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Martensitic Phase Transformation in TRIP-Steel/Mg-PSZ Honeycomb Composite Materials on Mechanical Load

Composite materials have been in focus of scientific studies since decades. Metal-matrix composites have received extensive attention in the last years. The combination of a metastable austenitic TRIP-steel with magnesia partially stabilized zirconia is presented in this study. The stress induced martensitic phase transformation in both components leads to advantageous mechanical behavior. Raised compression strength as well as increased specific energy absorption on plastic deformation offers a range of structural and crash-absorption applications. Samples with zirconia additions are reinforced by volume increase during tetragonal-monoclinic phase transformation at compressive strains below 35%. The microstructure and phase evolution of partially stabilized zirconia as well as steel has been investigated by EBSD with purpose to correlate mechanical properties with phase evolution.

Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.

eng_Latn

A Practical Synthesis of The Antibiotic Toyocamycin

Abstract The nucleoside antibiotic toyocamycin was synthesized by condensation of the silylated 4-amino-6-bromo-5-cyanopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranose, followed by debromination and deblocking.

Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.

eng_Latn

Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Applications of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Nanobiotechnology, Magnetohyperthermia and Photodiagnosis (Theranostics)

This article presents a complete review of phthalocyanine compounds, ranging from the basic synthesis and design of new molecules to biological applications, covering three of the most popular areas of study: (1) photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment, (2) nanobiotechnology and magnetohyperthermia, and (3) photodiagnosis (theranostics). All of the results summarized in this study demonstrate the potential to develop new molecules for new applications in the basic and applied sciences, including pharmaceutical and medical applications. More than thousands of products in the market use phthalocyanine dyes in a broad range of applications. The required level of purity and the challenges in the scaling up of production are the most limiting drawbacks for these proposed applications.

Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.

eng_Latn

Stereoselective synthesis of (−)-jimenezin

Total synthesis of jimenezin was achieved via radical cyclization of β-alkoxyacrylate and β-alkoxyvinyl sulfoxide intermediates and intramolecular olefin metathesis reaction.

Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.

eng_Latn

Computer-based patent searches: Using the IPC or free text?

Documentary indications of the British patent specification 14 79 444 are traced through various machine-readable stores (OTAF, DERWENT, CASEARCH, CLAIMS/US) and various printed collections (claims of German Offenlegungsschriften, US and GB abstracts and Chemical Abstracts). The traceability of patents such as GB 14 79 444 (electrolytic cell with diaphragm and titanium anodes with a catalytically active coating of platinum or ruthenium and their compounds) using the IPC and free text terms is compared. Symptomatically, it was found that free text searches go further than IPC searches, because they can reach a greater search depth.

Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.

eng_Latn

what color is methyl benzoate

Methyl benzoate is an organic compound. It is an ester with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CO 2 CH 3. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Methyl benzoate has a pleasant smell, strongly reminiscent of the fruit of the feijoa tree, and it is used in perfumery.It also finds use as a solvent and as a pesticide used to attract insects such as orchid bees.ethyl benzoate can be isolated from the freshwater fern Salvinia molesta. It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, which apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.

The chemical Fluticasone Propionate is white in color. The nasal spray also contains benzalkonium chloride, polysorbate, phenylethyl alcohol, microcrystalline cellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium. The nasal spray has aqueous suspension of the active ingredient that can be sprayed to the mucosa in the nose.

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does peppermint dissolve gallstones

Milk thistle and vitamin C help break it down. Peppermint oil helps dissolve gallstones. In a four-year British study, drugs plus peppermint oil dissolved stones better than drugs alone. Coffee strengthens gallbladder contractions, expelling stones so they don’t get stuck in gallbladder ducts.ilk thistle and vitamin C help break it down. Peppermint oil helps dissolve gallstones. In a four-year British study, drugs plus peppermint oil dissolved stones better than drugs alone. Coffee strengthens gallbladder contractions, expelling stones so they don’t get stuck in gallbladder ducts.

feb. 2013. http://liverflushing.com. Scientific proof that apple cider vinegar dissolves liver stones & gallstones. This experiment was done with fresh liver & gallbladder stones produced from a liver flush. Three stones where put in a glass mason jar with apple cider vinegar (ACV), after a few hours the stones began dissolving and breaking down.

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does cider vinegar lower blood pressure

According to www.Apple-Cider-Vinegar-Benefits.com, one tablespoon of apple cider vinegar and one tablespoon of honey in a glass of water twice a day can lower your blood pressure. Both vinegar and honey have the mineral magnesium in them. Magnesium works to relax the blood vessel walls and help you achieve normal blood pressure. If you're interested in trying apple cider vinegar as a natural way to quickly and easily lower your blood pressure, talk to your doctor. Although vinegar is a completely natural ingredient, it's never wise to self-diagnose. Talk to your doctor to be sure you won't have any reactions with any other medications.

Vinegar improves blood sugar levels. Drinking apple cider vinegar before a high-carbohydrate meal improves insulin sensitivity — slowing the rate of blood sugar levels rising — in people who are insulin resistant (a prediabetes condition) or have type 2 diabetes, according to a 2004 study.

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can apple pectin pills reduce cholesterol

Apple pectin supplements may be useful for lowering cholesterol, slowing the rate at which your body absorbs sugars, keeping you regular and even fighting cancer, according to Fiber Ingredients by Susan Sungsoo Cho. Apple pectin is a source of fiber that comes from plant-cell walls.

They support a healthy heart: Eating an apple a day to keep the doctor away might be true for people dealing with cholesterol issues. According to one study, folks who chowed down on one apple a day lowered their LDL (bad) cholesterol levels by 40 percent.

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what does it mean with the mother vinegar

Mother of vinegar in a bottle Mother of vinegar is a substance composed of a form of cellulose and acetic acid bacteria that develops on fermenting alcoholic liquids, which turns alcohol into acetic acid with the help of oxygen from the air.

Another online lie is that only organic mother vinegar has these health benefits. Consumer Reports did a study on Vinegar, and it found the best vinegars, were the cheap vinegars. Because they were less refined with more “Debris”-the good stuff, vitamins and minerals and such, on the bottom of the container.

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how much protein should i eat in a meal

If you get too little protein, you can suffer from fatigue, weakness or muscle loss. Your metabolism slows down and you put yourself at risk of gaining weight. It also weakens your immune system. That’s why everyone should have at least 25 grams of protein at every meal.

(ref 1) While more than the standard amount of protein typically recommended, including at least 25 to 30 grams of protein in each meal and get between 0.5 to 0.7 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day will help you achieve these beneficial effects, recommends a study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in June 2015.

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how much protein do i need

If you're aiming for the low end of what's typically recommended which is .8 grams/kg of bodyweight. For a 180-pound guy that works out to a mere 66 grams of protein a day. Up that to 1 gram/kg (which is more in line with recommendations for fit guys) and you get about 82 grams of protein a day. That's still not enough, according to the study. The data confirmed that higher protein diets help with weight-loss efforts, finding that subjects saw the best results with a diet of about 25% protein. They suggest 25-35 grams of protein per meal, which works out to 75-105 grams in a day—before any snacks. What's more: It's not just about how much you get in a day; timing is important too.

But however you get your protein, when you calculate your ideal total daily intake of food you will start with figuring out how much protein you need. The official US RDIs for protein suggest that most people, on a 2000 calorie diet, need only 50g of protein daily.

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how much protein post workout for men

Consuming 20 grams of protein after your workout should do the trick, report British researchers. In the study, 48 men ingested zero, 10, 20, or 40 grams of protein immediately after a strength workout.

For most meals (not including post-workout), aim to get 40-60 grams of protein and 40-80 grams of carbs, depending on your size; bigger guys weighing more than, say, 225 pounds will shoot for the higher end.

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how long for livestock gestation

A cow carrying a calf a long time in one gestation is likely. to do so in the next gestation. Some cows in this study had an. average gestation period of 288 to 290 days, whereas others had a. period of only 274 to 276 days, irrespective of the sex of the calf.

