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q474_1

One of this city's most famous attractions features Tritons leading hippocampi and the shell chariot of the central figure, Oceanus. Ostia was the ancient port of this city, which was built in part on the Palatine and Quirinal Hills. Attractions in this city include the Spanish Steps, the Trevi Fountain, and the Colosseum. For 10 points, name this city on the Tiber, the capital of Italy.

{Rome,} Italy [or {Roma,} Italia]

q3510_1

n one episode of this show, Parasprites invade the central location. Another episode sees a dragon threaten the health of the town with smoke from its snoring. In another episode, Spike mocks a certain purple unicorn's inability to assist during Winter Wrap-Up. For 10 points, name this show featuring equine characters like Princess Celestia and Twilight Sparkle, a fourth-generation reboot of a girls' show.

{My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic} [or {MLP: FiM;} prompt on My Little Pony; prompt on Friendship is Magic]

q248_1

A White House memo released on the day of this event cited "the battle of the laboratories" and urged immediate acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration. A bestselling book about this was written by John Hersey. Paul Tibbets commanded the sortie that executed this action, which was carried out using the device "Little Boy" from the (*) B-29 Enola Gay. For 10 points, identify this first use of an atomic weapon in war.

the detonation of an atomic bomb in {Hiroshima} [accept grammatical variants; accept variations of \"atomic\" like \"nuclear\"; \"atomic/nuclear\" is unnecessary after \"atomic\" is mentioned in question; prompt on partial answers; accept variations of detonation of \"Little Boy\" before it is mentioned; do not accept any answer mentioning \"Nagasaki\"]

q169_4

n this state's capital, the Lane Avenue Bridge crosses the Olentangy River. Another of its cities contains historic Italian architecture in its Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, while another city, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, contains Case Western Reserve University. Much of its northern border is at Lake (*) Erie, and it is separated from Kentucky by its namesake river. For 10 points, name this state containing Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus.

Ohio

q1625_1

This character becomes his team's leader after defeating Spitz in a final fight. After being sold to Mercedes, Hal, and Charles, he is rescued by John Thornton. His devotion to Thornton is total; he saves Thornton's life from a drunken miner and from river rapids. (*) For 10 points, what dog stolen from California becomes a Yukon sled dog in Jack London's The Call of the Wild?

Buck

q1958_1

One of these entities "of variation" equals the standard deviation divided by the mean. Spearman and Pearson name two of these entities that measure correlation. "Binomial" ones give the number of ways k unordered outcomes can be chosen from n possible and are given by Pascal's Triangle. For 10 points, give this term for numbers that multiply a variable in a mathematical expression.

coefficients

q2045_1

Factors of 1 plus this value all to the nth power appear in both the numerator and denominator of the amortization formula. Dividing a final value by the nth power of one plus this quantity yields present value. Factors of one plus this quantity to the nth power and one plus n times this quantity, when multiplied by a (*) principal value, represent its compound and simple types. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the cost of borrowing money.

{interest} rate [accept {simple interest} rate or {compound interest} rate]

q2788_1

This man elucidated Heron's formula before Heron proved it. He supposedly created a death ray out of mirrors in order to defeat an invading Roman army. A task given to him by Hiero ("HIGH"-er-oh) of Syracuse led to his discovery that the buoyancy of an object is equal to the fluid displaced. For 10 points, who supposedly ran into the streets shouting "Eureka!" after discovering how to test whether Hiero's crown was made of pure gold?

Archimedes of Syracuse

q2222_4

An early invention used to make art works in this medium was the daguerreotype [duh-gayr-"row"-"type"]. Eadweard ["edward"] Muybridge created works in this medium which clarified the method by which horses gallop. The Steerage and Migrant Mother are specific examples of these types of art works. Works in this medium showing Yosemite National Park were created by (*) Ansel Adams. For 10 points, name these objects which can be instantly produced by Polaroids.

photographs [accept word forms; prompt on \"pictures\"]

q1377_1

A Sanskrit group of these writings is found in the Panchatantra (PAHN-chah-THAN-trah). Marianne Moore translated a collection of these writings by Jean de la Fontaine. The Perry Index catalogs ones written by a Greek slave; those include stories about the "Tortoise and the Hare" and "Fox and the Grapes Out of Reach." For 10 points, name these stories that often contain animals and a moral lesson, many of which were written by Aesop.

fables [prompt on tales or stories or similar answers before "stories" is read]

q4870_3

Ajax the Greater went mad after this man received the armor of Achilles. Hermes gave this man the herb moly to protect him from the magic of the witch Circe, who then told him about the dangers of (*) Scylla and Charybdis. He was trapped by the nymph Calypso for seven years, during which his son Telemachus searched for him. For 10 points, name this Greek figure who spent ten years at sea trying to return to his wife Penelope.

Odysseus

q4165_2

Two liquids are said to be immiscible if they cannot combine to form this type of mixture. In the most common form of this mixture, solid particles are small enough to completely dissolve in a liquid. For 10 points, name this type of mixture that is not a colloid or suspension, an example of which is sugar dissolved in water.

