, origination point for numerous Greater Newark bus routes, was conceived in 2007 to improve traffic circulation and pedestrian safety and has been in place since 2008.", "The dedicated center bus lane is implemented in the PM rush hour to serve westbound buses along Raymond Boulevard between the station and McCarter Highway.", "The system includes traffic signal synchronization, changeable message signs and pavement striping.", "The Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix (Route 495) in Hudson County passes through a cut and descends the Hudson Palisades to the Lincoln Tunnel at the other end of which is the Port Authority Bus Terminal (PABT).", "Starting in 1964, studies were conducted to address the feasibility of an Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) during the weekday morning peak period.", "The XBL was first approved on a trial basis in September 1970, since buses from New Jersey would be stuck in the heavy congestion within the tunnel approaches.", "This bus lane was implemented in December of the same year, exclusively carrying buses during morning rush hours.", "Due to the success of the bus lane, it was made permanent after the year-long trial ended.", "The XBL serves weekday eastbound bus traffic between 6:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.", "It is fed by the New Jersey Turnpike at Exits 16E and 17, and New Jersey Route 3.", "The helix, tunnel, and terminal are owned and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the bi-state agency that also operates the contraflow lane along the left lane of three westbound lanes.", "The XBL serves over 1,800 buses, which transport more than 65,000 persons, each morning and is a major component of the morning \"inbound\" commutation crossing the Hudson River.", "Over 100 bus carriers utilize the Exclusive Bus Lane.", "New Jersey Transit operates fifty-seven interstate bus routes through the Lincoln Tunnel, as do numerous regional and long distance companies.", "The PABT is the gateway for most bus and jitney traffic entering Manhattan with around 225,000 passengers on 8,000 bus trips made through the tunnel and terminal on an average weekday.", "Despite the XBL to the tunnel, there are often long delays due to congestion caused by the limited capacity of bus lanes for deboarding passengers at the bus terminal, which has reached its capacity.", "This has led to re-routing and overflow on local streets In December 2011, the New Jersey Assembly passed a resolution calling upon the PANYNJ to address the issue of congestion.", "Thomas Duane, representing New York's 29th Senate District which includes the area around the PABT, has also called for reduced congestion in the neighborhood.", "A consortium of regional transportation advocates, the Tri-State Transportation Campaign, have proposed a reconfiguration and expansion of the terminal, a PM westbound XBL, bus stops at other Manhattan locations, and a new bus storage depot.", "Originally part of the PANYNJ 2007-2016 Capital Plan, construction of a bus garage in Midtown Manhattan, so that day-time turnover buses could avoid unnecessarily traveling through the tunnel without passengers, was scrapped by the agency in October 2011.", "In May 2012, the commissioner of NJDOT suggested that some NJ Transit routes could originate/terminate at other Manhattan locations, notably the East Side, an arrangement requiring approval of the NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) to use bus stops.", "In June 2013, the PANYNJ commissioned an 18-month Midtown Bus Master Plan study to address enhanced terminal and bus depot facilities.", "There have also been studies to add a second express bus lane.", "Shoulder lanes, or bus bypass shoulders (BBS), along Route 9 are a part of the express bus system in Monmouth-Middlesex.", "The highway is used by NJT's routes 63, 64, 67 to Hudson County, the 130, 132, 136, 139 to PABT, and Academy Bus to Lower Manhattan.", "In 2006, NJDOT reconstructed two stretches of shoulders and made improvements in signals and sidewalks for exclusive bus use during peak hours.", "The bus lanes, which run for approximately from just south of Sayreville in Old Bridge, are the first component of a planned BBS corridor in Monmouth and northern Ocean counties.", "The southern terminus of the extended BBS corridor would be in Lakewood, which along with adjacent Toms River saw major population between 2000 and 2010 and are now respectively the 7th and 8th largest municipalities in the state by population.", "As of 2011, a $588 million project for expansion of the segment of Route 9 in the towns was in a \"design concept\" phase with funding earmarked for 2016-2017 construction.", "Concurrently, studies are being conducted to explore the possibility of providing rail service to the region.", "Known as the MOM (Monmouth-Ocean-Middlesex) project various alignments are being considered as to where the line would join either the Northeast Corridor Line or the North Jersey Coast Line.", "An extensive analysis by consulting and planning firm Stantec released in 2010 includes recommendations regarding design, construction, and implementation of the BBS extension.", "The 2nd phase of the project would start at the project's southern end near the Lakewood Bus Terminal near Route 88.", "The third phase and final phase would connect the northern and southern segments passing through Freehold Township and proximate towns, where work would include some widening and deepening of the roadbed to handle bus traffic.", "Compressed natural gas buses were introduced in 2015.", "An early use of a BBS (originally called a BOS or \"bus on shoulder\" lane) is in Mountainside.", "Unlike most towns along Route 22, zoning in Mountainside does not allow for much commercial development adjacent to the freeway.", "For a stretch in the town, the eastbound shoulder on the arterial road can be used by peak hour buses and allows for queue jumping.", "In 2009, NJDOT funded construction of two bus turnouts along the road in nearby Union In 2012, NJDOT regulated the BBS as an exclusive bus lane from 6 to 7:30am.", "In 2003, NJT funded a BRT feasibility study to be conducted by STV for Route 1 in Mercer County.", "After assessments conducted in 2006 NJT and the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) determined that a BRT system would be appropriate and have since authorized various studies.", "The hub of the Route 1 Corridor BRT system would be Princeton Junction in West Windsor.", "The two trunks of system which would incorporate some of NJT's 600 series intrastate routes and would radiate from