conversations
listlengths 2
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|
|---|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When did Dalton form his atomic theory?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1808"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the four components of Dalton's Atomic Theory?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1. All matter us made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.\\n2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. (proven incorrect)\\n3. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.\\n4. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the year in which JJ Thompson discovered the electron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1897"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What was the evidence for \"bodies being much smaller than atoms?\""
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "JJ Thompson interpreted the deflection of the rays by electrically charged plates and magnets."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What was the model of the atom that JJ Thompson proposed in 1904?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The model was a sphere of positive matter in which electrons are positioned by electrostatic forces."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who formed the plum pudding model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "JJ Thompson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What was the plum pudding model of the atom and its electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It was an atom that was thought of as having negatively-charged electrons scattered in it like raisins in pudding."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How much smaller was the nucleus, than the atom itself, according to Rutherford?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "10,000 times smaller"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Bohr modify Rutherford's model of the atom(revolutionary idea)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He said electrons \"jump\" between energy levels in a quantum fashion, that is, without ever existing in an in-between state."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "According to Chadwick(and Rutherford), what makes up the atomic number?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It was made up of the number of protons in the nucleus, equivalent to the positive charge of the atom."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "According to Chadwick(and Rutherford), what makes up the atomic mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The atomic mass is the average mass of the atom."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What observation led Chadwick (and Rutherford) to conclude there must be something just besides the proton in the nucleus of atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They observed that the electrons have almost no mass."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the something-besides-just-the proton called?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "neutron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who said all matter consists of very small indivisible particles?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Democritus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who called atoms Atomos?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Democritus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who thought of atoms as microscopic building blocks?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Democritus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who used a cathode ray tube?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "JJ Thompson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who discovered that the charged particle was negative and had a very small mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "JJ Thompson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who created the \"Plum Pudding\" model, where there were electrons \"plums\" stuck in a positive pudding?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "JJ Thompson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who carried out the Oil Drop experiment?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Robert A. Millikan"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who measured the charge of the electron with great precision?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Robert A. Millikan"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who said that the charge was exactly the same on each electron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Robert A. Millikan"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who examined the motion of single, tiny drops drops of oil that picked up static charge from ions in the air?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Robert A. Millikan"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who did the Gold Foil experiment?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Lord Ernest Rutherford"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who said that the nucleus and that the atom was mostly empty space?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Lord Ernest Rutherford"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who discovered neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "James Chadwick"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who said that neutrons are neutral and have a mass slightly greater than that of protons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "James Chadwick"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is electrically neutral?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "neutron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many different elements are in a water molecule?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "two"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of these atoms has the most mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "uranium"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of these statements is true?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What makes an element distinct?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the number of protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is not a mixture?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "(granite, cake, and air) all are mixtures"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which is the smallest particle listed below?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of these forces determines the chemical properties of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electrical force"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "lead"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the molecular mass of a water molecule?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "18 amu"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when there is an electric current through it?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "uranium"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "uranium"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is conserved when one balances a chemical equation?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atoms"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In the combustion of hydrogen gas, hydrogen reacts with oxygen from the air to form water vapor. Hydrogen + Oxygen Yields Water. If you burn 47.8 g of Hydrogen and produce 427 g of water, how much oxygen reacted?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Subtract g of Water with g of Hydrogen and you get 379.2 g of Oxygen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In 1808, John Dalton proposed a series of statements regarding the atom that became known as Dalton's postulates or Dalton's atomic theory. Since Dalton's original proposal, some of the statements have been updated or changed due to new discoveries. Which of the statements was not a part of Dalton's original atomic theory?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Matter is comprised of small particles called atoms.