Datasets:

PaulLerner

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evqa_wikipedia

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Wiesm%C3%BChle_03.JPG" ]

[ "The Zusam is a river in Bavaria, Germany and a right tributary of the Danube. Its source is just north of the village of Könghausen, in the Unterallgäu district of Bavaria. It flows north for approximately 97 km, before converging into the Danube near the town of Donauwörth.\nTowns and villages along the Zusam include Obergessertshausen, Memmenhausen, Muttershofen, Ziemetshausen, Dinkelscherben, Fleinhausen, Zusmarshausen, Zusamzell, Wertingen, Frauenstetten, and Buttenwiesen.", "Complete table of the Bavarian Waterbody Register by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (xls, 10.3 MB)" ]

[ "Zusam", "References" ]

[ 5360202 ]

[ 27239092 ]

[ "Church of Saint Martin" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Zusamaltheim_St._Martin_105.jpg" ]

[ "Zusamaltheim is a municipality in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria in Germany. The town is a member of the municipal association Wertingen.", "The mayor is Stephan Lutz, elected in March 2020.", "Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden, Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik, 15 July 2021.\n\"Tabellenblatt \"Daten 2\", Statistischer Bericht A1200C 202041 Einwohnerzahlen der Gemeinden, Kreise und Regierungsbezirke\". Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung (in German). June 2021.", "VfL Zusamaltheim, local sports club" ]

[ "Zusamaltheim", "Mayor", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360203 ]

[ 27239093 ]

[ "A Japanese diagram explaining how to find the zusanli acupoint, which is located 4 fingers below the tibialis anterior muscle" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/HaraShimetaro-1941-Zusanri-St36.jpg" ]

[ "Zusanli (Chinese: 足三里, ST36) is an acupoint, a point of the skin that is stimulated, with various techniques, in the practice of acupuncture. It is located below the knee, on the tibialis anterior muscle, along the stomach meridian.", "Acupuncture of Zusanli induces local serotonin release. Furthermore, the stimulation of this acupoint is shown to decrease inflammation, as evidenced by decreased cytokines (including interleukin 6) and inhibition of edema in a rat model of inflammation involving carrageenan injection. Zusanli activation also improves insulin sensitivity and cerebral blood flow (an effect mediated by nitric oxide), while it decreases sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure.\nAn analgesic effect, mediated in part by nitric oxide as well, through the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an increase in endogenous opiates, muscarinic cholinergic receptors and serotonin receptors 5-HT1a and 5-HT3, was repeatedly evidenced.\nThe stimulation of Zusanli decreases the locomotor activity elicited by nicotine administration and decreases Fos-like immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia (e.g., the striatum, particularly the nucleus accumbens) in a rat model of nicotine sensitisation. Those changes in the basal ganglia also improve the alcohol withdrawal syndrome in similar experimental conditions.", "List of acupuncture points", "Dimitrov, N; Atanasova, D; Tomov, N; Sivrev, D; Lazarov, N (2017). \"Acupuncture causes serotonin release by mast cells\". Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology. 58 (3): 961–968. PMID 29250675.\nChae Y, Hong MS, Kim GH, et al. (2007). \"Protein array analysis of cytokine levels on the action of acupuncture in carrageenan-induced inflammation\". Neurol. Res. 29 Suppl 1: S55–8. doi:10.1179/016164107X172365. PMID 17359642.\nChang SL, Lin KJ, Lin RT, Hung PH, Lin JG, Cheng JT (2006). \"Enhanced insulin sensitivity using electroacupuncture on bilateral Zusanli acupoints (ST 36) in rats\". Life Sci. 79 (10): 967–71. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.005. PMID 16762373.\nHsieh CL, Chang QY, Lin IH, et al. (2006). \"The study of electroacupuncture on cerebral blood flow in rats with and without cerebral ischemia\". Am. J. Chin. Med. 34 (2): 351–61. doi:10.1142/S0192415X06003886. PMID 16552844.\nMichikami D, Kamiya A, Kawada T, et al. (2006). \"Short-term electroacupuncture at Zusanli resets the arterial baroreflex neural arc toward lower sympathetic nerve activity\". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 291 (1): H318–26. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00975.2005. PMID 16501021.\nKim EH, Park HJ, Lee H, et al. (2007). \"Analgesic effects by electroacupuncture were decreased in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice\". Neurol. Res. 29 Suppl 1: S28–31. doi:10.1179/016164107X172257. PMID 17359637.\nKim SK, Moon HJ, Na HS, et al. (2006). \"The analgesic effects of automatically controlled rotating acupuncture in rats: mediation by endogenous opioid system\". The Journal of Physiological Sciences. 56 (3): 259–62. doi:10.2170/physiolsci.SC002706. PMID 16839460.\nJung JY, Yang HR, Jeong YJ, et al. (2006). \"Effects of acupuncture on c-Fos expression in brain after noxious tooth stimulation of the rat\". Am. J. Chin. Med. 34 (6): 989–1003. doi:10.1142/S0192415X06004466. PMID 17163588.\nChae Y, Yang CH, Kwon YK, et al. (2004). \"Acupuncture attenuates repeated nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the rat\". Neurosci. Lett. 358 (2): 87–90. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.121. PMID 15026155.\nKim JH, Chung JY, Kwon YK, et al. (2005). \"Acupuncture reduces alcohol withdrawal syndrome and c-Fos expression in rat brain\". Am. J. Chin. Med. 33 (6): 887–96. doi:10.1142/S0192415X0500348X. PMID 16355445." ]

[ "Zusanli", "Therapeutic uses and scientific validation", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360204 ]

[ 27239094, 27239095, 27239096, 27239097, 27239098, 27239099, 27239100, 27239101, 27239102 ]

[ "Zuschendorf castle." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Zuschendorf_%2807%29_2006-07-17.JPG" ]

[ "Zuschendorf is a village in the municipality of Pirna in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district of Saxony, Germany. It was incorporated into Pirna in 1923. The place was mentioned for the first time in 1378. It lies in the valley of the river Seidewitz, 4 km southwest of Pirna town centre, on the road to Liebstadt.\nIn 1553, a castle was built there, where the von Carlowitz and von Bünau families lived for many years. The baroque-style church was built in 1560 and has been a part of the castle since the Thirty Years' War. During the communist years of East Germany, a notorious antique dealer occupied the castle. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the rundown castle that should have been torn down was luckily spared. The premises has been cleaned and now has an outstanding garden of hortensia, bonsai, ivy and camellia.", "Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen", "Landschloß and botanical gardens Zuschendorf" ]

