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[ "Vodootvodny Canal and Zverev Bridge at dusk (2006), from Maly Krasnokholmsky Bridge. Ostankino Tower is visible above rooftops.", "Zverev Bridge. Ducks enjoy a warm spot (temperature is -9C)", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Wiki_zverev_most_night.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Zverev_Bridge_with_ducks.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Murmansk_Bridge.jpg" ]

[ "Zverev Bridge (Russian: Зверев мост) is a pedestrian arch bridge that spans Vodootvodny Canal in Zamoskvorechye district of downtown Moscow, Russia. It was built in 1930 by N.Ya.Kalmykov (structural engineering) and I.A.Frantsuz (architectural design).", "The oldest pedestrian bridge in Moscow, it connects Sadovnichesky (formerly Zverev) lane with Bolshoy Tatarsky Lane. The name Zverev belonged to a local merchant family; in soviet time, it was deemed improper for a lane, but quite acceptable for a small bridge in a working-class neighborhood. Today, both sides of Vodootvodny Canal are a mix of expensive residential and office space, but in 1930 the Canal was flanked by industrial properties - textile mills in Sadovniki and Red Hills, boiler and turbine plants on the other bank.\nMain arch was made of in situ concrete, covered with jute mats for moisture protection and paved with ordinary asphalt. The unusually slim arch, traditionally painted white, is 32.675 meters long and 3.0 meters wide. In the middle, it is only 40 centimeters thick (55 centimeters including asphalt layer). Total length, including shoreside stairs, is 42.675 meters.\nShallow but warm water in the Canal around this bridge attracts scores of mallard ducks in winter; in summer, it is abundant with small fish and yellow water lilies.", "The \"Zverev Bridge\" can be seen in the film \"The Saint\" (1997 with Val Kilmer and Emma Russel) at the time point of 01:06:20", "List of bridges in Moscow", "Russian: Носарев В.А., Скрябина, Т.А., \"Мосты Москвы\", М, \"Вече\", 2004, стр.82 (Bridges of Moscow, 2004, p.82) ISBN 5-9533-0183-9" ]

[ "Zverev Bridge", "History and specifications", "Film location", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360445, 5360446, 5360447 ]

[ 27240026, 27240027, 27240028, 27240029 ]

[ "", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Flag_of_Zverevo_%28Rostov_oblast%29.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Coat_of_Arms_of_Zverevo_%28Rostov_oblast%29.png" ]

[ "Zverevo (Russian: Зве́рево) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located 140 kilometers (87 mi) northeast of Rostov-on-Don. Population: 22,411 (2010 Census); 25,356 (2002 Census); 28,206 (1989 Census).", "Zverevo grew from a mining settlement, which was founded in the beginning of the 20th century. It was granted urban-type settlement status in 1929 and town status in 1989.", "Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, along with one rural locality, incorporated as Zverevo Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.", "", "Law #340-ZS\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.\n\"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года\". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.\nLaw #230-ZS\n\"Об исчислении времени\". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.\nПочта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).\nВсесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.", "Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №340-ЗС от 25 июля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области», в ред. Закона №270-ЗС от 27 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон \"Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области\"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Наше время\", №187–190, 28 июля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #340-ZS of July 28, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast, as amended by the Law #270-ZS of November 27, 2014 On Amending the Oblast Law \"On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast\". Effective as of the official publication date.).\nЗаконодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №230-ЗС от 27 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования \"Город Зверево\"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: \"Наше время\", №325–338, 28 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #230-ZS of December 27, 2004 On Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the \"Town of Zverevo\". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).", "Media related to Zverevo at Wikimedia Commons\nOfficial website of Zverevo (in Russian)\nZverevo Business Directory (in Russian)" ]

[ "Zverevo", "History", "Administrative and municipal status", "References", "Notes", "Sources", "External links" ]

[ 5360448, 5360449 ]

[ 27240030, 27240031, 27240032, 27240033, 27240034, 27240035, 27240036, 27240037, 27240038 ]

[ "Zveri in Baku (Azerbaijan)" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Roman_Bilyk_in_Baku_%28Azerbaijan%29.jpg" ]

[ "Zveri (Beasts; Russian: Звери) is a Russian rock band.", "Zveri was formed in mid 2002 by Roman Bilyk, the lead singer of the band, better known as Roma Zver'. \nThe band was named after his nickname. He was soon joined by Maksim Leonov on guitars, Kostya Labezkiy on the bass, Kirill Antonenko on keyboards and Misha Kraev on the drums and the group began work on their debut album Golod (Hunger), released in February 2003. This album contained many of the group's best-known songs, such as Dozhdi-Pistolety (Rain-Guns), Dlya Tebya (For You) and Prosto Takaya Sil'naya Lyubov' (Simply such a strong love).\nIn March 2004, Zveri released their second album, entitled Rayony-Kvartaly (Regions-districts). It sold well and was accompanied by a tour of the country to promote it. Vsyo, chto kasaetsya (All, that is about) was released as a single from it and standout tracks include Yuzhnaya Noch' (Southern Night) and Napitki Pokrepche (Stronger Drinks). In 2005 the group released a remix album for songs from Golod and Rayony, Kvartaly.\nIn 2004, Zveri was awarded Muz-TV prize as Best rock act, and since then received it six times in a row, and again in 2012. MTV Russia also awarded Zveri in 2005.\nMarch 2006 saw the release of the group's third album, Kogda my vmeste, nikto ne kruche (When we are together, no one is cooler), from which Do skoroi vstrechi (See you soon) was released as a single. Zveri's 4th studio album, Dalshe (Further) was released in November 2008. Zveri song \"Kvartira\" is featured in the Grand Theft Auto IV video game.\nIn November 2008, the group causes a scandalous incident during the RMA awards on the MTV Russia channel, with Roman Bilyk using inappropriate middle finger gestures and the guitar player Maksim Leonov breaking his guitar with an insignia \"No more rock on RMA\".", "source:", "\"Рома Зверь: Готовьтесь петь весь концерт вместе с нами\". Usa.one.\nБиография группы\nРоман Билык\nОбщие параметры ротации всех треков исполнителя на радиостанциях, работающих в системе TOPHIT.RU\nДискография Зверей Archived February 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine", "Official website\nZveri at the Forbes.ru" ]

[ "Zveri", "Biography", "Discography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360450 ]

[ 27240039, 27240040, 27240041, 27240042, 27240043, 27240044 ]

[ "Zverin Monastery", "The Church of Saint Simeon." ]

[ 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Pokrov_Cathedral_Zverin_Monastery_in_Velikiy_Novgorod.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Simeon_churche.jpg" ]

[ "The Zverin Monastery is a monastery in Veliky Novgorod, located on the left bank of the Volkhov River, north of the Kremlin. This is one of the oldest Russian monasteries, founded before the 12th century.\nThe Zverin Monastery is on the World Heritage list as a part of object 604 Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings. The building was designated an architectural monument of federal significance (#5310024000).", "It was first mentioned in the chronicles as a female monastery under the year 1148. By that time, the monastery already existed, and the wooden Intercession Church was destroyed by lightning. The name of the monastery, which derives from the Russian word зверь – a mammal – originates from Zverinets, a wooden area where the monastery was built. Zverinets is mentioned in the chronicles in 1069, but the monastery was still not built. Archbishop Vasily Kalika built a stone Intercession Church in 1335. This is the oldest building of the monastery which survived. The present stone Church of St. Simeon the God-Receiver was built in the monastery in 1467 on the site of an earlier wooden one, which was built in 1399. The stone church was built to commemorate victims of the plague. \nBetween 1611 and 1617, during the Time of Troubles, Novgorod was occupied by the Swedes, and the monastery was considerably damaged. In 1721, it was abolished as a separate entity and subordinated to the Syrkov Monastery. In 1727, it was re-established. Between 1840 and 1860, a wall was constructed, and in 1899–1901 the new Intercession Cathedral was built. In the end of the 20th century, about forty nuns lived in the monastery. In the 1920s, after the October Revolution, the monastery was abolished. The buildings were badly damaged during World War II. The restoration works started in the 1960s. Currently, the monastery hosts a seminary for the Novgorod eparchy.", "The following three churches survived.\nThe Church of Saint Simeon (Russian: Церковь Симеона Богоприимца), constructed in 1467, is a small church with one apse and one dome. In the 19th century, a secondary building was added from the western side of the church. Frescoes of the 15th century survived.\nThe Intercession Church (Russian: Церковь Покрова Пресвятой Богородицы), built in 1399. Before 1399, the wooden church stood at the same place. Before 1682, the church was consecrated to the Holy Virgin. It was considerably rebuilt in the beginning of the 17th century, after the Swedes devastated the monastery, and again in 1899–1901, when the cathedral was constructed next to the church.\nThe Intercession Cathedral (Russian: Собор Покрова Пресвятой Богородицы Зверина монастыря), constructed in 1899–1901 in the eclectic style. It is the tallest building in the monastery and has five domes.", "Монастырь Зверин (in Russian). Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation. Retrieved 24 May 2012.\nNovgorodskaya Pervaya Letopis: Starshego i mladshego izvoda (Moscow and Leningrad: ANSSSR, 1950), 180.\n\"15. Ансамбль Зверина монастыря\" (in Russian). Комитет культуры Новгородской области. Retrieved 23 May 2012.\n\"15.1. Церковь Симеона Богоприимца, 1467 г.\" (in Russian). Комитет культуры Новгородской области. Retrieved 24 May 2012.\n\"15.2. Церковь Покрова Пресвятой Богородицы, 1399г\" (in Russian). Комитет культуры Новгородской области. Retrieved 24 May 2012.\n\"15.3. Собор Покрова Пресвятой Богородицы Зверина монастыря, 1899–1901 гг\" (in Russian). Комитет культуры Новгородской области. Retrieved 24 May 2012." ]

[ "Zverin Monastery", "History", "Architecture", "References" ]

[ 5360451, 5360452 ]

[ 27240045, 27240046, 27240047, 27240048, 27240049, 27240050, 27240051 ]

[ "Zverinac Island, Croatia" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Zverinac.JPG" ]

[ "Zverinac is a small Croatian island in the Zadar Archipelago of the Adriatic Sea. It occupies 4.2 km² and is populated by 43 people, with a population density of 10.29 persons per square kilometer. Its highest peak is 111 metres high.\nAccording to the Croatian Culturenet website, the island was first mentioned in 1421 as Suiran, a possession of the Zadar noblemen. In the island's settlement is the baroque palace of the family of Fanfong from 1746 . There are Roman ruins in the Poripišće uvala.", "Duplančić Leder, Tea; Ujević, Tin; Čala, Mendi (June 2004). \"Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1 : 25 000\" (PDF). Geoadria. Zadar. 9 (1): 5–32. doi:10.15291/geoadria.127. Retrieved 2019-12-26.\nStatistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2017 (PDF) (in Croatian and English). Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2017. p. 45. ISSN 1333-3305. Retrieved 23 May 2018." ]

[ "Zverinac", "References" ]

[ 5360453 ]

[ 27240052, 27240053 ]

[ "Zverino Island (in the background, on the left) from Miziya Peak, Livingston Island", "Location of McFarlane-Strait in the South Shetland Islands", "", "", "", "", "", "" ]

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[ "Zverino Island (Bulgarian: остров Зверино, romanized: ostrov Zverino, IPA: [ˈɔstrov zvɛriˈnɔ]) is the largest and westernmost island in the Meade group lying in the north entrance to McFarlane Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is extending 1.2 km (0.75 mi) by 700 m (2,300 ft), with surface area of 48 hectares (120 acres), and is snow-free in summer.\nThe island is named after the settlement of Zverino in Western Bulgaria.", "Zverino Island is located is 2.4 km (1.5 mi) east of Williams Point and 2.1 km (1.3 mi) northeast of Ficheto Point on Livingston Island, 1.9 km (1.2 mi) west of Duff Point on Greenwich Island, and is separated from neighbouring Cave Island to the east-northeast by the 110-metre (360 ft) wide Glogovo Passage. British mapping in 1935 and 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, Spanish in 1991, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009.", "L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.\nL.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)\nAntarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.\nL.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0", "List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands", "L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands Archived April 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4 (Updated second edition 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5)", "Zverino Island. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.\nBulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)", "Zverino Island. Copernix satellite image\nThis article includes information from the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission." ]

[ "Zverino Island", "Location", "Maps", "See also", "Notes", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360454, 5360455, 5360456, 5360457, 5360458, 5360459 ]

[ 27240054, 27240055, 27240056, 27240057, 27240058 ]

[ "Pine grove in Zverinogolovsky District", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0._%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Flag_of_Zverinogolovsky_rayon_%28Kurgan_oblast%29.png" ]

[ "Zverinogolovsky District (Russian: Звериноголовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,400 square kilometers (540 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zverinogolovskoye. Population: 9,518 (2010 Census); 11,755 (2002 Census). The population of Zverinogolovskoye accounts for 42.7% of the district's total population.", "The district was established in 1992.", "", "Law #316\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). \"Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1\" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.\n\"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года\". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.\nLaw #419\n\"Об исчислении времени\". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). \"Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек\" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).", "Курганская областная Дума. Закон №316 от 27 декабря 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Курганской области», в ред. Закона №60 от 2 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Курганской области \"Об административно-территориальном устройстве Курганской области\"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Новый мир\", Документы, выпуск №1, 11 января 2008 г. (Kurgan Oblast Duma. Law #316 of December 27, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kurgan Oblast, as amended by the Law #60 of July 2, 2015 On Amending the Law of Kurgan Oblast \"On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kurgan Oblast\". Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication date.).\nКурганская областная Дума. Закон №419 от 6 июля 2004 г. «О наделении муниципальных образований статусом городского округа, муниципального района, сельского поселения, городского поселения, о месте нахождения представительных органов муниципальных районов, сельских поселений, об установлении наименований представительных органов муниципальных образований, глав муниципальных образований, местных администраций (исполнительно-распорядительных органов муниципальных образований)», в ред. Закона №70 от 2 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Курганской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Новый мир\", №142, 31 июля 2004 г. (Kurgan Oblast Duma. Law #419 of July 6, 2004 On Granting the Municipal Formations the Status of Urban Okrug, Municipal District, Rural Settlement, Urban Settlement; on Establishing the Places Where the Representative Organs of the Municipal Districts, Rural Settlements Sit; on Establishing the Names of the Representative Organs of the Municipal Formations, of the Heads of the Municipal Formations, of the Local Administrations (the Executive Organs of the Municipal Formations), as amended by the Law #70 of July 2, 2015 On Amending Various Laws of Kurgan Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.)." ]

[ "Zverinogolovsky District", "History", "References", "Notes", "Sources" ]

[ 5360460 ]

[ 27240059, 27240060, 27240061, 27240062, 27240063, 27240064, 27240065, 27240066, 27240067 ]

[ "Location of the Zveroboy Islands in the Kara Sea.", "The Zveroboy Island group in the gulf of the Pyasina." ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Kara_seaPG.PNG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Pyasinskiy_zaliv5.PNG" ]

[ "The Zveroboy Islands (Russian: Остров Зверобой, or Ostrov Zveroboy) is a group consisting of a large island (Zveroboy Island) and a few scattered small islets. The main island is 17 km in length. It is covered with tundra vegetation and has a lake. \nThis island group is located in the Pyasina Bay, in the Kara Sea, northeast of Dikson, off the coast of Siberia. \nThe sea surrounding the Zveroboy Islands is covered with pack ice with some polynias in the winter and there are many ice floes even in the summer.\nThe climate in the area is Arctic, with long bitter winters and a short warmer period which barely allows the ice to melt. \nThese islands belong to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation.\nThe Zveroboy group is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve of Russia.", "Location: \nDibner VD, Zakharov V.V. Острова Карского моря. Kara Sea Islands. // Острова Советской Арктики. / / Soviet Arctic Islands. Геология СССР, т. XXVI. Geology of the USSR, so XXVI. М., Недра, 1970, с. M., Nedra, 1970, pp. 196–207.\nGreat Arctic Reserve:", "Kara Sea" ]

[ "Zveroboy Islands", "References", "See also" ]

[ 5360461, 5360462 ]

[ 27240068 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Zvezd142.jpg" ]

[ "Zvezd is a village in the municipality of Vladimirci, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 813 people.", "Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i Stanova 2002. Knjiga 1: Nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost po naseljima. Republika Srbija, Republički zavod za statistiku Beograd 2003. ISBN 86-84433-00-9" ]

[ "Zvezd", "References" ]

[ 5360463 ]

[ 27240069 ]

[ "", "Lining up for a UEFA Women's Champions League match at Linköpings in 2014" ]

[ 0, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/Zvezda_Perm_2005.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Zvezda_2005_November_2014.jpg" ]

[ "Zvezda-2005 Perm (Russian: \"Звезда-2005\" Пермь) is a Russian professional women's football club currently competing in the Russian Women's Football Championship.", "The club is based in the city of Perm and takes its name from men's team Zvezda Perm, which was dissolved in 1997. Zvezda-2005 won both the Russian league and national cup in 2007, and subsequently reached the final of the 2008-09 UEFA Women's Cup, losing to Duisburg.\nThey also won the Russian league in 2008 and 2009, making it three titles in a row. In 2010 they were third, failing to qualify to the Champions League.", "Top Division\nWinners (6): 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017\nRussian Women's Cup\nWinners (7): 2007, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019", "All results (home and away) list Zvezda's goal tally first.", "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.\nSource: Club website, UEFA", "Armenia: Kristine Aleksanyan\n Azerbaijan: Olga Vasilyeva\n Cameroon: Claudine Meffometou\n Ivory Coast: Josée Nahi\n Kazakhstan: Irina Saratovtseva\n Netherlands: Petra Hogewoning\n Nigeria: Ifeanyi Chiejine\n Russia: Natalia Barbashina, Maria Dyatchkova, Olesya Kurochkina, Tatyana Skotnikova, Valentina Savchenkova, Elena Suslova, Ksenia Tsybutovich\n South Africa: Busisiwe Ndimeni, Lena Mosebo\n Ukraine: Olha Boychenko, Vera Djatel, Hanna Kostraba, Olena Khodyreva, Alla Lyshafay, Ludmila Pekur, Natalia Zinchenko", "Head Coach: Elena Suslova\nYouth Coach: Olga Vasilyeva\nGoalkeeper Coach: Maksim Chadov", "FC Zvezda Perm", "Grigoryan calls for final Zvezda push", "Official website" ]

[ "Zvezda-2005 Perm", "History", "Honours", "European history", "Squad", "Former internationals", "Staff", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360464 ]

[ 27240070, 27240071, 27240072 ]

[ "View of the Zvezda module", "On-orbit configuration of the Zvezda service module", "Zvezda heads into orbit aboard a Proton launch vehicle on July 12, 2000", "Expedition 43 crew celebrate a birthday in Zvezda module, 2015", "Sprouts in the BIO-5 Rasteniya-2/Lada-2 (Plants-2) experiment aboard Zvezda.[11]", "Progress docked to Zvezda (aft view)", "", "", "", "Zvezda aft. Items in the image include a crucifix, two icons, a telephoto camera lens, a camera flash, a zoom camera lens, other camera lenses, laptop computers with music playback software, a picture of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, external speakers for a laptop computer, a picture of Yuri Gagarin, a Russian flag, a spaceplane model, a picture of Saint Petersburg, a fluorescent light fitting, several crew patches, and an oscillimeter (combined oscilloscope and multimeter).", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "ATV-3 Edoardo Amaldi firing thrusters while approaching", "Soyuz TMA-7 arrives at ISS. It was docked with Zvezda in 2006, but also spent time docked with Pirs and Zarya", "Zvezda docked with Progress M1-3", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10 ]

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[ "Zvezda (Russian: Звезда, meaning \"star\"), Salyut DOS-8, also known as the Zvezda Service Module, is a module of the International Space Station (ISS). It was the third module launched to the station, and provided all of the station's life support systems, some of which are supplemented in the US Orbital Segment (USOS), as well as living quarters for two crew members. It is the structural and functional center of the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS), which is the Russian part of the ISS. Crew assemble here to deal with emergencies on the station.\nThe module was manufactured in the USSR by RKK Energia, with major sub-contracting work by GKNPTs Khrunichev. Zvezda was launched on a Proton launch vehicle on 12 July 2000, and docked with the Zarya module on 26 July 2000.", "The basic structural frame of Zvezda, known as \"DOS-8\", was initially built in the mid-1980s to be the core of the Mir-2 space station. This means that Zvezda is similar in layout to the core module (DOS-7) of the Mir space station. It was in fact labeled as Mir-2 for quite some time in the factory. Its design lineage thus extends back to the original Salyut stations. The space frame was completed in February 1985 and major internal equipment was installed by October 1986.\nThe Mir-2 space station was redesigned after the failure of the Polyus orbital weapons platform core module to reach orbit. Zvezda is around 1⁄4 the size of Polyus, and has no armaments.", "Zvezda consists of the cylindrical \"Work Compartment\" where the crews work and live (and which makes up the bulk of the module's volume), the small spherical \"Transfer Compartment\" located at the front (with three docking ports), and at the aft end the cylindrical \"Transfer Chamber\" (with one docking port) which is surrounded by the unpressurized \"Assembly Compartment\" – this gives Zvezda four docking ports in total. The component weighs about 18,051 kg (39,796 lb) and has a length of 13.1 m (43 ft). The solar panels extend 29.7 m (97 ft).\nThe \"Transfer Compartment\" attaches to the Zarya module, and has docking ports intended for the Science Power Platform (SPP) and the Universal Docking Module (UDM). As in the early days of Mir, the transfer compartment provides a suitable EVA airlock where spacewalkers in Orlan space suits removed a hatch after closing a few that connected the compartment to the rest of the station. It was used only during Expedition 2, where Yury Usachov and James Voss put a docking cone on the nadir port. The lower port connects to Pirs and the top port connects to Poisk. Eventually, the plan for Pirs was for it to be deorbited on 23 July 2021 and replaced by Nauka (Multipurpose Laboratory Module) docking on 29 July 2021.\nThe \"Assembly Compartment\" holds external equipment such as thrusters, thermometers, antennas, and propellant tanks. The large movable \"Lira satellite communications antenna\" is located on the Zvezda service module near the aft or rear of the International Space Station on this Assembly Compartment. The \"Transfer Chamber\" is equipped with automatic docking equipment and is used to service Soyuz and Progress spacecraft.\nZvezda can support up to six crew including separate sleeping quarters for two cosmonauts at a time. It also has a NASA-provided Treadmill with Vibration Isolation System, a kitchen equipped with a refrigerator/freezer and a table, a bicycle for exercise, a toilet and other hygiene facilities. The crew's wastewater and condensation water pulled out of the cabin air is recycled. Zvezda has been criticized for being excessively noisy and the crew has been observed wearing earplugs inside it. \nZvezda has 14 windows. There are two 22.5 cm (8.9 in) diameter windows, one in each of the two crew sleep compartments (windows No. 1 and 2), six 22.5 cm (8.9 in) diameter windows (No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) on the forward Transfer Compartment earth-facing floor, a 40 cm (16 in) diameter window in the main Working Compartment (No. 9), and one 7.5 cm (3.0 in) diameter window in the aft transfer compartment (No. 10). There are a further three 22.5 cm (8.9 in) diameter windows in the forward end of the forward transfer compartment (No. 12, 13 and 14), for observing approaching craft. Window No. 11 is unaccounted for in all available sources.\nZvezda also contains the Elektron system that electrolyzes condensed humidity and waste water to provide hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is expelled into space and the oxygen (up to 5.13 kg per day is generated) is used for breathing air. The condensed water and the waste water can be used for drinking in an emergency, but ordinarily fresh water from Earth is used. The Elektron system has required significant maintenance work, having failed several times and requiring the crew to use the Solid Fuel Oxygen Generator canisters (also called \"oxygen candles\", which were the cause of a fire on Mir) when it has been broken for extended amounts of time. It also contains the Vozdukh, a system which removes carbon dioxide from the air based on the use of regenerable absorbers of carbon dioxide gas. Zvezda is also the home of the Lada Greenhouse, which is a test for growing plants in space.\nThe Service Module has 16 small thrusters as well as two large 3,070-newton (690 lbf) S5.79 thrusters that are 2-axis mounted and can be gimballed 5°. The thrusters are pressure-fed from four tanks with a total capacity of 860 kg. The oxidizer used for the propulsion system is dinitrogen tetroxide and the fuel is UDMH, the supply tanks being pressurised with nitrogen. The two main engines on Zvezda can be used to raise the station's altitude. This was done on 25 April 2007. This was the first time the engines had been fired since Zvezda arrived in 2000.\nThe Mir space station and Zvezda had the same design problem of launching with all the hardware permanently installed. Russian (and Soviet) space doctrine has always been to fix the hardware onboard instead of simply replacing them like the US Orbital Segment (USOS) does with the 41.3 inch (105 cm) wide International Standard Payload Racks that can easily fit through the 51 inch (130 cm) wide hatch openings through the modules connected via the Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM). This means broken but unfixable hardware onboard the Mir modules and Zvezda end up being stuck there forever and can't be replaced. ESA Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano in 2020 said that the originally installed computers in Zvezda don't work anymore and the central command post's computers are now three Lenovo ThinkPad laptops. The broken computers' monitors, keyboard, and other devices are left there as it is but cannot be removed and replaced. The pre-installed Elektron oxygen generating system also has to be fixed frequently by cosmonauts instead of simply being replaced due to the problem of Zvezda's 78.74 cm (31 inch) wide hatch and the inability to replace the Elektron with another Elektron. Another reason why Elektrons can't be replaced is because the three Elektron units that were launched on Zvezda were the last units ever manufactured. The original manufacturers went out of business and the single engineer who made the tweaks for the Elektrons that were installed on Zvezda died with all his secrets and knowledge not passed to anybody else. In October 2020, the Elektron system malfunctioned yet again and had to be deactivated.", "The rocket used for launch to the ISS carried advertising; it was emblazoned with the logo of Pizza Hut restaurants, for which they are reported to have paid more than US$1 million. The money helped support Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and the Russian advertising agencies that orchestrated the event.\nManagement and integration of the Service Module into the International Space Station began in 1991. Structural construction was performed by RKK Energia, then handed over to the Krhunichev Design Bureau for final outfitting. Joint reviews between the Russian Space Agency (Roscosmos) and the NASA ISS Program Office monitored construction, solved language and security concerns and ensured flight readiness and crew training. Several years of delay were encountered due to funding constraints between Roscosmos and RKK Energia requiring repeated delays in First Element Launch.\nOn 26 July 2000, Zvezda became the third component of the ISS when it docked at the aft port of Zarya. (The U.S. Unity module had already been attached to Zarya). Later in July, the computers aboard Zarya handed over ISS commanding functions to computers on Zvezda.\nOn 11 September 2000, two members of the STS-106 Space Shuttle crew completed final connections between Zvezda and Zarya; during a 6-hour, 14 minute EVA, astronaut Ed Lu and cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko connected nine cables between Zvezda and Zarya, including four power cables, four video and data cables and a fiber-optic telemetry cable. The next day, STS-106 crew members floated into Zvezda for the first time, at 05:20 UTC on 12 September 2000.\nZvezda provided early living quarters, a life support system, a communication system (Zvezda introduced a 10 Mbit/s Ethernet network to the ISS ), electrical power distribution, a data processing system, a flight control system, and a propulsion system. These quarters and some, but not all, systems have since been supplemented by additional ISS components.", "Due to Russian financial problems, Zvezda was launched with no backup and no insurance. Due to this risk, NASA had constructed an Interim Control Module (ICM) in case it was delayed significantly or destroyed on launch.", "", "", "", "Aft port\nProgress MS-02 63P, 2016\nProgress M-29M 61P, 2015–2016\nSoyuz TMA-16M, 2015 \nGeorges Lemaître ATV-5, 2014–2015\nProgress M-21M, 2013–2014\nSoyuz TMA-09M, 2013\nAlbert Einstein ATV-4, 2013\nProgress M-17M 49P, 2012–2013\nEdoardo Amaldi ATV-3 2012\nProgress M-11M 43P, 2011\nJohannes Kepler ATV-2 2011\nProgress M-07M 39P, 2010\nProgress M-06M 38P, 2010\nSoyuz TMA-19, 2010\nSoyuz TMA-17, 2010\nProgress M-04M 36P, 2010\nSoyuz TMA-16, 2009–2010\nProgress M-67 34P, 2009\nJules Verne ATV-1 2008\nProgress M-65 30P, 2008\nProgress M-60 25P, 2007\nProgress M-58 23P, 2006–2007\nSoyuz TMA-9 2006\nSoyuz TMA-7 2006\nProgress M-56 21P, 2006\nProgress M-54 19P, 2005–2006\nProgress M-53 18P, 2005\nProgress M-52 17P, 2005\nProgress M-51 16P, 2004–2005\nProgress M-50 15P, 2004\nProgress M-49 14P, 2004\nProgress M1-11 13P, 2004\nProgress M-48 12P, 2003–2004\nProgress M-47 10P, 2003\nProgress M1-9 9P, 2002–2003\nProgress M-46 8P, 2002\nProgress M1-8 7P, 2002\nProgress M1-7 6P, 2001–2002\nProgress M-45 5P, 2001\nProgress M1-6 4P, 2001\nProgress M-44 3P, 2001\nProgress M1-3 1P, 2000 (1st)\nNadir\nPirs, 2001-2021\nNauka, 2021–present\nZenith\nPoisk, 2009–present\nForward\nZarya, 2000–present", "\"Zvezda Service Module\". Khrunichev. Retrieved 11 June 2017.\n\"ISS Elements Service Module Zvezda\". Spaceref. Retrieved 19 June 2020.\n\"Служебный модуль 'Звезда'\" [\"Zvezda\" service module] (in Russian). Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. Retrieved 11 June 2017.\n\"The ISS to Date\". NASA. 22 February 2007. Archived from the original on 3 June 2002. Retrieved 24 June 2007. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\n\"International Space Station Status Report #06-7\". NASA. 17 February 2006. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2007. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\n\"NASA – Zvezda Service Module\". NASA. 14 October 2006. Retrieved 10 July 2007. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\nWilliams, Sunita (presenter) (3 July 2015). Departing Space Station Commander Provides Tour of Orbital Laboratory (video). NASA. Event occurs at 17.46-18.26. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\nRoylance, Frank D. (11 November 2000). \"Space station astronauts take shelter from solar radiation\". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 1 September 2019.\nStofer, Kathryn (29 October 2013). \"Tuesday/Wednesday Solar Punch\". NASA. Retrieved 1 September 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\n\"Service Module | RuSpace\". suzymchale.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.\n\"Photo-iss006e45076\". Spaceflight Insider. 22 June 2003. Archived from the original on 22 June 2003.\n\"COSMONAUTS PERFORM LONGEST RUSSIAN SPACEWALK TO UPGRADE HIGH-GAIN ANTENNA\". 3 February 2018.\n\"Orbiting Agriculture\". NASA. 20 October 2005. Retrieved 17 October 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\nAnatoly Zak (18 June 2013). \"Zvezda service module (SM)\". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 8 April 2016.\n\"International Space Station Status Report: SS07-23\". NASA. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\nGrand tour of the International Space Station with Drew and Luca | Single take, retrieved 30 July 2021\n\"Space station benefits from a wide opening\". NBC News. Retrieved 30 July 2021.\n\"Oxygen supply system deactivated in Russian ISS section due to malfunction\". TASS. Retrieved 30 July 2021.\nZak, Anatoly. \"A Rare Look at the Russian Side of the Space Station\". Air & Space Magazine. Retrieved 30 July 2021.\n\"Oxygen problems plague space station\". NBC News. Retrieved 30 July 2021.\n\"Pizza Hut Puts Pie in the Sky with Rocket Logo\". Space.com. 30 September 1999. Archived from the original on 14 January 2006. Retrieved 27 June 2006.\n\"Proton Set to Make Pizza Delivery to ISS\". SpaceDaily. 8 July 2000. Retrieved 5 May 2013.\nGeere, Duncan (2 November 2010). \"The International Space Station is 10 today!\". wired.co.uk. Wired. Retrieved 20 December 2014.\n\"THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Rocket to Carry Pizza Hut Logo\". The New York Times. 1 October 1999. Retrieved 21 January 2009.\n\"Proton Set to Make Pizza Delivery to ISS\". SpaceDaily. AFP. 8 July 2000.\n\"STS-106\". NASA. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\n\"STS-106 Report # 07\". NASA. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\n\"STS-106 Report # 10\". NASA. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\nISS and STS Commercial Off-The-Shelf Router Testing Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Ivancic, Bell and Shell, NASA Technical Memo TM-2002-211310 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\n\"Soyuz Relocation\". NASA. Retrieved 29 August 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.\nWright, Jerry (13 April 2015). \"Soyuz Move Sets Stage for Arrival of New Crew\". NASA.", "Zvezda @ RuSpace Archived 21 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine (includes diagrams)" ]

[ "Zvezda (ISS module)", "Origins", "Design", "Connection to the ISS", "Launch risks", "Interior", "Crew", "Exterior", "Dockings", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360465, 5360466, 5360467, 5360468, 5360469, 5360470, 5360471, 5360472, 5360473, 5360474, 5360475, 5360476, 5360477, 5360478, 5360479, 5360480, 5360481, 5360482, 5360483, 5360484, 5360485, 5360486, 5360487 ]

[ 27240073, 27240074, 27240075, 27240076, 27240077, 27240078, 27240079, 27240080, 27240081, 27240082, 27240083, 27240084, 27240085, 27240086, 27240087, 27240088, 27240089, 27240090, 27240091, 27240092, 27240093, 27240094, 27240095, 27240096, 27240097, 27240098, 27240099, 27240100, 27240101, 27240102, 27240103, 27240104, 27240105 ]

[ "" ]

[ 7 ]

[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Lunar_Base-1.jpg" ]

[ "Zvezda moonbase (Russian: звезда, \"star\"), also called DLB Lunar Base, was a Soviet plan and project from 1962 to 1974 to construct a crewed moonbase as successor to the N1-L3 human lunar expedition program. Zvezda moonbase was canceled with the rest of the Soviet human lunar programs.", "The base's main habitation module would first be delivered to the Moon. Later automatic spacecraft, including the Lunokhod rover, would be delivered, followed by a human crew and more modules. For the safety of the crew, the habitation modules might have been covered with regolith. In order to allow for exploration or repositioning of the base, the habitation modules may have been installed on wheel chassis, and multiple docked to form a movable train. Energy for the base would have been provided by atomic batteries and a nuclear reactor.\nThe moonbase project was ordered by the Soviet space chief Korolyov to Vladimir Barmin's Spetcmash bureau. The project was named DLB Lunar Base in technical specifications and Zvezda in government documents. Unofficially, the project was called Barmingrad (Barmin's city or Barmin City) by its designers after the project lead.\nSeveral aspects of lunar colonization were studied:\nthe aims of the base;\na concept for construction;\nstages of realization;\nconstruction and scientific equipment;\npossible military supplies.", "The main unit of the base was the habitation module. The plan was for the base to consist of 9 such modules, each delivered separately. The modules had control, laboratory, life, medical, dining, store and other specific aims. Each module was to be 8.6 meters in full length and 3.3 meters in diameter, with 18 tons in full weight. The modules were to be 4.5 meters in initial length, and grow to full size by an expanded mechanism and air compression after delivery.\nThe train had an 8-ton mass and would be operated by 4 cosmonauts and consist of tug, life, energy and drilling modules. Chassis of each module had 8 wheels with separate drive, each as implemented on Lunokhods.\nModules of the base and train had 3 layers of protection from micrometeorites, heat and ultraviolet rays. Between the external and internal metal layers was a special styrofoam. The train had a manipulator arm which would have enabled the collection of samples of soil without the use of space suits.\nWater would have been extracted from the lunar soil by a chemical reaction. The Lavochkin bureau developed but did not test a small version of such a unit.\nThe base would have had a crew of 9 to 12.", "The Zvezda project was not a separate program but part of the N1-L3 expedition program for the 1970s. The first cosmonaut landings were to be done with the LK Moon landing module of L3 spacecraft.\nThe realization of the project depended on key parts of the N1-L3 program - the N-1 superheavy launcher, all 4 launches of which failed between 1969 and 1972. Before the cancellation of the Soviet human Moon program, the new project N1F-L3M was proposed for expeditions from 1979 onwards. These would have had a longer duration than the Apollo flights and may have led to the successor creation of the Zvezda moonbase in 1980s. Also, the new LEK Lunar Expeditionary Complex for transportation to Moon and moonbase was proposed then.\nThe new Soviet space chief Glushko canceled the N1-L3 program in 1974 but proposed the new Vulkan-LEK project for expeditions to the Moon, based on a new superheavy launcher developed by his bureau, but this project was not realized either.\nMoon expeditions and the construction of a Moon base would have required nearly 50 billion rubles (80 billion US dollars in 1997).\nAll crewed Soviet lunar programs, including a Zvezda moonbase, had been classified as top secret and were only published in the glasnost epoch since 1990. Before this time, the Soviet Union officially denied the existence of these programs but confirmed the existence of near-Earth crewed orbital stations and Moon exploration by robotic spacecraft.", "The 1969-1970 TV series UFO features a Sovatek Corporation (a play on \"Soviet\" and \"tech\") moonbase similar to Zvezda and equipped with enormous truck-like rovers.\nThe 2019 web television series For All Mankind has a Soviet moonbase called Zvezda.", "LEK Lunar Expeditionary Complex\nEnergia Lunar Expedition\nProject Horizon\nLunex Project\nColonization of the Moon\nProject A119", "Harvey, Brian (17 August 2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. ISBN 9780387739762.\nТелестудия Роскосмоса (2009-05-12), Лунный Барминград. Lunar Barmin-City., retrieved 2016-02-23\n\"How landing on the moon hurt America's space program\". 16 July 2019.\n\"DLB Module\". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016.\nHarvey, Brian (17 August 2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. ISBN 9780387739762.\n\"Lunar base\".\nWade, Mark (31 October 2001). \"DLB Module\". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2019.", "Moon \"Barmingrad\" video by TV Roskosmos" ]

[ "Zvezda (moonbase)", "Implementation", "Parameters", "Realization", "In media", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360488 ]

[ 27240106, 27240107, 27240108, 27240109, 27240110, 27240111, 27240112, 27240113, 27240114, 27240115, 27240116 ]

[ "Zvezda M503" ]

[ 1 ]

[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/JSC_Zvezda_M503_l.jpg" ]

[ "The Zvezda M503 (built at AO Zvezda at St Petersburg) is a maritime 7 bank, 42 cylinder diesel radial engine built in the 1970s by the Soviet Union. Its primary use was in Soviet missile boats that used three of these engines.\nThis engine may have had other applications, but due to its extreme weight (5,400 kg (11,900 lb)), it would have been limited to ground or naval applications.\nA German tractor pulling team designed a vehicle, named \"Dragon Fire\", around a methanol-fueled version of this engine; this modified engine is said to weigh 3,200 kg (7,100 lb) including the gearbox, for use in the 4.5 ton tractor pulling class, making 8,000 hp (6,000 kW) at 2,500 rpm.", "", "Type: 42-cylinder liquid-cooled seven-bank,\nsix-cylinder-per-bank diesel radial engine\nBore: 6.3 in (160 mm)\nStroke: 6.7 in (170 mm)\nDisplacement: 8,760.5 cu in (143.559 l)\nLength: 145.66 in (3,700 mm)\nDiameter: 61.41 in (1,560 mm)\nDry weight: 12,015 lb (5,450 kg)", "Valvetrain: 7 overhead cam shafts, \none per bank (SOHC).\nFuel type: Diesel fuel\nCooling system: Liquid-cooled", "Power output: 3,942 bhp (2,940 kW; 3,997 PS) \nat 2,200 rpm\nSpecific power: 0.450 hp/in³ (20.47 kW/L)\nPower-to-weight ratio: 0.32 hp/lb (0.53 kW/kg)", "AO Zvezda\nZvezda M503 , M533 , M520 B\nZvezda M504 56 cylinders\nZvezda M401 V12 marine turbodiesel engine\nZvezda M150 Pulsar V12 800 kW < 1,8 - 3 MW\nZE1600KZ ZE Energetika 4,8 MW V8 V12 < 3 - 5 or 7 MW\nZvezda M507 2 × 56 = 112 cylinders\nZvezda M501\nKMZ RD production\nADG1000 ADG6000 , 68B 68G , 85D 86B 86G at KMZ - RD and UDMZ\nTM-300 inline 6 (460 hp 200 350 kW) or 8\nvarious V12 V16 and V18 from 3 5 MW 58D/A/E up to 8 9 MW\n68B , 68G , 85D 86B 86G 8,8 MW V18", "Napier Deltic", "\"Dragon fire\". Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2010.\n\"Archived copy\". www.kramp.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2022.\n\"КМЗ запустил в производство рядный дизель серии ТМ-300\".\nWilliam Pearce (5 September 2016). \"Yakovlev M-501 and Zvezda M503 and M504 Diesel Engines\". Old Machine Press." ]

[ "Zvezda M503", "Specifications (Zvezda M503A)", "General characteristics", "Components", "Performance", "Zvezda engines", "Comparable engines", "References" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Zvezda_Stadium_Perm.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Moscow_Hippodrome.JPG" ]

[ "Zvezda Stadium (Russian: «Звезда»), until 1991 Lenin Komsomol Stadium (Russian: стадион имени Ленинского комсомола), is a multi-use stadium in Perm, Russia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Zvezda Perm. The stadium holds 17,000 people and was opened on June 5, 1969.\nThe field was covered with artificial turf in 2005.", "(in Russian) Zvezda Stadium — at the website of Amkar fans\nZvezda Stadium" ]

[ "Zvezda Stadium", "External links" ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Zvezda_silver_horizontal.png" ]

[ "Zvezda Zvenigorod (Russian: Звезда Звенигород, lit. Star Zvenigorod) is a Russian women's handball club from Zvenigorod, near Moscow. They won the Champions League and the Champions Trophy in 2008, and the EHF Cup in 2006/07. Between 2006 and 2011 the club was coached by Russian national team trainer Evgeny Trefilov. In the summer of 2011 he was replaced by head coach Zdravko Zovko.\nIn reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Handball Federation banned Russian athletes, and the European Handball Federation suspended the Russian clubs from competing in European handball competitions.", "", "Goalkeepers\n12 Ekaterina Kirikias\n48 Yulia Dolgih\n64 Serafima Tikhanova\nWingers\nRW\n37 Daria Kurmaz\n77 Albina Murzalieva\nLW\n8 Victoriya Klimantseva\n10 Marianna Egorova\n95 Alexandra Karpova\nLine players\n22 Irina Antonova\n23 Alina Sinelnikova\n39 Stanislava Gerasimova\nBack players\nLB\n3 Yuliya Chernova\n5 Alisa Dvorcevaya\n11 Anastasia Suslova\n40 Elizaveta Sobina\n44 Anastasia Shavman\n81 Kseniya Dyachenko\nCB\n4 Nadezda Osipova\n14 Aksana Pantus\n50 Lada Samoylenko\n63 Anastasiya Tserkovniuk (c)\nRB\n15 Alina Triobchuk\n20 Valeriya Ganicheva\n33 Anna Nikolaeva\n55 Natalia Nikitina", "Irina Poltoratskaya\nOxana Romenskaya\nAnna Kareyeva\nElena Dmitrieva\nAnastasia Lobach\nNatalia Shipilova\nYekaterina Andryushina\nYelena Polenova\nEkaterina Vetkova\nPolina Vyakhireva\nLiudmila Postnova\nAlexandra Lacrabere\nSamira Rocha", "\"Zvezda Zvenigorod\". European Handball Federation. Retrieved 2009-01-06.\n\"Russia and Belarus suspended by EHF\". Handball Planet. 1 March 2022.", "Official site (in Russian)" ]

[ "Zvezda Zvenigorod", "Team", "Current squad", "Notable players", "References", "External links" ]

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[ "Čebinac carried by 1. FC Nürnberg teammate Fritz Popp and head coach Max Merkel during training in September 1968 ahead of the European Cup second leg game versus Ajax." ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Popp%2C_Cebinac_en_Merkel_%281968%29.jpg" ]

[ "Zvezdan Čebinac (Serbian Cyrillic: Звeздaн Чeбинaц; 8 December 1939, Belgrade – 18 February 2012, Aarau) was a Serbian football midfielder and manager. He played 20 times for SFR Yugoslavia. He had then a coaching career in Switzerland.\nHe was the twin brother of Srđan Čebinac. With Partizan he won three Yugoslav Championships (1961, 1962, 1963).", "\"Umro nekadašnji reprezentativac SFRJ Zvezdan Čebinac\" (in Serbian). BLIC Sport. 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.\n\"Switzerland - Trainers of First and Second Division Clubs\". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 27 June 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2011." ]

[ "Zvezdan Čebinac", "References" ]

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[ "Zvezdan Martič", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Zvezdan_Marti%C4%8D.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Engineering.png" ]

[ "Zvezdan Martič (born 1963 in Celje, Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian journalist and engineer. In 2001 he inaugurated the establishment of the multimedia center at RTV Slovenija and was assigned the position of project leader since its inception until 2010. He was a member of the OLS (On line service group) at EBU (European Broadcasting Union), where he was also a member of the Benchmarking and Teletext groups. In addition, he is a College lecturer in multimedia. The last ten years he has been the host of two talk shows and scriptwriter and director of many documentaries and in last two years host and editor of daily news. Currently he is Assistant Director of TV Slovenija.", "Social Innovation Camp", "\"Social Innovation Camp profile\". Retrieved 18 February 2010.", "Portal RTV Slovenija\nEBU\nPersonal web page of Zvezdan Martič" ]

[ "Zvezdan Martič", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360494 ]

[ 27240124 ]

[ "", "Location of Zvezdara within the city of Belgrade", "Panorama of the hill, from north. Karaburma is in the foreground.", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/COA_Zvezdara.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Belgrade_Municipalities_Zvezdara.png", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Karaburma_panorama_north.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Vojvodina_municipalities_map.png" ]

[ "Zvezdara (Serbian Cyrillic: Звездара, [zv̞ě̞zdara]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. The municipality is geographically hilly and with many forests. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 148,014 inhabitants.\nThe municipality of Zvezdara is located east of Belgrade and occupied almost the entire eastern urban section of the city. It borders the municipalities of Palilula on the north-west, north and north-east, Grocka on the east and south-east, Voždovac on the south and south-west and Vračar on the west.", "Historically, Zvezdara hill was known as Great Vračar. Vračаr area at that time occupied much wider area that it does today and was divided into West Vračar, East Vračar and Great Vračar. Turkish source from 1621 describes it as \"a hill and a big field\". In the 17th and 18th century, the area was covered in vineyards, orchards and lush oriental gardens, a major excursion ground for the wealthy Belgrade Turks which called the hill Ekmekluk (Turkish ekmek, meaning bread) and built their summer houses there. The Ekmekluk occupied the slope which today spreads from the observatory to the Cvetko Market.\nWhen Belgrade was occupied in 1717 by Austria, a defense moat was built whose outer section crossed the hill, where the modern Volgina street is today. After Austria re-occupied Belgrade in 1789, the trench was reconstructed by the general Ernst Gideon von Laudon and became known as the \"Laudan trench\" (Serbian: Laudanov šanac or simply Šanac). Due to the military importance of the hill, its gardens were neglected.\nUntil the 1930s, the Zvezdara hill was known as Veliki Vračar (Great Vračar). In the 19th century the foothills were not urbanized and, being far from the city center, were used by the Belgraders as a resort and picnic area, named Baba Ružin kraj (\"Grandma Ruža's neighborhood\"). In 1929-32 an observatory designed by Czech-born architect Jan Dubový (1892–1969) was built on top of the hill. The observatory was originally called zvezdara (\"star-house\") in Serbian, so the hill and the developing suburban area of Belgrade around it was named that way soon. In time, Latinism opservatorija replaced zvezdara, which in turn completely disappeared from spoken language as such, but remained as a name of Belgrade's neighborhood. As a result, many today believe Zvezdara was named that way simply after stars (Serbian zvezda, star). In 1935 the Clinical Center (KBC) Zvezdara was built as a bequest by wealthy Serbian merchant Nikola Spasić. The area was rich in water, originally used for city waterworks. Several public drinking fountains were built (like Pasha's fountain, dating from the First Serbian Uprising, in modern Živka Davidovića street or the Fountain of the third-class reservists, for the killed soldiers of the World War I. near KBC Zvezdara).\nThe KBC Zvezdara, which in time became known as the City Hospital Zvezdara, doubled its capacities already prior to World War II, expanding also number of wards. After the war it expanded capacities almost 8 times compared to December 1935, when it was opened and became one of the largest medical complexes in Serbia. Donation from the Sue Ryder charity in 1963, allowed the establishment of the first geriatrics ward in Yugoslavia.\nThe municipality of Zvezdara was created on 1 September 1955, from (at that time) new neighborhoods around the observatory. On 1 January 1957 Zvezdara was greatly enlarged as the municipalities of Stari Đeram and Mali Mokri Lug were annexed to it. Villages of Kaluđerica, Vinča and Leštane (previously parts of Mali Mokri Lug) were later detached and annexed to the municipality of Grocka. In the first half of the 1970s, all settlements in the municipality became part of the Belgrade city proper (uža teritorija grada) so the entire municipality of Zvezdara is today one of six municipalities which are completely part of urban Belgrade.", "The Zvezdara neighborhood (44°48′00″N 20°30′29″E) is located south-east of downtown Belgrade. In its original sense, the neighborhood of Zvezdara comprises areas around the Zvezdara Forest, including the neighborhood of Zvezdara II. It borders the neighborhoods of Bogoslovija and Karaburma on the north, Ćalije on the north-east (all in the municipality of Palilula), Mirijevo on the east, Mali Mokri Lug on the south-east, Cvetkova Pijaca and Konjarnik on the south, Lion on the south-west and Bulbuder on the west. The area had a population of 10,095 by the 2002 census of population. However, after the creation of the municipality in 1955, the entire section west and south-west of Zvezdara is today considered as part of it in a narrow sense (Lion, Bulbuder, Lipov Lad, Cvetkova Pijaca, etc.).\nThis is a list of neighborhoods in the municipality:\nBulbulder\nCrveni Krst\nCvetanova Ćuprija\nDenkova Bašta\nĐeram\nKonjarnik\nKonjarnik I\nKonjarnik II\nKonjarnik III\nLion\nLipov Lad\nMali Mokri Lug\nMirijevo\nMirijevo II\nMirijevo III\nMirijevo IV\nNovo Mirijevo\nOrlovsko Naselje\nPadina\nRudo\nSlavujev Venac\nStari Đeram\nStaro Mirijevo\nUčiteljsko Naselje\nVeliki Mokri Lug\nVukov Spomenik\nZeleno Brdo\nOlimp\nKaluđerica II\nZvezdara II", "Despite being one of Belgrade's minor municipalities in terms of area (31 square kilometer), Zvezdara covers some of the highest sections of urban Belgrade, including the hills:\nStojčino Brdo (270 meters)\nOrlovica (265 meters, also, but incorrectly, named Orlovača on some city maps)\nZvezdara (253 meters)\nMokroluško Brdo (234 meters)\nZvezdara basically has no real city parks, but has two large wooded areas, Zvezdara Forest (with an arranged park within, in the north-central part) and the northern section of Stepin Lug in the southern part of the municipality. Peti Park (Fifth park) is a minute green area in the neighborhood of Lipov Lad which gained a lot of publicity in the mid-2000s with a public movement to keep the area green.\nZvezdara does not come out on the river banks of two major Belgrade's rivers (the Danube and Sava). The major water flows in the municipality are two creeks, both of which are partially conducted underground in the city sewer: Mokroluški potok and Mirijevski potok. For several hundred meters, the Bolečica river flows through the southernmost part of the municipality, near Bubanj Potok.", "According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 151,808 inhabitants. The population of the municipality had a steady, large growth until the 1990s when birthrates plunged in all of Serbia due to the Yugoslav Wars. Zvezdara remains one of the most densely populated areas in entire Serbia, with 4,897 inhabitants per square kilometer as of 2011.", "The ethnic composition of the municipality (as of 2011):", "Recent Presidents of the municipality were:\n1996–2000: Vučeta Mandić\n2000–November 19, 2004: Petar Moravac (b. 1964)\nNovember 19, 2004 – February 18, 2005: Milan Popović (b. 1948)\nFebruary 18, 2005 – June 28, 2005: Ljubiša Stojmirović (b. 1950)\nJune 28, 2005 – June 11, 2012: Milan Popović (b. 1948)\nJune 11, 2012 – June 1, 2016: Edip Šerifov (b. 1977)\nJune 1, 2016 – September 4, 2020: Miloš Ignjatović (b. 1961)\nSeptember 4, 2020 – present: Vladan Jeremić (b. 1974)", "Educational and research facilities:\nleading ICT researchers, Mihajlo Pupin Institute\nZvezdara observatory\nBelgrade Business School\nRepublic Bureau of Statistics\nVI Belgrade Gymnasium\nTechnical school for Geodesy and Surveying\nTechnical College of Vocational Studies for Civil Engineering and Surveying\nNursing school\nMedical center (KBC Zvezdara)\nCity hospital (Gradska bolnica)\nAnti-tuberculosis hospital\nTheaters:\nTetar Kult\nZvezdara Teatar\nChurches:\nShroud of the Holy Mother of God (Đeram); former industrial object, adapted into church by Momir Korunović in 1933;\nSaint Prince Lazar (Bulbulder); also built by Korunović;\nSaint Trifon (Mali Mokri Lug)\nSaint Prophet Elias (Mirijevo)\nSaint Father Nikolay (New Cemetery)\nSports:\nStadium FK Hajduk Beograd\nStadium FK Zvezdara\nStadium FK Balkan Bukovica\nStadium FK 29. November\nStadium FK Mladi Proleter\nSports center \"Zvedara\" (popularly styled \"Olimp\")", "The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):", "As many areas of modern Zvezdara municipalities were villages and rural areas annexed to it in the 1950s, entire southern and eastern sections (Padina, Veliki Mokri Lug, Mali Mokri Lug, Mirijevo) are without industry. Industrial facilities are mostly grouped in two sections: Konjarnik (plastics Bukulja, precise and optical instruments Precizna mehanika, white metals Metal) and upper Bulevar kralja Aleksandra section (textile Kluz, electronics Nikola Tesla, plastics Utenzilija, presses Glas Javnosti and Kurir, foundry Livnica).", "As most of the Bulevar kralja Aleksandra goes through the municipality of Zvezdara, one of the strongest commercial zones in Belgrade developed around this, the longest street in the old section of Belgrade (9 kilometers). The long zone along the boulevard, simply known as \"Bulevar\" (despite there are some 20 boulevards in Belgrade), apart from several dozens of shops of all kinds, hosted also hundreds of street sellers, which are now confined to the large covered fair-type store named \"Depo\" (\"depot\").", "\nSome of the busiest streets in Belgrade pass through the municipality of Zvezdara. Basically, the main street that goes through the central part of the entire municipality is Bulevar kralja Aleksandra which continues through the municipality of Grocka to the town of Smederevo. Additionally, in almost parallel way, the Highway Belgrade–Niš goes through the southern part. Ruzveltova and Mije Kovačevića in the eastern section are among the busiest and most polluted traffic areas in the city. Other major city routes include streets Vojislava Ilića, Ustanička, Dimitrija Tucovića, Dragoslava Srejovića, Milana Rakića, Jovanke Radaković, Mirijevski venac and Matice Srpske. The large bus garage depot of GSP Belgrade, city's public transportation company and Lasta, its sister company, are located on the highway.\nThere is no railroad passing through the municipality, but Vukov Spomenik is one of the underground train stations of the future Belgrade Metro, which for now operates as part of the Belgrade-Pančevo railway (local Beovoz rail), connecting Nova Pazova (in the province of Vojvodina), Belgrade and Pančevo (in Vojvodina again).", "A northern sub-neighborhood of Zvezdara, today mostly centered on the roundabout of bus line number 65. It consists of several small urban patches in the northern section of Zvezdara Forest, north of the observatory and Mihajlo Pupin Institute and along the Dragoslava Srejovića street, which divides it from the neighborhoods of Karaburma and Ćalije on the north and north-east, respectively, both in the municipality of Palilula.", "Zvezdara Forest (Zvezdarska šuma or Zvezdani Gaj, Serbian Cyrillic: Звездарска шума or Звездани гај) After Topčider and Košutnjak, Zvezdara is the largest forest in the urban zone of Belgrade, a crescent-shaped wooded area which covers most of the Zvezdara Hill. The northern and eastern border of the wood is formed mostly by the Dragoslava Srejovića street. It borders the neighborhoods of Karaburma on the north, Ćalije on the north-east, Mirijevo on the east, Cvetkova Pijaca on the south and Zvezdara itself on the west.\nIn the beginning of the 20th century the Veliki Vračar Hill area was designed for afforestation. After the construction of the observatory in 1929-32 on top of the hill, the forest creation began making a unique artificially created green zone in Belgrade's urban tissue. Today, the observatory is roughly in the middle of the forest.\nThe Zvezdara Forest today covers an area of 137 hectares, out of which 21 hectare is arranged as a park. Apart from the observatory, objects within the forest or near it include the \"Mihajlo Pupin Institute\" in the north-central and seven small stadiums (FC 29. Novembar, FC Zvezdara, FC Mladi proleter) in the north-western section. Patches of the northern section are urbanized, forming a neighborhood of Zvezdara II (especially along the Dragoslava Srejovića street). The forest is also damaged by the unauthorized individual residential construction, so in 2007 Belgrade City government announced further plans to extend the Zvezdara Forest to the north and south, connecting it in the process to Ada Huja and Šumice, respectively, either as real park or just avenues, and thus creating Belgrade's greenway.\nNumber of animal species protected by Serbian and international laws live in Zvezdara forest. Some of them are:\nEast European hedgehog (Latin Erinaceus concolor; Serbian: evropski belogrudi jež)\nEuropean mole (Lat. Talpa europaea; Serbian: krtica)\nCommon buzzard (Lat. Buteo buteo; Serbian: mišar)\nTawny owl (Lat. Strix aluco; Serbian: šumska sova)\nLong-eared owl (Lat. Asio otus; Serbian: mala ušara)\nScops owl (Lat. Otus scops; Serbian: ćuk)\nLittle owl (Lat. Athene noctua; Serbian: kukumavka)", "Zvezdara is twinned with the following cities and municipalities:\n Kisela Voda, North Macedonia\nHonoring this cooperation, one street between Zvezdara and Mirijevo was named \"Kisela Voda\" in the mid-2000s.", "Subdivisions of Belgrade\nList of Belgrade neighborhoods and suburbs", "\"Насеља општине Звездара\" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 23 October 2019.\nSlobodan Giša Bogunović (3 September 2011), \"Biodiverzitet na roštilju\", Politika (in Serbian)\n\"Zaštićeno područje \"Zvezdarska šuma\", spomenik prirode\" [Protected area \"Zvezdara Forest\", natural monument] (in Serbian). JKP Zelenilo-Beograd.\nMarija Brakočević (21 May 2014). \"Beograd leži na 23 brda\" [Belgrade lays on 23 hills]. Politika (in Serbian).\nPolitika daily, July 16, 2007, p.25\nDanijela Davidov Kesar (10 December 2020). КБЦ Звездара обележила 85 година постојања [KBC Zvezdara marked 85th anniversary]. Politika (in Serbian). p. 8.\n\"2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia\" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 25 February 2017.\n\"ETHNICITY Data by municipalities and cities\" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 1 March 2018.\nDejan Aleksić (22 April 2018). \"Zaboravljeni srpski Gaudi\" [Forgotten Serbian Gaudi]. Politika (in Serbian).\n\"MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019\" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.\nVečernje Novosti daily, April 9, 2007, p.16\nStudy of Tawny Owl Strix aluco (Linnaeus 1758) diet from pellet samples collected in Serbia during 2003 and 2004 \nMala Prosvetina Enciklopedija, First edition (1959); Prosveta;\nJovan Đ. Marković (1990): Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije; Svjetlost-Sarajevo; ISBN 86-01-02651-6", "Official website\nZvezdara Theatre\nZvezdara Observatory\nProtect Zvezdara forest" ]