Report Abuse. Gestation: Average gestation length or length of pregnancy for sheep varies from 144 to 151 days (about 147 days; figure 11). Individual pregnancies may vary from 138 to 159 days.Generally the earlier maturing meat breeds and the high prolific breeds such as the Finn have shorter gestation lengths (144 to 145 days), while the slower maturing finewool breeds (Rambouillet) have longer periods (150 to 151).ndividual pregnancies may vary from 138 to 159 days. Generally the earlier maturing meat breeds and the high prolific breeds such as the Finn have shorter gestation lengths (144 to 145 days), while the slower maturing finewool breeds (Rambouillet) have longer periods (150 to 151).

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Optimum control is concerned with operating a dynamic system at minimum cost, which means that the settings of a controller governing a process are found by using a mathematical algorithm that minimizes a cost function with weighting factors supplied. The 'cost' function is frequently defined as the sum of the deviations of key measurements from their desired values. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) finds the controller settings that minimize the undesired deviations. The choice of the weighting factors is made through trial and error. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is utilised to determine the optimum weighting matrices for a LQR. The process used as the investigation tool is a binary distillation column which possesses multivariable and nonlinear features. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A state-of-the-art study of computerized control of chemical processes used in industry, this book is for chemical engineering and industrial chemistry students involved in learning the micro-macro design of chemical process systems.

This project is focused mainly on designing and implementing Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller and PID controller for a Dc servo motor. The PID and LQR controller are used to control the speed and position of the Dc servo motor, with a specified performance requirement. To ensure that the controller satisfies the requirement, simulation using MATLAB/Simulink software will be performed to obtain the optimum PID and LQR controller parameters. The obtained parameters are then used to implement LQR controller to the real Dc servo motor. The performance of the LQR controller will then be compared with that of PID controller.

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A wide-range-input AC/DC converter for FADEC system application

According to the output characteristics of the special generator for full authority digital electronic control(FADEC)system of aero-engine,a constant current variable frequency control AC/DC(alternating current/direct current)transform technique based on current feedback was proposed with purpose of accommodating to the wide-range-output of the special generator,so as to meet the power supply requirements of FADEC system.The control strategy,topological structure and operation principles were embodied along with the overvoltage test and protection design.Experiments results prove the reliability of the converter in full temperature range from-55℃to 125℃,and compliance with the stipulations of national military standard GJB181 Acovering aircraft electric power characteristics.Research findings has been successfully applied in certain aero-engine numerical control system and validated in both bench test and flight platform experiment.

This paper presents SC-FDE implementation in HF communication.We introduce the basic theory of SC-FDE,and analyze the problems of PAR,frequency shift,computation complexity about SC-FDE.At last,we simulate the performance of SC-FDE in HF channel.The study shows that SC-FDE is a HF waveform design method equivalent to OFDM and has good future.

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Method and equipment for avoiding RIP loop circuit in CE dual-homing network

The invention discloses a method for avoiding RIP loop circuit in a CE dual-homing network, comprising the following steps: configuring CE dual-homing PE with addition and analysis functions of an AS number, acquiring the AS number carried in RIP message according to previous configuration when RIP route is introduced into BGP, and comparing the AS number with a local AS number; and discarding the RIP message when the AS number is the same with the local AS number, thereby avoiding loop circuit message occurred between the CE and the two PE connected with CE when RIP route and BGP route are mutually introduced in the CE dual-homing network.

A description of how accurate system modelling of a dc system with an electromagnetic transient simulation program can be used to study and correct interbipole oscillations between converters connected into a parallel multiterminal system is given. The paper shows how to decide on the detail of modelling that is required, and demonstrates that it is often not enough to use prepackaged , generic HVDC control models, supplied with these programs. The detail of control models that are used in the electromagnetic simulation programs are shown to have a significant impact, in some cases, on the simulation results. In particular, a case of six hertz oscillations, in the dc currents of two converters on the Nelson River System, is accurately simulated, and it is shown that control modifications suggested by the simulation actually do eliminate the interbipole oscillations.

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A novel hybrid current control method applied in three-phase fourleg APF

Based on the analysis of circuit of a three-phase four-leg APF,a conclusion was put forth,which means that the current control of the three power legs is independent from the neutral leg.A novel hybrid control method was presented.SVM was used to control the output current of the three main power legs,while hysteresis current control was applied to control the output current of the neutral leg. As a result,the current control of four legs was decomposed into the control of the three main power legs and the control of neutral leg,which can sharply simplify the current control of APF.Compared with other current control methods,this new method has advantages such as easy of calculation,control and realization.Simulation results prove the correctness of this method.

This paper presents an algorithm to resolve superimposed action potentials encountered during the decomposition of electromyographic signals. The algorithm uses particle swarm optimization with a variety of features including randomization, crossover, and multiple swarms. In a simulation study involving realistic superpositions of two to five motor-unit action potentials, the algorithm had an accuracy of 98%.

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P-Q instantaneous power theory – a correct theory or useful algorithm for switched compensator control

In this presentation methods useful for determining instantaneous power in the three-phase circuits with periodic nonsinusoidal waveforms have been presented. It may be applied to control shunt active power filter working in real-time. Shunt active filtering is an effective method to eliminate current harmonics. The theoretical considerations have been illustrated by a simulation example carried out for many various operating conditions.

A large class of time-varying filters can be described via pseudo-differential operators belonging to the Hormander class OPS 0 0 , 0. The questions whether and how an input signal can be reconstructed from a known output lead to the problems of invertibility of pseudo-differential operators in that class and of (at least, numerical) solution of pseudo-differential equations. We are going to derive effective conditions for the invertibility for pseudo-differential operators with globally slowly varying symbols as well as for causal pseudo-differential operators, and we study the stability of the finite sections method with respect to time and frequency for these operators.

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The Hot-Wire Anemometer/Anemometr Z Grzanym Włóknem

This study analyses the behaviour of a hot-wire anemometer incorporated into a bridge circuit in the function of the voltage U z supplying the bridge circuit and hence the current I w flowing through the hot wire. The dependence of differential voltage Δ U on I w and the value of derivative d (Δ U )/ dI w as a function of the current supplying the hot-wire element were determined. These data enable the determination of working conditions of the constant-resistance (i.e. the constant-temperature) hot-wire anemometer.

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR ANAEROBIC REACTOR SYSTEM. THE TOUR INCLUDES FILTER 16 ESTIMATE THAT RECEIVES INPUT SIGNAL SENSOR PRODUCTS AN ESTIMATE OF THE PRESENT VALUE A VARIABLE IN THE SYSTEM, COMPARE THAT ESTIMATE FOR A SIGNAL SENSOR THE VARIABLE AND PRODUCT OF THAT COMPARISON, SIGNAL ERROR dIFFERENCE IS TO COMBINE THE RECEIVED SIGNAL and reapplied INTEGRATOR, A DISPOSAL OF A BIAS LONG TERM THAT MAY BE PRESENT IN AT LEAST ONE OF SIGNALS rECEIVED, SUCH ELIMINATOR INCLUDING HIGH PASS FILTER BY 53 OR rECEIVED INPUT SIGNALS ARE TRANSMITTED TO THE iNTEGRATOR 58, SUCH FILTER HIGH PASS THAT REJECTING THE BIAS PERSISTS FOR A PERIOD CONSIDERABLY LONGER THAN THE TIME cONSTANT SYSTEM. APPLY THE iNVENTION INCLUDING THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER.

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MIDOP - Macroseismic Intensity Data Online Publisher

Within the Networking Activity 4 (NA4) "Distributed Archive of Historical Earthquake Data" of the EU NERIES project, a massive quantity of macroseismic data related to earthquakes of the past centuries is being published online. The NA4 working team is composed of many researchers coming from five European National Institutions. The retrieved data range from year 1000 to year 1900 and cover all of Europe. The presented tool "MIDOP" is being specifically developed for intuitive online publication of macroseismic maps of historical earthquakes.