[ "Zuschendorf", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360205 ]

[ 27239103 ]

[ "", "Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/69/Logo_of_the_Zuse_Institute_Berlin.png", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Freie_Universitaet_Berlin_-_Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum_fuer_Informationstechnik_Berlin_-_Campus_1.jpg" ]

[ "The Zuse Institute Berlin (abbreviated ZIB, or Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin) is a research institute for applied mathematics and computer science on the campus of Freie Universität Berlin in Dahlem, Berlin, Germany.\nThe ZIB was founded by law as a statutory establishment and as a non-university research institute of the State of Berlin in 1984. In close interdisciplinary cooperation with the Berlin universities and scientific institutions Zuse Institute implements research and development in the field of information technology with a particular focus on application-oriented algorithmic mathematics and practical computer science. ZIB also provides high-performance computer capacity as an accompanying service as part of the Network of high performance computers in Northern Germany (Norddeutscher Verbund von Hoch- und Höchstleistungsrechnern (HLRN)).\nKonrad Zuse, born in Berlin in 1910, is the namesake of the ZIB.", "SCIP (Solving Constraint Integer Programs) is a mixed integer programming solver and a framework for branch and cut and branch and price, developed primarily at Zuse Institute Berlin. Unlike most commercial solvers, SCIP gives the user low-level control of and information about the solving process. Run as a standalone solver, it is one of the fastest non-commercial solvers for mixed integer programs.\nSCIP is implemented as C callable library.\nFor user plugins, C++ wrapper classes are provided.\nThe solver for the LP relaxations is not a native component of SCIP, an open LP interface is provided instead.\nCurrently supported LP solvers are CLP, CPLEX, MOSEK, SoPlex, and Xpress.\nSCIP can be run on Linux, Mac, Sun, and Windows operating systems.", "The design of SCIP is based on the notion of constraints. It supports about 20 constraint types for mixed-integer linear programming, mixed-integer nonlinear programming, mixed-integer all-quadratic programming and Pseudo-Boolean optimization. It can also solve Steiner Trees and multi-objective optimization problems.", "There are several native interface libraries available for SCIP. SCIP can be accessed through the modeling system of GAMS. Interfaces to MATLAB and AMPL are available within the standard distribution. There are also currently two externalized interfaces for Python and Java.", "Mixed Integer Linear Programming Benchmark Mar 18, 2012.\nPseudo-Boolean challenge 2009 Feb 11, 2011.\nA Generic Approach to Solving the Steiner Tree Problem and Variants Nov 9, 2015.\nPolySCIP Aug 15, 2016.\nSCIP-Interfaces Aug 15, 2016.", "Achterberg, Tobias (2007), Constraint Integer Programming, ISBN 978-3-89963-892-9.", "Homepage Zuse Institute Berlin" ]

[ "Zuse Institute Berlin", "SCIP (optimization software)", "Features", "Interfaces", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 5360206 ]

[ 27239104, 27239105, 27239106, 27239107 ]

[ "Zusha River in Mtsensk", "" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Mtsensk_view_on_Zusha_River_and_the_town.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Russia_rel_location_map.png" ]

[ "The Zusha (Russian: Зуша) is a river in Tula and Oryol Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Oka. The length of the river is 234 km. The area of its basin is 6,950 km². The Zusha freezes up in early December and stays icebound until late March. The Neruch is its biggest tributary. The Zusha is navigable from Mtsensk.", "«Река ЗУША», Russian State Water Registry\n\"River Zusha\". The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 1979." ]

[ "Zusha", "Notes and references" ]

[ 5360207 ]

[ 27239108 ]

[ "Book by Rabbi Zoussia of Anapoli, \"Menorat Zahav\" (Candelabra of Gold). Edition from 1902", "Mausoleum in Hanipol where he is buried", "" ]

[ 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Menorat_zahav.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Mausoleum_with_Zusha_of_Hanipol%2C_Dov_Ber_of_Mezeritch.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Tombstone_of_Zusha_of_Hanipol.jpg" ]

