conversations
listlengths 2
2
|
|---|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who discovered the electron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Thomson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who discovered the proton?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Goldstein"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who discovered the neutron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Chadwick"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who discovered the nuclear atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Rutherford"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where in an atom are neutrons located?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "If an atom has an atomic weight of 39 and atomic number of 19, how many protons does it have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "19"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the total number of electrons in an atom that has 7 protons and 7 neutrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of an atom with 20 protons, 20 electrons and 22 neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "20"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the mass number of an atom with 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "11"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the total number of neutrons in an atom with a mass number of 3 and an atomic number of 1?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How are the atomic number and the number of protons related to each other?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Same"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do the number of protons, number of neutrons and the mass number relate to each other?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "mass# = #protons +neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the one thing that determines the identity of an atom (that is, whether it is an oxygen atom or a carbon atom, etc.)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "# protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What causes the emission of radiant energy that produces characteristic spectral lines?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Return of Electrons to lower energy levels"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many neutrons does Lithium have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "4 Neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "I am an alkali metal with 3 rings....who am I?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Na"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "I have two valence electrons and one shell...who am I?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the three types of subatomic particles?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons, neutrons, and electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge of a proton?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Positive (in math, +1)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge of a neutron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Neutral charge (no charge, 0)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where are protons located?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Proton+ Electron= ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Neutron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does an atom want to be?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electrically neutral"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the two ways that you can symbolize atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Isotope Notation and Rutherford Model"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the purpose of neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "atomic \"fat\"- add more mass to an atom (you can have as many neutrons as possible)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What makes an atom electrically neutral?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "it has the same number of protons as electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What 3 particles are found in an atom"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Proton, neutron, and electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Explain why scientist use models to study atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They are too small"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who's work was Bohr's model based on?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Max Planck"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Bohr improve on Thompson's Model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He provided a more accurate image of what an atom looks like and how it works and explained how electrons move in the atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the smallest particle of an element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the three fundamental subatomic particles?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons, Neutrons, and electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the number of protons in the nucleus referred to as?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atomic number"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In the atom Indium, which has a mass number of 113, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "49 protons, 49 electrons, and 64 neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the name and symbol of the element which has 33 protons, 42 neutrons, and 33 electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "75\\n As\\n33"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Does knowing how many electrons a NEUTRAL atom has, tell you it's elemental identity? If so how?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "# Protons= # Electron in a neutral atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an isotope? How does one isotope differ from another isotope?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons which result in different mass numbers."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Two atoms of the same element must have the same..?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "number of protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Two atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers are called..?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Isotopes"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Lithium has two isotopes, one with a mass of 6.015 amu and an abundance of 7.42%, and the other with a mass of 7.016 amu and abundance of 92.58%. What is the atomic mass of Li?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "(6.015 x 7.42) + (7.016 x 92.58)\\n------------------------------------- = 6.94 amu\\n 100"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the mass number of an atom that contains 19 protons, 19 electrons, and 20 neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "39"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where are electrons most likely found in an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the orbital"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The nucleus of an atom consists of 8 protons and 6 neutrons. The total number of electrons present in a neutral atom of this element is?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The atomic number is always equal to the total number of..?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons in the nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A sample of element X contains 90% X-35 atoms, 8.0% X-37 atoms, and 2.0% X-38 atoms. What is the atomic mass closest to?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "35"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the nuclear charge in an atom of boron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "+5"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What subatomic particle was discovered in the Cathode Ray tube experiment?