Study Design.A meta-analysis.Objective.The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracies of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of spondylodiscitis through a meta-analysis.Summary of Background Data

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Association Between the Severity of Dysphagia and Various Parameters of the Cervical Spine; Videofluoroscopic Analysis in Neutral and Retraction Position of the Normal Volunteers

Study Design.Videoflurographic swallowing study in asymptomatic volunteersObjective.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of dysphagia and various parameters of the subjects.Summary of Background Data.Occipitocervical fixation (OCF) is associated with sev

ABSTRACT The accurate determination of fault displacement is essential to accurate subsurface and seismic mapping. When a fault is cut by a well, the magnitude of fault displacement is commonly obtained by direct comparison with an unfaulted nearby well. In areas of pronounced downdip thickening of section this technique, without proper adjustment, may lead to serious misconception. A comparative graphic method is presented that gives a rational determination of fault displacement and other fault characteristics for conditions of pronounced downdip thickening of section and of faulting contemporaneous with deposition. Two actual costs of fault analysis in South Texas are discussed, one of which is compared to seismic data. End_of_Record - Last_Page 40--------

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Study: Earth shock comparisons, Pantex Plant

This report contains comparisons of various earth shocks experienced at the Pantex Water Well No. 16. Included are comparisons for the Alaskan quake of March 28, 1984; Amarillo shock of July 20, 1966; ten pounds of high explosives; fifty pounds of high explosives; two hundred pounds of high explosives; one man stomping feet; and tractor driving near well.

Background and aims ::: To study the impact of land use change (LUC) from native vegetation and pasture to sugarcane cultivation as well as to evaluate the effect of different management practices on long-term SOC dynamics using the CENTURY ecosystem model.

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Source Characteristics of the January 8, 2013 (M w = 5.7) and May 24, 2014 (M w = 6.8) North Aegean Earthquakes Sequence

The Aegean Sea, is one of the most seismically active areas of the Eastern Mediterranean region (Fig. 1). Generally, North Aegean Sea region has been tectonically developed after the collision of Arabian plate with the Eurasian in the Late Miocene time and the subsequent westward escape of the Anatolian Plate relative to the Eurasian Plate, during the Early Pliocene.

We performed functional MRI (fMRI) on a patient with a mass lesion while she happened to experience a simple partial seizure. We used regional T2* signal changes to localize seizure-related hemodynamic changes. Seizure activity was associated with changes in MR signal in different regions that showed sequential activation and deactivation. Our study has shown that epileptic activity leads to changes in cerebral hemodynamics. In selected patients, therefore, it might be possible to use fMRI as a noninvasive tool to detect and investigate cortical patterns of activation associated with seizure activity.

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Hemodynamic changes in simple partial epilepsy: a functional MRI study.

We performed functional MRI (fMRI) on a patient with a mass lesion while she happened to experience a simple partial seizure. We used regional T2* signal changes to localize seizure-related hemodynamic changes. Seizure activity was associated with changes in MR signal in different regions that showed sequential activation and deactivation. Our study has shown that epileptic activity leads to changes in cerebral hemodynamics. In selected patients, therefore, it might be possible to use fMRI as a noninvasive tool to detect and investigate cortical patterns of activation associated with seizure activity.

SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.

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Microslip Induced Damping in the Contact of Nominally Flat Surfaces with Geometric Defects

It is well known that the friction between interfaces at bolted joints plays a major role in the characterization of damping. Friction can be either induced by macroslip or microslip. The aim of this chapter is to model and quantify the dissipated energy by microslip in the joints in order to compute the damping ratio. It is assumed that the coefficient of friction between the nominally flat surfaces is constant and that friction is the only source of energy dissipation. An experimental study is reported to measure static normal load and dynamic tangential load without any coupling between these two main directions. A rheological contact model, Extended Greenwood Model (EGM), based on microcontacts and statistical distributions is developed and studied. Experimental results and simulations are compared in order to assess and discuss the model.

SUMMARY ::: ::: A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.

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three phase transformer\nthree phase generator

baa baa black sheep---THREE BAGS FULL

yea.. it's Helicorder Images, a way to record the earthquake in a given area.. even it is minimum. for reading of this, you need to do a bit study. surf the net, also go here:

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What is news to John Q. Public?

With the rise of user-driven content sites, Internet users have a say in what is news. A new study examines the differences between what editors think is newsworthy and what the public does.

Washington Post Co. WPO.N said on Friday that quarterly profit jumped, beating analysts' forecasts, boosted by results at its Kaplan education unit and television broadcasting operations.

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The Cultural Impact of Arnold Schwarzenegger

Reporter Alex Cohen talks to a cultural anthropologist who's been studying the cultural impact of California Gov.-elect Arnold Schwarzenegger for 20 years.

NPR's Audie Cornish talks with Taylor Lorenz of <em>The Atlantic</em> about the influence economy, how much money is at stake and who has the power.

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Blog Buzz: Black CEOs, Writers Strike

<em>News & Notes</em> Web producer Geoffrey Bennett talks with Farai Chideya about the stories making the rounds on the show's blog, "News & Views," including reaction to the recent ouster of two black CEOs, the TV writers strike, and the launch of the new Web site, NPR Music.

UCLA law professor Richard Sander talks about his new study on affirmative action in law schools. Sander says many African-American students at the nation's top law schools are struggling academically. Many drop out, resulting in fewer minority lawyers, not more. Harvard law professor David Wilkins disagrees. Sander and Wilkins talk with NPR's Renee Montagne.

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Philosophy Of Science

David F. Noble Author <EM>The Religion of Technology: The Divinity of Man and the Spirit of Invention.</EM> (Knopf) Professor of History York University Toronto, Canada Hixon-Riggs Professor Harvey Mudd College Claremont, California Adolf Grunbaum Andrew Mellon Professor of Philosophy of Science Chairman, The Center for the Philosophy of Science Research Professor of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Scientists aren't the only people studying science. Philosophers and historians are also interested in what scientists are up to--and why they're up to it. On this hour of Science Friday, we are joined by a philosopher of science and a historian who will help us examine the nature of scientific thought, and the role of religion in scientific inquiry.

During this campaign season, why is it that we have to hear so much reporting about politicians' lifestyles? Wouldn't it be more useful to hear about something a little more substantive, such as what they plan to do while in office? <em>Commentator Lester Spence teaches political science at Johns Hopkins University</em>.

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What is the full name of KU's journalism school?

The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media when they graduate. The school offers two tracts of study: News and Information and Strategic Communication. This professional school teaches its students reporting for print, online and broadcast, strategic campaigning for PR and advertising, photojournalism and video reporting and editing. The J-School's students maintain various publications on campus, including The University Daily Kansan, Jayplay magazine, KUJH TV and KJHK radio. In 2008, the Fiske Guide to Colleges praised the KU J-School for its strength. In 2010, the School of Journalism and Mass Communications finished second at the prestigious Hearst Foundation national writing competition.

Under a front page headline "The Truth", the paper printed allegations provided to them that some fans picked the pockets of crushed victims, that others urinated on members of the emergency services as they tried to help and that some even assaulted a police constable "whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a patient." Despite the headline, written by Kelvin MacKenzie, the story was based on allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said – a fact made clear to MacKenzie by Harry Arnold, the reporter who wrote the story.

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percentage of scientists who believe climate change is real

On his Twitter account, President Obama tweets: “Ninety-seven percent of scientists agree: #climate change is real, man-made and dangerous.” Not only does Obama sloppily equate “scientists” with “climate scientists,” but more importantly he added “dangerous” to the 97% claim, which is not there in the literature.

Surely the most suspicious “97 percent” study was conducted in 2013 by Australian scientist John Cook — author of the 2011 book Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand and creator of the blog Skeptical Science (subtitle: “Getting skeptical about global warming skepticism.”).