[ "Zvezdara", "History", "Neighborhood", "Geography", "Demographics", "Ethnic groups", "Administration", "Culture and society", "Economy", "Industry", "Commerce", "Transportation", "Zvezdara II", "Zvezdara Forest", "International cooperation", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360495, 5360496, 5360497 ]

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[ "Zvezdara Forest", "", "Zvezdara forest in the fall" ]

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[ "Zvezdara Forest (Serbian: Звездарска шума / Zvezdarska šuma) is a park-forest in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Majority of the forest is located in the municipality of Zvezdara with only the small northernmost section being on the territory of Palilula. After Košutnjak and Topčider, Zvezdara is the largest forest in the urban zone of Belgrade and with them, the most important source of the oxygen for the city. While the Košuntjak-Topčider complex is being called the \"Belgrade's oxygen factory\", Zvezdara forest bears the moniker \"left lung of the city\".", "Zvezdara forest is completely surrounded by the city's urban area and covers most of the 253 m (830 ft) tall Zvezdara Hill. It is situated in the northernmost section of the municipality of Zvezdara, on the border with Palilula. The northern and eastern boundary of the forest is formed mostly by the Dragoslava Srejovića street, except for a wooded patch which spreads into the neighborhood of Karaburma. Karaburma marks the forest's northern (Stara Karaburma) and northeastern border (Ćalije). The forest is bordered by the neighborhood of Mirijevo on the east, Zeleno Brdo on the southeast, Zvezdara on the south, Bulbulder and Zvezdara II on the east and Bogoslovija on the northeast.", "On the northern slopes of the hill remnants of the prehistoric and Celtic period have been found (Rospi Ćuprija). Historically, Zvezdara hill was known as Veliki Vračar (Great Vračar). Vračаr area at that time occupied much wider area that it does today and was divided into West Vračar, East Vračar and Great Vračar. Turkish source from 1621 describes it as \"a hill and a big field\". In the 17th and 18th century, the area was covered in vineyards, orchards and lush oriental gardens, a major excursion ground for the wealthy Belgrade Turks which called the hill Ekmekluk and built their summer houses there. When Belgrade was occupied in 1717 by the Austria, a defense moat was built whose outer section crossed the hill, where the modern Volgina street is today. After Austria re-occupied Belgrade in 1789, the trench was reconstructed by the general Ernst Gideon von Laudon and became known as the \"Laudan trench\" (Serbian: Laudanov šanac or simply Šanac). Due to the military importance of the hill, its gardens were neglected.\nIn the 19th century the foothills were not urbanized and, being far from the city center, were used by the Belgraders as a resort and picnic area, named Baba Ružin kraj (\"Grandma Ruža's neighborhood\"). King Peter I of Serbia wanted to build his royal court on the hill but was persuaded not to do so because it would be easily accessed from the Danube'd direction in the case of war. In the beginning of the 20th century the Veliki Vračar Hill area was designed for afforestation. After the World War I the hill was covered with meadows, vineyards and many brickyards and the neighborhood at the foothills of Veliki Vračar began to develop, mostly a modest settlements of the farmers and wage earners. In 1929-32 an observatory designed by Czech-born architect Jan Dubový (1892–1969) was built on top of the hill, roughly in the middle of the forest. The observatory was originally called zvezdara (\"star-house\") in Serbian, so the hill and the developing suburban area of Belgrade around it was named that way soon. In time, Latinism opservatorija replaced zvezdara, which in turn completely disappeared from spoken language as such, but remained as a name of Belgrade's neighborhood. As a result, many today believe Zvezdara was named simply after stars (Serbian zvezda, star). After the construction of the observatory, the forest creation began in 1933, making a unique artificially created green zone in Belgrade's urban tissue. The forestation was intensified after 1945. The most massive forestation occurred from 1948 to 1950 when tens of thousands of seedlings were planted. Belgrade's 1972 General urban plan officially classified Zvezdara forest as the park-forest.", "The forest is generally a crescent-shaped wooded area which today covers an area of 137 ha (340 acres), out of which 21 ha (52 acres) is arranged as a park. There are many paths and proper streets, including the Volgina street which criss crosses the entire forest. The forest was partially expanded to alleviate the effect of the strong košava wind. while the extension on the southern slope, towards the hospital, prevents the possible mass wasting. It creates a milder microclimate, conducts fresh air to the central urban tissue, prevents the erosion and creates a mass natural underground water reservoir. Also, it prevents the pollution from the industrial city of Pančevo on the east to reach the center of the city.", "Apart from the observatory, objects within the forest or near it include the \"Mihajlo Pupin Institute\" in the north-central and seven small stadiums (FC 29. Novembar, FC Zvezdara, FC Mladi proleter, FC Bulbulderac, Omladinski stadion) in the north-western section. Children complex \"Zvezdani Gaj\" is also located in the forest. Patches of the northern section are urbanized, forming a neighborhood of Zvezdara II (especially along the Dragoslava Srejovića street). South of the forest are the Clinical-hospital Center Zvezdara and sports center Olimp. The hospital was built in the early 1930s and is colloquially known as the \"City hospital\". East of the forest is the Belgrade New Cemetery.\nThe forest is damaged by the unauthorized individual residential construction, so in 2007 Belgrade City government announced further plans to extend the Zvezdara Forest to the north and south, connecting it in the process to Ada Huja and Šumice, respectively, either as real park or just avenues, and thus creating Belgrade's greenway. But in 2009 city authorities decided to transform parts of the wood into the building land, allegedly to expand the hospital complex, though the projected land covered three times more area than the complex occupies now. Also the city wanted to build the church and summer houses at the center of the forest. Altogether, a 5 ha (12 acres) of wood was to be cut and cleared. This prompted the protests of the local population which wanted to preserve the forest. The protest was publicly supported by musicians Dejan Cukić, Sevdah baby, Beogradski Sindikat and others, who organized concerts to support the cause. The city health department responded that they only wanted to build two additional buildings in the hospital complex on just a few ares, while the Environment Department issued a statement that they don't support any cutting of the forest. City later dropped the idea.\nIn 2012 a Science Technology Park Belgrade was finished and opened, after being in the construction since 1989. It is located in the east central entry into the park.\nIn July 2017 the city government announced the project of \"Zvezdara promenade\". It is supposed to be the 900 m (3,000 ft) long forested esplanade which would connect the Volgina street and the FC Mladi proleter stadium with the roundabout in the neighborhood of Bogoslovija. The promenade will have small squares and scenic viewpoints. It is part of the wider reconstruction of the area which would cover 35.18 ha (86.9 acres). The project includes the removal or reconstruction of many public buildings and companies but also a possibility of demolition of the small, residential houses with backyards and construction of the 5-storey buildings.", "", "Zvezdara forest is an example of an urban biotope. There are 136 plant species in the forest. Trees are mostly allochtonous and typical for the ruderal habitats. Nine of the tree species are rare, relict, endemic or endangered: American mountain ash, white poplar, cherry tree, birch, Norway maple, European white-elm, walnut tree, field elm and Turkish hazel. The most common tree species in the forest include black locust, black poplar, Canadian poplar, sycamore maple, pedunculate oak, black pine and Scots pine. In 2009 an average tree age was estimated at 50 years.\nHerbaceous plants are typical for this area: sweetscented bedstraw, wood avens, white dead-nettle, yellow archangel, cleavers and blackberries. There are no protected or endangeres species of this type of plants.", "There are three amphibian and four reptilian species in the forest. Amphibians are fire salamander, European green toad and agile frog, while the reptiles include slowworm, European green lizard, common wall lizard and Caspian whipsnake.\nZvezdara forest is inhabited by the 48 bird species, in different protection statuses. There are 21 species of the birds which nest in the protected area, with another 9 species in the rest of the forest. In winter and during the migration, another 9 species settles in the forest. Protected species include common buzzard, tawny owl, long-eared owl, scops owl and little owl. By 2021, a total of 77 species was recorded in the forest, including nightingale, Eurasian blackcap, great tit, common blackbird, and black woodpecker.\nProtected mammal species are northern white-breasted hedgehog (which has been chosen as the symbol of the forest) and European mole.", "Zvedara forest is protected as the natural monument (IUCN Category III), which many consider to be too low level of protection so environmental groups and local population agitate for that to change. The protected area is 80.57 ha (199.1 acres) owned by the state and 87 m² (940 sq ft) of privately owned land.", "Branka Vasiljević (23 March 2015). \"Čišćenje pluća fabrike kiseonika\" (in Serbian). Politika.\nMarko Luković (6 August 2009), \"Zvezdarci čuvaju šumu od plana\", Politika (in Serbian), p. 23\nSlobodan Giša Bogunović (3 September 2011), \"Biodiverzitet na roštilju\", Politika (in Serbian)\n\"Zaštićeno područje \"Zvezdarska šuma\", spomenik prirode\" (in Serbian). JKP Zelenilo-Beograd.\nPolitika daily, July 16, 2007, p.25\nVečernje Novosti daily, April 9, 2007, p.16\nMarko Luković (30 October 2009). \"Strofe i refreni za Zvezdarsku šumu\" (in Serbian). Politika.\nDaliborka Mučibabić (10 July 2017), \"Zvezdarska promenada sa trgovima i vidikovcima\", Politika (in Serbian), p. 14\nStudy of Tawny Owl Strix aluco (Linnaeus 1758) diet from pellet samples collected in Serbia during 2003 and 2004 \nBranka Vasiljević (5 October 2021). Значај станишта за животињски опстанак [Importance of habitats for animal survival]. Politika (in Serbian). p. 16.\nVladimir Vukasović (9 June 2013), \"Prestonica dobija još devet prirodnih dobara\", Politika (in Serbian)", "Media related to Zvezdarska šuma at Wikimedia Commons\nAstronomical Observatory Belgrade\nScience Technology Park Belgrade" ]

[ "Zvezdara Forest", "Location", "Name and history", "Characteristics", "Features", "Wildlife", "Plants", "Animals", "Protection", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360498, 5360499, 5360500 ]

[ 27240156, 27240157, 27240158, 27240159, 27240160, 27240161, 27240162, 27240163, 27240164, 27240165, 27240166, 27240167, 27240168, 27240169, 27240170, 27240171, 27240172, 27240173, 27240174, 27240175, 27240176, 27240177, 27240178 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Village-Zvezdel-Bulgaria.JPG", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Oblast_Kardzhali.png" ]

[ "Zvezdel is a village in Momchilgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.", "\"*** Guide Bulgaria *** - Municipality Momchilgrad\". Guide Bulgaria. Retrieved 2021-05-09." ]

[ "Zvezdel", "References" ]

[ 5360501 ]

[ 27240179 ]

[ "Stankova in 2012" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Zvezdelina_Stankova.jpg" ]

[ "Zvezdelina Entcheva Stankova (Bulgarian: Звезделина Енчева Станкова; born 15 September 1969) is a professor of mathematics at Mills College and a teaching professor at the University of California, Berkeley, the founder of the Berkeley Math Circle, and an expert in the combinatorial enumeration of permutations with forbidden patterns.", "Stankova was born in Ruse, Bulgaria. She began attending the Ruse math circle as a fifth grader in Bulgaria, the same year she learned to solve the Rubik's Cube and began winning regional mathematics competitions. She later wrote of this experience that \"if I was not a member of Ruse SMC I would not be able to make such profound achievements in mathematics\". She became a student at an elite English-language high school, and competed on the Bulgarian team in the International Mathematical Olympiads in 1987 and 1988, earning silver medals both times. She entered Sofia University but in 1989, as the Iron Curtain was falling, became one of 15 Bulgarian students selected to travel to the US to complete their studies.\nStankova studied at Bryn Mawr College, completing bachelor's and master's degrees there in 1992, with Rhonda Hughes as a faculty mentor. While an undergraduate, she participated in a summer research program with Joseph Gallian at the University of Minnesota Duluth, which began her interest in permutation patterns. Next, she went to Harvard University for her doctoral studies, and earned a Ph.D. there in 1997; her dissertation, entitled Moduli of Trigonal Curves, was supervised by Joe Harris.\nShe worked at the University of California, Berkeley as Morrey Assistant Professor of Mathematics before joining the Mills College faculty in 1999, and continues to teach one course per year as a visiting professor at Berkeley. She also serves on the advisory board of the Proof School in San Francisco.", "In the theory of permutation patterns, Stankova is known for proving that the permutations with the forbidden pattern 1342 are equinumerous with the permutations with forbidden pattern 2413, an important step in the enumeration of permutations avoiding a pattern of length 4.\nIn 1998 she became the founder and director of the Berkeley Math Circle, an after-school mathematics enrichment program that Stankova modeled after her early experiences learning mathematics in Bulgaria. The Berkeley circle was only the second math circle in the US (after one in Boston); following its success, over 100 other circles have been created, and Stankova has assisted in the formation of many of them.\nAlso in 1998, she founded the Bay Area Mathematical Olympiad. For six years, she served as a coach of the US International Mathematical Olympiad team.\nSince 2013, she has featured in several videos on the mathematics-themed YouTube channel \"Numberphile\".", "With Tom Rike, she is co-editor of two books about her work with the Berkeley Math Circle, A Decade of the Berkeley Math Circle: The American Experience (Vol. I, 2008, Vol. II, 2014).", "In 1992, Stankova won the Alice T. Schafer Prize of the Association for Women in Mathematics for her undergraduate research in permutation patterns. In 2004 she became one of two inaugural winners of the Henry L. Alder Award for Distinguished Teaching by a Beginning College or University Mathematics Faculty Member.\nIn 2011 Stankova won the Deborah and Franklin Tepper Haimo Award for Distinguished College or University Teaching, given by the Mathematical Association of America, \"for her outstanding work in teaching, mentoring, and inspiring students at all levels, and in leading the development of Math Circles, and promoting participation in mathematics competitions\".\nFrom 2009 to 2012 she was the Frederick A. Rice Professor of Mathematics at Mills.", "\"Zvezdelina Stankova\". Proof School. Archived from the original on 2018-12-09. Retrieved 2016-02-03.\nVigoda, Ralph (October 23, 1991), \"Bulgarian Math Whiz Wows 'Em: Zvezdelina Stankova Already Is Joining The Ranks Of Top Mathematicians. \"She's A Genius,\" Says Bryn Mawr's Head Of Math\", The Philadelphia Inquirer, archived from the original on December 22, 2015.\nWeld, Sarah (April 2014), \"Proving Their Passion: The Berkeley Math Circle gives math kids a place to find solutions—together\", The East Bay Monthly\nRuse Students Mathematical Circle (PDF), Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, retrieved 2016-02-02.\nParticipant record: Zvezdelina Stankova, International Mathematical Olympiad, retrieved 2016-02-02.\n\"Zvezdelina Stankova\", Mathematics Faculty and Staff, Mills College, retrieved 2016-02-01.\nBakke, Katherine (April 6, 2011), \"Zvezdelina Stankova '92 Carries on a Bryn Mawr Tradition: Excellent Teaching in Mathematics\", Meaningful Contributions, Bryn Mawr College.\nThird Annual Alice T. Schafer Prize, Association for Women in Mathematics, July 1992, retrieved 2016-02-02.\nZvezdelina Stankova at the Mathematics Genealogy Project\nKeith, Tamara (February 10, 1999), UC Berkeley mathematicians feed the minds of young local math whizzes, University of California, Berkeley.\n\"Haimo Award Citation: Zvezdelina Stankova\" (PDF), January 2011 Prizes and Awards, American Mathematical Society, p. 4, January 7, 2011.\nStankova's home page at Berkeley, retrieved 2016-02-02.\nBona, Miklos (2012), Combinatorics of Permutations, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications (2nd ed.), CRC Press, pp. 154–155, ISBN 9781439850527.\nVandervelde, Sam (2009), Circle in a Box, MSRI mathematical circles library, vol. 2, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and American Mathematical Society, pp. 4, 34, ISBN 9780821847527.\nBloom, Melanie (October 21, 2013), Moms Everyday: Making Math Fun, 10/11.\nMelendez, Lyanne (February 25, 2011), Mills College professor wins highest math award, ABC7 News.\nNumberphile (2013-12-19), Pebbling a Chessboard - Numberphile, retrieved 2016-08-21\nMSRI Mathematical Circles Library, National Association of Math Circles, retrieved 2016-02-01.\nHenry L. Alder Award, Mathematical Association of America, retrieved 2018-06-08\nCurriculum vitae: Zvezdelina Stankova (PDF), retrieved 2016-02-01", "Zvezdelina Stankova in the Oberwolfach photo collection\nModuli of Trigonal Curves Paper based on PhD thesis." ]

[ "Zvezdelina Stankova", "Biography", "Contributions", "Publications", "Awards and honors", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360502 ]

[ 27240180, 27240181, 27240182, 27240183, 27240184, 27240185, 27240186, 27240187, 27240188, 27240189, 27240190, 27240191, 27240192, 27240193 ]

[ "Grand Zvhiller Rebbe of Monsey", "", "", "" ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Zvhiller_Rebbe_of_Monsey%2C_NY%2C.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Yaakov_Yisroel_Korff.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Zvill.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Grand_Rabbi_Yitzhak_Aharon_Korff_in_his_study.jpg" ]

[ "Zvhil is the name of a Hasidic dynasty, \nwith adherents today in Jerusalem, Boston, and New York.\nThe dynasty originated with Rabbi Moshe of Zvhil, the son of Rabbi Yechiel Michl, the \"Magid of Zlotshev\". \nHe was also the grandson of Rabbi Yitzchok of Drubitsh and Rabbi Aharon of Karlin. \nAs in several inter-related Hasidic dynasties, family tradition held that Rabbi Moshe was a descendant of King David.\nRabbi Moshe died in 1831 and was succeeded by his son Rabbi Yechiel Michl Goldman of Zvhil. The last rebbe to reside in Zvhil was Grand Rabbi Yaakov Yisroel Korff. Rabbi Yaakov Yisroel was also the Tsar-appointed Chief Rabbi of Ukraine.\nThe town of Zvhil (Ukrainian: Zvyahel) is located in Volhynia, in present-day Ukraine. Today it is known as Novohrad-Volynskyi. The Jewish version of the name, Zvhil, instead of Zvyahel can be attributed to the similarity between Zvhil and Zvul (one of the holy names for the ancient Jewish Temple in Hebrew, pronounced 'Zvil' by Ukrainian Jews).", "Rabbi Isaac of Drubitsh (d. 1752)\nRabbi Yechiel Michl, the Maggid of Zlotshev (1726-1781), son of Rabbi Isaac. A disciple of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov, founder of Hasidism.\nRebbe Moshe of Zvhil (died 1831), son of the Maggid of Zlotshev.\nRebbe Yechiel Michl Goldman of Zvhil (1788-1856), son of Rebbe Moshe.\nRabbi Mordechai Goldman of Zvhil (d. 1900), son of Rabbi Yechiel Michel.\nRabbi Yechiel Michl (the Second) of Zvhil (d. 1917), elder son of Rabbi Mordechai.\nRabbi Yaakov Yisrael (Korff)of Zvhil-Mezhbizh in Boston, son of Rabbi Mordechai of Mezhbizh and son-in-law of Rabbi Yechiel Michel (the Second) of Zvhil.\nRabbi Dr. Yitzhak Aharon Korff (Ira A. Korff), Zvhil-Mezhbizh Rebbe of Boston, MA, grandson of Rabbi Yaakov Yisroel, son-in-law of the Shomer Emunim Rebbe, Grand Rabbi Avrohom Chayim Roth of Jerusalem and Bnei Brak (son of Reb Areleh). Chaplain of the City of Boston.\nRabbi Shlomo \"Shlomke\" Goldman of Zvhil-Jerusalem (d. 1945), younger son of Rabbi Mordechai.\nRabbi Gedalia Moshe Goldman of Zvhil-Jerusalem (d. 1950), son of Rabbi Shlomo.\nRabbi Mordechai Goldman (II) of Zvhil (1910-1981), son of Rabbi Gedalia Moshe\nRabbi Avraham Goldman of Zvhil-Jerusalem (1933-2009), son of Rabbi Mordechai\nRabbi Gedalia Moshe Goldman, present Zvhiller Rebbe of Jerusalem, son of Rabbi Avraham\nRabbi Shlomoh Goldman, present Zvhiller Rebbe of Jerusalem, son of Rabbi Avraham\nRabbi Shlomo Goldman, Zvhiller Rebbe of Union City, New Jersey (d. 2017), son of Rabbi Mordechai and son-in-law of Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam of Klausenberg\nRabbi Yaakov Leib Goldman, son of Rabbi Mordechai\nRabbi Yaakov Leib Goldman, Zvhiller Rebbe of Monsey, NY, son of Rabbi Yosef, became Rebbe after the passing of his uncle, the Zvhiller Rebbe of Union City. Also the Magid Shiur of the prominent Chok L'Yisroel Chabura in Monsey, NY.\nRabbi Eliezer Goldman, Zvhiller Rebbe of Monsey, NY, son of Rabbi Yaakov Leib and son-in-law of Rabbi David Twersky of New Square, New York, became Rebbe after the passing of his uncle, the Zvhiller Rebbe of Union City\nRabbi Elazar Adler, Zvhiller Rebbe of Los Angeles (1921 – February 27, 2007), son of Rabbi Yosef Yehoshua Aharon of Lelov, married the daughter of Rebbe Moshe of Blendov (of the Kozhnitz dynasty), whose wife was the daughter of R' Shlomke. Originally of Jerusalem, he emigrated to America in early June 1938 and settled in the West Adams section of Los Angeles, California; later relocating to the Beverly-Fairfax area of West Hollywood.\nLineage The Zvhill-Monsey Dynasty\nRabbi Isaac of Drubitsh (d. 1752)\nRabbi Yechiel Michl, the Maggid of Zlotshev (1726-1781), son of Rabbi Isaac. A disciple of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov, founder of Hasidism.\nRebbe Moshe of Zvhill, son of Rabbi Yechiel Michl.\nRebbe Mechele of Zvhill, son of The Rebbe Moshe\nRebbe Mordechai of Zvhill, son of The Rebbe Mechele\nRebbe Shlomo “Shlomke” of Zvhill, Jerusalem, son of Rebbe  Mordechai\nRebbe Gedalia Moshe of Zvhill, Jerusalem, son of Rebbe Shlomo.\nRebbe Mordechai of Zvhill, Jerusalem, son of Rebbe Gedalia Moshe\nRebbe Yosef of Zvhill, Jerusalem, son of Rebbe Mordechai of Zvhill\nRebbe  Yaakov Leib Goldman Shli”ta, Monsey, son of Rebbe Yosef of Zvhill, Jerusalem", "Medzhibozh (Hasidic dynasty)", "\"Cong Zvhill Monsey\". Cong Zvhill. Retrieved 2019-11-13.\n\"Leadership Lessons: The Zvhiller Rebbe of Monsey\". blogs.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2019-11-13.", "Zvhil of Boston\nZvhill of Monsey" ]

[ "Zvhil (Hasidic dynasty)", "Lineage", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360503, 5360504, 5360505, 5360506 ]

[ 27240194, 27240195, 27240196, 27240197, 27240198, 27240199, 27240200, 27240201, 27240202, 27240203 ]

[ "Zvi Arad (2008)" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Zvi_Arad.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Arad (Hebrew: צבי ארד,16 April 1942, in Petah Tikva, Mandatory Palestine – 4 February 2018, in Petah Tikva, Israel) was an Israeli mathematician, acting president of Bar-Ilan University, and president of Netanya Academic College.", "Zvi Arad began his academic studies in the Mathematics Department of Bar-Ilan University. He received his first degree in 1964 and after army service went on to complete a second and third degree in the Mathematics Department of Tel Aviv University.", "In 1968 Arad joined the academic staff at Bar-Ilan University as an assistant and in 1983 was appointed a full professor. During the years 1978/9 he held the position of Visiting Scientist at the University of Chicago, and from 1982 to 1983 held the position of visiting Professor at the University of Toronto.\nArad held a variety of senior academic posts at Bar-Ilan University. He served as chairman of the Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Rector and President of the University (succeeding Ernest Krausz, and followed by Shlomo Eckstein). Together with Professor Bernard Pinchuk he founded Gelbart Institute, an international research institute named after Abe Gelbart, and the Emmy Noether Institute (Minerva Center). Together with colleagues he established a journal, the Israel Mathematics Conference Proceedings, distributed by the American Mathematical Society (AMS). From 1984–1985 he served as a member of the Council for Higher Education of the State of Israel. In 1982 he was elected a member of Russia's Academy of Natural Sciences.\nFrom 1994 he served on the editorial board of the Algebra Colloquium, a journal of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published by Springer-Verlag. He also serves on the editorial board of various international publications: South East Asian Bulletin of Mathematics of the Asian Mathematical Society, the IMCP of Contemporary Mathematics published by the American Mathematical Society, and the publication Cubo Matemática Educacional, Temuco, Chile.\nHe initiated numerous agreements of cooperation with universities and institutions throughout the world including academic institutes in the former Soviet Union, universities and research centers in America, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Russia, China, South Africa, etc.\nHe was a member of Israel's first official delegation to the former USSR, under the leadership of President Ezer Weizman. In an official address, President Mikhail Gorbachev mentioned Professor Arad's contributions towards the establishment of scientific communications between Israel and the former USSR. In an effort to advance cooperation in research he has headed delegations of scientists to Russia, China, and East Germany.\nHaaretz newspaper (January 21, 1998) described him as one of the pioneers of higher education reform in Israel. The Encyclopaedia Hebraica lists Zvi Arad as \"fulfilling a key role in the development and advancement of Bar-Ilan University and in the establishment of the University's regional colleges in Safed, Ashkelon and the Jordan Valley).\" For this achievement he was awarded a certificate of honor by the mayor of each city. The establishment of these colleges began in 1985 and went on to affect the whole of Israel. These colleges advanced the Galilee and Southern Israel and brought higher education to the peripheries of Israel.", "In 1994, at the request of the mayors of the city of Netanya, Yoel Elroi and Zvi Poleg, Arad established the Netanya Academic College. He served as president of the college for 24 years. A partner in the initiation and establishment of the college was Miriam Feirberg, who at that time served as head of the Education Department of the City of Netanya. Today the college is an accredited institute of higher education that grant first and second academic degrees in a variety of fields.", "Together with his colleague Professor Marcel Herzog, Arad wrote Products of Conjugacy Classes, published by Springer-Verlag. The book facilitated the basis of the establishment of mathematical theory and today forms part of the branch of abstract algebra known as Table Algebras, and is attached to central branches in mathematics: Graph theory, algebra combinations, and theory presentation. Arad coauthored two other books on the subject of table algebra. In 2000 his book was published in the series American Mathematical Society Memoirs and in January 2002 another book on table algebras was published in the international publication, Springer. Arad was the editor of Contemporary Mathematics, Volume 402.", "Education in Israel", "For 11-year-old Math Prodigy, 2 Plus 2 Equals 'Super-gifted'\n\"Bar-Ilan Presidents | Bar Ilan University\". .biu.ac.il. Retrieved 2020-02-15.\n\"Bar-Ilan Presidents | Bar Ilan University\". .biu.ac.il. Retrieved 2020-02-18.\n\"Professor Zvi Arad passes away\". Israel National News. Retrieved 19 February 2018.", "Profile Netanya Academic College\nZvi Arad Dun's 100 (in Hebrew)" ]

[ "Zvi Arad", "Biography", "Academic career", "Netanya Academic College", "Published works", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360507 ]

[ 27240204, 27240205, 27240206, 27240207, 27240208, 27240209, 27240210, 27240211, 27240212, 27240213, 27240214 ]

[ "The Breslov yeshiva and synagogue in Mea Shearim, Jerusalem, built in 1953" ]

[ 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Breslov_Yeshiva.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Aryeh Benzion Rosenfeld (1922 – 11 December 1978) was an American rabbi and educator credited with introducing Breslov Hasidism to the United States. Teaching children, teens, and adults in New York City for nearly three decades, he inspired a large percentage of his students from non-religious and Modern Orthodox homes to become religious, and also acquainted them with the teachings of the 19th-century Hasidic master Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. He led the first official group of American Breslovers to Rebbe Nachman's grave in Uman, Ukraine, in 1963, and arranged for the first English translation of two key Breslov texts, Shivchei HaRan and Sichot HaRan. He was also an active supporter of the Breslov community in Israel, raising charity funds on behalf of needy families and the majority of funds for the construction of the Breslov Yeshiva in the Mea Shearim neighborhood of Jerusalem.", "Zvi Aryeh Rosenfeld was born in 1922 in Gdynia, Poland, to Rabbi Yisrael Abba Rosenfeld and his wife Liba Leah. His great-grandfather was Rabbi Aharon Goldstein, the Rav of the town of Breslov; he was also a descendant of Rabbi Shmuel Yitzchok Rosenfeld, the Rav of Tcherin. Both ancestors were prominent followers of Rebbe Nachman. At the age of six months he contracted diphtheria, then a serious childhood illness, and the name Benzion was appended to his name as a prayer for his recovery. \nIn 1924, Rosenfeld immigrated to the United States with his parents, settling in Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York. \nHe was a student at Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin for elementary school and Yeshiva Torah Vodaas for high school. \nHe then learned at Yeshivas Bais Yosef-Novardok, where he became a study partner of the son of the rosh yeshiva, Rabbi Avraham Yoffen. After completing the entire Talmud for the second time at the age of 23, Rosenfeld received semicha (rabbinical ordination) from Yoffen. \nFour years later, he received semicha from Rabbi Avraham Sternhartz, leader of the Breslov Hasidim in Jerusalem, who tested him on his knowledge of Talmud, Midrash, Shulchan Aruch, Zohar, and Kabbalah. \nHe also completed a course in accounting.", "After his marriage in 1946, Rosenfeld studied Torah in the mornings and taught in a Talmud Torah in the afternoons. He prepared boys for their bar mitzvahs; among his students were the two sons of Rabbi Yechezkel Kahana, the Talmud Torah principal: Meir and Nachman. Rosenfeld also served as rabbi of the Young Israel of Coney Island.\nIn 1947 his father died and Rosenfeld assumed his charitable activities, which included fundraising for the small Breslov community in Israel. Rosenfeld began corresponding with Rabbi Sternhartz, and visited him in Israel for the first time in 1949. At that time, he expressed his wish to live in the Breslov community in Israel, but Sternhartz urged him to continue as a teacher in America, telling him \"that the merit of saving one Jewish soul was worth more than the merit of living in Israel\". Imbued with a sense of purpose, Rosenfeld moved his family to the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, which then had a largely non-religious Jewish community, and continued teaching at the Talmud Torah of the Shaarei Tefillah synagogue run by Rabbi Kahana for 15 years. \nThrough his teaching and personal example, Rosenfeld inspired a large percentage of his students from non-religious and Modern Orthodox homes to become religious. Dozens of boys transferred from public school to yeshiva, and Rosenfeld arranged for children to attend religious summer camps. A group of boys aged 9 to 15 spent each Shabbat together in the synagogue and came to his house on Shabbat afternoon to hear a lesson from him. Some parents were resistant and even hostile to Rosenfeld's outreach efforts, accusing him of \"brainwashing\" and \"kidnapping\" their children, but he persevered.\nRosenfeld also taught Sephardic students at the Magen David day school in Bensonhurst, and gave classes at the two main synagogues for the Syrian Jewish community, Shaarei Tzion and Achiezer. Teaching halacha according to the Sephardic tradition and reading the Torah with the Sephardic accent, Rosenfeld became a mentor to these Americanized, second-generation Syrian Jewish youth.", "Rosenfeld concurrently introduced his students to the teachings of the 19th-century Hasidic master, Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. At the time, very few people in America had even heard of Rebbe Nachman. Rosenfeld is credited with introducing Breslov Hasidism to the United States. Students of Rosenfeld, both Ashkenazic and Sephardic, became the Breslov teachers of the next generation in America and Israel.\nIn addition to giving thousands of classes to English-speaking students, Rosenfeld arranged for the first English translation of two key Breslov texts, Shivchei HaRan and Sichot HaRan. He tapped Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan to do the translation and he edited the finished work, which was published under the title Rebbe Nachman's Wisdom.\nSince the end of World War II, the grave of Rebbe Nachman, in the city of Uman, Ukraine, had been an impossible to reach goal for Breslovers living outside the Soviet Union. The Soviets had turned the city into a closed military zone that was off-limits to foreign visitors. With the help of a travel agent who had connections to Soviet chairman Nikita Khrushchev, Rosenfeld led the first official group of American Breslovers to Uman in December 1963. He returned with other groups of students in 1966 and 1967, and visited the grave another 13 times before his death. Uman was eventually opened to foreigners after the fall of communism in 1989.\nRosenfeld was an active supporter of the Breslov community in Israel. He collected charity funds to support needy Breslov families there, and was the major contributor of funds for the building of the Breslov Yeshiva in the Mea Shearim neighborhood of Jerusalem.", "Rosenfeld married Tzipporah Faivelson in 1946. They had four children.", "Rosenfeld visited the Breslov community in Israel every year and eventually wanted to reside there himself. When he was diagnosed with cancer at the age of 56, he moved to Jerusalem to spend his remaining months. He arrived in the summer of 1978 and died on 11 December that year (11 Kislev 5739).\nRosenfeld recorded more than 1,000 lectures on Talmud, Halacha, Kabbalah and Hasidic teachings. These recordings have been archived online by his son-in-law, Rabbi Nasan Maimon.\nIn 1979, one year after Rosenfeld's death, his son-in-law, Chaim Kramer, established the Breslov Research Institute to continue the effort to translate and publish Breslov teachings in English.", "Kramer 1989, p. 447.\nGelbach, Sharon (November 14, 2018). \"Like His Own Children\". Mishpacha (735). Retrieved December 19, 2018.\nFleer 2005, p. 17.\nKatz 2017, p. 5.\nFleer 2005, p. 18.\nKatz 2017, p. 6.\nSears, Rabbi Dovid (January 9, 2008). \"Breslov in America (Part 2)\". A Simple Jew. Retrieved December 18, 2018.\nKramer 1989, p. 448.\nFleer 2005, p. 19.\nFleer 2005, p. 39.\nBresky, Ben (October 25, 2016). \"When a Rabbi's Grave Became the Site of an International Incident\". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved December 18, 2018.\nKatz 2017, p. 7.\nFleer 2005, p. 20.\n\"Rabbi Rosenfeld z\"l course list\". BreslovTorah.com. 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.\nBesser, Yisroel (12 May 2010). \"Breslov Revisited\". Mishpacha (308): 30–40.", "Fleer, Gedaliah (2005). Against All Odds. Breslov Research Institute. ISBN 978-1-928822-05-9.\nKatz, Rabbi Shlomo, ed. (2017). Rebbe Nachman's Soul: A commentary on Sichos HaRan from the classes of Rabbi Zvi Aryeh Rosenfeld, z\"l. Vol. 1. Breslov Research Institute. ISBN 978-1-944-731-00-7.\nKramer, Chaim (1989). Crossing the Narrow Bridge: A practical guide to Rebbe Nachman's teachings. Breslov Research Institute. ISBN 0-930213-40-8." ]

[ "Zvi Aryeh Rosenfeld", "Early life and education", "Teaching career", "Activities on behalf of Breslov Hasidism", "Personal life", "Later life and legacy", "References", "Sources" ]

[ 5360508 ]

[ 27240215, 27240216, 27240217, 27240218, 27240219, 27240220, 27240221, 27240222, 27240223, 27240224, 27240225, 27240226, 27240227, 27240228, 27240229, 27240230 ]

[ "", "Zvi Bar (left) during Yom Kippur War" ]

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[ "Zvi Bar, (Hebrew: צבי בר; born October 8, 1935 in Kfar Yona) is a retired Israeli military officer, police official, and politician. After serving in a variety of military and police command positions, Bar served as the fourth mayor of the Israeli city of Ramat Gan between 1989 and 2013.", "Bar was born in Kfar Yona during the Mandate era to parents of Kurdish Jewish origin. His father changed the family name from Barazani to Bar at the recommendation of David Ben-Gurion. Bar studied at the Tcherniovsky high school in Netanya. In 1954, Bar joined the Israel Defense Forces as a combat soldier in the Givati Brigade, and became an officer. Following the Suez Crisis, he joined the Paratroopers Brigade. After Yoav Shaham, the commander of Battalion 202 of the Paratroopers Brigade was killed in action during the Samu Incident in 1966, Bar was appointed to replace him.\nBar fought as the commander of Paratrooper Battalion 202 during the Six-Day War, participating in combat operations in Gaza City. In 1968, he participated in the Battle of Karameh. He later served as the deputy commander of the 275th brigade and as commander of the ID school of officer training. In October 1973, one day before the Yom Kippur War broke out, he was appointed commander of the 820th Brigade, which was positioned on the Golan Heights, and commanded that brigade through the war. He later testified before the Agranat Commission, an Israeli government investigation of failures that occurred during that war. He was then transferred to the Armored Corps and commanded the 166th Brigade, which was based in northern Israel.\nBar attended staff college in Israel and France, and completed a BA in political science from Bar-Ilan University in 1976. After completing his degree, he joined the Israel Police, and was appointed deputy commander of the Border Police. In January 1977, he was promoted to the rank of Major. In 1983 he was appointed head of the police operations department and served in this position until 1985.", "Bar was elected mayor of Ramat Gan in 1989. He came to the Israeli public's attention, and garnered approval and support, because of his leadership and morale-building when Ramat Gan was subjected to Iraqi Scud missiles during the Desert Storm operation. Bar was re-elected as in four consecutive elections – in 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008. His fourth term ended in 2013.", "In 2004, Bar was questioned by police on allegations that he and mayor of neighboring Tel Aviv Ron Huldai engaged in corruption. In April 2011 the Ministry of Justice decided to indict Bar, along with five other real estate developers, for bribery and money laundering. In June 2015, Bar was sentenced to 5.5 years in prison. After an appeal of the verdict, his sentence was reduced to three years by the Israeli Supreme Court. Bar began serving his sentence at Maasiyahu Prison on February 1, 2017.", "Zvi Bar is married to Riva, with whom he has three children.", "List of Israeli public officials convicted of crimes or misdemeanors", "http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_Heb/SharedView.Article.aspxparm=QiW%2B8AthObRCvAghMk9zR%2FIT2VcJZfcrWpCef3KLN9JODBqPeDqPRZZ8fxhuAY80Yw%3D%3D&mode=image&href=DAV%2f1977%2f01%2f19&page=6&rtl=true\nFriedman, Ron (26 April 2011). \"Ramat Gan mayor to be indicted on corruption charges\". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 May 2011. Bar (76) was first elected mayor in 1989 and since then was elected again in 1993,1998, 2003 and 2008.\nYitzhak, Yoav (13 June 2004). \"Police to recruit state witnesses against TA, Ramat Gan mayors\". Globes. Retrieved 13 May 2011.\nYoaz, Yuval (26 April 2011). \"Ramat Gan mayor to be indicted for bribery\". Globes. Retrieved 13 May 2011. The charges against Bar relate to incidents in 2003-08. According to evidence held by the State Prosecutor, Bar accepted bribes from five real estate developers in four different cases to promote the projects, as well as money laundering. One of the developers is also accused of forgery and obstruction of justice. The Ministry of Justice said that the decision to indict Bar and the five developers followed a complex and widespread investigation by the Israel Police National Fraud Unit headed by Superintendent Yael Harel.\nSternman, Adiv (4 Jun 2015). \"Former Ramat Gan mayor sentenced to 5.5 years in prison\". Times of Israel. Retrieved 17 Nov 2015.\nhttp://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART2/860/857.html", "Zvi Bar Ramat Gan Municipality" ]

[ "Zvi Bar", "Biography", "Political career", "Corruption case", "Personal life", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360509 ]

[ 27240231, 27240232, 27240233, 27240234, 27240235, 27240236, 27240237, 27240238, 27240239 ]

[ "Zvi Dershowitz in 2014", "Dershowitz leads services at the Twin Towers Correctional Facility and the Men's Central Jail in Los Angeles on September 21, 2000, shortly before Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish New Year).", "Dershowitz delivers a speech to Sinai Temple's Men's Club in 2012" ]

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[ "Zvi Dershowitz (born May 4, 1928) is an American rabbi, and is currently Rabbi Emeritus at Sinai Temple in Los Angeles.", "Dershowitz was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia in 1928. In 1938, just 33 days before the Nazis invaded, Dershowitz fled the country with his family (when he was just 10 years old). On February 2, 1939, Zvi emigrated to New York City along with his parents, Aaron and Ruth, and sister Lili. They settled in Brooklyn, in the Williamsburg neighborhood. There, he learned English, attended Mesivta Torah Vodaath, and became ordained as an Orthodox rabbi in 1953. However, throughout his life, Dershowitz affiliated with Conservative Judaism, and to this day considers himself a Conservative rabbi.\nIn 1949, Dershowitz spent a year studying in Jerusalem, where he helped Jewish refugees from Yemen and elsewhere in the newly established State of Israel. Dershowitz met his wife Tova while recruiting in Ithaca, New York for Camp Soleil. They married in 1953.", "Dershowitz later became rabbi at Temple Beth Shalom in Kansas City, Missouri before moving to St. Paul, Minnesota where he became a rabbi at the Temple of Aaron. He later went on to direct many Jewish summer camps, including Herzl Camp in Wisconsin from 1954 to 1961, Camp Alonim/Brandeis-Bardin Institute (BCI) in Simi Valley, CA, from 1961 to 1963, and directed Camp Ramah in California for 10 years, from 1963 to 1973, making him the longest serving director in that camp's history.\nIn 1973, Dershowitz became associate rabbi at Sinai Temple. He would remain in that role for 25 years before becoming the synagogue's Rabbi Emeritus in 1998. He also served as the synagogue's interim head rabbi on many occasions, including the year before Rabbi David Wolpe was hired. In his tenure at Sinai, he helped Iranian Jews who were fleeing their country get entry to the United States in 1979. Dershowitz is credited with welcoming them to the community and helping them adjust to life in America. An immigrant himself, Dershowitz said, \"I believe every Jew is responsible for every other Jew.\" Dershowitz is also credited with serving the congregation well in times of crisis. He retired after 25 years of serving on the pulpit, and currently serves as the congregation's Rabbi Emeritus, thereby making him the longest serving rabbi in Sinai Temple's history. Dershowitz continues to work with bar/bat Mitzvah students at the synagogue, and also conducts life cycle events including baby namings, weddings, and funerals.\nFor many years, Dershowitz also served as the chaplain from the local Board of Rabbis of Southern California to the Los Angeles jail system.", "Dershowitz is related to Harvard Law professor Alan Dershowitz. Dershowitz and his late wife Tova have four children, nine grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.", "Honoring Rabbi Zvi Dershowitz -- Hon. Brad Sherman (Extensions of Remarks - June 4, 2013), Congressional Record, 113th Congress (2013-2014), page E781.\n\"Complete History.\" Herzl Camp (accessed 2014-10-22).\nJulie G. Fax, \"Class Notes: Camp Ramah celebrates Golden Anniversary\", The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles, November 30, 2006.\nTom Tugend, \"Wolpe Reaches Sinai\", The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles, July 24, 1997.\nRabbi welcomes Iranian Jews\nhttp://jewishrefugees.blogspot.com/2007/04/beverly-hills-rabbi-fought-for.html\nSinai Temple Leadership (retrieved October 10, 2014).\nMichael Aushenker, \"A New Year for Everyone: Making sure that Jewish inmates are not excluded from holiday participation.\" The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles, September 28, 2000.\nGreer Fay Cashman (December 25, 2009). \"The Dershowitz dynasty\"." ]

[ "Zvi Dershowitz", "Early life", "Career", "Personal life", "References" ]

[ 5360510, 5360511, 5360512 ]

[ 27240240, 27240241, 27240242, 27240243, 27240244, 27240245, 27240246, 27240247 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Zvi_Dinstein_1965-06-30.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Dinstein (Hebrew: צבי דינשטיין; 24 July 1926 – 10 April 2012) was an Israeli civil servant and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment and Labor Party between 1965 and 1974.", "Born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era, Dinstein studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and later at the University of Geneva, where he gained a PhD. Between 1948 and 1952 he worked with immigration and arms procurement in Europe, and was head of the Ministry of Defense delegation to the continent. Between 1952 and 1954 he served as deputy director of the Development Authority, before working as director of the Foreign Assistance and Foreign Currency departments of the Ministry of Finance until 1956. In 1960 he became chairman and president of the Israeli Petroleum and Energy Institute, remaining in post until 1989. From 1962 until 1964 he was director of the Investment Authority.\nIn 1965 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list, and on 6 December 1966 was appointed Deputy Minister of Defense. He lost the post on 5 June the following year, but on 24 July was appointed Deputy Minister of Finance. He was re-elected in 1969 and remained Deputy Finance Minister until losing his seat in the 1973 elections.\nFrom 1972 until 1977 he chaired the board of directors of the Development and Industrial Bank, before becoming an economic attaché to North America, a post he held until 1979. In 1980 he became chairman of the Balfour Centre for Energy Research, and in 1990 became chairman of the Vita-Yizhar company. He has also been a member of the board of directors at the Weizmann Institute, Tel Aviv University and the Hebrew University.", "Zvi Dinstein Knesset website", "Zvi Dinstein on the Knesset website" ]

[ "Zvi Dinstein", "Biography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360513 ]

[ 27240248, 27240249, 27240250, 27240251 ]

[ "Zvi Elpeleg at the wedding of his young brother, Yerach" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Elpeleg (1926 – 27 June 2015) was an academic, author, and a senior researcher at the Dayan Institute at Tel Aviv University. Born in Poland, Elpeleg served as a colonel in the Israeli army and later received an ambassadorial appointment.\nElpeleg was born in 1926 in Baranow, Poland to his parents Rivka (née Zayfntreger) and Yosef Elphlang. His father was a carpenter and his mother a house wife. Elpeleg was the second of four siblings: Hadasa (1924), David (1928) and Yerachmiel (1929). In 1934 the family came to Israel and settled in the Makabi-Tzrifim neighbourhood in Jaffa. Following David Ben-Gurion instruction that officers should change their family name to a Hebrew one, Elpeleg changed his name from Elphlang to Elpeleg.\nIn the mid-1950s Elpeleg was the military governor of the Triangle and from 1956 to 1957 the military governor of Gaza. He became Israel's first military governor of the West Bank in 1967. He would repeat the role during the Israeli occupation of the Fayid region in Egypt in 1973, and again in occupied South Lebanon in 1982.\nHe served as Israel's ambassador to Turkey from 1995 to 1997.\nHe entered academia as an Arabist and, since 1972, he has been attached as senior researcher to the Dayan Institute. He has authored a biography of Haj Amin al-Husseini, which is considered one of the standard works on the man.\nZvi Elpeleg served as chairman of the Turkey-Israel Friendship Association and was appointed Turkey's honorary consul to Tel Aviv by the former Turkish president Süleyman Demirel in gratitude for the role he played in overseeing Israeli IDF Aid for Turkish Earthquake Victims in August 1999.\nHe was married to the poet Michal Snunit. Elpeleg died on 27 June 2015.", "Teitelbaum, Sheldon (January 2000). \"One on One: Portrait of Michal Snunit\". Hasassah Magazine. Archived from the original on 2004-09-06. Retrieved 2008-01-04.\nElpeleg, Zvi (2002). \"Respect their philosophy of survival (end note bio)\". Bitterlemons.org / Media monitors. Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2008-06-22.\nHerz, Dietmar; Jetzlsperger, Christian; Ahlborn, Kai, eds. (2003). Der israelisch-palästinensische Konflikt: Hintergründe, Dimensionen und Perspektiven. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 227. ISBN 3-515-08259-X.\nFisk, Robert (2001-06-01). \"Obituary: Faisal Husseini\". The Independent (London).\nNachmani, Amikam (2003). Turkey: Facing a New Millennium : Coping With Intertwined Conflicts. Manchester University Press. pp. 209. ISBN 0-7190-6370-1.\nZvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement, Frank Cass Publishers, 1991. ISBN 0-7146-4100-6.\n\"Today's Zaman\". Today's Zaman. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-02-07.\n\"Israeli IDF Aid for Turkish Earthquake Victims\". Israeli Foreign Ministry. 1999.\n\"In Memory of Dr. Zvi Elpeleg\". Tel Aviv University. Archived from the original on August 13, 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.", "Zvi Elpeleg, Why was 'Independent Palestine' Never Created in 1948 ?, published in The Jerusalem Quarterly, 50, Spring 1989, retrieved from Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs website, 6 January 2008." ]

[ "Zvi Elpeleg", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360514 ]

[ 27240252, 27240253, 27240254, 27240255 ]

[ "Zvi Gabbay" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Zvi_Gabbay.jpg" ]

[ "Dr. Zvi Gabbay is a partner and the Head of the Capital Markets and Financial Regulation Department at the Barnea & Co. law firm. Prior to this, Dr. Gabbay served as the Head of Enforcement and a member of management at the Israel Securities Authority (ISA).", "Upon completing his military service as an officer and combatant in the Nahal Infantry Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces, Gabbay studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning his LL.B. He went on to receive his Master of Laws degree (LL.M) magna cum laude from Bar-Ilan University. Gabbay continued his studies in New York at Columbia University, where he earned a second Master of Laws degree summa cum laude in 2004.\nDuring his studies, Gabbay worked as a teaching assistant, as well as took part in the mediation clinic at Columbia University. After receiving his second LL.M., Gabbay continued his academic studies at Columbia University, earning a Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D.) in 2006. His research focused on alternatives to the criminal justice system, based on analyses of administrative law, disciplinary hearings, and restorative justice.", "Gabbay served as a member of the committee assembled by former Minister of Justice Yaakov Neeman, and headed by then Deputy Attorney-General (criminal matters) Raz Nazari, which re-examined the issue of corporate criminal liability. The committee published a memorandum for the draft bill Criminal Liability for Corporations Law (2014).\nGabbay is currently a member of the board of governors of the International Institute for Restorative Practices (IIRP) Europe.\nGabbay is also a member of the board of governors of Amutat Kedem, an Israeli NPO that engages in conciliatory processes using family group conferences and restorative justice to help children at-risk youth, and youth offenders.\nDuring his residence in the United States, Gabbay engaged in volunteer work, mediating more than 50 cases in the various courts in New York. He also served as a moderator and mediator in the Community Impact Panel program, which convened at the Midtown Community Court in Manhattan. Gabbay volunteers as a mediator in business disputes in Israeli courts.", "Gabbay began his legal career as a prosecutor in the Tel Aviv District Attorney’s Office (Criminal Department). There he managed all stages of criminal cases, from investigations, trials, and rulings through to appeals. Upon completing his studies in New York, Gabbay joined the international law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP. During his tenure at the firm, Gabbay focused on representing private and business clients undergoing internal investigations, working in collaboration with the firm’s civil litigation department. He also engaged in pro bono representation of clients in civil and criminal courts.\nGabbay returned to Israel in 2008 and was appointed the Head of Enforcement and a member of management at the Israel Securities Authority (ISA). As Head of Enforcement, Gabbay handled the interfaces between the regulatory arm of the ISA and the enforcement powers it wields. In this context, he engaged in legislative initiatives and in forging new regulations. Gabbay was also part of the lean team that drove the enactment of the Administrative Enforcement Law.\nIn 2011, Gabbay left the ISA and became a partner at the Gornitzky and Co. law firm. Two years later, in 2013, he resigned and founded a boutique capital markets law firm: Adini, Berger, Gabbay.\nIn 2016, Gabbay joined Barnea & Co. as a partner and department head. Gabbay provides assistance and legal counsel to public companies and investment houses in Israel on issues involving the capital market and corporate governance. Gabbay also represents clients before various enforcement bodies in relation to investigations and administrative inquiries.", "Gabbay was a guest lecturer at the College of Law and Business, where he taught a seminar on white collar crime. He has also lectured at both the School of Law at the College of Management and the School of Law at Columbia University on mediation and negotiations.", "Administrative Enforcement of Israeli Securities Laws, Bursi Publishing House", "Zvi Gabbay, Regulation of Digital Coins, The Marker (in Hebrew) website, August 28, 2017. \nZvi Gabbay, \"Who knew: Mobileye-Intel Corp. Deal\", Calcalist (in Hebrew) website, April 19, 2017\nZvi Gabbay and Sapir Malul, “Hedge Funds Don’t Need Regulating,” The Marker (in Hebrew) website, July 5, 2016 \n“Where is the Money,” 103fm (in hebrew), June 20, 2017 \nChannel 2 News, Mako (in hebrew), June 20, 2017\n\"Decentralized Finance (DeFi) –The Future of Finance?\", Zvi Gabbay in Barnea Blog, October 15, 2020", "\"עו\"ד ד\"ר צבי גבאי\". ברנע. Retrieved 2021-08-17.\nStaff, IIRP. \"Zvi Gabbay, Esq., J.S.D.\" www.iirp.edu. Retrieved 2017-09-06.\nRestorative Works. Canada: International Institute for Restorative Practices. 2013. pp. 13, 55.\n\"The Legal 500 > Barnea & Co > Tel Aviv, ISRAEL > Lawyer profiles > Adv Dr Zvi Gabbay\". www.legal500.com. Retrieved 2017-09-06.\n\"Teva minor player in alleged US price fixing - Globes English\". Globes (in Hebrew). 25 December 2016. Retrieved 2017-09-06. Dr. Zvi Gabbay, formerly responsible for enforcement in the Israel Securities Authority\n\"ACCI\". www.kahollavan.co.il. Retrieved 2017-09-06.\n\"Inappropriately expand Israel Securities Authority's authority\". www.gornitzky.com. 2 December 2012. Retrieved 2017-09-06.\n\"Zvi Gabbay, Capital Markets | Barnea & Co\". Barnea & Co. Retrieved 2017-09-06.\n\"A new book published by Dr. Zvi Gabbay\". www.gornitzky.com. Retrieved 2017-09-06." ]

[ "Zvi Gabbay", "Education", "Public Activities", "Career", "Academic lectures", "Books", "External links", "References" ]

[ 5360515 ]

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[ "Galil in 2010" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Zvi_Galil_2010.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Galil (Hebrew: צבי גליל; born June 26, 1947) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and mathematician. Galil served as the President of Tel Aviv University from 2007 through 2009. From 2010 to 2019, he was the dean of the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing. His research interests include the design and analysis of algorithms, computational complexity and cryptography. He has been credited with coining the terms stringology and sparsification. He has published over 200 scientific papers and is listed as an ISI highly cited researcher.", "Zvi Galil was born in Tel Aviv in Mandatory Palestine in 1947. He completed both his B.Sc. (1970) and his M.Sc. (1971) in applied mathematics, both summa cum laude, at Tel Aviv University before earning his Ph.D. in Computer Science at Cornell in 1975 under the supervision of John Hopcroft. He then spent a year working as a post-doctorate researcher at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York.", "From 1976 until 1995 he worked in the computer science department of Tel Aviv University, serving as its chair from 1979 to 1982. In 1982 he joined the faculty of Columbia University, serving as the chair of the Computer Science Department from 1989-1994. From 1995-2007, he served as the dean of the Fu Foundation School of Engineering & Applied Science. In this position, he oversaw the naming of the school in honor of Chinese businessman Z. Y. Fu after a large donation was given in his name. At Columbia, he was appointed the Julian Clarence Levi Professor of Mathematical Methods and Computer Science in 1987, and the Morris and Alma A. Schapiro Dean of Engineering in 1995.\nGalil served as the President of Tel Aviv University starting in 2007 (following Itamar Rabinovich), but resigned and returned to the faculty in 2009, and was succeeded by Joseph Klafter. He was named as the dean of Georgia Tech's College of Computing on April 9, 2010. At Georgia Tech, together with Udacity founder Sebastian Thrun, Galil conceived of the College of Computing’s Online Master of Science in Computer Science (OMSCS) program, and he led the faculty creation of the program. OMSCS went on to become the largest online master’s program in computer science in the United States. OMSCS has been featured in hundreds of articles including a 2013 front page article in the New York Times and 2021 interviews in the Wall Street Journal and Forbes. Inside Higher Education noted that OMSCS \"suggests that institutions can successfully deliver high-quality, low-cost degrees to students at scale\". The Chronicle of Higher Education noted that OMSCS \"may have the best chance of changing how much students pay for a traditional degree\". Galil stepped down as dean and returned to a regular faculty position in June 2019. He now serves as the Frederick G. Storey Chair in Computing and Executive Advisor to Online Programs at Georgia Tech.", "In 1982, Galil founded the Columbia University Theory Day and organized the event for the first 15 years. It still exists as the New York Area Theory Day. From 1983 to 1987, Galil served as the chairman of ACM SIGACT, an organization that promotes research in theoretical computer science. He served as managing editor of SIAM Journal on Computing from 1991 to 1997 and editor in chief of Journal of Algorithms from 1988 to 2003.", "Galil's research is in the areas of algorithms, particularly string and graph algorithms, complexity, cryptography and experimental design. Among his most highly cited work are the following:\nGabber, O.; Galil, Z. (1981). \"Explicit constructions of linear-sized superconcentrators\". Journal of Computer and System Sciences. 22 (3): 407–420. doi:10.1016/0022-0000(81)90040-4.\nGabow, H. N.; Galil, Z.; Spencer, T.; Tarjan, R. E. (1986). \"Efficient algorithms for finding minimum spanning trees in undirected and directed graphs\". Combinatorica. 6 (2): 109–122. doi:10.1007/BF02579168. S2CID 35618095.\nGalil, Z. (1986). \"Efficient algorithms for finding maximum matching in graphs\". ACM Computing Surveys. 18 (1): 23–38. doi:10.1145/6462.6502. S2CID 207746409.\nGalil, Z.; Park, K. (1989). \"Automata, Languages and Programming\". Proceedings of 16th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 372. Springer-Verlag. pp. 394–404. doi:10.1007/BFb0035772. ISBN 978-3-540-51371-1.", "In 1995, Galil was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery for \"fundamental contributions to the design and analysis of algorithms and outstanding service to the theoretical computer science community,\" and in 2004, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for \"contributions to the design and analysis of algorithms and for leadership in computer science and engineering.\" In 2005, he was selected as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2008, Columbia University established the Zvi Galil award for student life. In 2009, the Columbia Society of Graduates awarded him the Great Teacher Award. In 2012, The University of Waterloo awarded Galil with an honorary Doctor of Mathematics degree for his \"fundamental contributions in the areas of graph algorithms and string matching.\" In 2020, Academic Influence included Galil in the list of the 10 most influential computer scientists of the last decade, and the advisory board of the College of Computing at Georgia Tech raised over $2 million from over 130 donors to establish an endowed chair named after Galil.", "Eppstein, David; Italiano, Giuseppe F. (March 1999). \"PREFACE: Festschrift for Zvi Galil\". Journal of Complexity. 15 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1006/jcom.1998.0492.\nZvi Galil at the Mathematics Genealogy Project\n\"Institute names next College of Computing Dean\" (Press release). Georgia Institute of Technology. 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2010-04-09.\n\"Introduction to Stringology\". The Prague Stringology Club. Czech Technical University in Prague. Retrieved May 14, 2012.\nZvi, Galil; David Eppstein; Giuseppe F. Italiano; Amnon Nissenzweig (September 1997). \"Sparsification - a technique for speeding up dynamic graph algorithms\". Journal of the ACM. 44 (5): 669–696. doi:10.1145/265910.265914. S2CID 340999.\n\"Zvi Galil\". The DBLP Computer Science Bibliography. Digital Bibliography & Library Project. Retrieved 2016-03-24.\n\"ISI Highly Cited Researchers Version 1.1: Zvi Galil\". ISI Web of Knowledge. Retrieved 2011-06-27.\n\"Zvi Galil Named Dean of Columbia's Engineering School\" (Press release). Columbia University. July 14, 1995. Retrieved 2019-06-05.\nMcCaughey, Robert (2014). A Lever Long Enough: A History of Columbia's School of Engineering and Applied Science since 1864. Columbia University Press. p. 240. ISBN 9780231166881.\nArenson, Karen W. (1997-10-01). \"Chinese Tycoon Gives Columbia $26 Million\". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-20.\n\"Computer expert nominated for TAU presidency\". The Jerusalem Post. November 5, 2006.\nBasch_Interactive (1980-01-01). \"Presidents of Tel Aviv University | Tel Aviv University | Tel Aviv University\". English.tau.ac.il. Retrieved 2020-02-18.\nIlani, Ofri; Kashti, Or (2009-07-02). \"Tel Aviv University president quits / Sources: Galil was forced out of office\". Haaretz. Retrieved 2011-06-27.\nLewin, Tamar (August 13, 2013). \"Master's Degree Is New Frontier of Study Online\". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-10-09.\nGalil, Zvi. \"OMSCS: The Revolution Will Be Digitized\". cacm.acm.org. Retrieved 2020-07-27.\nLewin, Tamar (2013-08-18). \"Master's Degree Is New Frontier of Study Online\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-01.\nVaradarajan, Tunku (2021-04-02). \"Opinion | The Man Who Made Online College Work\". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2021-11-01.\nNietzel, Michael T. \"Georgia Tech's Online MS In Computer Science Continues To Thrive. Why That's Important For The Future of MOOCs\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-03-25.\n\"Analysis shows Georgia Tech's online master's in computer science expanded access | Inside Higher Ed\". www.insidehighered.com. Retrieved 2022-03-25.\n\"What Georgia Tech's Online Degree in Computer Science Means for Low-Cost Programs\". www.chronicle.com. Retrieved 2022-03-25.\n\"College's Skyrocketing Stature, Global Impact Highlight Galil's Legacy\". Georgia Tech College of Computing. April 16, 2019. Retrieved 2019-06-05.\n\"Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine, Vol. 95 No. 3, Fall 2019\". Issuu. Retrieved 2020-04-21.\n\"New York Area Theory Day\". www.cs.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-03.\n\"Front matter\". ACM SIGACT News. 19 (1). Fall 1987.\nACM Fellow Award / Zvi Galil\n\"Dr. Zvi Galil\". NAE Members. National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved May 11, 2012.\n\"Zvi Galil Elected to National Academy of Engineering\". Columbia News. Columbia University. Retrieved May 11, 2012.\nAcademy Elects 225th Class of Fellows and Foreign Honorary Members, American Association for the Advancement of Science, April 26, 2005\n\"Zvi Galil Award\". Columbia College. Retrieved 2019-06-05.\n\"Quigley, Galil To Receive Great Teacher Awards\". Columbia College Today. September 2009. Retrieved 2019-06-05.\nSmyth, Pamela. \"University of Waterloo to award eight honorary degrees at spring convocation\". Waterloo Communications. University of Waterloo. Retrieved May 11, 2012.\nLarson, Erik J.; PhD. \"Top Influential Computer Scientists Today\". academicinfluence.com. Retrieved 2021-05-05.\n\"New Endowed Chair Honors Inclusion and Diversity\". College of Computing. 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2021-06-09.", "Home page at Georgia Tech" ]