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What did Democritus believe?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "All things are made up of atoms"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who disagreed with Democritus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Aristotle"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is I I W C/D?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Indivisible, identical in mass and size, Whole number ratio, Can't be created or destroyed"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the five principles are not held true today? (I I W C/D)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Identical and indivisible"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who created the plum pudding model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "J J Thompson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who created the Billiard ball model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Dalton"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What did Thompson determine the charge of an electron to be?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Negative"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What else did J J Thompson discover?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The charge to mass ratio"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What did Rutherford conclude?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-The atom is mostly empty space\\n-The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons\\n-The electrons are distributed around the nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What did Rutherford expect to happen in his experiment, and what actually happened?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He expected it to go through the gold atoms, but they deflected all over, and even back at him."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What part of the atom is Rutherford credited for discovering?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What was Millikan's main contribution to atomic theory?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He determined the size of the charge of an electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the circles around the nucleus called? What particles resides in them, and who is credited for this model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electron orbits or orbitals, electrons, and Bohr"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a heterogeneous mixture?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A mixture that contains visibly DIFFERENT parts"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a mixture"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A blend of two or more pure substances"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A salad, Cinnamon and sugar, Trial mix"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a Homogeneous Mixture or solution"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A mixture that does not contain visibly different parts, looks uniform throughout"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are examples of Homogeneous mixtures?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Aqueous solutions, salt water, milk, cool aid, sprite, Gaseous solutions, air H2 and O2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following statements describe a compound? \\na. a compound is a pure substance\\nb. a compound obeys the law of constant competition \\nc. both a and b \\nd. neither a nor b"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. both a and b"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following statements describes a mixture? \\na. a mixture does not contain a fixed ratio by mass of the component elements\\nb. chemical techniques are required to separate the components of a mixture \\nc. both a and b \\nd. neither a nor b"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. a mixture does not contain a fixed ratio by mass of the component elements"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When a particular solid sample is examined under a microscope it is observed that there are regions which are black and regions which are yellow. What type of material is this sample? \\na. a compound \\nb. an element \\nc. a homogeneous mixture \\nd. a heterogeneous mixture"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. a heterogeneous mixture"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sodium is a highly reactive metal and chlorine is a toxic gas, but when they come together the resulting material, sodium chloride, is essential for life. Which of the following is true when sodium and chlorine are brought into contact with one another? \\na. they form a heterogeneous mixture \\nb. they form a homogeneous mixture \\nc. they neutralize each other \\nd. they form a compound"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. they form a compound"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sodium chlorate, an ingredient in many common herbicides, has sodium, chlorine and oxygen atoms in the ratio 1:1:3. What is the correct formula for sodium chlorate? \\na. NaCO3\\nb. SoClO3\\nc. NaClO3\\nd. none of these"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. NaClO3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sodium bicarbonate has sodium, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms in the ratio 1:1:1:3. What is the correct formula for sodium bicarbonate? \\na. NaBiCO3\\nb. NaHCO3\\nc. SoHCO3\\nd. none of these"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. NaHCO3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "One of the postulates of Dalton's theory was incorrect. Which of the following best describes the effect of the incorrect postulate? \\na. since one postulate was incorrect the theory must be discarded \\nb. the theory can still be used because the erroneous postulate does not have any effect on the physical properties of the elements \\nc. the theory can still be used because the erroneous postulate does not have any effect on the chemical properties of the elements \\nd. the theory can still be used because the erroneous postulate does not have any effect on either the chemical or physical properties of the elements"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. the theory can still be used because the erroneous postulate does not have any effect on either the chemical or physical properties of the elements"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A number of elements occur naturally as diatomic molecules under normal atmospheric conditions. Which of the following does not occur naturally as a diatomic molecule? \\na. chlorine \\nb. hydrogen\\nc. nitrogen\\nd. sulfur"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. sulfur"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which element is present in the largest amount (by mass) in the human body? \\na. carbon\\nb. hydrogen\\nc. nitrogen\\nd. oxygen"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. oxygen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which element is present in the largest amount (by number of atoms) in the human body? \\na. carbon \\nb. hydrogen\\nc. nitrogen\\nd. oxygen"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. hydrogen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which element accounts for nearly half the mass of the earth's crust? \\na. carbon\\nb. iron\\nc. oxygen\\nd. silicon"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. oxygen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following correctly describes a proton? \\na. on the scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a +1 charge\\nb. on the scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a -1 charge \\nc. on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a +1 charge\\nd. on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a -1 charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. on a scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a +1 charge"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following correctly describes an electron? \\na. on the scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a +1 charge \\nb. on the scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a -1 charge \\nc. on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a +1 charge \\nd. on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a -1 charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a -1 charge"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The mass of a neutron is approximately which of the following? \\na. 12g \\nb. 1g\\nc. 12amu\\nd. 1amu"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. 