[ "Rabbi Meshulam Zusha of Hanipol or Meshulum Zusil of Anipoli (1718–1800), Reb Zusha, Reb Zushe, The Rebbe Reb Zusha (sometimes spelled Zushye, Zusil, Zoussia, Zušya, Zushya, Zushia, Zisha of Anipoli) was an early Hasidic luminary and well-known tzaddik. He was one of the great Hasidic Rebbes of the third generation and member of the academy circle of the Maggid of Mezeritch.", "Rabbi Zusha was the brother of Rebbe Elimelech of Lizhensk; Rabbi Elimelech was the elder by about 1 year. Both of them were born in the city of Tykocin (Podlaskie), to Reb Eliezer Lipa(e), who was the son of the great Torah scholar Rabbi Elimelech (whom Rebbe Elimelech was named after). Rabbi Meshulam Zusha was named after his mother's father, also a great Torah scholar.\nBoth Rabbi Zusha of Hanipol and Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk became prominent disciples of the holy Maggid of Mezeritch, part of his inner circle of students, known as the Chevraya Kadisha (\"Holy Brotherhood\"), together with other great tzaddikim such as Rabbi Nachum of Czernobyl, Rabbi Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev, Rabbi Aharon (HaGadol) of Karlin, Rabbi Shmuel (Shmelke) of Nikolsburg, Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk, and Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi.\nRabbi Zusha was known for his deep emotional approach towards prayer and his great piety.\nHe was one of the two rabbis, together with Reb Leib HaKohen, with whom Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi consulted with before printing the Tanya in 1797. Both gave their approval.\nRabbi Zusha did not write any books, but his teachings were collected in the Menorat Zahav, based on the memories of his students.", "His Yahrtzeit is on 2 Shevat. He was buried beside his master and teacher, the Maggid of Mezeritch, in Hannopil.\nHe was succeeded by his son Rabbi Tzvi Menachem Mendel.", "Before Rabbi Zusha and his brother Rabbi Elimelech were born, their parents were childless for 10 years. Both their parents descended from Torah scholars, but because they became orphans at a very early age, both remained unlearned, simple but God-fearing Jews. The father was a water-carrier. Although he could have become a merchant, he preferred to live by the toil of his own hands. At first he had some rich customers, but then he exchanged them with another water-carrier in order to be able to supply the local synagogues with water. This meant a financial loss for him and he became poor. But as a reward for his good deed God blessed Reb Eliezer Lippa and his wife, who always readily supported her husband, with two sons, later to become great Tzaddikim. At first the children were physically weak, and although Reb Eliezer Lippa and his wife hired the best Torah teachers to teach them, they weren't making much progress. That grieved the parents, so they increased their prayers to God, often fasted and gave their meals to poor people as Tzedakah. God answered their sincere prayers and when the boys expressed their desire to go to a Yeshiva to continue their studies, they readily agreed. After their parents sent their sons to a yeshiva in another city, they took two poor Torah-students from Tarnow in their house in order to take care of them and support their studies. Reb Eliezer continued to earn his living as a water-carrier. One Friday he found a fish by the river and brought it home and as his wife was preparing the fish to be eaten on Shabbat, she found a precious stone in its stomach. She and her husband, knowing about a similar story which occurred centuries earlier with a Jew in France named Yitzhak, later to become the father of Rashi, they were upset that this could be a test from Heaven and decided not to change their live-style, to sell the stone (after consulting the local Rabbi in order to be sure that they are permitted according to Halakha to keep the stone) and to distribute the money for Tzedakah, thus remaining poor. Soon good news came - their older son, Rabbi Elimelech had married the daughter of a wealthy man, who was ready to support his Torah study and both Rabbi Elimelech and Rabbi Zusha were making great progress and had become scholars. Strange enough afterwards Reb Eliezer Lippa found another treasure by the river, but once again he and his wife decided to give the gold coins he found as a Tzedakah. Some time later a wealthy relative of Reb Eliezer died and Reb Eliezer and his wife inherited his estate thus becoming wealthy themselves. By this time their sons had become both prominent Tzaddikim and great scholars. Reb Eliezer Lippa and his wife lived many long and happy years continuing to support poor Jews and Torah scholars until the end of their days.\nVarious stories are being told about the long journeys of the two brothers Rabbi Zusha and Rabbi Elimelech. Rabbi Noach of Kobryn once heard that Chassidus managed to spread only in those areas through which they both traveled. \"Where Rabbi Zusha and Rabbi Elimelech haven't been, there are no Chassidim.\"\nA man once visited the holy Maggid of Mezeritch and said he had great difficulties applying the Talmudic saying that \"A person is supposed to bless God for the bad just as he blesses Him for the good\". The Maggid told him to find the Maggid's disciple Reb Zusha of Hanipoli and ask him. The man went and found Rabbi Zusha, who received him friendly and invited him to his home. When the guest came in, he saw how poor the family was, there was almost nothing to eat, they were beset with afflictions and illnesses. Nevertheless, Rabbi Zusha was always happy and cheerful. The guest was astonished at this picture. He said: \"I went to the Holy Maggid to ask him how is it possible to bless God for the bad He send us the same way as we bless Him for the good, and The Maggid told me only you can help me in this matter.\" Rabbi Zusha said: \"This is indeed a very interesting question. But why did our holy Rebbe send you to me? How would I know? He should have sent you to someone who has experienced suffering.\"\nRabbi Zusha once said: \"I learned seven things from the thief: 1) What he does, he keeps to himself. 2) He is willing to take risks to attain his goal. 3) He does not distinguish between \"major\" and \"minor\" things, but takes equally exacting care of each and every detail. 4) He invests great effort in what he does. 5) He is swift. 6) He is always optimistic. 7) If at first he fails, he is back time and again for another try.\"\nIt is told that when Zusha was a young orphan, he used to study the Torah with Rashi's commentary, and when he came across a Rashi that he didn't understand, he used to cry a long time, until Rashi himself came to him and explained it to him.\nOnce Rabbi Zusha was in a class taught by the Maggid of Mezeritch. The Maggid began the class with a commonplace verse from the Torah: \"And God spoke to Moses...\" Just these few words were enough to excite and astonish Rabbi Zusha. He exclaimed \"God spoke... GOD spoke... God SPOKE!\" over and over until he had to be removed from the classroom due to the disruption he was causing.\nWhen Rabbi Zusha was on his deathbed, his students found him in uncontrollable tears. They tried to comfort him by telling him that he was almost as wise as Moses and as kind as Abraham, so he was sure to be judged positively in Heaven. He replied, \"When I get to Heaven, I will not be asked Why weren't you like Moses, or Why weren't you like Abraham. They will ask, Why weren't you like Zusha?\" Why didn't he fully live up to his own potential?", "Anipoli (Hasidic dynasty)", "Karp, Aliza. \"I LOVE MY LAND\". Op-Ed December 31, 2007. crownheights.info. Retrieved 24 January 2013.\n\"Rabbi Zushia of Anipoli Where are We Going?? A Chassidic Story about Rebbe Zushia\". March 1999 Passover Edition of the Jewish Magazine. Jewish Magazine. Retrieved 24 January 2013.\n\"Yahrtzeit: The Rebbe Reb Zisha of Anipoli (Shvat 2)\". Thursday, January 26, 2012. Damesek, Milvaukee, Viskonsin. 26 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2013.\nBergman, Ozer. \"A Chassidic Story\". Breslov Kids November 13, 2011. Breslov Research Institute. Retrieved 24 January 2013.\nEncyclopedia of Hasidim,Tzvi Rabinowicz\n\"Tzadikim\". rabbishimon.com. Retrieved May 17, 2020.\nRebbe Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn as quoted by Rabbi Sholom B. Wineberg in \"Reb Elimelech and Reb Zushya\", available as an mp3 on: \"Reb Elimelech and Reb Zushya II\". Archived from the original on October 6, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.\nBUBER, MARTIN: \"Die Erzählungen der Chassidim\", Manesse Zürich 1949, P.380\nChaBaD.org: \"Perspective\" on \"Perspective\". Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2010.\nChaBaD.org: Daily Quote\nTales of the Hasidim, Martin Buber, \"Early Masters\" pp. 236-237, under R. Zusya. See also Botzina Kadisha (A. Meshulam Zissel Lipman), Torah 16, page 8.", "Information about Rabbi Meshulam Zusha of Hanipol on ChaBaD.org\nAbout Reb Zusha on nehora.com\nA story about Reb Zusha told by Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh" ]