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Can you believe this? Who was behind this "study"?

Somebody either very uninformed or someone who has an agenda. Hopefully Americans will wise up and think about what the media feeds them.

How many times are you going to post this question? Besides that, your question makes no sense.\n\nDon't be surprised when Yahoo deletes them.

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A study on actual conditions of closed elementary and junior high school facilities in the 23 wards in Tokyo and the planning process for reusing and utilizing these facilities

Japan has been reached the real aged society with fewer children, and the number of school students is decreasing. As the society grows mature, the consolidation and the integration of the public schools are promoted, and the number of the closed school facilities is increasing. The authors investigated the planning process of reusing and utilizing closed school facilities, and the actual conditions of the facilities in the 23 wards in Tokyo. In this paper, the planning processes are classified and the effects of the different planning processes are analyzed. It was found from the result of the analysis that the planning processes had a variety of effects on reusing and utilizing closed school facilities.

Abstract : The ARO Center of Excellence in Biotechnology was established within the Cornell University Biotechnology Program in 1986. The research focus of the Center was protein structure and function, with special emphasis on enzymes and receptors. Research projects funded through the Center represented a multidisciplinary attack on the molecular basis of how proteins and enzymes work, how energy and enzymic processes are coupled through cell membranes, how membrane receptors are used to transmit signals to the cell, and how signals are transmitted in the nervous system. The final report summarizes the results of the research.... Nervous system, Center of excellence, Biotechnology, Enzymes, Receptors, Proteins, Cell membranes, Membrane receptors.

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We consider the stochastic thin-film equation with colored Gaussian Stratonovich noise and establish the existence of nonnegative weak (martingale) solutions. The construction is based on a Trotter-Kato-type decomposition into a deterministic and a stochastic evolution, which yields an easy to implement numerical algorithm. Compared to previous work, no interface potential has to be included and the Trotter-Kato scheme allows for a simpler proof of existence than in case of Ito noise.

We study pathwise entropy solutions for scalar conservation laws with inhomogeneous fluxes and quasilinear multiplicative rough path dependence. This extends the previous work of Lions, Perthame and Souganidis who considered spatially independent and inhomogeneous fluxes with multiple paths and a single driving singular path respectively. The approach is motivated by the theory of stochastic viscosity solutions which relies on special test functions constructed by inverting locally the flow of the stochastic characteristics. For conservation laws this is best implemented at the level of the kinetic formulation which we follow here.

Data mining has a wide range of applications in the real world. However, it is possible to disclose the private information of users in the process of data mining. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect the users' privacy while mining the knowledge behind the data. In this paper, we propose a Naive Bayes classification method based on differential privacy. For nominal attributes, we add Laplace noise to the count. For numerical attributes, we add Laplace noise to the mean, standard deviation, and scale parameter, and then use the noisy parameters to calculate the prior probability and conditional probability. For numerical attributes, we assume that they follow Gaussian, Laplace, or lognormal distribution, and apply our algorithms to compare utilities.

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A non-parametric Bayesian network model for predicting corrosion depth on buried pipelines

The present study develops a non-parametric Bayesian network (NPBN) model to predict the corrosion depth on buried pipelines using the pipeline age and local soil properties. The dependence structu...

Dynamic characteristic of a system have to be obtained so as to offer the reliable data for the system dynamic modification and dynamic optimum design. The system modal parameters identification can be changed into the global optimization problem in wavelet plane because the wavelet ridges can carry much information of system characteristic parameters. Firstly, the paper will introduce the so-called PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) technique into the modal analysis and propose the PSO wavelet ridge extraction algorithm. Furthermore, the formulas identifying modal parameters from a wavelet ridge are derived and computation steps were given. The simulation experiments are implemented in order to evaluate precision of this method and the robustness of noise. Finally, the proposed method applies to the modal parameters identification of a watermelon to explore the effectiveness. The experiment results prove the method is precision and insensitive to noise.

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Crowdsourcing prior information to improve study design and data analysis

Though Bayesian methods are being used more frequently, many still struggle with the best method for setting priors with novel measures or task environments. We propose a method for setting priors by eliciting continuous probability distributions from naive participants. This allows us to include any relevant information participants have for a given effect. Even when prior means are near-zero, this method provides a principle way to estimate dispersion and produce shrinkage, reducing the occurrence of overestimated effect sizes. We demonstrate this method with a number of published studies and compare the effect of different prior estimation and aggregation methods.

e21543Background: Our study aims at developing a very short screening questionnaire for the preoperative evaluation of older cancer patients in the surgical clinics. Methods: Our study was based on...

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Neuro-Rough Sets for Modeling Interstate Conflict

This chapter investigated a neuro-rough model –a combination of a Multi-Layered Perceptron (MLP) neural network with rough set theory– for the modeling of interstate conflict. The model was formulated using a Bayesian framework and trained using a Monte Carlo technique with the Metropolis criterion. The model was then tested on militarized interstate dispute and was found to combine the accuracy of the Bayesian MLP model with the transparency of the rough set model. The technique presented was compared to the genetic algorithm optimized rough sets. The presented Bayesian neuro-rough model performed better than the genetic algorithm optimized rough set model.

The present study develops a non-parametric Bayesian network (NPBN) model to predict the corrosion depth on buried pipelines using the pipeline age and local soil properties. The dependence structu...

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Monte Carlo EM algorithm for generalized linear models with linear structural random effects

We propose generalized linear mixed models with linear structural random effects based on generalized linear mixed models. In this article, an Monte Carlo EM type algorithm is developed for maximum likelihood estimations of the proposed models. To avoid computation of the complicated multiple integrals involved, the E-step is completed by Monte Carlo techniques. The M-step is carried out efficiently by simple Conditional Maximization. Standard errors of MLEs are obtained via Louis's identity.

The study of the stability of many stochastic processes as Markov chains needs sometimes to use eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transition matrix. This paper is an investigation on a methodology which computes fuzzy eigenvalues and fuzzy eigenvectors within the context of a fuzzy Markov chain transition matrix, under max-min composition.

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Bayesian analysis with consideration of data uncertainty in a specific scenario

Abstract In this paper data uncertainty in a specific scenario is modeled with Berkson and Classical errors. With consideration of uncertainty three methods within Bayesian framework are presented to update the failure probability with Beta-Binomial model. It shows that the three methods have their posteriors in the same form of weighted Beta distributions, but the weights are different for each method. Approximation to the mixed posteriors has been proposed and demonstrated by computation results. Moreover, comparison and illustration of the three methods are made based on case study and analytical analysis, which suggest that the LO method with Classical error model be more appropriate in similar applications.

According to the principle and algorithm of BP neural network,the structure of vibrating sieve can be determined.The BP neural network model for fault diagnosing is obtained by taking the characteristic variables of operating state of vibrating sieve as the input of neural network and using the Matlab neural network toolbox for the network training.The experimental result shows that the method can accurately diagnose the fault of vibrating sieve.

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Estimation of Reliability Parameters Under Incomplete Primary Information

We consider the procedure for small-sample estimation of reliability parameters. The main shortcomings of the classical methods and the Bayesian approach are analyzed. Models that find robust Bayesian estimates are proposed. The sensitivity of the Bayesian estimates to the choice of the prior distribution functions is investigated using models that find upper and lower bounds. The proposed models reduce to optimization problems in the space of distribution functions.

The present study develops a non-parametric Bayesian network (NPBN) model to predict the corrosion depth on buried pipelines using the pipeline age and local soil properties. The dependence structu...

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Assessing the Value of the Threshold Parameter in the Weibull Distribution Using Bayes Paradigm

The Weibull distribution represents a wide variety of situations. Usually, the distribution is considered as a two-parameter family with a scale, and a shape parameter. If, however, the given data reflect additional information in the form of a minimum guarantee, a positive value away from zero, it is better to go for a three-parameter model with the additional parameter known as the threshold. The threshold parameter is often very important, but increases the complexity of the model. Arbitrarily going for the three-parameter form is not advisable unless it is really required by the data. This article attempts to make a simulation-based Bayesian study for checking if the threshold parameter can be taken to be zero or positive in situations representing the two models. We study the compatibility of the models for the given data set. We conduct the posterior simulation in each case using Gibbs sampling.