{solution} [prompt on mixture]

q2530_3

Lewis defined these substances as acceptors of electron pairs. The presence of the hydronium ion is necessary in the Arrhenius definition. Strong examples of these substances include nitric and sulfuric, which fit the Bronsted-Lowry model as donors of hydrogen ions and turn blue litmus paper red. For 10 points, name these substances with pH lower than 7 that neutralize bases.

acids

q117_1

This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City. The Delaware River forms this state's western border with Pennsylvania. For 10 points, what mid-Atlantic state has its capital at Trenton?

New Jersey

q1563_2

In this author's first Pulitzer Prize-winning work, the Generalissimo orders the execution of Corporal Zsettslani (“SET-slah-nee”). His second Pulitzer-winning novel revolves around Lucius Priest, a resident of Yoknapatawpha (“YOCK-NAH-puh-TAH-fuh”) County. This author wrote novels about Thomas Sutpen and about the death of Addie Bundren. For 10 points, name this American author of Absalom! Absalom!, As I Lay Dying, and The Sound and the Fury.

William {Faulkner}

q746_4

This man's reign began with the Streltsy (SHTRELT-zee) Revolt instigated by his half-sister, Sophia. He passed a law which required all men to either cut their beards or pay a tax. This leader created the Table of Ranks to organize the government and limit the power of the Boyars (boh-YAHRS). He defeated Charles XII of Sweden in the Great Northern War. For 10 points, name this tsar who established Russia as a dominant European power.

{Peter I} [accept {Peter the Great;} prompt on {Peter}]

q2824_1

In 1948 Nathuram Godse (“nuh-THOO-ram GOD-see”) shot this man, whose major work, Hind Swaraj (“HINNED SWAR-ahzh”), was published in South Africa before World War I. His protest against the salt tax was part of his campaign of satyagraha (“SOT-yuh-GRAH-hah”), which sought to undermine British rule through non-cooperation. For 10 points, what nonviolent leader of India's independence movement was known as the Mahatma?

Mohandas (Karamchand) {Gandhi} [or Mahatma {Gandhi} before mentioned]

q847_1

In one of this author's novels, Andrew Bolkonski is wounded at Austerlitz and Helene Kuragina's lover is nearly killed in a duel by her husband, Pierre Bezukhov (bezh-oo-KOV). In Another of his works ends with the title lover of Count Vronsky (VRON-skee) throwing herself under a train. For 10 points, name this Russian author who depicted Napoleon's invasion of Russia in War and Peace and wrote Anna Karenina (care-IN-in-ah).

Leo {Tolstoy}

q2778_3

One movement with this name involved painters like Aaron Douglas and Jacob Lawrence, who were influenced by African folk art. In addition to that "Harlem" movement, another period by this name flourished in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and was based on humanism and classical influences. Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci were part of, for 10 points, what period of art whose name is French for "rebirth"?

{Renaissance} [accept "Harlem {Renaissance"} until "Harlem"; accept variants such as "Early {Renaissance"} or "High {Renaissance"}]

q9518_3

One copy of this document was sent to the Cinque [sink] ports. It notably banned the use of fish-weir traps, and Innocent III tried to make it void after one of its signers repented to him. This agreement created a council of 25 barons, who fought a war after the loser of the Battle of Bouvines failed to follow it. (*) For 10 points, name this document which established habeas corpus, a charter signed at Runnymede by John of England.

{Magna Carta} Libertatum [or {Great Charter} of {Liberties;} prompt on Runnymede {Charter}]

q2742_3

Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs). She cursed the nymph Echo to repeat only what others had said. This figure gave birth to Hephaestus (heh- FESS-tuss) and later threw him out of Olympus because of his ugliness. After her husband impregnated Leto (LEE-toh), she refused to let Leto give birth on land. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess and wife of Zeus.

Hera

q7032_2

Franz Schubert's three symphonies in this key are nicknamed Tragic, Little, and Great. Mozart's Jupiter Symphony and Bach's first Prelude from The Well Tempered Clavier are in this major key, whose relative minor is A minor. Instruments pitched in this key include the bassoon, oboe, and flute. A scale in this key played on piano only hits (*) white keys. For 10 points, name this musical key that contains no sharps or flats.

{C major} [prompt on \"C\" before \"major key\" is mentioned; do not prompt on or accept \"c minor\"]

q1407_1

Two brothers of this surname discovered piezoelectricity and a namesake point at which ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. One of those brothers explored the properties of the ore pitchblende with his wife. That wife later won a second Nobel Prize for her work isolating radium, and named the element polonium after her native country. For 10 points, give the last name of physicist Pierre and his wife Marie.

Curie [accept Pierre Curie; accept Marie Skłodowska Curie; accept (Paul-) Jacques Curie]

q1700_4

Fatty acids contain long chains of hydrogen and this element. Methane consists of four hydrogens bonded to this element. One form of this element in a cylindrical structure is the strongest known material, and is known as a namesake nanotube. Organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing this element. Its allotropes include diamond and graphite. For 10 points, name this element that makes up all living things.

carbon [or C; accept carbon nanotubes before "nanotube"]

q3414_3

One of these creatures named Ladon guarded the golden apples of the Hesperides [hes-PEER-uh-dees]. A Babylonian one of these creatures known as Tiamat was slain by Marduk [MAHR-dook]. One in Norse mythology was named Fafnir and was slain for his gold. (*) Puff is a "magic" example of, for 10 points, what kind of legendeary reptile that breathed fire and was allegedly slain by Saint George?