\\nAtoms of the same element have the same size, mass and structure. \\nAtoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. \\nDifferent elements have atoms of different masses and properties."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following chemical reactions are not possible according to Dalton's atomic theory?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "CCl4⟶CH4\\n2H2+O2⟶2H2O+Au"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which definition best describes the term molar mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The mass, in grams, of one mole of a substance"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Select properties for the most abundant isotope of a particular element are given.\\nWhich of these properties are the same for the second most abundant isotope of the element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Reacts with chlorine to give the compound GaCl3.\\nThe atomic number is 31."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A 6.57 g sample of calcium sulfide was decomposed into its constituent elements, producing 3.65 g of calcium and 2.92 g of sulfur.\\nWhich of the statements are consistent with the law of constant composition (definite proportions)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Every sample of calcium sulfide will have 44.4% mass of sulfur.\\nThe mass percentage of calcium plus the mass percentage of sulfur in every sample of calcium sulfide equals 100%.\\nThe mass ratio of S to Ca in every sample of calcium sulfide is 0.80."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Consider how the qualities discrete and continuous apply to materials at the macroscopic (visible to the unaided eye) level. Which of the following is continuous? \\na. coffee (the beverage)\\nb. a bag of coffee beans\\nc. a pile of leaves\\nd. a tiled floor"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "coffee (the beverage)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When diamond - a pure form of carbon - is burned in an oxygen atmosphere, each carbon atom combines with two oxygen atoms. If a 2.000g (10.0 carat) diamond is burned in a closed container with only 6.000g of oxygen, how much will the container's contents weigh after the burning process?\\na. 2.000 g\\nb. 6.000 g\\nc. 8.000 g\\nd. uncertain"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8.000 g"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When 60.0 g of carbon is burned in 160.0 g of oxygen, 220.0 g of carbon dioxide is formed. What mass of carbon dioxide is formed when 60.0 g of carbon is burned in 750.0 g of oxygen?\\na. 60.0 g \\nb. 160.0 g\\nc. 220.0 g\\nd. 810.0 g"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "220.0 g"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Consider carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). They both contain carbon and oxygen. If a sample of CO contains 36.0321 g of C and 47.9982 g of O, how many g of O would there be in CO2 if it contained 36.0321?\\na. 15.9994 \\nb. 47.9982\\nc. 36.0321\\nd. 95.9964"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "95.9964"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many types of atoms are present in a given compound?\\na. at least 2 \\nb. hundreds\\nc. three or more\\nd. depends on the mass of the compound"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "at least 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement in regards to a mole of carbon is incorrect?\\na. it contains the Avogadro's number of carbon atoms \\nb. it is a quantity of carbon\\nc. it weighs 12.0107 g\\nd. it contains 12 atoms of carbon"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "it contains 12 atoms of carbon"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement in regards to molar mass is incorrect?\\na. the molar mass of carbon-12 is 12.0000 g/mole \\nb. it is the mass of 6.022X10^23 atoms of an element\\nc. it is the mass of 6.022X10^23 molecules of a compound\\nd. it can only be applied to atoms of an element"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "it can only be applied to atoms of an element"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement is correct in regards to recycling?\\na. compounds are never altered \\nb. new elements may be created, except for gold\\nc. elements remain unaltered\\nd. only iron can be recycled"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "elements remain unaltered"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the significance of the periodic table elements?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It predicts and lists all chemical elements in the universe."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an example of a subatomic particle?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons, neutrons, electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What two types of particles exist within an atomic nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What can you conclude from the atomic number of an element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the amount of protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In what way are atoms indivisible?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They cannot be broken apart without losing their chemical properties."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the small number at the bottom of each element represent?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an atomic mass"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In the formula for two molecules of zinc nitrate, 2Zn(NO3)2, \\nAnswer the following:\\n\\nNumber of zinc atoms? \\n\\nNumber of oxygen atoms? \\n\\nNumber of different elements? \\n\\nCoefficient number?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Number of zinc atoms? 2\\n\\nNumber of oxygen atoms? 12\\n\\nNumber of different elements? 3\\n\\nCoefficient number? 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which two formulas contain 4 atoms of hydrogen?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "C2H4O2\\n2H2CO3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The following chemical equation is made up of two parts: the reactants\\nand the products. How many total atoms are on the product side?\\nN2 + 3H2 −−−› 2NH3"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In the formula for ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, \\nAnswer the following:\\n\\nNumber of nitrogen atoms? \\n\\nNumber of oxygen atoms? \\n\\nNumber of different elements? \\n\\nNumber of total atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Number of nitrogen atoms? 2\\n\\nNumber of oxygen atoms? 4\\n\\nNumber of different elements? 4\\n\\nNumber of total atoms? 15"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The formula for 3Fe(OH)2\\nAnswer the following:\\n\\nHow many atoms? H \\n\\nHow many atoms? O \\n\\nHow many atoms? Fe \\n\\nTotal atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "How many atoms? H 6\\n\\nHow many atoms? O 6 \\n\\nHow many atoms? Fe 3\\n\\nTotal atoms? 15"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The formula for Al2(CO3)3\\nAnswer the following:\\n\\n1. How many atoms of oxygen are in the compound above? \\n\\n2. How many total atoms in this compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1. How many atoms of oxygen are in the compound above? 9\\n\\n2. How many total atoms in this compound? 14"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The formula for sucrose (a type of sugar) is, C12H22O11. \\nAnswer the following.\\n\\nNumber of hydrogen atoms? \\n\\nNumber of oxygen atoms? \\n\\nNumber of different elements? \\n\\nNumber of total atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Number of hydrogen atoms? 22\\n\\nNumber of oxygen atoms? 11\\n\\nNumber of different elements? 3\\n\\nNumber of total atoms? 45"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The formula for C2H4O2\\nAnswer the following:\\n\\n1. How many different atoms are in the compound above? \\n\\n2. How many atoms of hydrogen? \\n\\n3. How many total atoms are in this compound? \\n\\n4. If a big 2 were added in front of this formula, what would that mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "How many different atoms are in the compound above? 3\\n\\n2. How many atoms of hydrogen? 4\\n\\n3. How many total atoms are in this compound? 