conversations
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[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "If an atom has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, what is the mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What happens if you change the number of protons in an element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It becomes a different element."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What happens if you change the number of electrons in an element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The mass of the atom changes."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What happens if you change the number of neutrons in an element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It becomes negatively or positively charged."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the 2 types of ions?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "cations and anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement describes the location of two\\ntypes of subatomic particles in a helium atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and neutrons are located in the\\nnucleus."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which term identifies the most probable\\nlocation of an electron in the wave-mechanical\\nmodel of the atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "orbital"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge of the nucleus of a copper\\natom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "29"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which electron configuration represents the\\ndistribution of electrons in a potassium atom in\\nthe ground state?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2-8-8-1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which change occurs when an atom in an excited\\nstate returns to the ground state?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Energy is emitted."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which electron configuration represents an\\nexcited state for an atom of calcium?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2-8-7-3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, why the radius of a lithium ion is smaller than\\nthe radius of a lithium atom."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The radius of a Li ion is smaller than the Li atom because of the loss of a valence electron."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement describes the charge of an\\nelectron and the charge of a proton?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An electron has a charge of -1, and a proton\\nhas a charge of +1."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Naturally occurring gallium is a mixture of\\nisotopes that contains 60.11% of Ga-69\\n(atomic mass = 68.93 u) and 39.89% of Ga-71\\n(atomic mass = 70.92 u). Which numerical\\nsetup can be used to determine the atomic\\nmass of naturally occurring gallium?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "(68.93 u)(0.6011) (70.92 u)(0.3989)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "State how bright-line spectra viewed through a spectroscope can be used to identify the\\nmetal ions in the salts used in the flame tests."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Each element has it's own unique atomic (bright-line) emission spectrum."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "J.J Thomson discovered a subatomic particle that was negatively charged and smaller than the atom. What was it?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In the famous experiment conducted by Earnest Rutherford, positively charged alpha particles were scattered by a thin gold foil. What conclusion resulted from this experiment?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The nucleus is very small and the atom is mostly empty space."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following particles has almost no mass?\\n\\na. proton\\nb. neutron\\nc. electron"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. electron."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are CHEMICAL FORMULAS?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-The \"recipe\" for a compound\\n-A chemical formula TELLS THE NUMBER OF ATOMS of each element IN the COMPOUND."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are COMPOUNDS?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-A COMPOUND is a substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio, or proportion.\\n-Compounds are elements that have been chemically combined in EXACT amounts to form a NEW substance."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are ELEMENTS?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-An element is a substance made of same type of atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are MOLECULES?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-The smallest unit of a compound is called a molecule. The big number in the chemical formula tells the number of molecules."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the 3 rules for counting atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Subscripts, Coefficients, Parenthesis"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the subatomic particle a?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the subatomic particle b?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Neutron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the subatomic particle c?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Proton"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to find the number of protons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "same as atomic number"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to find the number of neutrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to find the number of electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "same as the number of protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to make Lewis Dot Structures"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1. Place all the valence electrons on the atom. \\n2. Find the most likely way for them to bond. Remember the octet rule. \\n3. Draw lines to make bonds visible."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many protons does Lithium have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Between protons, neutrons and electrons, which have similar mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Between protons, neutrons and electrons, which has the smallest mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Mass of a proton?\\ngive in kg and amu"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1.6726 x 10-27 kg. and\\n1.0072766 a.m.u."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Mass of a neutron? give in kg and amu"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1.6749 x 10-27 kg and \\n1.0086654 a.m.u."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the chemical symbol for magnesium"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Mg"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the chemical symbol for Nickle?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ni"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the chemical symbol for bromine?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Br"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the chemical symbol for phosphorus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "P"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number for carbon?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "6"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of calcium?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "20"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of iodine?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "53"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of manganese"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "25"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of magnesium?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "12"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of Indium?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "49"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of sulphur?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "16"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of gold?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "79"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of silver?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "47"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the chemical symbol of antimony?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Sb"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the chemical symbol of gold?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Au"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where does the chemical symbol for gold come from?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The chemical symbol for gold, Au, comes from the Latin term aurum."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the mass number of an ion with 109 electrons, 157 neutrons, and a +1 charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "267"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the chemical symbol for astatine?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "At"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of astatine?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "85"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does astatine have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons will an element in column 4a of the periodic table (https://session.masteringchemistry.com/assets/help/tools.html) have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does carbon have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does oxygen have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "6"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Chemical symbol for chlorine?