[ "Zvi Galil", "Early life and education", "Career", "Professional service", "Research", "Awards and honors", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360516 ]

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[ "Zvi \"Zvika\" Gendelman (Hebrew: צבי \"צביקה\" גנדלמן; born September 12, 1956) is an Israeli politician who is the current mayor of Hadera. He is also a former Brigadier-general in the Israel Defense Forces. A member of a centrist independent political group, Gendelman was elected in the 2013 municipal elections, defeating then-Mayor Chaim Avitan. He was re-elected in 2018.", "Zvi Gendelman was born in Tiberias, Israel on September 12, 1956. At the age of 7, his family relocated to Hadera, where he grew up and was educated.\nHe enlisted in the IDF naval special forces unit of the Israeli Navy, Shayetet 13. After an injury, he moved to the Armored Corps, where he was trained as a fighter and in a tank commander's course. Subsequently he completed an Officers Course and was a tank commander. In Operation Litani (1978) Gendelman, as a company commander, led the forces in the occupation of the town Bint Jbeil. During the Lebanon War he was the brigade operations officer. At the end of the war he became 7th Armored Brigade officer and eventually the regiment commander. Gendelman served as commander of 460th Brigade and in 1996 was promoted to brigadier general, and was the bang division commander, and the commander of the company and battalion commanders course. In 1999, he was appointed as a commander of the 36th Division, having served in that capacity for two years.\nIn October 2000, the 2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid occurred with kidnapping of Israeli soldiers. Shortly after the event, Gendelman stood alone at a press conference and took over responsibility for the incident. Following the event, he wrote Chief of Staff Shaul Mofaz a letter of resignation. The resignation was not accepted. Peled committee, which investigated the circumstances of the case, did not receive command decisions. Chief of Staff Shaul Mofaz has decided to write a comment command. A Channel 2 investigation sided with Gendelman's lack of guilt. Gendelman continued in his position as commander of the division until May 2001. He then commanded a course for company commanders and battalion commanders.\nIn 2003 he was appointed as Military attaché in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Finland; a position he held until 2006.", "In the late of 2008, Gendelman announced his intention to run for mayor of Hadera in the municipal elections, but was defeated by incumbent mayor Chaim Avitan.\nLater on, he was in the business market, dealing with various of innovations and management of projects. In 2013, Gendelman run again for office in the municipal elections, beating then-incumbent Mayor from the Likud party, Chaim Avitan.\nIn October 2018, plagued by an ongoing probe which was launched months earlier, and while leaving his centrist Yesh Atid party to form an independent group called Hadera BeTnufah (Hadera On The Rise), he was re-elected with 41% of the vote.", "Gendelman has a master's degree in political science and National Security from Haifa University. He is divorced and has 4 children.", "\"Incumbent mayors victorious in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem municipal elections\" jPost, 23 October 2013" ]

[ "Zvi Gendelman", "Biography", "Post-retirement", "Personal life", "References" ]

[ 5360517 ]

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[ "Zvi Gitelman (2017)" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Zvigitelmanportrait.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Gitelman is a Professor of Political Science, and Professor of Judaic Studies at the University of Michigan.", "Gitelman received a Ph.D., an M.A., and a B.A. degree from Columbia University. He has usually written about the connection of ethnicity and politics especially in former Communist countries. He has also written about Israeli politics, East European politics, as well as Jewish political attitude. Gitelman received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1983.\nHe is married to Marlene Gitelman. He has two children, and six grandchildren.", "", "CEU Jewish Studies - Bruno Bitter, Nextwave Interactive Bt. (2013-06-16). \"Jewish Studies Program, Central European University: About\". Web.ceu.hu. Retrieved 2014-04-11.\nFellow Professor Zvi Gitelman — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum\n\"Columbia College Today\". www.college.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-11.\n\"People | Political Science | University of Michigan\". Lsa.umich.edu. Retrieved 2014-04-11.\n\"Zvi Gitelman\". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 2022-06-11." ]

[ "Zvi Gitelman", "Career", "Publications", "References" ]

[ 5360518 ]

[ 27240297, 27240298 ]

[ "Portrait of Zvi Goldstein by Tal Rosen", "Zvi Goldstein" ]

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[ "Zvi Goldstein (Hebrew: צבי גולדשטיין; born January 21, 1947) is an Israeli visual artist living in Jerusalem.", "Goldstein was born to Hungarian-Jewish parents in 1947 in Cluj, Romania. He is the only son of Szigmund Goldstein (born 30 August 1917), a taxi driver, and Margaret Golstein (born 2 February 1919). His father survived Mauthausen and returned to Cluj, where he met his future wife, an Auschwitz survivor. Zvi Golstein spent his early childhood in Cluj and often went hiking with his father in the Carpathian Mountains.\nHe attended elementary school, during which he suffered numerous anti-Semitic attacks at and after school.\nIn 1958 he and his parents emigrated to Kiryat Gat, Israel, with the help of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. In 1962 he left school after tenth grade, and between 1962 and 1963 he worked at Polgat Textiles in Kiryat Gat. In 1963 Goldstein applied for the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem but was rejected. In 1964 he tried again and was accepted, and he began his studies in the Graphic Department as the youngest student in his class.\nIn November 1964 Zvi Goldstein had to interrupt his studies at the Academy to fulfill his mandatory military service. He served in the Israeli army for two years and four months. In January 1967, towards the end of his military service, he was allowed to return to the Bezalel Academy under certain conditions. He returned to the army to serve a further two months in April and May. As a young servant, he was called for the Six-Day War in June in the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Desert front. Following this he is stationed as a reservist at various locations in Israeli for the next six months. In 1968 he finally returned to the Academy but the year after he broke off his studies to travel to Europe. He departed with hardly any money, just one bag and a one-way-ticket, financed by money from the Academy as the winner of the Hermann Struck Prize (with a wood engraving). In the West for the first time, he hitchhiked through Europe (France, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy) and made a short trip to the United States, New York City, to visit Sol LeWitt, whom he knew from his time in Milan.\nHe enrolled at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan in the Painting and Sculpture Department and made frequent visit to the Faculty of Philosophy at the Università degli Studi di Milano. In 1972 Goldstein was awarded a Diploma in Fine Arts and Sculpture and continued his studies in the Scenography Department. Later that year he had his first solo exhibition in Milan at the Galleria la Bertesca.\nIn 1973 he married Rachel Bitran.\nZvi Goldstein moved back to Jerusalem to establish a peripheral position from which to developed a new artistic perspective. He embarked on extensive research into other contexts marginal to the West, sowing the seeds for his future travels. At the same time he became a lecturer in the Fine Arts Department at the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design: his first teaching post.\nIn 1982 he was recalled to the army during the first Lebanon War and served in patrol operations. In the years after he was ordered to serve at the detention camp, where prisoners were detained without trial. Faced with this evidence of civil rights infringements, he refused to serve as a soldier in Lebanon. He was imprisoned as a conscientious objector, first at the Tzrifin military camp, near Rischon LeZion, and then in Prison Six, near Atlit. He became one of the first members of Yesh Gvul. Eventually he was released early from prison, but remained on the Israeli army reserve list until 1991.\nIn the 1990s a number of carefully prepared travels took him to particular places in Greece, Turkey, Asia and mainly in Africa, following a quest for cultures and sites still under a strong non-Western and hermetical tradition.\nDuring the 1970s Goldstein worked within the tradition of conceptual art using photography, film, audio recordings, performance, objects, and not at least text as his media exploring perceptional, social and political phenomena. Discontented with the Post-Modern discourse in the West, in 1978 he decided to choose Jerusalem as a place on the edge between Orient and Occident and made it the geographical as well as conceptual base for his art. At the same time he turned to object-related sculpture based on a kind of open constructivist approach. In the 2000s Goldstein gave his work a new and additional dimension by two books, which are not written in his mother tongue(s) but in a particular kind of English, both readable and idiosyncratic, to fit into the dominant language of global communication. In On Paper (Cologne 2004) stories and reflections on subjects like autobiography, gardening, philosophy, war, art theory, or lifestyle blend into an impressive picture of his position between different cultures. The book was followed by a long poem titled Room 205 (Cologne 2010) which describes the musings and hallucinations during a one-minute open-eye recall.", "", "2017 – Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel-Aviv, Israel\n2016 – S.M.A.K., Ghent, Belgium\n2015 – Reconstructed Memories (Lariam B), Daniel Marzona art gallery, Berlin\n2010 – The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel\n1998 – Kunsthalle Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany, and Kaiser Wilhelm Museum, Krefeld, Germany\n1995 – Mala Galerija, Moderna Galerija, Ljublijana, Slovenia\n1993 – The Art Gallery of York University, Toronto, Canada\n1992 – De Appel, Amsterdam, Holland\n1990 – D.A.A.D. Galerie, Berlin, Germany\n1989 – Kunstraum München, Munich, Germany\n1987 – Center Georges Pompidou, Paris, France\n1986 – Museum Haus Esters, Krefeld, Germany\n1983 – The Tel-Aviv Museum, Tel-Aviv, Israel\n1975 – The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel", "2019 – The Collection (1) – Hightlights for a Future, S.M.A.K., Ghent, Belgium\n2013 – Zugaben, Museum Haus Lange / Haus Esters, Krefeld, Germany\n2011 – Herzliya Biennial for Contemporary Art, Herzliya, Israel\n2011 – The Second Strike, Herzliya Museum of Contemporary Art, Herzliya, Israel\n2010 – Haunted by Objects, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel\n2008 – The 6th Shanghai Biennale, Shanghai, China.\n2005 – EindhovenIstanbul, Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, The Netherlands\n2002 – Startkapital, K21 Kunstammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf, Germany\n2000 – The Oldest Possible Memory, Sammlung Hauser und Wirth in der Lokremise St. Gallen, Switzerland\n1998 – Biennial of San Paolo, San Paolo, Brazil.\n1995 – New Orient/Ation, The 4th Istanbul Biennial, Istanbul, Turkey\n1990 – The Ready Made Boomerang, The 8th Biennial of Sydney, Sydney, Australia\n1988 – Aperto 88, La Biennale di Venezia, Venice, Italy\n1987 – Documenta VIII, Kassel, Germany\n1978 – Kulturhaus, Graz, Austria\n1974 – Contemporanea, Area Aperta, Rome, Italy", "The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel\nThe Tel-Aviv Museum, Tel-Aviv, Israel\nKunstmuseen Krefeld, Germany\nCentre Pompidou, Paris\nSammlung Hauser und Wirth, Switzerland\nF.C. Flick Collection", "2013 - Awarded with the EMET Prize in the category Art and Culture\n2002 – The LennonOno Grant for Peace, New York\n1990 – D.A.A.D Berliner Künstlerprogramm (artist in residence), Berlin, Germany\n1988 – Prize of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Israel\n1987 - Aaron Levi Prize of The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel\n1985 – Mies van der Rohe-Stipendium (artist in residence), Krefeld, Germany\n1984 – The Sandberg Prize of The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel", "Zvi Goldstein, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel, 1975\nZvi Goldstein – Structure and Super-Structure, The Tel-Aviv Museum, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 1983\nZvi Goldstein – Die Sprache des Bauens, Museum Haus Esters, Krefeld, Germany, 1986\nZvi Goldstein -Tiers-Monde et Monde 3 – Modeles Anomaux, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, 1987\nZvi Goldstein – The Glory of Abstraction, Kunstraum München, Munich, Germany, 1989\nZvi Goldstein – Black Hole Constructions, D.A.A.D. Gallery, Berlin, Germany, 1990\nZvi Goldstein, De Appel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1992\nZvi Goldstein, Mala Galerija, Liublijana, Slovenia, 1995\nZvi Goldstein, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel, 1995\nZvi Goldstein – To Be There, Kunsthalle Nürnberg and Krefelder Kunstmuseen, Oktagon, Germany 1998\nZvi Goldstein – Sirocco – Day 4, 24th International Biennial of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 1998", "Zvi Goldstein, On Paper, Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, Cologne, Germany, 2004 (= Kunstwissenschaftliche Bibliothek, vol. 29)\nZvi Goldstein, Room 205, Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, Cologne, Germany, 2010", "www.zvigoldstein.org\nhttps://www.danielmarzona.com/artists/zvi-goldstein/", "Zvi Goldstein, On Paper, Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, Cologne, Germany, 2004 (= Kunstwissenschaftliche Bibliothek, vol. 29)\nZvi Goldstein – To Be There, Kunsthalle Nürnberg and Krefelder Kunstmuseen, Oktagon, Germany 1998\nZvi Goldstein, Room 205, Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, Cologne, Germany, 2010\nhttps://web.archive.org/web/20100803072042/http://www.imj.org.il:80/exhibitions/presentation/exhibit.asp?id=724\nZvi Goldstein - The Limits of My Knowledge. Distanz. 2014. pp. 330–333. ISBN 978-3-95476-072-5." ]

[ "Zvi Goldstein", "Life and Works", "Exhibitions", "Selected solo-exhibitions", "Selected group-exhibitions", "Collections (selected)", "Awards", "Catalogues of solo-exhibitions", "Books by the artist", "External links", "References" ]

[ 5360519, 5360520 ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "Zvi Guershoni (Hebrew: צבי גרשוני, born 1915, died 1 September 1976) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1969 and his death in 1976.", "Born in Bălți in the Beletsky Uyezd of the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire (today in Moldova), Guershoni attended a Hebrew gymnasium. He was a Maccabi HaTzair member before joining Gordonia. He became a member of the Gordonia leadership in Romania, and was also a member of the central committee of the Romanian branch of HeHalutz.\nIn 1936 he made aliyah to Mandatory Palestine, where he initially worked in orchards in Rehovot. Between 1937 and 1940 he worked in the Port of Haifa, before being amongst the founders of kibbutz Nir Am in 1943. Between 1946 and 1947 he travelled to Holocaust survivor camps in Europe.\nDuring the 1948 Arab-Israeli War he served as secretary of the Negev Settlements Committee, and was later a member of Mapai-affiliated Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim movement, serving as its secretary of internal affairs. He also studied economics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.\nIn 1969 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list. He was re-elected in 1973, but died in office on 1 September 1976. His seat was taken by Senetta Yoseftal.", "Knesset Members in the Eighth Knesset Knesset website", "Zvi Guershoni on the Knesset website" ]

[ "Zvi Guershoni", "Biography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360521 ]

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[ "Prof. Zvi HaCohen (last name HaCohen or Cohen, Hebrew: הכהן צבי, born 1947) is an Israeli scientist who, since August 2010, has served as Rector of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU).", "HaCohen was born in Romania in 1947, immigrated to Israel in 1950 and was raised in Rehovot. He received a BSc Degree in chemistry in 1970, an MSc Degree in organic chemistry in 1974, both from Bar-Ilan University and a PhD in organic chemistry in 1978, from the Weizmann Institute of Science. Between 1978 and 1981, he was a post doctoral fellow in the Department of Radiology at Harvard Medical School.", "HaCohen published over 120 scientific papers, registered 8 patents and edited 3 books. During his PhD studies he developed a method for dry ozonation, which enabled regioselective hydroxylation of tertiary carbon atoms of hydrocarbons, with a yield of 100%, in comparison to a few tenths of a percent, previously. As a postdoctoral fellow, he designed a new contrast agent for computed tomography of liver metastasis, made of iodinated starch particles, which enabled the detection of liver metastasis, smaller than 2 mm. During his career at BGU, he studied the biochemistry and developed the biotechnology of the production of several omega 6 and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid) from micro algae and was involved with the development of the biotechnology of the micro alga Haematococcus pluvialis, culminated in the establishment of a commercial facility in Ketura, Israel.", "Between 1980 and 1981, . Hacohen had an appointment of assistant professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School at Worcester, Massachusetts. In 1981, he moved to the Desert Research Institute of Ben-Gurion University at Sde Boker. Between 1996 and 2010, he served as chairman of the faculty association of the university and from 2005 to 2010, also as the chairman of Coordination Council of the Faculty Associations of the Israeli Universities. In 2010, he was elected as Rector of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. In 2015 he was elected to chair the Rectors' Forum of Israeli Universities.", "1986–97 – Incumbent of the Sonnefeldt Career Development Chair in Desert Research.\n1998 – Recipient of the Pasternak prize for Agricultural Research.\n2005 – incumbent of the Maks and Rochelle Etingin Professorial chair in Desert Research.\n2016 – Honorary professorship recipient, Babes-Bolyai university, Cluj, Romania.", "•Cohen Z. (Ed.) (1999) Chemicals from micro algae.London: Taylor and Francis.\n• Cohen Z. & Ratledge C. (Eds.) (2005) Single cell oil. Champaign Il.: American Oil Chemists' Society.\n•Cohen Z. & Ratledge C. (Eds.) (2010) Single cell oils II. Champaign Il.: American Oil Chemists' Society.", "\"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev – Rector\". in.bgu.ac.il. Retrieved 28 December 2017.\nCohen, Z; Keinan, E; Mazur, Y; Varkony, T.H. (1975). \"Method for stereoselective hydroxylation of saturated compounds on silica gel\". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 40 (14): 2141–2142. doi:10.1021/jo00902a035.\nCohen, Zvi.; Keinan, Ehud.; Mazur, Yehuda.; Ulman, Aharon. (1 July 1976). \"Hydroxylation with ozone on silica gel. The synthesis of 1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3\". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 41 (15): 2651–2652. doi:10.1021/jo00877a035. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 181551.\nCohen, Zvi; Varkony, Haim; Keinan, Ehud; Mazur, Yehuda (1 January 2003). Organic Syntheses. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi:10.1002/0471264180.os059.25. ISBN 9780471264224.\nCohen, Z.; Seltzer, S. E.; Davis, M. A.; Hanson, R. N. (1 December 1981). \"Iodinated starch particles: new contrast material for computed tomography of the liver\". Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 5 (6): 843–846. doi:10.1097/00004728-198112000-00010. ISSN 0363-8715. PMID 7320289. S2CID 30923918.\nCohen, Zvi; Norman, Helen A.; Heimer, Yair M. (1 January 1995). Plants in Human Nutrition. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. Vol. 77. Karger Publishers. pp. 1–31. doi:10.1159/000424462. ISBN 978-3-8055-6101-3.\nKhozin-Goldberg, Inna; Bigogno, Chiara; Shrestha, Pushkar; Cohen, Zvi (1 October 2002). \"Nitrogen Starvation Induces the Accumulation of Arachidonic Acid in the Freshwater Green Alga Parietochloris Incisa (trebuxiophyceae)1\". Journal of Phycology. 38 (5): 991–994. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01160.x. ISSN 1529-8817. S2CID 84752670.\nKhozin-Goldberg, Inna; Bigogno, Chiara; Shrestha, Pushkar; Cohen, Zvi (1 October 2002). \"Nitrogen Starvation Induces the Accumulation of Arachidonic Acid in the Freshwater Green Alga Parietochloris Incisa (trebuxiophyceae)1\". Journal of Phycology. 38 (5): 991–994. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01160.x. ISSN 1529-8817. S2CID 84752670.\nCohen, Zvi (27 May 1999). Chemicals from Microalgae. CRC Press. ISBN 9780748405152.\nCohen, Zvi; Ratledge, Colin (11 April 2005). Single Cell Oils. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781893997806.\nCohen, Zvi; Ratledge, Colin (8 August 2015). Single Cell Oils: Microbial and Algal Oils. Elsevier. ISBN 9781630670078." ]

[ "Zvi HaCohen", "Early life and education", "Professional career", "Academic and related positions", "Honors", "Books", "References" ]

[ 5360522 ]

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[ "Hurwitz at the groundbreaking ceremony of the Menachem Begin Heritage Center, June 1998" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Zvi_Harry_Hurwitz.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Harry Hurwitz (Hebrew: צבי הארי הורביץ; August 29, 1924 – October 1, 2008), also known as Harry Zvi Hurwitz, was a noted South African Jewish journalist and community leader who moved to Israel, where he served as an Israeli diplomat and adviser to prime ministers Menachem Begin and Yitzhak Shamir before founding the Menachem Begin Heritage Center.", "Hurwitz was born in 1924 in Liepāja, Latvia to Maishe and Malshen (Kutisker) Hurwitz, who migrated to Johannesburg in what was then the Union of South Africa with their two sons when Harry was ten-years-old. In so doing, the family avoided what would have been almost certain death during the Holocaust, when all but 20 or 30 of the city's 7,000 Jews were murdered by Nazi Germany and Latvian collaborators.", "Latvia was the birthplace of Betar, the Revisionist Zionist youth movement, which the young Hurwitz joined when he heard Ze'ev Jabotinsky, the founder of Revisionist Zionism, speak a year before his family's departure. Hurwitz went on to become a national leader of Betar and Revisionist organizations in South Africa, and later headed the South African Zionist Federation. A professional journalist, he served for 25 years as the editor of The Jewish Herald, a weekly that was the organ of the United Zionist Revisionist Party of Southern Africa, and was a frequent broadcaster, television commentator and public speaker.\nIn 1964, Hurwitz was one of Jabotinsky's pallbearers when he and his wife were reburied on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.\nA long-time supporter of Menachem Begin, Hurwitz first met the future Prime Minister of Israel in 1946 during a visit to Mandatory Palestine following the 22nd Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, when Begin, as the commander of the Irgun, was still in the underground hiding from British authorities. The two continued to maintain contact after Israel gained independence and throughout Begin's two stints as Leader of the Opposition and his service as Minister without Portfolio in a national unity government.", "Following Begin's 1977 election as Prime Minister, Hurwitz and his wife, Freda, made aliyah, settling in Jerusalem. He subsequently joined the Prime Minister's Office as Adviser for External Information, and served in that capacity until 1980, when he was appointed Minister of Information at the Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C. He returned to Jerusalem in mid-1983 to become Adviser to the Prime Minister for Diaspora Affairs, first under Begin and then, following Begin's resignation, under Yitzhak Shamir. He held that position until Shamir was replaced as prime minister by Yitzhak Rabin in July 1992.", "Upon Begin's death in March 1992, Hurwitz proposed the establishment of a living memorial to Israel's sixth prime minister based on the American presidential library concept. It was the first such institution in Israel. To bring that project to fruition he organized the Menachem Begin Heritage Foundation which, under his leadership, raised $20 million to construct the Menachem Begin Heritage Center in Jerusalem, opposite Mount Zion.\nIn 1998, at Hurwitz's urging, then-Knesset member Reuven Rivlin proposed the Menachem Begin Commemoration\nLaw, which was adopted with support from almost 100 of the Israeli parliament's 120 members. The law established the future Begin Center as the official, state-funded memorial for Prime Minister Menachem Begin. Opened in 2004, the Center provides a framework for students, soldiers, citizens, and tourists to learn about and experience the life of Menachem Begin, identify his place in history and examine his life's work. The Begin Center houses a museum, archives, library, and research center and hosts a variety of programs \"to achieve its goal of passing on to future generations Begin's belief in democracy and parliamentarianism, his vision of peace for a secure Israel, social justice, and the return of Jews to Israel.\"", "Hurwitz was presented with the 2005 Prime Minister's Prize by Israel's Presidents and Prime Ministers Memorial Council in recognition of his role in establishing the Center and, in 2008, a Yakir Zion Award by the South African Zionist Federation in Israel.", "Hurwitz served as head of the center until he died on October 1, 2008, at the age of 84 after suffering a massive heart attack at his son's home on Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish new year. He was buried in the section reserved for Irgun veterans at the Har HaMenuchot cemetery in Jerusalem. Eulogies were delivered by Moshe Arens, Benny Begin, Benjamin Netanyahu, Reuven Rivlin, family members, and Begin Center colleagues.\nThe Center later named its foyer in honor of the Hurwitz family and annually awards the Harry Hurwitz Hasbara in Action Prize.", "Hurwitz was the author of Begin: His Life, Works and Deeds, Gefen Publishing House, 2004, ISBN 978-965229324-4, which was previously issued as Begin: A Portrait by B'nai B'rith Book Service, 1994, ISBN 9780910250276. It was a revised and updated version of Begin: A Portrait, The Jewish Herald (PTY) Ltd., 1977, ISBN 0-620-02933-1, which was the first Begin biography ever written.\nHe also co-edited (with Yisrael Medad) the posthumously-published Peace in the Making: The Menachem Begin-Anwar Sadat Personal Correspondence, Gefen Publishing House, 2011, ISBN 978-965-229-456-2.", "Due to a case of mistaken identity after a different man with the same name died, The Jerusalem Post published an obituary of Hurwitz on January 15, 2001 entitled \"A Noble Spirit,\" written by Shmuel Katz, who was his predecessor as Begin's Adviser for External Information. \"The first thing I did after reading my own obituary was call up my friend Shmuel Katz who wrote it and thank him for all the lovely things he said about me,\" Hurwitz, who had a sense of humor, told the Post afterwards. \"Not everyone has the privilege of reading their own obituary, and it was a lovely one.\" A few days later, at a special meeting on the subject of South African Jewry held at the Jewish Agency, participants were asked to introduce themselves and state where they resided. When his turn came, Hurwitz announced \"Harry Hurwitz from heaven.\"\nHurwitz later framed a copy of the subsequent Post article in which the newspaper acknowledged the error and hung it on his office wall. (In the end, Hurwitz outlived Katz by almost five months and it was he who attended the other's funeral.)", "\"Crimes of Einsatzgruppen in Liepāja\". 1941. Retrieved 1 June 2015.\n\"Obituary: Harry Hurwitz\". 30 October 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2015.\n\"Israeli Adviser Speaking Here\". The Pittsburgh Press. 17 September 1978. Retrieved 2 June 2015.\n\"REVISIONISTS, ZIONISTS\". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 3 June 2015.\nLazaroff, Tovah (2 October 2008). \"Begin aid Harry Hurwitz dies\". Retrieved 31 May 2015.\nMedad, Yisrael (2 October 2008). \"My Right Word: Harry Hurwitz 1924-2008\". Retrieved 31 May 2015.\nHurwitz, Harry (26 February 2007). \"Begin's living memorial\". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 3 June 2015.\nFuksman-Sha'al, Moshe. \"Promoting Zionism at the Menachem Begin Heritage Center\" (PDF). Retrieved 31 May 2015.\n\"Menachem Begin Heritage Foundation\". Retrieved 31 May 2015.\n\"Hurwitz Will Be Awarded P.M. Prize\". Menachem Begin Heritage Center Bulletin 28. 15 April 2005.\n\"Telfed Yakir Zion Awards\" (PDF). June 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2015.\n\"HARRY ZVI HURWITZ (1924-2008)\". 9 October 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2015.\nMakov, Herzl (2 October 2008). \"Begin Center Founder Passes Away\". Retrieved 31 May 2015.\n\"In Memoriam: Harry Hurwitz 1924-2008\" (PDF). 23 September 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2015.\n\"Goodbye Harry\". 7 October 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2015.\nCollins, Liat (16 January 2001). \"Hurwitz lives to read own obituary\". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.", "Menachem Begin Heritage Center" ]

[ "Zvi Harry Hurwitz", "Early years", "Zionist activity", "Government service", "Menachem Begin Heritage Center", "Awards", "Death", "Published works", "Trivia", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360523 ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8_-_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Hauser (Hebrew: צבי האוזר; born 5 July 1968) is an Israeli lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Knesset for New Hope and also served as an MK for Blue and White and Derekh Eretz from 2019 to 2021.", "Zvi Hauser was born in Ramat Gan to Mordechai and Yehudit Hauser, the youngest of three. He was born with a heart defect and went through successful open heart surgery at the age of eight. At the age of eleven he played basketball for Maccabi Ramat Gan. He attended Blich high school in Ramat Gan, where he served as the national chairman of the youth wing of the Tehiya Party.\nHauser enlisted as part of Israel's mandatory military service and served in the IDF's School of Leadership Development. Among his roles there he also served as the schools commander of the public diplomacy unit. After his release from the IDF, he became a professional assistant to the Director-General of the Ministry of Labor and Welfare, Shmuel Slavin. Following that he worked as the assistant to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the government-owned company Amidar; a provider of subsidized and rent-controlled housing.\nIn 1992, he became the Spokesperson for the National Union of Israeli Students. The following year, he served as a Media Adviser to the Likud party and to the then-Chairman of the Opposition, Benjamin Netanyahu. After two years he left this position to complete his legal internship. Hauser was also a member of the University Disciplinary Court of Appeals at Tel Aviv University.\nHe graduated from Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Law in 1994, completed a legal internship at Pinchas Marinsky & Co. law firm, and became a member of the Israel Bar Association in 1996. From 2000 to 2009, Hauser worked in the private sector and became a law firm partner at Goldfarb Seligman & Co. in Tel Aviv. He headed the firm's Communications and Media Department.\nAt the same time, he continued his public service being a board member for several government owned companies including the Tel Aviv Port \"Otzar Mif'aley Yam\" and Mikve Israel. He was also a member of the Public Council for the Commemoration of Theodor Herzl and the Management Committee on the Council for Preserving Heritage Sites in Israel between the years 2008 and 2009.", "When Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu formed Israel's 27th government in 1996, Hauser was appointed Senior Professional Adviser to Minister of Communications, Limor Livnat. In this capacity, he served as the Coordinator of the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Enhancing Competition in the Telecommunications Market, and as the Coordinator for the Ministry of Communications for Increasing Competition in the Broadcasting Market. He also was a member of the public committee for expanding broadcasting services in the state of Israel and served as a member of the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Regulating National Radio Broadcasting.\nIn 1997, Hauser was appointed as the Chairman of the Cable and Satellite Broadcasting Council and as the Chairman of the Administration for Regulating Broadcasts for the Public. In 1999 he was also appointed as the Chairman of the Israeli Rating Committee. Later on, in 2002, he served as a member of the Public Committee for Examining the Future of Israeli Educational Television.\nHe was involved in the establishment of the 'Israel News' Company, which served as Channel 10's news company. From 2004 to 2009, he served as the director for the \"Dori Media Group\" (DMG), a traded company on the AIM London Stock Exchange.", "In April 2009, upon the establishment of the Thirty-second government of Israel headed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Hauser was appointed as Israel's 17th Cabinet Secretary and served in that position until 2013 under the Thirty-third government of Israel.\nBesides the responsibility of setting the Cabinet's agenda and ministerial committee meetings as well as managing the inner workings of the Office, he simultaneously served as the Secretary of The Ministers Committee on Security Affairs ('The Political-Security Cabinet'). In this position, Hauser liaised between the cabinet and the Knesset (Israeli parliament), and between the cabinet and the President of Israel. He was also deputy to the Director General of the Office of the Prime Minister and served as the Cabinet's spokesperson.\nHauser co-Chaired Masa Israel Journey, an organization that brings young Jewish adults to Israel to strengthen their bond with Israel and the Jewish people. He served as a member for Western Wall Heritage Foundation, Independence Hall and initiated the Moreshet Program, a national program for preserving restoring national heritage sites.\nWith the formation of the 33rd government, in January 2013, Hauser announced his desire to end his term after more than four years in office. Hauser continued to serve as the 33rd Secretary of Government until the appointment of Maj. Gen. Avichai Mandelblit, who served as the Military Advocate General, in May 2013. In the background of the termination of Hauser's role as Cabinet Secretary was the complaint, he filled with Yoaz Hendel and Yohanan Locker about the actions of Natan Eshel, the prime minister's close confidant.", "Hauser served on a number of government and public committees, including chairman of the Public Committee for the Examination of computing Elections to the Knesset and Local Authorities; member of the advisory team on the issues of prayer arrangements at the Western Wall; member of the Exceptions Committee regarding the entry of the remaining Falash Mura community members in Ethiopia.\nHauser, in 2013, Hauser joined the academic staff of Hebrew University's School of Public Policy and Government. Within this framework, Hauser lectured to graduated students. In addition, Hauser served as a senior fellow at Kohelet Policy Forum.\nIn 2014, Hauser became the Chairman of the Alumni Organization of Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Law.\nBetween the years 2017 and 2019, Hauser founded and headed the Coalition for the Israeli Golan, promoting recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights. In 2018, Hauser published an article in which he expressed his position that Israel's interest should be in splitting Syria into Several entities, and in American involvement in what is happening there (to prevent the strengthening of Iran and Turkey in Syria). In addition, he presented the Israeli interest in the Golan by expanding the Jewish settlement and reach 100,000 Jewish settlers in the region by 2030.\nHauser currently serves also as the chairman of The Land of Israel's Museum (aka Eretz Israel Museum) in Tel Aviv and as a member of the International Executive Committee of The Albert Einstein Foundation.", "Hauser is identified with Conservative right. In the run-up to the 21st Knesset elections, Hauser joined Moshe Ya'alon and the Telem Party and was placed 14th on the Blue and White list. The party received 35 seats and Hauser entered the 21st Knesset for the first time.\nCurrently he is the Chairman of the Foreign affairs and Defense committee, and the Chairman of the Israel-Japan Parliamentary Friendship Group, in the Knesset. On 7 July 2020, Hauser was elected to represent the parliamentary body on the Committee to Appoint Judges.\nIn March 2020, Hauser and Yoaz Hendel formed their own political faction, Derekh Eretz. On 9 December 2020, Hauser and Hendel announced that they will join Gideon Sa'ar's new party, New Hope. Hauser was placed eighth on New Hope's list for the 2021 elections, but failed to retain his seat as New Hope only won six seats.\nIn June 2021, Hendel became Minister of Communications in Naftali Bennett's government and resigned his Knesset seat under the Norwegian Law. Hauser returned to the Knesset as Hendel's replacement.", "Hauser was married to Hila Tov and have two sons, including Michael Hauser Tov, who serves as the political correspondent for Gali Tzahal. After a decade of marriage, the two were separated.\nHis current spouse is a TV producer and IEC spokeswoman, Dalia Bodinger.\nHauser is a collector of Israeli items called Israeliana.", "\"Zvi Hauser's Executive Profile\". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 15 August 2014.\n\"Netanyahu to appoint attorney Zvi Hauser to cabinet secretary\". Ynet. 22 March 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2014.\n\"Cabinet secretary Zvi Hauser steps down\". The Jerusalem Post. 2 January 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2014.\n\"Alumni Organization of Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Law\". Tel Aviv University Law Alumni Association. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.\n\"Albert Einstein Foundation - Executive Committee\". Albert Einstein Foundation. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.\nBachner, Michael. \"Israel Resilience party reveals top picks for Knesset slate\". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 February 2019.\nJeremy Bob, Yonah (7 July 2020). \"How could the new Judicial Selection Committee members impact the court?\". The Jerusalem Post.\n\"Israel: Gantz's Blue and White faction finalizes split\". i24 News. 29 March 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.\nWootliff, Raoul (9 December 2020). \"Sa'ar party gets first boost as Derech Eretz MKs Hendel, Hauser join up\". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 December 2020.\n\"Renegades, rabble-rousers, TV anchors, army chiefs: The MKs who won't be back\". The Times of Israel. 30 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.\nHoffman, Gil (16 June 2021). \"First deaf MK sworn in to Knesset, 13 new legislators join parliament\". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 16 June 2021.", "Zvi Hauser on the Knesset website\nZvi Hauser tells Haaretz what Israel is doing wrong\nZvi Hauser appointed temporary PMO director-general\nZvi Hauser in The Times of Israel: \"Finding new Home in New Hope\"\nHauser, Zvi (28 October 2020). \"Persona non grata no more: Chiune Sugihara - analysis\". (Jerusalem Post)." ]

[ "Zvi Hauser", "Biography", "Regulation, Communication and Broadcasting", "Cabinet Secretary", "After his tenure as Cabinet Secretary", "Political career", "Personal life", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360524 ]

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[ "", "Jewish Community Center in Duisburg, Germany", "The Spiral Apartment House in Ramat Gan", "Bat Yam City Hall", "Ramot Polin Apartments", "Palmach Museum in Tel Aviv" ]

[ 0, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Zvi_Hecker%2C_Ostrava%2C_2013.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Jewish_Cultural_Centre_9230319-26.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/SpiralHouseRG1.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Bat-Yam-municipality.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Ramot_polin.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Palmax_154.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Hecker (Hebrew: צבי הקר‎; born 31 May 1931) is a Polish-born Israeli architect. His work is known for its emphasis on geometry and asymmetry.", "Zvi Hecker was born as Tadeusz Hecker in Kraków, Poland. He grew up in Poland and Samarkand. He began his education in architecture at the Cracow University of Technology. He immigrated to Israel in 1950. There he studied architecture at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, graduating in 1955. At the Technion, Eldar Sharon was a classmate, and Alfred Neumann was their professor. Between 1955 and 1957, he studied painting at the Avni Institute of Art and Design, before beginning his career as an architect. Between 1957 and 1959, Hecker served in the Combat Engineering Corps of the Israel Defense Forces.", "After his military service, he founded a firm with Eldar Sharon (until 1964) and Alfred Neumann (until 1966). The physical and economic conditions in Israel at the time, allowed them to complete a fair number of works in a relatively brief period of time, which brought international attention. Their joint works include the Mediterranean Sea Club in Achzib (1960–1961), Dubiner House (1963), the Chaim Laskov Officer Training School (1963–1967) Bahad 1, the main officer training school of the Israel Defense Forces, just later the synagogue (1969–1971) at the same academy, and the Bat Yam city hall (1963–1969). Their designs shared aspects in common with the metabolist movement, borrowing metaphoric shapes from nature for use in planning morphological structures. The modularity of these works, such as the Dubiner House, provided an architectural precedent for the Habitat 67 project by Moshe Safdie.\nHecker resides in Berlin and Tel Aviv. He has been involved in planning projects for the German Jewish community as well as other international projects.", "Hecker taught in Canada, the United States, Israel, and Austria at the Université Laval, University of Texas at Arlington, Washington University in St. Louis, Iowa State University, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, and the University of Applied Arts Vienna. Zvi Hecker writes about his work periodically, co-authoring books with Sir Peter Cook, John Hejduk, and others.", "The early projects of Zvi Hecker, designed in partnership with Sharon and Neumann, have architectural qualities that were developed later in his career. The officer school (Bahad 1) was built to give a respectable living environment to soldiers in the Negev desert, and special emphasis was given to the large spaces between the structures, in order to form a micro-environment there, separating the people inside from the harsh desert outskirts. Raw concrete was chosen because it did not require constant maintenance and renovation in light of the strong sandy winds. About the school, Hecker said: \"The location of the base has a special relevance to the vision of David Ben-Gurion. To build such an important school in a place which isn't the center of the country – in my opinion, that's the positive side of the State of Israel\". The academy was supplemented later with a synagogue, whose form was complementary and contrasting. The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture says of the architect's approach to its design, \"Eschewing the right angles of international modernism, he turned to crystalline geometry found in nature [...]\"\nAnother of the Zvi Hecker's projects in partnership, the Bat Yam City Hall shows the recurrence of geometrical invention that exists throughout his work. One architectural significance of the Bat Yam City Hall- its formal concept, is that it is an inverted pyramid. It is linked to other works of architecture such as Boston City Hall through this form, in addition to their program, similar materials, and time period. The building is patterned on a diagonal grid with concrete, which provides both its structure and aesthetics. The importance of this building was recognized in 1975 with perspective and section illustrations on a postage stamp in the Architecture in Israel series. As of 2003, Bat Yam City Hall was removed of its signature light shafts, rather than having them renovated. This was because of a perceived structural instability due to weathering over time. Of this removal Dr. Ami Ran wrote, \"From an architectural standpoint, removing them is equivalent to dousing the Statue of Liberty's torch.\"\nAmong several projects for memorials, Zvi Hecker designed the solemn Page Memorial (1996) with Micha Ullmann and Eyal Weizman. This site-specific memorial commemorates the Jewish community of Kreuzberg, and their Lindenstrasse synagogue which was designed in 1891 by architects Cremer & Wolffenstein. What was once one of the largest religious buildings in Berlin, with a capacity of 1800; was ruined by the Nazis in the 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom. On the original floor plan, the benches of the synagogue were recreated in concrete, and where the bimah stood, trees are now planted. The designers conceived of the benches as sentences on the pages of the Talmud.", "Zvi Hecker architecture has continued to emphasize geometry and modularity, but with increasing asymmetry. Ramot Polin (1972–75) is a rare prefabricated apartment complex with 720 non-rectangular components. The apartments were expanded later, incorporating more cubic rather than pentagonal components. The design idea of this neighborhood may seem to be the more purely geometrical, however it is likened to a chemical structure, and in plan view to an open hand, and a leaf- therefore imparting it with metaphorical qualities. More examples of advanced geometry in Hecker's work are the Spiral Apartment House in Ramat Gan, (1981–1989), and the Heinz-Galinski-Schule (1992–1995) in Berlin, noted for their high degree of complexity. The Heinz-Galinski-Schule won Zvi Hecker the Deutscher Kritikerpreis in 1995- it was stated that the decision of the jury was based on their appreciation of the \"expressive geometry of his construction.\" The Spiral Apartment House is located adjacent to his earlier Dubiner house, providing a juxtaposition of two important moments in his career. The work of Zvi Hecker has been compared to that of Antoni Gaudí, for expressiveness and expanding of architectural ideas.\nMore of his later works are the Jewish community center in Duisburg (1996–1999), and with Rafi Segal, the Palmach Museum in Tel Aviv (1995–2000). The Duisburg Jewish community center is located on a park, the Garten der Erinnerung designed by Dani Karavan. The community center shares a similar concept to the Page Memorial in its likening to the open pages of a book, and symbolically the Torah of Moses. The Palmach Museum has an angular zig-zag plan positioned around the preservation of trees on the site. It is clad in a local sandstone that was found in excavations for the project. It was exhibited at the Venice Biennale.", "Hecker was the subject of a solo exhibition at the Israel Museum in 1976. He had solo exhibitions at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art in the 1980s and in 1996. He also took part in the Jewish Identity in Contemporary Architecture at the Jewish Museum Berlin in 2005, and has participated in the Venice Biennale on a number of occasions.", "Peter Cook, Rosie Llewellyn-Jones. New Spirit in Architecture, Rizzoli. 1991. p. 149.\n\"Zvi Hecker\" Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Arcspace. Date: 7 March 2001, retrieved 24 October 2007.\nHillit Mazor. \"From Bat-Yam to Rishon Letsion\", Architecture of Israel Quarterly. Issue 69. May 2007.\nThe Palmach History Museum - Architect Archived 9 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Venice Biennale Israeli Pavilion. Retrieved 24 October 2007.\n\"Three Generations of Sharon Architects – A Historical Summary\". Sharon Architects. Retrieved 24 October 2007.\nMarco Bussagli. Understanding architecture, I.B. Tauris. 2005. P. 197. ISBN 1-84511-089-7\nMichael Avi-Yonah. The Holy Land, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973. P. 245. ISBN 0-03-003466-3\nEsther Zandberg. \"Architecture / Building a stellar reputation\". Haaretz. Retrieved 24 October 2007.\n\"Zvi Hecker | Architect | Berlin\" retrieved 19 June 2009.\nZvi Hecker. \"Die Ära der Exzesse ist vorbei\" Der Tagesspiegel. 23 January 2009.\nJohn Hejduk et al. House of the Book, Black Dog Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-901033-15-5\nCaspi, Roy. \"Retouch for the Concrete Diamond\" (in Hebrew). GOC Army Headquarters. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2009.\nCurl, James Stevens (2006). A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860678-8.\nYossi Matalon. בניין עיריית בת-ים ArchiTimes. 27 April 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2009.\nIsrael Philatelic Federation. \"Stamp Details\" Retrieved 8 May 2009. Archived 8 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine.\nAmi Ran. \"Curiosity\" Architecture of Israel Quarterly. Retrieved 8 May 2009.\nHorst Zeitler. \"Station 13: Vom Gotteshaus zum Getreidesilo – Die Liberale Synagoge in der Lindenstraße\" Archived 30 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Bildungsserver Berlin-Brandenburg. Retrieved 4 May 2009.\nBanister Fletcher, Dan Cruickshank. Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture, Architectural Press. 1996. P. 1460. ISBN 0-7506-2267-9\nAllison Arieff, Bryan Burkhart. Prefab, Gibbs Smith, 2002. pp. 34–35. ISBN 1-58685-132-2\nEsther Zandberg. משהו יקרה אחרינו Haaretz. 4 September 2008.\nAnthony C. Antoniades. Poetics of architecture: theory of design, Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1990. p. 194. ISBN 0-442-23990-4\n\"Spiral Apartment House\" Archived 14 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Arcspace. Retrieved 24 October 2007.\nThe Heinz Galinski School Archived 14 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Arcspace. Retrieved 24 October 2007.\nCharles Jencks. New Paradigm in Architecture: The Language of Post-Modernism, Yale University Press, 2002. P. 238. ISBN 0-300-09513-9\nJürgen Otten. \"Kritikerpreis 1995 wurde in acht Sparten vergeben\", Berliner Zeitung. 25 March 2006\nHilary French. Key Urban Housing of the Twentieth Century: Plans, Sections and Elevations, W. W. Norton & Company. 2008. pp. 184–185. ISBN 0-393-73246-0\nMichael Ben Ari. פיאסטה ספרדית Ynet, 28 December 2005.\nPhyllis Richardson. New Sacred Architecture, Laurence King Publishing. 2004. pp. 34–37. ISBN 1-85669-384-8\nChristoph Teves. Rat & Tat, Planet Wissen. 29 April 2008.\nL. Joseph Heid. \"Ein Gegenwartsportrait der Gemeinde Duisburg-Mülheim-Oberhausen\" Archived June 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Jüdische Zeitung. May 2006.\n\"The Palmach History Museum\" Archived 9 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Venice Biennale Israeli Pavilion. Retrieved 24 October 2007.\nSophia Dekel. \"Israeli Object / A Matter of Time\" Archived August 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine The Jerusalem Artists' House 28 December 2002.\nZvi Hecker, Mordechai Omer. \"Sunflower\", Tel Aviv Museum of Art. 1996.\n\"Jewish Identity in Architecture\" Archived 28 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Jewish Museum, Berlin. 4 March 2005.", "Zvi Hecker | Architect | Berlin" ]

[ "Zvi Hecker", "Biography", "Architectural career", "Academic career", "Projects", "Architectural style", "Museum exhibits", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360525, 5360526, 5360527, 5360528, 5360529 ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Zvi_Heifetz_%2811320821013%29.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Heifetz, born 9 December 1956, is an Israeli diplomat, a lawyer, businessman and media executive. Heifetz previously served as an Ambassador at large, Special Envoy to the Golf countries, UAE and Bahrain, Ambassador of the State of Israel to the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia, Ambassador to Russian Federation, Ambassador to Austria, UNIDO, UNDOC and OSCE and Ambassador to the United Kingdomand.", "Heifetz was born in Tomsk, Siberia, where his Latvian Jewish family had been exiled to from Riga, Latvia, in 1940. His grandfather, Ya’akov Jedeikin, was executed by the Stalin regime due to his involvement in Zionist activities and donating money to Jewish organizations in Palestine. Jedeikin was later granted the title of a \"Martyr\" by the State of Israel for these activities. At the age of eleven months, Heifetz and his family returned to Riga, (then still a part of the USSR).\nIn 1971, the family immigrated to Israel, first settled in Givat HaMoreh and later moved to Petah Tikva. Heifetz served for seven years in the Israeli Intelligence Corps of the IDF (unit 8200), and was discharged as a Major. He obtained his law degree from Tel Aviv University and is a member of the Israeli Bar Association (1985). Heifetz was a partner in the law firm \"Osnat Heifetz and Co.\"", "In 1989, Heifetz was posted to Moscow as a member the \"Group of Israeli Diplomats under the Dutch Embassy in the USSR\", as part of the first steps towards reinstating diplomatic relations between Israel and the Soviet Union after they were severed in 1967. From 1990 to 1996, Heifetz served as an external legal adviser to the Prime Minister’s Office consulting on affairs related to the former Soviet Union.\nFrom the early 1990s, Heifetz's law office specialized in handling international business transactions, mostly representing Israeli companies conducting business in the former USSR and Eastern Europe, as well as companies from the former USSR in Israel and the rest of the world. From 1999 to 2004, Heifetz was the acting Vice Chairman of Marriv Holdings Ltd, and from 2001 to 2003 he was the acting Chairman of Head Arzi Ltd (major music production company). He was also involved in managing Hapoel Tel Aviv basketball team.\nHeifetz is a close friend of Sir Leonard (Len) Blavatnik. He was appointed by Sir Leonard Blavatnik as Director on the Board of Clal Industries Ltd., Hadera Paper Ltd. and Beit Shemesh Engines Ltd.\nIn 2004, Heifetz was appointed Ambassador to the United Kingdom. However, his deployment was delayed due to a petition filed with the High Court of Justice by the Movement for Quality Government in Israel, claiming that Heifetz was appointed due to his ties with then Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. The Supreme Court rejected the petition, and Heifetz went on to serve as Ambassador to the United Kingdom from June 2004 until November 2007. In 2005, it was published in the media that Heifetz received information which prevented the arrest of retired Major-General Doron Almog, who arrived in London for a charity event for children with special needs.\nFollowing the end of his UK posting, Heifetz became an advisor to former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, then the Special Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East. During this period, Heifetz returned to his businesses and legal work, while also serving as a strategic consultant on international affairs.\nFrom 2013 to 2015, Heifetz served as the Israeli Ambassador to Austria and the international organizations (UNIDO and UNDOC) in Vienna, as well as Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). During this time, Heifetz was awarded the \"Grand Decoration of Honor in Gold with Sash\" by the President of the Republic of Austria for his service to the country. This state decoration is the highest honor awarded in Austria (excluding acting Heads of States). At this time, German Chancellor Angela Merkel was also awarded this decoration.\nIn November 2015, Heifetz was appointed Ambassador to the Russian Federation. During that time, the Russian government began its involvement in Syria, which significantly reshaped its relations with Israel.\nIn June 2016, Heifetz held an event marking the 25th anniversary of diplomatic ties between Russia and Israel. This event was held at the Bolshoi Theatre, and was attended by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Russian President Vladimir Putin. Following the request of Prime Minister Netanyahu which was granted by President Putin during a previous meeting between the leaders, Heifetz facilitated the return of an Israeli tank, that was believed to have been used by the MIA soldiers in the \"Battle of Sultan Yacoub\" during the 1982 Lebanon War. The tank was seized by Syrian armed forces during the battle and was transferred to the USSR for further examination of its capabilities. During this celebratory visit in June 2016, the Tank was transferred to Israel. Following the return of the tank to Israel it was placed in the Yad La-Shiryon Memorial, The Armored Corps Memorial Site and Museum, as a monument for the Israeli soldiers that were declared missing in action during that battle.\nThe Israeli Embassy in Moscow, under the leadership of Heifetz, was given the award \"Exemplary Embassy\" by the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2016. During the same year, Heifetz was also awarded a decoration from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for his significant personal role in strengthening the relations between Russia and Israel.\nIn January 2017, Heifetz was appointed Ambassador to the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. In March 2017, Prime Minister Netanyahu made an official visit to China in order to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the diplomatic relations between the two countries. On this occasion, both countries signed a Comprehensive Innovation Partnership Agreement. In January 2019, the Mongolian government awarded Heifetz a medal for his assistance and aid to the Mongolian police force.\nIn December 2020, the Israel Embassy in Beijing with Heifetz as its ambassador initiated four projects in the fields of health, education, agriculture and elderly care, under the framework of China-Israel InnoFriendship cooperation. The projects were supported by Chinese high officials and were sponsored by the two countries. The initiative had received unprecedented exposure in the traditional and social media with more than 227 million views.\nUnder the leadership of Ambassador Heifetz, the Embassy in Beijing awarded \"Outstanding Embassy״ for the year 2020 by the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs for its work during the COVID-19 epidemic and the promotion of projects between the two countries. The committee's reasons for the award referred to the professionalism and efficiency that the Embassy has presented under conditions of uncertainty and health concerns. The committee had also mentioned the embassy's assistance in sending emergency medical equipment to Israel from China, such as respirators and COVID-19 testing laboratories. In addition, the committee noted that with the easing of the COVID-19 crisis in China, the Embassy carried out four flagship projects for cooperation in various fields with the approval and support of Chinese Deputy Prime Minister Liu He, events that received massive exposure in China.\nUpon completion of his position in China, Heifetz returned to Israel and was appointed as Special Envoy to the Gulf States and was responsible for the opening of Embassies and Consulate in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Bahrain in light of the Abraham Accords. After the opening of the Missions in the presence of Foreign Minister Yair Lapid, Heifetz sought to end his position and retire back to private life after many years in which he served as Ambassador.\nIn October 2021, Heifetz was appointed as a Governor of Tel Aviv University. \nIn June 2022, Heifetz was appointed as member of the board of directors of Channel 13.\nHeifetz is married to Sigalia, between them the couple has seven children.", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47806780\nhttps://www.haaretz.com/1.4996529\nhttps://ejpress.org/israeli-ambassador-to-london-announces-israel-60-programme-2/\nhttps://www.haaretz.com/.premium-zvi-heifetz-nominated-envoy-to-china-1.5325379\nhttps://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/27968/\nhttps://www.montsame.mn/en/read/205475\nhttps://www.mid.ru/en_GB/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2580793\nhttp://www.aiani.at/news--events/visit-of-ambassador-mr-zvi-heifetz-at-the-university-of-innsbruck\nhttps://embassies.gov.il/beijing-en/AboutTheEmbassy/Pages/The-ambassador.aspx\nhttps://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1686958719432130608&wfr=spider&for=pc", "Interview with Zvi Heifetz (2005)" ]

[ "Zvi Heifetz", "Early life", "Career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360530 ]

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[ "Zvi Hirsch Chajes" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Zvi_Hirsch_Chajes.JPG" ]

[ "Zvi Hirsch Chajes (Hebrew: צבי הירש חיות - November 20, 1805 - October 12, 1855; also Chayes or Hayot or Chiyos) was one of the foremost Galician talmudic scholars. He is best known for his work Mevo Hatalmud (Introduction to the Talmud), which serves both as commentary and introduction. Chajes is also known as \"The Maharatz Chajes\" (מהר\"ץ חיות‎), the Hebrew acronym for \"Our Teacher, the Rabbi, Zvi Chajes\". He is possibly the only commentator included in the back of the Vilna Shas edition with a PhD.", "Chajes was born in Brody. He studied under a number of great scholars of that time, particularly R. Ephraim Zalman Margulies. In addition to his traditional talmudic education, he was educated in modern and classical languages and literature, as well as geography, history and philosophy. In 1846, a law was promulgated in Austria compelling rabbinical candidates to pass a university examination in the liberal arts and philosophy; Chajes received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.\nAt twenty two, he was called to occupy an important rabbinic position in the district of Zhovkva (Zolkiev), Galicia. In this position, he fought against the innovations being introduced into Judaism at that time, while also opposing the increasing conservatism among his Orthodox colleagues. Chajes died prematurely in 1855 at the age of 50, only three years after being appointed to the prestigious post of rabbi of Kalisz (Kalish), Poland.\nChajes produced many works of scientific study of Judaism that were faithful to tradition but modern in their orientation and organization. In this role he is closely associated with Nachman Krochmal and S. L. Rapoport. \"There are few modern works dealing in detail with the Halakha or the Haggadah which have not profited by the labors of Chajes, although his name is often passed over in silence. His Introduction to the Talmud is especially noteworthy...\" . Dr. Bruria Hutner David describes Chajes as \"Traditionalist and Maskil\" - as the subject of her PhD thesis.\nThe name Zvi Hirsch is a bilingual tautological name in Yiddish. It means literally \"deer-deer\" and is traceable back to the Hebrew word צבי tsvi \"deer\" and the German word Hirsch \"deer\".", "Mevo Hatalmud (The Student's Guide Through the Talmud, English edition published by Feldheim, 1952) deals with both the Halakha, the legal aspects of the Talmud, and the Aggadah, the non-legal portions. In this work, Chajes imparts a detailed history and classification of the Talmud and its underlying oral tradition. This work is the first modern attempt on the part of Orthodoxy to formulate the nature, extent, and authority of tradition.\nChajes also authored: \nTorat Neviim: treatises on the authority of Talmudic tradition, and on the organic structure and methodology of the Talmud.\nDarkhei Horaah: an examination of the rules that obtained in Talmudic times in deciding practical religious questions.\nImre Binah: treatises on the relation of Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds, on lost aggadah collections, on the Targumim, on Rashi's commentary to tractate Taanit, and on Bath Kol.\nTiferet L'Moshe\nMinhat Kenaot: against Reform Judaism.\nGlosses to the Talmud, now published as standard in the Romm-Vilna edition of the Talmud.", "Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403917232 / ISBN 9781403938695", "\"Mevo Hatalmud\". Trans. The Students' Guide Through The Talmud, 2 ed., Jacob Shachter, Yashar Books, 2005. ISBN 1-933143-05-3\n\"Rebi Tzvi Hirsch Chayes\", Meir Hershkowits, Mossad Harav Kook, 1972\nChamiel Ephraim, The Middle Way - The Emergence of Modern Religious Trends in Nineteenth-Century Judaism, Academic Studies Press, Brighton 2014, Vol I, pp 34–39, 67-81, 179-219, 365-391, Vol II' pp. 15–37, 139-151, 224-237, 295-298.", "Chajes, jewishencyclopedia.com\nZevi Hirsch Chajes, jewishhistory.org.il\nBruria Hutner David thesis, 1971" ]

[ "Zvi Hirsch Chajes", "Biography", "Works", "References", "Resources", "External links" ]

[ 5360531 ]

[ 27240414, 27240415, 27240416, 27240417, 27240418, 27240419, 27240420, 27240421, 27240422 ]