1amu"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The mass of an electron is approximately which of the following? \\na. 1 amu\\nb. 1 g \\nc. 0.0005 amu\\nd. 0.0005 g"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. 0.0005 amu"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The mass number of an atom is equal to which of the following? \\na. the number of protons in the atom \\nb. the number of neutrons in the atom \\nc. the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom \\nd. the total number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the mass number of an atom which is made up of 38 protons, 52 neutrons and 38 electrons? \\na. 38\\nb. 52\\nc. 90\\nd. 128"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. 90"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Suppose a new element named questing has two isotopes. These isotopes are Qu-297 (40.30%, 296.78%amu) and Qu-301 (59.70%, 300.88 amu). What is the atomic weight of questinum, reported to the correct number of significant digits? \\na. 299 amu\\nb. 299.0 amu\\nc. 299.12 amu\\nd. 299.23 amu"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. 299.23 amu"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called? \\na. cycles\\nb. periods\\nc. families \\nd. none of these"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. periods"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called? \\na. families \\nb. periods \\nc. either a or b \\nd. neither a nor b"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. families"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the elements in the \"B\" columns of the periodic table called? \\na. main group elements \\nb. inner transition elements \\nc. metalloids \\nd. transition elements"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. transition elements"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which column of the periodic table is commonly called the alkali metals? \\na. 1A \\nb. 2A\\nc. 7A\\nd. 8A"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. 1A"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which columns of the periodic table is commonly called the halogens? \\na. 1A \\nb. 4A\\nc. 7A\\nd. 8A"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. 7A"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following columns of the periodic table contains no metallic elements? \\na. 4A\\nb. 5A\\nc. 6A\\nd. 7A"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. 7A"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following columns of the periodic table contains only gaseous elements? \\na. 5A\\nb. 6A\\nc. 7A\\nd. 8A"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. 8A"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following contains only transition metals? \\na. Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni\\nb. V, W, Xe, Zr \\nc. Cr, Mo, Ni, Pt \\nd. none of these"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. Cr, Mo, Ni, Pt"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following sequences gives the correct order as we move form left to right across a row of the periodic table? \\na. metal, metalloid, nonmetal \\nb. metal, nonmetal, metalloid \\nc. nonmetal, metal, metalloid \\nd. nonmetal, metalloid, metal"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. metal, metalloid, nonmetal"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following best describes the properties of the elements? \\na. chemical and physical properties vary in a systematic way as one moves across a row of the periodic table \\nb. chemical and physical properties vary in a systematic way as one moves down a column of the periodic table \\nc. both a and b \\nd. neither a nor b"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. both a and b"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the name of the lowest possible energy state for an electron? \\na. Bohr state\\nb. bottom state \\nc. ground state\\nd. none of the above"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. ground state"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "If we consider the elements C, N, and O, which types of orbitals do these elements use in bonding? \\na. only s \\nb. only p \\nc. both s and p \\nd. s, p, and d"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. both s and p"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following statements describe properties fo orbitals? \\na. orbital fill in order of increasing energy form lowest to highest \\nb. each orbital can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins \\nc. when there is a set of orbitals of equal energy each orbital becomes half filled before any of them becomes completely filled \\nd. all of the above"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. all of the above"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is true about elements in the same horizontal row of the periodic table? \\na. the number of valence electrons remains the same throughout the row\\nb. the number of valence electrons decreases as we move left to right across a row \\nc. the number of valence electrons increases as we move left to right across a row \\nd. there is no simple relationship between the number of valence electrons and the position of the element"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. the number of valence electrons increases as we move left to right across a row"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The ionization energy of an atom is which of the following? \\na. the energy released when an atom gains an electron \\nb. the energy released when an atom loses an electron \\nc. the energy required to add an electron to an atom \\nd. the energy required to remove an electron from an atom"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. the energy required to remove an electron from an atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What change is occurring in the atom to cause the colors seen in the flame and spectroscope? In other words, what is going on with the electrons in an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The atom is going from its ground state to its excited state when it enters the flame. When this conversion happens, the atoms burn causing a chemical reaction. This chemical reaction is able to be seen with the naked eye, but the spectroscope can give us more of an exact match with its exact chemical though a bar code that is given to us using the different amounts and color of light presented from the chemical burning.\\n(The electrons give off energy in the form of light when falling/changing from an excited state to a ground state.)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A student performed flame tests of several unknowns and observed that they were all shades of red. What could be done to distinguish the unknowns from each other?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They should use the spectroscope in order to identify the color bar code that is different for each element. The spectroscope will help to see things that the human eye can not pinpoint. The spectroscope can give off special amounts of different colored light, which is then converted into a bar code and measured in numbers, which can later match up to only one specific element."
}
] |