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The amount of summer sea ice in the Arctic has steadily declined over the past few decades because of man-made global warming, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. | The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts. | 0 | [
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More than half of the 44 studies selected for publication found that raised levels of CO2 had little or no impact on marine life, including crabs, limpets, sea urchins and sponges | It is one of the most important determinants of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, and thus of global temperatures. | 0 | [
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"The observed data show that CFCs conspiring with cosmic rays most likely caused both the Antarctic ozone hole and global warming... | Changing the type of vegetation in a region impacts the local temperature by changing how much sunlight gets reflected back into space, called albedo, and how much heat is lost by evaporation. | 0 | [
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Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet. | Theories vary in the extent to which they have been tested and verified, as well as their acceptance in the scientific community. | 0 | [
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With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago | For instance, a 2016 study led by Jim Hansen concluded that based on past climate change data, sea level rise could accelerate exponentially in the coming decades, with a doubling time of 10, 20 or 40 years, respectively, raising the ocean by several meters in 50, 100 or 200 years. | 1 | [
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Global warming is causing more hurricanes and stronger hurricanes. | The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts. | 1 | [
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the mild warming of around 0.8 degrees Celsius that the planet has experienced since the middle of the 19th century | Also more than 2,000 people died in Karachi, Pakistan in June 2015 due to a severe heat wave with temperatures as high as 49 °C (120 °F). | 0 | [
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Everybody knows that the Pacific island of Tuvalu is sinking. ... | A storm surge of 14 ft (4.2 m) occurred in New York City during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. | 0 | [
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The figure traditionally cited that suggests 97 per cent of climate scientists agree that global warming is man-made was also found to be flawed. | To keep warming below 2 °C, more stringent emission reductions in the near-term would allow for less rapid reductions after 2030. | 0 | [
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Data from NOAA’s Barrow Alaska station ‘indicate that October through December emissions of CO2 from surrounding tundra increased by 73 percent since 1975, supporting the view that rising temperatures have made Arctic ecosystems a net source of CO2.’” | He attempted to show that they originated from changes in Earth's orbit. | 0 | [
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Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. | The effects include the volcanic eruption itself that may cause harm following the explosion of the volcano or falling rocks. | 0 | [
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In particular, PMOD alters the data from the Nimbus7/ERB record from 1989 to 1991. | As with glaciers worldwide, those of the greater Himalayan region are experiencing a decline in mass, and researchers claim that between the early 1970s and early 2000s, there had been a 9 percent reduction in ice mass. | 0 | [
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Soares looks at short-term trends which are swamped by natural variations. | "UK ivory ban to be 'toughest' in the world". | 0 | [
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Polar bears are in danger of extinction as well as many other species. | The key danger posed by climate change is malnutrition or starvation due to habitat loss. | 1 | [
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IPCC overestimate temperature rise. | A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. | 0 | [
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A United Nations report has identified the world's rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate, forests and wildlife. ... | The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats. | 1 | [
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Which means that if the planet is five degrees warmer at the end of the century, we may have as many as 50 percent more people to feed and 50 percent less grain to give them.” | Although plants produce 54 billion metric tons of carbohydrates per year, when the population is expected to grow to 9 billion by 2050, the plants may not be able to keep up ( Biello ). | 1 | [
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“Yet, a new study of 60 climate models and scenarios shows this warning fails to take into account the fact that global warming will mean precipitation increases. | The area in which extremely hot summers are observed has increased 50-100 fold. | 0 | [
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When we do the calculations and include all radiative forcings and the amount of heat being absorbed by the oceans, it shows that the Earth has warmed almost exactly as much as we would expect. | The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago. | 0 | [
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Excess CO2 from human emissions has a long residence time of over 100 years | The average residence time of a water molecule in the atmosphere is only about nine days, compared to years or centuries for other greenhouse gases such as CH 4 and CO 2. | 1 | [
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The most vulnerable parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet could raise the sea level by 10 to 15 feet, inundating many of the world’s coastal cities, though most scientists think that would take well over a century, or perhaps longer. | In 2016, improved computer modeling revealed that the breakup of glaciers could lead to a steep rise in sea levels much more quickly than previously projected. | 1 | [