Dragons

q421_2

This author wrote about a country at war with Blefuscu; he also created the land of Glubbdrubdrib and a flying island, Laputa. One of his characters goes to a land with 72-feet-tall men. This author also suggested that the rich should eat poor Irish children in "A Modest Proposal." For 10 points, identify this British author who wrote of the title character's journey to Lilliput in Gulliver's Travels.

Jonathan Swift

q1607_4

The line "Such is my love, to thee I so belong" comes from one of these works written to a "Fair Youth." Hundreds of these works dedicated to Laura are contained in Il Canzoniere by Petrarch, while a "Dark Lady" is the subject of 26 of this type of (*) poem. "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" was one of 154 written by William Shakespeare. For 10 points, name this 14-line poetic form.

sonnet [prompt on \"poem\"; accept Shakesperean sonnet during the first sentence, but do not accept after; do not accept Petrarchan sonnet]

q3346_2

This instrument descended from the chalumeau (“SHAL-oo-mow”). An improvised solo by one of these instruments opens George Gershwin's Rhapsody In Blue. Famously played by Benny Goodman, this instrument also comes in bass and contrabass varieties, and high notes on this instrument require the register key. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument tuned in B flat, which plays lower notes than the flute.

{clarinet}

q2571_3

In one of his paintings, this man included a self-portrait as the flayed skin held by St. Bartholomew; the nudity in that painting was censored by the Catholic Church. This man sculpted a horned Moses and worked on the tomb of Pope (*) Julius II. This artist showed the end of times in his mural titled The Last Judgment. For 10 points, identify this Renaissance artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

Michelangelo (di Lodovico) Buonarroti (Simoni) [accept either underlined name]

q3814_3

This man found that nothing would grow in nutrient broth unless it was exposed to the air, thereby rejecting the theory of spontaneous generation and providing evidence for germ theory. He generalized Edward Jenner's work with smallpox immunity to develop vaccines for anthrax and rabies. For 10 points, name this French scientist who engineered a namesake process to destroy microorganisms in milk and other food products.

Louis {Pasteur} [accept {pasteurization} or word forms after "process"]

q505_3

The late Senator Robert Byrd once held the rank of Exalted Cyclops in this organization, whose first major leader was Nathan Bedford Forrest. The Civil Rights Act of 1871 was also named for this group. D.W. Griffith's film The Birth of a Nation glorifies this group, which was sued for (*) lynching Michael Donald. For 10 points, name this white supremacist group that burns crosses and wears white clothing.

Ku Klux Klan

q289_1

This poet delivered "The Gift Outright" at President John F. Kennedy's inauguration. One of his poems observes that "good fences make good neighbors" and is called "Mending Wall." His poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" notes that "Nature's first green is gold." For 10 points, name this poet who stated in his most famous poem that he took "the road less traveled by, and that has made all the difference."

Robert Lee Frost

q315_2

One work by this composer opens with a flute solo descending and ascending chromatically, followed by a prolonged pause. This composer's most famous composition is the third movement of his Suite Bergamasque (bair-gah-"MASK"). He also depicted "Golliwog's Cakewalk" in the Children's Corner suite and composed Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. For 10 points, name this impressionist French composer of "Clair de Lune."

Claude-Achille {Debussy}

q12393_2

The “straw” form of this practice is unscientific and the “push” form of this is really just a campaign tactic designed to attack an opponent in disguise. Most important to politicians in the midst of a campaign are the “exit” form and “tracking” forms. They require some form of a random sample and carefully worded questions in order to be accurate. For 10 points, what is a survey used to measure public opinion called?

{polls} [or {polling}]

q5047_3

This unit has gram and kilogram types depending on the amount of water used to define it. Its name is based on the Latin word for "heat". The gram type is a little over four joules, a unit that has in many contexts become a more common unit of (*) energy than this one. For 10 points, name this unit whose kilogram type is also known as the dietary type and is still used to measure the energy content of food.

calorie

q3414_4

One of these creatures named Ladon guarded the golden apples of the Hesperides [hes-PEER-uh-dees]. A Babylonian one of these creatures known as Tiamat was slain by Marduk [MAHR-dook]. One in Norse mythology was named Fafnir and was slain for his gold. (*) Puff is a "magic" example of, for 10 points, what kind of legendeary reptile that breathed fire and was allegedly slain by Saint George?

Dragons

q1738_2

During the eighteenth century, this nation was partitioned three times by its neighbors. Its first elected president was a former shipyard electrician and leader of the Solidarity movement, Lech Walesa (“vaw- WESS-uh”), and it was the home country of Pope John Paul II. For 10 points, Germany's September 1939 invasion of what nation prompted Britain and France to enter World War II after the bombing of Warsaw?

