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ํ์ง๋ง ์น๋ฌด์๋ค์ ๋น๊ต์ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ์ ์๋ค. | It was a relatively inexperienced crew; |
์ฐ์ฃผ ๋นํ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ์์๋ ์น๋ฌด์๋ค์ ํ์ฆ๋ฒ๋, ์ค๋์จ, ์ธ๋ํ์์ ์ด๋ผ ์
๋ฟ์ด์๋ค. | only three _ Husband, Anderson and Indian-born Chawla _ had flown before. |
์ด์ค๋ผ์ ๊ณต๊ตฐ ๋๋ น ๋ผ๋ชฌ (48) ์ ํฌํจ ๊ทธ ์ธ ์น๋ฌด์๋ค์ ์ด๋
๋ณ์ด์๋ค. | The others were rookies, including Ramon, the 48-year-old Israeli Air Force colonel. |
๋ ๋ฒ์ด๋ ์ ์์์ ์ธ์ ๋ ์ ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ข
์ฌ๋ก, ๊ทธ๋ ์์ฐ์๋น์ธ ๊ฐ์ ์์ฉ์์์ 14์ธ ์ ํ์ธ ์๋
์ผ๋ก ์ฃฝ์ ํผํฐ ๊ธด์ฆ์ ์ํด ''๋ฌ ์ ๊ฒฝ"์ด๋ผ๋ ์ ๋ชฉํ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋ง ์ฐํ์ ์ด ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๊ฐ์๋ค. | A former fighter pilot who survived two wars, he carried into space a small pencil drawing titled ``Moon Landscape'' by Peter Ginz, a 14-year-old Jewish boy killed at Auschwitz. |
์ด์ค๋ผ์ ์๋ฆฌ์ ์ค๋ก ์์์ค์ ์ฑ๋ช
์์ ''์ด์ค๋ผ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ด ์ด๋ ค์ด ์๊ธฐ์๋ ํ๋"๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | ``The state of Israel and its citizens are as one at this difficult time,'' Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's office said in a statement. |
TV ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ฐ์ ๋น๊ณผ ๋ค์ด์ด ํ๋์ ๋๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ก์ง๋ฌ ์ง์ฃผํ๋ฏ ํผ์ด๋๋ ๋ฒ์ฏ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ์๋ค. | Television footage showed a bright light followed by white smoke plumes streaking diagonally across the sky. |
ํ
์ฌ์ค ๊ณ ์๋๋ก๋ฅผ ์ด์ ์ค์ด์๋ ๋ ๋ฃจ๋น์จ๋ ''์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ๋ง ๋ฐ๊ณ ๋น๋๋ฉฐ ์ ์ฒด๊ฐ ํ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๋์ ๊ฐ๋ก์ง๋ฌ ๋ด๋ ค์ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์์ต๋๋ค. | ``We saw it coming across the sky real bright and shiny and all in one piece. |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๋น์ด ๋นํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ์ฌ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ง์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํ์๋ค"๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | We thought it was the sun shining off an airplane,'' said Doug Ruby, who was driving along a Texas highway. |
์ฐ์ฃผ์ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ๋ช๋ช ํ
์ฌ์ค ๋์ชฝ ์นด์ดํฐ์ ๋ฃจ์ด์ง์ ๋์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์๋ค. | Pieces of the spacecraft were found in several east Texas counties and in Louisiana. |
์ฌ๋น ์นด์ดํฐ ๋ณด์๊ด ํฐ ๋งค๋
์ค์จ๋ ์ํ์ฐจ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ํํธ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ํ
์ฌ์ค-๋ฃจ์ด์ง์ ๋ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์ ์ ์๋ ํจ๋ ๋ ๋ฒค๋ ์ ์์ง์ ๋จ์ด์ก๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | A piece of debris the size of a compact car fell into Toledo Bend Reservoir on the Texas-Louisiana line, said Sabine County Sheriff Tom Maddox. |
ํด์คํค ๋๋ถ๋ฐฉ 217km ๋จ์ด์ง ๋์ฝ๊ทธ๋์ฒด์ค์์ ์ฃผ๋ณ (ๅทๅ
ต)์ด ์์ ์๋น ์ฌ๊ด์ ๊ฐ์ฒ ๋ด์ ๋๋ํ ๋ณด์๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค. | In Nacogdoches, 135 miles (217 kilometers) northeast of Houston, a National Guardsman stood watch over a steel rod with silver bolts. |
์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์๋ฆฌ์ง๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ํํธ์ ์ฌ์ง์ ์ฐ์๋ค. | People streamed up to take photos of the debris. |
๋ฏธ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ ํญ๊ณต๊ตญ์ ๊ธฐ์๊ตญ ๋ ์ด๋๊ฐ ๋ฃจ์ด์ง์ ๋ ์ฐฐ์ค ํธ(ๆน) ์๊ณต ๊ธธ์ด 153ํฌ๋ก๋ฏธํฐ, ํญ 21-35ํฌ๋ก๋ฏธํฐ์ ํํธ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์ ํฌ์ฐฉํ์ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ ๋นํ์ฌ์๊ฒ ํต๊ณ ํ๋ค. | The Federal Aviation Administration issued a notice to airmen because the National Weather Service radar picked up a debris cloud about 95 miles (153 kilometers) long and 13 to 22 miles (21 to 35 kilometers) wide over Lake Charles, Louisiana. |
์ก๊ตฐ ์ 1 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ฌ๋จ์ ํ
์ฌ์ค ํฌํธ ํ๋์์ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์ฝฅํฐ ์์-๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋๋ค. | The Army's 1st Cavalry Division sent a helicopter search-and-rescue task force from Fort Hood, Texas. |
ํญ๊ณต์ฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ธ๋ค์๊ฒ ํํธ ์์์ ํ์กฐํด๋ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถํํ๋ฉด์ ๋