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The global dimming trend reversed around 1990 - 15 years after the global warming trend began in the mid 1970's. | The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reports that September's global average temperature was the largest departure from normal for any month on record. | 0 | [
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When life is considered, ocean acidification is often found to be a non-problem, or even a benefit. | For example, in regards to safety, the report found a [ high ] potential for undesirable ecological side effects, and that ocean fertilization may increase anoxic regions of ocean ( 'dead zones' ). | 1 | [
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A natural cycle requires a forcing, and no known forcing exists that fits the fingerprints of observed warming - except anthropogenic greenhouse gases. | Increased concentrations of gases such as CO 2 ( ~20% ), ozone and N 2O are external forcing on the other hand. | 1 | [
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Carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to the global warming that we see. | EPA chief Scott Pruitt says carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to global warming. | 1 | [
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The thermal expansion of the oceans, compounded by melting glaciers, resulted in the highest global sea level on record in 2015. | The three main reasons warming causes global sea level to rise are : oceans expand, ice sheets lose ice faster than it forms from snowfall, and glaciers at higher altitudes also melt. | 1 | [
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January 2008 capped a 12 month period of global temperature drops on all of the major well respected indicators. | With average temperature +8.1 °C ( 47 °F ). | 1 | [
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Water levels correlate with sunspots | A heat wave, or heatwave, is a period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity, especially in oceanic climate countries. | 0 | [
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Top Scientist Hal Lewis Resigns Over Climate Change Corruption | Some of the meteorological variables that are commonly measured are temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and precipitation. | 0 | [
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They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’” | Melting of this ice may release large quantities of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas into the atmosphere, causing further warming in a strong positive feedback cycle and marine genus and species to become extinct. | 0 | [
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All the indicators show that global warming is still happening. | Globally, these effects are estimated to have led to a slight cooling, dominated by an increase in surface albedo. | 1 | [
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Scientists project that the Arctic will be ice-free in the summer of 2013. | The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by 1.5 °F (0.83 °C) since 1880. | 0 | [
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Ice Sheet losses are overestimated. | This phrase next appeared in a November 1957 report in The Hammond Times which described Roger Revelle's research into the effects of increasing human-caused CO 2 emissions on the greenhouse effect: "a large scale global warming, with radical climate changes may result". | 0 | [
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But it is part of a long list of studies from independent teams (as this interactive graphic shows), using a variety of methods that take account of critical challenges, all of which conclude that climate models exhibit too much sensitivity to greenhouse gases. | They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. | 0 | [
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Surface measurements find more downward infrared radiation warming the planet's surface. | The refinery reduces its carbon emissions, whilst the nursery enjoys boosted tomato yields and does not need to provide its own greenhouse heating. | 0 | [
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You're going to have an increase in the amount of ice in Antarctica because of global warming. | According to NASA, the most widespread Antarctic surface melting of the past 30 years occurred in 2005, when an area of ice comparable in size to California briefly melted and refroze; this may have resulted from temperatures rising to as high as 5 °C ( 41 °F ). | 1 | [
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New Study Confirms EVs Considerably Worse For Climate Than Diesel Cars. | A study by Cambridge Econometrics shows the potential air pollution benefits of EVs. | 1 | [
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CO2 is increasing rapidly, and is reaching levels not seen on the earth for millions of years. | The present concentration is the highest for 14 million years. | 1 | [
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carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate. | The effect of combustion-produced carbon dioxide on the global climate, a special case of the greenhouse effect first described in 1896 by Svante Arrhenius, has also been called the Callendar effect. | 1 | [
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The sun has shown no long term trend since 1950 and in fact has shown a slight cooling trend in recent decades. | Scientists have determined that the major factors causing the current climate change are greenhouse gases, land use changes, and aerosols and soot. | 0 | [
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Eleven percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are caused by deforestation — comparable to the emissions from all of the cars and trucks on the planet. | The estimate of total CO 2 emissions includes biotic carbon emissions, mainly from deforestation. | 1 | [