the intersection of the Princeton Branch rail line and Route 1 freeway.", "Princeton Junction is served by NJT's Northeast Corridor Line and as well as peak-hour Amtrak service.", "Parts of Route 1 are known as the Trenton Freeway and the Brunswick Turnpike in Mercer County, which travels between Trenton and New Brunswick in Middlesex County.", "While both cities are at the periphery of the system, the core of the Route 1 Corridor BRT would operate within a smaller area and use regional shopping malls as termination/origination points.", "The north-south axis of the BRT system would parallel the right-of-way (ROW) of the Princeton Branch, which runs for just under and is served by a shuttle called the \"Dinky\" between Princeton Junction and Princeton Station, located on the Princeton University campus.", "A greenway providing pedestrian and bicycle paths, as well as exclusive bus lane would be incorporated into the plan.", "While continued service on the branch is a component of the transitway, relocation of the Princeton Station has been a matter of controversy since at least 2006 when the university announced its intention to construct a new arts center calling for the adaptive re-use of current station house, the shortening of the trackage ROW, and the creation of new terminus to the south.", "Rail advocates fear that access to the new station would be less convenient, resulting in decreased ridership that would \"threaten the train's existence.\"", "The proposal has prompted protest from local residents, as well as students, faculty, and alumni and the creation of the organization \"Save the Dinky\".", "In October 2010, the Princeton Regional Planning Board passed a resolution supporting the continuation of train service.", "On October 3, 2011, the \"Save the Dinky\" and residents filed suit against the university and NJT to stop the move.", "Soon after the borough, township, and university entered into a memo of understanding in which the school promises to fund a transit study and provide other benefits in exchange for rezoning for the combine arts/transit project.", "The station house has been the property of the university since 1984, when it purchased it form NJT, with guarantees of public use.", "That year it was listed on the state (ID#1742) and national registers of historic places.", "In 2012, NJT requested abandonment of that public use from the State Historic Preservation Office, \"Save the Dinky\" contends that the move would breach the original agreement when the property was transferred, would cause inconvenience, and is poor planning.", "The university believes it is an improvement and necessary in order to redevelop the neighborhood.", "In April 2012, the university submitted revised plans for the arts and transit center, which calls for the extension of the station house onto the right of way for possible use as a restaurant.", "The Regional Planning Board has passed an ordinance requiring the land be preserved for transportation right-of-way that could eventually extend farther into the central business district at Nassau Street.", "The new station house plans would require the board's approval before construction could start.", "According to the university, trackage rights would have to change hands in order for the transitway to implemented.", "New Brunswick lies at the heart of Central Jersey and is a key transit hub for the region.", "The city is served by Amtrak and NJT on the Northeast Corridor, several NJT intrastate bus routes 800 series, the extensive Rutgers Campus bus network, the MCAT shuttle system, DASH buses, Brunsquick shuttles and NYC bound Suburban Trails buses.", "The hub of the New Brunswick BRT system would be New Brunswick Station in the city's central business district.", "It is located near the intersection of Route 18 and Route 27 which would function as the two major corridors for bus network that would connect downtown, residential neighborhoods, the five campuses of Rutgers University in the city and adjacent Piscataway, proximate communities, as well as to the proposed Route One BRT system.", "A BRT system in the Delaware Valley is part of a broader plan to expand a regional multimodal transportation network in adjacent Camden and Gloucester counties and across the Delaware River to the city of Philadelphia.", "Other elements of network would include additions and adjustments to PATCO Hi-Speed Line and Atlantic City Line and construction of the Glassboro–Camden Line, an extension or connection to the light rail River LINE.", "The region is served by NJT buses 400–499.", "The BRT component would be developed along the heavily traveled corridor comprising I-676, Route 42, and Route 55 \nThe southern end of the system would be a newly constructed park and ride in Deptford on Route 55 and an expanded one in Winslow with peak hour buses running at 10–15 minute intervals.", "Travelling northwest the two lines would converge to pass through downtown Camden, where transfers would be possible for other components of the network, including at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.", "They would then continue over the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, equipped with reversible or contra-flow lanes to a point near Philadelphia City Hall.", "Depending on approval and funding, the BRT system could be completed by 2020.", "In July 2012, NJT received $2.6 million in federal funding to advance the project.", "The opening of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) in 2000 and the increased use of jitneys, locally known as dollar vans, have greatly affected travel patterns in Hudson County, leading to decreased bus ridership on traditional transit corridors.", "After studies conducted examine existing systems and to address the changes in public transportation it was determined that BRT systems would be appropriate for certain parts of the densely populated urban core of northeastern New Jersey.", "Kennedy Boulevard runs the entire length of the peninsula that encompasses much of Hudson, its northern and southern sections meeting at Journal Square, the traditional hub of the county, and site of the Journal Square Transportation Center.", "The boulevard travels south from the square through the Bergen Section and Greenville in Jersey City to Bergen Point in Bayonne.", "Service along the corridor had been provided by privately operated Coach USA on two routes: the #10 local service and the #99s (with continuing service to Jersey City Heights and the PABT).", "Citing reduced ridership and increased competition the company in late 2011/early 2012, announced that it would abandon the routes.", "After negotiations service was continued in a diminished form and operated by Academy Bus under contract with NJT.", "The company's #4 route was taken over by A&C Bus Corporation.", "The routes have since returned to Coach USA in June 2021.", "The \"Bayonne / Greenville / Journal Square Bus Rapid Transit Study\", funded by NJTPA and the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders and conducted by Parsons Brinkerhoff, does not propose a dedicated bus ROW for the BRT, but similar to Newark's \"go bus\" or New York's Select Bus Service, using city streets.", "Its ultimate goal is to explore \"the feasibility of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) service along the north-south roadway corridors to improve bus service between Bayonne and Jersey City.