[ "Zusha of Hanipol", "Biography", "Death", "Stories about Rabbi Zusha of Hanipol", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360208 ]

[ 27239109, 27239110, 27239111, 27239112, 27239113, 27239114, 27239115, 27239116, 27239117, 27239118, 27239119, 27239120, 27239121, 27239122, 27239123, 27239124, 27239125, 27239126, 27239127, 27239128, 27239129 ]

[ "Station platform, 2021", "The north entrance, July 2020" ]

[ 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Zushi_Hayama_Station_June_6_2021_various.jpeg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Zushi%E3%83%BBHayama_station_01.jpg" ]

[ "Zushi·Hayama Station (逗子・葉山駅, Zushi-Hayama-eki) is a railway station on the Keikyu Zushi Line in Zushi, Kanagawa, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Keikyu.", "Zushi·Hayama Station is the southern terminus of the Keikyu Zushi Line, and is located 5.9 km from the junction at Kanazawa-hakkei Station, and 46.8 km from Shinagawa Station in Tokyo.", "Zushi·Hayama Station has a single side platform serving bi-directional traffic.", "", "Zushi·Hayama Station opened on 2 February 1985.\nZushi·Hayama station was renamed from Shinzushi Station (新逗子駅, Shinzushi-eki) on 14 March 2020. The name was being changed to reflect the station's location near Hayama, a popular commuter and seaside resort town.", "In fiscal 2011, the station was used by an average of 22,990 passengers daily.", "Zushi Station (JR East Yokosuka Line)\nZushi City Office\nZushi Kaisei Junior & Senior High School\nSeimaria Primary School", "Terada, Hirokazu (19 January 2013). データブック日本の私鉄 [Databook: Japan's Private Railways]. Japan: Neko Publishing. p. 233. ISBN 978-4-7770-1336-4.\n\"2020年3月に4駅の駅名を変更します\" (in Japanese). 京浜急行電鉄. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.\n\"Zushi Kaisei Junior & Senior High School\". Official website (in Japanese). 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.\n\"Seimaria Primary School\". Official website (in Japanese). 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2014.", "Keikyu station information (in Japanese)" ]

[ "Zushi·Hayama Station", "Lines", "Station layout", "Platforms", "History", "Passenger statistics", "Surrounding area", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360209 ]

[ 27239130, 27239131, 27239132 ]

[ "Zushi Station forecourt in January 2014", "", "" ]

[ 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Zushi_Station_forecourt_20140121.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Zushi_Station_west_entrance_20041110.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Zushi_Station_west_entrance_20140121.JPG" ]

[ "Zushi Station (逗子駅, Zushi-eki) is a passenger railway station on the Yokosuka Line in Zushi, Kanagawa, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).", "Zushi Station is served by the Yokosuka Line and also by Shōnan-Shinjuku Line through services. It lies 8.4 kilometers from the junction at Ōfuna Station, and 57.8 kilometers from Tokyo Station.\nThe station is also used by rolling stock delivered from the J-TREC factory in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama via a JR Freight connecting line immediately south of the station.", "Zushi Station has an island platform and a side platform serving three tracks. Platform 1 is used for trains which originate or terminate at Zushi. The platforms are connected by two overpasses. The station has entrances on the north and south sides, designated \"west\" and \"east\" respectively. In August 2007, escalator and elevator facilities were completed and a new overpass was opened on the eastern (Higashi-Zushi) side. The west exit was moved somewhat to the west.\nThere is a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office, automatic ticket vending machines, reserved ticket vending machines, automatic ticket gates, and automatic fare adjustment machines. Also, in the station, outside the ticket gates, there is a Newdays convenience store and a kōban (police box).", "15-car Yokosuka Line trains bound for Kurihama have to split into 11-car and 4-car segments, as the section between Higashi-Zushi and Kurihama only allow at most 11-car trains (10-car at Taura), with the 11-car segment continuing onwards to Kurihama.", "Zushi Station opened on June 16, 1889. The present station building, the third building on this site was completed in March 1969. The station came under the management of JR East upon the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. Shonan-Shinjuku Line services started on 1 December 2001.", "In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 28,798 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.", "Zushi·Hayama Station (■ Keikyu Zushi Line)\nZushi City Hall\nSeiwa Gakuin Junior & Senior High School\nZushi Kasei Junior & Senior High School", "List of railway stations in Japan", "郷田, 恒雄 (November 2012). \"車扱列車を見てみよう！１０\" [Watching Carload Freight Trains (10)]. Japan Railfan Magazine. Vol. 52 no. 619. Japan: Kōyūsha Co., Ltd. pp. 76–79.\nZushi Station information. Retrieved on 13 October 2008. (in Japanese)\n各駅の乗車人員 (2019年度) [Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2019)] (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.\n各駅の乗車人員 (2000年度) [Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2000)] (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 2001. Retrieved 17 November 2015.\n各駅の乗車人員 (2005年度) [Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2005)] (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 2006. Retrieved 17 November 2015.\n各駅の乗車人員 (2010年度) [Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2010)] (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2015.\n神奈川県県勢要覧（平成28年度 [Kanagawa Prefecture official statistics (fiscal 2010)] (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan: Kanagawa Prefecture. Retrieved 26 March 2021.", "Media related to Zushi Station at Wikimedia Commons\nZushi Station information (in Japanese)" ]

[ "Zushi Station", "Lines", "Station layout", "Platforms", "History", "Passenger statistics", "Surrounding area", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360210, 5360211, 5360212 ]

[ 27239133, 27239134, 27239135, 27239136, 27239137, 27239138, 27239139 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Zusho_Hirosato.jpg" ]