์ฑ ์ถ์ง์ฐ๋ฃ์ ์ค์ผ๋์ด์์์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ํํธ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๋ง์ง์ง ๋ง๊ฒ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ๋ค. | NASA also asked members of the public to help in its search for debris, but warned people not to touch the pieces because they might be contaminated with toxic propellants. |
์ด ์ฐ์ฃผ๋นํ๋ 22๋
์๋ณต์ ๊ณํ์ 113๋ฒ์งธ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ 10์ต ๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ค์ฌ 1981๋
์ ๋ง๋ ํญ๊ณต์ฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค๋๋ ์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์ํธ๋ก๋ 28๋ฒ์งธ์๋ค. | The flight was the 113th in the shuttle program's 22 years and the 28th flight for Columbia, NASA oldest shuttle which was built in 1981 at a cost of about $1 billion. |
์๋ณต์ ์๋ฌด STS-107 ์ ์๋ฆ๋ผ์น๋ ์ข
๋ง์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ๊ณํ์ ์น๋ช
ํ์๋ค. | The horrific end of shuttle mission STS-107 was a devastating blow to the nation's space program; |
์ฑ๋ฆฐ์ ํธ ํญ๋ฐ์ ์๋ณต์ ๋ฐ์ฌ 2๋
์ ๋ฉด ๊ธ์ง๋ก ์ด์ด์ก๊ณ ํ ์์ผ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ๊ตญ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฅ (ISS) ๊ฑด์ค์ ์ ์ง์ํฌ ์ ๋ ์๋ค. | the Challenger explosion led to a 2-year moratorium on launches, and Saturday's accident could bring construction of the international space station to a standstill. |
์ด ์๋ณต์ ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฅ์ ์ค์น๋ ๋ถํ์ ์ด์กํ๋ค: | The shuttle delivers components of the space station to be installed; |
์ด๋ ๋ํ ์น๋ฌด์์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฅ๊ณผ ์ง๊ตฌ์ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๋๋ฅธ๋ค. | it also carries crews to and from the station. |
์ง๊ธ ์ฐ์ฃผ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฅ์ ์๋ ์ธ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ธ์ ์ฆ์ ์ด์ ๋ธ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌ์์ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ์ ํ๊ณ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ๊ทํํ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์๋ค. | The three astronauts now on board the station could return to Earth at a moment's notice via a Russian vehicle attached to the space station. |
2003๋
์ ์ฌ์ฏ๋ฒ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋นํ์ด ์์ ๋์ด์๋ค _ ์ด ์ค ๋ค์ฏ๋ฒ์ด ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฅ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. | Six shuttle flights had been planned for 2003 _ five of them to the space station. |
๋ค์ ๋ฒ์ด 3์1์ผ๋ก ์์ ๋์ด์๋ค. | The next was scheduled for March 1. |
์ ์คํคํ ํญ๊ณต์ฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ฅ์ ''์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํด ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ ์๋ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ค ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ค ๊ฐ์กฑ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๋๋ค. | ``We trust the prayers of the nation will be with them and with their families. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์๊ณ ์ ํ์ง ์์์ ์๋ ์์๋ ๋ ์ฉ๊ธฐ์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ฃน"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | A more courageous group of people you could not have hoped to know,'' said NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe. |
์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์ํธ๋ ์ผ๋ค๋์ฐ์ฃผ์ผํ์ ์ค์ 9์16๋ถ์ ์ฐฉ๋ฅํ ์์ ์ด์๋ค. | Columbia had been scheduled to land at Kennedy Space Center at 9:16 a.m. |
๋ํธ๋ชจ์ด์จ๋ ''์๋ณต์ ์ ์๋ฐํ ์ํ์ด ๋ ๋งํ ์งํ๋ ์ ํ ์์๋ค"๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | Dittemore said ``there was no indication of any impending threats to the vehicle.'' |
๊ทธ ๋ ์ผ์ชฝ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ ์จ๋ ๊ฐ์ง๊ธฐ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์๋ฃ๋ถ์ค์ด ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๊ณ ๋ค์ด์ด ์ผ์ชฝ ์ฃผ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ๊ธฐ์ด์ ์๋ ๋ฐํด์ ํ์ง๊ธฐ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์๋ฃ๋ถ์ค์ด ์์๋ค. | Then there was a loss of data from temperature sensors on the left wing, followed by a loss of data from tire pressure indicators on the left main landing gear |
์๋ฌดํต์ ์ค ๋ฌด์ ์๋ ''์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์, ํด์ํด, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์ด์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ธ์ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ ๋ง์ง๋ง ๊ฒ์ ๋ณต์ฌํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค." | ``Columbia, Houston, we see your tire pressure messages and we did not copy your last.'' |