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Natural climate solutions like ending deforestation and restoring degraded forests could, at the global level, create 80 million jobs, bring 1 billion people out of poverty and add US$ 2.3 trillion in productive growth. | This included the following seventeen goals : Poverty – End poverty in all its forms everywhere Food – End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Health – Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Education – Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Women – Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Water – Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Energy – Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all Economy – Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Infrastructure – Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Inequality – Reduce inequality within and among countries Habitation – Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Consumption – Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Climate – Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, ensuring that both mitigation and adaptation strategies are in place Marine-ecosystems – Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Ecosystems – Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Institutions – Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels Sustainability – Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development As of August 2015[ update ], there were 169 proposed targets for these goals and 304 proposed indicators to show compliance. | 1 | [
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It is expected the report will focus on required changes to the energy system, rather than forests. | A 2019 study showed that Antarctica is losing ice six times faster than it was 40 years ago. | 0 | [
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Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past. | This has led to increases in mean global temperature, or global warming. | 0 | [
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The top five countries for passenger aviation-related carbon emissions were rounded out by China, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany. | Some climate researchers and activists have characterized it as an existential threat to civilization. | 0 | [
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With more CO2 in the atmosphere, the challenge [feeding 2.5 billion more people] can and will be met. | In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. | 0 | [
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Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming | Three volumes of an annual peer-reviewed journal, Philosophy and Geography, were published by Rowman & Littlefield Press which later became a bi-annual journal published by Carfax publishers. | 0 | [
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The IPCC confirms that computer modeling predicts the existence of a tropical, mid-troposphere “hot spot” about 10km above the Earth’s surface. | Computer models are run on supercomputers to reproduce and predict the circulation of the oceans, the annual cycle of the seasons, and the flows of carbon between the land surface and the atmosphere. | 1 | [
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CO2 limits won't cool the planet. | Occupational CO 2 exposure limits have been set in the United States at 0.5% ( 5000 ppm ) for an eight-hour period. | 1 | [
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The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen. | The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased Myths vs. Facts : Denial of Petitions for Reconsideration of the Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202( a ) of the Clean Air Act. | 1 | [
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Global human emissions are only 3 per cent of total annual emissions. | It is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gases, responsible for 18% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions as measured in CO2 equivalents. | 1 | [
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I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell ( Texas Governor Rick Perry ) | Perry was re-elected to a second full term in office, winning 39% of the vote to Bell's 30%, Strayhorn's 18% and Friedman's 12%. | 1 | [
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Consequently, the total amount of Arctic sea ice in 2008 and 2009 are the lowest on record. | The previous record of the lowest area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice in 2012 saw a low of 1.58 million square miles ( 4.09 million square kilometers ). | 1 | [
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A recent Nature study expecting more severe hurricanes from global warming still found that damages would halve from 0.04 per cent to 0.02 per cent of global GDP, because the increased ferocity would be more than made up by increased prosperity and resilience. | In 2019 the National Bureau of Economic Research found that increase in average global temperature by 0.04 °C per year, in absence of mitigation policies, will reduce world real GDP per capita by 7.22% by 2100. | 1 | [
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The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted. | Ed Hawkins, of the University of Reading, stated that the surface temperatures since 2005 are already at the low end of the range of projections derived from 20 climate models. | 1 | [
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His best estimate is that the warming in response to a doubling of CO2 concentration, which may happen this century unless the usual suspects get away with shutting down the economies of the West, will be a harmless 1 Fahrenheit degree, not the 6 F predicted by the IPCC." | But, more accurately, global warming is the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation, while climate change includes both global warming and its effects, such as changes in precipitation. | 0 | [
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“Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. | Nonetheless, large-scale conflicts continued throughout the West into the 1900s. | 0 | [
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CO2 levels are rising so fast that unless we decrease emissions, global warming will accelerate this century. | In SI units, the Planck temperature is about 1.417×1032 kelvin (equivalently, degrees Celsius, since the difference is trivially small at this scale), or 2.55×1032 degrees Fahrenheit or Rankine. | 0 | [
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( 2009 ) have demonstrated recently – the upper troposphere ( the only place where adding CO2 to the atmosphere could make any difference to temperature ) is considerably drier than the models are tuned to expect. | If, on the contrary, the upper air is cooler than predicted by the adiabatic lapse rate, then when the air parcel rises to its new height it will have a higher temperature and a lower density than its surroundings, and will continue to accelerate upward. | 1 | [