[ "Zvi Hirsch Kalischer", "Plaque to Kalisher on building in Toruń Old Town" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A9_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Plaque_to_Kalisher_on_building_in_Toru%C5%84_Old_Town.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi (Zwi) Hirsch Kalischer (24 March 1795 – 16 October 1874) was an Orthodox German rabbi who expressed views, from a religious perspective, in favour of the Jewish re-settlement of the Land of Israel, which predate Theodor Herzl and the Zionist movement. He was the grandfather of Salomon Kalischer.", "Kalischer was born in Lissa in the Prussian Province of Posen (now Leszno in Poland). Destined for the rabbinate, he received his Talmudic education from Jacob of Lissa and Rabbi Akiva Eiger of Posen.\nAfter his marriage he left Jacob of Lissa and settled in Thorn, a city on the Vistula River, then in Prussia and now Toruń, in northern Poland, where he spent the rest of his life.\nIn Toruń, he took an active interest in the affairs of the Jewish community, and for more than forty years held the office of Rabbinatsverweser (\"acting rabbi\"). Disinterestedness was a prominent feature of his character; he refused to accept any remuneration for his services. His wife, by means of a small business, provided their meager subsistence.\nThe name Zvi Hirsh is a bilingual tautological name in Yiddish. It means literally \"deer-deer\" and is traceable back to the Hebrew word צבי tsvi \"deer\" and the German word Hirsch \"deer\".", "In his youth he wrote Eben Bochan, a commentary on several juridical themes of the Shulkhan Arukh, Choshen Mishpat (Krotoschin, 1842), and Sefer Moznayim la-Mishpat, a commentary, in three parts on the whole Choshen Mishpat (parts i. and ii., Krotoschin and Königsberg, 1855; part iii. still in manuscript). He also wrote: Tzvi L'Tzadik (צבי לצדיק) glosses on the Shulkhan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah, published in the new Vilna edition of that work; the Sefer ha-Berit commentary on the Pentateuch; the Sefer Yetzi'at Mitzrayim commentary on the Passover Pesach Haggadah; Chiddushim on several Talmudical treatises; etc. He also contributed largely to Hebrew magazines, as Ha-Maggid, Tziyyon, Ha-'Ibri, and Ha-Lebanon.", "Inclined to philosophical speculation, Kalischer studied the systems of medieval and modern Jewish and Christian philosophers, one result being his Sefer Emunah Yesharah, an inquiry into Jewish philosophy and theology (2 vols., Krotoschin, 1843, 1871); an appendix to volume 1 contains a commentary (incomplete) on Job and Ecclesiastes.\nIn the midst of his many activities, however, his thoughts centered on one idea: the settlement of the Land of Israel by Jews, in order to provide a home for the homeless Eastern European Jews and transform the many Jewish beggars in the Holy Land into a population which would be able to support itself by practicing agriculture.\nHe wrote in the Ha-Levanon, a Hebrew (at that period, a renovated language) monthly magazine. In 1862 he published his book Derishat Tzion (Lyck, 1862) on this subject, including many quotes from his commentaries in the Ha-Levanon magazine. He proposed:\nTo collect money for this purpose from Jews in all countries\nTo buy and cultivate land in Israel\nTo found an agricultural school, either in Israel itself or in France, and\nTo form a Jewish military guard for the security of the colonies.\nHe thought the time was especially favorable for the carrying out of this idea, as the sympathy of men like Isaac Moïse Crémieux, Moses Montefiore, Edmond James de Rothschild, and Albert Cohn rendered the Jews politically influential. To these and similar Zionist ideals he gave expression in his Derishat Zion, containing three theses:\nThe salvation of the Jews, which was promised by the Prophets, can only come about in a natural way — by self-help\nImmigration to Israel\nAdmissibility of the observance of sacrifices in Jerusalem at the present day.\nThe appendix contains an invitation to the reader to become a member of the colonization societies of Israel.\nThe second part of the book is devoted to speaking to \"the nations\" which believe in the Bible and the prophets, and persuading them, that this new course in history is a logical one, and they too can hope for the salvation of the Jewish nation as part of the salvation of the entire world.\nThis book made a very great impression, especially in Eastern Europe. It was translated into German by Poper (Toruń, 1865), and a second Hebrew edition was issued by N. Friedland (Toruń, 1866). Kalischer himself traveled with indefatigable zeal to various German cities for the purpose of establishing colonization societies. It was his influence that caused Chayyim Lurie (Chaim Lorje 1821-1878) to form the first society of this kind (Association for the Colonisation of Palestine) in Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1860, and this was followed by the formation of other societies.\nOwing to Kalischer's agitation, the Alliance Israélite Universelle founded the Mikveh Israel agricultural school in Palestine in 1870. He was offered the rabbinate, but he was too old to accept it. Although not all of these endeavors were attended with immediate success, Kalischer never lost hope. By exerting a strong influence upon his contemporaries, including such prominent men as Heinrich Grätz, Moses Hess (see Rome and Jerusalem, pp. 117 et seq.), and others, he is considered to have been one of the most important of those who prepared the way for the foundation of modern Zionism.", "Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch was vocally opposed to Kalischer's proto-zionistic views, writing “We are obligated to follow the ‘well-trodden paths of our ancestors and early leaders,’ who never mentioned any obligation for us to encourage the geulah (redemption) by developing Eretz Yisroel. They mention as the path toward the Redemption only that we become better Jews, repent, and look forward to the geulah.”", "Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403917232 / ISBN 9781403938695 \nקאלישער, צבי מטהארן. \"PDF of Genesis with Sefer ha-Brit commentary\". Hebrewbooks.org. Retrieved 2013-06-18.\nOriginal full version of HaLevanon publishings Archived February 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine in digital format, at the Hebrew University\nOnline version of Drishat Zion Archived February 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine at HebrewBooks.org Archived October 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine\nDerishat Zion. All his published books can be found at the Israel National Library\nקאלישער, צבי הירש. \"Doresh Zion part II\". Hebrewbooks.org. Retrieved 2013-06-18.\nArtscroll Mesorah. Shemesh Marpe. pp. 354–357.", "Allg. Zeit. des Jud. 1874, p. 757;\nJüdischer Volkskalender, pp. 143 et seq., Leipsic, 1899;\nSefer Anshe Shem, pp. 31a et seq., Warsaw, 1892.S. M. Sc.\n This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.", "Jewish Encyclopedia article on Tzebi Hirsch Kalischer", "The personal papers of Zvi Hirsch Kalischer are kept at the Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem. The notation of the record group is A9\\54-58.\nWZO\njafi.org.il\nProto-Zionism and Its Proto-Herzl: The Philosophy and Efforts of Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer\nJewish History Soundbites episode on Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer" ]

[ "Zvi Hirsch Kalischer", "Life", "Works", "Views on the re-settlement of the Land of Israel", "Notable Opposition", "References", "Bibliography", "Article references", "External links" ]

[ 5360532, 5360533 ]

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[ "Lachman, 2009", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ]

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[ "Zvi Lachman (born 1950) is an Israeli sculptor and educator.", "Lachman studied sculpture in classes of Ashkenazi, Sternschuss and Danziger. In 1972 Lachman graduated with BSc degree in civil engineering from Technion. Lachman studied Architecture in Technion from 1973 till 1976, working as an architect in IDF Navy Construction department at the same time. In 1978 - 1980 he studied sculpture with Chaim Gross in New York as well as attending Parsons School of Design, from which he graduated in 1980 with MFA.\nLachman taught at the Avni Institute of Art and Design in Tel Aviv from 1985 till 1989. He teaches painting and sculpture at the workclasses of Tel Aviv Museum of Art since 1987. Lachman taught sculpture and painting in the \"Midrasha\" school of art of Beit Berl from 1992 till 1996 and Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design from 1999 till 2003.\nLachman works are part of collection of Israel Museum and private/corporate collections around the world.", "1977\tPaintings and Drawings, Sof Hashdera, Tel-Aviv.\n1990 \"Figure\", Sculpture, Herzliya Museum of Contemporary Art.\n1990 Works on Paper, Gordon Gallery, Tel-Aviv.\n1993\t\"Head\", Sculptures and works on paper, Gordon Gallery.\n1994\tPainting and drawing, Gordon Gallery.\n1997\tPastels, Gordon Gallery.\n1997 \"Poets portraits\", Poetry Festival, Metula.\n1999 Gilgamesh Bibliophilic book: Edition of 64 books. Sotheby's, Tel-Aviv.\n1999 Gilgamesh, Artspace Gallery, Jerusalem.\n1999 Ransom of the Father Sculptures and works on paper, Museum of Israeli Art, Ramat-Gan.\n1999\tSculpture installation of \"Akedah\" (The Binding of Isaac), Meir Hospital, Kefar-Saba.\n2002\tRecent Works from the Studio, 473 Broadway St., New York.\n2002 Canvasses Against Black, Golkonda Gallery, Tel-Aviv.\n2003\tAngussim, The open Museum, Industrial Park, Omer.\n2004\tAngussim, The open Museum, Industrial Park, Omer.\n2005\tDeathfugue (Bibliophilic book: Edition of 18 books, each includes\n2005 10 etchings signed and numbered by the artist, The print-shop, Jerusalem.\n2006\tSculpture installation of \"Hanna\", Sheba hospital, Tel- Hashomer.\n2006 Sculpture installation of three Head sculptures,\n2006 Sculpture Garden, Herzelia College.\n2007\tAmida (sculpture), Golkonda gallery, 117 Herzel st, Tel-Aviv.\n2007 Poets' Portraits. Beit Reuven Museum, Tel-Aviv.\n2007 Yeshiva University Museum, New York.\n2008\tSculpture installation of \"Asia\", sculpture outside Straus Building,\n2008 The Industrial Center, Petakh-Tikva.\n2008 Thy Face: Poets' Portraits, Wilfred Museum, Hazorea.\n2008 Poets' Portraits. Meisel Museum, Denver, Colorado.\n2008 Poets’ Portraits The Rubin Frankel Gallery, Boston University.\n2011 \tSelf and Portrait Alon Segev Gallery.\n2011 Standing Man, Sitting Woman. Alon Segev Gallery.", "", "\"Kijk en luister\". Npostart.nl. Retrieved 28 June 2018.\n\"Zvi Lachman\". Information Center for Israeli Art. Israel Museum. Retrieved 10 February 2017.\n\"צבי לחמן - עמודים פיסול רב פנים\". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-04-26.\n\"Poets' Portraits: Lines For My Image - Drawings and Sculpture by Zvi Lachman, Tel-Aviv - Past Exhibitions - Yeshiva University Museum\". Yumuseum.org. Retrieved 28 June 2018.\n\"Poets/Portraits: Drawings of Zvi Lachman\". Bu.edu. Retrieved 28 June 2018.", "\"Zvi Lachman\". Information Center for Israeli Art. Israel Museum. Retrieved 1 July 2016.\nZvi Lachman\nZvi Lachman in Mikedem Gallery\nZvi Lachman on Artnet\nZvi Lachman in Alon Segev Gallery" ]

[ "Zvi Lachman", "Biography", "Solo exhibitions", "Gallery", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360534, 5360535, 5360536, 5360537, 5360538, 5360539, 5360540, 5360541 ]

[ 27240440, 27240441, 27240442, 27240443, 27240444, 27240445, 27240446, 27240447 ]

[ "Lieberman's tomb", "Oded Hill" ]

[ 3, 4 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/PikiWiki_Israel_34397_Settlements_in_Israel.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Oded_Hill.JPG" ]

[ "Zvi Lieberman (also Zvi Liberman) (Hebrew: צבי ליברמן) (March 1, 1891 - August 6, 1985) was a Russian-born Israeli children’s book author. He immigrated to Palestine during the Second Aliyah period and helped to found Moshav Nahalal. His books became the basis for two landmark films in the history of Israeli cinema - \"Oded the Wanderer\" (1933) and \"Over the Ruins\" (1938).", "Zvi Lieberman (Livneh) was born in the village of Mankivka near Uman in the Kiev District (now Ukraine). He grew up in a Hasidic Jewish home and attended a traditional heder. Later he went to yeshiva and studied general subjects with a private teacher. His father, Ben-Zion, was a businessman. While many Jewish families in the village earned their living from agriculture, Ben-Zion was a bookish type who stood out for his knowledge of Hebrew. From a young age, Zvi took an interest in Zionism and joined a Zionist youth movement.\nIn 1912, Lieberman immigrated to Palestine with the Second Aliyah. He worked as a manual laborer and farmer in Hadera, Gan Shmuel, Degania Alef and Sejera. In 1921, Lieberman was one of the early pioneers of Nahalal, where he settled permanently.\nLieberman married Rivka Pinski. Their first daughter Heftsiba, born in 1919, died of Malaria in infancy. The couple’s four other children were Sarah, Rachel, Oded (for whom the fictional hero in Oded Ha-noded was named) and Dina. In 1943, Oded was seriously injured after he was attacked by an Iraqi soldier stationed at Ramat David air base. He died a year later at the age of 19. Givat Tel Sifan, a hill near Ramat David, was renamed Givat Oded in his honor.", "During the First World War, Lieberman headed the employment bureau of Hapoel Hatzair. In 1916, he was one of the founders of Hamashbir Hamerkazi, an economic agency established by the Labor movement to supply consumers with reasonably priced goods. From 1919 to 1925, he helped to coordinate aliyah at the center run by the Histadrut labor federation. He was also active in the Jewish National Fund and Jewish Agency. In 1935, Lieberman was sent to the 19th Zionist Congress in Lucerne as a Labor movement delegate. He was an active member of the Farmers Association, the Israel Naval Society and the Moshavim Movement.", "Lieberman began to write in Ukraine, but disposed of all his papers on the eve of his move to Palestine. He published his first story in Gan Yerek, a journal published by Eliezer Yaffe in Petah Tikvah which became the organ of the Hapoel Hatzair in 1920. It was an article about bee-keeping in the Yemenite Jewish community. Over the years, he continued to write commentary and feature articles for Davar newspaper and Hapoel Hatzair.\nIn 1932, he began to write for children, first paperbacks like Oded the Wanderer and then hardcover books. In writing for children, he sought to provide an alternative to the cheap Yiddish books that children in the Yishuv read at the time. Over the years, Lieberman published dozens of picture books, fiction for teens and novels alongside serious research for adult audiences. In his semi-autobiographical A Tale of Love and Darkness, Israeli novelist Amos Oz relates that he read Lieberman’s book Over the Ruins multiple times as a child and it made a lasting impression on him.", "In 1933, Oded ha-noded was made into a silent film. It was the country’s first full-length feature film for children, produced on a shoestring budget with private financing. Important plot details were changed in the film. Oded is a young sabra who goes on a hike with school friends. When he strays from the others to record his impressions of the landscape he finds himself lost in the wilderness. After a week he reaches an Arab village, teaches the inhabitants to read and write, and finally returns home. \nAnother book by Lieberman, Me’al ha-khoravot (Over the Ruins) was turned into a 70-minute film with a soundtrack and dialogue. Lieberman wrote the screenplay himself. Produced in 1938 by Nathan Axelrod and directed by Alfred Wolf, it told the story of children in a Second Temple Jewish village in the Galilee where all the adults were killed by the Romans. The children rebuild the village. Production costs came to 1,000 Palestine pounds. It failed miserably at the box office, but is considered a landmark in the history of Israeli cinema.", "Lieberman wrote for children and young adults on a wide range of themes. Some of his books are about life in the kibbutz and moshav, as in the tale of Oded, a boy who goes hiking with his classmates and gets lost. Others are tales about biblical figures or Jews in the First and Second Temple periods. His novel From Babylonia to Jerusalem (1933) drew an analogy between the return from Babylon and the early waves of immigration to Palestine.\nLieberman also published utopian novels. Khalom ha-shlosha (“The Dream of Three), for example, is about three friends from the city of Safed, one of whom cares only about money, and another, only about having fun. Both are saved from a life of sin and wastefulness by the third friend who establishes a socialist commune. ‘\n’Tevel betkhiyata (Renaissance of a Universe) (1955), about a utopia built by astronauts on a trip to Mars, was one of the first science fiction books written in Hebrew. \nSome of Lieberman’s books were translated into English.", "Ha-dayagim ha-ktanim, 1932 (Hebrew)\nOded ha-noded, 1932 (Hebrew)\nHa-Dayagim ha-Ktanim, 1932 (Hebrew)\nFrom Babylonia to Jerusalem, 1933 (English, Hebrew)\nAleelot Pooty, 1933 (Hebrew)\nKhalom ha-shlosha, 1934 (Hebrew)\nYaldei ha’emek, 1936 (Hebrew)\nGivat ha-yeladim'’, 1936 (Hebrew)\nMe’al ha- khoravot'’, 1938 (Hebrew)\nLost on Mount Tabor, in Sabra Children: Stories of Fun and Adventure in Israel , 1940 (English)\nMasa’ay Zizi hagamad’,’ 1942 (Hebrew), illustrated by David Gilboa\nDina veta’aluleha, 1945 (Hebrew)\nNifgeshu bamoledet, 1945 (Hebrew)\nAmikhai, yedid kol khai, 1950 (Hebrew)\nNehemia: Sipur histori , 1950 (Hebrew)\nAvital ve-Zalzal, 1951 (Hebrew)\nBeharei yerushalayaim, 1953 (Hebrew)\nDavid veyonatan: Sipur livnei no’ar, 1954 (Hebrew)\nTevel betkhiyata, 1955 (Hebrew)\nArba’a malakhim, 1955 (Hebrew)\nGad vehagamad, 1956 (Hebrew)\nYair ha-giladi, 1957 (Hebrew)\nHa-yeled Khai vehakhamor Ashmodai, 1957 (Hebrew)\nShimshon ba’al ha-khalomot, 1957 (Hebrew)\nHanna veshiva baneha, 1958 (Hebrew)\nMakhbo’im, 1958 (Hebrew)\nHa-gamadim ha-adumim, 1959 (Hebrew)\nMa’ayanot: Sipur mekhayeh ha-moshav ha-rishon be-Eretz Yisrael, 1961 (Hebrew)\nNekhalei Akhzav, 1963 (Hebrew)\nHa-nesher ha-gadol, 1964 (Hebrew)\nHarpatka’otav shel Dan, 1964 (Hebrew)\nGidon vekhaverav, 1964 (Hebrew)\nKhayeh akhat khalutzah: Sipur khayeha shel Rivka Livneh Liberman le-vet Pinski, 1964 (Hebrew)\nBishleekhut kalkalit: Khevrat Ampal, koroteha u-pe’ala, 1964 (Hebrew)\nGivat avanim: Sipur, 1965 (Hebrew)\nJewish Farmers in Russia Fields, 1965 (Hebrew, English) \nIkarim yehudim be-rusiya: Skira historit al khakla’im be-rusiya mishnat 1807 (Jewish Agriculturalists on the Russian Steppes), 1965 (Hebrew)\nDavid ve-Aminadav: Sipur histori mitekufat Shaul ve-David, 1966 (Hebrew)\nHa-kana’im ladror: Roman histori mitkufat Bar Kokhba, 1966 (Hebrew)\nThe Children of the Cave: A Tale of Israel and Rome, 1969 (Hebrew, English) \nHa-khamisha, 1969 (Hebrew)\nIn the Beginning: The Story of Abraham, 1969 (English)\nAvram ha-ivri, 1973 (Hebrew)\nMisipurei hakhevraiya, 1973 (Hebrew)\nBein sadeh veya’ar, 1974 (Hebrew)\nMoshe, 1977 (Hebrew)\nBetzel ha-ikaliptus, 1978 (Hebrew)\nKhalomot uma’asim, 1978 (Hebrew)\nMikhayay hapo’alim be-Hadera, 1912-1920, 1983 (Hebrew) \nSivan bakaiyitz uvkhoref, 1998 (Hebrew)", "Ben-Ezer, Ehud (1998). Days of Artemisia. Am Oved. p. 543.\n\nOfek, Uriel (1970). Young World, Massada publishing house, p. 369.\nTidhar, David (1947). \"Zvi Lieberman\" צבי ליברמן. Encyclopedia of the Founders and Builders of Israel (in Hebrew). Vol. 3. Estate of David Tidhar and Touro College Libraries. p. 1405.\n“35 books – the crop of a Nahalal man”, Davar, March 31, 1967 (Hebrew)\nליברמן-כפרי: משפחה שכזאת בנהלל\n\nLieberman, Zvi (November 21, 1969). Conversations with myself. Davar.\nA Tale of Love and Darkness, Amos Oz, p.444-445\nBar-Yosef, Eitan (2007). A Villa in the Jungle: Africa in Israeli Culture in Mark H. Gelber and Vivian Liska (ed). Theodor Herzl: From Europe to Zion. De Gruyter. p. 92.\nOded Hanoded. Israeli Early Cinema.\nCompanion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film, ed. Oliver Leaman\nEshed, Eli (April 2, 2004).\n“Back to the Days of the Bible in Israeli Film and Television”. published originally in (the Israel) Bible Teacher's Journal (Hebrew)\nJewish Farmers in Russian Fields\nLivneh, Tsevi, 1891-1985\nOCLC WorldCat, Tsevi Livneh", "Meir Schnitzer, Israeli Cinema, Kinneret, 1994, pp. 16, 23, 30, 32, 37.\nAmy Kronish, Israeli Film: A Reference Guide, Greenwood Publishing, 2003, p. 107\nInstitute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature" ]

[ "Zvi Lieberman", "Biography", "Public activism", "Literary and journalism career", "Films", "Literary themes", "Published works", "References", "Bibliography" ]

[ 5360542, 5360543 ]

[ 27240448, 27240449, 27240450, 27240451, 27240452, 27240453, 27240454, 27240455, 27240456, 27240457, 27240458, 27240459, 27240460, 27240461, 27240462, 27240463, 27240464 ]

[ "Zvi Lurie, taken at his desk in Tel Aviv between his return to Israel in 1954 and his death in 1968, Most likely 1962." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Zvi_Lurie_1962_FamilyArchives_Portrait.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Lurie (Hebrew: צבי לוריא‎, 1 June 1906 – 21 May 1968) was a Jewish political figure in Mandatory Palestine. A member of the Jewish National Council, he was amongst the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence.", "Zvi Lurie was born in Łódź in the Russian Empire (today in Poland). He immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924. Lurie was a founder of kibbutz Ein Shemer.", "Lurie was a member of Hashomer Hatzair, serving as its general secretary between 1935 and 1937. He was a member of the Jewish National Council on behalf of Hashomer Hatzair, and was co-opted into the Provisional State Council following Israel's declaration of independence in May 1948. He also helped establish Kol Yisrael, which broadcast the declaration.\nAfter signing the declaration, Lurie left Israel to work on strengthening ties between Israel and the Jewish people with the Jewish Agency as a representative of Mapam (of which Hashomer Hatzair was a part). He died in 1968.", "The Signatories of the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs\nFor this reason we congregated Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Iton Tel Aviv, 23 April 2004", "The Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem site. Office of Zvi Lurie (S64)" ]

[ "Zvi Lurie", "Biography", "Zionist and political activism", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360544 ]

[ 27240465, 27240466 ]

[ "Out of the Synagogue (2007) by Zvi Malnovitzer.", "Tvila at the MIkve (1978) by Zvi Malnovitzer.", "Reading Man (2007)", "Refugees (1987) by Zvi Malnovitzer", "Soup Kitchen (2001) by Zvi Malnovitzer" ]

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[ "Zvi Malnovitzer (Hebrew: צבי מלנוביצר, born 1945) is an expressionist painter born to a Haredi, or ultra-Orthodox, religious family in Bnei Brak, Israel. His upbringing in a society isolated from the modern world, where he was dedicated to intensive and uninterrupted Talmudic study from a young age, makes his decision to become an artist unusual, bold, and one of accomplishment. \nDuring his training in Reichenau, Austria, where he studied under the auspices of artist Wolfgang Manner and under the direction of Ernst Fuchs (renowned exponent of Fantastic Realism, a 20th-century group of artists in Vienna combining techniques of the Old Masters with religious and esoteric symbolism), Malnvotizer developed a unique style portraying themes that straddle the religious and secular worlds.\nWhile Malnovitzer's work is inspired by the prolific portraits of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669) and the Romanticism of Francisco de Goya (1746–1828), his style is unique in that it combines European Expressionism with traditional and religious themes. The way he paints is reflective of the way he lives his life - by embracing modern ideas while continuing to preserve his religious traditions. The subjects in his paintings are diverse, ranging from rabbis, to Holocaust survivors, to patrons at coffee shops. The one characteristic that all his works share is that his subjects’ faces, especially their eyes, speak volumes about their life story. The humanity and the universality of his art has made him known throughout the world – in Tel Aviv, Tokyo, Paris, New York City, Los Angeles, London, Amsterdam, Sydney, Berlin, and many other cities where his paintings have appeared in auctions, at galleries, and in exhibitions.", "Malnovitzer was born in 1945 as the only son of a Gur Hasidic family. His father was Polish and his mother German. For his early schooling, his parents sent him to cheder (Hebrew: חדר‎, meaning \"room\"), a traditional elementary school that taught the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language. During his religious studies, Malnovitzer began to paint, using old bed sheets and scraps of wood to create his first oil on canvas work. Young Zvi's talents were soon recognized by his neighbor in Bnei Brak and accomplished Israeli artist, Yehuda Wallersteiner, who agreed to be his teacher at age 13. Wallensteiner taught the young artist the fundamentals of painting in the heart of the Haredi city of Bnei Brak, a society that observes Jewish law so strictly that art is rare. \"I would return to Wallensteiner until I felt that I made paintings that were up to his caliber\", Malnvoitzer said. Other artists began to notice the boy's talent. For instance, the sculptor Ellul Kussov gave him a recommendation, expressing enthusiasm for his gift for painting.\nThe tragic history of his family and of the Jewish people cast a shadow over his entire life and career. Since his childhood, it was his noble mission to struggle with memories of the Holocaust and of exile through painting. At age 12, Malnotivzer sketched a black ink drawing of figures emerging from a cave, with Nazi soldiers perched on a balcony above. He wrote the word \"Galut\", meaning \"exile\", at the edge of the drawing. He was thinking of his family who perished in the Holocaust and the injustice that his grandfather endured by the Nazis, including an attempt to set fire to his beard. For young Zvi, born the year that World War II ended, exile became both a traumatic memory and an artistic inspiration.\nHis commitment to energizing the Jewish cultural scene through painting was matched only by his pride to serve the recently established State of Israel. In 1963, Malnovizter was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). After his service, he was on reserve duty in the Burial Division.", "In 1966, Malnovitzer married his wife Bilha and began working in a carpentry workshop in south Tel Aviv. In this capacity, he befriended the locals of the neighborhood—including vendors, beggars, and drug addicts—who became the subjects of his work.", "In 1977, Malnovizer studied briefly at the Avni Institute in Tel Aviv. He continued his training in Europe, where he was introduced to the works of Rembrandt van Rijn at the Rijksmuseum (Dutch pronunciation: [rɛi̯ks myˈzeʏm]) (English: State Museum), a Dutch national museum in Amsterdam, Francisco de Goya at the Museo del Prado, the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid.\nThe mainstay of his European training took place in Reichenau, near Vienna, where he attended seminars with the artist Ernst Fuchs, one of the founders and the most prominent member of the Vienna School of \"Fantastic Realism.\" Malnvoitzer studied the art of the Flemish and Venetian masters under Fuchs. The renowned Viennese painter later wrote the following testament of his student’s talent before the opening of Malnovitzer’s first major exhibition:\n\"Born in Israel, Zvi is nevertheless at home in the European traditions of painting […] He is moved to painting by a humble piety and this is where his strength lies […] His talent enabled him to quickly grasp the new possibilities opening before him, and I feel sure that friends and admirers of his art – amongst whom I am proud to count myself – will not be disappointed with his artistic achievement. It is in this sense that I wish his first major exhibition every success.\" — Ernst Fuchs, Reichenau/Rax, Austria, August 9, 1979\nMalnovitzer returned to Israel in 1978, during which time he painted works such as Tvila at the Mikveh. Full of passion from his experiences with and exposure to European Masters of painting, he sold his house and car to support his full-time vocation as an artist. After formally establishing his art career, he left Israel once again to study and work in Paris (1979).", "", "Malnovitzer's style is an Expressionism inspired by the dark tonalities and fluid brush strokes of Spanish romantic artist Francisco de Goya and by the monumental portraits of Rembrandt van Rijn. He is known for painting people up-close baring facial expressions that seem simple but convey a dramatic life narrative and depth of emotion.", "", "Although Malnovitzer currently practices Modern Orthodox Judaism, a movement that attempts to synthesize religious values and the observance of Jewish law with the modern world, he continues to identify himself as a spiritual member of the Haredi community in which he was raised and educated. His spiritual ties to this community inspire scenes in his art of Hasidic figures \"serving God through the worldly\". Malnovitzer abides by the Hasidic belief that the physical world is only an extension of the spiritual – accordingly, his paintings seek to bring out the presence of the spiritual through the material.\nIn Cry (1984), Malnvotizer painted a Hasidic Jew spreading his arms in alarm, his mouth ajar and his awestruck eyes in terror. The figure directs his agony skyward in a gesture that connects the material to the spiritual world of faith. His Bull Dance (1985) addresses this connection in the opposite way – by revealing the living presence of the divine with earthly, bestial, and corruptible mankind. In this painting, former Hasidic Jews perform the dance of the bull, a symbol of the material world and of the golden calf, synonymous with decadence, materialism, and idol worship in the Jewish tradition.", "Malnovitzer's art is inseparable from the history of his family and people. His notion of peoplehood reflects the idea that Jews are family, distant cousins of common ancestors who have ties to their ancient, Biblical homeland and now the modern State of Israel In Refugees (1987), Malnovitzer painted figures whose faces were undefined, but whose features, including head coverings, beads, and long clothing, made them readily identifiable as Jewish. Their dehumanized and indistinct faces convey the pain of repeated exiles throughout Jewish history. In this particular work, he alluded to a modern-day exile – a sequel to the Exodus from Egypt, the Babylonian exile, or expulsion from Spain – by portraying an uprooted Jewish settlement from hills of Samaria. It is the only painting ever produced on the subject.\nThe following year, Malnovitzer painted Exodus (2007), depicting the disengagement from the Gaza Strip, the unilateral evacuation of 21 civilian Jewish settlements. Although the work refers to a specific political event, he linked this modern day \"exile\" with ones that Jews have endured since Biblical times. This link is reinforced by the title – a direct reference to the Exodus from Egypt – and by his choice of portraying elderly figures, which make them more universal refugees, not exclusively those evicted from Gaza or Jews in general. They represent a condition of the loss of hope and of unanswered pleas from God.", "The first painting that Malnovitzer sold in his exhibition in Japan was a portrait of a rabbi smoking a cigar. \"At first, I didn't understand why the Japanese man identified with the rabbi\". He proceeded to ask the patron what he saw in the face of the figure, and he replied, \"there is something universal about the face, and about the human experience in general\".\nMalnovitzer often paints scenes from daily life – both Jewish and gentile. The places and characters of his paintings seem ordinary – strangers at coffee shops, homeless men at soup kitchens, and drunks at bars. The expression on their faces, however, hold back extraordinary stories that are more than what meets the eye.", "1977 – Sarah Kishon Gallery, Tel Aviv (group exhibition)\n1977 – Herzl Street Bakery, Tel Aviv (solo exhibition)\n1978 – Bental Gallery, Tel Aviv (solo exhibition)\n1979 – affiliated with the Hadassah Klatchkin Gallery, Tel Aviv\n1979 – Schoninger Gallery, Munich (solo exhibition)\n1980 – Hadassah Klatchkin Gallery, Tel Aviv (solo exhibition)\n1982 – Philadelphia (group exhibition)\n1983 – Lillian Heidenberg Gallery, New York\n1983 – Urbach Gallery, Vienna (group exhibition)\n1983 – Yeshiva University Museum, New York (solo exhibition)\n1986 – Marunouchi Gallery, Tokyo (solo exhibition)\n1988 – affiliated with Mayanot Gallery, Jerusalem\n1992 – Marunouchi Gallery, Tokyo (solo exhibition)\n1996–2012 – represented by the Mayanot Gallery, Jerusalem\n2000 – publication of an important catalog by Mayanot Gallery, Jerusalem\n2002 – Waldorf Astoria, New York (solo exhibition)\n2002 – Artist Reception and Sale, Gala Dinner for the Rabin Medical Center, New York City. Event featured 42nd President of the United States William J. Clinton, Co-Founder and Vice Chairman of Apax Partners, Inc. Alan Patricof, and CNN talk show host Larry King.\n2007 – Mayanot Gallery, Jerusalem (solo exhibition)", "Ofrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum (October 2007). Zvi Malnovitzer. Mayanot Gallery. p. 9.\nIbid\nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. p. 10. \nZvi Malnovitzer. Personal Interview, 12 July 2012\nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. pp. 9, 10. \nZvi Malnovitzer, Personal Interview\nIbid\nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. p. 16. \nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. p. 9. \nZvi Malnovitzer, Personal Interview\nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. pp. Mayanot Gallery. \nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. pp. Mayanot Gallery. \nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. p. 15. \nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. pp. 15, 16. \nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. p. 15. \nZvi Malnovitzer, Personal Interview\nZvi Malnovitzer, Personal Interview\nIbid. \nOfrat, Dr. Gidon and Dov Elbaum. pp. Mayanot Gallery.", "Media related to Zvi Malnovitzer at Wikimedia Commons" ]

[ "Zvi Malnovitzer", "Early life", "Career beginnings", "Education", "Art", "Style", "Themes", "Haredi Judaism", "Holocaust and Exile", "Scenes from Daily Life", "Exhibitions and Galleries", "References", "External link" ]

[ 5360545, 5360546, 5360547, 5360548, 5360549 ]

[ 27240467, 27240468, 27240469, 27240470, 27240471, 27240472, 27240473, 27240474, 27240475, 27240476, 27240477, 27240478, 27240479, 27240480, 27240481, 27240482, 27240483, 27240484, 27240485, 27240486, 27240487, 27240488, 27240489 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Israeli_Author_Zvi_Nir.jpg" ]

[ "Tzvika Nir (Hebrew: צביקה ניר, born 14 August 1946) is an Israeli writer, poet, lawyer and former politician. He briefly served as a member of the Knesset in 1996 and is currently chairman of the Hebrew Writers Association in Israel.", "Born in Cluj-Napoca in Romania, Nir immigrated to Israel in 1948. His father Samuel was forcibly recruited to the Hungarian Army during World War II and spent time as a prisoner at a forced labor camp. His mother Hannah was a survivor of Auschwitz concentration camp. His younger and only brother, Amos, was killed in action in the Yom Kippur War.\nNir grew up in Kiryat Tiv'on and in 1958 moved to Ramat Gan where he graduated from Ohel Shem high school. He went on to study law at Tel Aviv University and has been a practicing lawyer since 1974.\nNir was originally a member of the Independent Liberals, and was fourth on the party's list for the 1977 Knesset elections, but failed to win a seat as the party received just one mandate. He later joined Shinui, and was third on the party's list for the 1988 elections, in which it won two seats.\nPrior to the 1992 elections he joined the Labor Party, and although he failed to win a seat, he entered the Knesset on 21 May 1996 as a replacement for Ora Namir, who had resigned to take up the post of ambassador to China and Mongolia. However, he lost his seat in the June elections, and did not even have time to take his oath of allegiance. He was later elected to Ramat Gan city council as an independent, and ran unsuccessfully for mayor in 2003. Nir served 30 years as a counselman in the Ramat Gan city council (until 2013), including a term as Head of Culture.", "Nir's first published work was a 1993 book of children's poems dedicated to his three daughters. In 2005 he gained a master's degree in general literature from Tel Aviv University. His first full-length novel, The Hand that Executed Me was published in 2012, followed by Time of the Heart (2013) and Truth (2016). In 2017 he published his first poetry book Otthon, which was followed by God of Burning Desires in 2019. In 2015 he became chairman of the Hebrew Writers Association in Israel.", "In 1973 Nir married Dalia, a high school teacher. He has three daughters, and is a grandfather of six.", "Amos Nir Izkor\nKnesset members in the Thirteenth Knesset Knesset website\nהיד שהוציאה אותי להורג Hakibbutz Hameuchad -Sifriat Poalim\nאמת Hakibbutz Hameuchad -Sifriat Poalim", "Zvi Nir on the Knesset website" ]

[ "Zvi Nir", "Biography", "Literary career", "Personal life", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360550 ]

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[ "Zvi \"Zvika\" Ofer (Hebrew: צבי עופר; 1932–1968) was an Israeli soldier and the commander of the Israel Defense Forces Haruv Reconnaissance Unit, and recipient of the Israeli Medal of Valor for the 1962 Nuqeib operation in Syria. In 1967, he served as the military commander of Hebron and Nablus.", "One was born in Petah Tikva to parents who had moved to British Mandatory Palestine during the Third Aliyah. His parents were among the founders of the settlement Kfar Azar. As a youth, Ofer joined the Haganah. He initially delivered Haganah newspapers to its subscribers, hung pro-Haganah posters in the middle of the night and oiled the guns belonging to the settlement. At sixteen, he left school and joined the Palmach, the elite strike force of the Haganah. He fought in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and participated in Operation Danny in which the Arab occupied towns of Lod and Ramle fell to Jewish forces. His military talents did not go unnoticed and he was handpicked for officer’s training. In the midst of his training, he learned that his Palmach unit was gearing up for Operation Yoav, an offensive in the Negev region. He left officer’s school to join his unit in time for the offensive. By the end of the war, he attained the rank of sergeant while his classmates had not yet enlisted in the army.\nOfer was married and had four children.", "Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, he returned to civilian life but reenlisted in 1952. He was first assigned to a unit that tracked down Arab guerilla infiltrators. Later, he joined the paratroops and partook in many reprisal operations of the 1950s. During Operation Kadesh, Ofer commanded a paratroop platoon that took part in the Battle for the Mitla Pass. Later, forces under his command took part in the taking of the Sharm el-Sheikh military base, thus clearing the way for Israeli shipping to pass through the Gulf of Aqaba, which had hitherto been blocked by Egyptian cannon.\nIn the early 1960s, he was given a command position within Sayeret Golani. His unit became known as \"The Flying Tiger\". In 1962, Syrian artillery on the Golan Heights bombarded Israeli civilian targets, including fishermen on the Sea of Galilee. The Israel Defense Forces felt that retaliation was warranted and chose a Syrian military target near the village of Nuqeib. Ofer’s unit played a central role in operation Snunit (Swallow) which resulted in the destruction of the chosen targets. During the operation, Ofer charged the Syrian pillboxes while firing his machinegun and throwing grenades. He yelled at them, “surrender; you don’t stand a chance,” before silencing them with antitank fire. During the Six-Day War, his was one of the few battalions that did not see combat as his assigned objectives, Bethlehem and Hebron, fell without a shot. Following the Six-Day War, Ofer was appointed military governor of Hebron and Shechem and was lauded for his performance in those roles.", "Ofer wanted to rejoin a combat unit and after a request, was assigned command of the Haruv Reconnaissance Unit. The unit's primary responsibility was to conduct special reconnaissance and scout along Israel's border with Jordan in order to combat Arab guerrilla infiltration in the Jordan Valley. In 1968, Ofer was killed in action in Wadi Qelt, west of Jericho, while in pursuit of militants who had crossed the Jordan River. The Arab guerrillas were on their way to attack civilian targets and the force led by Ofer intercepted them before they could reach their target. Ofer was the sole Israeli fatality in the engagement, which also resulted in the killing of two guerrillas and the capture of six others along with a large weapons cache.\nAt his graveside, the Commanding Officer of the Central Command, General Rehavam Ze'evi said of Zvi Ofer, \"the figure Zvika, the country boy, the youth in the Palmach, the scout, the commander, and the instructor, will remain engraved in our hearts\".\nThe IDF Camp Ofer and Ofer Prison, founded in December 1968, are named after him.", "Michael Bar-Zohar, Lionhearts, Heroes of Israel, Warner Books (New York 1998), p. 193\nIsraeli elite units since 1948. By Sam Katz, Samuel M. Katz, Ron Volstad. p.47\nKatz & Volstad, p.46\nAmir Oren (15 January 2009). \"Color Red, White House, Green Line\". Haaretz.\nBar Zohar, 195\nBar-Zohar, p.196-197\n\"Israeli officer says he made up one of the IDF's most iconic tales of heroism\".\nTeveth, Shabtai (1969/1970) The Cursed Blessing. The story of Israel's occupation of the West Bank. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. SBN 297 00150 7. Translated from Hebrew by Myra Bank. Page 347.\nIsraeli officer dies in fight with Arabs, The Progress-Index, December 22, 1968\nBar Zohar, 197" ]

[ "Zvi Ofer", "Early life and the 1948 war", "Border wars, the Suez war and the Six-Day War", "Last battle and death", "References" ]

[ 5360551 ]

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[ "Zvi-Gersh Preigerzon (October 26, 1900 – March 15, 1969) was a Ukrainian Jewish author who specialized in historical prose of a historically fictional nature. The author wrote his books in the Original Hebrew while in the Soviet Union - which caused his arrest. Preigerzon was also a scientist and inventor in the mineral processing field. Further recognized for his scientific works by being named Dean of the Moscow State Mining University.\nBy the early 1920s Zvi's writing has become the focal point of his life. The author wrote his books and short stories in secrecy and in constant fear of arrest by the Soviet authorities. These were partially published in overseas Hebrew / Zionist periodicals between 1927 and 1934, it was only in the 1960s that Zvi's books and stories saw publication in Israel with a vast majority of the works being published after his death. In the early 2000s his books were gifted to, and accepted by, the Library of Congress; the library misspells the author's last name as Preigerson instead of Preigerzon; their archive can be viewed here. A further catalogue of works is also available at the Russian State Library, this catalogue includes some of the author's engineering works and is available here (in Russian)\nDue to nature and location of his work and his usage of the pen name A. Tsefoni / Tsfoni, Zvi Preigerzon never saw any commercial success from his writings during life and never sought it. After his death all of his works were translated into Russian and there exists an initiative to have an English translation completed as well.\nSeveral Jewish authors have referenced Zvi Preigerson and his books in their works, namely: Jehoshua A. Gilboa, Yosef Govrin, Yaacov Ro'i, Mordechai Altshuler and Moshe Shamir.", "", "Zvi-Gersh (or Hirsh) Preigerzon was born on October 26, 1900, in his family home at Shepetivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast in what is today a part of Western Ukraine. One of three brothers born to Israel Preigerzon (1872-1922) of Krasyliv - a small businessman in the cloth industry, and Rachel (Raisa) with the maiden-name of Galperina (1872-1922) also of Krasyliv. Rachel was of the Volhynia line of Rabbi Dov-Ber Karasik. Zvi's parents gave the future author a traditional religious education, the family celebrated Jewish traditions and spoke Hebrew and Yiddish. Zvi's father made it his task to introduce his children to \"new\" Hebrew literature and commonly read from the works of Abraham Mapu and Judah Leib Gordon and Jewish periodicals of those days.\nFrom the days of his early childhood, Zvi had developed a profound appreciation of the Hebrew language and was known to muse that (in translation) \"the Jewish thrill has poisoned my blood forever\". This phrase can be found used again in his book Hevlei Shem (Burden of a Name).", "Given his passion to the language and Jewish themes it came as no surprise when Zvi started writing poems and short stories in Hebrew. Seeing the passion of his son, Israel sent Zvi's notebooks to Hayim Nahman Bialik in Odessa, impressed Mr. Bialik commented on the talents of the young author and recommended that he be given a solid education in Hebrew. Following this advice, in 1913 the boy is sent to Palestine to attend the prestigious Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium (currently located in Tel Aviv) where all instruction was conducted in Hebrew.\nAs recapped in his book Unfinished Story Zvi arrived in Palestine on the Steamship Yerushalayim (Jerusalem) with a group of other students bound for the school which the author attended for one year. During his stay, the young writer has strengthened his language skills and gained a profound appreciation for the Holy Land and its people and their songs. He also attributed his belief in the necessity of a Jewish state to this early time and wrote that only such a state would allow his fellow Jews to be forever free to persecution, humiliation and suffering. Zvi was well aware of these atrocities through the Ukrainian Pogroms.\nDue to illness Zvi was sent back home for the 1914 summer holidays but could never return to his beloved school as on August the 14th World War I had started - with the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire (occupying Palestine) being belligerents towards one another. Zvi instead continued his education in Odessa and upon passing the entry exams at the age of fifteen was admitted to Lublinska Academy as the school was relocated from Poland at the start of the war. Admission to the school was allowed for the children of Jewish refugees families - exactly the position in which the Preigerzon family found itself in.\nDuring those uneasy years Zvi had graduated from a local Music Conservatory as a violin player, yet he never relinquished his love of the Hebrew language. In the evenings he was known to visit the Yeshiva of Chaim Tchernowitz (better known as The Young Rabbi or Rav Zair). It is at this Yeshiva that Zvi was mentored by the very Hayim Nahman Bialik who was responsible for the young author's visit to the Holy Land and by the Jewish historian Joseph Klausner.\nIt was in this very institute, under the tutelage of such great teachers, where Zvi had fully committed to his life work of Hebrew Literature.\nShortly after the 1917 October Revolution the newly forming Soviet Union would outlaw Hebrew and create the conditions for Hebrew literary endeavors becoming an illegal and dangerous activity. Zvi faced a major dilemma: a choice between getting a higher education he so much desired and immigrating to Palestine. His decision would shape the rest of his life as he chooses to pursue his education, acquire a profession and only than depart for Palestine; not knowing that very soon World War II and the Iron Curtain would make such departure impossible.", "", "After a short and unremarkable term of service in the Red Army in 1920, Zvi moved to Moscow and was accepted into the Moscow State Mining Academy (today known as The Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys) and with the passage of years became one of the foremost mineral processing experts in the USSR. Zvi's efforts were further recognized by the university as in 1935 he was made a Dean of the institute. However, his scientific achievements were not what made him a memorable figure in the Jewish culture - over the next fifteen years, Zvi's stories and poems continued being published in non-soviet Jewish journals such as Ha Tkufa (התקופה), Ha Olam and Ha Doar.\nDuring these uneasy years, Zvi met his wife Lea (then residing in Krolevets), they were wed in 1925 and returned to Moscow. The couple had 3 children: Athaliah (Asya) Preigerzon (1928-2015) an accomplished physician in later life, Nina Priegerzon (1930–present day) a psychiatrist and published author and Benjamin Preigerzon (1937-2012) who followed in his father's footsteps and became an Engineer (educated in the same University as his father Zvi).\nAs an interesting side note - all 3 of Zvi's children and Zvi's wife Lea had immigrated to Israel in the 1970s.", "With the Hebrew language being for all intents and purposes banned by the USSR the Jewish culture necessarily adopted an Yiddish as their alternative language. These changes affected Jewish authors as they had to not only switch their language of trade but also abide by Soviet literary regulations - per the increasingly harshly enforced rules of censorship in the Soviet Union. Namely, all Soviet authors had to lionize the government and the activity of the Communist Party and to express admiration for all state heroes.\nZvi ignored these mandates and continued writing in Hebrew, giving his characters simple Jewish names and complicated Jewish problems. The author did so as his works were secret and were not meant for Soviet publication.\nMost of Zvi's writing during this time were circled around the Character Benjamin the Fourth - as seen in the book When the Lamp Fade Away, this character was based on the author's self-image. The stories center around loving and soft-spoken persona - people trapped in the reality of revolution, war and the destruction of their religious and cultural traditions.\nWith the beginning of the Great Purge contact with international entities, let alone other countries, were becoming extremely dangerous. Zvi is forced to stop mailing his stories and poems overseas yet continues writing in secret.", "Shortly after the initiation of the war, due to his profession Zvi was recalled from the People's Militia and sent by the Ministry of Natural Resources to Karaganda as the location became the prime provider of coal after the conquest of Donbass by the Third Reich.\nThe Holocaust and overall suffering of the Jewish People had a tremendous influence on Zvi and inspired the book When the Lamp Fades Away (The Perpetual Fire) - in which, once the Jews are exterminated or driven out of City of Hadiach a memorial lamp that has been alight for over a century goes dark. The closing sentiments of the book are Zionist wishes for a land where the Jews would be safe of such suffering. Zvi wrote this work in Hebrew and complete secrecy, so much so as to hide the efforts from his own Family. Never satisfied with the work the author rewrites it numerous times, only finishing it in 1962. The book is later published in Israel in 1966 under the pen name A. Tsfoni.", "", "Between 1945-1948 Zvi continues to write stories with the main messages of Jewish Holocaust and World War II. This activity is ever risky and the Stalin regime withholds as much information on Jewish war suffering due to increasing antisemitism in the Soviet Union. This area of writings contains a greater amount of spirituality which was not present in the author prior to the war. An example of this is found in the story \"Shaddai\" (1945) where a talisman with that word is a key device in the plot. Other characters in stories of this time return to the faith of their forefathers when faced with war and terror.", "On March 1, 1949 Zvi Preigerzon is arrested as a result of the arrest of his friends, the Hebrew author Zvi Politikin, 1895-1968 (Pen Name: Moshe Heg) and Hebrew expert Meir Baazov.\nThe arrests were provoked by a friend by the name of Alex Gordon. Zvi was sentenced to 10 years as an anti-soviet dissident and sent Gulag labor camps. The author served his sentence in three different institutions in the Karaganda area: in Inta, Abez camp and Vorkuta. When imprisoned in Vorkuta, Zvi was given the ability to use his professional education and was made the head of a research unit focusing on mineral processing.\nAside from the practical tasks assigned to Zvi and his team, the author conducted research and got a patent, while imprisoned, for the creation of an innovative coal collecting machine. Zvi was considered ideologically rehabilitated by December 1955 but voluntarily stayed in Vorkuta until 1957 to finish his scientific work.\nWhile in camp, Zvi taught many young Jews Hebrew and Jewish literature. One such student was Meir Gelfond, a future doctor, who opened a Hebrew Language school in Moscow in the 1970s.", "After his release from the camps, Zvi traveled to Moscow and started working on Memoirs of a Gulag Prisoner finishing the volume in 1958. The book describes his experiences over the past decade and the many people he met and interacted with; among these the poets Samuel Halkin, Jacob Steinberg and Joseph Karler.\nIn Moscow Zvi was recognized for his scientific achievements and made a Dean of the Moscow State Mining University where he proceeded to teach and create educational materials in his field of expertise. The author spends his nights writing in Hebrew and has commented in the \"Memoirs of a Gulag Prisoner\" that he would face a second and third arrest but would not stop writing in his beloved language.\nDuring the 1960s Zvi writes two major stories (in translation) \"Hebrew\" (1960) and \"Twenty Heroes\" (1965). \"Hebrew\" is largely somewhat of autobiographical story with the main character being the language itself which prisoners use to communicate. \"Twenty Heroes\" is a return to faith type story in which pensioners reopen an old synagogue in post World War II Soviet territory despite the misgivings of the local authorities. These writings were expressions of the author's continued desire to return to the holy-land.", "On March 15, 1969 Zvi Preigerzon died from a complicated heart attack in Moscow and was cremated. Rather befitting the complicated nature of the author's life, his journey would only end in 1970 in the very country of which he wrote and to which he wished to return.\nZvi's relatives worked for over a year to have his ashes sent to Israel (via postal mail as no other option was available) and a second burial took place on June 22, 1970 at the Shefayim Cemetery in Israel.\nIn 1986 Zvi's widow Lea had joined her husband in the Shfayim cemetery in Israel. Two of their children are now buried there as well: Benjamin (on August 23, 2012) and Athaliah (on October 29, 2015).", "Most of Zvi's works are available in Russian on Google Books:\n1. Burden of a Name\n2. An Unfinished Story\n3. Memories of a Gulag Prisoner\n4. A book written by Nina Preigerzon (Zvi's daughter) about the author: My Father Zvi Preigerzon", "Several audio tapes have been digitized and published on YouTube and can be found here, due to the nature of the original recordings the quality is mediocre at best.", "Gilboa, Jehoshua A.; Gilboa, Yehoshuna A. (1982). A Language Silenced. ISBN 9780838630723. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nGovrin, Yosef (October 18, 2013). Israeli-Soviet Relations, 1953-1967. ISBN 9781135256623. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nRo'i, Yaacov (October 30, 2003). The Struggle for Soviet Jewish Emigration, 1948-1967. ISBN 9780521522441. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nAltshuler, Mordechai (1998). Soviet Jewry on the Eve of the Holocaust. ISBN 9789652229168. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\n15 June 2000 - 100 years from the day of birth of the Author. YouTube. September 22, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nPreigerzon, Tsvi. \"БРЕМЯ ИМЕНИ\". google.co.il. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nPregerson, Tsvi (January 2011). \"НЕОКОНЧЕННАЯ ПОВЕСТЬ\". google.co.il. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nPreigerzon, Tsvi (January 2005). \"ДНЕВНИК ВОСПОМИНАНИЙ БЫВШЕГО ЛАГЕРНИКА\". google.co.il. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\n\"When the Lamp Fade Away\". knizhniki.ru. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nPreigerzon, Tsvi. \"БРЕМЯ ИМЕНИ\". google.co.il. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\n\"Устройство для обогащения угля\". patents.su. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nPreigerzon, Tsvi (January 2005). \"ДНЕВНИК ВОСПОМИНАНИЙ БЫВШЕГО ЛАГЕРНИКА\". google.co.il. Retrieved September 29, 2015.\nGilboa, Jehoshua A.; Gilboa, Yehoshuna A. (1982). A Language Silenced: The Suppression of Hebrew Literature and Culture in the Soviet Union. ISBN 9780838630723." ]

[ "Zvi Preigerzon", "Early life", "Childhood and family", "Palestine and World War I", "Adulthood", "Military service and higher education", "The Yiddish era", "World War II", "Older years", "Post War years", "Arrest", "Post arrest", "Death", "Works", "Audio / video materials", "References" ]

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[ "Zvi Schreiber (/ˈtsviː/ (born 9 June 1969) is a British-Israeli serial entrepreneur, executive, and author. He founded high-tech startups like G.ho.st, which at the time was considered the only high-tech startup with a joint Palestinian–Israeli team. In 2011 Schreiber was CEO of Lightech which he sold to GE Lighting.", "Zvi Schreiber has a BA in Mathematics from the University of Cambridge, an MSc in Theoretical Physics (Quantum Fields) from Imperial College London, and a PhD in Computer Science from Imperial College London. He is the brother of Daniel Schreiber, CEO and co-founder of Lemonade. Schreiber also studied at Yeshivat Har Etzion.", "Schreiber is the CEO of startup logistics technology company Freightos, a digital booking platform for international air and ocean freight that he describes as the \"equivalent of Expedia/Orbitz/Kayak for the shipment of goods rather than people\". Under Schreiber's leadership Freightos also acquired WebCargo which is a booking platform for freight forwarders, airlines and ocean liners, and launched the daily Freightos Baltic Index (FBX) of containerized shipping prices.\nIn 2011 Schreiber was CEO of Lightech Electronic Industries Ltd, based in Israel, where he had served as a director since 1996. His father David Schreiber, an experienced businessman and investor, chaired the board. Lightech was acquired by GE Lighting at the end of 2011, during Schreiber's tenure.\nSchreiber founded the following companies:\nIsraTec Limited\nTradeum Inc, acquired by VerticalNet\nUnicorn Inc, acquired by IBM\nGhost Inc (which traded as G.ho.st and has now closed operations).\nFreightos Limited\nSchreiber has been invited to speak at software industry events and economic conferences. \nHe is a co-inventor of several patents and patent applications. He is the author of a paper presenting a Distributed Ledger Technology (Blockchain) algorithm named k-root-n.", "Money, Going out of style, a book which explains the fundamentals of money and explores modern issues of inequality and money printing without inflation.\nBad Hair Day, a small picture book with his own photography\nFizz: Nothing is as it seems, which tells the story of the history of physics through a novel about a troubled young girl who time travels to meet Galileo, Newton, Einstein, and others, in the genre of Sophie's World. It earned a five star Clarion rating.", "One team, two offices: Israel and Palestine Fortune Small Business, 10 March 2009.\n\"Tech Startup Bridges Mideast Divide\", BusinessWeek, 27 December 2007\n\"Co-operation in the ether\", The Economist, 23 July 2009\n\"Lightech Announces Zvi Schreiber as CEO\", Edison Report, 1 February 2011\n\"The Nine Lives of Schroedinger's Cat\", MSc thesis, Imperial College, January 1995.\n\"About Us\". Freightos.\nAbel, Shira (9 June 2013). \"Freightos: Bringing Sexy Back to the Freight Industry\". The Next Web.\n\"Freightos Buys Air-Cargo Rival to Boost Online Marketplace\". Wall Street Journal. 31 August 2016.\n\"Container freight rates soar on consumer goods boom, supply chain kinks\". Reuters. 18 November 2020.\nLightech's website\nLightech's team as of 2010\n\"GE Lighting buys LED co Lightech for $20m - Globes\". 20 July 2011.\nVerticalNet Buys B2B Trading Partner Internet News, 8 March 2000.\n\"IBM Acquires Yet Another Business Intelligence ISV\", Enterprise Systems, 17 May 2006\n\"Israelis and Palestinians Launch Web Start-Up\", New York Times, 29 May 2008.\n\"The Entire D6 G.ho.st Demo\", Wall Street Journal, D: All Things Digital conference 2008\nG.ho.st at Demo 2008 conference\nInnovate Europe 2007\nMilken Institute Global Conference 2009\nUS Patent Office search\nSchreiber, Zvi (February 2020). \"k-root-n: An Efficient Algorithm for Avoiding Short Term Double-Spending Alongside Distributed Ledger Technologies such as Blockchain\". Information. 11 (2): 90. doi:10.3390/info11020090.\nMoney, Going out of style, book website\nMoney, Going out of style, book on Amazon\nBad Hair Day? (Mini Book in the Charming Petite Series)\nFizz web site\nFizz on Amazon\nForeword Clarion Review of Fizz.", "Books by Zvi Schreiber at Amazon.com \nFizz official web site\nFreightos' web site" ]

[ "Zvi Schreiber", "Biography", "Business career", "Published works", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360563 ]

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[ "Zvi Saliternik (Hebrew: צבי סליטרניק; 16 May 1897 – 1994) was an Israeli entomologist.", "Sliternik was born in 1897 in Ploskirów, in the Podolia region of Russian Empire (now known as Khmelnytskyi, in Ukraine). He began studying medicine in Russia, but did not complete his studies before emigrating in 1919 to Mandate Palestine. There he met Shoshanah Lissauer, a Jewish tourist volunteer from Berlin, Germany, whom he married in 1929.\nHe returned to his studies, studying biology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1946, he received a doctorate.\nSliternik began his entomology work in 1921, as a member of a small unit headed by Dr. Israel Kligler, to develop inexpensive and efficient methods of fighting malaria, which ultimately resulted in the total eradication of malaria in 1962.\nHe was appointed regional supervisor for the elimination of malaria in the Jezreel Valley and supervised the draining of the marshes in the vicinity of Hadera, as well as additional areas throughout the country. Sliternik served as director of entomological service in the IDF in 1948 and was subsequently director of the entomological department in the Israel Ministry of Health from 1949 to 1962.", "In 1962, Sliternik was awarded the Israel Prize, in medicine, for his work on the eradication of malaria in Israel.", "List of Israel Prize recipients", "\"Israel Prize recipients in 1962 (in Hebrew)\". Israel Prize Official Site. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012." ]

[ "Zvi Sliternik", "Biography", "Awards", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360564 ]

[ 27240547, 27240548, 27240549 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/52/Weinberg_zvi.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Meir (Henry H.) Sophia (Hebrew: צבי ויינברג‎, 12 August 1935 – 21 December 2006) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael BaAliyah between 1996 and 1999.\nBorn in Brekov in Czechoslovakia (today in Slovakia), Weinberg emigrated to Canada and developed there his academic career. He held a PhD in French Literature, chaired academic seminars on Zionist thought and served as deputy chairman of the \"Canadian Professors for Peace in the Middle East\" organization.\nWeinberg made aliyah to Israel in 1992 and joined public actions to encourage immigration of the Soviet Jewry to the State of Israel. He was a founding member of the political party \"Yisrael BaAliyah\" and was placed on its list of candidates for the 1996 Knesset elections. Weinberg served in the Knesset for a single term and was a member of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, Economic Affairs Committee and the Education and Culture Committee.", "Zvi Weinberg on the Knesset website\n\"Zeidy's prayer\", Aish HaTorah website" ]