์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์ํธ ์ ์ฅ ๋ฆญ ํ์ฆ๋ฒ๋์จ๋ ์กฐ์ฉํ ๋๋ตํ๋ค ''๋ก์ , ์ฐ, ๋ถโฆ" | Columbia's commander, Rick Husband, calmly responds: |
์์ด๊ฐ ๊ต์ ์ ์กฐ์ฉํด์ก๋ค. | For several seconds, the transmission goes silent. |
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ 42๋
์ ๊ฑธ์น ์ ์ธ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ์ญ์ฌ์์ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ํ๊ฐ ๋๋ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ์ค ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ์ ํ ์์๋ค. | In 42 years of U.S. human spaceflight, there had never been an accident during the descent to Earth or landing. |
์๋ฌด ํต์ ์ค์ ์ด์ฝ๊ธฐ ์๊ณ ์์ ์๋ ์ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ด๋ ค์ก๋ค. | The American flag next to Mission Control's countdown clock was lowered to half-staff. |
์คํคํ์จ๋ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ์ง์ ์์ ์๋ณต์ ๊ทํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ธ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ค์ ๋ง๋ฌ๋ค. | O'Keefe met with the astronauts' families, who had been waiting at the landing site for the shuttle's return. |
์ผ๊ณฑ ์ค ์ฌ์ฏ์ด ๊ฒฐํผํด ๋ค์ฏ์ด ์ด๋ฆฐ์ ๊ฐ ์๋ค. | Six of the seven astronauts were married, and five had children. |
ํด๋ผํฌ์ํ ๋ค๋์ ์ดํค์ ์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์ํธ์ ๊ทํ์ ๊ทธ์ ๋ฐ์ํค ์ง์์ ์ง์ผ๋ณด๊ณ ์์๋ค. | Clark's brother, Daniel Salton, monitored Columbia's return from his Milwaukee home. |
๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊ทธ์ ๋์ด์ ์ฒซ ์๋ณต์ ๋นํ์ด์๋ค. | It was his sister's first shuttle flight. |
๊ทธ๋ '' ์ค๋ซ๋์์ ๊ฟ์ด์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ทธ๋
๊ฐ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒ ๋์ด ๋งค์ฐ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฟ์ด๋ค"๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | ``I'm just so glad she got to get up to space and got to see it because that had been a dream for a long time,'' he said. |
์๋ณต์ ์ ๊ถค๋์์ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ ํ์ฃผ๋ก๋ฅผ ํฅํด ํ ์๊ฐ๋์ ๋ด๋ ค์ค๋ฉด์ ํ ๊ณตํ๋๊ฒ ํ์์ด๋ค. | The shuttle is essentially a glider during the hour-long decent from orbit toward the landing strip. |
๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ญ์จ 1,648๋๋ ์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ๋ ๊ณ ์จ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ณดํธํ๊ธฐ์ํด ์ฝ 20,000 ์ฅ์ ๋ด์ด ํ์ผ๋ก ๋ฎ์ฌ์๋ค. | It is covered by about 20,000 thermal tiles to protect against temperatures as high as 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit (1,648 degrees Celsius). |
์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์์ ์น๋ฌด์๋ค์ ๊ถค๋์ ์ฒด๋ฅ ์ค 80๊ฐ์ง๊ฐ ๋๋ ๊ณผํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์คํ์ ์์ํ๋ค | Columbia's crew had completed 80-plus scientific research experiments during their time in orbit. |
์์ฑํด์์ ์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์ ๋ํด ์ ์ด๋ ์ธ ๋ฒ์ ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ ๋ถ ์กฐ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์ ๊ณํ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ ํญ๊ณต ์ฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ ์๋ณต์ ๊ณํ๊ตญ์ฅ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณ์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ก ๋ณด๋ด๊ธฐ์ํด ์ด์ ๋ํ ๋ต์ ์ฐพ์๋ด๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ๋ค์งํ๋ค. | In Washington, at least three government investigations will probe the Columbia disaster, and NASAโs shuttle program director vowed to find the answers so America can continue sending people into space. |
์กฐ์ฌ๋ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ์ด ํ ์์ผ ์์นจ ํ๊ฐ์ ์์ํด ํ
์ฌ์ค ์๊ณต 60km ์ด์์์ ํญ๋ฐํ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ํญ๊ณต์ฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์ด ์์งํ ๋ชจ๋ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์๋ฐํ ๊ฒํ ํด ๋ณผ ๊ณํ์ด๋ค. | The investigations will review all the information NASA collected as the spaceship began its descent Saturday morning, then started breaking up more than 200,000 feet (60,000 meters) over Texas. |
ํ๊ตญ์ ์์์ผ 50๋
์ด ๋์ด์์ผ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ์ค๋ฌด์ฅ๋ ๋ถํ๊ณผ์ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ธ ํด์ ์ ์ ํต๊ณผํ๋ ๊ธธ์ ์ด์๋ค. | SEOUL (AP) _ South Korea opened a road across its heavily militarized border with North Korea on Wednesday, the first such connection between the countries in more than five decades. |