Republic of {Poland} [or Rzeczpospolita {Polska}]

q724_2

At the beginning of this novel, the explorer Robert Walton watches a huge figure ride a sledge pulled by dogs across the Arctic Circle. The protagonist's brother William, friend Henry Clerval and wife Elizabeth Lavenza are all strangled to death by a creature that protagonist vows to destroy. For 10 points, name this Mary Shelley novel about the mad scientist Victor and the monster he creates.

Frankenstein

q2503_2

This politician objected to the Mexican War by giving his Spot Resolutions. This leader gave the "House Divided" speech, and he engaged in a series of debates with Stephen (*) Douglas during the 1858 Senate election. The Emancipation Proclamation was signed by this president, who was shot in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. For 10 points, name this president who served during the Civil War.

Abraham Lincoln

q1797_4

This owner of a stuffed elephant named Ella Funt plays a black-nosed sheep in a Christmas play and dresses up as "the baddest witch in the world." She has a cat named Picky-Picky until it dies, and she also sees herself in an infinite mirror. This best friend of Howie Kemp lives on the same street as Henry Higgins. For 10 points, name this little sister of Beezus, the main character of a series of books by Beverly Cleary.

{Ramona} Geraldine {Quimby} [accept either]

q350_2

This work was based on a real life location in Greenwich Village. It depicts a red-headed woman and two men in hats seated at a bar while being waited on by a man in a white hat. Above the well lit diner in this painting is a sign saying Phillies Cigars: Only 5 cents. For 10 points, name this iconic American painting by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

q530_1

This city, home to the War Memorial Opera House, has such suburbs as Daly City. In it can be found Russian Hill and Lake Merced as well as Nob Hill. This city's district of Haight-Ashbury was a center of hippie culture. Its namesake body of water contains Treasure Island and Angel Island; across that bay lies Oakland. For 10 points, name this city at the south end of the Golden Gate Bridge.

{San Francisco,} California

q490_2

This man sent the Great White Fleet on a tour of the world to impress Japan, and ended a conflict between Japan and Russia with the Treaty of Portsmouth. He recruited several college buddies to serve together as the Rough Riders unit during the Spanish-American War. He began "trustbusting" with the Standard Oil Case. For 10 points, name this president from 1901 to 1909, whose nickname provided the name for a toy bear.

{Theodore Roosevelt} [or {Teddy Roosevelt;} or {T.R.;} prompt on Roosevelt]

q5047_2

This unit has gram and kilogram types depending on the amount of water used to define it. Its name is based on the Latin word for "heat". The gram type is a little over four joules, a unit that has in many contexts become a more common unit of (*) energy than this one. For 10 points, name this unit whose kilogram type is also known as the dietary type and is still used to measure the energy content of food.

calorie

q1292_1

This method of execution was used to kill both Charlotte Corday and Maximilian Robespierre. England's Henry VIII executed his wives Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn using this method. During the French Revolution, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were both executed by this method. For 10 points, name this method of execution that separates someone from an essential body part.

death/execution by {beheading} [{accept guillotine} and its word forms; accept any other answer that suggests {decapitation}]

q108_1

The energy of electromagnetic waves is obtained by multiplying Planck's constant "h" by this quantity. When an object such as a bridge vibrates at the natural state of this quantity, resonance occurs. For rotating devices, it is symbolized by omega and expressed in revolutions per second. For 10 points, name this property referring to the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time, which is measured in Hertz.

frequency [prompt on f; prompt on nu; prompt on omega before it is mentioned]

q1672_2

In one part of this work, Madame de Villefort (veel-FOR) goes on a poisoning spree for her son's inheritance, and the title character saves Valentine by building her resistance. In another part, Abbé (AHbay) Faria gives lessons to the title character in the Château d'If (shah-TOE DEEF). For 10 points, Mondego (mahn-DAY-go) and Danglars (dahn-GLAHR) conspire to imprison the title character, Edmond Dantes (DAN-tayss), in what Alexandre Dumas (doo-MAH) novel about a self-made nobleman?

The Count of Monte Cristo [or Le Comte de Monte-Cristo]

q1498_1

The IBM Model M is a particularly highly regarded example of this type of device. They sometimes use the Dvorak layout, but the most popular arrangement for them was designed by Christopher Sholes and is deliberately inefficient to avoid (*) jamming. For 10 points, name these devices that often use the QWERTY [KWUR-tee] layout, and are used to enter numbers and letters into a computer.

(computer or typewriter) {keyboards}

q101_3

The D double prime layer lies in the lowest part of this region. The upper part of this region mainly consists of magnesium-iron silicates such as pyroxene (“pie-ROX-een”) and olivine (“olive een”). This layer extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers and contains more than half the Earth's mass. For 10 points, name this molten layer of the Earth that is found between the crust and the core.

{mantle}

q1465_2

In this novel, Bonnie Blue dies while trying to jump a fence with her horse. Its protagonist stays in love with the owner of the Twelve Oaks plantation, Ashley Wilkes, even while she is married to the Confederate blockade runner Rhett Butler. It largely takes place on the plantation Tara. For 10 points, name this Margaret Mitchell novel about the Southern beauty Scarlett O'Hara.