\"", "It will examine the optimal location of boarding kiosks with scheduling amenities, appropriate vehicles, and branding and explore possible corridors on Broadway, Avenue C, Garfield Avenue, and Ocean Avenue and connections to the Staten Island-bound S89 bus at the HBLR 34th Street Station.", "As of March 2013, preliminary studies identified Kennedy Boulevard as the best potential corridor perhaps in hybrid route with Bergen Avenue and MLK Drive.", "In anticipation of a general increase of activity at Port Jersey and new development on West Side and Hackensack Riverront in Jersey City studies are being conducted to transform routes 440 and 1/9 into a multi-use urban boulevard that includes possible grade separations, meridians, and traffic circle, thus creating a viable BRT corridor.", "As envisioned, the BRT corridor would run from Droyer's Point and reach Journal Square via Sip Avenue.", "The proposed Union County \"go bus\" system is part of the planned Liberty Corridor Bus Rapid Transit Service network centered around Newark Liberty International Airport.", "The hub of the Union network would be the unused former Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) station in Elizabeth which is adjacent to the NJT's Elizabeth Broad Street Station that is served by the Northeast Corridor Line and the North Jersey Coast Line.", "Proposals call for reconstruction and better integration of the two stations as Midtown Station.", "The district has been identified as one of the state's major potential transit-oriented development (TOD) centers.", "The northern end of the system would travel through Midtown and the parking areas, the terminals, and freight shipping facilities and the North Transit Area at Newark Liberty, (partially following Union County Light Rail route plan that was scrapped in 2006).", "A spur on this portion would travel to Jersey Gardens, a regional shopping mall.", "In a southwesterly direction the system would utilize an abandoned portion of the CNJ's mainline, now the Raritan Valley Line (RVL), right-of-way between Midtown Station and the Aldene Connection ().", "A parallel greenway providing pedestrian and bicycle paths, would be incorporated into the plan.", "Once joining the RVL the busway would allow for transfers at Cranford Station and Garwood Station, where it would end.", "The \"go bus\" expressway would generally parallel New Jersey Route 28", "While served in part by rail, adjacent Bergen and Passaic counties nonetheless rely heavily on bus mass transit for public transportation.", "The Passaic-Bergen Rail Line is a now dormant project that would have created a cross-county (east-west) system using DMUs.", "The Northern Branch Corridor Project, advanced to environmental impact statement stage, is a planned extension of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail serving the eastern part of region closest to the Hudson Palisades.", "Various studies have been conducted and proposals have been made to create a comprehensive bus network, including the development of BRT routes concentrated in the vicinity of NJ Route 17, a frequently congested commercial and commuter corridor between the Meadowlands Sports Complex and the New York State line, running on a southeast-northwest diagonal between NJT's Main-Bergen and Pascack Valley rail lines.", "Of particular focus is the Hackensack/Paramus area, where there is a concentration of \"activity generators\" -shopping malls, colleges, hospitals, and government offices - both north and south of Route 4, an important east-west corridor.", "The intersection of Routes 4 and 17 is one of the busiest in the world.", "Largely \"built-out\", Bergen and Passaic are seeing a trend toward transit oriented development conducive to BRT.", "In the 2006 final report \"Route 17 Bergen Rapid Transit Study\" STV Incorporated proposed two BRT lines would have originated/terminated at Secaucus Junction, a major NJT rail interchange station between New York Penn Station and Newark Penn Station.", "At the time Access to the Region's Core (ARC), an extensive rail infrastructure project which included new Hudson River tunnel was in its planning stages with the presumption it would be built.", "ARC was canceled in 2010.", "The Blue Route would have travelled from the northern part of the county and then run express from Hackensack along Interstate 80 and the New Jersey Turnpike.", "The Orange Route would have travelled from Paramus through the southern part of the county.", "Initiated in 2009 with the participation NJTPA, NJT, and Coach USA, a wide-ranging \"Northeast New Jersey Metro Mobility Study\" is examining improvements to bus service in bi-county region and proximate areas in Essex, Hudson, Orange, Rockland and Manhattan.", "Particular attention is given to the plaza, bridge and bus station named for George Washington.", "Potential improvements include new and restructured bus and shuttle routes; vanpool, carpool, or other non-traditional transit programs and subsidies; BBS lanes, queue jumping, and transit signal priority to expedite buses through congested intersections; new or enhanced park and ride facilities and transit hubs; improved passenger facilities and access at bus stops; and informational enhancements and better coordination of various transit services.", "In 2012, NJDOT allocated nearly $1million in funding.", "In 2010, Parsons Brinkerhoff's \"Vision Bergen: Blueprint For Our Future Networking Transportation To Make It Work Route 17\" identified a number of trunk and branch BRT routes for the county, and recommended the Blue Route as the best alternative for a pilot project.", "It is estimated that implementing the route would cost $45 million.", "In October 2011, NJT said that there is no funding available for implementation of a BRT system, but that