๋จ์ธก์ ํต๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ณํ ๊ด๋ จ ๋ถ์ธก์ ์๊ฐํ ๋์ ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ํํด๋ฅผ ํฅํ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ๋ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐํ๋ค. | The South also said it wanted to (take further steps) toward reconciliation despite the communist state's defiance (over) its nuclear program. |
ํํธ ์์ฑํด์์๋ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ๋ ์๋ฏธํฐ์ง ๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ ๋ถ์ฅ๊ด์ด ์์ ์์๋ค์๊ฒ ์ง๊ธ ๊น์ง ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ์ด์กฐ๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๋ถํ๊ณผ ์ง์ ๋ํ๋ฅผ ํ ์ํฅ์ด ์์์ ๋ฐํ๋ค. | Meanwhile in Washington, Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage gave senators the U.S. administration's strongest assurance to date that Washington intends to have a direct dialogue with North Korea. |
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ์ธ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋ถํ์ ํต์ผ์๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๊ต์ฐฉ์ํ๋ฅผ ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ฉด์ ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ธด์ฅ์ํ๊ฐ ์ทจ์ฝํ ํ๋ฐ๋์์ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ ์ถฉ๋๋ก ํ๋๋์ง ์์๊น ์ฐ๋ คํ๊ณ ์๋ค. | While hoping for a peaceful solution to the standoff over the North's nuclear ambitions, U.S. ally South Korea fears that the tension might escalate into an armed conflict on the volatile peninsula. |
ํ๊ตญ์ ๊ด๊ด์
๊ณ ๊ด๊ณ์๋ค, ๊ธฐ์
์ธ๋ฑ 107๋ช
์ ํํด์ ์์ง์์ผ๋ก ์ต๊ทผ ๊ฑด์ค๋ ํด์ ์ ๋ด ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋๋ก๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉ ๋ถํ์ ๊ฒฝ์น์ข์ ๊ธ๊ฐ์ฐ ๊ด๊ด์ง๋ก ๋ ๋ฌ๋ค. | In a conciliatory move on Wednesday, a group of 107 South Korean tourism officials and business people traveled to a scenic mountain resort in the North on a recently built cross-border road. |
10๋์ ๋ฒ์ค๋ ๋์ด ๋ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ ๋ถ์ชฝ์ผ๋ก ๋ ๋น์ข์ ๋นํฌ์ฅ ๋๋ก๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฒ์ฒํ ์์ง์๋ค. | The 10 buses moved slowly along the narrow (dirt road) to the northern side as snow fell. |
ํ๊ตญ์ ํ๋๊ทธ๋ฃน์ 1998๋
์ ์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๊ธ๊ฐ์ฐ ๊ด๊ด ์ฌ์
์ ์์ํ๋ค. | South Korea's Hyundai business group started a money-losing cruise to the Diamond Mountain resort in 1998. |
ํ๋๋ ์ผ ์ก๋ก๊ด๊ด์ด ๋จํ ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ์ ๋ ๋์ด๋ค์ผ ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์๋ค. | The company hopes the cheaper overland trip will attract more South Korean tourists. |
์ด ๋๋ก๋ 1945๋
๋จ๋ถํ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ผ์ง ์ด๋ ์ด๋์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ๋ ์ฒซ ์ก๋ก๋ค. | The road is the first overland route linking the two Koreas since they were divided in 1945. |
๋จ๋ถํ์ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ (1950-53)์ด ํํ์กฐ์ฝ์ด ์๋ ํด์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ ์๋ฐํ ๋งํ๋ฉด ์์ง ์ ์์ค์ด๋ค. | The 1950-53 Korean War ended in an armistice, not in a peace treaty, and the two countries are (technically) still at war. |
ํด์ ์ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ์์ ์ ์ผ ์ฌํ๊ฒ ์์ํ๋์ด ์๋ ๊ณณ์ด๋ค. | Their border is the world's most heavily fortified. |
์ด ๋๋ก๋ 2000๋
์ญ์ฌ์ ์ธ ๋จ๋ถ ์ ์ํ๋ด์์ ํฉ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ๊ฐ์ง ํ๋ ฅ ์ฌ์
์ค์ ํ๋์๋ค. | The road was one of several cooperation projects agreed upon at a historic inter-Korean summit in 2000. |
๋จํ ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ ์์์ผ ์ฌํ์ด ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ๊ด๊ด์ ๊ธธ์ ์ฌ๋ ๊ณ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฌ๋ค. | Wednesday's trip was hoped (to pave the way for) organized tours by South Korean tourists. |
๊ตญํ์์๋, ํ๊ตญ์ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ์ง๋์๊ฐ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋ถ์ธก์ ํต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ฉ๋ฉํ์ง์๊ฒ ๋ค๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ํํด๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ๊ณ์ ํด๋๊ฐ๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | 2 leader said that while Seoul would not tolerate the North's alleged atomic weapons program, it wanted to move ahead with reconciliation efforts. |