{Gone With the Wind}

q7333_3

Most Semitic, Germanic, and Romance languages have a preterite (“PREH-tur-it”) form of this tense. In Spanish, the “imperfect” form of this tense conjugates –ar (“A-R”) verbs to include the stem –aba (“A- B-A”). In French, the “compound” version requires an auxiliary verb, either avoir (“ah-VOIR”) or être (“ET-ruh”). In English, this tense is typically indicated by adding –ed (“E-D”) to the end of verbs. For 10 points, name this tense that indicates an action done before the present.

{past} tense

q1493_4

During the Civil War, this city was defended by Fort St. Philip and controversially occupied by Union general Benjamin Butler. The Sieur de Bienville led a group of French settlers here in 1718. This city's suburb of Metairie contains the southern end of the Lake (*) Pontchartrain Causeway. Its Lower Ninth Ward was damaged when levees were weakened by a 2005 storm. For 10 points, what Louisiana city was devastated by Hurricane Katrina?

New Orleans, Louisiana

q5411_1

One law named for this scientist is due to the conservation of angular momentum, and states that a line drawn from a planet to the center of its orbit will sweep out equal areas in equal times. This writer of Astronomia nova and Mysterium cosmographicum analyzed data collected by (*) Tycho Brahe [TEE-koh BRAH] to develop that statement as well as to determine that planets' orbits are ellipses. For 10 points, name this German astronomer who published three laws of planetary motion.

Johannes Kepler

q326_2

In one story by this author, General Lasalle's army saves the narrator from the Inquisition. Another narrator describes a sound like "a watch makes when enveloped in cotton." In a poem by this author, the title creature is perched on a "pallid bust of Pallas." For 10 points, name this author of "The Pit and the Pendulum" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" who told of a bird crying "Nevermore" in "The Raven."

Edgar Allen {Poe}

q13259_4

This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang." It won the 1944 World Series over the Browns, with whom it used to share Sportsman's Park. Its 1968 championship team featured Lou Brock and Bob Gibson. In February 2011 this team signed former center fielder Jim Edmonds to a minor league deal. For 10 points, name this NL Central team whose lineup includes Matt Holliday and Albert Pujols.

St. Louis Cardinals [or St. Louis Cardinals]

q313_1

This city contains the neo-gothic Votive Church, and its Karlskirche (KARLS-keer-kuh) is the largest Baroque Cathedral north of the Alps. It is the capital of a country with such states as Burgenland, Tyrol, and Styria. This city's Ring Boulevard was ordered to be restructured by Franz Joseph I, and it lies on the Danube just upriver from Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. For 10 points, name this capital of Austria.

{Vienna,} Austria [or {Wien}]

q398_2

The first prime minister of this country gave a speech outlining the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence that formed a basis for a treaty with China, and he also gave the "Tryst with Destiny" speech. Another prime minister was assassinated by her bodyguards in 1984 soon after approving an attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar. (*) For 10 points name this country once headed by Jawaharlal Nehru that disputes the status of Kashmir with Pakistan.

Republic of {India} [accept {Bhārat Gaṇarājya}]

q12758_4

At the bottom right of this painting, a girl steps on a dog, while a nun stands next to a servant. In the back, a figure is shown pausing on the stairs and looking at the central group. The king and the queen can be seen in a mirror, and the painter himself is shown holding a paint brush. For 10 points, identify this painting of the Spanish court in which maids surround the Infant Margarita, by Diego Velazquez.

{Las Meninas} [accept The {Maids} of {Honor}]

q582_4

Works of this type include "The Library of Babel" and "The Garden of Forking Paths," both by Jorge Luis Borges. A Japanese master of these works is Ryunosuke Akutagawa, a French master is Guy de Maupassant, and a Russian master is Anton Chekhov. Novellas are long examples of this type of writing, which typically focuses on a single event. For 10 points, name this concise type of fiction named for its length.

{short story} [accept short stories by Jorge Luis Borges before it is read; prompt on fiction; prompt on story; prompt on prose; do not accept "novel"]

q1735_4

In one scene in this novel, a Sheep talks of "crabs" and "feathers" while rowing. This novel begins with the protagonist blaming the black kitten, the offspring of Dinah, for the whole thing. In this novel, the protagonist plays a massively scaled chess game with the Red Queen. For 10 points, name this sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland whose title refers to the other side of a mirror.

{Through the Looking}-{Glass} [do not accept or prompt on "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" or "Alice in Wonderland"]

q7369_4

The oldest person to hold this position was Roger Taney (TAW-nee). This office serves as Chancellor of the Smithsonian, and also presides over Presidential impeachment trials. It was held by Charles Evans Hughes, John Marshall, and Earl Warren, the latter of whom wrote an opinion that mandated the so-called “Miranda Rights”. For 10 points, name this position currently held by John Roberts Jr., the head of the federal judiciary.