[ "Zvi Weinberg", "External links" ]

[ 5360565 ]

[ 27240550 ]

[ "Professor Zvi Wiener" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Wiener is a Professor of Finance and the former dean of the Hebrew University Business School Business administration at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "Wiener has Ph.D. in mathematics from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot (1994). He completed postdoc at the Wharton Business School of the University of Pennsylvania and then joined the Fixed Income division of Lehman Brothers in New York City. Since 1996 Wiener joined the Hebrew University faculty.\nWiener is the former Head of the Finance Department and the academic manager of the Executive MBA program specializing in Finance and Banking at the Hebrew University.\nWiener is one of the founders of the Professional Risk Managers' International Association (PRMIA) and serves as a director of PRMIA in Israel. He also served as a consultant for many institutions like Pension funds, Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Israel, Israel Securities Authority and the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Wiener also served at the Bank of Israel foreign reserves investment committee.\nWiener provides lobbying services to Bank Hapoalim, and also holds a private company, named Optimize Risk Management Ltd. According to an investigation by The Marker magazine, Wiener's private activities violate the directives of the Supervisor of Wages and Labor Agreements since he serves at the same time as Dean at the Hebrew University and founded by the Israeli government. According to Wiener these activities are in line with regulations. However, the Council for Higher Education did not confirm his claim and instruct the Hebrew University to examine Wiener's employment exception. The Enforcement Branch at the Office of the Supervisor of Wages and Labor Agreements also initiated an examination of that exception. It was also reported that Wiener has promoted a private entrepreneur's appointment at the Hebrew University immediately before the last contributed a large amount of money to the School of Business Administration at the Hebrew University.\nWiener won the Rothschild Fellowship for young scholars of outstanding academic merit and the Alon fellowship for young excellent Scientists. He also won the Teva prize named after Dan Suesskind for research on Dividend policy.", "His areas of expertise are Financial modeling, Risk Management, Options and other derivatives with Applications to Corporate finance, Structured product, Stochastic process, Monte Carlo Simulation and Game Theory.\nResearch of Wiener was published in academic journals including Journal of Finance\n, Review of Financial Studies, Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal of Derivatives, Journal of Game Theory, Journal of Money Credit and Banking, Journal of Corporate Finance and many others.", "Kremer, I., Wiener Z., & Winter, E. (2016), Flow Auctions, International Journal of Game Theory.\nCserna, B., Levy, A. & Wiener, Z. (2013), Counterparty Risk in Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs), Journal of Fixed Income, 23(1), 76-101.\nLevy, H. & Wiener, Z. (2013), Prospect Theory and Utility Theory: Temporary versus Permanent Attitude Toward Risk, Journal of Economics and Business 68, 1-23.\nGalai D. & Wiener, Z. (2012), Credit Risk Spreads in Local and Foreign Currencies, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 44(5), 883-901.\nGoldstein M., Irvine, P., Kandel, E. & Wiener, Z. (2009), Brokerage Commissions and Institutional Trading Patterns, The Review of Financial Studies, 22(12), 5175-5212.\nGalai D. & Wiener, Z. (2008), Stakeholders and the Composition of the Voting Rights of the Board of Directors, Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(2), 107-117.\nCvitanic J., Wiener, Z. & Zapatero, F. (2008), Analytic Pricing of Executive Stock Options, The Review of Financial Studies, 21(2), 683-724.\nGalai D., Raviv, A. & Wiener, Z. (2007), Liquidation Triggers and The Valuation of Equity and Debt, Journal of Banking and Finance, 36(12), 3604-3620.\nLeippold M. & Wiener, Z. (2004), Efficient Calibration of Trinomial Trees for One-Factor Short Rate Models, Review of Derivatives Research 7, 213-239.\nO'Neill B., Samet, D., Wiener, Z. & Winter, E. (2004), Bargaining with an Agenda, Games and Economic Behavior 48, 139-153.\nGalai D. & Wiener, Z. (2003), Government Support of Investment Projects in the Private Sector A Micro-Economic Approach, Financial Management, 32(3), 33-50.\nBenninga S., Bjork, T. & Wiener, Z. (2002), On the Use of Numeraires in Option Pricing, Journal of Derivatives, 10(2), 43-58.\nBergman Y., Grundy, B. & Wiener, Z. (1996), Generalized Theory of Rational Option Pricing, The Journal of Finance 51(5), 1573-1610.", "Binomial options pricing model\nHo–Lee model\nShort-rate model\nBlack–Karasinski model\nValue at risk", "\"Zvi Wiener\". at ResearchGate website\n\"Zvi Wiener\". at The Jerusalem School of Business Administration Website\n\"Executive MBA program\". at the Hebrew university Business School\n\"PRMIA Founders\". at PRMIA Founders website\n\"Regional Directors\". at PRMIA website\n\"Zvi Wiener\". at Israel Securities Authority Website\nחרותי-סובר, טלי (2017-11-27). \"הדקאן בעברית שמחזיק חברה פרטית - והיזם שתורם מיליונים ומקבל פרופסורה\". TheMarker. Retrieved 2018-02-21.\nשדה, שוקי (2017-10-27). \"\"30 אלף שקל בחודש כנראה לא מספיק\": הפרופסורים שעושים כסף מהצד\". TheMarker. Retrieved 2018-02-21.\n\"Zvi Wiener\". at Yad Hanadiv website\n\"Zvi Wiener Biography\". at IRMC website\nBergman, Yaacov Z.; Grundy, Bruce D.; Wiener, ZVI (1996). \"General Properties of Option Prices\". The Journal of Finance. 51 (5): 1573–1610. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.143.5637. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1996.tb05218.x. at Wiley Online Library\n\"Brokerage Commissions and Institutional Trading Patterns\". at Oxford Academic website\nGalai, Dan; Raviv, Alon; Wiener, Zvi (2007). \"Liquidation triggers and the valuation of equity and debt\". Journal of Banking & Finance. 31 (12): 3604–3620. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.200.1409. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.01.012. at Scienca Direct website\nBenninga, Simon; Björk, Tomas; Wiener, Zvi (2002). \"On the Use of Numeraires in Option Pricing\". Journal of Derivatives. 10 (2): 43–58. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.203.5760. doi:10.3905/jod.2002.319195. S2CID 201347519. at CiteSeerx website\nKremer, Ilan; Wiener, Zvi; Winter, Eyal (2017). \"Flow auctions\". International Journal of Game Theory. 46 (3): 655–665. doi:10.1007/s00182-016-0549-3. S2CID 206890543. at EconPapers website\nGalai, DAN; Wiener, ZVI (2012). \"Credit Risk Spreads in Local and Foreign Currencies\". Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 44 (5): 883–901. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.146.628. doi:10.1111/j.1538-4616.2012.00514.x. at Wiley Online Library\nGalai, Dan; Wiener, Zvi (2008). \"Stakeholders and the composition of the voting rights of the board of directors\". Journal of Corporate Finance. 14 (2): 107–117. doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.02.005. at ScienceDirect Website", "Wiener official website\nProfessor Wiener at the Hebrew university website\nProfessor Wiener at Milken Innovation Center website\nProfessor Wiener at PRMIA website\nSimon Benninga and Zvi Wiener (1998). Binomial Term Structure Models, Mathematica in Education and Research, Vol. 7 No. 3 1998\nSimon Benninga and Zvi Wiener (2003). Efficient Calibration of Trinomial Trees for One-Factor Short Rate Models\nWiener, Zvi. (2002). Duration, Hebrew University of Jerusalem\nMarkus Leippold and Zvi Wiener Valuation and Hedging of Interest Rates Derivatives with the Ho-Lee Model, Wharton School\nInnovation News by Maariv\nח\"כ כבל על ועדת פישמן: \"גם עניין אלוביץ' יגיע לפתחנו\", באתר גלובס" ]

[ "Zvi Wiener", "Biography", "Research", "Selected published works", "Wiener research in articles", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360566 ]

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[ "Zvi Yanai" ]

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[ "Zvi Yanai (Hebrew: צבי ינאי ; June 9, 1935 – December 16, 2013) was an Israeli civil servant and author.", "Sandro Toth (later Zvi Yanai) was born in Pescara, Italy. His father was a baritone singer from Budapest and his mother was a prima ballerina from Gratz, Austria. They were not married. His father was Christian and his mother was Jewish. He was raised as a Protestant but converted to Catholicism in 1942 and studied for the priesthood.\nHe immigrated to Mandatory Palestine at the age of 10 and was sent to Kibbutz Ramat David. He later served in the Israel Defense Forces and worked at IBM-Israel for many years.\nYanai became a self-described atheist, but nevertheless felt a strong connection to Jewish history and thought.\nYanai was head of Israel's Ministry of Science in 1993–1997, and editor of the periodical Mahshavot (Thoughts). Some of the ministry's programs continue to function due to his initiatives. His then-innovative ideas to bring the general public closer to science will continue to be the basis for many of our activities in the future,” Peri said. Yanai was a “pioneer who opened up the world of science to the layman. His work can still be identified in popular culture today,” he concluded.", "\"DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek\" (in German). D-nb.info. Retrieved 2012-09-03.\n\"Philosopher Tzvi Yanai Passes Away at 78 - Latest News Briefs\". Israel National News. Retrieved 2013-12-16.\nThe other life of Zvi Yanai" ]

[ "Zvi Yanai", "Biography", "References" ]

[ 5360567 ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Zvi_Yavetz_%28cropped%29.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Yavetz (26 April 1925 – 7 January 2013) was an Israeli historian. He was a professor of ancient history at Tel Aviv University.", "Zvi Zucker (later Yavetz) was born in Czernowitz, Ukraine. When he was five years old, he was diagnosed with polio and his father committed suicide. After the German occupation in 1941, he was sent to a concentration camp. His relatives, including his mother, were murdered, but he survived the Holocaust and escaped in 1944. Arriving in Turkey, he was transferred to Cyprus and eventually reached Mandatory Palestine.\nInitially, Yavetz joined a kibbutz in the Jordan valley. Then he left to study modern history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. While at university, Yavetz worked as a teacher for deaf and speech impaired children. He received a master's degree and PhD in history, classics and sociology in 1950 and 1956, respectively. In 1960, he carried out post-doctoral research at University of London and Lund University.\nYavetz died in January 2013 and was buried at Kibbutz Tel Yitzhak cemetery.", "After completing his PhD., Yavetz helped to found Tel Aviv University. In 1956, he was named the department chair of general history and later, dean of humanities faculty at the university.\nIn 2008, Yavetz published his autobiography, My Czernowitz. He adopted his mother's family name, Yavetz, when he learned that all members of her family had been killed in the Holocaust.", "In 1990, Yavetz was awarded the Israel Prize for humanities. In 1997, he was awarded a doctorate (Honoris Causa) from Beer Sheba University and Munich University.", "Aharon Appelfeld (5 March 2008). \"A city that was and is no longer\". Haaretz. Retrieved 25 January 2013.\nOfer Aderet (8 January 2013). \"Distinguished Israeli historian Zvi Yavetz dies at 87\". Haaretz. Retrieved 25 January 2013.\nIrad Malkin (1995). Leaders and Masses in the Roman World: Studies in Honor of Zvi Yavetz. BRILL. p. 5. ISBN 978-90-04-09917-3.\n\"Zwi Yavets\". ISRO. Retrieved 25 January 2013.\nNeri Brenner (8 January 2013). \"Israel Prize laureate Prof. Zvi Yavetz dies\". Ynet News. Retrieved 25 January 2013.", "Media related to Zvi Yavetz at Wikimedia Commons" ]

[ "Zvi Yavetz", "Biography", "Academic and literary career", "Awards and recognition", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360568 ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "Zvi (Zvika) Yehezkeli (Hebrew: צבי (צביקה) יחזקאלי, born August 17, 1970) is an Israeli television journalist and documentarian. He is an Arab affairs correspondent and head of the Arab desk at Israeli News 13, the news division of Israel 13.", "Zvi Yehezkeli was born in Jerusalem to a secular family with Iraqi Jewish and Kurdish Jewish origins. He has two younger sisters. His father's family immigrated from Iraq when he was a year old and his mother was born en route from Kurdistan to Israel. In the Israel Defense Forces, Yehezkeli served in an elite infantry unit. After his discharge he worked for the Shin Bet, and traveled abroad for six years working as a security guard at embassies. He became interested in Islam while working in Europe and seeing Yitzhak Rabin shaking Yasser Arafat's hand during the Oslo I Accord ceremony on television. When he returned to Israel at the age of 25, he attended the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, majoring in Media and Middle East History, and studying Arabic, becoming fluent in the language. In 1997, he moved to Hebron, and then to Jenin, to achieve a better grasp of the Arab culture and language.\nIn the early 2000s, Yehezkeli was a popular television presenter, and \"lived a bachelor's life at high speed\". After the Second Lebanon War, he planned to go on a 5-week tour of India. On the way, Yehezkeli stopped in Uman to visit the grave of Nachman of Breslov, and spent Shabbat with a religious family, deciding after to become a baal teshuva (returnee to Judaism). He is married to Meital and is the father of five children. They live in Gush Etzion.", "Yehezkeli joined Israel's Army Radio as the Gaza and West Bank reporter and occasionally contributed to the Israeli Channel 1's \"Yoman\" with various reports. During this time, he also completed his Master's majoring in Middle East History, as well as graduating in Media and Journalism at the Koteret school of journalism. In 2002, he joined News 10 as the head of Desk for Arab Affairs.\nIn 2010, he announced that President Mahmoud Abbas had a standing invitation to appear on Channel 10 to respond to allegations that several of his senior aides have embezzled international aid transferred to the Palestinian Authority.\nIn September 2012, Allah Islam, a documentary series about Muslims in Europe that Yehezkeli created with David Deri, debuted on Channel 10. In it, Yehezkeli stated that he went to Europe with an open mind to understand the worldview of the people he sought to interview. In 2015, Assaf David, a co-founder of the Forum for Regional Thinking, an Israeli think tank, while acknowledging that Yehezkeli commanded a thorough understanding of the issues, nevertheless characterised his style as being \"hysterical\", which played upon people's fears by accentuating the views of the extremists. Yehezkeli responded that what he has portrayed is the reality, and critics are free to go to Europe and produce their own documentaries.\nAt an international forum at Bar Ilan University in June 2013, Yehezkeli spoke about his interviews with Yasser Arafat: \"In 2002 I sat with Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat, whose government compound was under siege in Ramallah. I asked him how he interprets Western rationale, and he replied that he is not a partner to this rationale.\" Yehezkeli said he also asked Arafat about Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak's offer to accede to 99% of his demands. Arafat replied that Barak's offer was closer to 0% than to 100% because Barak refused to give in to all of his demands.\nFor a few months during 2016 and 2017, Yehezkeli went undercover in Europe and the United States under a variety of Arab aliases to investigate the Muslim Brotherhood's presence there. The fruit of his exploits, the 5-part series BeZehut Beduya (בזהות בדויה, Under a False Identity) aired on Channel 10 in February 2018. The series created some controversy, both in Israel and abroad, with online commenters speculating that the Mossad was involved in its production.\nYehezkeli is regarded as one of Israel's leading Arabists.", "Television in Israel", "Leibovitz, Liel (23 February 2018). \"An Israeli Reporter, Undercover Among Europe's Muslim Immigrants\". Tablet. Retrieved 9 March 2020.\nSwissa, Eran (4 October 2019). \"In 10 Years, the Muslim Brotherhood Will Dictate the Tone\". Israel Hayom. Retrieved 9 March 2020.\nKupfer, Ruta (2006-07-25). \"Nasrallah and Me\". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2018-06-11. Retrieved 2018-06-11.\nAmir, Daniel (5 March 2018). \"The Obsession With Exposing the 'Muslim Mindset'\". 972 Magazine. Retrieved 9 March 2020.\nSpiro, Amy (5 February 2018). \"False Identity: The Jewish-Israeli Reporter Who Went Undercover as a Sheikh\". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 March 2020.\nChannel 10 invites Abbas to address corruption allegations, Maan News Agency\nIzikovich, Gili (12 September 2012). \"Israeli Outsider Turns Camera on Europe's Muslim Outsiders\". Haaretz. Retrieved 8 March 2020.\nGlazer, Hilo (28 June 2015). \"Israelis Telling the Middle East Like It Is\". Haaretz. Retrieved 12 March 2020.\nBar-Ilan University Hosts Ninth Ambassadors' Forum\n\"צביקה יחזקאלי מסעיר את מדינות ערב: \"נשלח על ידי המוסד הישראלי\" [Zvika Yehezkeli Agitates the Arab Nations: 'He Was Sent By the Israeli Mossad']. Maariv on-line (in Hebrew). 5 February 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2020." ]

[ "Zvi Yehezkeli", "Biography", "Media career", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360569 ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "Zvi Yehuda (Hebrew: צבי יהודה‎, born Zvi Zaltzman in 1887, died 3 October 1965) was a Zionist activist and later a politician.", "Born in Uman in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Yehuda organised two Zionist youth groups in Uman, Degel Zion and Tzeiri Zion. In 1906, he made aliyah to Ottoman-controlled Palestine, and was amongst the founders of Kvutzat Kinneret in 1908. In 1912, he helped establish Degania, the first kibbutz. During World War I he served as a member of the Galilee Workers Committee.\nIn 1920, Yehuda travelled to Europe to help immigrants of the Third Aliyah. The following year he helped found Nahalal, the first moshav ovdim, and was a director of the Moshav fund and a member of the Moshavim Movement's secretariat, as well as the Farmers Federation and Histadrut trade union. He helped establish Hapoel Hatzair movement, and was a member of its central committee. He also helped establish Hapoel Hatzair and Tzeiri Zion in the United States.\nIn 1949, he was elected to the first Knesset on the Mapai list. However, he lost his seat in the 1951 elections. He died in 1965.\nHis wife was Nettie Antonow, daughter of Ben-Zion Antonow and Fanny Sharegordsky Antonow, founders of Ramat Gan, Israel.", "Zvi Yehuda on the Knesset website" ]

[ "Zvi Yehuda", "Biography", "External links" ]

[ 5360570 ]

[ 27240590, 27240591, 27240592 ]

[ "Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook (right) with Rabbi Abraham Shapira", "Kook (left) with rabbis Shlomo Goren (middle) and Abraham Shapira (right) at Mercaz HaRav, 1981", "Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook lights the torch, independence day eve, 1957", "Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook with Israeli forces at the Western Wall shortly after its capture in 1967" ]

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[ "Zvi Yehuda Kook (Hebrew: צבי יהודה קוק, 23 April 1891 – 9 March 1982) was a prominent ultranationalist Orthodox rabbi. He was the son of Rabbi Avraham Yitzhak Hacohen Kook, the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of British Mandatory Palestine. Both father and son are credited with developing Kookian Zionism, which became the dominant form of Religious Zionism. He was Rosh Yeshiva of the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva.\nKook's fundamentalist teachings were a significant factor in the formation and activities of the modern religious settlement movement in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza, largely through his influence on the Gush Emunim movement, which was founded by his students. Many of his ideological followers established such settlements, and he has been credited with the dissemination of his father's ideas, helping to form the basis of Religious Zionism.\nKook presided for nearly six decades over the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva (The Rabbi's Centre) founded by his father in Jerusalem, which became \"the flagship yeshiva of religious Zionism\", where hundreds of future militants, opposed to territorial compromises and promoting Israeli settlement of the occupied Palestinian territories, received their formative education.", "Zvi Yehuda Kook was born on the eve of Passover in 1891 in Zaumel in the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Žeimelis in Northern Lithuania), where his father served as rabbi and was a prominent local Zionist. His mother was his father's second wife, Reiza Rivka, the niece of Eliyahu David Rabinowitz-Teomim, Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem together with Shmuel Salant. Kook was named after his maternal grandfather, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Rabinowitz-Teomim.\nIn 1896, his father, with his entire family, moved to Boisk, Latvia, where he ran a yeshiva and served as a parish rabbi. There Kook studied Talmud under the guidance of Rabbi Reuven Gotfreud, the son-in-law of Rabbi Yoel Moshe Salomon, one of the founders of Petah Tikva. Later, from 1999 onward, Zvi was also tutored by Benjamin Menashe Levin, a guest of their family. His father, until his dying day, was to remain Zvi Kook's principal teacher, though at this time he hired a private tutor to teach his son Russian.\nIn 1904, at age 13, he moved to Jaffa, when his father was appointed Chief Rabbi of the city, then part of Ottoman-controlled Palestine. Like his father, he would celebrate each year the date of his Aliyah to the Land of Israel, on the 28th day of Iyyar.\nIn 1906, Kook, by then 15, went to study at Torat Haim under its Rosh Yeshiva, Rabbi Zerah Epstein. Some years later he returned to his father's home in Jaffa, where he continued his studies. It was around this time that he developed a close relationship with Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Harlap, with whom he studied Kabbalah. Harlap formed part of his father's close circle. In 1908, he began to edit his father's writings, a task he continued down to his death, as he considered himself the only person capable of authoritatively interpreting them. It has been claimed he contributed to the preface on Halacha regarding the sale permit(heter mekhirah) for the Sabbatical year attached to his father's work Shabbat Haaretz, which was published in 1910.\nFeeling that he had not devoted enough time to Torah study he first went to Porat Yoseph, the leading Sephardic yeshiva of Jerusalem. Then, on Binyamin Levin's suggestion, he left for Halberstadt, Germany to teach at the local yeshiva and study philosophy. In addition to his own studies, Kook taught Talmud, Halacha, and Bible to young men in the area.\nWith the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was arrested as a citizen of the Russian Empire, an enemy of Germany. After several weeks in a detention camp in Hamburg, he was released and allowed to return to Halberstadt, where he needed to report once every two days in the local office. Only the following year, at the end of 1915, was he granted permission to leave Germany and join his father, who was stranded in St. Gallen, Switzerland, due to the war. There he continued to study under his father's guidance, until the latter left to fill a rabbinic position in London in 1916.\nIn 1920, he returned to Palestine (then under the British Mandate) and began teaching at Netzakh Israel school. A year later, he went to Europe to promote his father's new movement, Degel Yerushalayim (the standard of Jerusalem), a spiritual complement of secular Zionism.\nIn 1922, he married Chava Leah Hutner in Warsaw. Chava Leah died childless in February 1944, and Kook refused to remarry, remaining a widower until his death nearly 40 years later. From 1923, he served as the administrative director of the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva. After Harlap died in 1952, he became Rosh Yeshiva until his own death. The yeshiva assumed its present stature only much later.\nKook père had died in 1935, at a time when religious thinkers had a negligible impact on the yishuv and his ideas had failed to attract much attention among both religious and Zionist Jews. The yeshiva's fortunes waned, and it struggled to survive down to the 1960s, when it managed to attract a spare 20 students. In the mid-sixties, its standing rapidly improved as a result of frustrations encountered among elite graduates of Bnei Akiva when their attempts to exert influence in the National Religious Party were met with a rebuff. Thereafter, this group, which constituted a secretive fraternity called Gahelet (including such rabbinical figures as Eleazar Waldman, Moshe Levinger and Haim Druckman) shifted their attentions towards Zvi Kook and his yeshiva. After the Six-Day War in 1967, of which he has been called 'the ultimate theologian,' he induced the Israeli government to approve the building of settlements in the West Bank and Gaza, and sent his students to that mission. He subscribed to his father's view that the Chief Rabbinate in Palestine was the precursor of the future Sanhedrin.\nHe wrote little in his final years. His remarks were elliptical in their allusive references to rabbinical traditions many of his followers were unfamiliar with, and his authority rested more on his charismatic figure – charisma was something his father stressed – than his writings. He died in Jerusalem on 9 March 1982, which coincided with Purim that year, and was buried in the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery. His passing created a leadership vacuum within Gush Emunim, which subsequently moved in the direction of collective decision making.", "Zionism began as a secular movement often led by disbelievers many of whom rejected Jewish religious traditions, one of which held that any collective 'return' of the Jewish people, as opposed to individual aliyah, depended on the direct intervention of the Messiah. The Kooks' innovation consisting in elaborating a theology that bridged the gap between a faith that saw Zionism as a heresy, and the Zionist programme for the development of a secular state for Jews. As Kook's father phrased it, a Jewish polity must \"build secularly and sanctify afterwards.\"", "Zvi Kook, together with Harlap, was heir to a tradition of messianic demonizing thought going back at least to Judah Alkalai, in which the redemption of Jews in Israel was a premise for, and precursor to, the general uplifting of mankind. Whereas his father viewed Zionists as unwitting agents in the divine plan for redemption, – only a 'slim membrane' was all that separated antinomian messianism, of the type disastrously exemplified by Shabbatai Zevi, from authentic messianic redemption,- Zvi Kook went one step further. Believing that the secular state already embodied in nuce the hidden spark of the sacred, he argued that the messianic age of redemption had already arrived This task was to be furthered in the present age by extending Jewish rule over the land occupied by Israel in 1967, also by means of settlements. This redemptive process across generations would, he argued, involve three stages, the first of which had already been achieved: (a) the establishment of the State of Israel, a contemporary expression of the Davidic Kingdom; (b)the restoration of complete Jewish sovereignty against Amalek; and, once these two preconditions were satisfied (c) the Third Temple would be established on the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount in Jerusalem.\nWithin Gush Emunim, now defunct, his words were often reported and taken to be akin to prophecies. In Kook's vision, Jews were unique, the yardstick for mankind, with Judaism forming the core of humanity and reality itself, and Israel analogized to the soul while the world at large was likened to the body.In this context, Zvi Kook extended the ideas of his father and his fellow student of kabbalah Harlap, who had an outlook of hostility to Gentiles and asserted that the failure of the peoples of the world to surrender to Israel would cause their downfall. Kook took this Jewish nationalism as in fact cosmopolitan, in the sense that the redemption of the world was contingent on Israel, an idea that proved influential with the early Hapoel HaMizrachi thinkers.\nKook saw in the establishment of the modern State of Israel a major step in the redemption of the Jewish people (Atḥalta de-geulah). Many Torah scholars envision redemption as a future era that arrives complete from the very start, and not an ongoing process. Kook claimed that the process was evidenced in the development of Israeli agriculture where every tomato and banana was invested with 'sanctity'. He based this idea on(Ezekiel 36:24–28):But you, O mountains of Israel, will produce branches and bear fruit for My people Israel, for they will soon come home, and Rashi’s gloss on the way it had been interpreted as an indication of the End by Rabbi Abba at Sanhedrin 9. Rashi wrote: \"When the Land of Israel gives its fruit nicely, then the End is near, and there is no more [to the] revealed End [than this].\"\nAccording to his disciple, rabbi Eliyahu Avichail, who founded the immigrant organization Amishav in 1975, Kook himself advised him to search for dispersed communities of Jews who had lost contact with their roots, prepare them for conversion (giyur) and facilitate their 'return' to Israel. He believed he had discovered such lost Jews, putative remnants of the Ten Lost Tribes, in India and Nepal among Tibetan-Burmese peoples such as the Mizo and Hmar. Though initially considered a 'crackpot', Avichail succeeded, after conferring on these peoples the ethnonym Bnei Menashe, in having some two thousand relocated in Israel, especially in the Israeli settlement near the Palestinian city of Hebron, namely Kiryat Arba, through financial assistance from his philanthropical sponsor Irving Moskowitz.", "Though his own father was long tempted by the antinomian strain of Jewish messianism, World War 1 had led him to conclude that the great source of contemporary evil lay in the antinomian dispensation of Christianity. Zvi Kook's ideology, reflecting his father's 'intense loathing' or theological disdain, is characterized by a staunch hostility to Christianity, which he regarded as a 'crime against Israel', the 'refuse of Israel', an image recalling Talmudic traditions of Jesus, 'the criminal of Israel' (poshea Israel), being boiled in excrement. Christianity was a form of idolatry, a blasphemy against the divinity of Jews. He refused to back away from the antisemitic notion that Jews bore responsibility for Jesus's crucifixion. This apparently was one of his ways of repudiating the victim mentality ascribed to Jews in diaspora.\nHe began to outline his opinions in this regard in 1952, after concluding that Israel's establishment constituted a war against Western Christendom. Rummaging through two millennia of sources uncritically, such as Toledot Yeshu, he revived a tradition of anti-Christian polemics which, according to some critics, had not seen the likes for over a millennium. Key points in this attitude affirm that Christianity is a Jewish heresy; that whereas the Christian god is dead, the Jewish god is alive. He asserted that the term min/minim apostates in rabbinical literature indeed denoted Christians.\nWhen the Vatican hoisted the Israeli flag on the occasion of Golda Meir's visit to Pope Paul VI in 1973, Kook sneered at the pope as an old galakh (shaven, i.e. tonsured Christian priest) unashamedly raising a symbol that signified the destruction of Christendom. He wanted to rid Israel of Christian and ultimately Western influences, something that extended down to opposing the use of the Gregorian civil calendar. He avoided reading his father's works in the light of Western philosophy because that would be a form of \"spiritual miscegenation\". This influenced his views of Judaism, the authentic version being that practiced and taught in modern Israel as opposed to the Judaism of the exilic diaspora, which was, he thought, irremediably inflected by the deleterious effects of living among Christians.\nHis writings on this theme circulate among Israeli settlers, or Torah purists aspiring to a life of secluded study and, conversely, among anti-semites.", "Sometimes among his acolytes called the \"prophet of Greater Israel,\", Kook's father had taught that settlement of the land should come about by peaceful means, not by war. In 1938 the rabbi of Tel Aviv, Moshe Avigdor Amiel (1883-1946), argued that even if the redemption were to be enabled by killing Arabs, that option would have to be repudiated since it would mean redemption through bloodshed.\nNonetheless, his mystical meditations on war, published in 1921 and edited by Zvi Kook with the title Orot me-Ofel (Lights from the Gloom), which would assume great significance after 1967 among his son's settler acolytes, could be read as providing Kook's rabbinical endorsement for using war to appropriate land, as in the following passages:\n'When there is a great war in the world, the power of Messiah is aroused.The time of song (zamir) has arrived, the scything (zamir) of tyrants, the wicked perish from the world, and the world is invigorated and the voice of the turtledove is heard in our land.'\nThe ability demanded of the Jewish people is the ability to appropriate the powers of the nations, Esau's aggressive powers, and to use them on the path to the \"celestial Jerusalem.\"\nAt the same time, dissenters could challenge this use of Kook's authority by citing another passage from the same tract:-\n'Until such happy times as it will be feasible to conduct an independent national policy without recourse to vicious and barbaric practices.. it is not in the interest of Jacob to wield sovereignty, when this entails wholesale bloodshed and ingenuiity of a sinister kind.'\nZvi Kook, with his irredentist perspective, ratcheted up a notch his father's theology of war. Every one of the wars engaged in, prior to the establishment of the state down to the Yom Kippur war, were, in his interpretation, stages on the path of Israel's redemption. While ruling out out aggressive war, Zvi Kook did preach that recourse to military force was justified if Arabs refused to acknowledge Jewish rights to the land and if they also opted to wage war. According to his former student, David Samson\n He compared [our situation] to a man who was forcefully expelled from his home, which others seized and trespassed upon. That is exactly what happened to us. Rav Kook stressed that the Arabs had, and have, absolutely no national right to the land. If they deny the justice of our cause, and choose to go to war against us, we must persuade them – he said – with our tanks.'", "The teachings of Zvi Kook are considered to be the source for the ongoing tension among Israeli settlers between the idea that the state of Israel is sacred, and doubts whether its secular authority could be exercised independently,\nInitially, Zvi Kook had expressed unreserved support for Zionism, and was fiercely opposed to orthodox critics of that ideology, seeing Zionism as a vehicle embodying God's will for the redemption of the Jews. Even before the Six Days War Kook expressed concern for Jewish Biblical sites in the adjacent West Bank under Jordanian rule. On the eve of the outbreak of hostilities he shocked his students by speaking of the 'truncated' state of the Land of Israel, inducing in them a sense that they had sinned in forgetting about places like Hebron, Shechem and Jericho. He hailed Israel's 1967 victory as proof of the emergence of God's leadership over both Israel and the entire world. The Yom Kippur War proved to be a watershed moment for his thinking. In its aftermath, his views underwent a sea-change. He vigorously opposed proposals to yield territory such as those being advanced by Henry Kissinger, whom he dismissed as 'the goy woman's husband', arguing that God's desire for the territorial integrity of the Land of Israel, in his view a single sacred entity, overruled any human desire for negotiated compromises. The laws of the Torah took precedence over secular law.\nAt a 1974 lecture delivered at Merkaz Haraz in the presence of Moshe Dayan, he stated that moves to yield the Golan, and the West Bank would lead to a war, one that would be fought 'over our bodies and limbs'. The Gush Emunim movement predominantly formed by religious Zionists soon came under the dominating influence of graduates from Mercaz HaRav driven by a messianic activism to thwart territorial compromises. Surrendering territory was, he taught, as strictly forbidden as eating pork, since foreign sovereignty over any part of the Land of Israel would be treif.\nEventually Zvi Kook came round to considering the Israeli government itself as illegitimate, as a tyrannical dictatorship. It was an offense to God to seek Gentile support. Referenda thermselves were illegitimate because they could never overturn the prescriptions of the Torah He opposed Menachem Begin's peace negotiations with Egypt – in his view the Sinai formed part of Biblical Israel -and also Begin's proposal to allow West Bank Palestinians administrative autonomy. These ideas, if acted on, would constitute in Kook's view treason and would cover Israel with 'eternal shame' Though Kook disapproved of religious coercion in Israel, he argued that the rabbinical concept of peace, shalom reflected a state of absolute justice, which required at times the force of coercion, and did not entail, as in the modern assumption, an implicit renunciation in principle of recourse to violence. Peace will only obtain when the Biblical Land of Israel is revived, with the Temple, and the subservience of the nations of the world to the Chosen People.\nHe staunchly opposed any political moves to relinquish parts of the Land of Israel.\n\"We are not a nation of conquerors. We are returning to the land of our fathers. No one, no prime minister, has the authority to renounce any part of the country. It belongs to the entire people of Israel, to the Jews of Pakistan, the United States and the Soviet Union.\"", "According to the widow of Rabbi Meir Kahane, Kook greatly admired Kahane. When Kahane formed a political party, Kook endorsed his bid for a Knesset seat. Though he had originally been a staunch supporter of the National Religious Party, he broke with them in 1974 after they entered the Rabin government over his opposition. In his letter of support to Kahane, he stated: 'The presence of Rabbi Meir Kahane and his uncompromising words from the Knesset platform will undoubtedly add strength and value to the obligatory struggle on behalf of the entire Land of Israel.' The announcement of his support of Kahane and his letter were made available to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency.\nAccording to his student Rabbi Uzi Kalheim, however, Kook's support of Kahane was more nuanced. The rabbi approved of Kahane's activities in the U.S. to protect Jews and bolster Jewish pride. But in Israel, Kook did not agree with Kahane's positions but felt that Kahane should have the right to a place in the Knesset and express his views there, even though Kook did not assent to them. He is quoted as explicitly writing that his support for Kahane was \"without any identification with or connection to the specifics of his words and aims\".", "Kook's view was that Israel's struggle with the Arabs over the Land of Israel is a national one. While denying that Jews had ever expelled Palestinians in the Palestinian exodus in 1948-49 – in his view they had all simply ran away of their own accord, through cowardice or exaggerated fear – Zvi Kook thought those remaining could stay provided they accepted that the land was Jewish, and acquiesced in their status as a minority. Prior to 1967, he considered the conflict between Arabs and Israelis as ethnic not religious. They were in his view unlike Christians, whom he considered idolatrous, a purely monotheistic people and therefore, in their case, the conflict with Jews would be a passing matter. The rights of individual minorities were to be respected. When the Israeli High Court ruled that the Elon Moreh group of settlers had to evacuate lands under Palestinian ownership and belonging to the village of Rujeib, the rabbi told his followers to abide by the court's verdict, even though his ideological view was that \"there is no such thing as Arab land in Eretz Israel.\" Benny Katzover recalled: \"The rabbi told us several times, 'We cannot damage land belonging to Ahmad and Mustafa', that we couldn't touch lands that had belonged to Arabs for generations.\"\nOn several occasions he sent letters to newspapers expressing his displeasure over reports that Arabs were being maltreated.", "Zvi Kook's influence as a religious authority on the fundamentalist rabbis who drove the settler movement has been thought of as to some degree analogous to the impact of religious figures like Sayyid Qutb and Ayatollah Khomeini on younger generations of intellectuals who were to figure prominently in the radicalization of Islam.\nThe most well known among his students are rabbis Shlomo Aviner, Zvi Thau, Yisrael Ariel Zalman Melamed, Yitzchak Sheilat, Dov Lior, Zephaniah Drori, Yoel Bin-Nun, Eliezer Melamed, David Samson, Haim Drukman, Moshe Levinger, and Yaakov Ariel. Several of these students are among those whom he encouraged to establish settlements and moshavim.", "Most of the younger Kook's published works were editions and collections of his father's work, but many of his original articles and letters were later collected and published in book form.\nCollections of articles: Or Lenetivati, Lenetivot Israel, two volumes.\nCollections of letters: Tzemach Tzvi, Dodi Litzvi. Some of his letters are printed in Igrot HaRa'aya.\nLectures: Sichot HaRav Tzvi Yehuda on the Torah (5 volumes), Mesilat Yesharim, Moadim (festivals), etc., by Rabbi Shlomo Aviner.", "Jewish fundamentalism", "Salomon descended from a family that, inspired by the this-worldly messianism of the Vilna Gaon, had emigrated to Palestine in the early 19th century, and in the Old Yishuv, as distinct from the Perushim (separatist ascetics) following the Gaon's principles, Salomon's family constituted a religious clan notable for creating institutional infrastructure. It was this Salomon who had engineered the Kook family's aliyah in 1904, after convincing a committee to nominate the father Abraham to succeed the recently deceased rabbi of Jaffa (Mirsky 2014, pp. 40–41, 45).\nBenjamin Menashe Levin (1879-1944) was a Talmudic studies prodigy (iluy) and later authored Otzar HaGeonim, a foundational study on Geonic halakha (Mirsky 2014, pp. 11, 33–34; Mirsky 2021).\nAfter making aliyah in 1886 Yitzhak Vinograd founded the Torat Haim Yeshiva in Jerusalem. Zerah Epstein had preceded him, arriving in Palestine in 1881, and subsequently headed the school (Shohet 2013, pp. 49–50).\n\"the father's influence is imprinted in every bit of the son's writings.\" (Ben-Johanan 2022, p. 197)\nKook's responsum arose in the context of a crisis, a sense of impending catastrophe, among mystics at Jerusalem's Beit El Kabbalist yeshiva caused by the Aleppo rabbi Ḥaim Shaul Dweck haCohen ((1857-1933)) who broke with that school's tradition by reviving the practice advocated by Shalom Shar'abi regarding the minutiae of performance of mindful devotion in prayer (kavanah) during the Sabbatical year (Giller 2008, pp. 71–73)\nZealots in Jerusalem gossiped that his wife's early death, and their childlessness, among other misfortunes in the Kook families, were punishments resulting from curses by Kabbalists laid against the Kooks for their unforgivable sins (Mirsky 2014, p. 224).\nGahelet is an acronym for \"Nucleus of Torah-Learning Pioneers\" and means Embers in Hebrew (Lustick 1988, p. 34).\n\"Gahelet was a group of students at a school belonging to Israel's non-orthodox stream, which was then at its lowest ebb. Possessed of a naïve, intense enthusiasm for traditional religious Judaism, coupled with feelings of inferiority and envy with regard to the modern secular Zionist world, these young people sought to participate in the dynamics and achievements of that world. They developed a strikingly original and ambitious worldview that differed significantly from both religious and secular-national perspectives, and they sought religious validation for their initiative in a father-son team of rabbis... members of Gahelet appropriated the doctrine of Rabbi Kook the Elder, transforming it from the esoteric and quietistic dogma of a small and marginal circle into a gospel which spread through Israel to serve as a platform for the ensuing activism. By adopting Rabbi Kook the Younger as their spiritual leader, members of Gahelet propelled him from the status of a forgotten, ridiculed figure at the margins of the Torah and Zionist worlds into an outstanding Israeli personality with a magnetic influence on a broad circle.\" (Aran 1994, pp. 270–271)\nKook père's metaphoris adapted from the Kabbalistic idiom kelippat nogah, the \"luminous shell\" on the limimal margins between good and evil (Mirsky 2014, p. 40)\nThe idea goes back to Isaac Luria (1534-1572):\"Luria synthesized the disparate cosmological, metaphysical, and theological doctrines that preceded him into a mythic vision of primordial creation as a great drama of divine withdrawal and resulting catastrophe that set in motion all cosmic history. God, as it were, contracted Himself, leaving in the empty space thus created vestiges of divine light in 'vessels,' nodal points of boundless divine energy contained by a corresponding principle of restraint. Unable to contain the divine light, the vessels shattered, scattering sparks of divine goodness and crude husks of shattered vessels, which together compose the forces of good and evil pulsating through the universe.\" (Mirsky 2014, pp. 26–27)\nHis father thought the idea Israel was superseded by Christianity something that made Christianity intolerable and therefore something to be blotted out. He saw himself as a warrior 'fighting our lengthy war, the Lord's war with Amalek, a war of erasing from under the heavens, a war of blotting out all memory.'(Ben-Johanan 2016, p. 78)\n\".'It was (his) contention that the people of Israel were distinguished from the rest of the nations by some of life's most basic elements: the relation ship between body and soul, the relationship between humanity and the universe, and the social relationships between people. When the people of Israel are in their normal state, their uniqueness is evident in all these levels of existence. Kook thus wished to place the uniqueness of Jewish existence on the political agenda to ensure that the government of Israel would take steps to provide the conditions that would allow it to flourish.\" (Ben-Johanan 2022, p. 201)\nAs early as 1894-1896, in his essay on shlemut entitled Midbar Shur (The Desert of Shur), Kook's father argued that perfection required that Israel remain distinct from other nations, as the soul remained distinct from matter.\"He taught that the mundane sensible world of ritual observance, rationality, and scientific inference is important as, but is no more than, a vehicle for preparing human beings to approach and eventually apprehend a much more fundamental spiritual reality. This other realm, immanent within the outer world of sensation and cognition, is pervaded by the pulsating illumination of the 'Divine psyche.' For most peoples, at most times, the spiritual energy flowing continuously from this realm is displaced and distorted into various forms of idolatry because they cannot absorb 'the light emanating from the universal spiritual psyche.' The 'instinctive excellence' of the Jewish people consists in the presence of 'the Divine sensitivity at the core of its being,' which permits Jews, as individuals, and as a collectivity, to experience and express the divine illumination in pure, nonidolatrous form.\"\nThe idea that atḥalta de-geulah has begun with the establishment of the state of Israel is, according to Louis Jacobs, \"a concept for which there is little support in the tradition.\" (Jacobs 1990, p. 73)\nThe idea is present already in the father's writings. Speaking of the ostensible decline of Judaism in a period of national renaissance (and agitations which, divorced from religion, sucked up its fructifying power), he wrote.\"These developments cannot go on in their chaotic form. We must mend with courage and with knowledge past abuses. We must gather up all spiritual trends that have been dispersed to their center, to ingather the spiritual fugitives of Israel and the dispersed of Judah. Through this spiritual potency for the ingathering of the exiles there will be released the physical potency for the ingathering upon the holy soil, the place suited for the realization of all ideals in their different aspects from potentiality to actuality. This will be effected not through individuals or parties, but through the nation, through the aggregate of the community of Israel, which will blossom in the beloved land, the fairest heritage of any nation\" (Kook 1991, p. 284)\nHis father told him that as a child, he could smell the stench of toilets whenever he passed Christian houses (Ben-Johanan 2022, pp. 197, 202).\n These views are already present in his father's writings, who also likened Christianity to 'a dog swallowing feces, feeding itself from the filth that was secreted out of Judaism in the figure of Jesus.'(Ben-Johanan 2016, p. 93).\n\"Zvi Yehudah Kook's writings on Christianity are the most virulent pronouncements on the subject one can find, probably throughout the entire Jewish world.\" (Ben-Johanan 2022, p. 197)\n\"Abraham Isaac Kook.. urged that Jewish settlement of the land should proceed by peaceful means only. Even a Jewish king, Kook reasoned, would need to consult the High Court before embarking on war, for no war (other than purely defensive) might be pursued against those who observe the Seven Commandments (or Noahide Laws), and if the enemy were idolaters (this would exclude Muslims and Christians) it would still be necessary for the Court to examine their moral condition before declaring the war justified.\" (Solomon 2005, p. 306)\nIn rabbinical thought, Esau became a metaphor and code word for Rome and subsequently Christianity (Hacohen 2019, pp. 55–90).\n\"Nineteen years ago, on the night when news of the United Nations decision in favor of the re-establishment of the state of Israel reached us, when the people streamed into the streets to celebrate and rejoice, I could not go out and join in the jubilation. I saty alone in silence; a burden lay upon me. During those first hours I could not resign myself to what had been done. I could not accept the fact that indeed \"they have.. divided My Land \"(Joel 4:2)! … where is our Hebron. Have we forgotten her?! Where is our Shechem, our Jericho-where? Have we forgotten them?\" (Frey 2007, p. 88)\n\"Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda invited Meir to accompany him to the Western Wall. Before they went, the rabbi asked another student, Rabbi Yaakov Filber, to bring his camera, and they were photographed together in the sukka and again at the Western Wall. Rabbi Yosef Bramson pointed out that Kook did not like to be photographed, but he admired Meir so much that he actually requested it.\" (Kahane 2008, p. 225)\nAviner, in his book The Christian Enemy, developed Kook's ideas, arguing that:\"human history began with idolaters; the Israeli nation appeared and disseminated morality among the human race; idolaters struggled against God's people but were unable to vanquish them until, ultimately, 'in the face of a combined attack by evil men from without and evil passions from within,' the people of Israel collapsed and withdrew into themselves, and their influence over the nations was lost,\" occasioning the rise of Christianity (Ben-Johanan 2022, p. 225).", "NYT 1982.\nEJ 2007, p. 293.\nDowty 2001, p. 228.\nWeisburd 2010, p. 22.\nMagid 2019.\nLustick 1988, p. 29.\nHoch 1994, pp. 90–118.\nPedahzur 2012, p. 37.\nInbari 2012, p. 18.\nVolbershtein 2010, p. 4.\nVolbershtein 2010, pp. 5–6.\nVolbershtein 2010, p. 10.\nAuerbach 1996, p. 147.\nVolbershtein 2010, pp. 14–15.\nMirsky 2014, pp. 118–119.\nVolbershtein 2010, p. 18.\nBen-Pazi 2017, p. 275.\nVolbershtein 2010, pp. 20–21.\nIsh-Shalom 2012, pp. 24–25.\nInbari 2012, p. 19.\nHoch 1994, p. 91.\nLustick 1988, p. 34.\nBen-Johanan 2022, p. 221.\nZinger & Ish-Shalom 2007, p. 290.\nLustick 1988, p. 92.\nFishman & Samson 2019.\nHoch 1994, pp. 90–91.\nJuergensmeyer 2003, p. 56.\nHoch 1994, pp. 91–92.\nNewman 2007, p. 145.\nSchwartz 2002, pp. 160, 163–164.\nMirsky 2014, p. 25.\nLustick 1988, p. 30.\nSchwartz 2002, pp. 163–164.\nHoch 1994, p. 101.\nKook 1967, pp. 181–184, 192–200.\nNeuman 2018, pp. 155–156.\nEgorova 2016, p. 38.\nMirsky 2014, p. 125.\nBen-Johanan 2016, p. 77.\nBrill & Neiss 2012, p. 56.\nBen-Johanan 2022, p. 202.\nBen-Johanan 2022, p. 205.\nBen-Johanan 2022, p. 203.\nBen-Johanan 2022, pp. 197, 201.\nMirsky 2014, p. 221.\nBrill & Neiss 2012, p. 57.\nFrey 2007, p. 273.\nSolomon 2005, p. 306.\nLustick 1988, pp. 93–94.\nBen-Pazi 2017, pp. 271–272.\nBen-Pazi 2017, p. 274.\nSolomon 2005, p. 307.\nInbari 2012, p. 14.\nInbari 2012, p. 15.\nInbari 2012, p. 33.\nInbari 2012, p. 17.\nInbari 2012, pp. 32, 33.\nInbari 2012, pp. 30, 32.\nInbari 2012, pp. 34, 32.\nInbari 2012, pp. 32–33.\nInbari 2012, p. 34.\nInbari 2012, p. 40.\nInbari 2012, pp. 34–35.\nJTA 1977.\nVolbershtein 2010, p. 325.\nPrior 1997, pp. 161–162.\nGoldman 2009, p. 285.\nLevinson & Ettinger 2012.\nČejka & Kořan 2015, p. 107.\nLustick 1988, p. 93.\nLustick 1988, p. ?.", "Aran, Gideon (1994). \"Jewish Zionist Fundamentalism: The Bloc of the Faithful in Israel (Gush Emunim)\". In Marty, Martin E.; Appleby, Scott (eds.). Fundamentalisms Observed. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. pp. 265–343. ISBN 978-0-226-50878-8.\nAuerbach, Jerold S. (1996). Jacob's Voices: Reflections of a Wandering American Jew. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-809-32055-4.\nBen-Johanan, Karma (Winter 2016). \"Wreaking Judgment on Mount Esau: Christianity in R. Kook's Thought\". The Jewish Quarterly Review. 106 (1): 76–100.\nBen-Johanan, Karma (2022). Jacob's Younger Brother: Christian-Jewish Relations After Vatican II. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-25826-6.\nBen-Pazi, Hanoch (2017). \"R. Abraham Isaac Kook and the Opening Passage of \"The War\"\". Journal of Jewish Thought & Philosophy. 25 (2): 256–278 – via ResearchGate.\nBrill, Alan; Neiss, Rory Picker (2012). \"Jewish Views of World Religions: Four Models\". In Gottstein, Alon Goshen-; Korn, Eugene (eds.). Jewish Theology and World Religions. Liverpool University Press. pp. 41–60. ISBN 978-1-909-82105-7.\nČejka, Marek; Kořan, Roman (2015). Rabbis of our Time: Authorities of Judaism in the Religious and Political Ferment of Modern Times. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-60544-7.\nDowty, Alan (2001). The Jewish State: A Century Later, (Updated With a New Preface). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22911-2.\nEgorova, Yulia (2016). \"Lost Tribes Communities, Israel, and Notions of Jewishness\". In Parfitt, Tudor; Fisher, Netanel (eds.). Becoming Jewish: New Jews and Emerging Jewish Communities in a Globalized World. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 36–48. ISBN 978-1-443-84960-9.\nFishman, Tzvi; Samson, David (21 March 2019). \"We Must Persuade Them… With Our Tanks': The Worldview of Rav Zvi Yehuda Kook On His 37th Yahrzeit\". The Jewish Press.\nFrey, Rebecca Joyce (2007). Fundamentalism. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-438-10899-5.\nGiller, Pinchas (2008). Shalom Shar'abi and the Kabbalists of Beit El. Oxford University Press (USA). ISBN 978-0-195-32880-6.\nGoldman, Shalom (2009). Zeal for Zion: Christians, Jews, & the Idea of the Promised Land. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-807-83344-5.\nHacohen, Malachi Haim (2019). Jacob & Esau Jewish European History Between Nation and Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-51037-7.\nHellinger, Moshe; Hershkowitz, Isaac; Susser, Bernard (2018). The 'Disengagement' from Gaza/Gush Katif in Religious Zionism and the Settlement Project: Ideology, Politics, and Civil Disobedience. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-438-46840-2.\nHoch, Richard L. (1994). \"Sovereignty, Sanctity, and Salvation: The Theology of Rabbi Tzvi Yehudah Ha-Kohen and the Actions of Gush Emunim\". Shofar. 13 (1): 90–118. JSTOR 42942067.\nInbari, Motti (2012). Messianic Religious Zionism Confronts Israeli Territorial Compromises. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00912-7.\nIsh-Shalom, Benjamin (2012). Rav Avraham Itzhak Hacohen Kook: Between Rationalism and Mysticism. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-438-40763-0.\nJacobs, Louis (1990). God, Torah, Israel: Traditionalism without Fundamentalism. ISD LLC. ISBN 978-0-878-20471-7.\nJuergensmeyer, Mark (2003). Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-93061-2.\nKahane, Libby (2008). Rabbi Meir Kahane: His Life and Thought,1932-1975. Vol. 1. Israel: Urim Publications. ISBN 978-1-518-87061-3.\n\"Kook Supports Kahane\". JTA. 31 January 1977. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016.\nKook, Abraham Isaac (1991). \"On the Reasons for the Commandments\". In Gellman, Ezra (ed.). Essays on the Thought and Philosophy of Rabbi Kook. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 269–284. ISBN 978-0-845-34826-0.\nKook, Zvi Yehuda (1967). LeNetivot Yisrael. Vol. I. Tel Aviv: Menorah.\nLevinson, Chaim; Ettinger, Yair (11 March 2012). \"Rabbi Kook's Followers Are Still Debating His Legacy\". Haaretz.\nLustick, Ian S. (1988). For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel. Council of Foreign Relations. ISBN 978-0-876-09036-7.\nMagid, Shaul (15 March 2019). \"Kahane Won: How the radical rabbi's ideas and disciples took over Israeli politics, and why it's dangerous\". Tablet.\nMagid, Shaul (2021). Meir Kahane: The Public Life and Political Thought of an American Jewish Radical. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-21266-1.\nMirsky, Yehudah (2014). Rav Kook: Mystic in a Time of Revolution. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16424-4.\nMirsky, Yehudah (2021). Towards the Mystical Experience of Modernity: The Making of Rav Kook, 1865-1904. Academic Studies Press. ISBN 978-1-644-69530-2.\nNeuman, Tamara (2018). Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-812-29482-8.\nNewman, David (2007). \"Gush Emunim\". In Skolnik, Fred (ed.). Encyclopedia Judaica. Vol. 8 (2nd ed.). Thompson/Gale/Keter Publishing House. pp. 143–145. ISBN 978-0-028-65939-8.\nPedahzur, Ami (2012). The Triumph of Israel's Radical Right. Oxford University Press(USA). ISBN 978-0-199-74470-1.\nPrior, Michael (1997). The Bible and Colonialism: A Moral Critique. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-36922-2.\n\"Rabbi Zvi Kook dies: Israeli ultranationalist\". The New York Times. 11 March 1982.\nSchwartz, Dov (2002). Faith at the Crossroads: A Theological Profile of Religious Zionism. BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-12461-5.\nShohet, Azriel (2013). The Jews of Pinsk, 1881 to 1941. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-804-78502-0.\nSkolnik, Fred, ed. (2007). \"Kook, Ẓevi Judah ben Abraham Isaac HaCohen\". Encyclopedia Judaica. Vol. 13 (2nd ed.). Thompson/Gale/Keter Publishing House. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-028-65939-8.\nSolomon, Norman (June 2005). \"Judaism and the ethics of war\". International Review of the Red Cross. 87 (858): 296–309 – via ResearchGate.\nVolbershtein, Hilah (2010). Mashmia Yeshu'ah. Mercaz Shapiro, Israel: Machon Ohr Eztion. ISBN 978-9-657 27718-8.\nWeisburd, David (2010). Jewish Settler Violence: Deviance as Social Reaction. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-03862-9.\nZinger, Zvi; Ish-Shalom, Benjamin (2007). \"Kook (Kuk), Abraham Isaac\". In Skolnik, Fred (ed.). Encyclopedia Judaica. Vol. 13 (2nd ed.). Thompson/Gale/Keter Publishing House. pp. 289–293. ISBN 978-0-028-65939-8.", "HaAretz: The 10 who Made Israel What It Is – Haaretz\nThe Culture of Israel – Full text" ]

[ "Zvi Yehuda Kook", "Biography", "Ideology", "The process of redemption", "Hostility to Christianity", "The theology of war", "Political views", "Relationship with Meir Kahane", "Views on Palestinians/Arabs", "Students", "Writings", "See also", "Notes", "Citations", "Sources", "External links" ]

[ 5360571, 5360572 ]

[ 27240593, 27240594, 27240595, 27240596, 27240597, 27240598, 27240599, 27240600, 27240601, 27240602, 27240603, 27240604, 27240605, 27240606, 27240607, 27240608, 27240609, 27240610, 27240611, 27240612, 27240613, 27240614, 27240615, 27240616, 27240617, 27240618, 27240619, 27240620, 27240621, 27240622, 27240623, 27240624, 27240625, 27240626, 27240627, 27240628, 27240629, 27240630, 27240631, 27240632, 27240633, 27240634, 27240635, 27240636, 27240637, 27240638, 27240639, 27240640, 27240641, 27240642, 27240643, 27240644, 27240645, 27240646, 27240647, 27240648, 27240649, 27240650, 27240651, 27240652, 27240653, 27240654, 27240655, 27240656, 27240657, 27240658, 27240659, 27240660, 27240661, 27240662, 27240663, 27240664, 27240665, 27240666, 27240667, 27240668, 27240669, 27240670, 27240671, 27240672, 27240673, 27240674, 27240675, 27240676, 27240677, 27240678, 27240679, 27240680, 27240681, 27240682, 27240683, 27240684, 27240685, 27240686, 27240687, 27240688, 27240689, 27240690, 27240691, 27240692, 27240693, 27240694 ]

[ "Zvi Yosef HaKohen Resnick", "Resnick as a young man", "Resnick and family, Russia." ]

[ 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Zvi_Yosef_Resnick.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Zvi_Yosef_Resnick_1909.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/ZviYosefResnick_FamilyPhoto.jpg" ]