a study would establish an \"action plan\" should any become available.", "In November 2011 the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders and NJT agreed jointly fund $600,000 for the \"Bus Rapid Transit Implementation Study\", the purpose of which is to identify two or more BRT routes and enhancements between bus and rail service.", "The study addresses changing travel patterns, particularly the fact that nearly 60% of commuter trips are made within the county.", "In June 2014, it was announced that five \"preferred\" routes had been established.", "Two originate/terminate at the Port Authority Bus Terminal, with one travelling along the Hudson Waterfront and local streets to Garden State Plaza and the other along Route 17 to the Montvale Park & Ride.", "Two originate/terminate a Secaucus Junction, one to Bergen Community College via Route 17 and one to Englewood Hospital via local streets and the New Jersey Turnpike.", "The fifth route would travel between Broadway Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station along Route 4 Parson Brinkerhoof intends to bring out it recommendations from the study in January 2015.", "In November 2014, it was announced that three potential routes would be studied:", "In September 2017, a new study was released which identified four (A,B,C,D) preferred BRT routes.", "The New Meadowlands plan was developed in response to the effects of Hurricane Sandy in towns in the New Jersey Meadowlands.", "The proposed Meadowband would be a series of berms constructed along the perimeter of the Meadowlnds District in Bergen and Hudson.", "The raised areas would provide flood mitigation in the Hackensack River floodplain and would provide new corridors for the development of BRT systems in the region.", "The first phase, funded with $150 million by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), will begin with construction of berms in Little Ferry, Moonachie, Carlstadt, and Teterboro in 2014-2015.", "In 2014 the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority completed a study for guidance for the implementation of BRT and BRT-like services along previously-identified potential BRT corridors in North Jersey.", "The analysis considers various types of systems and conditions such as: urban, suburban, grade separated, and rural/hybrid rights of ways." ]

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[ "Bus rapid transit in New Jersey comprises limited-stop bus service, exclusive bus lanes (XBL) and bus bypass shoulders (BBS)." ]

[ "The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) defines bus rapid transit (BRT) is a “rapid mode of transportation that can combine\nthe quality of rail transit and the flexibility of buses.”", "BRT systems can be designed for specific locations and conditions to incorporate any number of features to enhance bus priority traffic circulation and passenger convenience and can operate on exclusive bus lanes or shared roadways and can combine both limited-stops and skip-stops.", "Characteristics can include bus stops with kiosks for passengers to easily and quickly pre-purchase bus tickets to reduce boarding time, digitalized countdown timetables for real-time bus arrivals and bus information at the bus shelter and via internet websites.", "Roadways can have signal synchronization, queue jumping, changeable message signs and pavement striping included.", "Specific BRT branding (wrapping) and specialized vehicles for faster boarding and alighting can be used.", "New Jersey is the most densely populated state in the United States.", "In the early part of the 20th century, it was served by an extensive system of interurban and streetcar systems, which were replaced during the era of bustitution in the mid century, partially due to the phenomenon known as the Great American streetcar scandal.", "New Jersey Transit, created in the 1970s to take over Conrail commuter rail service, assumed control of several floundering bus companies in the 1980s, including the largest, Transport of New Jersey.", "The government agency has subsequently grown to be third largest provider of commuter rail, light-rail, and bus service in the nation.", "Additionally, numerous privately operated bus companies also provide regional and local service within the state and to New York and Pennsylvania.", "The Northeast Corridor runs diagonally across New Jersey between New York City and Philadelphia, cities to which many residents regularly travel.", "Additionally, commuters of Rockland and Orange counties, west of the Hudson River above the New York state line, and exurban towns in the Lehigh Valley and Pike County, Pennsylvania travel to or through the state.", "Real-time locating is a vehicle tracking or fleet tracking system using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology.", "NJ Transit (NJT) is expanding real-time service information for bus customers to all routes in the state using what has been dubbed \"smart bus\" technology that can provide real-time bus location and arrival information to web-enabled devices and to “next bus” signage at key locations.", "In February 2011, NJT authorized a $22 million contract with Clever Devices LTD to install devices on 1,040 buses serving NJT-operated routes.", "In November 2011, it authorized another $6 million for Clever Devices to equip NJT contracted bus routes with the devices.", "Completion of the installation is projected for 2013.", "More than 1,100 new buses coming on line during the period are pre-equipped, thus making the entire fleet \"real-time\" capable.", "Real-time customer use was begun with a pilot involving the Trenton and Princeton areas on routes numbered 600 in December 2012.", "The \"MyBus Now\" service allows those with smart phones and computers to access NJT's website to see in-transit buses and expected arrival times for those buses within 30 minutes of a bus stop.", "Commuters can also text MyBus (69287) with the stop and route number to get the arrival time of the next bus.", "The service was expanded in 2013 to more than 150 NJT routes for Atlantic City, Camden, Philadelphia, and intrastate routes in North Jersey.", "It will be expanded to buses traveling to the Port Authority Bus Terminal and the George Washington Bridge Bus Station in early 2014.", "NJT sells monthly passes, 10-trip discount tickets and single-fare tickets, which are accepted on most private and contracted buses as well as its own.", "Cash payment, with many routes being exact-fare lines, is also possible.", "except for departures from the Port Authority Bus Terminal, where since 2011 tickets or passes are