๊น์์ ๊ตญ๋ฌด์ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ตญํ์์ ํํ ์ฐ์ค์์ ''์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์๋ณด์ ์ธ๊ณํํ์ ์ํ์ด๋๋ ๋ถํ์ ํต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ ์ฉ๋ฉํ ์ ์์ผ๋ ํ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ธด์ฅ์ด ๊ณ ์กฐ๋๊ฒํด์๋ ์๋ ๊ฒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋ค. | "We can never tolerate North Korea's nuclear weapons development, which is a threat to our national security and world peace, but tension should not be allowed to keep rising on the Korean Peninsula," Prime Minister Kim Suk-soo said in a speech to the National Assembly. |
๊น ๊ตญ๋ฌด์ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๊น ๋์ค๋ํต๋ น์ด 2์ 25์ผ ํด์ํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ๋๋ถ ํฉ์์ฌ์
์ ์ง์ฒ์ํฌ ๊ณํ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | South Korea, the prime minister said, intends to expand several joint projects before outgoing President Kim Dae-jung steps down on Feb. |
๊ทธ ์ฌ์
์ (๊ฒฝ์์ ) ์ฒ ๋์ฐ๊ฒฐ, (๊ธ๊ฐ์ฐ) ์ก๋ก ๊ด๊ด ๋ฐ (๊ฐ์ฑ) ์ฐ์
๋จ์ง (์ฐฉ๊ณต)์ ํฌํจํ๊ณ ์๋ค. | Those projects include cross-border railways, tourism and an industrial park. |
์๋ฏธํฐ์ง ๋ถ์ฅ๊ด์ ํ์์ผ ์์ฑํด ์ํ ์ฒญ๋ฌธํ์์ ''๋ฌผ๋ก ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ถํ๊ณผ ์ง์ ํ๋ดํ ์ฉ์๊ฐ ์๋ค"๊ณ ์ฆ์ธํ๋ค. | In Washington on Tuesday, Armitage testified before a congressional hearing: "Of course we're going to have direct talks with the North Koreans." |
๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์๋ฏธํ๋์ง๋ ๋ถ๋ช
์น ์๋ค. | It was unclear whether his comments marked a change in U.S. policy. |
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ด์์์ ๋ถํ์ ํ๋ด ์ ์ ํต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ผ์์ ํฌ๊ธฐํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ตฌํ๋ค. | Washington has previously demanded that North Korea give up its nuclear ambitions before talks. |
ํํธ, ํ๊ตญ์ ์ต๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ์ฌ๋ น๊ด์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ํ๊ตญ๊ตฐ ํต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๊ต์ฐฉ์ํ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ๊ธฐ์ํด ํ๋ ฅํด์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋ค. | Meanwhile, the top U.S. military commander in South Korea stressed that the militaries of the United States and South Korea must cooperate to cope with the nuclear standoff. |
๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋ผํฌํธ ์ฅ๊ตฐ์ ํ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด๋ค ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๋ํด์ ๋ ์์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ง๋ถ์ด๋ฉด์ ''ํ-๋ฏธ ๋๋งน ์ฐํฉ๊ตฐ์ ๊ณ ๋๋ก ํ๋ จ๋์๊ณ ์ฅ๋น๊ฐ ์ ๊ฐ์ถฐ์ก์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ์ด๋ ์ง๋๋ ฅ์ด ์๋ค"๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | "The combined forces of the ROK-US alliance are highly trained, well-equipped and superbly led," Gen. Leon LaPorte said, adding the South Koreans would be consulted about any possible U.S. |
ํ๊ตญ(ROK/ ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ)์ ๋จํ์ ๊ณต์๋ช
์นญ์ด๋ค. | The ROK, or the Republic of Korea, is South Korea's official name. |
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๋จํ์ 3๋ง7์ฒ๋ช
์ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ ์ฃผ๋์ํค๊ณ ์๋ค. | The United States keeps 37,000 soldiers in South Korea. |
์์ฑํด์ ๋ฏธ ๊ด๋ฃ๋ค์ ๋๋๋ H. ๋ผ์ฆํ ๋ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์ฅ๊ด์ด ํ๋ฐ๋ ํด์ญ์ ํญ๊ณต๋ชจํจ์ ํ๊ฒฌํ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๊ด์ ์ ํญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆํํ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ ค์ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | U.S. officials in Washington say Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld is considering sending an aircraft carrier to (the waters) off the Korean Peninsula and adding bombers in Guam. |
๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์ฑ ๊ด๋ฃ๋ค์ ์ด๋ฐ ์์ง์์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ผํฌ์ ์์ ์ ์ ๋์ค ๋ถํ์ ๋๋ฐ์ ์ต์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ํฌ์์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | The moves are intended (to deter) the North (from) provocations during any U.S. war with Iraq, Pentagon officials said. |