[ "Rabbi Zvi (Hirsh) Yosef HaKohen Resnick (1841–1912) was a well-known orthodox Russian rabbi and Rosh yeshivah (Dean of a Talmudic Academy), also known as Rebbe Hirsch Meitsheter (reportedly because Meitshet—the Yiddish term for Molczad—was the birthplace of his wife).", "Resnick lived in Zhetel (Dziatlava), a town in Belarus, and at least one of his children was born there, but it is not clear where he himself was born. He taught in Slonim for many years, where his reputation grew to such an extent that he was often referred to as The Slonimer. He was widely respected as one of the great Torah sages of his time, able to quote from the entire Talmud and its commentaries from memory. In 1894, he was appointed Dean of the famous yeshivah in Suwałki, Poland, Ohel Yitzhak, established by Rabbi Isaac Wildmann. He held this position during increasingly violent times, as evidenced by the story recorded in Yizkor-Book Suwalk, relating how he narrowly averted a severe beating by local Jews who suspected he was a Czarist spy because—as a result of poor eyesight in his later years—he would peer at them in a way that was interpreted as spying. According to this story, Hona, the local baker, recognized him as the yeshiva dean, and dispersed the gang gathering to attack him.\nHe remained Rosh Yeshivah until his death. He was buried in the Jewish cemetery of Suvalk alongside the great sages of the time, but in World War II the Nazis vandalized the cemetery, stealing most of the gravestones for construction projects, including a swimming pool.\nThe son of Yitzchak Yaakov Resnick, Resnick was a Kohen—a descendant of Aaron, the brother of Moses—and at his funeral, the eulogy delivered by Rabbi Moshe Bezalel Luria, of Suvalk, stated that if the Temple in Jerusalem were still standing, Resnick would have been worthy of serving as the Kohen Gadol, the High Priest of the Jewish people.\nThe status of being Kohanim, members of the Priestly tribe, was important to both Resnick and his son, Risikoff, but because of a sense of history and responsibility, not pride, and in Risikoff's book, HaKohanim v'HaLevi'im, he recalls how his father taught the importance of humility, and the avoidance of any action or word based on pride or the desire for prestige. He writes that Resnick even forbade him to tell stories about him that could be considered to be praise, unless there was some musar, ethical teaching, that could be derived from the story. So, for example, Risikoff relates in this book how once there was a large fire in Slonim, when his father lived there—and many people in the town, including other Kohanim, were bringing their belongings to the cemetery, which was located in one of the safe areas—but his father, based on the fact that Kohanim were not normally allowed to enter cemeteries, refused to do so, saying it was better to lose all their belongings than to go to the cemetery.\nResnick was so respected that distinguished rabbis including Rabbi Yossel Shlufefer, the rabbi of Slonim, would come to Resnick every year before the holy day of Yom Kippur to request his blessing, and the well-known Slonim rabbi Rabbi Yehoshua Isaac Shapiro (known as \"Reb Eizel Charif\"), went on record as saying that anyone who had not studied under Resnick was \"no scholar.\"\nResnick rejected many requests to accept positions of official community rabbi, or to publish his teachings and commentaries, stating that such work would detract from his studies. However, some of his teachings are recorded in the works of his son, Rabbi Mnachem HaKohen Risikoff, especially in the book, MiTorat Zvi Yosef, From the Torah of Zvi Yosef. In this work, Risikoff, a renowned scholar in his own right, reminisces about his father, noting that his own knowledge, compared to that of his father, is like \"a drop in the ocean.\" He writes that his father shunned fame, although many of his students went on to accept positions as rabbis for important cities, and that his father not only denied himself the time to write down his teachings (although many of his students did write and publish his ideas), he even denied himself the time for correspondence, only including a few brief short sentences in letters he had to write, or letters he wrote to his children. He also notes that his father was not only renowned for his knowledge of Torah (and all Jewish teachings), but for his nature: that he never had an altercation or bad relationship, and that he was not only respected by his students, but beloved by them, as well.\nResnick was mentioned in a number of works by others, including Rabbi Avraham Aaron Yudlovitz, in \"Darash Av\"; and in the article, \"Kehilat Yaakov BeSlonim,\" by the Slonim author, M. Zavlutzky, published in \"Kneset HaGedolah\" (Vol 4), in Warsaw, in 1891.", "In addition to his son, Mnachem Risikoff, many other descendants of Resnick became rabbis, including grandson Leon Risikoff, and great-grandsons Arnold Resnicoff, Steven (Shlomo Chaim) Resnicoff, and Joseph Simckes. Another son of Resnick, Shlomo Chaim Resnick, was a well-known cantor, known as the Grajewo Hazzan.", "Sometimes, \"Resnicoff\", as in Yizkor-Book (Memorial Book) Suwalk, Berl Kahan (editor), The Suwalk & Vicinity Relief Committee of New York (publisher), 1961, 164, where both name versions are mentioned. \"Off\", or \"Ov\" at the end of a name indicated \"son of\", and so the names could be used interchangeably. However, in his case, Resnick was the name most frequently cited. Hirsch is the Yiddish equivalent for the Hebrew name, Zvi.\nEncyclopedia Judaica, Decennial Book(1973-82), Keter Publishing House, 1982, 523\nPinkas Zetel: A Memorial to the Jewish Community of Zetel, Baruch Kaplinski (editor), Zetel Association in Israel (Publisher), Tel Aviv, 1957, 229\nYizkor-Book (Memorial-Book) Suwalk, Berl Kahan (editor), The Suwalk & Vicinity Relief Committee of New York (publisher), 1961, 164.\nYizkor Book Suwalk, p373.\nDorot HaAchronim, Ben-Zion Eisenstadt, A. H. Rozenberg (publisher), 1915, 335.\nJewish Cemeteries Project, International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies\nThis lineage is passed from father to son, and is often indicated by the term, \"HaKohen\", in the individual's name, as it was for Resnick and his son, Mnachem HaKohen Risikoff.\nHa Kohanim vHaLeviim, Mnachem Resnick, 1940.\nMemorial Book Meitshet: In Memory of the Jewish Community, Benzion H. Ayalon (editor), Molchadz Relief Society, Israel and Abroad, publisher, 1973, 119\nMelitzei Aish, Rabbi M. Stern and Eugene Grossman (publishers), 1962, 62.\nResnick did include a short written note in his son's book, Shaarei Zevach, page iv, as an haskama (rabbinic endorsement) of the book, and an opportunity to express pride in his son's achievements.\nMiTorat Zvi Yosef, New York, 1925.", "Dorot HaAchronim: Hebrew biographical article\nIntroduction, HaKohanim VHaLevi'im (The Priests and the Levites), Mnachem Risikoff, 1940. Resnick's son reminisces about his father's decision that it was better to lose all they had during a fire in Slonim than to \"go to the cemetery,\" ignoring their Priestly status and responsibilities." ]

[ "Zvi Yosef Resnick", "Life and work", "Family", "Footnotes", "External links" ]

[ 5360573, 5360574, 5360575 ]

[ 27240695, 27240696, 27240697, 27240698, 27240699, 27240700, 27240701, 27240702, 27240703, 27240704, 27240705, 27240706, 27240707, 27240708, 27240709, 27240710, 27240711, 27240712, 27240713 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/PikiWiki_Israel_28632_Art_of_Israel.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Zamir (Hebrew: צבי זמיר) born Zvicka Zarzevsky (born 3 March 1925) is a former major general in the Israel Defense Forces and the director of the Mossad from 1968 to 1974. He is currently retired and lives in Israel.", "Born in Poland, Zamir immigrated with his family to the then British Mandate of Palestine when only seven months old. At the age of 18, Zamir began his military career, first as a soldier in the Haganah's Palmach, a unit that included future Israeli leaders such as Moshe Dayan and Yitzhak Rabin.", "During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Zamir fought in the newly created Israel Defense Forces as an infantry platoon leader. After the war he continued climbing the chain of command, becoming a licensed reconnaissance pilot for the Artillery branch, and was eventually promoted to the commander of the Southern Command. His final IDF post before being appointed Mossad director came in 1966, when he was appointed the military attaché to London.", "During his tenure at the Mossad, he helped carry out Operation Wrath of God, the Israeli response to the Munich Massacre, and dealt with the lead up and aftermath of the Yom Kippur War in 1973. After the German government refused to accept an Israeli team during the Munich hostage crisis, Zamir was sent to observe any activities. He was at the Fürstenfeldbruck airbase the night that the failed rescue attempt left all nine remaining Israeli hostages dead. Zamir was interviewed about the incident in 1999 when he spoke with the producer of One Day in September, a documentary on the massacre. In it he strongly criticized the German rescue effort for its complete lack of coordination. He had previously been interviewed on this subject for an NBC profile during their coverage of the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, and he has discussed the massacre several times since. Zamir currently resides in Zahala, a neighborhood in the north of Tel Aviv.", "Zamir was played by Ami Weinberg in Steven Spielberg's 2005 movie Munich.\nHis memoirs were published in Hebrew in 2011 under the title With Open Eyes (Be'einaim Pekuhot, בעיניים פקוחות‎).", "Profile of Zvi Zamir\n\"צבי זמיר\".\nBar-Joseph, Uri; McDermott, Rose (2017-03-03). Intelligence Success and Failure: The Human Factor. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-934175-7.", "\"Preventive measures\" Zamir interview in 2006.\nOne Day in September, (1999), a documentary by Kevin Macdonald.\nRaviv, Dan and Melman, Yossi. Every Spy a Prince: The Complete History of Israel's Intelligence Community. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990. ISBN 0-395-47102-8 p. 179", "Itamar Eichner, Mossad chief in Yom Kippur War: Tell CIA No. 2 to kiss my ass, Ynetnews, December 17, 2019" ]

[ "Zvi Zamir", "Early life", "IDF posts", "Mossad", "Publicity", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 5360576 ]

[ 27240714, 27240715, 27240716, 27240717, 27240718, 27240719 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/ZVI_ZYLBERTAL.jpg" ]

[ "Zvi Zylbertal (Hebrew: צְבִי זִילְבֶּרְטַל; born 1952) is an Israeli jurist who served on the Supreme Court of Israel between 2012 and 2017. Prior to his Supreme Court tenure, he served on the Jerusalem District Court.", "Zylbertal was born in Jerusalem in 1952. He was admitted to the Israeli Bar Association in 1983. He was appointed to the Jerusalem District Court in 2000, where he served as a judge until being appointed to the Supreme Court in 2012. In March 2016, he made a surprise announcement that he planned to retire in April 2017, which he did. He was replaced by David Mintz.", "\"Zylbertal, Zvi\". Cardozo Israeli Supreme Court Project. Retrieved 2019-05-09.\nZarchin, Tomer (2012-01-08). \"Who Are Israel's New Supreme Court Judges?\". Haaretz. Retrieved 2019-05-09.\nPulwer, Sharon (2016-03-18). \"In Surprise Announcement, Supreme Court Justice Zvi Zylbertal Says He's Retiring\". Haaretz. Retrieved 2019-05-09.\nIsrael, David. \"Arab Terrorists Attacked Supreme Court Justice David Mintz\". Jewish Press. Retrieved 2019-05-09." ]

[ "Zvi Zylbertal", "Career", "References" ]

[ 5360577 ]

[ 27240720, 27240721 ]

[ "Zviad Endeladze" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/%E1%83%96%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%AB%E1%83%94.jpg" ]

[ "Zviad Endeladze (Georgian: ზვიად ენდელაძე; born 7 April 1966 in Adigeni) is a retired Georgian footballer who played as a forward. He has played for clubs such as Guria Lanchkhuti and Margveti, scoring 40 goals during the 1995–96 season, which made him the top scorer in European domestic competitions and would have won the European Golden Boot had it not been suspended in 1991. The award was reinstated a season after Endeladze's feat under new rules that would count goals scored in the Georgian Top League as one point while goals scored in Europe's top leagues are counted double. He retired from football in 2006.", "European Sports Magazines\nFootballFacts.ru\nSport.de\nWorldfootball.net" ]

[ "Zviad Endeladze", "External links" ]

[ 5360578 ]

[ 27240722 ]

[ "", "Leaders of Georgian independence movement in late 80s, Zviad Gamsakhurdia (left) and Merab Kostava (right)", "Gravestone of President Gamsakhurdia in Tbilisi.", "Gamsakhurdia on a 2019 postage stamp commemorating his would-be 80th birthday" ]

[ 0, 5, 15, 18 ]

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[ "Zviad Konstantines dze Gamsakhurdia (Georgian: ზვიად გამსახურდია, romanized: zviad gamsakhurdia; Russian: Звиа́д Константи́нович Гамсаху́рдия, romanized: Zviad Konstantinovich Gamsakhurdiya; 31 March 1939 – 31 December 1993) was a Georgian politician, dissident, scholar, and writer who became the first democratically elected President of Georgia in the post-Soviet era. Gamsakhurdia is the only Georgian President to have died while formally in office.", "", "Zviad Gamsakhurdia was born in the Georgian capital Tbilisi in 1939, in a distinguished Georgian family; his father, Academician Konstantine Gamsakhurdia (1893–1975), was one of the most famous Georgian writers of the 20th century. Perhaps influenced by his father, Zviad received training in philology and began a professional career as a translator and literary critic.\nDespite (or perhaps because of) the country's association with Joseph Stalin, Soviet rule in Georgia was particularly harsh during the 1950s and sought to restrict Georgian cultural expression. In 1955, Zviad Gamsakhurdia established a youth underground group which he called the Gorgasliani (a reference to the ancient line of Georgian kings) which sought to circulate reports of human rights abuses. In 1956, he was arrested during demonstrations in Tbilisi against the Soviet policy of de-stalinization and was arrested again in 1958 for distributing anti-communist literature and proclamations. He was confined for six months to a mental hospital in Tbilisi, where he was diagnosed as suffering from \"psychopathy with decompensation\", thus perhaps becoming an early victim of what became a widespread policy of using psychiatry for political purposes.", "Gamsakhurdia achieved wider prominence in 1972 during a campaign against the corruption associated with the appointment of a new Catholicos of the Georgian Orthodox Church, of which he was a \"fervent\" adherent.\nIn 1973 he co-founded the Georgian Action Group for the Defense of Human Rights (four years earlier a Moscow-based group of that name sent an appeal to the UN Human Rights Committee); in 1974 he became the first Georgian member of Amnesty International; and in 1976 he co-founded and became chairman of the Georgian Helsinki Group. He was also active in the underground network of samizdat publishers, contributing to a wide variety of underground political periodicals: among them were Okros Satsmisi (\"The Golden Fleece\"), Sakartvelos Moambe (\"The Georgian Herald\"), Sakartvelo (\"Georgia\"), Matiane (\"Annals\") and Vestnik Gruzii. He contributed to the Moscow-based underground periodical Chronicle of Current Events (April 1968 – December 1982). Gamsakhurdia was also the first Georgian member of the International Society for Human Rights (ISHR-IGFM).\nPerhaps seeking to emulate his father, Zviad Gamsakhurdia also pursued a distinguished academic career. He was a senior research fellow of the Institute of Georgian Literature of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (1973–1977, 1985–1990), associate professor of the Tbilisi State University (1973–1975, 1985–1990) and member of the Union of Georgia's Writers (1966–1977, 1985–1991), PhD in the field of Philology (1973) and Doctor of Sciences (Full Doctor, 1991). He wrote a number of important literary works, monographs and translations of British, French and American literature, including translations of works by T. S. Eliot, William Shakespeare, Charles Baudelaire and Oscar Wilde. He was also an outstanding Rustvelologist (Shota Rustaveli was a great Georgian poet of the 12th century) and researcher of history of the Iberian-Caucasian culture.\nAlthough he was frequently harassed and occasionally arrested for his dissidence, for a long time Gamsakhurdia avoided serious punishment, probably as a result of his family's prestige and political connections. His luck ran out in 1977 when the activities of the Helsinki Groups in the Soviet Union became a serious embarrassment to the Soviet government of Leonid Brezhnev. A nationwide crackdown on human rights activists was instigated across the Soviet Union and members of the Helsinki Groups in Moscow, Lithuania, Ukraine, Armenia and Georgia were arrested.\nIn Georgia, the government of Eduard Shevardnadze (who was then First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party) arrested Gamsakhurdia and his fellow dissident Merab Kostava on 7 April 1977.", "There remains some dispute about Gamsakhurdia's behaviour or strategy during his pre-trial detention and the trial itself. In particular, this concerns a TV broadcast in which, apparently, he recanted his activities as a human rights activist.\nA contemporary and uncensored account of these events may be found in the Chronicle of Current Events. The two men were sentenced to three years in the camps plus three years' exile for \"anti-Soviet activities\". Gamsakhurdia did not appeal but his sentence was commuted to two years' exile in neighbouring Dagestan. Their imprisonment attracted international attention.\nKostava's appeal was rejected and he was sent to a penal colony for three years, followed by three years' exile or internal banishment to Siberia. Kostava's sentence only ended in 1987. At the end of June 1979, Gamsakhurdia was released from jail and pardoned in controversial circumstances. By then, taking pre-trial detention into account, he had served two years of his sentence.\nThe authorities claimed that he had confessed to the charges and recanted his beliefs; a film clip was shown on Soviet television to substantiate their claim. According to a transcript published by the Soviet news agency TASS, Gamsakhurdia spoke of \"how wrong was the road I had taken when I disseminated literature hostile to the Soviet state. Bourgeois propaganda seized upon my mistakes and created a hullabaloo around me, which causes me pangs of remorse. I have realized the essence of the pharisaic campaign launched in the West, camouflaged under the slogan of 'upholding human rights.'\"\nHis supporters, family and Merab Kostava claimed that his recantation was coerced by the KGB, and although he publicly acknowledged that certain aspects of his anti-Soviet endeavors were mistaken, he did not renounce his leadership of the dissident movement in Georgia. Perhaps more importantly, his actions ensured that the dissident leadership could remain active. Kostava and Gamsakhurdia later both independently stated that the latter's recantation had been a tactical move. In an open letter to Shevardnadze, dated 19 April 1992, Gamsakhurdia claimed that \"my so-called confession was necessitated ... [because] if there had been no 'confession' and my release from the prison in 1979 had not taken place, then there would not have been a rise of the national movement.\"\nGamsakhurdia returned to dissident activities soon after his release, continuing to contribute to samizdat periodicals and campaigning for the release of Merab Kostava. In 1981 he became the spokesman of the students and others who protested in Tbilisi about the threats to Georgian identity and the Georgian cultural heritage. He handed a set of \"Demands of the Georgian People\" to Shevardnadze outside the Congress of the Georgian Writers Union at the end of March 1981, which earned him another spell in jail.", "When the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev initiated his policy of glasnost, Gamsakhurdia played a key role in organizing mass pro-independence rallies held in Georgia between 1987 and 1990, in which he was joined by Merab Kostava on the latter's release in 1987. In 1988, Gamsakhurdia became one of the founders of \nthe Society of Saint Ilia the Righteous (SSIR), a combination of a religious society and a political party which became the basis for his own political movement. The following year, the brutal suppression by Soviet forces of a large peaceful demonstration held in Tbilisi on 4-9 April 1989 proved to be a pivotal event in discrediting the continuation of Soviet rule over the country. The progress of democratic reforms was accelerated and led to Georgia's first democratic multiparty elections, held on 28 October 1990. Gamsakhurdia's SSIR party and the Georgian Helsinki Union joined with other opposition groups to head a reformist coalition called \"Round Table — Free Georgia\" (\"Mrgvali Magida — Tavisupali Sakartvelo\"). The coalition won a convincing victory, with 64% of the vote, as compared with the Georgian Communist Party's 29.6%. On 14 November 1990, Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected by an overwhelming majority as chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia.\nGeorgia held a referendum on restoring its pre-Soviet independence on 31 March 1991 in which 98.9% of those who voted declared in its favour. The Georgian parliament passed a declaration of independence on 9 April 1991, in effect restoring the 1918–1921 Georgian Sovereign state. However, it was not recognized by the Soviet Union and although a number of foreign powers granted early recognition, universal recognition did not come until the following year. Gamsakhurdia was elected President in the election of 26 May with 86.5% per cent of the vote on a turnout of over 83%.", "On taking office, Gamsakhurdia was faced with major economic and political difficulties, especially regarding Georgia's relations with the Soviet Union. A key problem was the position of Georgia's many ethnic minorities (making up 30% of the population). Although minority groups had participated actively in Georgia's return to democracy, they were underrepresented in the results of the October 1990 elections with only nine of 245 deputies being non-Georgians. Even before Georgia's independence, the position of national minorities was contentious and led to outbreaks of serious inter-ethnic violence in Abkhazia during 1989.\nIn 1989, violent unrest broke out in South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast between the Georgian independence-minded population of the region and Ossetians loyal to the Soviet Union. South Ossetia's regional soviet announced that the region would secede from Georgia to form a \"Soviet Democratic Republic\". In response, the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR annulled the autonomy of South Ossetia in March 1990.\nA three-way power struggle between Georgian, Ossetian and Soviet military forces broke out in the region, which resulted (by March 1991) in the deaths of 51 people and the eviction from their homes of 25,000 more. After his election as chairman of the newly renamed Supreme Council, Gamsakhurdia denounced the Ossetian move as being part of a Russian ploy to undermine Georgia, declaring the Ossetian separatists to be \"direct agents of the Kremlin, its tools and terrorists.\" In February 1991, he sent a letter to Mikhail Gorbachev demanding the withdrawal of Soviet army units and an additional contingent of interior troops of the USSR from the territory of the former Autonomous District of South Ossetia.\nAccording to George Khutsishvili, the nationalist \"Georgia for the Georgians\" hysteria launched by the followers of Gamsakhurdia \"played a decisive role\" in \"bringing about Bosnia-like inter-ethnic violence.\"", "On 27 December 1991, the U.S. based NGO Helsinki Watch issued a report on human rights violations made by the government of Gamsakhurdia. The report included information on documented freedom of assembly, freedom of speech, freedom of the press violations in Georgia, on political imprisonment, human rights abuses by the Georgian government and paramilitary in South Ossetia, and other human rights violations.", "Gamsakhurdia's opponents were highly critical of what they regarded as \"unacceptably dictatorial behaviour\", which had already been the subject of criticism even before his election as President. Prime Minister Tengiz Sigua and two other senior ministers resigned on August 19 in protest against Gamsakhurdia's policies. The three ministers joined the opposition, accusing him of \"being a demagogue and totalitarian\" and complaining about the slow pace of economic reform. In an emotional television broadcast, Gamsakhurdia claimed that his enemies were engaging in \"sabotage and betrayal\" within the country.\nGamsakhurdia's response to the coup against President Gorbachev was a source of further controversy. On 19 August, Gamsakhurdia, the Georgian government, and the Presidium of the Supreme Council issued an appeal to the Georgian population to remain calm, stay at their workplaces, and perform their jobs without yielding to provocations or taking unauthorized actions. The following day, Gamsakhurdia appealed to international leaders to recognize the republics (including Georgia) that had declared themselves independent of the Soviet Union and to recognise all legal authorities, including the Soviet authorities deposed by the coup.\nHe claimed publicly on 21 August that Gorbachev himself had masterminded the coup in an attempt to boost his popularity before the Soviet presidential elections, an allegation rejected as \"ridiculous\" by US President George H. W. Bush.\nIn a particularly controversial development, the Russian news agency Interfax reported that Gamsakhurdia had agreed with the Soviet military that the Georgian National Guard would be disarmed, and on 23 August, he issued decrees abolishing the post of commander of the Georgian National Guard and redesignating its members as interior troops subordinate to the Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs. In reality, the National Guard was already a part of the Ministry of the Interior, and Gamsakhurdia's opponents, who claimed he was seeking to abolish it, were asked to produce documents they claimed they possessed which verified their claims, but did not do so. Gamsakhurdia always maintained he had no intention of disbanding the National Guard. In defiance of the alleged order of Gamskhurdia, the sacked National Guard commander Tengiz Kitovani led most of his troops out of Tbilisi on 24 August. By this time, however, the coup had clearly failed and Gamsakhurdia publicly congratulated Russia's President Boris Yeltsin on his victory over the putschists. Georgia had survived the coup without any violence, but Gamsakhurdia's opponents accused him of not being resolute in opposing it.\nGamsakhurdia reacted angrily, accusing shadowy forces in Moscow of conspiring with his internal enemies against Georgia's independence movement. In a rally in early September, he told his supporters: \"The infernal machinery of the Kremlin will not prevent us from becoming free.... Having defeated the traitors, Georgia will achieve its ultimate freedom.\" He shut down an opposition newspaper, \"Molodiozh Gruzii,\" on the grounds that it had published open calls for a national rebellion. Giorgi Chanturia, whose National Democratic Party was one of the most active opposition groups at that time, was arrested and imprisoned on charges of seeking help from Moscow to overthrow the legal government. It was also reported that Channel 2, a television station, was closed down after employees took part in rallies against the government.\nThe government's activities aroused controversy at home and strong criticism abroad. A visiting delegation of US Congressmen led by Representative Steny Hoyer reported that there were \"severe human rights problems within the present new government, which is not willing to address them or admit them or do anything about them yet.\" American commentators cited the human rights issue as being one of the main reasons for Georgia's inability to secure widespread international recognition. The country had already been granted recognition by a limited number of countries (including Romania, Turkey, Canada, Finland, Ukraine, the Baltic States and others) but recognition by major countries, including the U.S., Sweden, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Pakistan, India, came only during Christmas of 1991.\nThe political dispute turned violent on September 2, when an anti-government demonstration in Tbilisi was dispersed by police. The most ominous development was the splintering of the Georgian National Guard into pro- and anti-government factions, with the latter setting up an armed camp outside the capital. Skirmishes between the two sides occurred across Tbilisi during October and November with occasional fatalities resulting from gunfights. Paramilitary groups — one of the largest of which was the anti-Gamsakhurdia \"Mkhedrioni\" (\"Horsemen\" or \"Knights\"), a nationalist militia with several thousand members — set up barricades around the city.", "On 22 December 1991, armed opposition supporters launched a violent coup d'état and attacked a number of official buildings including the Georgian parliament building, where Gamsakhurdia himself was sheltering. Heavy fighting continued in Tbilisi until 6 January 1992, leaving hundreds dead and the centre of the city heavily damaged. On 6 January, Gamsakhurdia and members of his government escaped through opposition lines and made their way to Azerbaijan where they were denied asylum. Armenia finally hosted Gamsakhurdia for a short period and rejected Georgian demands to extradite Gamsakhurdia back to Georgia. In order not to complicate tense relations with Georgia, Armenian authorities allowed Gamsakhurdia to move to the breakaway Russian republic of Chechnya, where he was granted asylum by the rebel government of General Dzhokhar Dudayev.\nIt was later claimed that Russian forces had been involved in the coup against Gamsakhurdia. On 15 December 1992 the Russian newspaper Moskovskiye Novosti printed a letter claiming that the former Vice-Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District, Colonel General Sufian Bepayev, had sent a \"subdivision\" to assist the armed opposition. If the intervention had not taken place, it was claimed, \"Gamsakhurdia supporters would have been guaranteed victory.\" It was also claimed that Soviet special forces had helped the opposition to attack the state television tower on 28 December.\nA Military Council made up of Gamsakhurdia opponents took over the government on an interim basis. One of its first actions was to formally depose Gamsakhurdia as President. It reconstituted itself as a State Council and, without any formal referendum or election, in March 1992 appointed Gamsakhurdia's old rival Eduard Shevardnadze as chairman, who then ruled as de facto president until the formal restoration of the presidency in November 1995.", "After his overthrow, Gamsakhurdia continued to promote himself as the legitimate president of Georgia. He was still recognized as such by some governments and international organizations, although as a matter of pragmatic politics the insurrectionist Military Council was quickly accepted as the governing authority in the country. Gamsakhurdia himself refused to accept his ouster, not least because he had been elected to the post with an overwhelming majority of the popular vote (in conspicuous contrast to the undemocratically appointed Shevardnadze). In November–December 1992, he was invited to Finland (by the Georgia Friendship Group of the Parliament of Finland) and Austria (by the International Society for Human Rights). In both countries, he held press conferences and meetings with parliamentarians and government officials (source: Georgian newspaper Iberia-Spektri, Tbilisi, December 15–21, 1992).\nClashes between pro- and anti-Gamsakhurdia forces continued throughout 1992 and 1993 with Gamsakhurdia supporters taking captive government officials and government forces retaliating with reprisal raids. One of the most serious incidents occurred in Tbilisi on 24 June 1992, when armed Gamsakhurdia supporters seized the state television center. They managed to broadcast a radio message declaring that \"The legitimate government has been reinstated. The red junta is nearing its end.\" However, they were driven out within a few hours by the National Guard. They may have intended to prompt a mass uprising against the Shevardnadze government, but this did not materialize.\nShevardnadze's government imposed a harshly repressive regime throughout Georgia to suppress \"Zviadism\", with security forces and the pro-government Mkhedrioni militia carrying out widespread arrests and harassment of Gamsakhurdia supporters. Although Georgia's poor human rights record was strongly criticized by the international community, Shevardnadze's personal prestige appears to have convinced them to swallow their doubts and grant the country formal recognition. Government troops moved into Abkhazia in September 1992 in an effort to root out Gamsakhurdia's supporters among the Georgian population of the region, but well-publicized human rights abuses succeeded only in worsening already poor ethnic relations. Later, in September 1993, a full-scale war broke out between Georgian forces and Abkhazian separatists. This ended in a decisive defeat for the government, with government forces and 300,000 Georgians being driven out of Abkhazia and an estimated 10,000 people being killed in the fighting.", "Gamsakhurdia soon took up the apparent opportunity to bring down Shevardnadze. He returned to Georgia on 24 September 1993, a couple of days before the ultimate Fall of Sukhumi, establishing a \"government in exile\" in the western Georgian city of Zugdidi. He announced that he would continue \"the peaceful struggle against an illegal military junta\" and concentrated on building an anti-Shevardnadze coalition, drawing on the support of the regions of Samegrelo (Mingrelia) and Abkhazia. He also built up a substantial military force that was able to operate relatively freely in the face of the weak security forces of the state. After initially demanding immediate elections, Gamsakhurdia took advantage of the Georgian army's rout to seize large quantities of weapons abandoned by the retreating governmental forces. A civil war engulfed western Georgia in October 1993 as Gamsakhurdia's forces succeeded in capturing several key towns and transport hubs. Government forces fell back in disarray, leaving few obstacles between Gamsakhurdia's forces and Tbilisi. However, Gamsakhurdia's capture of the economically vital Georgian Black Sea port of Poti threatened the interests of Russia, Armenia (totally landlocked and dependent on Georgia's ports) and Azerbaijan. In an apparent and very controversial quid pro quo, all three countries expressed their support for Shevardnadze's government, which in turn agreed to join the Commonwealth of Independent States. While the support from Armenia and Azerbaijan was purely political, Russia quickly mobilized troops to aid the Georgian government. On 20 October around 2,000 Russian troops moved to protect Georgian railroads and provided logistical support and weapons to the poorly armed government forces. The uprising quickly collapsed and Zugdidi fell on 6 November.", "On 31 December 1993, Zviad Gamsakhurdia died in circumstances that are still unclear. It is known that he died in the village of Dzveli Khibula in the Samegrelo region of western Georgia and later was re-buried in the village of Jikhashkari (also in the Samegrelo region). According to British press reports, the body was found with a single bullet wound to the head. A variety of reasons have been given for his death, which is still controversial and remains unresolved. In fact his body was found with 2 bullet wounds to the head. \nYears later Avtandil Ioseliani - counter-intelligence head of interim government - admitted that two special units were hunting Zviad on interim government's orders.\nIn the first days of December 1993 two members of President's personal guard also disappeared without a trace, after being sent on a scout mission. Some remains and ashes, never identified, were found 17 years later.", "According to former Deputy Director of Biopreparat Ken Alibek, this laboratory was possibly involved in the design of an undetectable chemical or biological agent to assassinate Gamsakhurdia. BBC News reported that some of Gamsakhurdia's friends believed he committed suicide, \"although his widow insists that he was murdered.\"", "Gamsakhurdia's widow later told the Interfax news agency that her husband shot himself on 31 December when he and a group of colleagues found the building where he was sheltering surrounded by forces of the pro-Shevardnadze Mkhedrioni militia. The Russian media reported that his bodyguards heard a muffled shot in the next room and found that Gamsakhurdia had killed himself with a shot to the head from a Stechkin pistol. The Chechen authorities published what they claimed was Gamsakhurdia's suicide note: \"Being in clear state of mind, I commit this act in token of protest against the ruling regime in Georgia and because I am deprived of the possibility, acting as the president, to normalize the situation, and to restore law and order\"", "The Georgian Interior Ministry under Shevardnadze's regime suggested that he had either been deliberately killed by his own supporters, or had died following a quarrel with his former chief commander, Loti Kobalia.\nGamsakhurdia's death was announced by the Georgian government on January 5, 1994. Some refused to believe that Gamsakhurdia had died at all but this question was eventually settled when his body was recovered on 15 February 1994. Zviad Gamsakhurdia's remains were re-buried in the Chechen capital Grozny on 17 February 1994. On 3 March 2007, the newly appointed president of Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov announced that Gamsakhurdia's grave – lost in the debris and chaos of a war-ravaged Grozny – had been found in the center of the city. Gamsakhurdia's remains were identified by Russian experts in Rostov-on-Don, and arrived in Georgia on 28 March 2007, for reburial. He was interred alongside other prominent Georgians at the Mtatsminda Pantheon on 1 April 2007. Thousands of people throughout Georgia had arrived in Mtskheta's medieval cathedral to pay tribute to Gamsakhurdia. \"We are implementing the decision which was [taken] in 2004 – to bury President Gamsakhurdia on his native soil. This is a fair and absolutely correct decision,\" President Mikheil Saakashvili told reporters, the Civil Georgia internet news website reported on 31 March.", "On 14 December 2018, Constantine and Tsotne Gamsakhurdia, the former president's two sons, announced concerns about the expiration of the statute of limitations set at the end of the same year for a potential investigation into the death of their father, as Georgian law set a 25-year limit for serious crime investigations. They then announced the beginning of a hunger strike.\nOn 21 December, newly-inaugurated President Salome Zurabishvili formally endorsed the request to expand the statute of limitations, calling Gamsakhurdia's death a “murder”, a move supported by opposition and ruling party members of Parliament. Less than a week later, Parliament approved a bill to expand the statute of limitations for serious crimes from 25 to 30 years after the crime, following Constantine Gamsakhurdia's hospitalization.\nOn 26 December, following the set-up of a new investigative group under the leadership of General Prosecutor Shalva Tadumadze, Tsotne Gamsakhurdia ended his hunger strike, thus promising a new investigation into his father's death.", "Gamsakhurdia was married twice. He and his first wife, Dali Lolua, had one son, Konstantine Gamsakhurdia.\nGamsakhurdia's second wife, Manana Archvadze-Gamsakhurdia, was the inaugural First Lady of independent Georgia. The couple had two sons, Tsotne and Giorgi.", "On 26 January 2004, in a ceremony held at the Kashueti Church of Saint George in Tbilisi, the newly elected President Mikheil Saakashvili officially rehabilitated Gamsakhurdia to resolve the lingering political effects of his overthrow in an effort to \"put an end to disunity in our society\", as Saakashvili put it. He praised Gamsakhurdia's role as a \"great statesman and patriot\" and promulgated a decree granting permission for Gamsakhurdia's body to be reburied in the Georgian capital, declaring that the \"abandon[ment of] the Georgian president's grave in a war zone ... is a shame and disrespectful of one's own self and disrespectful of one's own nation\". He also renamed a major road in Tbilisi after Gamsakhurdia and released 32 Gamsakhurdia supporters imprisoned by Shevardnadze's government in 1993–1994, who were regarded by many Georgians and some international human rights organizations as being political prisoners. In 2013, he was posthumously awarded the title and Order of National Hero of Georgia.\nGamsakhurdia's supporters continue to promote his ideas through a number of public societies. In 1996, a public, cultural and educational non-governmental organization called the Zviad Gamsakhurdia Society in the Netherlands was founded in the Dutch city of 's-Hertogenbosch. It now has members in a number of European countries.", "List of unsolved deaths", "20th century American Poetry (a monograph). Ganatleba, Tbilisi, 1972 (in Georgian)\nThe Man in the Panther's Skin\" in English, a monograph, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1984, 222 pp. (In Georgian, English summary).\n\"Goethe's Weltanschauung from the Anthroposophic point of view.\", Tsiskari, Tbilisi, No 5, 1985 (in Georgian)\nTropology (Image Language) of \"The Man in the Panther's Skin\", monograph). Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1991 (in Georgian)\nCollected articles and Essays. 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Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.\n\"ზვიად გამსახურდიას დაცვის წევრების ლიკვიდაციის დეტალები\". YouTube. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.\nKen Alibek and S. Handelman. Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World – Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran it. 1999. Delta (2000) ISBN 0-385-33496-6\nReburial for Georgia ex-president. The BBC News. Retrieved on April 1, 2007.\nZaza Tsuladze & Umalt Dudayev (16 February 2010). \"Burial Mystery of Georgian Leader\". No. 375. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008.\n\"Reburial for Georgia ex-president\". BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 1 April 2007.\n\"Thousands Pay Tribute to the First President\". Civil Georgia. 31 March 2007. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008.\n\"First Ladies of Independent Georgia\". Georgian Journal. 29 October 2018. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2020.\nKirtzkhalia, N. (27 October 2013). \"Georgian president awards National Hero title posthumously to Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Merab Kostava\". Trend. Retrieved 14 January 2015.", "President Zviad Gamsakhurdia's Memorial Page at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)\nReports of the International Society for Human Rights (ISHR-IGFM)\nReports of the British Helsinki Human Rights Group (BHHRG)\nGeorgian Media in the 90s: a Step To Liberty\nCountry Studies: Georgia — U.S. Library of Congress\nSHAVLEGO at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)\n \"The Lion in Winter — My Friend Zviad Gamsakhurdia\", Todor Todorev, May 2002\nZviad Gamsakhurdia. \"Open Letter to E. Shevardnadze\"\nZviad Gamsakhurdia. \"The Nomenklatura Revanche in Georgia\" at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)\n\"The Transcaucasian Republics and the Coup\", Elizabeth Fuller, August 1991", "\"Soviets Release Penitent Dissident\" — The Washington Post, June 30, 1979\n\"New Leaders Show Their Old Habits; Georgia, Some Other Soviet Republics Cling to Authoritarian Ways\" — The Washington Post, September 18, 1991\n(in Russian) \"Russki Curier\", Paris, September 1991.\n(in Finnish) Aila Niinimaa-Keppo. \"Shevardnadzen valhe\" (\"The Lie of Shevardnadze\"), Helsinki, 1992.\n(in German) Johann-Michael Ginther, \"About the Putch in Georgia\" — Zeitgeschehen – Der Pressespiegel (Sammatz, Germany), No 14, 1992.\n\"Repression Follows Putsch in Georgia!\" — \"Human Rights Worldwide\", Frankfurt/M., No 2 (Vol. 2), 1992.\n(in Finnish) \"Purges, tortures, arson, murders...\" — Iltalehti (Finland), April 2, 1992.\n(in Finnish) \"Entinen Neuvostoliito\". Edited by Antero Leitzinger. Publishing House \"Painosampo\", Helsinki, 1992, pp. 114–115. ISBN 952-9752-00-8.\n\"Attempted Coup Blitzed in Georgia; Two Killed\" — Chicago Sun-Times, June 25, 1992.\n\"Moskovskie Novosti\" (\"The Moscow News\"), December 15, 1992.\n(in Georgian) \"Iberia-Spektri\", Tbilisi, December 15–21, 1992.\nJ. \"Soviet Analyst\". Vol. 21, No: 9-10, London, 1993, pp. 15–31.\nOtto von Habsburg.- ABC (Spain). November 24, 1993.\nRobert W. Lee. \"Dubious Reforms in Former USSR\".- The New American, Vol. 9, No 2, 1993.\n(in English and Georgian) \"Gushagi\" (Journal of Georgian political émigrés), Paris, No 1/31, 1994. ISSN 0764-7247, OCLC 54453360.\nMark Almond. \"The West Underwrites Russian Imperialism\" — The Wall Street Journal, European Edition, February 7, 1994.\n\"Schwer verletzte Menschenrechte in Georgien\" — Neue Zürcher Zeitung. August 19, 1994.\n\"Intrigue Marks Alleged Death Of Georgia's Deposed Leader\" — The Wall Street Journal. January 6, 1994\n\"Georgians dispute reports of rebel leader's suicide\" — The Guardian (UK). January 6, 1994\n\"Ousted Georgia Leader a Suicide, His Wife Says\" — Los Angeles Times. January 6, 1994\n\"Eyewitness: Gamsakhurdia's body tells of bitter end\" — The Guardian (UK). February 18, 1994.\n(in German) Konstantin Gamsachurdia: \"Swiad Gamsachurdia: Dissident — Präsident — Märtyrer\", Perseus-Verlag, Basel, 1995, 150 pp. ISBN 3-907564-19-7.\nRobert W. Lee. \"The \"Former\" Soviet Bloc.\" — The New American, Vol. 11, No 19, 1995.\n\"CAUCASUS and unholy alliance.\" Edited by Antero Leitzinger. ISBN 952-9752-16-4. Publishing House \"Kirja-Leitzinger\" (Leitzinger Books), Vantaa (Finland), 1997, 348 pp.\n(in Dutch) \"GEORGIE — 1997\" (Report of the Netherlands Helsinki Union/NHU), s-Hertogenbosch (The Netherlands), 1997, 64 pp.\n\"Insider Report\" — The New American, Vol. 13, No 4, 1997.\nLevan Urushadze. \"The role of Russia in the Ethnic Conflicts in the Caucasus.\"- CAUCASUS: War and Peace. Edited by Mehmet Tutuncu, Haarlem (The Netherlands), 1998, 224 pp. ISBN 90-901112-5-5.\n\"Insider Report\" — The New American, Vol. 15, No 20, 1999.\n\"Gushagi\", Paris, No 2/32, 1999. OCLC 54453360.\n(in Dutch) Bas van der Plas. \"GEORGIE: Traditie en tragedie in de Kaukasus.\" Publishing House \"Papieren Tijger\", Nijmegen (The Netherlands), 2000, 114 pp. ISBN 90-6728-114-X.\n(in English) Levan Urushadze. \"About the history of Russian policy in the Caucasus.\"- IACERHRG's Yearbook — 2000, Tbilisi, 2001, pp. 64–73.", "Quotations related to Zviad Gamsakhurdia at Wikiquote" ]

[ "Zviad Gamsakhurdia", "Gamsakhurdia as dissident", "Early career", "Human rights activism", "Trial, 15–19 May 1978", "Moves towards independence", "Gamsakhurdia as president", "Human rights violations criticism", "The rise of the opposition", "Coup d'état", "Gamsakhurdia in exile", "1993 civil war", "Gamsakhurdia's death", "Assassination", "Suicide", "Died in infighting", "Investigation into death", "Personal life", "Legacy", "See also", "Selected works", "References", "Links and literature", "Media articles and references", "External links" ]

[ 5360579, 5360580, 5360581 ]

[ 27240723, 27240724, 27240725, 27240726, 27240727, 27240728, 27240729, 27240730, 27240731, 27240732, 27240733, 27240734, 27240735, 27240736, 27240737, 27240738, 27240739, 27240740, 27240741, 27240742, 27240743, 27240744, 27240745, 27240746, 27240747, 27240748, 27240749, 27240750, 27240751, 27240752, 27240753, 27240754, 27240755, 27240756, 27240757, 27240758, 27240759, 27240760, 27240761, 27240762, 27240763, 27240764, 27240765, 27240766, 27240767, 27240768, 27240769, 27240770, 27240771, 27240772, 27240773, 27240774, 27240775, 27240776, 27240777, 27240778, 27240779, 27240780, 27240781, 27240782, 27240783, 27240784, 27240785, 27240786, 27240787, 27240788, 27240789, 27240790, 27240791, 27240792, 27240793, 27240794, 27240795, 27240796, 27240797, 27240798, 27240799, 27240800, 27240801, 27240802, 27240803, 27240804, 27240805, 27240806, 27240807, 27240808, 27240809 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Izoria_zviad_20081119_olympiade_dresden.jpg" ]

[ "Zviad Izoria (Georgian: ზვიად იზორია, born 6 January 1984 in Georgia) is a chess grandmaster playing for the United States. Zviad is a winner of HB Global Chess Challenge and a $50,000 in prize money. He played on the Georgian team at 2002, 2004, and 2008 chess olympiad. Zviad was a 2005 World Cup participant and 2007 World Cup qualifier.", "2000: Victory at the World Youth Chess Championship for U16.\n2000: Winner of the Moscow Kasparov Cup.\n2001: Victory at the European Youth Chess Championship for U18. Victory at the European Junior Chess Championship for U20.\n2002: Victory at the European Junior Chess Championship for U20.\n2005: Winner of the HB Global Chess Challenge 2005, and a prize of $50,000 (USD), along with a valuable jeweled watch.\n2018: Victory over Fabiano Caruana (2018 World Championship Challenger) and Hikaru Nakamura at the US Chess Championship.\n2020: First place in the 29th annual North American Open along with Hovhannes Gabuzyan.", "The richest open tournament in chess history, www.chessbase.com\nResults of the HB Global Chess Challenge, www.chesscenter.com\n\"29th Annual North American Open February 2020 United States of America FIDE Chess Tournament report\". ratings.fide.com. Retrieved 16 June 2020.", "Zviad Izoria chess games at 365Chess.com\nZviad Izoria player profile and games at Chessgames.com" ]

[ "Zviad Izoria", "Selected tournament victories", "Notes", "External links" ]

[ 5360582 ]

[ 27240810, 27240811 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/TsikoliaZviadi.jpg" ]

[ "Zviad Tsikolia (Georgian: ზვიად ციკოლია) (born July 14, 1971) is a Georgian industrial designer. Since 2010 he is a leading in-house designer at the design bureau STC Delta.", "Zviad Tsikolia was born in Tbilisi, Georgia. Zviad studied at the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts, faculty of Industrial Design.\nHis first success was at the republic-wide competition at Poti in 1986, where his truck design won the Grand Prix. In 1987, Zviad was awarded the bronze medal on the Exhibit of People's Achievements in Moscow, where he presented his trailer design. In 1993 he became a leading designer at Air Georgia. One of the milestone achievements was the Frankfurt Auto Show in 1997, where Zviad presented his Bugatti Concept Car. In 2001, Zviad received an invitation from Peugeot on the position of a consultant. His Luxury Russo-Baltique Impression was exhibited in Villa d'Este in 2006 and at the Geneva Auto Show in 2007. He was hired as a leading designer by the Japanese company DCI in the same year. Zviad moved to a Georgian design bureau Delta in 2010 where he designed first Georgian armored vehicle Didgori. Zviad regularly takes part in a number of projects. He founded his own watch company UNIQ in 2011. In 2013–2014 he worked as a consultant to the company SAIC Motor, where he designed interior for the car concepts in development.\nTsikolia lives in Tbilisi. He is married to Marina Khorava, also a Georgian designer. They have two children, Buba and Iva.", "1987 – Bronze medal awarded on the Exhibit of People's Achievements, Moscow;\n1993 – Winner of the competition Air Georgia;\n2001 – Winner of the Russo-Baltique competition;\n2006 – Red Dot Design Award for the design of the Fashion Watch;\n2011 – Medal of Honor (Georgia);\n2013 – Vakhtang Gorgasali medal of 2nd degree;\n2014 – Red Dot Design Award for the packaging design.", "Official site" ]

[ "Zviad Tsikolia", "Biography", "Awards", "External links" ]

[ 5360583 ]

[ 27240812, 27240813, 27240814, 27240815 ]

[ "Zviane at the Sommets du cinéma d'animation in 2017", "Zviane (center) with comics creators Capucine (left) and Iris (right), at the Québec International Book Fair, 2013", "The cover of Ping-pong (2014), \"a sort of essay, with lots of text\"" ]

[ 0, 3, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Sylvie-Anne_M%C3%A9nard_%E2%80%93_Zviane_-_Sommets_du_cin%C3%A9ma_d%27animation_2017.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Capucine%2C_Zviane%2C_Iris_2013-04-13.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Zviane%2C_couverture_de_Ping-pong.jpg" ]

[ "Zviane (pen name of Sylvie-Anne Ménard; born in 1983 in Longueuil) is a comics creator (writer and artist) and a musician from Montréal, Quebec.", "A musician since her youth, Zviane earned a baccalaureate in music from Université de Montréal. She teaches music theory.\nThrough the art group Vestibulles in cégep du Vieux Montréal, Zviane's works were noticed by Jimmy Beaulieu, who published them in the collections of publishers Mécanique générale and Colosse. Her web blog was noticed by French creator Boulet, who helped her become better known in Europe. Her work Le point B won a contest earning that book to be published by the Monet Library.\nIn 2009, Zviane spent six months at the Maison des auteurs in Angoulême.\nZviane publishes several comic works each year. She combines music and comics. Music is almost always present in her comics.", "", "Les constats de la vie que l'on constate, Grafigne.com, coll. \"Cœur de loup\", 2004\nDans l'estomac, Grafigne.com, coll. \"Cœur de loup\", 2005\nLe monstre, Grafigne.com, coll. \"Cœur de loup\", 2006\nLe point B, Monet éditeur, 2006, 128 p., ISBN 978-2-980966-60-6\nQuelque part entre 9h et 10h, Colosse, 2006\nComment le dictionnaire fut-il inventé ?, with Charles Ménard as writer, Grafigne.com, coll. \"Cœur de loup\", 2007\nDes étoiles dans les oreilles, with Martine Rhéaume as cowriter, Société de musique contemporaine du Québec, 2007, ISBN 9782980678295\nLa plus jolie fin du monde, éditions Mécanique générale, 2007 ISBN 978-2-922827-36-1\nÉtirer un élastique, Fichtre, 2008\nUn incroyable talent, Fichtre, 2008\nTu pouvais pas savoir, Grafigne.com, coll. \"Cœur de loup\", 2008\nLes tarifs vont augmenter, Fichtre, 2009\nS'tie qu'on est ben, story and art created with Iris, self-published, 2009\nLe quart de millimètre, éditions Grafigne.com, 2009, ISBN 978-2-923575-36-0\nLe Mat, Colosse, 2009, ISBN 978-2-923664-14-9\nApnée, éditions Pow Pow, 2010, ISBN 978-2-9811128-7-3\nAmsterdam, Grafigne.com, coll. \"Cœur de loup\", 2010\nÇa s'est passé en 2006 dans un autobus de Longueuil, Colosse, 2010\nLe bestiaire des fruits, self-published, 2011\nL'ostie d'chat, story and art created with Iris, Delcourt, coll. \"Shampoing\"\nTome 1, 2011\nTome 2, 2012\nTome 3, 2012\nPain de viande avec dissonances, éditions Pow Pow, 2011, ISBN 978-2-924049-00-6\nL'ostie d'chat : les bonus, with Iris, 2012 (?), 88 p.\nStie qu'on est pas ben, story and art created with Sophie Bédard, self-published, 2012\nLes deuxièmes, éditions Pow Pow, 2013, 132 p., ISBN 978-2-924049-06-8\nLe son de la pluie, self-published, 2013\nLe bestiaire des fruits (enlarged and partly redrawn edition), La Pastèque, collection \"Pomélo\", 2014, 124 p., ISBN 978-2-923841-54-0\nPing-pong, self-published, 2014, 152 p., ISBN 978-2-924054-05-5\nFor as long as it rains, Pow Pow Press, 2015 (the translation in English of Les deuxièmes)\nClub sandwich, éditions Pow Pow, 2016 ISBN 978-2-924049-31-0\nLa Jungle, comics magazine launched by Zviane in 2016, self-published, biannual\nNo 1, October, 2016, 88 p., ISBN 978-2-924054-07-9\nNo 2, La Mer, April, 2017", "\"Mauve Ciel\", in Histoires d'hiver, collective by the winners of the Hachette Canada bande dessinée contest 2009, Glénat Québec, 2009 ISBN 978-2-923621-15-9\n\"Bagarre (ou étirer un élastique II)\", in Bagarre, collective, Colosse, 2009\n\"Esquive\" in Partie de pêche, collective by the winners of the Hachette Canada bande dessinée contest 2010, Glénat Québec, 2010 ISBN 978-2-7619-2974-5\n\"Dans mon corps\" in Zik & BD, Éditions de l'Homme, 2010 ISBN 978-2-923621-29-6\n\"Devenir grand\", with Luc Bossé, in Partie de pêche, collective by the winners of the Hachette Canada bande dessinée contest 2011, Glénat Québec, 2011\nPing-pong, edition commented by other authors, éditions Pow Pow, 2015, 236 p., ISBN 978-2-924049-24-2", "La leçon de classique, with Julien Cayer as writer, a monthly webcomic about classical music, on the website of Espace musique, the music channel of the Société Radio-Canada, 2008\nZviane collaborated with a professor of music at Université de Montréal to make L'œil qui entend, l'oreille qui voit: A model of analysis for the tonal harmonic discourse, an online book about music, using comics, versions in French and in English.", "", "Winner of the first Concours québécois de bande dessinée\nFirst Prize Glénat Québec 2009 for Mauve ciel\nFirst Prize Glénat Québec 2010 for Esquive\nFifth Prize Glénat Québec 2011 for Devenir grand, with Luc Bossé\nBédélys Prize for an independent work 2011 for Le bestiaire des fruits\nGrand prix de la Ville de Québec 2011 (prix Bédéis causa) for Apnée\nGrand prix de la Ville de Québec 2014 (prix Bédéis causa) for Les deuxièmes\nWinner of the Joe Shuster Award for Cartoonist 2014 for Les deuxièmes", "Prix Bédélys Québec, 2007 for La plus jolie fin du monde\nPrix Bédélys fanzine 2008 for Tu pouvais pas savoir\nPrix Bédélys Québec 2010 for Le quart de millimètre\nPrix Bédélys fanzine 2010 for S'tie qu'on est ben\nPrix Bédélys Québec 2011 for Apnée\nJoe Shuster Award for Cover Artist 2011 for Apnée\nPrix Bédélys independent 2014 for Le son de la pluie", "Page on the site of the Maison des auteurs\nSt-Jacques, Marianne (March 27, 2011), \"Zviane, nouvelle voix de la BD québécoise\", ActuaBD (in French), retrieved November 27, 2014\nDes étoiles dans les oreilles, Société de musique contemporaine du Québec\nNicola Fréret, \"Les deuxièmes: partition sexuelle\", canoe, September 23, 2013, retrieved September 27, 2013\nPhilippe Michaud, \"Jouer du Milhaud et faire l’amour\", Affaires de gars, September 24, 2013, retrieved September 27, 2013\nTeaser for For as long as it rains (with music). Retrieved April 26, 2015\nMarianne St-Jacques, \"Radio-Canada : La musique classique a son webcomic\", ActuaBD, October 12, 2008, retrieved November 27, 2014\nL'oeil qui entend, l'oreille qui voit, online book, Université de Montréal\nFestival de la bande dessinée francophone de Québec, \"Les lauréats des Bédéis Causa 2014 dévoilés\", retrieved April 13, 2014\nMarianne St-Jacques, \"Zviane : 'C’est une œuvre sur les relations ; le sexe est là pour comprendre ce qui se passe entre les personnages.'\", ActuaBD, April 12, 2014, retrieved November 27, 2014\n\"The winners of the 2014 Joe Shuster Awards\", Joe Shuster Awards, September 20, 2014, retrieved November 27, 2014", "Zviane's website\nZviane's blog\n\"L'ostie d'chat\" comics, by Zviane and Iris" ]

[ "Zviane", "Biography", "Publications", "Books and other works", "In collective works", "Other", "Awards and nominations", "Awards", "Nominations", "Notes and references", "External links" ]

[ 5360584, 5360585, 5360586 ]

[ 27240816, 27240817, 27240818, 27240819, 27240820, 27240821, 27240822, 27240823, 27240824, 27240825, 27240826 ]

[ "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Tara_national_park_serbia.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Dinarides_relief_location_map.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_relief_location_map.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Reliefkarte_Serbien.png" ]

[ "Zvijezda (Serbian Cyrillic: Звијезда) is a mountain on the border of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, between towns of Bajina Bašta and Višegrad. Its highest peak Veliki Stolac lies on Bosnian territory and has an elevation of 1,673 meters above sea level, followed by Kozji rid (1591m), Pivnice (1575m), Mrka kosa (1545m), and Lisnata glavica (1510m), on Serbian side. Zvijezda lies in a large bend of the Drina river, and presents a western extension of the Tara mountain. Serbian parts of the mountain belong to the Tara National Park. \nA football club from neighbouring town of Višegrad bears its name, FK Zvijezda.", "Jovan Đokić. \"Katalog planina Srbije\". PSD Kopaonik Beograd. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011.\n\"Nacionalni park – Planina Tara\". Serbia travel." ]

[ "Zvijezda (mountain)", "References" ]

[ 5360587, 5360588, 5360589 ]

[ 27240827 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93.JPG" ]

[ "Zvi Greengold (Hebrew: צבי \"צביקה\" גרינגולד; born 10 February 1952) is a former Israel Defense Forces (IDF) officer who fought during the 1973 Yom Kippur War as a tank commander. He is one of only eight people who fought in the war to be awarded the Medal of Valor, the nation's highest medal for heroism. He is a former mayor of Ofakim.", "Zvi (\"Zvika\") Greengold was born and raised on Kibbutz Lohamey HaGeta'ot (English: Kibbutz of the Ghetto Fighters, founded by Holocaust survivors of underground and partisan combat against the Nazis). His parents were among the founders of the kibbutz.", "Twenty-one-year-old Lieutenant Greengold was home on leave when Egypt and Syria launched a coordinated surprise attack on two fronts. He was not attached to any unit as he was about to take a course for company commanders. Once he realized war had broken out, he hitchhiked to Nafekh, a command center and important crossroads in the Golan Heights, where he initially helped with the wounded, as no tanks were available. When two damaged Centurion tanks were repaired, Greengold was put in charge of them and, at 2100 hours, was ordered to take hastily assembled scratch crews down the Tapline Road.\nGreengold's Koah Zvika (Zvika Force) spotted tanks belonging to the Syrian Army's 51st Independent Tank Brigade, which had broken through the line and were advancing unopposed northwest along the road to Nafekh. Greengold's two tanks engaged the opposing T-55s, with Greengold destroying six. His tank was damaged, so he switched tanks and sent his original tank back for repairs.\nThen he spotted the advancing 452nd Tank Battalion. He engaged the enemy, taking advantage of the darkness and moving constantly to fool the Syrians into thinking the opposition was stronger than it was. Greengold destroyed or damaged ten enemy armoured vehicles before the confused Syrians withdrew, believing they were facing a sizable force. Even Greengold's superiors were deceived; as the fighting wore on, he did not dare report how weak he actually was over the radio for fear it would be intercepted. He could only hint \"the situation isn't good\". At a time when Zvika Force consisted of only one tank, Colonel Yitzhak Ben-Shoham, the brigade commander, assumed it to be \"of at least company strength\".\nFor the next 20 hours, he fought, sometimes alone, sometimes in conjunction with other tanks, displaying an uncanny knack for showing up again and again at the critical moment to tip the scales of a skirmish. At 2230, he was joined by eight or ten tanks under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Uzi Mor. After being briefed by Greengold, Mor ordered an advance. Most of his tanks were knocked out by a Syrian force; Mor was seriously wounded, Greengold's driver was killed, and Greengold's uniform caught on fire. Greengold took charge of one undamaged tank, while the other two carried away the wounded. He had to change vehicles \"half a dozen times\" as his tanks were knocked out.\nGreengold recalled in a 2015 Jerusalem Post article that at sunrise, he was part of a force of 14 tanks that engaged an entire Syrian armored division, \"made up of some 100 tanks and 40 armored personnel carriers.\" When Nafekh itself came under attack from a fresh force of T-62s, he and others rushed over to bolster the defense. In a lull in the fighting, an exhausted Greengold got out of his latest tank and dropped to the ground, murmuring, \"I can't anymore.\"\nAfterward, he claimed 20 enemy tanks destroyed; another estimate places his tally at 60. \nIn 2016, Brig. Gen. (res.) Yair Nafshi told Israeli TV that then-reporter for Bamahane Renen Schorr concocted the story of Greengold single-handedly destroying a large number of Syrian tanks. Schorr flatly denied Nafshi's claim and Greengold characterized the assertion as a \"blood libel\" motivated by \"a mixture of jealousy, evil and psychological problems.\"", "Until 2008, he lived in a Galilee hilltop village. He was one of the founders of the vegetarian food company Tivall and the managing director of Frutarom chemical company.\nIn 2008, he was elected mayor of the Israeli city of Ofakim.", "\"Four of the IDF's Greatest Heroes\". The official blog of the Israeli Defense Forces. 12 January 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2014.\nAbraham Rabinovich (25 September 1998). \"Yom Kippur War: Shattered Heights\". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on June 24, 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2006.\nWickman, Major Michael D. (2001). \"Hold at All Costs\". Armour (March–April): 32–36.\n\"Zvika's Story\". The Department for Jewish Zionist Education. Archived from the original on June 3, 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2006.\nRabinovich, Abraham (2005). The Yom Kippur War. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 164. ISBN 0-8052-1124-1.\nYaakov Lappin (21 September 2015). \"I was willing to die to stop the Syrian advance\". Jerusalem Post.\nRabinovich, Abraham (2005). The Yom Kippur War. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 166–167. ISBN 0-8052-1124-1.\n\"Is Israel's Biggest Military Hero a Fake? And Does It Matter?\". 4 November 2016.\nOfer Aderet (October 30, 2016). \"Israeli Officer Says He Made Up One of the IDF's Most Iconic Tales of Heroism\". Haaretz.\nOfer Aderet (October 31, 2016). \"Israeli War Vet Slams Claims That Iconic Story of His Heroism Was Made Up\".\nAbraham Rabinovich (2 October 1998). \"Shattered Heights: Part 2\". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2006." ]

[ "Zvika Greengold", "Biography", "Military career", "Post-war activities", "References" ]

[ 5360590 ]

[ 27240828, 27240829, 27240830, 27240831, 27240832, 27240833, 27240834, 27240835, 27240836, 27240837, 27240838, 27240839 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Zvika_Hadar.jpg" ]