[ "Zusho Hirosato (調所 広郷, March 24, 1776 – January 13, 1849) was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period, who served as karō of the Satsuma Domain. He was also known as Shōzaemon (笑左衛門).", "Zusho was born in the Kagoshima castle town in 1776, the son of Satsuma samurai Kawasaki Motoaki. At age 12 he was adopted by Zusho Kiyonobu; at 22, he was sent to Edo as a tea assistant to the retired lord of Satsuma, Shimazu Shigehide. Shigehide recognized Zusho's talents, and gave him further responsibilities. He was later employed by the Satsuma lord, Shimazu Narioki, serving Narioki as messenger and city magistrate; he was also involved with Satsuma's illicit trade with the Qing Empire and the west, via the Ryukyu Islands. In 1832, he was elevated to karō status; six years later he formally received the rank of karō. As karō, he was involved with finance, agriculture, and military reform.\nAt the time, the Satsuma domain's debt totaled over 5 million ryō. In order to address this problem, he began a program of administrative and agricultural reforms, and levied a no-interest loan on the merchants of Satsuma, to be repaid over the course of 250 years. This means that the domain had promised to repay the loan from then until 2085; however, with the breakup of the domains in 1872, the Meiji government declared this debt to be invalid. Zusho also increased the level of illicit trade taking place with the Qing Empire, via the Ryukyu Islands. Zusho also put a monopoly system in place on the local sugar trade, and increased trade and production levels; by 1840, this had produced a 2,500,000 ryō surplus for the Satsuma domain.\nHowever, Zusho soon became embroiled in the dispute over who would succeed Narioki: his eldest son Nariakira, or Nariakira's half-brother Hisamitsu. Narioki and Zusho's preference was Hisamitsu; Zusho was also worried that Nariakira, interested in western things as Shigehide had been, would ruin the domain's finances, which he had worked so hard to restore.\nNariakira, aiming to remove his political enemies Narioki and Zusho from power, secretly revealed the illicit Ryukyu trade to the rōjū, Abe Masahiro. In 1848, while Zusho was in Edo, he was summoned by Abe for an inquiry into the secret trade. Soon after this trade was revealed, Zusho died suddenly in one of the Satsuma residences in Edo; he is believed to have either committed seppuku or taken poison, in order to protect Narioki from further endangerment. His age at death was 73. After Zusho's death, his family had its residence, income, and status confiscated by Nariakira. Zusho's grave is located at Fukushōji temple, in modern Kagoshima City.", "In the Bakumatsu period, the Satsuma domain was unlike most other domains in Japan, as it possessed large numbers of steam-driven warships and cannons. This is almost miraculous, given that only one generation previously, the domain was over 5 million ryō in debt; Satsuma's annual income barely exceeded 120,000 to 140,000 ryō. It is thanks to Zusho Hirosato's budget-balancing efforts that this level of military buildup was possible for Satsuma.\nA statue of Zusho now stands at Tenpōzan Park in Kagoshima City.", "(in Japanese) Japanese Wiki article on Zusho", "Sagers, John H. Origins of Japanese Wealth and Power : Reconciling Confucianism and Capitalism, 1830-1885. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.", "(in Japanese) \"History of Zusho\"" ]

[ "Zusho Hirosato", "Biography", "Legacy", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 5360213 ]

[ 27239140, 27239141, 27239142, 27239143, 27239144, 27239145, 27239146, 27239147 ]

[ "Zusmarshausen seen from the southwest", "Wooden hut with bench" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Zusmarshausen_v_SW.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Zusmarshausen-Holzh%C3%BCtte_mit_Sitzbank%2C_Einladung_Hock_di_na.jpg" ]

[ "Zusmarshausen is a municipality in the district of Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. The 1648 Battle of Zusmarshausen took place here.\nIt lies on the river Zusam and is a part of the Augsburg Western Woods Nature Park. Its districts are Friedensdorf, Gabelbach, Gabelbachergreut, Steinekirch, Streitheim, Vallried, Wollbach, Wörleschwang and Zusmarshausen itself.", "The local council has 20 members (Elections in March 2014):\nCSU: 8 seats\nWählergruppe Freie Wählervereinigung: 7 seats\nSPD/Aktives Bürgerforum: 5 seats\nBernhard Uhl has served as the mayor of Zusmarshausen since 2014 and was reelected on 15 March 2020 with 63.6% of votes cast. Uhl's predecessor as mayor of Zusmarshausen was Albert Lettinger (FWV) (1996–2014).", "Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden, Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik, 15 July 2021.\n\"Tabellenblatt \"Daten 2\", Statistischer Bericht A1200C 202041 Einwohnerzahlen der Gemeinden, Kreise und Regierungsbezirke\". Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik (in German). June 2021. \n\"Markt Zusmarshausen\" (in German). Markt Zusmarshausen. Click at \"Zusmarshausen und seine Ortsteile\". Retrieved 14 October 2018.\n\"Das Wahlergebnis – Danke für Ihr Vertrauen!\". Retrieved 13 March 2022." ]

[ "Zusmarshausen", "Local council (Marktgemeinderat)", "References" ]

[ 5360214, 5360215 ]

[ 27239148, 27239149 ]

[ "Original Zust logo", "A 1912 28 hp model", "The 1906 Züst which took third place in the 1908 Race Around the World." ]

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

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[ "Zust (originally Züst) was an Italian car manufacturing company operating from 1905 to 1917.\nThe company was founded by engineer Roberto Züst, an Italian industrialist of Swiss origin, who owned a precision tool manufacturing plant at Intra, near Lago Maggiore (formerly the Guller & Croff iron foundry). Züst experimented with prototypes of cars from around 1900 on and in Milan in 1905, he founded the Zust company for manufacturing cars and commercial vehicles. His first models were huge and expensive machines propelled by four-cylinder engines from 7432 cc (454cuin) to 11308 cc (690cuin). These were joined by a slightly smaller 5-litre (305cuin) model in 1908. A Zust 28/45 HP participated in the 1908 New York to Paris Race and finished third. Giustino Cattaneo (later of Isotta Fraschini) worked for him.\nIn 1906 Züst decided to also make smaller cars, so with his five sons he founded a new company known as Brixia-Zust in the city of Brescia. (Zust and Brixia-Zust are often confused). Due to financial problems, Brixia-Zust closed down in 1912; the Milan factory was sold and production of Zust cars concentrated in Brescia, where production continued until 1914. The last new models, the 15/25 HP or 2S 365 (2592 cc/158cuin) and the 25/35 or S305 (4712  cc/288cuin), appeared in 1913.\nOn October 1, 1917, the company was taken over by Officine Meccaniche of Milan, who continued to make the S305 until 1923 under their own name.", "Brixia-Zust (originally Brixia-Züst) was an Italian car manufacturer also founded by engineer Roberto Züst, owner of Zust of Milan, and his sons. The company was situated in Brescia, Northern Italy; Brixia is the antique Latin for Brescia. The company made racing cars that participated in Targa Florio, an open road race in Sicily.\nThe most interesting model was the 10 hp in 1909, propelled by a three-cylinder 1495 cc engine. Car production ended—due to financial difficulties—in 1912. In 1918, after Officine Meccaniche took over the Zust company, the Brescia facilities were used.", "Charles Lam Markmann; Mark Sherwin (2014). The Book of Sports Cars - (United States and Italy. Edizioni Savine. ISBN 9788896365465. Retrieved 27 March 2020.\nCavaliere, David (11 May 2016). \"Part 13 – Brixia-Zust and Zust\". The Italian Tribune. Retrieved 27 March 2020.\n\"OCEAN MOTOR RACE PLAN OF ITALIANS; Manufacturers Enthusiastic Over Work of Zust Car in Paris Auto Race. BOATS TO CROSS ATLANTIC Race Is Intended as an Exhaustive Test of the Italian Type of Motor Engine\". The New York Times. 22 February 1908. Retrieved 27 March 2020.\n\"Today in History: The Great New York to Paris Automobile Race Beings\". Onondaga Historical Association. 12 February 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2020.", "http://www.targaflorio.info/zust.htm (in Italian)\nFor Brixia-Zust:\nhttp://targaflorio.info/brixiazust.htm (in Italian)\nhttps://web.archive.org/web/20040703151451/http://www.ideahobby.it/DB-Auto/brixia_zust.html (in Italian)" ]