ํ๊ตญ ์ฐํฉํต์ ์ด ์ฒญ์ทจํ ๋ณด๋๋ฌธ์์, ๋ถํ ๊ณต์ ํต์ ์ฌ KCNA๋ ๋ณด๋๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ๊ณํ์ ''์ ์ ์ ์ผ์๋ง ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ ๋งค์ฐ ์์คํ ์ฌํ๋ฐ์ "์ด๋ฉฐ ''์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ๋๋ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ์์์ ์กฐ์น๋ก ๋์ํด๋๊ฐ ๊ฒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | In a dispatch monitored by South Korea's Yonhap news agency, the North's official news agency, KCNA, said the reported U.S. reinforcements were "a serious development that can only be seen on the eve of war," and that "our people and military will react with strong self-defense measures." |
๋ถํ์ ์ธ๋ก ์ ์ผ์์ ์ธ ๋ฐ๋ฏธ ๋น๋ฐฉ๋ง ์์๋ด๋ค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ค์ด ๋ถํ์ 1994๋
ํ์ ์ ๋ฐํด ํต๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ณํ ์์ ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ ์๋
10์ ํต๋ถ์์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ์ด๋๋ก ํ์ธต ๋ ๋น๋ฒํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋์๋ค. | North Korea's media routinely churn out anti-U.S. invective, but it has become more frequent and intense since the nuclear dispute erupted in October, when U.S. officials said the North had admitted having a nuclear program in violation of a 1994 pact. |
์ด์ ๋ํ ์์ง์ผ๋ก, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ตญ๋ค์ 12์ ์์ ๊ณต๊ธ์ ์ค๋จํ๋ค. | As punishment, the United States and its allies suspended oil shipments to North Korea in December. |
๊ทธ๋ฌ์ ๋ถํ์ ์์๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐ๋์ ์ํ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์, ์ ์ ๊ฐ์๋จ์ ์ถ๋ฐฉํ๊ณ ๊ตญ์ ํต๋ฌด๊ธฐํต์ ์กฐ์ฝ์ ํํดํ๋ค. | The North then took steps to restart a nuclear reactor, expelled U.N. monitors and withdrew from a global nuclear arms control treaty. |
๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฐฉ์ง ๋ฒ์์ ๋ฐ๋์๋ค๊ณผ์ | President Clinton has won the latest roundย with opponents of the crime bill. |
ํ์์ ๊ทธ ๋ฒ์์ ์น์ธํ์ต๋๋ค ๋๋ฌผ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ ์ผ์์ผ ํ์์์ | The House approved the billย but it is still a long way from becoming law. |
์ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ฉ์ถ๋ฆฌ์ ๋พฐ์กฑํ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ณ ๋ฉ์ถ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฉ์ํ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ ์ฐ์ค๊ฝ์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ๋ณด์ด๋ ์กฐ๋ฅ์ ๊ดํ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด ๋ด
์๋ค. | The duck had a quail's pointy beak and the quail a duck's flat bill. |
๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ ๋์๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ ์กฐ์ํด ์์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊พผ ์บ๋ฆฌํฌ๋์ ๋ํ์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ด ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๊ธฐ์ดํ ์กฐ๋ฅ์ ์ผ๋์ ๋๊ณ ์์๋ค. | But University of California scientists who switched birds' beaks through a little egg (tinkering) had more than (avian oddity) in mind: |
์ด๋ค ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์คํ์ ํตํด ์์ ์งํ์์ ํต์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋ถ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋๋ฐ, ์
์ฒ์ฅ ํ์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ฒ์ฑ ์๋ฉด๊ฒฐํจ์ ์์ธ์ ํ์
ํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๋ ์ ๊ธฐ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. | The experiment uncovered some of the key cellular players in bird evolution, and may even lead to better understanding of what causes facial birth defects such as cleft palate. |
์ด ๊ฐ์ ์๋ก์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ ๋ ์ค๋ฏธ์๋์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์์ฐ์ฌ ๋ฐ๋ฌผ๊ด์ ๋ถ์ ์งํ๋ก ์ ๋ง์ดํด ๋ธ๋ผ์ด์จ๋ ''์ด๋ฒ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ ์งํ๋ก ์ด์ฐฝ๊ธฐ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์ฌ์ค๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋ฟ๋ง์๋๋ผ ์ธ๋ฅ์๋ฃ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ง์ ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋์ด์๋ค,"๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | ``It connects back to some of the earliest roots of evolutionary thought, but also connects to very real issues in human medicine,'' molecular evolutionist Michael Braun at Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History said after reading the new research. |
์์ฒญ๋๊ฒ ๋ค์ํ ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์งํ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ด๋ค. | Birds' amazing variety of beak styles (is integral to) the study of evolution. |
์ฐฐ์ค ๋ค์(1809-1882)์ด 1835๋