required.", "In October 2011, NJT began a pilot project and become the first transportation agency in the USA enabling passengers to use Google Wallet, a contactless payment system, initially available at ticket vending machines at Port Authority Bus Terminal, New York Penn Station, Newark Liberty Airport Station and on certain Hudson County bus routes.", "In April 2015 NJT announced that using mobile phone apps to purchase tickets and passes system-wide would be completed.", "SmartLink is a smart card used by the Port Authority Trans Hudson, the rapid transit rail system linking Newark, Jersey City, Hoboken, and Manhattan.", "The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which operates the system introduced the card in 2007, as the initial step in creating a universal fare card for the New York metropolitan area.", "In 2006, estimates for New Jersey Transit to implement use of the card were $100 million.", "NJ has various policies to promote its \"smart growth\" strategy, intended to reduce urban sprawl and preserve open space, to reduce traffic congestion and travel times though decreased automobile dependency, to promote intrastate public transportation use, and to revitalize older urban and suburban areas through transit-oriented development.", "In 2009, NJDOT adopted a complete streets policy with one of its stated aims to make access to bus stops easier and safer.", "The areas targeted for BRT systems are commercial/commuter corridors or high density population or employment centers with a regional transit hub.", "Some are included in the state's Urban Transit Hub Tax Credit scheme which offers tax relief for developers and employers who relocate or build within walking distance from them.", "Others have been designated transit villages, meant to promote higher density, pedestrian/public transportation oriented development.", "In some areas traditional rural and suburban land-use have given way to corporate complexes and shopping malls.", "While there are express bus routes and some dedicated bus lanes within the state, the only specifically designed BRT system, the \"go bus\", runs through Newark, the state's largest city, to Newark Liberty International Airport and adjacent communities.", "Elsewhere exclusive bus lanes (XBL) and bus bypass shoulders (BBS) provide for bus priority traffic patterning.", "Other proposed BRT and BBS projects are in various stages of study and implementation.", "While some new systems are geared to improved access to Midtown Manhattan and Center City, Philadelphia most are oriented to developing a comprehensive network of intrastate travel.", "Newark is the largest city in NJ and lies at the heart of the Gateway Region and the Liberty Corridor, the extensive network of road, rail, shipping, and air transportation infrastructure radiating from Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal.", "In terms of number of buses in use and passengers served, the Greater Newark bus network is the 20th largest in the United States.", "NJT began service on the first BRT line, \"go bus 25\", in 2008.", "During peak periods, the line makes limited stops at eleven points between Newark Penn Station and Irvington, running for most of its length along the busy Springfield Avenue transit corridor.", "The second BRT line is part of the planned Liberty Corridor Bus Rapid Transit Service network.", "Funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the enhanced bus service was initiated in 2009.", "The $2 million project includes new bus shelters, signaling priority, and express-limited stop service.", "The \"go bus 28\" is a full-time service between the airport's North Area Transit Center, its three terminals, the city's central business or campus districts, Branch Brook Park, the Roseville neighborhood, and Bloomfield.", "Connections to Montclair-Boonton Line and Newark Light Rail (NLR) are possible on the line's northern segment.", "There are proposals to extend the service westward to Montclair University.", "A XBL in the vicinity of Newark Penn Station, origination point for numerous Greater Newark bus routes, was conceived in 2007 to improve traffic circulation and pedestrian safety and has been in place since 2008.", "The dedicated center bus lane is implemented in the PM rush hour to serve westbound buses along Raymond Boulevard between the station and McCarter Highway.", "The system includes traffic signal synchronization, changeable message signs and pavement striping.", "The Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix (Route 495) in Hudson County passes through a cut and descends the Hudson Palisades to the Lincoln Tunnel at the other end of which is the Port Authority Bus Terminal (PABT).", "Starting in 1964, studies were conducted to address the feasibility of an Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) during the weekday morning peak period.", "The XBL was first approved on a trial basis in September 1970, since buses from New Jersey would be stuck in the heavy congestion within the tunnel approaches.", "This bus lane was implemented in December of the same year, exclusively carrying buses during morning rush hours.", "Due to the success of the bus lane, it was made permanent after the year-long trial ended.", "The XBL serves weekday eastbound bus traffic between 6:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.", "It is fed by the New Jersey Turnpike at Exits 16E and 17, and New Jersey Route 3.", "The helix, tunnel, and terminal are owned and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the bi-state agency that also operates the contraflow lane along the left lane of three westbound lanes.", "The XBL serves over 1,800 buses, which transport more than 65,000 persons, each morning and is a major component of the morning \"inbound\" commutation crossing the Hudson River.", "Over 100 bus carriers utilize the Exclusive Bus Lane.", "New Jersey Transit operates fifty-seven interstate bus routes through the Lincoln Tunnel, as do numerous regional and long distance companies.", "The PABT is the gateway for most bus and jitney traffic entering Manhattan with around 225,000 passengers on 8,000 bus trips made through the tunnel and terminal on an average weekday.", "Despite the XBL to the tunnel, there are often long delays due to congestion caused by the limited capacity of bus lanes for deboarding passengers at the bus terminal, which has reached its capacity.", "This has led to re-routing and overflow on local streets In December 2011, the New Jersey Assembly passed a resolution calling upon the PANYNJ to address the issue of congestion.", "Thomas Duane, representing