[ "Zust", "Brixia-Zust", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360216, 5360217, 5360218 ]

[ 27239150, 27239151, 27239152, 27239153 ]

[ "Memorial stone for Sister Bertken with map of demolished part of church. Choorstraat, Utrecht, NL." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Zuster_Bertken_leefde_hier.jpg" ]

[ "Zuster Bertken ('Sister Bertken') (1426 - June 25, 1514) was a Dutch anchorite.\nShe was born the illegitimate daughter of the canon priest Jacob van Lichtenberg. Her life before her enclosure is unknown, but she was evidently given a good education. In 1456 or 1457, with permission bishop David of Burgundy she let herself be enclosed in a cell as an anchorite at the Buurkerk in Utrecht. According to the description of her life, she lived an extremely ascetic life even for an anchorite. After her death, several songs and hymns were found among her belongings and published. Her songs described foremost her passion in her union with God and became popular. She was one of few Medieval Dutch women to become a part of the traditional Dutch literary canon. She is subject of the opera Suster Bertken (2010) by Rob Zuidam.\nBertken lived in a small cell adjacent to the Church of Utrecht for fifty-seven years until her death in 1514. Her daily activities were attending church from a window in her cell, meditation, prayer and writing. The only furniture in cell was a chair, desk and mattress. Berken never wore shoes and her diet excluded all dairy and meat products. \nBertken died on June 25, 1514.", "Wilson, Katharina M. (1991). An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers, Volume 1. Garland Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 0-8240-8547-7\nVan Kerckvoorde, Colette M. (1993). An Introduction to Middle Dutch. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 161. ISBN 3-11-013535-3\nNieuwenhove, Rik Van; Faesen, Rob; Rolfson, Helen. (2008). Late Medieval Mysticism of the Low Countries. Paulist Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-8091-0569-4" ]

[ "Zuster Bertken", "References" ]

[ 5360219 ]

[ 27239154, 27239155 ]

[ "Temporary USAAF Buildings at Asch Airfield (Y-29) Belgium 1945", "" ]

[ 4, 6 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Temporary_USAAF_Buildings_at_Asch_Airfield_Belgium_1945.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Fokker_Dr._I_%28117710246%29.jpg" ]

[ "Zutendaal Air Base (ICAO: EBSL) is a reserve Belgian Air Component base, located 4 mi (6.4 km) east-southeast of Genk (Limburg), approximately 50 mi (80 km) east-northeast of Brussels.", "The base is in reserve status, its primary use being to store retired Agusta helicopters. Since 2009, it has been open to limited civilian recreational flying; it is home to a gliding club, operating on the weekends.", "", "Zutendaal Air Base's origins date to March 1917 when it was originally constructed by the German Army Air Corps as \"Flieger Schießschule\". it was established for observers destined for artillery units. Near this airfield, the Germans selected a large heath area (between Houthalen, Genk, As, Peer and Opglabbeek) where they installed a firing range.\nAfter World War I, the name of the airfield was changed to Asch (as it was spelled at the time) and it became the Flying School of the Belgian Military Aviation, later in March 1920 called Aéronautique Militaire. Situated 2 km SW of the town centre of As, this school had a large 1100 by 800 metres grass airfield at its disposal and several metal hangars and brick support buildings. After the Flying School was abandoned in 1924, the airfield was closed to make room for the proposed construction of a canal, and moved to Wevelgem, the field gradually became a dense wooded area.", "In November 1944 a new airfield near the World War I aerodrome was constructed by the United States Army Air Forces IX Engineer Command, 852nd and 846th Engineer Aviation Battalions. Known as Advanced Landing Ground \"Y-29\", the airfield consisted of a single 5000 foot (1500m) Sod runway aligned 06/24. In addition, tents were erected for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump was created for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water; and a minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting was installed.\nAsch was home to North American P-51 Mustangs of the 352nd Fighter Group, Eighth Air Force (which included the 328th Fighter Squadron, led by George Preddy); and P-47 Thunderbolts from 366th Fighter Group, Ninth Air Force, from 19 November 1944 – 11 April 1945. The 406th Fighter Group, also flew from the airfield in P-47s from 8 February – 15 April 1945. The fighter planes flew support missions, patrolling roads in front of the beachhead; strafing German military vehicles and dropping bombs on gun emplacements, anti-aircraft artillery and concentrations of German troops when spotted.\nOn January 1, 1945, Asch airfield was the site of a major aerial battle during the Luftwaffe's Operation Bodenplatte. The Fw 190s and Bf 109s of JG-11 arrived at Asch just as the 487th FS of the 352nd FG were rolling down the runway, the ensuing battle came to be known as the Legend of Y-29 and encapsulated the failure of Operation Bodenplatte as a whole. The pilots of the 487th Fighter Squadron who took off did so under fire and in the face of overwhelming odds. The 487th scored 23 kills while suffering only 2 damaged aircraft in the face of 3:1 odds. For their performance the 487th received the only Distinguished Unit Citation given to a fighter squadron in the European theatre.\nWhen the fighter units moved out, the 391st Bombardment Group flew B-26 Marauder medium bombers from the airfield until 27 May 1945. With the end of the war in Europe, the airfield was closed on 20 June 1945.", "After the war, the airfield was taken over by the Belgian Air Force. It was later rebuilt into a permanent facility with hard surfaced runways and support buildings. Currently it is used by the Belgian Army as a storage depot.", "Advanced Landing Ground\nOperation Bodenplatte", " This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.\nEBSL – ZUTENDAAL (also PDF). AIP from Skeyes.\n\"852nd Engineer Aviation Battalion (EAB)\". IX Engineer Command. Retrieved 2012-08-29.\n\"846th Engineer Aviation Battalion (EAB)\". IX Engineer Command. Retrieved 2012-08-29.\n\"IX Engineer Command ETO Airfields, Airfield Layout\". Ixengineercommand.com. Retrieved 2012-08-29.\nMaurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.\nJohnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.", "The Wartime Memories Project - Y29 Asch \nAsch Airdrome" ]