{Chief Justice} of the Supreme Court

q2475_4

This state of matter is the initial and final phase in regelation, and it is to the left of the triple point on phase diagrams. This starting point for sublimation is the most common state for elements at room temperature and pressure. One type of it is amorphous, though it generally is characterized by an orderly pattern on molecules. For 10 points, name this state that includes crystals, the endpoint of freezing.

solids

q1784_3

In one of this man's stories, Bill and Sam kidnap the title bratty son of Ebenezer Dorset. In addition to "The Ransom of Red Chief," he wrote a work in which Jim and Stella buy a comb set and a watch chain for one another but end up sacrificing the watch and the hair for which the gifts were meant. For 10 points, name this writer of the collection The Four Million, which contains his short story "The Gift of the Magi."

O. Henry [or William Sydney Porter]

q3833_3

This man wrote about an animal who steals from the farmers Boggis, Bunce and Bean in The Fantastic Mister Fox. He also wrote about a girl with psychic powers who reads every book in the library and then loses her powers in Miss Honey's class in his book Matilda. A better known book by this man sees its title fruit get stuck on top of the Empire State Building. For 10 points, name this author of James and the Giant Peach.

Roald {Dahl}

q192_2

This city was named after the Pottawatomie (POT-ah-WAH-tah-mee) for either "smelly onion place" or "skunk." An early road in this city crossed the "Nine-Mile Swamp" and Des Plaines (day PLAINS) River. Its Statistical Metropolitan Area includes Kenosha and Gary. This seat of Cook County is on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. For 10 points, name this third largest city in the United States known as the "Windy City."

Chicago

q3618_1

The protagonists of this song's music video throw magazines, clothes and an empty fishbowl out an open window. This song notes that "maybe I was stupid for telling you goodbye" regarding a boy who the singer supposes is sorry because "you're (*) standing at my door." This song's chorus notes that "you've got a piece of me and honestly" before expressing the title sentiment. For 10 points, name this Kelly Clarkson song about how terrible life would be without its addressee.

\"My Life Would Suck Without You\"

q662_1

A rebellion in this state for electoral rights was led by Thomas Dorr. The HMS Gaspee was burned off its coast. Metacomet's death and the Great Swamp Fight took place in this state, and Samuel Slater established the first American textile mill in its city of Pawtucket. Home to the Narragansett tribe and founded by Roger Williams at (*) Providence, for 10 points, name this state that first declared independence from Britain.

State of {Rhode Island} and {Providence} Plantations

q2200_1

The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (“SHWARTZ child”) radius. According to quantum mechanics, these objects emit Hawking radiation. One of them, Sagittarius A Star, sits at the center of our galaxy and has four million times the mass of our sun. For 10 points, what are these objects in outer space from which supposedly nothing, not even light, can escape?

{black holes}

q3833_4

This man wrote about an animal who steals from the farmers Boggis, Bunce and Bean in The Fantastic Mister Fox. He also wrote about a girl with psychic powers who reads every book in the library and then loses her powers in Miss Honey's class in his book Matilda. A better known book by this man sees its title fruit get stuck on top of the Empire State Building. For 10 points, name this author of James and the Giant Peach.

Roald {Dahl}

q1591_4

This is the major key in which both Sergei Prokofiev's "Classical" Symphony and J.S. Bach's Air on a G String were written. A basic guitar chord of this type does not play the fifth and sixth strings and leaves open the fourth string as the root of the chord. Johann Pachelbel (PAHK-uh-BELL) wrote a canon in this key whose relative minor is B minor. For 10 points, name this major key whose key signature has two sharps.

{D} major

q2367_1

One show on this television channel features Little Suzy and the title character's mother, named Bunny. In addition to Johnny Bravo, one of this channel's shows included such characters as Mandark and Dee-Dee, who bothered her brother. (*) For 10 points, name this television channel that aired such shows as Dexter's Laboratory and The Powerpuff Girls but is now better known for airing Regular Show and Adventure Time.

{Cartoon Network} [accept {Boomerang} before \"Mandark\" is read]

q5666_1

Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena. Gounod's [goo-noh's] Ave Maria is based on a prelude from this composer's Well-Tempered Clavier, and Mendelssohn revived his setting of the St. Matthew Passion. The Art of Fugue was composed by, for 10 points, what German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos?

{Johann Sebastian Bach} [accept {Coffee Cantata} before "cantata" is read]

q1025_2

A self-help book by Spencer Johnson asks “Who Moved?” this object. The main character of the title “Fairly Stupid Tale” in a collection by Jon Scieszka (“SHEESH-kuh”) is a man made of a “stinky” kind of this food. In “The Farmer and the Dell,” it stands alone. The moon is not actually made of a green version of it. For 10 points, name this dairy product that comes in provolone and Swiss varieties.

{cheese} [accept {Who Moved My Cheese?} before “this object”]

q966_5

Variations of this orchestral instrument include the Japanese shakuhachi (SHAH-koo-HAH-chee) and Armenian sring. French models of this instrument have open holes, and this instrument represents the bird in Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf. Unlike other woodwinds, it lacks a reed. It comes in end-blown and side-blown varieties. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument, whose varieties include the piccolo.

flute

q2450_1

These objects have only three externally verifiable properties: mass, charge, and angular momentum, according to the no-hair theorem, and their size can be determined using the Schwarzschild radius. They can be formed following a supernova, and one of them is believed to be at the (*) center of the Milky Way. For 10 points, name these astronomical entities from which light cannot escape.

black holes

q844_2

As president, this man shut down the Second Bank of the United States. This president had a group of friends and advisers called the "kitchen cabinet." This victor at the Battle of New Orleans forced the removal of the Cherokee from their land by signing the Indian Removal Act. For 10 points, name this man nicknamed "Old Hickory," the seventh president.