New York's 29th Senate District which includes the area around the PABT, has also called for reduced congestion in the neighborhood.", "A consortium of regional transportation advocates, the Tri-State Transportation Campaign, have proposed a reconfiguration and expansion of the terminal, a PM westbound XBL, bus stops at other Manhattan locations, and a new bus storage depot.", "Originally part of the PANYNJ 2007-2016 Capital Plan, construction of a bus garage in Midtown Manhattan, so that day-time turnover buses could avoid unnecessarily traveling through the tunnel without passengers, was scrapped by the agency in October 2011.", "In May 2012, the commissioner of NJDOT suggested that some NJ Transit routes could originate/terminate at other Manhattan locations, notably the East Side, an arrangement requiring approval of the NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) to use bus stops.", "In June 2013, the PANYNJ commissioned an 18-month Midtown Bus Master Plan study to address enhanced terminal and bus depot facilities.", "There have also been studies to add a second express bus lane.", "Shoulder lanes, or bus bypass shoulders (BBS), along Route 9 are a part of the express bus system in Monmouth-Middlesex.", "The highway is used by NJT's routes 63, 64, 67 to Hudson County, the 130, 132, 136, 139 to PABT, and Academy Bus to Lower Manhattan.", "In 2006, NJDOT reconstructed two stretches of shoulders and made improvements in signals and sidewalks for exclusive bus use during peak hours.", "The bus lanes, which run for approximately from just south of Sayreville in Old Bridge, are the first component of a planned BBS corridor in Monmouth and northern Ocean counties.", "The southern terminus of the extended BBS corridor would be in Lakewood, which along with adjacent Toms River saw major population between 2000 and 2010 and are now respectively the 7th and 8th largest municipalities in the state by population.", "As of 2011, a $588 million project for expansion of the segment of Route 9 in the towns was in a \"design concept\" phase with funding earmarked for 2016-2017 construction.", "Concurrently, studies are being conducted to explore the possibility of providing rail service to the region.", "Known as the MOM (Monmouth-Ocean-Middlesex) project various alignments are being considered as to where the line would join either the Northeast Corridor Line or the North Jersey Coast Line.", "An extensive analysis by consulting and planning firm Stantec released in 2010 includes recommendations regarding design, construction, and implementation of the BBS extension.", "The 2nd phase of the project would start at the project's southern end near the Lakewood Bus Terminal near Route 88.", "The third phase and final phase would connect the northern and southern segments passing through Freehold Township and proximate towns, where work would include some widening and deepening of the roadbed to handle bus traffic.", "Compressed natural gas buses were introduced in 2015.", "An early use of a BBS (originally called a BOS or \"bus on shoulder\" lane) is in Mountainside.", "Unlike most towns along Route 22, zoning in Mountainside does not allow for much commercial development adjacent to the freeway.", "For a stretch in the town, the eastbound shoulder on the arterial road can be used by peak hour buses and allows for queue jumping.", "In 2009, NJDOT funded construction of two bus turnouts along the road in nearby Union In 2012, NJDOT regulated the BBS as an exclusive bus lane from 6 to 7:30am.", "In 2003, NJT funded a BRT feasibility study to be conducted by STV for Route 1 in Mercer County.", "After assessments conducted in 2006 NJT and the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) determined that a BRT system would be appropriate and have since authorized various studies.", "The hub of the Route 1 Corridor BRT system would be Princeton Junction in West Windsor.", "The two trunks of system which would incorporate some of NJT's 600 series intrastate routes and would radiate from the intersection of the Princeton Branch rail line and Route 1 freeway.", "Princeton Junction is served by NJT's Northeast Corridor Line and as well as peak-hour Amtrak service.", "Parts of Route 1 are known as the Trenton Freeway and the Brunswick Turnpike in Mercer County, which travels between Trenton and New Brunswick in Middlesex County.", "While both cities are at the periphery of the system, the core of the Route 1 Corridor BRT would operate within a smaller area and use regional shopping malls as termination/origination points.", "The north-south axis of the BRT system would parallel the right-of-way (ROW) of the Princeton Branch, which runs for just under and is served by a shuttle called the \"Dinky\" between Princeton Junction and Princeton Station, located on the Princeton University campus.", "A greenway providing pedestrian and bicycle paths, as well as exclusive bus lane would be incorporated into the plan.", "While continued service on the branch is a component of the transitway, relocation of the Princeton Station has been a matter of controversy since at least 2006 when the university announced its intention to construct a new arts center calling for the adaptive re-use of current station house, the shortening of the trackage ROW, and the creation of new terminus to the south.", "Rail advocates fear that access to the new station would be less convenient, resulting in decreased ridership that would \"threaten the train's existence.\"", "The proposal has prompted protest from local residents, as well as students, faculty, and alumni and the creation of the organization \"Save the Dinky\".", "In October 2010, the Princeton Regional Planning Board passed a resolution supporting the continuation of train service.", "On October 3, 2011, the \"Save the Dinky\" and residents filed suit against the university and NJT to stop the move.", "Soon after the borough, township, and university entered into a memo of understanding in which the school promises to fund a transit study and provide other benefits in exchange for rezoning for the combine arts/transit project.", "The station house has been the property of the university since 1984, when it purchased it form NJT, with guarantees of public use.", "That year it was listed on the state (ID#1742) and national registers of historic places.", "In 2012, NJT requested abandonment of that public use from the State Historic Preservation Office, \"Save the Dinky\" contends that the move would breach the original agreement when the property was transferred, would cause inconvenience, and is poor