[ "Zutendaal Air Base", "Overview", "History", "Origins", "World War II", "Belgian Air Force", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360220, 5360221 ]

[ 27239156, 27239157, 27239158, 27239159, 27239160, 27239161, 27239162, 27239163, 27239164, 27239165, 27239166, 27239167 ]

[ "The town hall of Zutkerque" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Zutkerque_%28Pas-de-Calais%29_mairie.JPG" ]

[ "Zudkerque (West Flemish: Zuidkerke) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.", "Zutkerque is located 11 miles (17 km) northwest of Saint-Omer, at the D226 road junction with the D191.", "Zutkerque had a castle in Roman times, known as the Promontory.\nMentioned for the first time in 1084, its name comes from Dutch and means \"South church\" (compare nearby Nortkerque).\nIn 1396, Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy stayed at the castle. The English occupied it in the year 1405. Louis XI took it back in 1477 and king Henry VII fought and won it again in 1488. Finally, in 1542 the French, under Antoine de Bourbon, duke of Vendôme, re-took it and completely destroyed the castle.\nIn May 1595, the village church was looted by the French. On 7 August 1635, a body of Spanish troops, from Saint-Omer, seized the town. In 1638, the French seized the village back again.", "", "The church of St.Martin, dating from the sixteenth century.\nThe ruins of the château de La Montoire, dating from the fourteenth century.", "Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file\nDes villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Zutkerque, EHESS. (in French)\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE\nHistorique des populations légales", "Official website of the commune of Zutkerque (in French)" ]

[ "Zutkerque", "Geography", "History", "Population", "Places of interest", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360222 ]

[ 27239168, 27239169, 27239170, 27239171 ]

[ "St Walpurga's Church in Zutphen", "", "\"Snaphaanschelling\" struck in Zutphen", "1649 map of Zutphen in Willem and Joan Blaeu's \"Toonneel der Steden\"", "Zutphen (1654)", "Topographic map of the city of Zutphen, 2014", "The IJssel river in Zutphen", "Zutphen's old city centre", "Port of Zutphen", "Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle, ca.1700", "Jan Brandts Buys, 1893", "Mirte Roelvink, 2011", "", "", "", "", "" ]