Andrew {Jackson} [prompt on {Old Hickory} before mentioned]

q1753_2

This man fought alongside Hirtius and Pansa at one battle, and he founded Nicopolis near where his friend Marcus Agrippa won a battle at the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf. In those battles, Mutina and Actium, this man fought a man who had joined him and Lepidus in the Second Triumvirate. Victorious over Mark Antony in a civil war, he was the adopted son of (*) Julius Caesar. For 10 points, name this first Roman Emperor.

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus [or Gaius Octavius Thurinus or Octavian]

q456_3

This leader has a weekly talk show, Aló Presidente (ah-LO pre-zi-DEN-tay), which went on hiatus in June 2011 when he traveled to Cuba for cancer treatment. This leader called Barack Obama a "clown" and has suggested that the U.S. is responsible for numerous cases of cancer among various South American leaders. For 10 points, name this current President of Venezuela.

Hugo Chavez

q2154_1

In this work, Unferth boasts about beating the protagonist in a swimming contest. As his dying action, the protagonist gives Wiglaf a royal gold collar. Partly taking place in the mead hall Heorot, this work presents Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, as helpless in battling a (*) monster who comes nightly to eat warriors. For 10 points, name this Old English epic poem in which the title hero kills Grendel and Grendel's mother.

Beowulf

q2094_1

Reverend Shannon works as a tour guide in this author's Night of the Iguana. In another play, after Jim O'Connor reveals he is engaged to Laura, Tom Wingfield leaves his family. One of his characters has "always depended on the kindness of strangers;" that character is institutionalized by Stanley Kowalski. For 10 points, name this author of The Glass Menagerie who created Blanche DuBois (doo-BWAH) in A Streetcar Named Desire.

(Thomas Lanier) "Tennessee" Williams [accept Night of the Iguana before it is read]

q317_1

In the movie Cats & Dogs, he provided the voice for Lou the Beagle. In another movie, he and his sister, played by Reese Witherspoon, are transported to the 1950s sitcom Pleasantville. He played a Depression-era jockey who somehow finds success on an undersized horse in Seabiscuit. For 10 points, name this actor who starred as Peter Parker in the first trilogy of Spider-Man movies.

{Tobey Maguire}

q1219_4

This man's essays include one about a policeman in Burma "Shooting an Elephant." He wrote a novel in which O'Brien sends Winston Smith to Room 101 in the dystopian state of Oceania. In another novel by this man, the death of Old Major results in a power struggle between Snowball and Napoleon, who represent Trotsky and Stalin. For 10 points, name this author of 1984 and Animal Farm.

George Orwell [or Eric Arthur Blair]

q4866_4

Temples dedicated to this god include the Trimbakeshwar and Ramanaswathamy. Five is a sacred number to this god, which is reflected in his namesake "Five Mantras". His sons are Kartikeya and Ganesha. Although he's not Vishnu, this god has a number of avatars, and his wife is (*) Parvati. For 10 points, name this Hindu god which, along with Brahma and Vishnu, makes up the Hindu trimurti, a "destroyer" god.

Shiva [accept Shiva the Destroyer, Shiva the Transformer]

q4074_2

This planet was mapped by the Magellan probe. This planet had a notable transition of the sun in 2004 and is scheduled to make another in 2012. When it appears, it is this brightest object in the night sky. Its dense, carbon dioxide dominated atmosphere results in a runaway greenhouse effect. For 10 points, name this planet named after the Roman goddess of love, the second planet from the sun.

Venus

q794_2

One story in this book involves a man who marries a daughter of Jethro; that man's mother is Jochebed (JOE-keh-bed) and his sister is Miriam. This book begins with the death of Joseph and sees a ruler declare that all newborn Jewish babies must be drowned in the Nile. In this book, Aaron and Moses ask the pharaoh to "let my people go." For 10 points, the Jews' flight from Egypt is detailed in what second book of the Bible?

Book of {Exodus} [accept {Shemot} and {Names}]

q466_3

This style emerged in Great Britain in the mid-1950's and was started by the Independent Group. Some examples of this style include the "combines" of Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns's work Flag. Its most famous practitioner founded a studio known as "The Factory" and produced reproductions of everyday objects such as Campbell's Soup Cans. For 10 points name this type of art practiced Andy Warhol.

{Pop} Art

q108_3

The energy of electromagnetic waves is obtained by multiplying Planck's constant "h" by this quantity. When an object such as a bridge vibrates at the natural state of this quantity, resonance occurs. For rotating devices, it is symbolized by omega and expressed in revolutions per second. For 10 points, name this property referring to the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time, which is measured in Hertz.

frequency [prompt on f; prompt on nu; prompt on omega before it is mentioned]

q249_3

This singer claims "I'd wait for you forever and a day" and "your world is my world" in one song. Big Sean wonders "I don't know if this makes sense, but you're my hallelujah" in a song where this singer says he'll be your (*) platinum, silver and gold. In another song, this singer says "you'll never be alone" and "I can be a gentleman" if he was the title figure. For 10 points, name this singer of "As Long As You Love Me" and "Boyfriend."