๊ฐ๋ผํ๊ณ ์ค ์ ๋(่ซธๅณถ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํด ๊ด์ฐฐํ ๊ฒ ์ค ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ๋ช
ํ ๊ฒ์ ํ๋๊ฐ ์ฐธ์๊ณผ์ ์๋ค์ด ์์๋ชจ์ต์ ํ์ฐ ์ฌ ์ด๋์ ์ด์๋๋์๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ํํ๋ฑ์์ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ์ง๋ง ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค. | One of Charles Darwin's most famous observations during his 1835 visit to (the Galapagos Islands) was that (finches) were subtly different _ including their beak size and type _ depending on where they lived on the chain of pristine, volcanic islands. |
์ด๋ฌํ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋ถ์์ด ํ์ ๊ทธ์ ์์ฐ ๋ํ๋ฅผ ํตํ ์งํ๋ก ์ ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. | His analysis of such differences later led to his theory of evolution through (natural selection). |
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ด๋ค ์ ์ ์์ ์ธํฌ๊ฐ ์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๋ ์ง๋ ์์ง ์์๊ป๋ผ๋ก ๋จ์์๋ค. | But just what genes and cells drive those differences remained mysterious. |
์บ๋ฆฌํฌ๋์ ๋ํ ์ํ๋์์ค์ฝ์ ๋ถ๊ต์ ์ ํ์ธ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ง ํฌ๋ฆ์ค์จ๋ ์์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด๊ธฐ ์์ ๋์์ ๋น์ทํ๊ฒ ๋ณด์ด๋ ์กฐ์ง์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋์๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | Beaks all derive from similar-looking tissues in very early bird embryos, said Jill Helms, an orthopedics researcher at UC San Francisco. |
๊ทธ๋
๋ ๋ฌด์์ด ์ด๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ฑด์ง ๋๋ฃ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด๋์จ์ค ํจ๊ป ์์ฌํ ์ฌ์ง ์์ด ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฉ์ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ ์๋ก ํค์ฐ๋๋ก ํด๋ดค๋ค. | To find out what makes them turn out dramatically different, she and colleague Richard Schneider picked two birds with unmistakable beaks _ ducks and quails _ and tried to get them to grow each other's. |
์ด๋ค์ ๋ถํ๊ธฐ์์ 36์๊ฐ ๋ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฉ์ถ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฐฐ์๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ด ๋์์ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋ง ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ ๋ซ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ด๋ฃ์๋ค. | They took 36-hour-old duck and quail embryos from an incubator and drilled small holes in the eggs encasing them. |
์ฌ๋์ด๋์จ๋ ์์ฃผ ์์ ๋ฐ๋์ ์ด์ฉํด ์ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์์์ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๊ด๋ชจ์ธํฌ๋ผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ด๋ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋นจ์๋ด ๋ฉ์ถ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์์์ ์ถ์ถํ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๊ด๋ชจ์ธํฌ์ ์นํํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ค์ ๋ฐ๊ฟ์ ํ๋ค. | Using the tiniest of needles, Schneider sucked out the cells that seemed (to give rise to) beaks, called (neural crest cells), from duck embryos and replaced them with neural crest cells from quail embryos, and vice versa. |
์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ ์์ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ ํ
์ดํ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฌ ์๋ค์ ๋ถํํ๊ธฐ ์ค๊ฐ์ง์ ์ด๋ ์์ง ํ์ฑ์ค์ธ ์๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ฌด์ ๊ฐ์์ง๋ฅผ ๋งํด์ค ๋งํผ ํด ๋์ธ 11์ผ ๋๋ ๋ ๊น์ง ์์ ๋ถํ๊ธฐ์์ ์๋ผ๊ฒ ํ๋ค. | Taping over the egg hole, researchers let the eggs incubate until they were about 11 days old, halfway to hatching but just large enough to tell what the still-forming birds' beaks looked like. |
(ํฌ๋ฆ์ค์จ๋ ์ฉ์ฒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๋ถํํ๊ฒํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋น์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ค๋ช
ํ๋ค.) | (Letting them survive to hatch with beaks they didn't know how to use would have been unethical, Helms explained.) |
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก ๋์จ ์๋ค์ ''o"๊ณผ ''๋์ผ"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ๋ฅด์. | Call the result ``qucks'' and ``duails: |
์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ ์ค๋ฆฌ๋ ๋พฐ์กฑํ๊ณ ์์ ๋ฉ์ถ๋ฆฌ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํค์ ๊ณ ๋ฉ์ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ถ๋ช