The main objective of this article is to study dynamic of the ::: three-dimensional Boussinesq equations with the periodic boundary ::: condition.We prove that when the Rayleigh number $R$ crosses the ::: first critical Rayleigh number $R_c$, the Rayleigh-Benard problem ::: bifurcates from the basic state to an global attractor $\Sigma$, which is homeomorphic to $S^3$.

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Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Identifying Changes in Gene Expression from Microarray Experiments

Recent developments in microarrays technology enable researchers to study simultaneously the expression of thousands of genes from one cell line or tissue sample. This new technology is often used to assess changes in mRNA expression upon a specified transfection for a cell line in order to identify target genes. For such experiments, the range of differential expression is moderate, and teasing out the modified genes is challenging and calls for detailed modeling. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodological framework for studies that investigate differential gene expression through microarrays technology that is based on a fully Bayesian mixture approach (Richardson and Green, 1997). A case study that investigated those genes that were differentially expressed in two cell lines (normal and modified by a gene transfection) is provided to illustrate the performance and usefulness of this approach.

It is the purpose of this paper to introduce a novel estimator for the extremal index of an instantaneous function {f(Xn)}n of a regenerative Harris Markov chain X, based on the renewal properties of the latter. The estimate proposed may be viewed as a "regenerative version" of the runs estimator, insofar as it measures the clustering tendency of high threshold exceedances within regeneration cycles. Strong consistency of this estimator is established under mild stochastic stability assumptions and a simulation result is displayed in the case when the underlying chain is the waiting process related to a simple M/M/1 queue.

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Global Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis and Neighbourhoods

We shall briefly review recent progress in Global Quantitative Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis (UA/SA) techniques, relating these to multidimensional global calibration approaches of the “Monte Carlo filtering” type. Global quantitative techniques for Sensitivity Analysis (SA), that are based on the decomposition of the variance of the target model output, have received a considerable boost in recent years, due both to more efficient computational strategies and to a widening of their range of applications. Monte Carlo Filtering, and the GLUE (Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimate) approach that derives from it are also promising tools to use in the presence of structural model uncertainty, as in the case of petroleum engineering that was the focus of the ECMI2002 mini-symposium “Advanced Mathematical Tools for Petroleum System Modelling”.

Living in a dwelling that is close to greenspace reduces youngsters’ risk for behaviors associated with neurobehavioral problems. This relationship varies with the type of behavior, the child’s age, and the proximity of the greenspace, according to a study conducted in an ongoing prospective birth cohort.

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Limited sampling model for the estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters in children.

Summary:A limited sampling model (LSM) is proposed for the first-time assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters (area under the concentration–time curve (AUC), Cmax, and T½) in children after a single oral dose of drug. Three drugs were evaluated in this study. The LSM was developed for each drug fro

This paper presents an extension of Petri net framework with imprecise temporal properties. We use possibility theory to represent imprecise time by time-stamping tokens and assigning durations to firing of the transitions. A method for approximation of an arbitrary temporal distribution with a set of possibilistic intervals is used to introduce the composition operation for two possibilistic temporal distributions. We developed a method to determining an effective enabling time of a transition with incoming tokens with possibilistic distributions. The utility of the proposed theory is illustrated using an example of an automated manufacturing system. The proposed approach is novel and has a broad utility beyond a timed Petri network and its applications.

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Parameter Space Noise for Exploration

auto - encoding variational bayes .

validity and reliability tests in case study research : a literature review with ` ` hands - on ' ' applications for each research phase .

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Cognitive computation: A Bayesian machine case study

Church: a language for generative models

Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata

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Unsupervised prediction of citation influences

Rao-Blackwellised Particle Filtering for Dynamic Bayesian Networks

endocrowns : a retrospective patient series study , in an 8 - to - 19 - year period .

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Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) in practice

Population growth of human Y chromosomes : a study of Y chromosome microsatellites

Options Discovery with Budgeted Reinforcement Learning

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Bayesian active model selection with an application to automated audiometry

Structure Discovery in Nonparametric Regression through Compositional Kernel Search

Types of study in medical research: part 3 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications.

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Bayesian modeling of dependency trees using hierarchical Pitman-Yor priors

The Infinite PCFG Using Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes

Prevalence and correlates of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional survey study

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Contextual Equivalence for Probabilistic Programs with Continuous Random Variables and Scoring

Stan: A Probabilistic Programming Language

A mixed-methods study of mobile users' data usage practices in South Africa

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Cognitive computation: A Bayesian machine case study

how to grow a mind : statistics , structure , and abstraction .

B-APT: Bayesian Anti-Phishing Toolbar

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The tness value of a knowledge base (KB) can be unknown and only some imprecise information about it can be obtained. In some cases this information is given by means of an interval where we know the tness is contained. Thus, the comparison of two randomly distributed intervals is necessary in this context in order to be able to determine the preferences among individuals. This contribution is a rst approach to the use of statistical preference as a tool to compare this kind of intervals. We consider the probabilistic relation associated to the stochastic comparison of every pair of intervals and we study the cycle-transitivity of this relation. The defuzzication of this probabilitic relation, that is, the statistical preference relation, is studied and some properties are obtained. Our studies are particulary detailed for the case of the uniform distribution.

In some cases the fitness value of a knowledge base is not completely determined, but just bounded in an interval. In this case the fitness value is modelled by a random variable. Thus the comparison of random variables allows to compare the fitness values when they are not completely determined. In this contribution we consider a quite new proposal in stochastic comparison: statistical preference. We recall the advantages of this method with respect to (the classical) stochastic dominance. We also order by statistical preference two fitness values modelled by beta distributions with some special parameters.

Distillation at an infinite reflux ratio in combination with an infinite number of trays has been investigated.

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Inferences for the inflation parameter in the zip distributions: The method of moments

Abstract The zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution is widely used for modeling a count data set when the frequency of zeros is higher than the one expected under the Poisson distribution. There are many methods for making inferences for the inflation parameter in the ZIP models, e.g. the methods for testing Poisson (the inflation parameter is zero) versus ZIP distribution (the inflation parameter is positive). Most of these methods are based on the maximum likelihood estimators which do not have an explicit expression. However, the estimators which are obtained by the method of moments are powerful enough, easy to obtain and implement. In this paper, we propose an approach based on the method of moments for making inferences about the inflation parameter in the ZIP distribution. Our method is also compared to some recent methods via a simulation study and it is illustrated by an example.

Abstract We present a convenient analytical parametrization, in both configuration and momentum spaces, of the deuteron wave-function calculated with the Paris potential.

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Surface Trap for Cs atoms based on Evanescent-Wave Cooling

We demonstrate a gravito-optical surface trap for Cs atoms which exploits cooling in an evanescent light wave. About 10{sup 5} atoms were cooled down to 3{mu}K and formed a sample with a mean height of {approximately}20 {mu}m above the surface of a dielectric prism. The trap does not use a magnetic field and leads to very small atomic level perturbations. The excited-state population of the stored atoms is {approximately}1.5{times}10{sup {minus}6} and collisional losses are strongly suppressed. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Cellular manufacturing system facilitates lean manufacturing in terms of production flexibility and control simplification. The paper presents a case study on a newly constructed cellular manufacturing system adopted by an electronic assembly factory as the back end process. The original rabbit chase is infeasible in this case because products handled are multi-types and multi-paths. Further, the cycle times are largely imbalance. The application of two proposed rabbit chase models was investigated through computer simulations enhanced with ANOVA and surface response methodology. The allocation of operators and the impact of changing lot size to the performances of the cell are investigated. For the findings, there are clear indications of the effects of the number of operators and the lot size for the performances of the system, regardless which rabbit chase model used.