[ "Zvika Hadar (Hebrew: צביקה הדר, [ˈt͡svika haˈdaʁ]; born 7 April 1966) is an Israeli actor, comedian and television host.", "Zvi (Zvika) Fruchter (later Hadar) was born in Beersheba, Israel, to Romanian Jewish family. As a child, he studied piano. Early in his career, he composed numbers for musicals.\nHadar first appeared on television as Jojo Khalastra on the satiric show Ha-Comedy Store. He was the host of Kokhav Nolad, the Israeli version of Idol for ten seasons. He has also acted in a number of Israeli movies including starring in Pick a Card.\nIn September 2012, Hadar suffered cardiac arrest upon arriving at clinic in Tel Aviv for a checkup. The cardiologist performed CPR and revived him. He was transferred taken to Ichilov Hospital and was released after cardiac catheterization.", "In 1999, he was nominated for Best Actor award at the Awards of the Israeli Film Academy for his role in Afula Express.", "1998: Shemesh as Nachum Shemesh\n1999: Kochavim Baribu'a (TV series)\n1999: Afula Express as David\n2001: Shachar (TV series)\n2010: Blue Natalie (TV series) as Gadi Amit\n2013: Hunting Elephants as Daniel", "Striking a note for the Sephardim, Haaretz\nThe host with hidden talent, Haaretz\n'Israeli Idol' host Zvika Hadar hospitalized after cardiac arrest, Haaretz", "Zvika Hadar at IMDb" ]

[ "Zvika Hadar", "Biography", "Awards and recognition", "Filmography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360591 ]

[ 27240840, 27240841, 27240842 ]

[ "Zvimba District (light green) in Mashonaland West Province" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Mashonaland_West_districts.png" ]

[ "Zvimba District is a district of Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe.", "The district is located in Mashonaland West Province, in central northern Zimbabwe. Zvimba District is bordered by Guruve District to the north, Mazowe District to the east, the city of Harare to the southeast, Chegutu District to the south, Kadoma District to the southwest and Makonde District to the west and northwest.\nIts main town, Murombedzi, is located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) by road west of Harare, the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe. The district lies about 48 kilometres (30 mi) by road, south of the town of Chinhoyi, Makonde District, the nearest large town.", "The Zvimba chieftainship was founded by Neuteve Chihobvu who migrated from Guru Uswa. When he arrived in the area now known as Zvimba he complained that his feet were swollen, (Nda zvimba makumbo). He was thereafter called Zvimba. The land now called Zvimba then belonged to the Rozvi tribe then headed by Tambare. Tambare allocated the land to Neuteve (Zvimba). Neuteve became the first chief Zvimba.", "Zvimba District is primarily a farming and ranching district. Crops raised include tobacco, maize and cotton. Cattle are raised for dairy products and beef.", "A fair number of primary and secondary schools are located in Zvimba District, the most well-known being a private, selective school called Cornway College in Mt. Hampden on the outskirts of Zvimba and in very close proximity to Harare.\nKutama College previously known as (St Francis Xavier College) is an all-boys high school located near the town of Norton in the Zvimba area, 80 kilometres southwest of the Zimbabwean capital Harare.", "The current population of Zvimba District is 263 020 according to the last census of 2012. Of this population 50. 2 per cent are male while females constitute the remaining 49.8 per cent. By population size, Zvimba Rural District is the second largest in Mashonaland West after Hurungwe and has 17.5 per cent of the total provincial population. The 2017 ZimStats population projections state that by 2020 Zvimba will have around 161 660 males and 155 931 females respectively.", "James Chikerema\nSabina Mugabe\nTobaiwa Mudede\nFaber Chidarikire\nRobert Gabriel Mugabe\nThompson Samkange\nStanlake J. W. T. Samkange\nAugust Msarurgwa", "Districts of Zimbabwe\nProvinces of Zimbabwe", "\"Road Distance Between Murombedzi And Chinhoyi With Map\". Distancecalculator.himmera.com. Retrieved 9 March 2022.\n\"Census 2012 : Mashonaland West Province Report\" (PDF). Zimstat.co.zw. Retrieved 9 March 2022.\n\"INTER-CENSAL DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY, 2017\" (PDF). Zimstat.co.zw. Retrieved 9 March 2022." ]

[ "Zvimba District", "Location", "History of Chief Zvimba mtorashanga", "Overview", "Education", "Population", "Notable people", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360592 ]

[ 27240843, 27240844, 27240845, 27240846, 27240847, 27240848 ]

[ "Baptism of Zvinitsa's grandson Boris, through whom Zvinitsa was an ancestor of later rulers of Bulgaria" ]

[ 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/BorisIMichaelBaptism.jpg" ]

[ "Zvinitsa (Bulgarian: Звиница, Zviniča; called Zbēnitzēs in the Greek sources) was a Bulgarian nobleman who lived in the 9th century.", "Zvinitsa was a son of the Khan Omurtag and unknown woman, and thus a grandson of Krum and brother to Enravota and Malamir. As the second son of his father, Zvinitsa was not expected to become a ruler of the Bulgarians. Zvinitsa married an unknown woman, who bore him at least one child, the son named Presian.\nAfter the death of Omurtag, Malamir became new ruler, because the eldest sibling, Enravota, was considered dangerous, since he was interested in Christianity, whilst Zvinitsa died before his father. Malamir ordered the execution of Enravota. After Malamir's death, Presian became a ruler as Presian I, and through him, Zvinitsa was a grandfather of the Prince Boris I and Lady Anna.", "John Van Antwerp Fine Jr. (1983). The Early Medieval Balkans.\nCäğfär Taríxı\nFamily of Boris I" ]

[ "Zvinitsa", "Life", "Footnotes" ]

[ 5360593 ]

[ 27240849, 27240850 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Zvirce_Trzic_Slovenia_3.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Karte_Trzic_si.png" ]

[ "Zvirče ([zʋiɾˈtʃɛ]; German: Swirtschach) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.", "Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia Archived November 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine\nLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 66.", "Media related to Zvirče at Wikimedia Commons\nZvirče at Geopedia" ]

[ "Zvirče", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360594, 5360595 ]

[ 27240851 ]

[ "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Vran_Zvirnja%C4%8Da.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Coat_of_arms_of_Kupres.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_subdivision_map_Canton_10.png" ]

[ "Zvirnjača (Serbian: Звирњача) is a village in the municipality of Kupres, Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "According to the 2013 census, its population was 132, all Croats.", "Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.\n\"Naseljena Mjesta 1991/2013\" (in Bosnian). Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved September 18, 2021." ]

[ "Zvirnjača", "Demographics", "References" ]

[ 5360596, 5360597, 5360598 ]

[ 27240852 ]

[ "Midlands Districts", "Shava means Eland in ChiShona. The eland colour is called shava in ChiShona.", "Reddish Hills of Mashava at King Mine", "Shava is the name of the eland in ChiShona. The colour of these common elands is lighter than that of the giant elend above; so the colour is shavane or Shavani hence Zvishavane." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Midlands_districts.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Western_Derby_Eland_%28Taurotragus_derbianus_derbianus%29_3_crop.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Mashava_asbestos_mine_%2810180080%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Taurotragus_oryx.jpg" ]

[ "Zvishavane District is one of the eight districts in Midlands Province of Zimbabwe.\nIt has Mberengwa District to the south and Shurugwi District to the north.\nIts capital is Zvishavane town.", "Zvishavane District is home of Zvishavane Town which developed from an asbestos mine compound into a town.\nSee Shabanie Mashaba Mine.\nIt is also home to Murowa Diamond Mine located in Mazvihwa, 40 km\nfrom Zvishavane Town.", "Zvishavane District is run by two local government organs, the rural district council and the urban council.\nFor the rural district authority see Runde Rural District Council.\nThe Zvishavane Town Council, established in terms of the Zimbabwe Urban Councils Act, Chapter 29.15, administers the urban district.\n2013 - 2018 Council\nSource: Zimbabwe Electoral Commission\n2008 - 2013 Town Council\nSource: Kubatana Aechive", "Runde RDC\nTongogara RDC\nMutumwa Mawere\nMurowa\nMashava", "Faith Zaba|7 June 2013 Zvishavane: A tale of two different worlds The Zimbabwe Independent|News|Retrieved 2 March 2016\nMinistries of Local Government International |Chapter 29:15 Urban Councils Act|Zimbabwe Urban_Councils Act mlgi.org.za|Retrieved 2 March 2016\nNotice Board ZEC Local Authority Results-Midlands-Zvishavane Town Council Zec.gov.zw|Retrieved 2 March 2016\nThe Herald (zw) candidates -'Harmonised' elections 29 March 2008: Local Government - Midlands Archived February 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine kubatana.net|archive|Retrieved 2 March 2016" ]

[ "Zvishavane District", "Economy", "Local government", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360599, 5360600, 5360601, 5360602 ]

[ 27240853, 27240854 ]

[ "Elementary school in Zvizdar" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83_-_School_in_Zvizdar.jpg" ]

[ "Zvizdar is a village in the municipality of Ub, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 494 people.", "Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i Stanova 2002. Knjiga 1: Nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost po naseljima. Republika Srbija, Republički zavod za statistiku Beograd 2003. ISBN 86-84433-00-9" ]

[ "Zvizdar", "References" ]

[ 5360603 ]

[ 27240855 ]

[ "Misimović with Dynamo Moscow in 2011", "Misimović playing for Wolfsburg", "Misimović preparing to take a penalty kick during World Cup qualifier vs. Greece at Zenica's Bilino Polje in March 2013." ]

[ 0, 4, 16 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Zvjezdan_Misimovic_October_2011.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Misimovic_Wolfsburg.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Zvjezdan_Misimovi%C4%87_penalty_kick_vs_Greece.jpg" ]

[ "Zvjezdan Misimović (Serbian Cyrillic: Звјездан Мисимовић, [zʋjězdan misǐːmoʋitɕ]; born 5 June 1982) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who most notably played for Bayern Munich, VfL Wolfsburg, Galatasaray, Dynamo Moscow, and Beijing Renhe as an attacking midfielder. Misimović is the fourth most capped player in the history of the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team, capped 84 times. His 25 international goals also makes him his country's third top-goalscorer. He represented Bosnia and Herzegovina at 2014 FIFA World Cup.\nPrior to joining Dynamo Moscow, Misimović made a name for himself while playing for VfL Wolfsburg, with whom he won the Bundesliga in the 2008–09 season. In the same season, he accomplished 20 assists, which was the most in that season.", "Misimović was born to a family of Bosnian gastarbeiters who came to West Germany from Bosanska Gradiška during the late 1960s.", "", "Known in Germany as Zwetschge (a German plum) due to similar pronunciation to his first name, Misimović was a product of Bayern Munich youth academy. He played for four years with the club's reserve team, collecting 44 goals in 102 appearances. In the 2003–04 Regionalliga season, Misimović scored 21 goals, a personal best, finishing the league as top goalscorer jointly with Paolo Guerrero, his teammate. His first and only hat-trick on club level came in a 5–1 win over SC Pfullendorf on 2 November. Bayern II won the championship, but since being a reserve side, were barred from promotion, thus allowing 1. FC Saarbrücken to be promoted to the 2004–05 2. Bundesliga.\nDuring this time, he was able to play five times for the main squad. His senior debut occurred on 12 April 2003 in a 0–1 loss to Werder Bremen, match valid for the 28th week of 2002–03 Bundesliga; he entered the match as a 78-minute substitute, replacing fellow midfielder Bastian Schweinsteiger.\nMisimović joined VfL Bochum at the start of the 2004–05 season. He left the club at the end of 2007–08 season after his contract expired, while his move to 1. FC Nürnberg was announced in January 2007.\nMisimović signed for 1. FC Nürnberg in July 2007, immediately becoming one of the most important players in the squad. He made his first appearance of the season in the opening championship week against Karlsruher SC. Later on 15 September, he opened his scoring account by netting his side's first goal in an eventual 2–2 home draw against Hannover 96. In January of the following year, he suffered a groin injury, but was recovered back in time for the start of the second part of the season. However, in February, he was injured again, this time in his ankle ligament, which kept him sidelined for the 2007–08 UEFA Cup round of 32 tie against Benfica; without him, Nürnberg lost 3–2 on aggregate and was eliminated from the competition. It was a breakthrough season for Misimović, who scored ten league goals in 28 appearances, earning him a transfer to VfL Wolfsburg.", "Misimović completed a transfer to fellow Bundesliga side VfL Wolfsburg in June 2008 for €3.9 million, with the move becoming official on 1 July. He signed a contract until June 2012 and took squad number 10 for the 2008–09 season.\nMisimović made his official debut for the team on 16 August in the opening league match against 1. FC Köln, scoring the winning goal in the 78th minute for a 2–1 win at home. In October, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Arminia Bielefeld in his 100th Bundesliga appearance. Together with fellow Bosnian international Edin Džeko and Brazilian striker Grafite, they formed \"the magic triangle\". He played 33 matches during the season, all of them as starter, being instrumental for Wolfsburg who its first ever Bundesliga title. Misimović scored seven league goals, and also achieved 20 assists for the club, which was the record number of assists in one Bundesliga season, until Kevin De Bruyne surpassed it with one assist more, also while playing for Wolfsburg as well, in the 2014–15 season. In DFB-Pokal, Misimović played four matches as his side was knocked out in quarter-finals by Werder Bremen, while in UEFA Cup, he contributed with eight matches and four goals, including a brace against Braga in group stage, as Wolfsburg was eliminated in knockout stage.\nOn 4 August 2009, Misimović outstanding performances were rewarded with a new deal until 2013. He commented the renewal, stating the he \"feels at home\" at Wolfsburg\". Later in September, Misimović made his UEFA Champions League debut by playing full-90 minutes in a 3–1 home win versus Russia's PFC CSKA Moscow in the first match of group stage. He played in all group matches, but Wolfsburg didn't go more than the 3rd place, thus getting relegated to UEFA Europa League. His only goal in the competition came on 3 November against Beşiktaş, netting the opener and then setting the third scored by Džeko in a 3–0 win at Vodafone Park. In December, Misimović was one of the four Wolfsburg players to be nominated for 2009 UEFA Team of the Year, but did not made the final list. In UEFA Europa League, he scored his only goal in a round of 16 tie against Rubin Kazan in an eventual quarter-final exit.\nIn the championship, despite Wolfsburg's failure to retain the title, Misimović continued with his excellent performances, recording 15 assists, two short of Mesut Özil. He also bagged 10 goals, equaling his personal best in top flight first set with Nürnberg in 2007–08 season. For the 2010–11 season, the arrival of playmaker Diego made Misimović's future at the club uncertain. Despite appearing in the 2–1 away defeat to Bayern Munich in season's opener, he left the club in the last day of summer transfer window, opting to join Galatasaray S.K. in Turkey.\nMisimović concluded his two-year spell at Wolfsburg by making 92 appearances in all competitions and scoring 25 goals.", "On 31 August 2010, Galatasaray announced that Misimović had joined the team on a four-year contract for a sum of €7 million. He played his first match for the team on 13 September against Gaziantepspor. Despite initially becoming an undisputed starter, on 18 November 2010, Misimović was consigned to the reserve squad, as the head coach Gheorghe Hagi stated that he \"didn't need him in the squad\". He left the club in March 2011 after a disappointing spell, having made only nine appearances.", "On 3 March 2011, Misimović signed for Russian club Dynamo Moscow in a deal thought to be worth €4.5 million. The deal was until 2014. Before leaving Galatasaray, Misimović called coach Gheorghe Hagi \"a liar\", but added that he wished his former club all the best. \nMisimović made his competitive debut for the team on 12 March 2011 in a league match against Lokomotiv Moscow, while his first goal came in the next match against Rostov, netting a penalty kick in a 3–1 home win.\nMisimović concluded his first season in Russia by scoring ten goals in all competitions; he scored eight goals in league, including the winner against CSKA Moscow in April 2012. In 2011–12 Russian Cup, he scored the lone goal of the quarter-final match against Zenit Saint Petersburg, before scoring the winner in the semi-final against Volga Nizhny Novgorod, sending his team to the final. Both goals came in the same manner – from penalty kicks in the 73rd minute. In the final, Misimović played for 82 minutes, but Dynamo was defeated 1–0 by Rubin Kazan.", "On 4 January 2013, Misimović signed a contract for three years with his new club. Between 22 March and 3 April 2013, Misimović played three games on three continents.\nIn March 2015, Misimović announced that he would retire from professional football, aged 32. However, he made his return to Guizhou Renhe in June 2015. He announced his retirement again on 8 January 2017.", "", "Misimović made the FR Yugoslavia under-18 national squad at the 2001 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship in Finland. Playing alongside seventeen-year-old Dejan Milovanović as well as eighteen-year-olds Nenad Milijaš, Danko Lazović, and Aleksandar Luković who would go on to become established players in their own right, nineteen-year-old Misimović scored twice at the tournament: the winning goal in the group stage match versus Ukraine as well as against the host country Finland.\nMisimović later progressed to the FR Yugoslavia under-21 national team, but appeared in only one match as an 85th-minute substitute against France in November 2002. The under-21s head coach Vladimir Petrović Pižon soon dropped Misimović, reportedly telling the young player he was \"overweight and slow\".", "By late 2003 and early 2004, twenty-one-year-old Misimović still hadn't made an appearance in any national team's full squad. Approached in the Bayern Munich gym by club teammate Hasan Salihamidžić about playing for Bosnia and Herzegovina national team, Misimović was reportedly receptive to the idea immediately. After being put in touch with the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina (N/FSBiH) officials Ahmet Pašalić and Munib Ušanović, the young creative midfielder's attachment to the team was agreed. \nHe debuted for Bosnia under head coach Blaž Slišković on 18 February 2004 in a friendly match against Macedonia in Skopje. About a month later, in another friendly, versus Luxembourg in late March 2004, he netted his first goal.", "From fall 2004, VfL Bochum midfielder Misimović was used sparingly by Slišković during the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign that saw Bosnia take on Spain, Serbia and Montenegro, Belgium, Lithuania, and San Marino. He played the full 90 minutes in the opening home draws against Spain and Serbia and Montenegro, followed by a substitute appearance in the away loss to Belgium. \nMisimović then enjoyed a spell as a consistent starter before being subbed off 10–20 minutes into the second half: in the 1–1 home draw with Lithuania (scored the opening goal), the away win at San Marino, and finally the 1–1 draw against Spain in Valencia (again scored the opening goal before Spain tied deep into injury-time in the 96th minute). \nFor the deciding four qualifiers during late summer and early fall 2005 (home win against Belgium, the away win at Lithuania, home victory over San Marino, and the away defeat to Serbia and Montenegro), Slišković dropped Misimović (still playing his club football with Bochum but in 2. Bundesliga) to the bench, bringing him into action only in the final 15–20 minutes of each tie.", "UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying began in fall 2006 with Slišković still team manager and 24-year-old Misimović an established starter and goalscorer. The opening match dismantling of Malta was followed by the shocking 1–3 defeat to Hungary at home that prompted Slišković's resignation, which the coach retracted a couple of weeks later and stayed on. Still, more disappointment was to follow with a 2–2 draw at lowly Moldova, as Misimović sparked a comeback that ultimately fell short by scoring a goal at 2–0 down. Four days later, Bosnia were heavily defeated 0–4 by Greece at home, forcing Slišković to resign for the second time in three months – this time for good.\nAs the winter break in qualifying commenced, the Bosnian team was in crisis mode with relations inside the organization strained to the maximum. This led to thirteen Bosnian national team players (Misimović, Džemal Berberović, Vladan Grujić, Mladen Bartolović, Mirko Hrgović, Zlatan Bajramović, Saša Papac, Emir Spahić, Ninoslav Milenković, Ivica Grlić, Mirsad Bešlija, Kenan Hasagić and Almir Tolja) releasing what was reported as a \"signed joint statement in protest\". Published in the Dnevni Avaz daily in late October 2006 as a press release, the statement announces the players' intention to boycott national team matches until four N/FSBiH officials—Milan Jelić, Iljo Dominković, Sulejman Čolaković, and Ahmet Pašalić—resigned their respective posts. \nSome two months later, in late December 2006, new head coach Fuad Muzurović was announced. In relation to the boycott statement, Misimović soon did a complete turnaround, denying that he ever signed any such paper and stating that his relations with the N/FSBiH had always been amicable.\nUnder new head coach Muzurović, Misimović truly came into his own, earning the national team captaincy.", "After Meho Kodro replaced Muzurović as head coach in early January 2008, one of the changes he introduced was stripping Misimović of the captain's armband and handing it to twenty-seven-year-old defender Emir Spahić who had just returned to the national team having boycotted it since the infamous fall 2006 protest letter. \nOn 8 April 2008, a few months into Kodro's tenure, still twenty-five-year-old Misimović announced his retirement from the national team, citing stating \"health concerns\" as he no longer felt able to \"keep up the physical rigours of playing for both club and country\". However, many immediately began speculating that health had little to do with Misimović's sudden announcement. These suspicions were seemingly confirmed two days later by Bosnian national team general manager Elvir Bolić who hinted that Misimović might have softened his original stance and revealed that head coach Meho Kodro would travel to Germany to visit the player personally and discuss the \"real reasons\" for his decision. On 12 April 2008, after speaking to Kodro, Misimović changed his mind and the N/FSBiH announced that the player had decided to continue his international career.", "Under the next head coach Ćiro Blažević during 2010 World Cup qualification process, Misimović asserted himself as the team's undisputed leader on the pitch, displaying great playmaking abilities and leadership qualities. His fine performances began with a hat-trick in a 7–0 victory over Estonia on 10 September 2008. Bosnia finished the group in second place thus qualifying for the playoffs against Portugal in November 2009.\nHowever, the qualifying campaign ended on a sour note both for Misimović personally and for the team. Misimović had a poor outing in the first leg away in Lisbon and was widely criticized for his sub-par performance, even by head coach Blažević who publicly blasted the midfield creator for lack of contribution. The coach especially scolded him for two instances of losing possession in the middle of the pitch that resulted in respective Elvir Rahimić and Emir Spahić defensive tackles in order to prevent a Portuguese counterattack, both of which led to yellow cards that meant an automatic one-match suspension for each player for the return leg. Two days after the first leg (and two days before the 18 November 2009 return leg in Zenica), Misimović was ruled out by medical staff due to a knee injury he had apparently picked up during the first leg.\nControversy arose three days later on 21 November 2009 when he played the full 90 minutes for VfL Wolfsburg in the Bundesliga versus Nürnberg, leading to veiled accusations in the Bosnian media that he faked the injury to get back at Blažević. Head coach Blažević went further, directly accusing Misimović of sabotaging him. Blažević even went as far as alluding to Misimović's Serb ethnicity; suggesting a conspiracy \"on instructions from the Republika Srpska Prime Minister Milorad Dodik and Serbian lobby because Republika Srpska would lose everything if Bosnia qualified for World Cup\". When informed of Blažević's comments, a stunned Misimović responded that he would not play for Bosnia and Herzegovina as long as Blažević remained the head coach, and further accused Blažević of scapegoating him in order to deflect attention from the fact that the team was thoroughly outplayed by Portugal in both matches. Even though he had already stated his intention to leave the post even before Misimović's latest words, Blažević responded by reiterating he would leave because \"Misimović is more important to this team than I am\". The next day, Blažević suddenly announced that he had supposedly resolved his differences with the player after apparently calling to congratulate the birth of his son, but this reconciliation was denied by Misimović two weeks later.\nBlažević even announced his intent to travel to Wolfsburg for the Champions League group stage match between VfL Wolfsburg and Manchester United in order to visit Misimović personally, but ended up not doing so. Within days, Blažević resigned the Bosnia-Herzegovina head coaching post, revealing that he took an offer from China, and in his parting shot once again singled out Misimović as the \"reason why Bosnia did not qualify for the 2010 World Cup\".", "Misimović played his 51st match for the national team against Luxembourg in September 2010, thereby equaling Elvir Bolić's record for most caps for Bosnia. Misimović surpassed Bolić in a match against France in Sarajevo on 7 September, making him the most capped player in the history of the national team with 52 matches played. Bosnia failed to qualify for Euro 2012 after losing a two-legged playoff against Portugal. Misimović scored a goal from a penalty kick in Lisbon.", "Misimović made two assists for Edin Džeko in a victory over Greece in Zenica. Local media compared this situation to the way they played together in VfL Wolfsburg. His penalty kick against Greece was saved by goalkeeper Orestis Karnezis, but teammate Vedad Ibišević managed to convert the rebound for a score of 3–0 (final score was 3–1 in stoppage time). Bosnia went on to qualify for the first finals tournament as an independent nation after topping their group on goal difference, and head-to-head.\nMisimović and Bosnia faced Argentina in the first match of the world cup. Almost three minutes into the game, a free kick from Lionel Messi flicked on by Marcos Rojo, was deflected into the net for an own goal by Sead Kolašinac. It was the fastest own goal in the history of the World Cup. In the next half, Messi scored from the edge of the penalty area, tucking the ball into the bottom-right corner. Misimović was substituted 11 minutes later. With five minutes of the match remaining, Ibišević scored after a pass from Senad Lulić, which was Bosnia's first ever World Cup-goal. The match ended 2–1.\nIn the next deciding match, against Nigeria, Misimović played the on the pitch for the entire match. A goal from Džeko was controversially deemed offside, as replays seemed to show that his goal should have stood. Instead, Nigeria took the lead in the 29th minute with a goal from Peter Odemwingie. Bosnia pushed on for the equalizer, and a shot from Džeko was deflected onto the post by Nigerian goalkeeper Vincent Enyeama in stoppage time. Nigeria won the match, which effectively eliminated Bosnia from the tournament with a match to spare. Misimović was dropped for the last match against Iran, and Bosnia went on to earn their first ever win in a World Cup tournament.\nIn August 2014, following his first and only World Cup, Misimović announced his retirement from international football. On 28 May 2018, he and teammates Vedad Ibišević and Emir Spahić played their farewell match for Bosnia and Herzegovina, a friendly against Montenegro which ended in a 0–0 draw; this was also Misimović's final display in the professional game.", "Misimović is an ethnic Serb, and an Orthodox Christian. His nicknames are Miske, and Zwetschge (\"plum\"). His favourite team is Red Star Belgrade, a team which he has said he would love to retire in.\nMisimović's wife, Štefanija, is from Strumica, North Macedonia. The couple have three sons together: Luka (born 2004), Niko (born 2009) and Noel (born 2013).", "", "All appearance(s) in UEFA Cup\nAppearance in DFL-Ligapokal\nSix appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, six appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League\nAll appearance(s) in UEFA Europa League\nAll appearance(s) in AFC Champions League", "", "Misimović has scored 25 goals as of last international match day. On the Bosnian and Herzegovinian football association page it says 26 goals which is incorrect. For the game Bosnia vs Turkey during qualifiers for UEFA EURO 2008, the website shows (see ref link at date 2 June 2007) that Misimović scored a goal, but in fact it was his teammate Muslimović who scored, as Misimović was not a scorer in that game. He has also played one extra game due to a duplication error on the website of the same match. In addition, Misimović did not score a goal against Lithuania on 30 March 2005, rather it was his teammate Elvir Bolić with shirt number 7. This note should remain active until Nogometni/Fudbalski Savez Bosne i Hercegovine (Football Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) correct their mistake. \nScores and results list Bosnia and Herzegovina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Misimović goal.", "", "Bayern Munich II\nRegionalliga: 2003–04\nBayern Munich\nBundesliga: 2002–03\nVfL Bochum\n2. Bundesliga: 2005–06\nVfL Wolfsburg\nBundesliga: 2008–09\nGuizhou Renhe\nChinese FA Cup: 2013\nChinese Super Cup: 2014", "Awards\nBosnian Footballer of the Year: 2007, 2013\nVereinigung der Vertragsfussballspieler best XI: 2008–09\nBosnian Sportsman of the Year: 2013\nPerformance\nRegionalliga top goalscorer: 2003–04 (21 goals)\nBundesliga top assist provider: 2008–09 (20 assists)", "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: List of players: Bosnia and Herzegovina\" (PDF). FIFA. 14 July 2014. p. 5. Retrieved 13 May 2019.\n\"zvijézda\". Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian). Retrieved 17 March 2018. Zvjèzdan\n\"Zvanično: Zvjezdan Misimović novi igrač Guizhou Renhea\" (in Bosnian). reprezentacija.ba. Retrieved 4 January 2013.\n\"Misimović: Nismo se uspjeli nametnuti\". scsport.ba. 8 September 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.\n\"Regionalliga Süd (1994-2012) 2003/2004 » Torschützenliste\" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"Bayern München II 5:1 SC Pfullendorf\" (in German). Weltfussball.de. 2 November 2003. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"Regionalliga Süd (1994-2012) 2003/2004 » 34. Spieltag\" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"Micoud zerstört Bayerns Serie\" [Micoud destroys Bayern's series] (in German). Kicker.de. 12 April 2003. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Bayern Munchen 0:1 SV Werder Bremen\" (in German). Deutscher Fussball-Bund. 12 April 2003. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Misimović to make for Nürnberg\". UEFA.com. 29 January 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"\"Zwetschge\" ist Cluberer der Hinrunde\" (in German). 1. FC Nürnberg. 2 January 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Nürnberg vs. Karlsruher SC 0 – 2\". Soccerway. 12 August 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Nürnberg vs. Hannover 96 2 – 2\". Soccerway. 15 September 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"\"Hab mich tierisch gefreut\"\" [I was so happy] (in German). 1. FC Nürnberg. 12 January 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Nürnberg to miss Misimović\". UEFA.com. 10 February 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"Benfica 1–0 Nürnberg\". UEFA.com. 14 February 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"Nürnberg 2–2 Benfica\". UEFA.com. 21 February 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"Riether: Keine Angst vor Zaccardo\" [Riether: Do not be afraid of Zaccardo] (in German). Kicker.de. 2 June 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Wolfsburg vs. Köln 2 – 1\". Soccerway. 16 August 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Wolfsburg vs. Arminia Bielefeld 4 – 1\". Soccerway. 18 October 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"1. Bundesliga 2008/09, Stats&Table der 34.Spieltag\". kicker.de. Retrieved 11 December 2016.\n\"Wolfsburg hunt down first Bundesliga title\". The Guardian. 23 May 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Bundesliga Scorer 2008/09\" (in German). Kicker.de. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"De Bruyne breaks Bundesliga assist record\". Varzesh11.com. 16 May 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Wolfsburg 1–3 Paris\". UEFA.com. Retrieved 8 July 2019.\n\"Wolfsburg hand Misimović new deal\". UEFA.com. 4 August 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Grafite guns down CSKA\". Sky Sports. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\nNick Amies. \"Wolfsburg: where did it all go wrong for the 2009 champions?\". DW.com. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Wolves blow Besiktas away\". Sky Sports. 3 November 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"uefa.com Team of the Year 2009 open for voting\". UEFA.com. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Rubin Kazan 1–1 Wolfsburg\". UEFA.com. 11 March 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Bundesliga Scorer 2009/10\" (in German). Kicker.de. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\nClark Whitney (19 July 2010). \"Zvjezdan Misimovic Reiterates Intent To Leave Wolfsburg - Report\". Goal.com. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Bayern Munich vs. Wolfsburg 2 – 1\". Soccerway. 20 August 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Misimovic leaves Wolfsburg\". Eurosport.com. Reuters. 31 August 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Misimović Joins Galatasaray\". Galatasaray.org. 31 August 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Galatasaray vs. Gaziantepspor 1 – 0\". Soccerway. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\nStefan Coerts (19 November 2010). \"Galatasaray Demote Zvjezdan Misimovic To Reserves\". Goal.com. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\nAndrew McLean (4 March 2011). \"Official: Zvjezdan Misimovic Leaves Galatasaray To Join Dynamo Moscow\". Goal.com. Retrieved 13 July 2019.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimović potpisao za moskovski Dinamo\" (in Bosnian). sarajevo-x.com. Retrieved 4 March 2011.\n\"Misimović potpisao za Moskovski Dinamo\" (in Bosnian). sportsport.ba. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2011.\n\"Misimović: Hagi je lažov\" (in Bosnian). sportsport.ba. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2011.\n\"Lokomotiv Moskva vs. Dinamo Moskva 3 – 2\". Soccerway. 12 March 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2019.\n\"Dinamo Moskva vs. Rostov 3 – 1\". Soccerway. 19 March 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2019.\n\"Zenit vs. Lokomotiv Moskva 0 – 1\". Soccerway. 21 March 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2019.\n\"Dinamo Moskva vs. Volga 2 – 1\". Soccerway. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2019.\n\"Dinamo u finalu Kupa, Misimović opet strijelac\" (in Bosnian). sportsport.ba. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2012.\n\"Dinamo Moskva vs. Rubin Kazan 0 – 1\". Soccerway. 9 May 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2019.\n\"Misimović se u deset dana borio na tri kontinenta\". sportsport.ba. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.\n\"Bosanci i Hercegovci podržali Misimovića i Muslimovića\". sportsport.ba. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.\n\"Misimovic talks up A-League\". theworldgame.sbs.com.au. 4 April 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.\n\"米西回归身披9号战袍 直言重回贵州倍感温暖\". sports.sina.com.cn. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.\n\"Kraj divne bajke: Zvjezdan Misimović završio karijeru!\". sportsport.ba (in Bosnian). 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.\n\"Mešano \"meso\"\". Kurir (in Serbian). 7 October 2004. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Oteran iz Srbije, u Bundesligi postao zvezda\" (in Serbian). novine.ca. 25 April 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Wolfsburg and Bosnia's dynamic duo get chance to make history of their own\". Jonathan Wilson's blog @ guardian.co.uk. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimović – mozak Ćirine ekspedicije\". sarajevo-x.com. 11 July 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Reprezentativci BiH neće igrati dok ne odu Jelić, Dominković, Čolaković i Pašalić\". sarajevo-x.com. 31 October 2006. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Misimović od ljeta četiri godine u Nirnbergu\". Nezavisne novine. 29 January 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimović napušta reprezentaciju BiH\". BHRT. 8 April 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Bolić: Misimović malo smekšao stav\". sportsport.ba. 10 April 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Misimović se predomislio i igraće za BiH!\". sportsport.ba. 12 April 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimović ipak ostaje u reprezentaciji\". BHRT. 12 April 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\nIsanović, Edin (21 November 2009). \"I pored tvrdnji da je povrijeđen: Misimović odigrao cijelu utakmicu za Wolfsburg!\". sarajevo-x.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Peh za pehom – Misimović definitivno ne igra u Zenici\". sarajevo-x.com. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Ćiro odlazi: Gotovo je, idem u penziju!\". net.hr. 25 November 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\nŽidak, Tomislav (23 November 2009). \"Ćiro: Oprostit ću krađu i prevaru, ne i izdaju!\". Jutarnji list. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\nBohoric, Jure (25 November 2009). \"Misimovic quits Bosnia\". SkySports.com. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\nBasara, Slavko (24 November 2009). \"Zvjezdan Misimović: Završio sam s Ćirom\". Glas Srpske. Archived from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\nSlišković, Hrvoje (25 November 2009). \"Ćiro: Misimović je važniji od mene, odlazim!\". Jutarnji list. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Sve riješeno, Ćiro ostaje, Miske se vraća\". sportsport.ba. 26 November 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Miske: Ne mijenjam mišljenje svakih 5 minuta\". sportsport.ba. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Ćiro: Misimović je kriv što Bosna ne ide na SP!\". Jutarnji list. 13 December 2009. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Prve utakmice bh. reprezentacije\". sarajevo-x.com. 31 May 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2011.\n\"Misimović za Klix.ba: Donio sam tešku odluku, odlazim iz reprezentacije\" (in Bosnian). klix.ba. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.\n\"Official Farewell of Three Players from the National Football Team of BiH\". sarajevotimes.com. 29 May 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2021.\n\"Misimović: Zvezda za kraj!\" (in Serbian). rts.rs. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2014.\nTaylor, James (November 2010). \"War by other means\". wsc.co.uk. Retrieved 21 June 2014.\nNiksic, Slaven (10 March 2014). \"World Cup 2014: Zvjezdan Misimovic, the last Bosnian football romantic\". Telegraph. Retrieved 21 June 2014.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimović dobio trećeg sina\". Dnevni Avaz. 23 September 2013.\n\"Misimović, Zvjezdan\". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 31 August 2010.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimovic\". Fußballdaten.de. 2 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimović\". Eu-football.info. Retrieved 15 October 2018.\n\"nfsbih list of top scorers\" (in Bosnian). nfsbih.net. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimović\" (in Bosnian). nfsbih.net. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2011.\nAlicBA (26 June 2011). \"Bosnia 3 – 2 Turkey (Euro 2008 Qualifier)\".\n\"Elvir Bolić number 7 scores vs Lithuania in 2005, not Misimović\". YouTube. Retrieved 12 September 2012.\n\"Zvjezdan Misimović\". Soccerway. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"足协杯-人和总分3-2恒大队史首夺冠 恒大三冠梦碎\". Sports.sina.com.cn. 7 December 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2019.\n\"Player of the year » Bosnia-Herzegovina\". Worldfootball.info. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\n\"Bosnian footballer Misimovic voted best sportsman in Bosnia\". Anadolu Agency. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2019.", "Zvjezdan Misimović at Soccerway \nZvjezdan Misimović at National-Football-Teams.com \nZvjezdan Misimović at fussballdaten.de (in German)" ]

[ "Zvjezdan Misimović", "Early life", "Club career", "Early career", "VfL Wolfsburg", "Galatasaray", "Dynamo Moscow", "Guizhou Renhe", "International career", "Youth", "Senior", "2006 World Cup qualification", "Euro 2008 qualifying", "Six months under Meho Kodro and four-day national team retirement", "2010 World Cup qualification", "Euro 2012 qualifying", "2014 World Cup", "Personal life", "Career statistics", "Club", "International", "International goals", "Honours", "Player", "Individual", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360604, 5360605 ]

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[ "Church of the Immaculate Conception", "", "" ]

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[ "Zvole is a municipality and village in Šumperk District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.\nZvole lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Šumperk, 37 km (23 mi) north-west of Olomouc, and 181 km (112 mi) east of Prague.", "František Hoplíček (1890–1946), painter and athlete", "\"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021\". Czech Statistical Office. 2021-04-30." ]

[ "Zvole (Šumperk District)", "Notable people", "References" ]

[ 5360606, 5360607 ]

[ 27240926 ]

[ "Church of Saint Wenceslaus", "", "" ]

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[ "Zvole is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.\nZvole lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 44 kilometres (27 mi) east of Jihlava, and 142 kilometres (88 mi) south-east of Prague.", "Villages of Branišov and Olešínky are administrative parts of Zvole.", "\"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022\". Czech Statistical Office. 2022-04-29." ]

[ "Zvole (Žďár nad Sázavou District)", "Administrative parts", "References" ]

[ 5360608, 5360609, 5360610 ]

[ 27240927 ]

[ "Church of Saint Margaret", "", "", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Zvole_-_kostel_svat%C3%A9_Mark%C3%A9ty.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Zvole_%28okres_Praha-z%C3%A1pad%29_vlajka.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Zvole_%28okres_Praha-z%C3%A1pad%29_znak.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png" ]

[ "Zvole is a municipality and village in Prague-West District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,900 inhabitants.", "The village of Černíky is an administrative part of Zvole.", "\"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022\". Czech Statistical Office. 2022-04-29." ]

[ "Zvole (Prague-West District)", "Administrative parts", "References" ]

[ 5360611, 5360612, 5360613 ]

[ 27240928 ]

[ "View of the city Zvolen", "", "Zvolen Castle", "", "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Zvolen_centrum_z_neba.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Bansk%C3%A1_Bystrica_Region_-_physical_map.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Zvolen_hrad.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Zvolen%2C_z%C3%A1mok%2C_sedile.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Pancierovy_vlak-Zvolen.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Zvolen_city_centre.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Zvolen%2C_evanjel%C3%ADcky_kostol.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Zvolen1596.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Rivero_Slatina_en_Zvolen2.JPG" ]

[ "Zvolen ([ˈzʋɔlen] (listen); Hungarian: Zólyom; German: Altsohl) is a town in central Slovakia, situated on the confluence of Hron and Slatina rivers, close to Banská Bystrica. It is surrounded by Poľana mountain from the East, by Kremnické vrchy from the West and by Javorie and Štiavnické vrchy from the South.\nZvolen is a seat of a county (Zvolen District). It is also an important transportation hub in Slovakia.", "The name is of Slovak (Slavic) origin meaning \"the chosen one, splendid, excellent\". The Hungarian Zólyom and the German Sohl were derived from the Latinized form Zolium (earliest mention 1135). An adjective \"Old\" (German: Altsohl, Slovak: Starý Zvolen, Latin: Antiquum or Vetus Solium) distinguish Zvolen from Banská Bystrica (German: Sohl, Neusohl).", "Zvolen has been inhabited since the Paleolithic. In the ninth century, a Slavic settlement (today the Môťová neighborhood) became a regional center of what is now central Slovakia. Zvolen remained the capital of Zólyom County until the 1760s. In the 11th and 12th centuries, one of the largest medieval castles in Europe, Pustý hrad, was constructed. The town, originally built under the castle, lay on an important trade route (Via Magna) from Buda to Kraków. Zvolen was granted town privileges by King Béla IV in the 1230s - as one of the first towns in the Kingdom of Hungary. The privileges were confirmed on 28 December 1243, after the original document was destroyed in war. Later, King Louis I the Great built a new castle, which became a popular hunting resort of the Hungarian kings. The future queen regnant Mary of Hungary and emperor Sigismund celebrated their wedding there in 1385.\nIn the Rákóczi's War of Independence the Kuruc army in the battle of Zvolen defeated the enemy forces from Austria, Denmark, Vojvodina and Hungary.\nIn 1848–49, Ľudovít Štúr was a member of the Diet, with Zvolen as his constituency. In 1871–1872, two new railways were built and Zvolen became an important railroad hub and important industrial center. Zvolen played an important role during the Slovak National Uprising. Two of its armored trains, which were made in the local railway manufactory, Hurban and Štefánik can be seen near the Zvolen castle.\nZvolen is an important railroad, an important road hub and has a large timber factory and a technical university, the Technická univerzita vo Zvolene. An airport in nearby Sliač offers direct flights to Prague. The town square was modernized in 2002 and local businesses are popular with tourists. In wintertime an ice rink is constructed in the center and festive celebrations run throughout December.", "Zvolen has a population of 43,147 (as of 31 December 2005). According to the 2001 census, 95.9% of inhabitants were Slovaks and 1.2% Czechs. The religious make-up was 52.5% Roman Catholics, 26.4% people with no religious affiliation, and 15% Lutherans.", "The local ice hockey team HKm Zvolen plays in the Slovak Extraliga.", "Bálint Balassi, poet and nobleman\nKarol Beck, tennis player\nJozef Cíger-Hronský, writer\nJán Lašák, ice hockey player\nVladimír Maňka, politician\nVladimír Mečiar, politician\nFrantišek Velecký, actor\nĽudovít Štúr, politician, linguist, writer", "Zvolen is a member of the Douzelage, a town twinning association of towns across the European Union. This active town twinning began in 1991 and there are regular events, such as a produce market from each of the other countries and festivals. As of 2019, its members are:\n Agros, Cyprus\n Altea, Spain\n Asikkala, Finland\n Bad Kötzting, Germany\n Bellagio, Italy\n Bundoran, Ireland\n Chojna, Poland\n Granville, France\n Holstebro, Denmark\n Houffalize, Belgium\n Judenburg, Austria\n Kőszeg, Hungary\n Marsaskala, Malta\n Meerssen, Netherlands\n Niederanven, Luxembourg\n Oxelösund, Sweden\n Preveza, Greece\n Rokiškis, Lithuania\n Rovinj, Croatia\n Sesimbra, Portugal\n Sherborne, England, United Kingdom\n Sigulda, Latvia\n Siret, Romania\n Škofja Loka, Slovenia\n Sušice, Czech Republic\n Tryavna, Bulgaria\n Türi, Estonia\nOther twinnings\n Imatra, Finland\n Zwoleń, Poland\n Prachatice, Czech Republic\n Tótkomlós, Hungary\n Rivne, Ukraine", "", "\"Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne)\". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.\n\"Hustota obyvateľstva - obce [om7014rr_ukaz: Rozloha (Štvorcový meter)]\". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.\n\"Základná charakteristika\". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2022-03-31.\n\"Hustota obyvateľstva - obce\". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.\nŠtefánik, Martin; Lukačka, Ján, eds. (2010). Lexikón stredovekých miest na Slovensku [Lexicon of Medieval Towns in Slovakia] (PDF) (in Slovak). Bratislava: Historický ústav SAV. p. 564. ISBN 978-80-89396-11-5.\n\"Municipal Statistics\". Statistical Office of the Slovak republic. Archived from the original on 2007-04-27. Retrieved 2007-05-03.\n\"Member towns\". Douzelage. Retrieved 2019-08-20.\n\"Partnerské mestá\" (in Slovak). Zvolen. Retrieved 2019-09-01.", "Official municipal website of Zvolen\nTechnical University in Zvolen" ]

[ "Zvolen", "Etymology", "History", "Demographics", "Sport", "Notable people", "Twin towns — sister cities", "Gallery", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360614, 5360615, 5360616, 5360617, 5360618, 5360619, 5360620 ]

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[ "Municipal office", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

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[ "Zvoleněves is a municipality and village in Kladno District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.", "\"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022\". Czech Statistical Office. 2022-04-29." ]

[ "Zvoleněves", "References" ]

[ 5360621, 5360622, 5360623, 5360624 ]

[ 27240940 ]

[ "Panorama of the railway West from Šahy", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Ipolys%C3%A1g007.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Ipolyb%C3%A9l18.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ipolyszak%C3%A1llos22.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Ipolys%C3%A1g008.JPG" ]

[ "Zvolen–Karpina–Šahy–Čata railway is a railway line in Slovakia.", "Railway between Csata and Balassagyarmat was built in 1891 by a former subsidiary of MÁV, called Garam–Ipolyvölgyi MÁV-HÉV. It reached Ipeľ at Homok (today part of Šahy). There was built a new branch line in 1898-199 between Ipolyság and Korpona. As the newly founded Czechoslovakia needed the railway line, the border with Hungary was moved to the left bank of Ipel instead of the Ipel at all.\nCzechoslovakia extended the branch line in 1923-1925 up to Zvolen. There are tunnels as well in the new part of the line.\nBecause of defending reasons part in Hungary was demolished in 1963. It was a 6.3 km long part between Drégelypalánk and the border.\nSince 2003 there is passenger transport between Šahy and Čata.", "", "Hillier Domonkos. \"Az Ipoly mente infrastrukturális változásai a topográfiai térképek tükrében\" (PDF).", "A vasútvonal adatai – Vlaky.net (in Slovak)\nAz állomások képei – Vasútállomások.hu\nAlagutak a vonalon (in Slovak)" ]

[ "Zvolen–Čata railway", "History", "Images", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360625, 5360626 ]

[ 27240941, 27240942 ]

[ "Zvolen castle", "Zvolen Castle was strongly inspired by Italian castles of the fourteenth century", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Zvolen_hrad.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Zolyomcivertanlegi1.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Bratislava%2C_Hrad%2C_Slovensko.jpg" ]

[ "Zvolen Castle (Slovak: Zvolenský zámok or incorrectly Zvolenský hrad, Hungarian: zólyomi vár) is a medieval castle located on a hill near the center of Zvolen, in central Slovakia.\nThe original seat of the region was above the confluence of Slatina and Hron rivers on a steep cliff in a castle from the 12th century, known today as Pustý hrad (meaning \"Deserted castle\"). Its difficult access had consequence in relocation of the seat to the new-built Zvolen castle, which was ordered by Louis I the Great as a hunting residence of Hungarian kings. The future queen regnant Mary of Hungary and emperor Sigismund celebrated their wedding there in 1385.\nGothic architecture of the castle built between 1360 and 1382 was inspired by Italian castles of the fourteenth century. Italian masons also contributed to a Renaissance reconstruction in 1548. The last major reconstruction occurred in 1784, when the chapel was rebuilt into the Baroque style.\nZvolen Castle hosts a regional branch of the Slovak National Gallery with an exposition of old European masters, including works by P. P. Rubens, Paolo Veronese, and William Hogarth. There is also a popular tea room located in the castle.", "Zvolen castle was built by Louis I of Hungary, who built it like a gothic hunting castle. It was finished in 1382, when it was witness to an engagement of his daughter Mary and Sigismund. John Jiskra of Brandýs, who became one of the most powerful commanders in Hungary and this castle was one of his manors from 1440 to 1462. The castle was also often visited by king Matthias Corvinus with his wife Beatrice, who used this castle as a manor from 1490.\nAbout 1500 the external fortifications were built up with four round bastions and entrance gate. In the middle of the 16th century was built another floor with embrasures and corner oriel towers. About 1590 an artillery bastion was built also.\nThe castle was rebuilt many times, but it retains its Renaissance look. The castle was nominated as a National culture monument for its historic, art and architecture values and it was reconstructed in the 1960s. The Slovak National Gallery has a seat in this castle now, where it presents its expositions.", "Every year The Zvolen Castle Plays are introduced to huge numbers of visitors. Here you can see actors and theatres from Slovakia, but also from other countries.\nThe castle also offers a rental of its King hall, Column hall and Knightly hall, which is useful for organizing concerts, receptions, wedding ceremonies, etc. \nNow you can also see a computer model of this castle, which was made as an academic project.", "Pustý hrad and the Zvolen castle on the municipal site" ]

[ "Zvolen Castle", "History", "Present", "External links" ]

[ 5360627, 5360628 ]

[ 27240943, 27240944, 27240945, 27240946 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Zvolen%2C_Slovakia_-_panoramio_-_Buda_Pavel_%282%29.jpg" ]

[ "Zimný štadión Zvolen is an arena in Zvolen, Slovakia. It is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena of HKm Zvolen. It has a capacity of 5,675 people and was built in 1969.", "An overview of some sport events:\n1977\n1977 IIHF World Under-20 Championship\n1999\n1999 ISBHF Ball Hockey World Championship\n2008\n2008 ISBHF U18 Junior World Championship\n2008 ISBHF U16 Junior World Championship", "Dimensions of the rink of the main area: 28.1 x 58.1 m\nDimensions of the rink of the training area: 30 x 60 m\nStadium capacity: 5,675 seats\nof which seating: 2,825 (including VIP box and SKY boxes)\nof which standing: 2,600\nVIP box: 194\nSKY boxes: 56 (7 x 8 places)" ]

[ "Zvolen Ice Stadium", "Notable events", "Technical specifications" ]

[ 5360629 ]

[ 27240947 ]

[ "The station main hall, 2022", "Old main railway station (today serves for freight trains, 1915)", "Reconstruction of the 2nd platform", "View of the main building from the 2nd platform", "View from Pusty Hrad", "", "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18 ]

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[ "Zvolen passenger railway station (Slovak: Zvolen osobná stanica, abbreviated Zvolen os.st.; Hungary: Zólyom-személyi pályaudvar; Czech: Zvolen osobní nádraží; Polish: Główna stacja kolejowa w Zwoleniu) is the main passenger station serving the city of Zvolen, Zvolen District, located in Banská Bystrica Region, central Slovakia\nand an important railway junction in Slovakia.", "The station is named osobná stanica (passenger station) to differentiate it from Zvolen nákladná stanica, a large freight terminal a short distance east, which is also served by some local stopping trains.\nZvolen osobná stanica was previously called \"Zvolen Hrad station\" (prior to 1959) and \"Zvolen osobné nádraží\" (between 1959 - 1972).", "Zvolen osobná railway station is located southwest from the city centre on the northern bank of the Slatina river and is accessible from T. G. Masaryka street. \nThere is a bus station across the street, offering access to MHD (city) transport and national transport.", "Zvolen railway station currently serves as the main railway point to connect the southern route (Bratislava and Košice), but also as a regional point in various directions, such as Šahy, Levice, Banská Bystrica or Vrútky. Trains of all national categories (Os, R, RR, REX) stop at the station. For most national train lines, the station is the terminating or departing station. The REX category has been operating specifically between Zvolen and Banská Bystrica since 2022 to speed up transport between the two cities.\nThe main station is divided into passenger and cargo parts. There is a mailing station right next to the Zvolen osobná railway station, which is connected to train rails as well.", "There are also two smaller stations in Zvolen:\nZvolen mesto (direction to Banská Bystrica), north of Zvolen osobná railway station, closer to the town centre\nZvolen nákladná stanica (direction to Košice), east of Zvolen osobná railway station, serves primarily for freight trains", "The Zvolen railway junction also includes railway workshops, which today function as an independent production and repair company of ŽOS Zvolen rail vehicles.", "The replica armored train Hurban is displayed close to the station which was an armored train used during World War II, during the Slovak National uprising.", "There are 4 platforms (+ 1a) in the station. Platforms 1 and 1a are accessible from the main station building and from both underpasses, platforms 2–4 are \"island\" based and are accessible via both underpasses.\nEach platform has 1 lift, serving primarily for wheelchair access.\nPlatform 1a elongates the first platform, which serves for longer trains (usually of categories R or RR).", "", "At the beginning of the 1860s, coal consumption in Hungary began to grow significantly. In May 1861, the St. Stephen's Coal Mining Company was established, which sought to exploit the coal reserves of the Salgotarjan Coalfield. To ensure the transport of the coal extracted from this district, the General Assembly of this company in 1861 decided to build the railway Lučenec – Fiľakovo – Salgótarián – Pázstó – Hatvan – Aszód – Isaszeg – Pest and applied for a concession for this railway. On January 19, 1863, the newly established The Pest-Lučenec-Banská Bystrica Railway and Satoštofan Coal Mining Company was granted a concession, which obliged the association to build a railway in the Pest – Lučenec section until 1866 and to continue the line in the Lučenec – Banská Bystrica section until 1870.", "Because the private company had problems raising capital and financing the construction, in 1868 the company was bought by the state and the line was renamed the Hungarian Northern Railway and the construction of the railway in today's Slovakia was intensified. At the same time, it was decided to build a connection between this line and the Košice-Bohumín railway under construction on the Zvolen – Hronská Dúbrava – Kremnica – Vrútky route. The section Salgótarián – Fiľakovo – Lučenec was put into operation on May 4, 1871, Zvolen was put into operation a month later – June 18, 1871, when the section Lučenec – Zvolen was put into operation. An important traffic junction was destined for the construction of a railway depot, which provided the background for technology. Zvolen became an important railway hub and important industrial centre.", "The current passenger station began construction in 1952 [1] on the site of the original Zvolen – Hrad stop. Work on the new passenger station was completed in 1963, and was put into operation during construction (1959), which significantly relieved the original main railway station in Zvolen, which began to serve primarily for the needs of rail freight, which was also adapted its name on Zvolen – freight station.", "Reconstruction of the station building to its current form began in 2019 and was completed in 2022. Reconstruction of the station included the modernization of the main passenger railway station in Zvolen, which includes the installation of a camera system and new elevators on each of the platforms, which should ensure barrier-free transfer for immobile passengers throughout the railway station. The reconstruction also included the redesign of the platforms themselves. There was also an reseeding of tracks near the station. The existing Internet connection was also modified, the HaVIS information equipment (voice and visual train information) was expanded and reloaded, and a new electronic security system and electric fire alarm system were built.\nAt the same time, the city of Zvolen reconstructed the area and park located in front of the passenger station itself from 2020 to 2022, which changed the dispositional connection of the pedestrian infrastructure to the main bus station, but also the platform of public transport. New parking spaces for motor vehicles have also been added, as well as bicycle stands for passengers and visitors to the city. The mineral spring near the station was also reconstructed (by draining mineral waters).\nSince 2022, a new modern technical and hygienic train maintenance center has been under construction, which is also to be established in Nové Zámky, Košice and Humenné. It is located near the building of the Main Passenger Railway Station in Zvolen.", "The station is owned by Železnice Slovenskej republiky (ŽSR); passenger train services are operated by Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko (ZSSK).\nTicket sales (national and international)\nCustomer Center\nLuggage storage\nBuffet\nNewsstand\nBarrier-free access\nTactile paving\nWifi network\nWC\nCycling station", "", "Zvolen bus station (national and international transport)\nMHD bus stops (city transport)\nRail station parking space", "Zvolen Castle (north of the station)\nPustý hrad (forested hill in the southern part of Zvolen)\nArmored train Hurban (in the park next to the station)\nMineral water source (next to the station building)", "Zvolen osobná railway station is a hub for the following Slovakian railway lines:\nŽelezničná trať Zvolen – Nové Zámky (line number 150)\nŽelezničná trať Zvolen – Čata (line number 153)\nŽelezničná trať Zvolen – Košice (line number 160)　\nŽelezničná trať Zvolen – Vrútky (line number 170)　\nŽelezničná trať Zvolen – Diviaky (line number 171)", "", "History of rail transport in Slovakia\nRail transport in Slovakia", "", "Media related to Zvolen train station at Wikimedia Commons (exterior of the station)\n Media related to Zvolen train station, interior at Wikimedia Commons (interior of the station)" ]

[ "Zvolen osobná railway station", "Etymology", "Location", "Present day", "Other stations", "ŽOS Zvolen", "Armored train Hurban", "Platforms", "History", "First rails", "First station", "New station", "Reconstruction", "Services", "Nearby", "Transport", "Sights", "Lines", "Gallery", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360630, 5360631 ]

[ 27240948, 27240949, 27240950, 27240951, 27240952, 27240953, 27240954, 27240955, 27240956, 27240957, 27240958, 27240959, 27240960, 27240961, 27240962, 27240963 ]

[ "Roman Catholic church in Zvolenská Slatina", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/R%C3%ADmsko-katol%C3%ADcky_kostol_-_Zvolensk%C3%A1_Slatina.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Zvolensk%C3%A1_Slatina_-_erb_obce.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Bansk%C3%A1_Bystrica_Region_-_physical_map.png" ]

[ "Zvolenská Slatina (German: Großslatina; Hungarian: Nagyszalatna) is a village and municipality of the Zvolen District in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia.", "In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1263.", "The village lies at an altitude of 340 metres and covers an area of 45.938 km². It has a population of 2,671 people.", "Terézia Vansová, writer\nJán Bahýľ, inventor\nRoland Grapow, musician" ]

[ "Zvolenská Slatina", "History", "Geography", "People" ]

[ 5360632, 5360633, 5360634 ]

[ 27240964 ]

[ "Zvončari at the Rijeka Carnival", "Mask" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Grobni%C4%8Dki_dondola%C5%A1i_%28group%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Zvoncari_viskovo_2008_11.jpg" ]

[ "Zvončari (\"bellmen\") is the characteristic folk custom maintained in the region around Rijeka, Croatia. It was added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.\nThe custom dates to Slavic pagan antiquity and remains typical for this region. The primary task of Zvončari is to scare away evil spirits of winter and to stir up new spring-time cycle. During the Rijeka Carnival, Zvončari march from village to village throughout the region, following the same centuries-old route, making an extraordinary amount of noise, fueled in part by the wine provided by the locals en route.", "The standard Zvončar costume includes white trousers, striped shirt, and a sheepskin throw. In their hands they hold a \"balta\" or \"bačuka\" - a stylized mace, and around the waist one or more big brass bells. The costume varies from village to village; for example, Zvončari of Halubje and Grobnik (Dondolaši) wear special stylized masks representing fantastic animal heads, while Zvončari of Žejane and Brgud wear \"flower hats\". Local legend claims that it was the Zvončari that scared away invading Tatars or Turks during the Ottoman conquest, with shepherds doning masks on their heads, along with belted-on bells, produced a deafening noise that scared the enemy away. From that time on, a mace became part of the standard equipment of Zvončari. \nThe Zvončari participate regularly in the international Rijeka Carnival.", "Busójárás\nKurentovanje\nPre-Christian Alpine traditions\nRijeka carnival", "UNESCO: Annual carnival bell ringers’ pageant from the Kastav area", "Zvončari of Halubje\nDondolaši of Grobnik\nRijeka Carnival" ]

[ "Zvončari", "Description", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360635, 5360636 ]

[ 27240965, 27240966, 27240967 ]

[ "Zvone Černač in 2012" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Zvone_%C4%8Cerna%C4%8D_2012cropped.jpg" ]

[ "Zvone Černač (born 23 October 1962) is a Slovenian politician. As of 13 March 2020, he is Minister without portfolio for Development and European Cohesion Policy in the 14th Government of Slovenia.", "\"Zvone Černač\". Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 5 August 2020.\n\"About the Government\". Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 5 August 2020.\n\"Confirmation of Zvone Černač as Minister without portfolio for Development and European Cohesion Policy\" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 5 August 2020." ]