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cl"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does chlorine have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the chemical symbol for argon?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ar"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does sulphur have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "6"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does Kr have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does I have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does Sb have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "5"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does In have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does Rb have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions are in fluorine"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions are in calcium"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "+2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions are in sodium"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Na+1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions are in iodine"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "I-"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions must be gained for this element to become a noble gas: S"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions must be gained for this element to become a noble gas: I"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions must be gained for this element to become a noble gas: N"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions must be gained for this element to become a noble gas: Se"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many ions must be gained for this element to become a noble gas: Cl"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an exception to the octet rule?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen is an exception to the octet rule because it is stable with only 2 electrons; however, there are also other exceptions to the octet rule. For example, B is stable with only 6 electrons and P and S may form expanded octets with 10 electrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A covalent compound is composed of a nitrogen atom, a hydrogen atom, and a carbon atom. How many electrons should the Lewis structure of the covalent compound contain?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "10"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the process for the Lewis Dot Structure?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": ""
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the Lewis structure of the covalent compound that contains one nitrogen atom, one hydrogen atom, and one carbon atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "There are two valid Lewis structures that minimize formal charges (charge assigned to each atom in a molecule based on an equal sharing of electrons between atoms in a bond) for a compound containing one nitrogen atom, one hydrogen atom, and one carbon atom. They are\\n\\n[ H-N.=-.C and H-C=-N. \\nSo there is a triple bond between the C and N and two dots by the N ]\\n\\nhydrogen cyanide and hydrogen isocyanide\\nThe more stable of the two structures is hydrogen cyanide, HCN. Generally structures that maintain octets without the need for charge separation are more stable."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to make The Lewis Structure (Lewis Dot Diagram) for HCN."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The Lewis Structure (Lewis Dot Diagram) for HCN.\\n1. Count electrons\\n2. Put least electronegative atom in centre\\n3. Put one electron pair in each bond\\n4. Fill outer atoms with electrons\\n5. Move electrons so all atoms (esp. the centre one) has a full octet\\n\\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQRrPXYPZys"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how many bonding electrons and lone pair electrons (nonbonding electrons) are there in the Lewis structure of HCN?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8,2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Learning Goal:\\nTo name molecular compounds using the chemical formulas and systematic naming rules.\\nBinary molecular compounds are generally composed of two nonmetal atoms conected by covalent bonds. Nonmetal atoms are found in the upper right of the periodic table, although hydrogen is sometimes included in this group.\\nIn naming molecular compounds, Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element present. If there is only one atom of the first element, the prefix mono is usually omitted. For example, CO2 is called carbon dioxide. Note that the ending of the second element is changed to ide.\\n\\nwhat are the prefixes?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Number Prefix\\n1 mono\\n2 di or eth (alkane) \\n3 tri or prop (alkane)\\n4 tetra or but (alkane)\\n5 penta\\n6 hexa\\n7 hepta\\n8 octa\\n9 nona\\n10 deca"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the name of the molecular compound CI4?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "carbon tetraiodide"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the name of the molecular compound P2O3?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "diphosphorus trioxide"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the name of the molecular compound XeF6?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "xenon hexafluoride"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Difference between branched and unbranched structures?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The line-angle structure is an easy and quick way to represent complex organic molecules. It gives a more realistic description of the angles seen in a carbon chain.\\nIn a line-angle structure, carbon and hydrogen atoms are not explicitly shown. It is understood that a carbon atom is present wherever a line begins or ends, and also at the intersection of two lines. A carbon atom must form four bonds with other atoms, and a single carbon atom can form a double (to C, O, or N) or triple (to C or N) bond with another atom. Therefore, all bonds not shown on a specific carbon atom indicate a carbon-hydrogen bond.\\nA branched structure is formed when a carbon atom in a chain is bonded to more than two other carbon atoms.\\nLine-angle structure of a hydrocarbon branched at the second carbon atom.\\nHere, the second carbon atom is linked to carbon atoms 1, 3, and 6. Hence, the above structure is branched.\\nFollow these guidelines to interpret the structures:\\nA carbon-carbon bond is represented by a line.\\nA line ending or beginning represents a carbon atom.\\nThe vertex where the two lines meet also represents a carbon atom.\\nAny atom other than carbon or hydrogen must be shown.\\nA carbon atom can form four bonds. Any bonds that are not shown for a carbon atom actually represent hydrogen atoms that help the carbon atom achieve tetravalency."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the name of a 4-membered carbon ring with a 2-carbon chain branching off the first carbon?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "ethylcyclobutane"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?\\n\\nCH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH3\\n |\\n CH3"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2-methylhexane"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an alkyl group?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An alkyl group is a piece of a molecule with the general formula CnH2n+1, where n is some integer. For example, a methyl group (CH3) is a fragment of a methane molecule (CH4); n = 1 in this case. The -yl ending means \"a fragment of an alkane formed by removing a hydrogen\"."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the IUPAC name of the alkyl group CH3- CH2- CH2-?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "propyl"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the IUPAC name of the alkyl group CH3- ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "methyl"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the IUPAC name of the alkyl group CH3- CH2- ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "ethyl"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the IUPAC name of the alkyl group CH3- CH2- CH2-CH2?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "butyl"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the IUPAC name of the alkyl group CH3- CH2- CH2-CH2-CH2?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "pentyl"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the IUPAC name for this alkane?\\n CH2-CH3\\n |\\nCH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3\\n |\\n CH3"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3, 4-dimethylhexane"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what is the ending of a compound with a double bond."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-ene"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the condensed structural formula for the compound 3-hexene?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "CH3-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are examples of cycloalkenes?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "One double bond in a \\ntriangle cyclopropene\\nsquare cyclobutene\\ncyclopentene pentagon\\ncyclohexene hexagon\\n\\ntwo double bonds in higher carbon chains\\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloalkene"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "According to the IUPAC convention for chemical naming, which part of a hydrocarbon is selected as the main chain for a hydrocarbon chain?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the longest continuous chain, regardless of bends"
}
] |