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Quadruple systems containing AG(3,2)

A quadruple system of order v, denoted QS(v) is an ordered pair (X, Q) where X is a set of cardinality v and Q is a set of 4-subsets of X called blocks, with the property that every 3-subset of X is contained in a unique block. The points and planes of the affine geometry AG(3, 2) form a QS(8). We prove that a QS(v) containing a proper subsystem isomorphic to AG(3, 2) exists if and only if v>=16 and v=2 or 4 (mod 6).

Abstract We study the learning behavior of a population of buyers and a population of sellers whose members are repeatedly randomly matched to engage in a sealed bid double auction. The agents are assumed to be boundedly rational and choose their strategies by imitating successful behavior and adding innovations triggered by random errors or communication with other agents. This process is modelled by a two-population genetic algorithm. A general characterization of the equilibria in mixed population distributions is given and it is shown analytically that only one price equilibria are attractive for the GA dynamics. Simulation results confirm these findings and imply that in cases with random initialization with high probability the gain of trade is equally split between buyers and sellers.

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Health Care Opinion Leaders' Views on the Transparency of Health Care Quality and Price Information in the United States

The INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT (INDEPENDENT) study: design and methods to address mental healthcare gaps in India

Bowling Alone: The Collapse of American Community

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[Microinjection in France: report of the BLEFCO multicentric study].

In order to evaluate the assisted fertilizations in France, BLEFCO association has analysed 436 and 1,781 attempts for SUZI and ICSI respectively. For SUZI, the transfer rate was 62% and the pregnancy per attempt rate was 10%. For ICSI, whatever indications, the transfer rate was 86% and the pregnancy per attempt rate was 21%. ICSI in cases of altered sperm without previous IVF represented 46% of ICSI attempts. No relationship between the transfer rate and the indication of ICSI has been observed. However, in case of unexplained fertilization failures, the pregnancy per attempt rate is significantly lower when compared to the other indications.

Using the Translog model and the data of all life insurance companies in China from 2012 to 2015, this paper analyzes the scale effect and scope effect in China's life insurance market. In this paper, the premium income of various types of insurance as the output of the company, rent and wages as input elements, Commission and commission expenditure, business and management fees as the operating costs of insurance companies. The results show that both large & medium-sized life insurance companies have economies of scale, and the scale effect of small life insurance companies is significantly stronger than that of large & medium-sized life insurance companies. In terms of scope effect, it is difficult to draw a unified conclusion from the 2012-2015 year's model results. According to the results of the model in 2015, ordinary life insurance and health insurance, health insurance and other insurance have cost-complementary effects.

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New money for mental health: will it make things better for rural and remote Australia?

New Australian government funding for the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care initiative is a significant step forward for mental health, with general practitioners now able to offer direct referrals to psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists and Aboriginal health workers. Incentives for better teamwork between GPs and other mental health professionals have been introduced, but may have unintended consequences, including an exacerbation of workforce shortages in rural and remote areas. Possible solutions to these shortages include rural scholarships for students in the mental health professions; recruitment and retention of students coordinated by university departments of rural health; better access to continuing professional development; and federally funded rural positions and additional financial incentives for rural mental health practitioners.

In this article the hedonic regression technique is used to estimate the value of traffic safety, using information from the Swedish market for automobiles. The results from the study show that the market price of an automobile is negatively correlated with its inherent risk level, i.e. Swedish car consumers pay a safety premium for safer cars. In comparison to previous Swedish stated-preference studies, this study reveals a lower willingness to pay for additional car safety, which might be a result of the interaction between government interventions and individual self-insurance and self-protection.

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Private HMOs cost more to Medicare: study

Private insurers in the Medicare insurance program were paid 12.4 percent more by the government than the health care provided would have cost under traditional Medicare, a report released on Thursday said.

Rejected by voters and limping off stage, the Republican-led House on Friday passed a sweeping bill reviving expired tax breaks and preventing doctors from taking a big cut in Medicare payments.

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Health-Care Racial Divide Hospital-Based

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are at least partially due to differences in care between hospitals and not racism on an individual level, a new study says.

Scrushy faces fewer counts for role in accounting scandal after grand jury consolidates old charges. WASHINGTON - A federal grand jury Wednesday consolidated charges against HealthSouth Corp.

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Most employers cutting retiree health care: study

Most U.S. employers are planning to further scale back health benefits offered to retirees, as companies struggle with the upward march in the cost of medical care and weigh increased contributions from government&#039;s Medicare program, a survey found.

New Jersey officials asked a federal judge yesterday to block new Bush administration rules that would make it harder for states to enroll middle-income kids in a popular government-subsidized health insurance program for children.

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High-Deductible Plans Cost More For Maternity Care

The first study of its kind has found that families typically pay much more out of pocket for maternity care under the new high-deductible health insurance plans paired with health savings accounts that have been heavily touted by President Bush and others.

Helped by two whistle-blowers, the lawyer who beat Big Tobacco is on a new crusade -- to fight what clinics charge the uninsured

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More Hitting Cost Limit on Health Benefits

A small but growing number of American families beset by major medical problems are learning the hard way that simply having health insurance is sometimes not enough.

NEW YORK - A substantial number of "adverse events" -- many of which could have been prevented -- affect children in hospitals each year, according to a new study.

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Most forego buying health insurance: study

CHICAGO -- Nine out of 10 Americans who tried to buy their own health insurance failed, either because the price was too steep or because they were denied coverage due to a current medical problem, a study said on Thursday.

Though Michigan children are healthier, black and Hispanic children are much more likely to be uninsured, in poor health and struggling to get access to care.

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Health costs of aging workers imperil state

An aging workforce, combined with the growing obesity epidemic and the high cost of medical care, could result in an epidemic of preventable illness that might cripple the region's economy, according to a study being released this morning by the New England Health Care Institute and the Boston Foundation.

NEW DELHI, India _ Three months ago, Howard Staab learned that he suffered from a life-threatening heart condition and would have to undergo surgery at a cost of up to

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$850m study gives Pill good bill of health

THE Pill does not increase the risk of breast cancer, and can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer and heart disease, according to the largest study conducted into the oral contraceptive.

Helped by two whistle-blowers, the lawyer who beat Big Tobacco is on a new crusade -- to fight what clinics charge the uninsured

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15 ills fuel rocketing health bill

A new Emory University study found that 15 medical conditions led to about half of the $200 billion rise in US health spending from 1987 to 2000.

Scrushy faces fewer counts for role in accounting scandal after grand jury consolidates old charges. WASHINGTON - A federal grand jury Wednesday consolidated charges against HealthSouth Corp.

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Health costs rising faster than wages

Health care costs grew faster than the overall economy in the first half of this year, according to a study released Thursday. Although the increase

Helped by two whistle-blowers, the lawyer who beat Big Tobacco is on a new crusade -- to fight what clinics charge the uninsured

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Study: Insured Cancer Patients Do Better

ATLANTA -- Uninsured cancer patients are nearly twice as likely to die within five years as those with private coverage, according to the first national study of its kind and one that sheds light on troubling health care obstacles.

New Jersey officials asked a federal judge yesterday to block new Bush administration rules that would make it harder for states to enroll middle-income kids in a popular government-subsidized health insurance program for children.

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Medicaid spends 1 pct on illegal immigrants: study

Less than 1 percent of Medicaid spending went to health care for illegal immigrants, according to a study that the researchers said defied a common belief that they are a bigger drain on taxpayer money.

Comment is free: Mary Riddell: Projects to help young unemployed people get back on track have a high success rate, so why are they being starved of funds?

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Uninsured Coloradans: Study Shows Impact on Children

A new study confirms that children in Colorado without health insurance are more likely to become seriously ill, and even die, than children who are insured. Dr. Jim Todd, one of two Children???s Hospital physicians who conducted the research, discusses the findings with Ryan Warner.