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as continents rise after the overlying ice has melted | The addition of water lowers the melting point of the mantle material above the subducting slab, causing it to melt. | 1 | [
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195 countries signed the 2015 Paris Agreement, agreeing to limit global warming and adapt to climate change, partly by protecting nature. | A 2013 study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Research Letters analyzed 11,944 abstracts from papers published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature between 1991 and 2011, identified by searching the ISI Web of Science citation index engine for the text strings "global climate change" or "global warming". | 0 | [
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Human activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s (IPCC, 2013). | Environmental sustainability concerns the natural environment and how it endures and remains diverse and productive. | 0 | [
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Global Ocean Circulation Appears To Be Collapsing Due To A Warming Planet | Isotopes of carbon and oxygen indicate a shift to a global cooling climate. | 1 | [
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[ Wind energy ] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative. | Renewable energy now cheaper than new fossil fuels in Australia. | 1 | [
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Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000. | The authors of this study believe that the mentioned agricultural crisis will begin to have an effect on the world after 2020, and will become critical after 2050. | 0 | [
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When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color. | The loss of the colorful algae causes the coral to turn white. | 1 | [
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Cold weather to grip world as solar minimum to deepen, NASA says | The projections apply to the end of the 21st century (2090–99), relative to temperatures at the end of the 20th century (1980–99). | 0 | [
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Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe. | Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling. | 0 | [
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Worst-case global heating scenarios may need to be revised upwards in light of a better understanding of the role of clouds, scientists have said. | This law is the basis of temperature. | 0 | [
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While transient weather variability is playing a key role here, the widespread record warmth across the U.S. so far this year is part of a long-term trend toward more warm temperature records versus cold ones. | Global surface temperature is subject to short-term fluctuations that overlie long-term trends, and can temporarily mask or magnify them. | 1 | [
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Mount Kilimanjaro's shrinking glacier is complicated and not due to just global warming. | Between 1870 and 1914, Sweden began developing the industrialised economy that exists today. | 0 | [
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When the measuring equipment gets old and needs replacing, it often requires re-calibration. | Common in the oil and gas industry to replace old or damaged pipes on a like-for-like basis, the advantage of dimensional control survey is that the instrument used to conduct the survey does not need to be level. | 1 | [
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Of the rise in temperature during the 20th century, the bulk occurred from 1900 to 1940. | The average July temperature from 1981 to 2010 is 19.2 °C ( 66.6 °F ). | 1 | [
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Back in the late 1980s, the UN claimed that if global warming were not checked by 2000, rising sea levels would wash entire counties away. | Not only does this increase the absorption of sunlight, it also increases melting and sea level rise. | 1 | [
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Your odds of correctly guessing the outcome of a flipped coin are 1 in 2, but your odds of guessing correctly twice in a row are only 1 in 4 — | They are important apex predators feeding on a wide variety of smaller fish and cephalopods. | 0 | [
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The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs and conspiracy theories that are contradicted by empirical observational data. | Man-made events include arcing from overhead power lines, arson, accidental ignition in the course of agricultural clearing, grinding and welding activities, campfires, cigarettes and dropped matches, sparks from machinery, and controlled burn escapes. | 0 | [
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Coral bleaching has devastated 93% of the Great Barrier Reef | For these reasons the role of tropospheric clouds in regulating weather and climate remains a leading source of uncertainty in global warming projections. | 0 | [
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Neptune's orbit is 164 years so observations (1950 to present day) span less than a third of a Neptunian year. | To cut carbon emissions by 15% below 2000 levels by 2020 if there is an agreement where major developing economies commit to substantially restrain emissions and advanced economies take on commitments comparable to Australia. | 0 | [
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The decline in tree-ring growth is openly discussed in papers and IPCC reports. | The issues with tree rings had not been hidden, but were extensively discussed in scientific literature and in IPCC reports. | 1 | [
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This was the case last year too, while earlier years in the DMI analysis period ( 1958-2010 ) hardly ever shows Arctic melt season temperatures this cold ( Frank Lansner ) | The Arctic's climate is characterized by cold winters and cool summers. | 1 | [