ํ ๋ฉ์ํ ์ค๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํค์ ๋ค๊ณ ''๊ณผํ"์ก์ง ๊ธ์์ผ์์์ ๋ฐํ๋ค. | '' The ducks grew pointy little quail beaks and the quails grew that distinctive flat, wide duck bill, the researchers report in Friday's edition of the journal Science. |
์บ์์ค ์ ์คํ ์ด์ค ์ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ํด ํธ๋ ์ด๋์จ๋ ์ฒจ๋ถํ ๊ณผํ์ง ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ์์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ด๋ชจ์ธํฌ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์ํ ์ข
(็จฎ) ํน์ฑ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋๋ฐ์ ์ง๋๊ณ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | That means neural crest cells carry species-specific programming for beak growth, Paul Trainor of the Stowers Institute for Medical Research in Kansas City said in an accompanying Science review. |
ํธ๋ ์ด๋์จ๋ ์ด์๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๊ด๋ชจ ์ธํฌ๋ ์ผ๋ถ ์ฃผ์์ ์๋ฉด ํน์ฑ๋ค์ ์กฐ๊ธ์ด๋๋ง ๋ณํ์ํค๊ณ ์ ์ ์ ํ๋์ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํค๊ธฐ๋ ํ์ง๋ง ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์์ ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ ์ ์๊น์ง๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ์์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ณด์ด๋์ง์๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ณํ๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค. | The transplanted neural crest cells also altered how the bird's natural tissues and even genes reacted in the presence of the foreign beak, slightly modifying some surrounding facial features and speeding some gene action, Trainor noted. |
์ข
ํฉํ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ธํฌ๋ค๋กํ์ฌ๊ธ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ ์งํ์์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ์ธ ์ญํ ์ ํ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ ๋ค. | Together, that makes the cells crucial players in beak evolution. |
์ค๋ฏธ์๋์ธ ์ฐ์์์ ๋ธ๋ผ์ด์จ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋๋๊ฒ๋ ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์์ฐํ๋ ํน๋ณํ ํต๋ก๋ฅผ ์ขํ๋ ์ค์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋์ํ๋ค. | It's an important study, narrowing down the specific pathway that produces birds' amazing variety of beaks, agreed the Smithsonian's Braun. |
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ด๋ฐ ์ธํฌ๋ค์ด ์ฃผ์ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ๋ฌ์ ์ง์ํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ด์์ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. | But seeing how these cells direct the development of surrounding tissue has implications far beyond birds, he said. |
ํฌ๋ฆ์ค์จ๋ ๊ณผ์ฐ ๋ฌด์์ด ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐ๋ฌ์์ผฐ๋์ง๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋๊ฐ(้ ญ่)์๋ฉด ๋ฐ๋ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ํ์ธต ๋ ๋ถ๋ช
ํ๊ฒ ํด ์ค ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋ค. | Indeed, understanding what causes a beak to develop the way it does could (shed light on) human (craniofacial) development, Helms said. |
๋ง์ผ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ด๋ชจ์ธํฌ์ ์๋นํ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๊ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค๋ฉด, ์๋ง๋ ์ธ๊ณผ์๋ค์ด ์ธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํ์ด๋๊ธฐ ์ ์ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์
์์ ์๋ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ํด ๊ฐ๋ผ์ง ์
์ฒ์ฅ์ ๊ต์ ํ ์๋ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. | If people harbor an equivalent to the birds' powerful neural crest cells, perhaps surgeons one day could correct a cleft palate before a baby was born with a transplant of the right mouth-growing cells, she said. |
ํฌ๋ฆ์ค์ฌ์ฌ๋ ์ด์๋ ์ธํฌ๊ฐ ์์ ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ก์ ๋ณํ์ํค๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ทธ๋
์ ์คํ์ ๋ ์กฐ์ง์ฌ์ด์ ๋ํ๋ฅผ ์ฟ๋ฃ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋์ผํ๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ธด๋ค. | Helms equates her experiment to eavesdropping on a conversation between two tissues, as the transplanted cells altered the bird's natural development. |
ํฌ๋ฆ์ค์ฌ์ฌ๋ ''์ผ๋จ ์กฐ์ง์ฌ์ด์ ๋ํ์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ์ดํดํ๋ค๋ฉด ์ธ์ ๋ฐ์ก์ด ์๋ชป๋์ด๊ฐ๋์ง๋ฅผ ์๊ฐํ๊ธฐ ์์ํ ์ ์๊ณ ๊ทธ๋์ ๊ต์ ํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ์๊ฒ๋๋ค"๊ณ ์ค๋ช
ํ๋ค. | ``Once you understand the nature of the dialogue between the tissues, then you can start to think about, when development goes awry, is there a way to correct it,'' Helms explained. |