NPR'S Ina Jaffe reports from Maryland on efforts to meet the demand for childcare which arises when women leave welfare to join the workforce.

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Report: State Deficits Hurt AIDS Programs

A new study by the Kaiser Family Foundation says the current fiscal crises in many states is jeopardizing programs that help the poor pay for AIDS medication. Over the past year, 16 states have had to restrict access to their AIDS Drug Assistance Program, leaving thousands wondering how they will pay for treatment. Hear NPR's Brenda Wilson.

Democrats and Republicans still can&#8217;t agree on the terms of a COVID-19 economic relief package and on spending bills to keep the government running. Here & Now&#8217;s Robin Young gets the latest from NPR&#8217;s Claudia Grisales. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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A theoretical and experimental study on subcooled flow boiling at high heat flux

Theoretical Post-Dryout Heat Transfer Model

High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power

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Rational cooling water system for a large blast furnace hearth

Calculation and Analysis the Influence on the Cooling Water Velocity and Hot Metal Circulation to the Long Life Blast Furnace

A study of aggregation bias in estimating the market for home heating and cooling equipment

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Thermometry in gas flows using two-line fluorescence imaging and structured illumination

We present a feasibility demonstration of the instantaneous determination of temperature fields in gaseous flows based on planar laser-induced fluorescence by integrating structured illumination with the two-line thermometry technique using nitric oxide as a tracer. This approach allows the capture of two fluorescence images originating from the simultaneous probe of two rotational states of nitric oxide (X2Π, v” = 0) using one detector and their subsequent deconvolution using spatial frequency analysis. Average experimental temperature measurements in an underexpanded jet demonstrate the viability of this approach, suggesting that the laser spatial modulation frequency and laser orientation with respect to the flow field under study impose the achievable spatial resolution limits.

Recent studies have indicated that wastewater contains relatively large amounts of thermal energy. Recovering this thermal energy can be used to decrease the CO2 footprint of the water cycle. This paper describes the development of a model to simulate the heat balance and predict the temperature in a sewer system. The model can be used to estimate the recoverable thermal energy and its dynamics. The model was verified with field data. It was concluded that the model is a powerful and accurate tool to simulate the heat balance of a sewer system at the urban district level. It was found that the recoverable heat show highly dynamic patterns, directly related to water consumption patterns. The recoverable heat depends on technical aspects as well as regulations for maximum acceptable temperature differences due to heat abstraction.

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how long should it take to get hot water for shower

From the time I turn on a shower or sink, hot water is flowing within 10 seconds. That was the good news. The bad news was that the kitchen sink and 3 other sinks that we use often are over 120 feet away from the Rinnai tankless units.

According to the study, the average eight-minute shower used 62 litres of hot water, and some power showers can use up to 136 litres, compared with an average bath's 80 litres. These findings have been widely reported-in the Daily Mail, The Independent and the BBC, among others.

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Fat toddlers 'risk early puberty'

Girls who are overweight as toddlers risk reaching puberty as early as nine years old, a study suggests.

There's more bad news for those pudgy couch potatoes, junk food junkies and TV devotees -- and this time it really hits them where it hurts.

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what is the average age a girl start their period

The average age is 12, but this does not mean that all girls start at the same age. A girl can start her period anytime between the ages of eight and 15. Usually, the first period starts about two years after breasts first start to grow. If a girl has not had her first period by age 15, or if it has been more than two to three years since breast growth started, she should see a doctor.

now the average age for a first period is closer to 12 with one university of cincinnati study reporting that about 10 to 15 percent of girls enter puberty at age 7 or younger a phenomenon known as precocious pubertyhey were even more puzzled she recalled when she began menstruating shortly before she turned 7 puberty comes earlier the average of age of puberty has been getting steadily lower since the early 20th century when girls had their first period at age 16 or 17 according to the american academy of pediatrics

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what is the age of onset of puberty dropping among american girls

1 A new study finds girls are developing breasts earlier than ever before; American boys and girls are entering puberty about five years younger than they did in 1920.

Girls usually complete puberty by ages 15–17, while boys usually complete puberty by ages 16–17. The major landmark of puberty for females is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs on average between ages 12–13; for males, it is the first ejaculation, which occurs on average at age 13.he average age at which the onset of puberty occurs has dropped significantly since the 1840s. This was dubbed 'the secular trend' by J. M. Tanner. In every decade from 1840 to 1950 there was a drop of four months in the average age of menarche among Western European females.

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what age should a girl start developing breasts

On average, girls start puberty between the ages of 9 and 14. But some will start to develop breasts or pubic hair by age 8, and a small number will start to mature before age 7.The technical term for this is precocious puberty. Girls are five times more likely than boys to develop precocious puberty.ut some will start to develop breasts or pubic hair by age 8, and a small number will start to mature before age 7. The technical term for this is precocious puberty. Girls are five times more likely than boys to develop precocious puberty.

Breast Development (Thelarche). The first visible evidence of puberty in girls is a nickel-sized lump under one or both nipples. Breast buds, as these are called, typically occur around age nine or ten, although they may occur much earlier, or somewhat later.n a study of seventeen thousand girls, it was concluded that girls do not need to be evaluated for precocious puberty unless they are Caucasian girls showing breast development before age seven or African American girls with breast development before age six.

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what factor is often related to the onset of puberty for females?

U.S. girls are entering puberty at a younger age than in the past. More than 10 percent of white 7-year-old girls have breast changes that signal the start of puberty, according to a study conducted in the mid-2000s. This is up from just 5 percent in the early 1990s.

You might think this doesn't mean a lot but, hormones cause the changes that are associated with puberty. 1 Timing of Puberty. 2 Genitalia & Pubic Hair. 3 Growing. Possible Breast Development. Voice 1 Change. Body 2 Hair. Acne.

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what is the earliest age a girl can reach orgasm

Sexuality in preadolescent youth ages eight to 12—Puberty, the time when the body matures, begins between the ages of nine and 12 for most children. Girls begin to grow breast buds and public hair as early as nine or 10. Boys' development of penis and testicles usually begins between 10 and 11.

A recent study by the University of the West of Scotland found that women with a prominent, sharply raised ‘tubercle’ on their top lip — commonly known as a Cupid’s bow — are 12 times more likely to reach orgasm through sex alone. Lucky Sophie. For the study, 258 women aged between 18 and 35 were asked to describe their lip shape and sexual habits.

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how long is the process for weight loss surgery

A Dr. Anthony Gonzalez, MD, Surgery, answered on behalf of Baptist Health South Florida. Typically, gastric band weight-loss surgery takes about 30 minutes; gastric sleeve and gastric bypass surgeries typically last for just under one hour.The hospital stay can be a day for gastric band surgery and up to two days for a gastric sleeve or gastric bypass procedure.At South Miami Hospital’s Weight-loss Surgery Program, we have processes in place to ensure patients receive the best care. Dr. Anthony Gonzalez, MD, Surgery, answered on behalf of Baptist Health South Florida. Typically, gastric band weight-loss surgery takes about 30 minutes; gastric sleeve and gastric bypass surgeries typically last for just under one hour.

In fact, 63 per cent of patients put weight back on within two years of their operation, according to one Brazilian study of 782 patients. Meanwhile, a German review of studies on weight-loss surgery found 30 per cent of patients regained their lost weight between 18 and 36 months. As a result, growing numbers of patients are requesting a second operation. In a Dutch study of patients who’d had gastric banding, a third needed the operation redone after five years and half after ten years. ‘You must realise this is not the final answer most of the time,’ lead researcher Dr Edo Aarts says.

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how long will cardiac bypass surgery last

These time vary depending on the complexity of the procedure being performed. In brief: It varies. The average cardiac surgeries take about four hours but the actual time on the heart lung machine (bypass time) is about two hours. These time vary depending on the complexity of the procedure being performed.