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Trenberth's views are clarified in the paper "An imperative for climate change planning: tracking Earth's global energy". | Despite one of the strongest El Nino ever recorded in the Pacific Ocean, a largely positive North Atlantic Oscillation prevailed over Europe during the Winter of 2015-2016. | 0 | [
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The idea that the much smaller carbon dioxide cycle is now controlling the water cycle is not very likely. | If CO 2 capture was part of a fuel cycle then the CO 2 would have value rather than be a cost. | 1 | [
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Extreme melting and changes to the climate like this has released pressure on to the continent, allowing the ground to rise up. | There is a threshold in surface warming beyond which a partial or near-complete melting of the Greenland ice sheet occurs. | 1 | [
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as the pathbreaking work by Rosamond Naylor and David Battisti has shown, the tropics are already too hot to efficiently grow grain, and those places where grain is produced today are already at optimal growing temperature — which means even a small warming will push them down the slope of declining productivity. | Human activities emit about 29 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year, while volcanoes emit between 0.2 and 0.3 billion tons. | 0 | [
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“There is now less sea ice on Earth than at any time on record. | This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels. | 1 | [
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To make matters worse, the water temperatures in the Arctic Ocean are several degrees above average, which is an expected result of having less sea ice. | The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities. | 1 | [
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Mount Kilimanjaro's shrinking glacier is complicated and not due to just global warming. | There are currently 11 small glaciers, which are shrinking rapidly, and will likely be gone forever by 2050, due to global warming[ citation needed ]. | 1 | [
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In 1905, PDO switched to a warm phase. | During El Nino events, deep convection and heat transfer to the troposphere is enhanced over the anomalously warm sea surface temperature, this ENSO-related tropical forcing generates Rossby waves that propagate poleward and eastward and are subsequently refracted back from the pole to the tropics. | 1 | [
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Pollard and DeConto are the first to admit that their model is still crude, but its results have pushed the entire scientific community into emergency mode. | The MPs had seen no evidence to support claims that Jones had tampered with data or interfered with the peer-review process. | 0 | [
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97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming. | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | 1 | [
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global warming ceased around the end of the twentieth century and was followed (since 1997) by 19 years of stable temperature. | A basic and common example of a negative feedback system in the environment is the interaction among cloud cover, plant growth, solar radiation, and planet temperature. | 0 | [
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During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax. | We'll scrap the carbon tax so your family will be $550 a year better off. | 1 | [
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President Hilda Heine has told reporters that longtime residents are leaving the Marshall Islands because climate change is threatening the nation’s existence.” | In addition to black carbon, fossil fuel and biofuel soot contain aerosols and particulate matter that cool the planet by reflecting the sun's radiation away from the Earth. | 0 | [
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Mars, Triton, Pluto and Jupiter all show global warming, pointing to the Sun as the dominating influence in determining climate throughout the solar system." | Even if emission of greenhouse gases stopped overnight, sea level rise will continue for centuries to come. | 0 | [
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IPCC were wrong about Himalayan glaciers | According to the recent estimates, Assam's per capita GDP is ₹6,157 at constant prices (1993–94) and ₹10,198 at current prices; almost 40% lower than that in India. | 0 | [
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Ever since 2012, scientists have been debating a complex and frankly explosive idea about how a warming planet will alter our weather — one that, if it’s correct, would have profound implications across the Northern Hemisphere and especially in its middle latitudes | Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years. | 0 | [
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The failure of the 2007 polar bear survival model is a simple fact that explodes the myth that polar bears are on their way to extinction. | The Quaternary period ( from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present ) saw the extinctions of numerous predominantly megafaunal species, which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity and the extinction of key ecological strata across the globe. | 1 | [
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More than 260,000 Americans are employed by the domestic solar industry a€” three times as many workers as employed by the entire coal mining industry. | The industry employs around 113,000 people directly and around 276,000 indirectly and has an annual turnover of around £20 billion. | 1 | [
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The CERN CLOUD experiment only tested one-third of one out of four requirements necessary to blame global warming on cosmic rays, and two of the other requirements have already failed. | Although its design is optimised to address the cosmic ray question, ( as posed by Henrik Svensmark and colleagues in 1997 ) CLOUD allows as well to measure aerosol nucleation and growth under controlled laboratory conditions. | 1 | [
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Monckton used the IPCC equation in an inappropriate manner. | Assessing dangerous climate change through an update of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) 'reasons for concern'. | 1 | [
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