8\\n\\n4. If a big 2 were added in front of this formula, what would that mean? Two molecules"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what flaws exist in Daltons model of the atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "atoms-indestructable, atoms of same element identical"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what flaws exist in Thompsons plum pudding model of the atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "no positive nucleus in center, most of atom empty space"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what flaws exist in Rutherfords model of the atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "couldnt explain why negative electrons didnt collapse into positive nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which of Daltons principles was contradicted by the work of Thomson?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Thomson divided atom by finding electron that was smaller than atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which of Daltons principles is contradicted by a doctor using radioactive isotopes to trace chemicals into the body?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "all atoms of same element identical"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Do any of Daltons principles still hold true today? Which ones?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "atoms combine in small whole number ratios, atoms of different elements have different masses, chemical reactions involve rearrangement of atoms to form compounds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The four items shown below were served at a dinner at Kim's house. Each of the items is a mixture.Which of the mixtures is a solution?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is true of all mixtures?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "All mixtures are made up of atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Carbon has an atomic number of 6. Which of the following does the atomic number 6 tell you about carbon?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The number of protons in a carbon atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sunee mixes crushed ice into a glass of cold water. She puts the glass onto the kitchen counter. Then, she measures the temperature of the ice water. What should she expect to happen to the temperature of the ice and water mixture?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It will stay at 0 °C until all of the ice melts."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Atoms of different elements can join together in different arrangements to produce a variety of substances that are found on Earth. There are more than 100 known elements. Which of the following best describes these elements?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Most of the elements are metals."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": ".\\nWhich of these substances is an example of a solution?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Air"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Calcium is an element. What is the smallest particle of calcium that has the same chemical properties of calcium?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An atom of calcium"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In which state of matter are the particles able to move around one another?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Gases and liquids only"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What do elements in the same group on the periodic table have in common?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They have similar chemical properties."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Some properties, such as mass, depend on how much matter is present. Other properties, such as malleability, remain the same no matter how much matter is present. Which of these choices is a physical property of the element potassium that remains the same no matter how much matter is present?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Melting point"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of these substances is a compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ammonia"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The chart below shows the atomic numbers and mass numbers for two elements. Element 2 has a greater atomic number and mass number than element 1.How many more neutrons does element 2 have than element 1?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "9"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr) arein the same column in the periodic table. Why are these elements in the same column in theperiodic table?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They have similar properties."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Some compounds are classified as acids or bases. The pH scale shows how acidic or how basic these compounds are. The lower the pH, the more acidic a compound is. The higher the pH, the more basic it is. Sodium hydroxide, a compound commonly found in drain cleaners, has a pH of 13.Which of these phrases describes sodium hydroxide?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Highly basic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Marcus wants to use two objects to compare the sizes of a proton and an electron. If he uses a basketball for a proton, which object would best represent an electron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A pea"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The diagram shows the three states of matter.Which diagram shows the state of matter in which particles take on the shape, but not volume, of their container?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A row of 100 million atoms of a single type would be only about 1 centimeter (cm) long. What occupies most of this space?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Empty space"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Tyson draws a model to show how the particles in a liquid appear.Which model (or models) could be Tyson's drawing of particles in a LIQUID?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Model 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is NOT made up of atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "heat"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Raul and Bonnie are trying to classify several objects that they found during a field trip to the beach. They collected a sample of seawater, a piece of driftwood, and several smooth pebbles. What property does the driftwood share with the pebbles that it does not share with the water?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Its particles vibrate, but are locked in place."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A magnet was placed near a pile that contained both iron and sulfur. The magnet was moved gradually closer to the pile. As it neared the pile, the magnet started attracting small pieces of iron from the pile.Which of these statements best describes the contents of the pile?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It is a heterogeneous mixture of iron and sulfur that can be separated by magnetism."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Any atom that has 13 protons is an aluminum atom. Which statement best describes what would happen if a proton were added to an aluminum atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The atom would no longer be aluminum."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The periodic table has a lot of information in the form of letters and numbers. The information is organized into boxes, which are placed in rows and stacked in columns. Which of the following does each box represent?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An element"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A substance contains an arrangement of different types of atoms joined together by chemical bonds. Which of the following classes of substances could this describe?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "All compounds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What atoms combine to make up a molecule of water (H2O)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen"
}
] |