In Sweden, a comprehensive cost analysis of cardiac rehabilitation, performed on patients following MI or bypass surgery (with a 5-year follow-up), showed that rehospitalizations decreased from 16 to 11 days; the study also showed a higher rate of return to work (53% versus 38%).

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what maximum temperature can it cultures be incubated in

It would be dangerous to incubate (keep and grow) cultures at temperatures close to body temperature (37°C) because doing so might allow the growth of pathogens harmful to health. So the maximum temperature used in school and college labs is 25°C.

Fungal cultures are traditionally incubated for 4 weeks or longer to maximise the recovery of slowly growing fungi. However, the data in support of this are scarce. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum incubation time for specimens in which moulds or yeast are suspected and to review the literature. A total of 3036 fungal cultures of 2216 dermatological and 820 non-dermatological specimens were analysed.

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temperature range for adults

Normal body temperature can range from 97.8 degrees F (or Fahrenheit, equivalent to 36.5 degrees C, or Celsius) to 99 degrees F (37.2 degrees C) for a healthy adult.A person's body temperature can be taken in any of the following ways: Orally.he normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions. Females ages 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart rates than do males.

A study published years ago in the Journal of the American Medical Association found the average normal temperature for adults to be 98.2°, not 98.6°, and replaced the 100.4° fever mark with fever thresholds based on the time of day.

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Above what temperature is the β form of uranium hydride created?

Uranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitride, and halide compounds. Two crystal modifications of uranium hydride exist: an α form that is obtained at low temperatures and a β form that is created when the formation temperature is above 250 °C.

A resin used for making non-wrinkle shirts releases formaldehyde, which could cause contact dermatitis for some people; no disclosure requirements exist, and in 2008 the U.S. Government Accountability Office tested formaldehyde in clothing and found that generally the highest levels were in non-wrinkle shirts and pants. In 1999, a study of the effect of washing on the formaldehyde levels found that after 6 months after washing, 7 of 27 shirts had levels in excess of 75 ppm, which is a safe limit for direct skin exposure.

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minimal temperature growth for bacteria

Most bacteria, including E. coli and S. typhimurium, can grow over a range of approximately 40°C. The growth rates of most wild-type strains of E. coli and S. typhimurium respond similarly to changes in temperature the particular response of E. coli B/r is shown in Fig.1.omments Most bacteria, including E. coli and S. typhimurium, can grow over a range of approximately 40°C. The growth rates of most wild-type strains of E. coli and S. typhimurium respond similarly to changes in temperature the particular response of E. coli B/r is shown in Fig. 1.

University Study of Temperature on Bacteria. In a study done by students at James Madison University, the Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Bacillus megaterium were put through three high temperatures: 80 degrees F, 98 degrees F and 108 degrees F.Both bacteria grew best at the lowest of the temperatures.xtreme Heating. Extreme heating over well over the boiling point of water is required to stop bacterial growth and/or kill bacteria altogether. A temperature that is higher than the highest optimum temperature for a hyperthermophilic bacterium will stop the reproduction of that bacterium and any other.

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how much higher can the temperature be inside a vehicle

The seats in both vehicles were cloth. RESULTS Within 20 minutes, readings in both cars exceeded 125 F and reached a maximum stabilized temperature in 40 minutes (Figure). The temperature rise in the first 10-minute interval was more severe for the dark-colored enclosed sedan than for the light-colored minivan. The maximum stabilized temperature was also higher for the dark enclosed sedan (140 F compared to 138 F), which was a temperature rise of over 45 F in less than 1 hour.

The best way to raise an engine's temperature to optimal levels is to drive it almost immediately after startup; according to a study by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, a car driven for 12 minutes in 14-degree-Fahrenheit weather will achieve the same temperature as one that idles for 30 minutes.

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Polynomial Approximation Theory in Sobolev Spaces

We will now develop the approximation theory appropriate for the finite elements developed in Chapter 3. We take a constructive approach, defining an averaged version of the Taylor polynomial familiar from calculus. The key estimates are provided by some simple lemmas from the theory of Riesz potentials, which we derive. As a corollary, we provide a proof of Sobolev’s inequality, much in the spirit given originally by Sobolev.

In this work, we study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the higher order p-Laplacian boundary value problem with even derivatives

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Orthonormal polynomial bases in function spaces

We construct polynomial orthonormal bases in various function spaces. Our bases have linear order of growth of degrees of polynomials. We show that this order is optimal.

In this work, we study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the higher order p-Laplacian boundary value problem with even derivatives

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Generalized topological efficiency – case study with C84 fullerene

AbstractA pure topological mechanism able to explain fullerenes stability is presented here. The non-trivial case of the C84 fullerene isomers with isolated Pentagons Is in fact analyzed. This orig...

Given ?>0 andp?(0,1), we consider the following problem: findu such that $$\begin{gathered} - \Delta u + \lambda [u]_ + ^p = 0in\Omega , \hfill \\ u = 1on\partial \Omega , \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ whereΩ??2 is a smooth convex domain. We prove optimalH 1 andL ? error bounds for the standard continuous piecewise linear Galerkin finite element approximation. In addition we analyse a more practical approximation using numerical integration on the nonlinear term. Finally we consider a modified nonlinear SOR algorithm, which is shown to be globally convergent, for solving the algebraic system derived from the more practical approximation.

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Positive Solutions for a Higher Order P-Laplacian Boundary Value Problem with Even Derivatives

In this work, we study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the higher order p-Laplacian boundary value problem with even derivatives

We construct polynomial orthonormal bases in various function spaces. Our bases have linear order of growth of degrees of polynomials. We show that this order is optimal.

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This note is an addendum to the results of P.O. Frederickson and A.C. Lazer [1], and A.C. Lazer [4] on periodic oscillations, with linear part at resonance. We show that a small modification of the argument in [4] provides a more general result. It turns out that things are different for the corresponding Dirichlet boundary value problem.

The famous result of Landesman and Lazer [10] dealt with resonance at a simple eigenvalue. Soon after publication of [10], Williams [14] gave an extension for repeated eigenvalues. The conditions in Williams [14] are rather restrictive, and no examples were ever given. We show that seemingly different classical result by Lazer and Leach [11], on forced harmonic oscillators at resonance, provides an example for this theorem. The article by Williams [14] also contained a shorter proof. We use a similar approach to study resonance for $2 \times 2$ systems. We derive conditions for existence of solutions, which turned out to depend on the spectral properties of the linear part.

Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.

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An interrelationship between the numerical range of matrix polynomials and its factorization, with linear or nonlinear factors, is investigated here. Also, a bound on the number of components of numerical range is given.

The numerical range of an n × n matrix polynomial P(λ) = Amλm + Am–1λm–1 + … + A1λ + A0 is defined by W(P) = {λ ∈ ℂ : x*P(λ)x = 0, x ∈ ℂn, x*x = 1}, and plays an important role in the study of matrix polynomials. In this paper, we describe a methodology for the illustration of its boundary, ∂W(P), using recent theoretical results on numerical ranges and algebraic curves. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

In this paper we prove that every nonlinear ∗ -Lie derivation from a factor von Neumann algebra into itself is an additive ∗ -derivation.

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Using Brouwer’s fixed point theorem, we prove the existence of solutions for some nonlinear problem with subcritical Sobolev exponent in S+4$S_{+}^{4}$.

In this paper, we consider the problem of prescribing the scalar curvature under minimal boundary conditions on the four dimensional half sphere. Using dynamical and topological methods involving the study of the critical points at infinity of the associated variational structure, we prove some existence results like Bahri-Coron theorem. Furthermore, we consider the approximate subcritical problem and we construct some solutions which blow up at two different points, one of them lay on the boundary and the other one is an interior point.

Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.

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We propose in this paper to study the solutions of some nonlinear elliptic equations with singular potential.

In response to the growing use of reaction diffusion problems in many fields, this monograph gives a systematic treatment of a class of nonlinear parabolic and elliptic differential equations and their applications these problems. It is an important reference for mathematicians and engineers, as well as a practical text for graduate students.

Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.

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