Justin Bieber

q3001_4

This man defeated Caleb Boggs in a 1972 Senate election; the following month his wife and daughter were killed in an accident. In 2013, he and John Lewis led a re-enactment of the Selma civil rights march, and in 2012 he said on national television, "With all due respect, that's a bunch of (*) malarkey." He now heads a Gun Violence Task Force. For 10 points, name this former Delaware Senator who is currently the Vice President.

({Joseph} Robinette) {\"Joe\" Biden}

q1700_5

Fatty acids contain long chains of hydrogen and this element. Methane consists of four hydrogens bonded to this element. One form of this element in a cylindrical structure is the strongest known material, and is known as a namesake nanotube. Organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing this element. Its allotropes include diamond and graphite. For 10 points, name this element that makes up all living things.

carbon [or C; accept carbon nanotubes before "nanotube"]

q2294_4

While president of the Estates-General (es-TAHTS zhay-nay-RAHL), this man presented the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen to Louis XVI. He refused to become dictator after the 1830 July Revolution. Earlier, he had helped to secure French aid to the American Revolution. For 10 points, name this "Hero of Two Worlds," a French general who was George Washington's aide-de-camp.

Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de {Lafayette}

q711_4

This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free. As an infant, this deity stole Apollo's cattle and gave Apollo the lyre he had invented. For 10 points, identify this Greek messenger god often depicted with his winged sandals.

{Hermes}

q522_1

In this novel, Bob Sheldon and Randy Adderson take part in an attack on Johnny, causing Johnny to fear for his life. Johnny and his best friend meet two girls at a theater, who turn out to be their attackers' girlfriends, Marcia and Cherry. Later in this novel, Johnny tells Ponyboy to "stay gold," just before he dies of injuries sustained in a fire. For 10 points, identify this novel by S.E. Hinton.

The Outsiders

q3313_2

This figure met his demise when he was struck by a piece of wood from his own vessel. While in Colchis (“COAL-chiss”) visiting King Aeetes (“ay-EE-tees”), he accomplished such tasks as yoking fire- breathing oxen and dispatching a group of warriors that sprang forth after dragon teeth were sown into the ground, all to get the Golden Fleece. He was aided in these tasks by his future wife Medea. For 10 points, name this leader of the Argonauts.

{Jason}

q1768_2

One book by this author features an adolescent girl with a Christian mother and a Jewish father who attempts a year-long independent study of people's beliefs while trying to deal with going through puberty. Another of her books features a five-year-old boy who names his myna bird Uncle Feather and constantly annoys his brother Peter. For 10 points, name this author of Are You There God, It's Me, Margaret and Superfudge.

Judy Blume

q1020_3

This object was delivered not with an inflatable "airbag" system like its predecessors, but with a "sky crane" system that was untested prior to its deployment, which was called "Seven Minutes of Terror." Its arrival at Gale Crater on August 6, 2012 was observed by the Odyssey orbiter. (*) For 10 points, name this semi-autonomous, car-sized rover currently conducting experiments on a certain red planet.

{Curiosity} rover [or Mars Science Laboratory; or {MSL}]

q1429_3

The first step in this process can be further broken down into leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene phases. A common problem during this process is nondisjunction, which leads to conditions such as Klinefelter's Syndrome and Down Syndrome. This process involves two instances of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. For 10 points, name this process used to create haploid cells, such as sperm and eggs.

{meiosis} [do not accept or prompt on "mitosis"]

q281_3

The Bukit Timah (“boo-KIT tee-MAH”) Nature Reserve is the largest area of rainforest left in this city. The five star Raffles Hotel is named after the city's founder, while the island of Sentosa is home to a new Universal Studios Theme Park. Its Changi (“CHANG-eye”) airport is a regional hub, and the city is connected by bridge to Johor (“JO-hor”), in Malaysia. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian city-state, the most densely populated country in Asia.

Republic of {Singapore}

q1128_1

One character in this work is demoted upon releasing his female prisoner; he later returns a gold coin to its owner. That character professes his love to his ex-prisoner in the "Flower Song, who is also serenaded in the bullfighter Escamillo's (ESS-kah-MEE-yo's) "Toreador Song." The singer of the "Habanera" (HAH-bahn-YAY-ruh) is stabbed by Don José in, for 10 points, what opera about a Spanish gypsy girl by Georges Bizet?

Carmen

q2332_3

This woman allied with Walter White to push the failed Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill, but the President refused to publicly endorse it. She and Wendell Wilkie were the first honorary chairpersons of Freedom House. She arranged Marian Anderson's concert at the Lincoln Memorial. As a delegate to the UN from 1945-1952, she also helped draft the Declaration of Human Rights. (*) For 10 points, name this First Lady, the wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

(Anna) Eleanor Roosevelt [prompt on \"Roosevelt\"]