[ "Zvone Černač", "References" ]

[ 5360637 ]

[ 27240968 ]

[ "", "Zvonimir's blenny", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Parablennius_zvonimiri_08-04-08_DSCF2468.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Parablennius_zvonimiri_DSCF7587.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Meiacanthus_atrodorsalis.jpg" ]

[ "Zvonimir's blenny (Parablennius zvonimiri) is a species of combtooth blenny found in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. This species reaches a length of 7 centimetres (2.8 in) TL. The identity of the person honoured in the specific name is uncertain but is thought to be the Medieval King of Croatia and Dalmatia Demetrius Zvonimir who reigned from 1075 to 1089 probably in allusion to the area where the type was collected.", "Williams, J.T.; Herler, J.; Kovacic, M. (2014). \"Parablennius zvonimiri\". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T154972A49091175. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T154972A49091175.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.\nFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). \"Parablennius zvonimiri\" in FishBase. February 2013 version.\nChristopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (26 October 2018). \"Order BLENNIIFORMES: Family BLENNIIDAE\". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 19 March 2019." ]

[ "Zvonimir's blenny", "References" ]

[ 5360638, 5360639, 5360640 ]

[ 27240969, 27240970 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 5 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Zvonimir_Cervenko.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Seal_of_Armed_Chief_of_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Croatia.png" ]

[ "Zvonimir Červenko (13 November 1926 – 17 February 2001) was a Croatian general and Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Croatia from 1995 to 1996.", "Červenko's grand-grandfather was a Czech with a surname Červenka.", "At the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence, Franjo Tuđman, president of the Republic of Croatia offered him the position of the minister of defence, but Červenko refused saying \"I'm a soldier, not politician\". He organized the defence of Zagreb, the blockade of enemy barracks, and started the process of forming 14 brigades in Zagreb. In January 1992, Červenko became the commander of Croatian Home Guard (Domobranstvo), becoming deputy of chief of the General Staff.\nThe top of his military career came just before the Operation Storm, when he succeeded Janko Bobetko in the position of Chief of the General Staff. He served as Chief of General Staff from 15 July 1995 until 16 November 1996. During his command, the Croatian Army executed the most successful operation of the war, Operation Storm. President Tuđman replaced him in November 1996. He later became a member of the Chamber of Counties of the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) on the electoral list of the Croatian Democratic Union. Beginning in 2000 he served as a member of the Amnesty Commission.", "Červenko died on 17 February 2001 in Zagreb. He was buried in Alley of Croatian Heroes at the Mirogoj Cemetery.", "Grand Order of King Petar Krešimir IV,\nOrder of Duke Domagoj,\nOrder of Ban Jelačić,\nOrder of the Croatian Trefoil,\nOrder of the Croatian Interlace,\nCommemorative Medal of the Homeland War,\nMedal for Participation in Operation \"Flash\"\nMedal for Participation in Operation \"Summer '95\"\nMedal for Participation in Operation \"Storm\"", "\"Vremeplov - Umro general Červenko\". Hrvatski vojnik #175 (in Croatian). February 2008. Retrieved 2011-02-27.\nGeneralova priča : Zvonimir Červenko / Miroslav Mikuljan ; priredio i uredio Mladen Pavković ISBN 953-7103-07-2\n\"Posljednji ispraćaj generala Zvonimira Červenka\" (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. 21 February 2001. Retrieved 25 July 2016.\n\"Odluka kojom se odlikuju redom kneza Domagoja s ogrlicom\" (in Croatian). Narodne novine. 26 May 1995. Retrieved 25 July 2016." ]

[ "Zvonimir Červenko", "Origin", "Croatian War of Independence", "Death", "Decorations", "References" ]

[ 5360641, 5360642 ]

[ 27240971, 27240972, 27240973, 27240974, 27240975 ]

[ "Šarlija with CSKA Moscow in 2019" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Zvonimir_%C5%A0arlija_2019_v_Akhmat.jpg" ]

[ "Zvonimir Šarlija (born 29 August 1996) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Greek Super League club Panathinaikos.", "On 29 June 2019, Slaven Belupo announced that Šarlija had moved to CSKA Moscow, with CSKA confirming the season-long loan deal, with the first option to buy, on 1 July. On 18 January 2020, CSKA Moscow confirmed that their loan deal with Šarlija had ended, and that he'd joined Kasımpaşa on loan for the remainder of the 2019/20 season with Kasımpaşa confining they had an option to make the move permanent at the end of the season.\nOn 31 August 2020, it was announced that Šarlija signed for Turkish club Ankaragücü. The reported fee was €350.000 .\nOn 30 July 2021, he signed a two-year contract with Panathinaikos.", "", "Panathinaikos\nGreek Cup: 2021–22", "\"Zvonimir Sarlija\". Turkish Football Federation. Retrieved 1 December 2020.\n\"Zvonimir Šarlija karijeru nastavlja u ruskom velikanu CSKA\". nk-slaven-belupo.hr/ (in Croatian). NK Slaven Belupo. 29 June 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.\n\"Добро пожаловать в ПФК ЦСКА, Звонимир!\". pfc-cska.com/ (in Russian). PFC CSKA Moscow. 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.\n\"Звонимир Шарлия завершит сезон в Турции\". pfc-cska.com/ (in Russian). PFC CSKA Moscow. 18 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.\n\"Zvonimir Sarlija Kasımpaşamızda\". kasimpasa.com.tr/ (in Turkish). Kasımpaşa S.K. 18 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.\n\"Sarlija preselio u Ankaragucu\". hntv.hr (in Croatian). Hrvatska nogometna televizija. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.\n\"Επίσημο: Στον Παναθηναϊκό με διετές συμβόλαιο ο Ζβόνιμιρ Σάρλια\". www.sport24.gr. 30 July 2021.", "Zvonimir Šarlija at Soccerway" ]

[ "Zvonimir Šarlija", "Career", "Career statistics", "Honours", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360643 ]

[ 27240976, 27240977, 27240978, 27240979 ]

[ "Boban in 2008", "", "" ]

[ 0, 24, 24 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Zvonimir_Boban.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Order_of_DH_Franjo_Bu%C4%8Dar.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Ribbon_of_an_Order_of_the_Croatian_Trefoil.png" ]

[ "Zvonimir \"Zvone\" Boban ([zʋônimiːr bǒban] (listen); born 8 October 1968) is a Croatian former footballer who currently works at UEFA as the Chief of Football. Boban played as a midfielder and was usually deployed as an attacking midfielder. He played most of his professional career for Italian club Milan with whom he won four Serie A titles and one UEFA Champions League title. He also captained the Croatia national team which won third place at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.\nBefore 1990 and the international recognition of Croatia's national team, Boban had played for the Yugoslavia under-20 team which won the 1987 World Youth Championship. Boban scored three times in this tournament, as well as scoring in the final (drawn 1–1 with West Germany) and then converting the decisive penalty in the shootout. Having made his debut for the senior Yugoslavia team in 1988, Boban switched to playing for Croatia after the national team's inception, debuting against Romania in December 1990. Having appeared seven times for Yugoslavia, scoring once, Boban was capped 49 times for Croatia, scoring 12 goals, between 1992 and 1999.\nSince retiring from playing in 2002, Boban gained a history degree from the University of Zagreb. He has also become a football pundit on Croatian and Italian television, working most notably for Sky Italia and RTL Televizija. He has a reputation as an outspoken analyst.", "", "Born in Imotski, Boban started his career with Dinamo Zagreb. He made his debut for the team in the 1985–86 season, aged 16. He would play 109 games for the club over six seasons, scoring 45 goals and becoming club captain aged 19.", "In a game against Red Star Belgrade on 13 May 1990, Boban kicked a police officer in the face for assaulting a Dinamo supporter after a riot broke out in the stadium. This incident made Boban a nationalist icon in Croatia and is cited by some as the expression of Croatian discontent with the Yugoslav regime. It also earned him a suspension from the Yugoslav national team, causing him to miss the 1990 World Cup in Italy. In January 2011, the match (due to the incident) was named by CNN as one of \"five football games that changed the world\". The police officer (who turned out to be a Bosniak) later forgave Boban for his action.", "A.C. Milan signed Boban in 1991 in a deal worth £8 million. Milan immediately loaned him to Bari, as they felt he needed time to settle in Italy without counting as one of the 3 non-Italian players the club was limited to at the time. Bari were relegated in this season, but Boban ably demonstrated his ability in the team and was recalled to Milan. He stayed in the club for nine seasons, and enjoyed great success with them, helping the team to the 1994 Champions League title and contributing to the 1995 campaign in which they ended as runners-up. Playing 251 games for Milan and scoring 30 goals, Boban won four Serie A titles, as well as three Italian Supercups. In the second leg of the 1994 UEFA Super Cup Final against Arsenal in Milan, he scored the opening goal in Milan's 2–0 aggregate victory. In August 2001, with his role at Milan diminished due to the signing of Rui Costa, he was loaned to La Liga side Celta Vigo where he played in only four league matches. Unhappy with his role as a substitute, he retired in October 2001 and finished his last season earlier than he intended.", "", "Boban played a big part in Yugoslavia's win in 1987 World Youth Championship. He scored three goals for Yugoslavia in this tournament, and also scored a decisive penalty in the final shootout. At the full international level, he earned seven caps for Yugoslavia between 1988 and 1991, debuting against the Republic of Ireland on 27 April 1988. He played his last game for Yugoslavia on 16 May 1991 against the Faroe Islands, during which he scored his only goal for Yugoslavia.", "When the nation of Croatia declared its independence of Yugoslavia, Boban left Yugoslavia to play for Croatia. He played his first international match for Croatia against a Romanian side on 22 December 1990. The match was considered unofficial because Croatia at that time was not affiliated to FIFA. This match was only the second fixture Croatia had played as an independent nation since 1956. Boban played his last match for the national team in a friendly against France on 13 November 1999. He blamed back pain for his decision to quit international football, but would go on to play in two more seasons of club football. In his career with the Croatian national team, Boban won 49 international caps and scored 12 goals.", "Boban was a member of the Croatian team that finished third at the 1998 World Cup, captaining the squad at that tournament, as he had at the 1996 European Football Championship. A mistake he made in the semi-final allowed France to equalize immediately after Croatia had fought hard to earn a one-goal lead. To make matters worse, Boban was injured and wanted to come off at half time but stayed on until the 65th minute, when he was replaced by Silvio Maric. France won the match 2–1 and eventually won the tournament. Croatia went on to defeat the Netherlands, with Boban providing the pass to Davor Šuker to score the winner, allowing Croatia to attain third place and receive the bronze medal.", "Nicknamed Zorro, Boban was a talented and creative yet tenacious and hard-working player, known for his use of feints to beat opponents. He was gifted with excellent vision, passing range, dribbling skills, technical ability, and an eye for the final ball; he mixed these attributes with a unique tactical versatility and intelligence, which enabled him to be deployed in several midfield and offensive positions throughout his career. In addition to his preferred playmaking role behind the forwards as an attacking midfielder, he was also capable of playing on the wing, as a central midfielder, or even as a supporting striker, due to his powerful and accurate bending shots from distance; he was also effective from set-pieces. Throughout his career, he also became known for his vocal presence, determination and aggression on the pitch, as well as his strong character.", "Boban officially retired from football in 2002 after receiving little pitch time at Celta Vigo. On 7 October 2002, Boban organised and played in a farewell testimonial, with Croatia's 1998 World Cup team supported by tennis star Goran Ivanišević matching up against a World XI featuring such stars as Rivaldo, Marco van Basten and Lothar Matthäus.\nSince retiring from football, Boban, always known to be a literary man, completed his history degree at the University of Zagreb. He graduated from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb in 2004, with a thesis named \"Christianity in the Roman Empire\".\nHe also started a career in sports journalism, being the administration president for the Croatian daily sports newspaper Sportske novosti, a co-commentator during live broadcasts of the Croatian national team's away matches on the country's commercially-funded national TV station RTL Televizija as well as a commentator for SKY Italia and columnist for La Gazzetta dello Sport. Boban also owns a restaurant in Zagreb, called \"Boban\".\nBoban has always maintained that he will never become a coach.\nFootball has broadened my horizons. For a while, I will take a rest from it but one thing is certain. Never, never shall I become a coach. My nerves are not up to it.\n— Zvonimir Boban, interview after retirement", "On 30 May 2016, Boban was appointed FIFA's Deputy Secretary-General, focusing on developing the game and the organization of competitions. He has been immediately among the endorsers of the implementation of technology on the field and played a fundamental role in the development of the video assistant referee. In fact, during the 2018 World Cup played in Russia, the first-ever with the VAR, he lived in Moscow alongside Pierluigi Collina, chairman of FIFA's Referees' Committee, and Massimo Busacca, head of FIFA's Refereeing Department, thus bringing referees' world closer to the Institutions. On 14 June 2019, after three years in office, he resigned. FIFA President Gianni Infantino had words of thanks for the Croatian: \"I cannot thank Zvonimir enough for everything he has done for FIFA and for the game of football over the last three years by our side. Nobody embodies football better than he does and he has always worked for the good of the game. Many of the positive changes that we have made over the last three years could not have been achieved without Zvone. He has shown the same commitment, heart, and passion at FIFA that characterized his attitude on the pitch. We will miss him a lot at FIFA.\" One of Infantino's collaborators at FIFA said it was a massive loss, especially now that his work was beginning to make a difference for the whole organization.", "In June 2019, Boban resigned from his FIFA job to return to his former club A.C. Milan where he was hired as a Chief Football Officer, the closest cooperator of the club's technical director Paolo Maldini. However, he was sacked on 7 March 2020, after he publicly criticized club owner Ivan Gazidis, who negotiated a possible job offer with German manager Ralf Rangnick for the 2020−21 season behind Boban and Maldini's backs.", "In April 2021, Boban was hired by UEFA as the Chief of Football, first ever person to hold that position.", "Boban made headlines, as the Dinamo Zagreb captain, by kicking a Yugoslav policeman in the face after the officer had attacked a Dinamo Zagreb supporter during an on-pitch riot. For this act alone, Boban was proclaimed a national hero in Croatia at that time.\nHere I was, a public face prepared to risk his life, career, and everything that fame could have brought, all because of one ideal, one cause; the Croatian cause.\n— Zvonimir Boban, after the incident\nAs a commentator and pundit, Boban has become known as a frank and outspoken analyst.", "Boban married Leonarda Lončar, a fashion designer, in 1994. They have five children: adopted children Marija, Gabrijel, Marta, Rafael, and a biological daughter Ruža (Rose). In 2021, the couple separated.\nBoban is also a keen tennis player. He is known to be close friends with Goran Ivanišević, with whom he plays at his private indoor clay tennis court.", "", "Sources:", "", "", "", "Milan\nSerie A: 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99\nSupercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993, 1994\nUEFA Champions League: 1993–94\nUEFA Super Cup: 1994", "Yugoslavia\nFIFA World Youth Championship: 1987\nUEFA European Under-21 Football Championship: 1990 (Runners-up)\nCroatia\nFIFA World Cup: 1998 (Third place)", "FIFA World Youth Championship Silver Ball: 1987\nCroatian Footballer of the Year: 1991, 1999\nBallon d'Or: 1994 (24th place)\nSN Yellow Shirt Award: 1991\nFranjo Bučar State Award for Sport: 1998, 2002\nAC Milan: The 20 Greatest Rossoneri of All-Time\nA.C. Milan Hall of Fame\nFair Play Menarini Award 2017\nGlobe Soccer Awards 2018: Special Career Award", "Order of Danica Hrvatska with face of Franjo Bučar: 1995\n Order of the Croatian Trefoil: 1998", "\"Zvonimir Boban\". A.C. Milan. Archived from the original on 3 March 2000.\nSchiavone, David. \"Legend of Calcio: Zvonimir Boban\". Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2011.\nPodnar, Ozren. \"The Day Yugoslav Soccer Died\". Retrieved 10 June 2011.\nmachiavelli. \"Arkan, Zvonimir Boban, football and the bloody end of Yugoslavia\". Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.\nJ-Rock. \"May 13 – The Match That Started a War\". Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"Utakmica Dinamo-Crvena zvezda među pet koje su promijenile svijet\". Sarajevo-x.com. Retrieved 16 August 2011.\nHarris, Harry (9 February 1995). \"Taking the pizza\". Daily Mirror. London. pp. 36–37.\nEvans, Nic. \"Boban agrees to Celta loan deal\". Sky Sports. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"Zvonimir Boban\". acmilan-online.com. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"Boban to call it a day\". The Sunday Herald. 14 October 2001. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"Boban retires\". BBC. 16 October 2001. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"FIFA – Zvonimir Boban Stats\". FIFA.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2011.\n\"Serbian National Team – Zvonimir Boban Stats\". Retrieved 6 June 2011.\n\"Serbian National Team Statistics – Yugoslavia vs the Faroe Islands\". Retrieved 8 June 2011.\n\"Croatia v Romania, 22 December 1990. The match was considered unofficial by FIFA\". 11v11.com. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"Sve o sportu\". Sve o sportu. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2011.\n\"Boban calls time on Croatia career\". Retrieved 6 June 2011.\nOberjurge, Paul. \"Thuram finds perfect time to finally find net\". Retrieved 7 June 2011.\nHale, Alex. \"Zvonimir Boban\". Trivela.co.uk. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"CROATIA – NETHERLANDS\". Retrieved 7 June 2011.\n\"A.C. Milan Hall of Fame: Zvonimir Boban\". A.C. Milan. Retrieved 9 December 2014.\n\"Zvonimir BOBAN\" (in Italian). Magliarossonera.it. Retrieved 10 August 2016.\nHoliga, Aleksandar (29 April 2014). \"Where Does Luka Modric Rank Among Croatia's Greatest Midfielders?\". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 14 July 2019.\nBach, Nenand. \"Croatia's Boban leaves football with farewell match\". Retrieved 7 June 2011.\n\"50 najbogatijih Hrvata\" [50 richest Croats] (in Croatian). Nacional (weekly). 30 March 2004. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2011.\nPodnar, Ozren. \"Zvonimir Boban: Next Croatian FA President, Or Deputy Minister Of Sports?\". Retrieved 6 June 2011.\nHomewood, Brian. \"Former Croatia captain Boban given high-ranking FIFA role\". Reuters UK. Retrieved 5 June 2017.\nHINA (14 June 2019). \"Nije odolio pozivu: Zvonimir Boban napušta FIFA-u i stiže u Milan za šefa nogometnih operacija\". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 21 April 2021.\n\"Milan i službeno potvrdio ono o čemu se pričalo: Zvone Boban dobio otkaz!\". Gol.hr (in Croatian). 7 March 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2021.\nRogulj, Daniela (17 April 2021). \"Zvonimir Boban to Become First-Ever UEFA Head of Football\". Total Croatia News. Retrieved 21 April 2021.\n\"Zvonimir Boban to be appointed UEFA role | Croatia Week\". Croatia Week. 17 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.\nMatteoni, Robert (16 April 2021). \"Zvonimir Boban ima novi posao: Dobio funkciju koju još nitko nikad nije obnašao u povijesti nogometa!\". Sportske novosti (in Croatian). Retrieved 21 April 2021.\nHaylett, Trevor (10 October 1995). \"Boban the inspiration for Croatia\". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2011.\nRomao, Kevin. \"Whatever happened to – Zvonimir Boban\". The Graduate Times. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.\n\"Zvonimir & Leonarda Boban\". Story.Hr. Retrieved 7 June 2011.\n\"Zvonimir Boban becomes father for a fifth time\". Croatian Times. Retrieved 7 June 2011.\n\"Razišli se Zvonimir i Leonarda Boban: 'Nadam se da će ljudi shvatiti delikatnost ove odluke'\". Večernji list (in Croatian). 4 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.\nStaunton, Peter. \"Top 10 – Roland Garros Special: When Football Meets Tennis\". Retrieved 10 June 2011.\nLaw, David (1 January 2003). \"Ivanisevic promises final display of fireworks\". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"Boban, Zvonimir\". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"Zvonimir Boban\". FootballDatabase.eu. Retrieved 10 June 2011.\n\"Zvonimir Boban Dinamo Zagreb statistics\". Povijest.gnkdinamo.hr. Retrieved 7 October 2017.\n\"AC Milan: The 20 Greatest Rossoneri of All-Time\". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 24 November 2011.\nFIFA.com\n\"ODLUKU KOJOM SE ODLIKUJU REDOM DANICE HRVATSKE S LIKOM FRANJE BUČARA\" (in Croatian). hrvatska.poslovniforum.hr.\n\"PREDSJEDNIK TUDJMAN ODLIKOVAO HRVATSKU NOGOMETNU REPREZENTACIJU\" (in Croatian). hrt.hr. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016.", "Zvonimir Boban – FIFA competition record (archived)\nZvonimir Boban at National-Football-Teams.com\nZvonimir Boban Yugoslavia stats at Reprezentacija.rs at the Wayback Machine (archived 2 February 2014) (in Serbian)" ]

[ "Zvonimir Boban", "Club career", "Dinamo Zagreb", "Dinamo Zagreb–Red Star Belgrade riot", "Serie A", "International career", "Yugoslavia", "Croatia", "1998 World Cup", "Style of play", "Retirement", "FIFA", "Milan", "UEFA", "Reputation", "Personal life", "Career statistics", "Club", "International", "International goals", "Honours", "Club", "International", "Individual", "Orders", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360644, 5360645 ]

[ 27240980, 27240981, 27240982, 27240983, 27240984, 27240985, 27240986, 27240987, 27240988, 27240989, 27240990, 27240991, 27240992, 27240993, 27240994, 27240995, 27240996, 27240997, 27240998, 27240999, 27241000, 27241001, 27241002, 27241003, 27241004, 27241005, 27241006, 27241007, 27241008, 27241009, 27241010, 27241011, 27241012, 27241013, 27241014, 27241015 ]

[ "Mijo Babić, Vlado Chernozemski and Zvonimir Pospišl (from left to right)" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Vlado_Chernozemski_Janka_Pusta.jpg" ]

[ "Zvonimir Pospišil (1904-1941) was a Yugoslav revolutionary of Croatian origin, known as one of the main Ustaše terrorists who organised the assassination of King Aleksandar of Yugoslavia in 1934.", "Pospišil was born on 9 June 1904 in Vukovina, Austria-Hungary (modern-day Croatia) from mother Marija and father Ladislav Kralj and educated as mechanic.\nOn 22 March 1929 Pospišil and Mijo Babić murdered Toni Šlegel, the chief editor of newspaper Novosti from Zagreb and president of Jugoštampa, which was the beginning of the terrorist actions of Ustaše.\nPospišil is also known as one of assassins of Alexander I of Yugoslavia.", "On 17 June 1941 during the battle in village Pržine during June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina between 600 Ustaše and rebels lasted for two hours. Ustaše retreated toward Gacko and Avtovac burning village of Zborna Gomila, after leaving four dead on the battlefield including Zvonimir Pospišil.\nDuring the Uprising in Herzegovina the other two assassins of King Aleksandar, Mijo Babić and Antun Pogorelac, were also killed during their attacks on rebels.", "(Volkov 1983, p. 78):\"Od sve trojice Zvonimir Pospišil je bio najkoloritnija ličnost. On je rođen 1904. u Hrvatskoj, u Vukovini. ...imao stalno zanimanje automehaničara.... a nekoliko razreda osnovne škole činili su ga najobrazovanijim od njih.\"\n(Donat 1998, p. 195):\"Zvonimir Pospišil iz Vukovine, kotar Velika Gorica. Rođen je 9. VI. 1904., sin Ladislava i Marije Kralj, mehaničar, položio ...\"\n(Colić 1973, p. 34):\"Ustaške terorističke akcije počele su 22. marta 1929. godine u Zagrebu, gdje su Mijo Babić i Zvonko Pospišil revolverskim hicima ubili glavnog urednika zagrebačkih »Novosti« i predsjednika »Jugoštampe« Toni Šlegela. \"\nIstorija Radnickog Pokreta. 1965. p. 118. Pošto su imale 4 mrtva (među njima i ustaški emigrant Zvonko Pospišil) 185 i 4 ranjene, ustaše su odstupile prema Avtovcu i Gacku. Kod Pospišila nađena je mašinka (ustaše su svu četvoricu poginulih ostavile na položaju) i isprave na osnovu kojih je identifikovan.\n(Knežević 1961, p. 363):\"Poslije odbijanja ustaša iz dokumenata ubijenog utvrdilo se da je to ustaša emigrant Zvonko Pospišil.\"\nBilten. Udruźenja. 1979. p. 25. Из докумената нађених код тог усташе,сазнало се да је то био Звонимир Поспишил.\ngenocida, Muzej žrtava; zadruga, Srpska književna; veku, Odbor SANU za sakupljanje građe o genocidu protiv srpskog naroda i drugih naroda Jugoslavije u XX (1995). Genocid nad Srbima u II svetskom ratu. Muzej žrtava genocida i Srpska književna zadruga. ...у првом окрша]у погинуло неколико усташа меЬу ко]има и емигрант Звонимир Поспишил, ]едан од атентатора на краља Александра Карађорђевића\nDedijer, Vladimir; Miletić, Antun (1989). Proterivanje Srba sa ognjišta 1941-1944: svedočanstva. Prosveta. p. 342. ISBN 9788607004508. Došlo je do krvavih borbi u kojoj su poginuli zloglasni Mijo Babić (Mijo Kralj) i Antun Pogorelac, atentatori na bl. poč. Kralja Aleksandra, oficiri ustaške milicije.", "Colić, Mladen (1973). Takozvana Nezavisna Država Hrvatska 1941. Delta-pres.\nKnežević, Danilo (1961). Četrdeset godina: zbornik sećanja aktivista jugoslovenskog revolucionarnog radničkog pokreta. Kultura.\nVolkov, Vladimir Konstantinovich (1983). Ubistvo kralja Aleksandra--Hitlerova zavera. Nova knjiga.\nDonat, Branimir (1 January 1998). Politika hrvatske književnosti i književnost hrvatske politike. Matica hrvatska. ISBN 978-953-150-157-6." ]

[ "Zvonimir Pospišil", "Before World War II", "During the World War II", "References", "Sources" ]

[ 5360646 ]

[ 27241016, 27241017, 27241018, 27241019, 27241020, 27241021, 27241022 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Zvonimir_Rogoz.jpg" ]

[ "Zvonimir Rogoz (10 October 1887 – 6 February 1988) was a Croatian actor who played in German, Croatian, Slovenian, Czech and Slovakian, on stage and in cinema, during a career long 81 years.\nA native of Zagreb, Rogoz started his actor's career in Vienna in Wiener Theater. From 1919 to 1929 he was actor and director in Ljubljana. Rogoz became famous in Czechoslovakia as a guest in title roles when Ljubljana theater in 1927 played in Prague Shakespeare's Hamlet and Dostoevsky's Idiot. Rogoz remained in engagement in National Theatre in Prague from 1929 till 1949. In the prewar period he appeared in many Czechoslovak films of the 1930s, including the 1933 erotic drama Ecstasy, featuring young Hedy Lamarr. He then returned to Zagreb, playing in theater, cinema and television till his death. Younger generations of Croatia remember him even more for his private life: he fathered a child at the age of 96. This and other events became the subject of his autobiographical book Mojih prvih 100 godina (My First 100 Years). He died in Zagreb a few months after his 100th birthday.", "The Glembays (1988)\nPet mrtvih adresa (1984)\nKiklop (1982)\nDobro jutro sine (1978)\nOkupacija u 26 slika (1978)\nHarmonika (1972)\nPutovanje na mjesto nesreće (1971)\nStarci (1971)\nSlučajni život (1969)\nCintek (1967)\nRondo (1966)\nKljuč (1965)\nBanket (1965)\nSan (1965)\nDoktor Knok (1964)\nVrapčić (1964)\nCarevo novo ruho (1961)\nSamsonov sin (1960)\nVlak bez voznog reda (1959)\nNije bilo uzalud (1957)\nOpsada (1956)\nThe Beginning Was Sin (1954)\nU početku bijaše grijeh (1954)\nKoncert kao Pjaskovski (1954)\nRevolucijski rok 1848 (1949)\nPripad Z-8 (1949)\nMuzikant (1948)\nDok se vratiš (1948)\nTri kamaradi (1947)\nViolina i san (1947)\nKrakatit (1947)\nFourteen at the Table (1943)\nBila jahta u Splitu (1939)\nEcstasy (1933)", "Dnevnik Očenašeka (1968)", "Zvonimir Rogoz at IMDb" ]

[ "Zvonimir Rogoz", "Filmography", "TV roles", "External links" ]

[ 5360647 ]

[ 27241023 ]

[ "Serdarušić coaching THW Kiel in 2007" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Zvonimir_Serdarusic_02.jpg" ]

[ "Zvonimir Serdarušić ([zʋônimiːr serdǎruʃitɕ]; born 2 September 1950) is a Croatian former professional handball coach and player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics for Yugoslavia. In May 1998, he also acquired German citizenship.", "", "Serdarušić began his handball career in RK Velež from Mostar. After three seasons he moved to \nRK Bosna Sarajevo. In two seasons with Bosna Sarajevo he moved up from the third league to the first. In 1973 Serdarušić moved to Partizan Bjelovar. He stayed at the club for seven years winning the First League twice in 1977 and 1979, and the Cup once in 1977.", "In 1981 he spent one season with THW Kiel before moving to Füchse Berlin Reinickendorf HBC, where he got to the semifinal of the IHF Cup in 1983, and the final of the DHB-Pokal in 1984 before retiring.\nHe also played a match for the world all star team.", "THW Kiel (1980–1981): 26 (99)\nFüchse Berlin Reinickendorf HBC (1981–1984): 73 (182)", "Seradušić first appeared at the 1974 World Championship in East Germany. There Yugoslavia won the bronze medal defeating Poland by a scoreline of 18–16.\nHe was part of the Yugoslav team which finished fifth in the 1976 Summer Olympic Games tournament. He played all six matches and scored 17 goals. Currently, Serdarušić is considered one of the top handball coaches in the world. He also played at the 1975 Mediterranean Games where he won a gold medal. His last tournament for the national team was at the 1978 World Championship where Yugoslavia finished in fifth place.", "Serdarušić was charged with allegedly having bribed referees in ten championship matches in 2010, while at THW Kiel. However, he was officially cleared in 2012.", "", "Bosna Sarajevo\nYugoslav Second League: 1971–72\nYugoslav Third League: 1970–71\nPartizan Bjelovar\nYugoslav First League: 1976–77, 1978–79\nYugoslav Cup: 1976–77\nFüchse Berlin\nDHB-Pokal finalist: 1984", "Velež Mostar\nYugoslav Third League: 1984–85\nBad Schwartau\n2nd Bundesliga - North: 1989–90\nFlensburg-Handewitt\n2nd Bundesliga - North: 1991–92\nTHW Kiel\nBundesliga: 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2001–02, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08\nDHB-Pokal: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008\nGerman Super Cup: 1995, 1998, 2005, 2007, 2008\nEHF Champions League: 2006–07\nEHF Champions Trophy: 2007\nEHF Cup: 1998, 2002, 2004\nCelje\nSlovenian First League: 2009–10\nSlovenian Cup: 2010\nSlovenian Super Cup: 2010\nParis Saint-Germain\nLNH Division 1: 2015–16, 2016–17\nCoupe de France: 2018\nCoupe de la Ligue: 2017, 2018\nTrophée des champions: 2016\nIndividual\nBest coach of Bundesliga: 2006, 2007, 2008\nCoach of the Year in Germany: 1996, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2007", "(in German)\n\"Zvonimir Serdarusic\". archiv.thw-handball.de/ (in German).\nGerman magazine article about the game manipulation allegations\n\"Zwei Freisprüche und viele offene Fragen\" (in German).", "Profile (in German)" ]

[ "Zvonimir Serdarušić", "Career", "Yugoslavia", "Germany", "Appearances and goals", "International career", "Controversy", "Honours", "Player", "Coach", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360648 ]

[ 27241024, 27241025, 27241026, 27241027, 27241028, 27241029 ]

[ "Soldo as manager of Admira Wacker", "Zvonimir Soldo at his Bundesliga farewell match", "", "" ]

[ 0, 3, 15, 15 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Zvonimir_Soldo_2010.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Soldo_opro%C5%A1taljka.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Order_of_DH_Franjo_Bu%C4%8Dar.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Ribbon_of_an_Order_of_the_Croatian_Trefoil.png" ]

[ "Zvonimir Soldo (born 2 November 1967) is a Croatian football manager and a former player. During his playing career, he mostly played as defensive midfielder.", "", "After studying law for six semesters at the University of Zagreb, Soldo's parents convinced him to pursue a career as professional football player.\nSoldo's professional career began with NK Dinamo Zagreb which he left for NK Zadar after two years. 1991 through 1994, he played for NK Inter Zaprešić before returning to his former club, now named NK Croatia Zagreb.\nRunner-up in both Croatian league and cup in his first season back at Zagreb, the next campaign saw Soldo's side complete a domestic double in 1995/96. After achieving all he could in domestic football, Soldo headed for German side VfB Stuttgart.", "Soldo made his Bundesliga debut on 17 August 1996 against FC Schalke 04. This was\nthe beginning of his time in Stuttgart which would last for ten years and during which\nhe would lead VfB Stuttgart on the pitch as captain nearly 200 times.\nDuring this period, Soldo played another 300 times in the Bundesliga and 47 times in European competitions, won the German cup in 1997 and reached the European Cup Winners' Cup final in 1998, as well as finishing as runner-up in the 2002–03 campaign.\nAfter being an exemplary sportsman and role model for younger players all these years, Soldo played his last Bundesliga match for Stuttgart on 6 May 2006.\nIn recognition of his merits, Soldo received the Staufer medal, a decoration awarded by the state of Baden-Württemberg.", "Soldo was also a long-time member of the Croatian national team, with notable appearances in the Euro 96, 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2002 FIFA World Cup. He was capped a total of 61 times, scoring three goals, and was an important member of the squad that finished third in the 1998 World Cup.\nAfter the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Soldo retired from international football.", "", "On 14 January 2008 Zvonimir was appointed as a new manager of Dinamo Zagreb after Branko Ivanković's resignation. Prior to that he was managing Dinamo's youth team. He became Prva HNL Champion and Croatian Cup Winner. He offered his resignation in the night after the cup final to make space to old/new manager Branko Ivanković.", "From June 2009 to October 2010, Soldo was the manager of German Bundesliga club, 1. FC Köln (Cologne) after the club's former coach Christoph Daum surprisingly left to sign for Fenerbahçe.", "On 13 September 2020, he resigned as manager of Admira Wacker, following a 1–4 loss to Rapid Wien.", "On 14 November 2021, he was appointed as coach of Tractor.", "", "", "", "Inker Zaprešić\nCroatian Cup: 1992\nDinamo Zagreb\nCroatian First League: 1995–96\nCroatian Cup: 1995–96\nVfB Stuttgart\nDFB-Pokal: 1996–97\nUEFA Cup Winners' Cup Runner-up: 1997–98\nUEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000\nBundesliga Runner-up: 2002–03\nCroatia\nFIFA World Cup third place: 1998", "Dinamo Zagreb\nCroatian First League: 2007–08\nCroatian Cup: 2007–08", "Order of Danica Hrvatska with face of Franjo Bučar – 1995\n Order of the Croatian Trefoil – 1998", "\"Bestätigt: Soldo entlassen\". RevierSport (in German). 24 October 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2018.\n\"ZVONIMIR SOLDO VERLÄSST FC FLYERALARM ADMIRA\" (in German). Admira Wacker. 13 September 2020.\n\"Zvonimir Soldo takes charge of Tractor\". tehran times. 14 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.\n\"Stuttgart 1-1 Auxerre (Aggregate: 3 - 1)\". uefa.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2004. Retrieved 16 June 2020.\n\"ODLUKU KOJOM SE ODLIKUJU REDOM DANICE HRVATSKE S LIKOM FRANJE BUČARA\" (in Croatian). hrvatska.poslovniforum.hr.\n\"PREDSJEDNIK TUDJMAN ODLIKOVAO HRVATSKU NOGOMETNU REPREZENTACIJU\" (in Croatian). hrt.hr.", "Zvonimir Soldo – FIFA competition record (archived)\nZvonimir Soldo at National-Football-Teams.com" ]

[ "Zvonimir Soldo", "Club career", "Early career", "VfB Stuttgart", "International career", "Coaching career", "Dinamo Zagreb", "1. FC Köln", "Admira Wacker", "Tractor S.C.", "Career statistics", "Managerial statistics", "Honours", "Player", "Manager", "Orders", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360649, 5360650, 5360651 ]

[ 27241030, 27241031, 27241032, 27241033, 27241034, 27241035, 27241036, 27241037, 27241038 ]

[ "Vujin in 1972" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Zvonimir_Vujin_1972b.jpg" ]

[ "Zvonimir \"Zvonko\" Vujin (23 July 1943 – 8 December 2019) was a Serbian amateur boxer. He competed in the 1968 and 1972 Olympics for Yugoslavia and won bronze medals on both occasions. In 1967 he won a silver medal at the European championships and a gold at the Mediterranean Games. He died on 8 December 2019 in his hometown, Zrenjanin.", "Below is the Olympic record of Zvonimir Vujin, a Yugoslavian lightweight boxer who competed at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics:\nRound of 64: bye\nRound of 32: defeated Peter Rieger (East Germany) by decision, 3-2\nRound of 16: defeated Valery Belousov (Soviet Union) by decision, 5-0\nQuarterfinal: defeated Luis Minami (Peru) by decision, 5-0\nSemifinal: lost to Josef Grudzien (Poland) by decision, 0-5 (was awarded bronze medal)", "Below is the Olympic record of Zvonimir Vujin, a Yugoslavian light welterweight boxer who competed at the 1972 Munich Olympics:\nRound of 32: defeated Robert Mwakosya (Tanzania) by a second-round TKO\nRound of 16: defeated Sodnom Gombo (Mongolia) by decision, 3-2\nQuarterfinal: defeated Graham Moughton (Great Britain) by decision, 5-0\nSemifinal: lost to Ray Seales (United States) by decision, 0-5 (was awarded bronze medal)", "Zvonko Vujin. sports-reference.com\nOdlazak sportske legende: preminuo Zvonko Vujin", "Zvonimir Vujin at the International Olympic Committee" ]

[ "Zvonimir Vujin", "1968 Olympic results", "1972 Olympic results", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360652 ]

[ 27241039, 27241040 ]

[ "Vukić with PAOK in 2013" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Zvonimir_Vuki%C4%87_%282013%29.png" ]

[ "Zvonimir Vukić (Serbian Cyrillic: Звонимир Вукић; born 19 July 1979) is a Serbian former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.\nA former Serbia and Montenegro international, Vukić appeared at the 2006 FIFA World Cup.", "Vukić started out at his hometown club Proleter Zrenjanin, making his senior debut in the 1996–97 season, aged 17. He became a first-team regular in the following 1997–98 campaign, attracting the attention of numerous domestic and foreign clubs. In the summer of 1998, Vukić was snapped by Spanish club Atlético Madrid.\nAfter spending almost two years with Atlético's B team, playing in the Segunda División, Vukić returned to his homeland and signed with Partizan in April 2000. He made a name for himself over the next four seasons with the Crno-beli, scoring 52 goals across all competitions. In the 2002–03 season, Vukić was the league's top scorer with 22 goals, as Partizan won the title.\nIn June 2003, Vukić signed a five-year contract with Ukrainian runners-up Shakhtar Donetsk. He was their top scorer with 13 goals in all competitions during his debut season. In his second year at the club, Vukić helped the side win the championship despite being scoreless in the process. He also made his UEFA Champions League debut that season against the likes of Barcelona and Milan.\nIn August 2005, Vukić was loaned to Premier League side Portsmouth until the end of the 2005–06 season. He scored his first goal for Portsmouth in a 4–1 win over Sunderland on 29 October 2005. However, after the sacking of manager Alain Perrin and reinstatement of former manager Harry Redknapp, Vukić was deemed surplus to requirements.\nIn January 2006, Vukić found himself back in familiar territory, having been loaned to his former club Partizan for the rest of the 2005–06 season. He rejoined the Belgrade side just a few days following Danko Lazović's comeback. Unfortunately, Vukić broke a foot in a friendly game against Ural Yekaterinburg, managing to play just two competitive matches after a long pause.\nAfter his contract with Shakhtar Donetsk expired in the summer of 2008, Vukić joined Moscow. However, the Ukrainian club claimed that they have a valid contract with the player. Eventually, FIFA allowed Vukić to play for the Russian club in October 2008. He scored on his debut for the side in a league fixture against Terek Grozny on 2 November 2008. After the club folded in February 2010, Vukić became a free agent.", "In May, and November 2010, after training with the club for several months, Vukić was again linked to Partizan, but no deal was concluded. He eventually signed with his former club on 31 January 2011, penning a one-year deal. Vukić chose the number 80 shirt and was officially presented together with Ghanaian international Prince Tagoe. He helped Partizan win the double, scoring from the penalty spot in the Serbian Cup final against Vojvodina.\nAt the start of the 2011–12 campaign, Vukić assumed his old number 10 shirt. He opened the season with a goal against Shkëndija in the second qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League. However, after a weak form in August 2010, Vukić became a subject of fans criticism, briefly dropping from the first team.\nOn 21 September 2011, Vukić returned to the lineup and scored a goal in the Serbian Cup first round against Novi Pazar. He then scored a brace in his first league game after six rounds for a 2–0 victory over Spartak Subotica on 15 October 2011. In the next 30 days, Vukić netted five more, including three league and two cup goals. He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 away win against arch-rivals on 26 November 2011, becoming a fans favorite again. In the last two rounds of the first half of the season, Vukić scored two more goals to complete his fantastic performances in late 2011.\nOn 24 January 2012, after much speculation, Vukić signed another one-year contract with Partizan. He continued his good performances in the second half of the season, being named in the SuperLiga Team of the Season. However, Vukić was removed from the squad in August 2012, because of disagreements with reappointed manager Vladimir Vermezović.", "On 30 January 2013, Vukić joined PAOK on a free transfer, signing a one-and-a-half-year deal. He played three matches in the Super League Greece until the end of the 2012–13 regular season, scoring two goals in his first two appearances for the club against Panionios and Panathinaikos. Vukić also recorded four appearances in the Super League playoffs.\nOn 26 April 2014, Vukić was the only scorer for his team in the Greek Cup final, converting a penalty in the 70th minute of their 4–1 loss to Panathinaikos. He was also one of the team's top scorers in the 2013–14 season, with 15 goals in all competitions, before eventually leaving PAOK at the end of his contract.\nOn 7 September 2014, Vukić joined Veria on a free transfer, signing a one-year contract. He was given the number 99 shirt. On 12 February 2015, Vukić terminated his contract with Veria by mutual consent.", "Vukić earned 26 caps for Serbia and Montenegro, making his full international debut in a 2–2 home draw with Azerbaijan on 12 February 2003. He scored his first national team goal in a 3–2 win over Wales at Millennium Stadium on 11 October 2003.\nVukić was a regular member of the team during the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification, scoring four goals in the process. He was included in the final 23-man squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, despite having been in the process of convalescence after a long break due to foot injury. Eventually, Vukić made one appearance in the final tournament, coming in from the bench in a 6–0 loss to Argentina.", "", "", "", "Partizan\nFirst League of FR Yugoslavia: 2001–02, 2002–03\nFR Yugoslavia Cup: 2000–01\nSerbian SuperLiga: 2010–11, 2011–12\nSerbian Cup: 2010–11\nShakhtar Donetsk\nUkrainian Premier League: 2004–05, 2007–08\nUkrainian Cup: 2003–04, 2007–08\nUkrainian Super Cup: 2005\nIndividual\nFK Partizan Player of the Year: 2002\nFirst League of Serbia and Montenegro Top Scorer: 2002–03\nSerbian SuperLiga Team of the Season: 2011–12", "Official UEFA matches only", "\"Martinović i Nedović od leta u Partizanu?\" (in Serbian). glas-javnosti.rs. 27 April 2000. Retrieved 4 December 2011.\n\"Zvonimir Vukić\" (in Serbian). partizanopedia.rs. Retrieved 7 June 2022.\n\"Zvonimir Vukić: 'Rano je za priču o odlasku!'\" (in Serbian). b92.net. 26 May 2003. Retrieved 2 August 2012.\n\"Shakhtar shell out for Vukic\". uefa.com. 6 June 2003. Retrieved 26 March 2012.\n\"Sunderland 1–4 Portsmouth\". bbc.co.uk. 29 October 2005. Retrieved 1 September 2009.\n\"Vukić konačno potpisao za Partizan\" (in Serbian). mondo.rs. 30 January 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2012.\n\"Vukić teže povređen!\" (in Serbian). novosti.rs. 5 February 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2012.\nФутбол: Вукичу разрешили играть за \"Москву\" (in Russian). sportbox.ru. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2016.\n\"Vukić samo trenira u Partizanu ili...?\" (in Serbian). sportal.rs. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.\n\"Vukić ponovo u Partizanu?\" (in Serbian). b92.net. 18 November 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.\n\"B92: Vukić ponovo u Partizanu\" (in Serbian). b92.net. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.\n\"Tagoe i Vukić za jači Partizan!\" (in Serbian). mondo.rs. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2012.\n\"Vukić rezervisao \"desetku\"\" (in Serbian). sportske.net. 18 June 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2016.\n\"KUP: Partizan rutinski kroz Novi Pazar\" (in Serbian). mondo.rs. 21 September 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.\n\"Dva gola Vukića za trijumf Partizana\" (in Serbian). novosti.rs. 15 October 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.\n\"Ocene – Osporavani izrasli u junake...\" (in Serbian). sportske.net. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.\n\"Vukić produžio ugovor!\" (in Serbian). partizan.rs. 24 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.\n\"Vukić ostaje u Partizanu\" (in Serbian). b92.net. 24 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.\n\"Vermezović precrtao Vukića i Smiljanića\" (in Serbian). mondo.rs. 10 August 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2016.\n\"Vukić izbačen sa treninga!\" (in Serbian). b92.net. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2016.\n\"Ο Zvonimir Vukić στον ΠΑΟΚ\" (in Greek). paokfc.gr. 30 January 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.\n\"ZVONIMIR VUKIC\". slgr.gr. Retrieved 7 June 2022.\n\"Berg inspires Panathiakos to Greek Cup triumph\". uefa.com. 26 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.\n\"Παίκτης της Βέροιας ο Zvonimir Vukic\" (in Greek). veriafc.gr. 7 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.\n\"Λύση συνεργασίας με Zvonimir Vukic\" (in Greek). veriafc.gr. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.\n\"Vukić Zvonimir\" (in Serbian). reprezentacija.rs. Retrieved 7 June 2022.\n\"Serbia complete Wales double\". bbc.co.uk. 11 October 2003. Retrieved 8 January 2012.\n\"Vukic in contention with comeback\". bbc.co.uk. 4 May 2006. Retrieved 14 April 2014.\n\"Argentina 6–0 Serbia & Montenegro\". bbc.co.uk. 16 June 2006. Retrieved 14 April 2014.\n\"Zvonimir Vukić, international football player\". eu-football.info. Retrieved 7 June 2022.", "Zvonimir Vukić at BDFutbol\nZvonimir Vukić at Soccerway\nZvonimir Vukić at WorldFootball.net\nZvonimir Vukić at FootballDatabase.eu" ]

[ "Zvonimir Vukić", "Club career", "Third stint at Partizan", "Career in Greece", "International career", "Career statistics", "Club", "International", "Honours", "Notes", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360653 ]

[ 27241041, 27241042, 27241043, 27241044, 27241045, 27241046, 27241047, 27241048, 27241049, 27241050, 27241051, 27241052, 27241053, 27241054, 27241055, 27241056, 27241057, 27241058, 27241059, 27241060, 27241061 ]

[ "Račić and Bezjak (right)", "" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Kre%C5%A1imir_Ra%C4%8Di%C4%87_and_Zvonko_Bezjak.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" ]

[ "Zvonko Bezjak (born Antun Petar Bezjak on 29 June 1935) is a retired Croatian hammer thrower of Slovenian origin. He competed for Yugoslavia at the 1960 Summer Olympics and finished in sixth place. He won a gold medal at the 1963 Mediterranean Games.\nAs a teenager Bezjak tried fencing and wrestling before changing to athletics. In 1953 he won the Yugoslav junior pentathlon championships, where he performed well not only in throwing, but also in sprint events, running 100 m in 11.3 and 200 m in 23.2 seconds. Next year he moved from his native Varaždin to Zagreb, and received a degree in economics there in 1960. During his hammer throwing career Bezjak had a strong rivalry with Krešimir Račić, with Bezjak winning the Yugoslav title in 1956, 1958, 1960 and 1963 and Račić in 1954, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1962 and 1964. Bezjak retired in 1965. He did not pursue a coaching career, and instead worked for the catering company Ključice in Novi Marof until 1991.\nHe had a sister Vida, whose son Zlatko Bezjak became a competitive javelin thrower.", "Zvonko Bezjak. trackfield.brinkster.net\nŽIVLJENJEPISI SLOVENCEV V HRVAŠKEM ŠPORTU. slovenci-zagreb.hr (2014). p. 222\n\"Antun Bezjak\". sports-reference. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2012." ]

[ "Zvonko Bezjak", "References" ]

[ 5360654 ]

[ 27241062 ]

[ "Zvonko Bogdan in Pljevlja, 2006, at the Youth Festival of String Instruments" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Zvonko_Bogdan_P.JPG" ]

[ "Zvonimir \"Zvonko\" Bogdan (Serbian Cyrillic: Звонимир \"Звонко\" Богдан; born 5 January 1942) is a Serbian Bunjevac performer of traditional folk songs of Serbia, Croatia, Hungary and Romania. He is also a composer, wine producer and harness racer.", "He was born in the town of Sombor (present-day Vojvodina, Serbia) during World War II to a Bunjevac family, when that part of Yugoslavia was under Axis Hungarian occupation. He spent his childhood on the salaš (farm) of his maternal grandfather Stipan Kukuruzar; his other grandfather Franja was a coachman, tamburitza musician and bon viveur. After a brief adventure in local Sombor theatre, he headed for Belgrade, in age of 19, to enter the drama academy, and started singing in Belgrade kafanas to earn for living, and he found himself in this job. The engagement in Belgrade's \"Union\" hotel, meeting place of numerous journalists and bohemes, boosted his career; for almost 30 years, he would sing in \"Union\" whenever he visited Belgrade. His first solo concert was held at Kalemegdan terrace. In 1971, he recorded \"Ej salaši na severu Bačke\" (Hey Salašes in the North of Bačka), the song he would be forever remembered for. From 1972, he performed with Janika Balaž's orchestra on Novi Sad's Petrovaradin Fortress, a hallmark of tamburitza music.\nDuring the turbulent 1990s and Yugoslav Wars, Bogdan largely withdrew from public performances. As he explained, \"Simply, I wasn't in a mood to work. Also, the piracy took so much momentum that I was sick even of thoughts of composing and music... I hope those ugly times have gone and that we would be able to live like humans again\".\nIn 2004, Bogdan performed in Novi Sad for the Exit Festival, mostly devoted to pop and rock, also held on Petrovaradin Fortress; it was a tribute of new generations to the old bard and the site which was the cornerstone of traditional music.\nBogdan sings both the original and also the traditional songs of Vojvodina and Slavonia accompanied by the traditional tamburitza orchestra. Some of the songs he composed himself, including his most famous \"Ej salaši na severu Bačke\". Some of his songs are also in Hungarian and Romani.\nAccompanying bands on his concerts are the Orchestra of Mile Nikolić (the successor of the famous Orchestra of Janika Balaž) from Vojvodina and the Zagrebački tamburaši from Croatia. The late Janika Balaž and still living Jerry Grcevich are his favourite tamburitza musicians and co-workers. Zvonko Bogdan is still very active and he plays in Serbia and Croatia, and all over the world where Serbian and Croatian people live.\nBogdan is also a prolific harness racer, and horses and affection for them are common themes in Bogdan's songs. He is considered one of the most successful racers of Vojvodina In 2001, at Zagreb's Hippodrome, he won the Hrvatski kasački derbi (Croatian Harness Race Derby), establishing a record that still stands.\nSome of his most recognized songs are \"Ej salaši na severu Bačke\", \"Osam tamburaša s Petrovaradina\" (Eight Tamburitza Players from Petrovaradin), \"Bunjevačko prelo\" (Bunjevac Village Party), \"U tem Somboru\" (In That Sombor), \"Već odavno spremam svog mrkova\" (I've Been Preparing My Black Horse for a Long Time), \"Ne vredi plakati\" (There's No Point in Crying), \"Govori se da me varaš\" (There Are Rumours You're Cheating on Me), \"Kraj jezera jedna kuća mala\" (One Little House Next to a Lake), \"Fijaker stari\" (Old Fiacre), \"Prošle su mnoge ljubavi\" (Many Loves Have Passed) and \"Ko te ima, taj te nema\" (The One Who Has You, Does Not Have You).\nBogdan married his wife in Belgrade. They have two children, and three grandchildren. He has been living in Subotica since 1980.", "The most prominent Croatian tamburitza artists, such as Zlatni Dukati, Kićo Slabinac and Miroslav Škoro have recorded many songs that Bogdan wrote or is known for singing them. Zlatni Dukati made an album Starogradska pjesmarica (Old Town Song Book) in 1994, with many popular Bogdan's songs. Kićo Slabinac also started to sing tamburitza songs in the 1970s and part of his repertoire is very similar to Bogdan's. Miroslav Škoro, who is an apprentice of Jerry Grchevich, has a habit to perform \"Ej salaši na sjeveru Bačke\" in almost every concert as dedication to Zvonko Bogdan.\nIn 1990, Croatian poet Drago Britvić and composer Siniša Leopold wrote a song \"Svirci moji\" (My Musicians) specifically for Zvonko Bogdan, for him to perform at the traditional Zlatne žice Slavonije festival of tamburitza songs in Požega, Croatia. Because of the Yugoslav crisis, Bogdan did not have a chance to make his performance, but Đuka Čajić stepped in and won the festival. It took more than a decade for Bogdan to perform the song before an audience. In the Croatian Radiotelevision show Hit do hita (Hit After a Hit) in April 2004, Zvonko Bogdan finally gave his premiere of \"Svirci moji\". Since then, it has become a regular song in his repertoire. Krunoslav Slabinac and Zlatni Dukati also recorded their version of this song, which became a tamburitza classic.\nDuring the past years, Zvonko Bogdan has written a few Croatian patriotic songs such as \"Otvori prozor\" (Open the Window), \"Od Konavala pa do Zagore\" (From Konavle to the Hinterland), \"Markova čežnja\" (Marcus' Longing). In May 2003, at the Brodfest, an annual tamburitza festival held in Slavonski Brod, Zvonko Bogdan won the Hand of Freedom Award for the song \"Od Konavala pa do Zagore\". The song lyrics were declared the most patriotic lyrics written for the Croatian tamburitza scene in 2002.", "", "Biseri narodne muzike (with Janika Balaž orchestra) \nReleased: April 22, 1971\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nZvonko Bogdan \nReleased: October 15, 1972\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nZvonko Bogdan i orkestar Šandora Lakatoša (with Šandor Lakatoš orchestra) \nReleased: December 4, 1973\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nZvonko Bogdan peva za Vas \nReleased: October 8, 1974\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nŠto se bore misli moje \nReleased: March 19, 1976\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nZvonko Bogdan (with the Tamburica orchestra of RTV Novi Sad conducted by Janika Balaž) \nReleased: January 10, 1980\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nZvonko Bogdan i tamburaški orkestar Janike Balaža (with Janika Balaž orchestra) \nReleased: June 6, 1981\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nPesme i pesnici (with the Tamburica orchestra of RTV Novi Sad conducted by Janika Balaž) \nReleased: February 15, 1984\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nLegolas \nReleased: June 22, 1984\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nSvaku ženu volim ja (with Julija Bisak and \"Veseli Vojvođani\" orchestra) \nReleased: June 20, 1988\nFormat: LP\nLabel: PGP RTB\n \nŽivot teče u laganom ritmu \nReleased: 2001\nFormat: CD\nLabel: Croatia Records\n \nŽivim život k'o skitnica \nReleased: 2002\nFormat: CD\nLabel: A Records, Sombor\n \nRariteti \nReleased: 2003\nFormat: CD\n \nUspomena na vreme koje se sigurno ponoviti neće \nReleased: 2004\nFormat: Double CD\n \nPanonija i ja \nReleased: 2005\nFormat: CD\nLabel: Vojvodina Music\n \nTko te ima, taj te nema \nReleased: 2007\nFormat: CD\nLabel: Croatia Records\n \nGodine su mnoge prošle (with Tamburica Orchestra \"Serbus\") \nReleased: 2008\nFormat: CD\nLabel: Manart & Serbus", "Zoran Panović (May 11, 2006). \"Bački meraklija\". Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on July 25, 2011.\nNebojša Mijalković (May 24, 2002). \"Veliki gospodin pesme\" (in Serbian). Balkanmedia.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2002.\nJovan Tanurdžić (December 30, 2006). \"Ono vreme što se vratit' neće!\" (in Serbian). Dnevnik. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013.\nP. Klajić (June 30, 2004). \"Tamburaši se vraćaju na Petrovaradinsku tvrđavu\" (in Serbian). Archived from the original on February 14, 2012.\n\"Raspevane sulke Zvonka Bogdana\" (in Serbian). Blic. January 17, 2005.\nHrvatski kasački derby\nCROREC\nNew Page 1 Archived July 21, 2006, at the Wayback Machine\nDogandžić, Aco (2000). Zvonko Bogdan: pesme i konji (in Serbian). Belgrade: Narodno delo. ISBN 86-489-0097-2.", "Tamburaland Artist of the month : Zvonko Bogdan\nZvonimir Bogdan's entry at Croatian Composer' Society, Collecting Society Database\n(in Croatian) XI Revija nove domoljubne pjesme Hrvatske – \"Brodfest 2003\" photo album including Zvonko Bogdan receiving \"Ruka slobode\" Award" ]

[ "Zvonko Bogdan", "Biography", "Influence", "Discography", "Albums", "Notes", "External links" ]

[ 5360655 ]

[ 27241063, 27241064, 27241065, 27241066, 27241067, 27241068, 27241069, 27241070, 27241071, 27241072, 27241073, 27241074, 27241075, 27241076, 27241077, 27241078, 27241079, 27241080 ]

[ "Zvonko Kalezic in 2016" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Zvonko_Kalezic_in_2016.jpg" ]

[ "Zvonko Kalezić (Serbian Cyrillic: Звонко Калезић, born 19 September 1957) is a Montenegrin retired football midfielder who played in several clubs in Yugoslav First and Second League.", "Born in Jastreb, a location within the municipality of Danilovgrad, he started playing in 1976 in the first-team of Budućnost Titograd. However, after spending two seasons without debuting in the league, he decided to accept a loan deal to OFK Titograd where his younger brother Vasilije was plying. They helped the club achieve promotion to the Yugoslav Second League and both Kalezić brothers stayed further one season at OFK Titograd.\nZvonko returned to Budućnost at summer 1980 and made one appearance with them in the 1980–81 Yugoslav First League. During the winter-break he moved to NK Čelik Zenica playing in the Yugoslav Second League. He played at Zenica until 1984 having been part of the generation that helped the club achieve the promotion to the First League in 1982–83, and played with them in top-league in 1983–84.\nIn summer 1984 he joined second-level side FK Novi Pazar. In the following years he will have spells in a number of clubs in the Yugoslav Second League, chronologically, FK Radnički Niš, FK Trepča, FK Ivangrad, FK Rudar Pljubija and FK Borac Banja Luka, before finishing his career by playing in lower-league side FK Mornar.", "Note: 15 (4) are stats referring only to the 1979/89 season, missing the ones from 1978/79 OFK Titograd played in third level.\n\"Asovi Yu-Fudbala\" page 46 (in Serbian)\nStats from Yugoslav FIrst and Second Leagues at zerodic.com", "Zvonko Kalezić at WorldFootball.net\nZvonko Kalezić at FootballDatabase.eu" ]

[ "Zvonko Kalezić", "Club career", "References", "External links" ]

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