planning.", "The university believes it is an improvement and necessary in order to redevelop the neighborhood.", "In April 2012, the university submitted revised plans for the arts and transit center, which calls for the extension of the station house onto the right of way for possible use as a restaurant.", "The Regional Planning Board has passed an ordinance requiring the land be preserved for transportation right-of-way that could eventually extend farther into the central business district at Nassau Street.", "The new station house plans would require the board's approval before construction could start.", "According to the university, trackage rights would have to change hands in order for the transitway to implemented.", "New Brunswick lies at the heart of Central Jersey and is a key transit hub for the region.", "The city is served by Amtrak and NJT on the Northeast Corridor, several NJT intrastate bus routes 800 series, the extensive Rutgers Campus bus network, the MCAT shuttle system, DASH buses, Brunsquick shuttles and NYC bound Suburban Trails buses.", "The hub of the New Brunswick BRT system would be New Brunswick Station in the city's central business district.", "It is located near the intersection of Route 18 and Route 27 which would function as the two major corridors for bus network that would connect downtown, residential neighborhoods, the five campuses of Rutgers University in the city and adjacent Piscataway, proximate communities, as well as to the proposed Route One BRT system.", "A BRT system in the Delaware Valley is part of a broader plan to expand a regional multimodal transportation network in adjacent Camden and Gloucester counties and across the Delaware River to the city of Philadelphia.", "Other elements of network would include additions and adjustments to PATCO Hi-Speed Line and Atlantic City Line and construction of the Glassboro–Camden Line, an extension or connection to the light rail River LINE.", "The region is served by NJT buses 400–499.", "The BRT component would be developed along the heavily traveled corridor comprising I-676, Route 42, and Route 55 \nThe southern end of the system would be a newly constructed park and ride in Deptford on Route 55 and an expanded one in Winslow with peak hour buses running at 10–15 minute intervals.", "Travelling northwest the two lines would converge to pass through downtown Camden, where transfers would be possible for other components of the network, including at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.", "They would then continue over the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, equipped with reversible or contra-flow lanes to a point near Philadelphia City Hall.", "Depending on approval and funding, the BRT system could be completed by 2020.", "In July 2012, NJT received $2.6 million in federal funding to advance the project.", "The opening of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) in 2000 and the increased use of jitneys, locally known as dollar vans, have greatly affected travel patterns in Hudson County, leading to decreased bus ridership on traditional transit corridors.", "After studies conducted examine existing systems and to address the changes in public transportation it was determined that BRT systems would be appropriate for certain parts of the densely populated urban core of northeastern New Jersey.", "Kennedy Boulevard runs the entire length of the peninsula that encompasses much of Hudson, its northern and southern sections meeting at Journal Square, the traditional hub of the county, and site of the Journal Square Transportation Center.", "The boulevard travels south from the square through the Bergen Section and Greenville in Jersey City to Bergen Point in Bayonne.", "Service along the corridor had been provided by privately operated Coach USA on two routes: the #10 local service and the #99s (with continuing service to Jersey City Heights and the PABT).", "Citing reduced ridership and increased competition the company in late 2011/early 2012, announced that it would abandon the routes.", "After negotiations service was continued in a diminished form and operated by Academy Bus under contract with NJT.", "The company's #4 route was taken over by A&C Bus Corporation.", "The routes have since returned to Coach USA in June 2021.", "The \"Bayonne / Greenville / Journal Square Bus Rapid Transit Study\", funded by NJTPA and the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders and conducted by Parsons Brinkerhoff, does not propose a dedicated bus ROW for the BRT, but similar to Newark's \"go bus\" or New York's Select Bus Service, using city streets.", "Its ultimate goal is to explore \"the feasibility of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) service along the north-south roadway corridors to improve bus service between Bayonne and Jersey City.\"", "It will examine the optimal location of boarding kiosks with scheduling amenities, appropriate vehicles, and branding and explore possible corridors on Broadway, Avenue C, Garfield Avenue, and Ocean Avenue and connections to the Staten Island-bound S89 bus at the HBLR 34th Street Station.", "As of March 2013, preliminary studies identified Kennedy Boulevard as the best potential corridor perhaps in hybrid route with Bergen Avenue and MLK Drive.", "In anticipation of a general increase of activity at Port Jersey and new development on West Side and Hackensack Riverront in Jersey City studies are being conducted to transform routes 440 and 1/9 into a multi-use urban boulevard that includes possible grade separations, meridians, and traffic circle, thus creating a viable BRT corridor.", "As envisioned, the BRT corridor would run from Droyer's Point and reach Journal Square via Sip Avenue.", "The proposed Union County \"go bus\" system is part of the planned Liberty Corridor Bus Rapid Transit Service network centered around Newark Liberty International Airport.", "The hub of the Union network would be the unused former Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) station in Elizabeth which is adjacent to the NJT's Elizabeth Broad Street Station that is served by the Northeast Corridor Line and the North Jersey Coast Line.", "Proposals call for reconstruction and better integration of the two stations as Midtown Station.", "The district has been identified as one of the state's major potential transit-oriented development (TOD) centers.", "The northern end of the system would travel through Midtown and the parking areas, the terminals, and freight shipping facilities and the North Transit Area at Newark Liberty, (partially following Union County Light Rail route plan that was scrapped in 2006).", "A spur on this portion would travel to Jersey Gardens, a regional shopping mall.", "In a southwesterly direction the system would utilize an abandoned portion of the CNJ's mainline, now the Raritan Valley Line (RVL), right-of-way between Midtown Station and the Aldene Connection ().", "A parallel greenway providing pedestrian and bicycle paths, would be incorporated into the plan.", "Once joining the RVL the busway would allow for transfers at Cranford Station and Garwood Station, where it would end.", "The \"go bus\" expressway would generally parallel New Jersey Route 28", "While served in part by rail, adjacent Bergen and Passaic counties nonetheless rely heavily on bus mass transit for public transportation.", "The Passaic-Bergen Rail Line is a now dormant project that would have created a cross-county (east-west) system using DMUs.", "The Northern Branch Corridor Project, advanced to environmental impact statement stage, is a planned extension of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail serving the eastern part of region closest to the Hudson Palisades.", "Various studies have been conducted and proposals have been made to create a comprehensive bus network, including the development of BRT routes concentrated in the vicinity of NJ Route 17, a frequently congested commercial and commuter corridor between the Meadowlands Sports Complex and the New York State line, running on a southeast-northwest diagonal between NJT's Main-Bergen and Pascack Valley rail lines.", "Of particular focus is the Hackensack/Paramus area, where there is a concentration of \"activity generators\" -shopping malls, colleges, hospitals, and government offices - both north and south of Route 4, an important east-west corridor.", "The intersection of Routes 4 and 17 is one of the busiest in the world.", "Largely \"built-out\", Bergen and Passaic are seeing a trend toward transit oriented development conducive to BRT.", "In the 2006 final report \"Route 17 Bergen Rapid Transit Study\" STV Incorporated proposed two BRT lines would have originated/terminated at Secaucus Junction, a major NJT rail interchange station between New York Penn Station and Newark Penn Station.", "At the time Access to the Region's Core (ARC), an extensive rail infrastructure project which included new Hudson River tunnel was in its planning stages with the presumption it would be built.", "ARC was canceled in 2010.", "The Blue Route would have travelled from the northern part of the county and then run express from Hackensack along Interstate 80 and the New Jersey Turnpike.", "The Orange Route would have travelled from Paramus through the southern part of the county.", "Initiated in 2009 with the participation NJTPA, NJT, and Coach USA, a wide-ranging \"Northeast New Jersey Metro Mobility Study\" is examining improvements to bus service in bi-county region and proximate areas in Essex, Hudson, Orange, Rockland and Manhattan.", "Particular attention is given to the plaza, bridge and bus station named for George Washington.", "Potential improvements include new and restructured bus and shuttle routes; vanpool, carpool, or other non-traditional transit programs and subsidies; BBS lanes, queue jumping, and transit signal priority to expedite buses through congested intersections; new or enhanced park and ride facilities and transit hubs; improved passenger facilities and access at bus stops; and informational enhancements and better coordination of various transit services.", "In 2012, NJDOT allocated nearly $1million in funding.", "In 2010, Parsons Brinkerhoff's \"Vision Bergen: Blueprint For Our Future Networking Transportation To Make It Work Route 17\" identified a number of trunk and branch BRT routes for the county, and recommended the Blue Route as the best alternative for a pilot project.", "It is estimated that implementing the route would cost $45 million.", "In October 2011, NJT said that there is no funding available for implementation of a BRT system, but that a study would establish an \"action plan\" should any become available.", "In November 2011 the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders and NJT agreed jointly fund $600,000 for the \"Bus Rapid Transit Implementation Study\", the purpose of which is to identify two or more BRT routes and enhancements between bus and rail service.", "The study addresses changing travel patterns, particularly the fact that nearly 60% of commuter trips are made within the county.", "In June 2014, it was announced that five \"preferred\" routes had been established.", "Two originate/terminate at the Port Authority Bus Terminal, with one travelling along the Hudson Waterfront and local streets to Garden State Plaza and the other along Route 17 to the Montvale Park & Ride.", "Two originate/terminate a Secaucus Junction, one to Bergen Community College via Route 17 and one to Englewood Hospital via local streets and the New Jersey Turnpike.", "The fifth route would travel between Broadway Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station along Route 4 Parson Brinkerhoof intends to bring out it recommendations from the study in January 2015.", "In November 2014, it was announced that three potential routes would be studied:", "In September 2017, a new study was released which identified four (A,B,C,D) preferred BRT routes.", "The New Meadowlands plan was developed in response to the effects of Hurricane Sandy in towns in the New Jersey Meadowlands.", "The proposed Meadowband would be a series of berms constructed along the perimeter of the Meadowlnds District in Bergen and Hudson.", "The raised areas would provide flood mitigation in the Hackensack River floodplain and would provide new corridors for the development of BRT systems in the region.", "The first phase, funded with $150 million by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), will begin with construction of berms in Little Ferry, Moonachie, Carlstadt, and Teterboro in 2014-2015.", "In 2014 the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority completed a study for guidance for the implementation of BRT and BRT-like services along previously-identified potential BRT corridors in North Jersey.", "The analysis considers various types of systems and conditions such as: urban, suburban, grade separated, and rural/hybrid rights of ways." ]

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[ "In 2011, NJT announced that it would equip its entire bus fleet with devices for real-time locating, thus creating the basis for \"next bus\" scheduling information at bus shelters." ]