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[ "Zutphen ([ˈzʏtfə(n)] (listen)) is a city and municipality located in the province of Gelderland, Netherlands. It lies some 30 km northeast of Arnhem, on the eastern bank of the river IJssel at the point where it is joined by the Berkel. First mentioned in the 11th century, the place-name appears to mean \"south fen\" (zuid-veen in modern Dutch). In 2005, the municipality of Zutphen was merged with the municipality of Warnsveld, retaining its name. In 2019, the municipality had a population of 47,609.", "In about 300 AD, a Germanic settlement was the first permanent town on a complex of the low river dunes. Whereas many such settlements were abandoned in the early Middle Ages, Zutphen, on its strategic confluence of IJssel and Berkel, stayed. After the incorporation of the IJssel lands in Charlemagne's Francia, Zutphen became a local centre of governance under the Count of Zutphen. The Normans raided and ravaged it in 882. Afterwards, a circular fortress was built to protect the budding town against Viking attacks.\nIn the eleventh century, Zutphen was a royal residence for a number of years; a pfalz was built, together with a large chapter church, the predecessor of the present St. Walburgis. The counts of Zutphen acquired a lot of power until the line of counts became extinct in the twelfth century. After the death of her father and her brother, Ermengarde, the heiress of Zutphen married the count of Guelders; her son Henry I, Count of Guelders was the first to wear both titles.\nThe settlement received town rights between 1191 and 1196, making it one of the oldest towns in the country. This allowed it to self govern and have a judicial court. Only Utrecht, and Deventer preceded it in receiving town rights. Zutphen, in turn, became the mother town of several other towns in Guelders, such as Arnhem, Doetinchem, Doesburg, Lochem, Harderwijk, Venlo and Emmerich. It also became part of the Hanseatic League, a group of towns with great wealth; this league was the economic centre in that part of Europe.\nDuring the 12th century, coins were minted in Zutphen by the Counts of Guelders and Zutphen: Henry I (c. 1150–1181) and Otto I (1182–1207). Although the city had minting rights for a few centuries, this was only actively used during four periods: 1478–1480, 1582–1583, 1604–1605 and 1687–1692.\nThe largest and oldest church of the city is the St. Walburgis (Saint Walpurga) church, which originally dates from the eleventh century. The present Gothic building contains monuments of the former counts of Zutphen, a fourteenth-century candelabrum, an elaborate copper font (1527), and a monument to the Van Heeckeren family (1700). The chapter-house's library (Librije) contains a pre-Reformation collection, including some valuable manuscripts and incunabula. It is considered one of only five remaining medieval libraries in Europe (in England and Italy). This chained library's books are still chained to their ancient wooden desk – a custom from centuries ago, when the \"public library\" used chains to prevent theft.\nHaving been fortified, the town withstood several sieges, especially during the Eighty Years' War, the most celebrated fight under its walls being the Battle of Zutphen in September 1586 when Sir Philip Sidney was mortally wounded. Taken by the Spanish in 1587 by the treachery of the English commander Rowland York, Zutphen was recovered by Maurice, Prince of Orange, in the 1591 siege, and except for two short periods, one in 1672 and the other during the French Revolutionary Wars, it has since then remained a part of the Netherlands. Its fortifications were dismantled in 1874. In World War II, the town was bombed several times by the allied forces because the bridge over the IJssel was vital to support the German troops at Arnhem after the Operation Market Garden. After two weeks of battle, the town was liberated on 14 April 1945. After the war, a renovation program started. Nowadays, Zutphen has one of the best-preserved medieval town centres of northwestern Europe, including the remains of the medieval town wall and a few hundred buildings dating from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries.", "The old center survived the Second World War almost in its entirety. However, some parts of the city were lost, especially the area around the railway station, in the northern part of the city centre, known as the Nieuwstad (English: New City). The city center includes many monumental buildings dating back to the 14th and 15th centuries, and some even date back to the 13th century, such as a retirement home area. There are also remains of the old town walls in several places.\nToday, Zutphen is a modern small city. The urban area, which includes the village of Warnsveld, has about 51,000 inhabitants. Food shops are open from 8:30; Other stores are open from 9:30 to 18:00 on weekdays, on Friday evening until 21:00 and on Saturday until 17:00. Some stores open earlier, and the larger supermarkets usually stay open until 22:00.", "", "Because Zutphen contains many historical buildings with a tower, Zutphen is often called the tower city. Because there are almost no modern high-rise buildings in the city centre, the historical tower spires are very visible and form the skyline of Zutphen. The title of tower city is often used in advertising to draw tourists to Zutphen.", "The Walburgis church was built as a Roman collegiate church around 1050. After that, it was redecorated, rebuilt and remodelled on several occasions. There are six bells in the tower, which are still run by hand.\nSince 1561 a library called the Librije was added to the church. It was founded as a public library for the rich citizens of Zutphen. The library contains an important collection of 15th- to 17th-century books.\nThe Broederen (brothers) church is a largely early 14th-century monastery church of the Dominican order. Since 1983 the church has been used as the city's public library, and it has recently been extensively restored. On top of the church, a roof turret from 1771 contains the porter's bell. This bell is still rung every day between 9:50 and 22:00 the time at which, until 1853, the city gates would be closed.\nThe Nieuwstads (new city) church houses the Catholic community. It was founded as a parish church around 1250. Since then, it has been expanded, remodelled and restored many times. It has four original medieval bells.", "The Drogenaps tower was built between 1444 and 1446 as a city gate. In 1465 the entrance was bricked up, after which it became known as a tower instead of a gate. City musician Tonis Drogenap lived there around 1555, and the tower's current name is derived from him. From 1888 to 1927, the tower was used as a water tower.\nThe Wijnhuis (Winery) Tower was built between 1618 and 1642 by the city master builder Emond Hellenraet, influenced by Hendrick de Keyser. In 1644 the brothers Pieter and François Hemony made the world's first correctly-tuned carillon for this tower. During the summer months, carillon concerts are regularly held.\nThe Bourgonje tower was a defensive turret built in 1457. It was built during the Gelderland-Burgundian war. In this tower, the Dutch theologian and philosopher Johannes Florentius Martinet wrote his Katechismus der Natuur (Catechism of Nature).\nThe Berkel gate is part of the city wall on the east side of the medieval city. This gate over the river Berkel connected the old and new cities. It was built in 1320. It also had a western counterpart, but that gate was demolished in 1772.", "The city of Zutphen had almost 400 national monuments and over 500 local monuments. It is one of the most important and well-preserved historical city centers in the Netherlands. Zutphen has a great many medieval, especially 14th-century, houses. These houses, often with ornamental facades, can be spotted throughout the city center.\nWhen walking along with the old city market, you will see several large 18th- and 19th-century buildings that used to belong to well-to-do citizens and merchants.", "", "Zutphen, although a relatively small town, is a center for Dutch legal institutions. Zutphen houses one of the 13 Dutch courts, as well as the national training institution for judges and public prosecutors (SSR), the national police academy for senior police investigators, three prisons, and a large number of lawyers. The early emergence of Zutphen in the Middle Ages as the main town of a county explains its prominent position in the juridical system.\nBesides a 'normal' prison, the JPC de Sprengen penitentiary facility for boys is also located in Zutphen. There are several buildings: new institutions replacing the old facilities, but the old prisons remained open after the completion of the new facilities. Only the old prison called Lunette did not meet today's standards and closed in 2008.", "Located in Zutphen is the \"Spittaal\", location of the Gelre Ziekenhuizen (Gelre Hospitals) group. This regular hospital offers all common specialties (no cardio-thoracic or neurosurgery) and a 24/7 emergency department. It is located in the southeastern part of the town, in the district of Leesten. A sizable number of practitioners of alternative medicine are located in Zutphen.", "Zutphen is home to several well-known schools for secondary education on all levels. These include the \"Het Stedelijk\" (Dalton plan education and bilingual education), \"Baudartius College\", \"Vrije School Zutphen\", (a \"Vrije School\" being a Waldorf School), and \"Isendoorn College\" (with bilingual education, located in Warnsveld). Students from a wide area around Zutphen learn at these schools.", "", "Zutphen railway station is an important regional railway centre. The main electrified lines, to Deventer and Zwolle in the north, and to Arnhem and Nijmegen in the south, are run by the national railway company Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS). The secondary lines to Winterswijk and Apeldoorn are operated by Arriva. The secondary line to Hengelo is operated by Blauwnet (a division of Syntus). The regional rail service is run by a special subsidiary of the NS. All secondary lines run diesel trains. Zutphen's old station building (1863), upgraded in 1875, was partly destroyed during World War II. In the early 1950s a modern new station was built, a typical post-war building with concrete as its main material.\nHowever, in October 2007, the station building was designated as a State Monument. In 2006 and 2007, the railway station area was completely renovated: a new bus terminal and an underground bicycle parking lot were constructed, and the main road leading from the railway station to the town centre was turned into a road for pedestrians and cyclists only.", "Zutphen lies 10 kilometers south of the A1 motorway, which can be entered where it passes Deventer. From there the A1 leads East to Hengelo and West past Apeldoorn to Amsterdam. Main roads are the N348 (Arnhem to Zutphen, Deventer and Ommen), N314 (Zutphen to Doetinchem), N319 (Zutphen to Vorden and Winterswijk), N345 (Zutphen to Lochem and Hengelo), N826 (Zutphen to Almen and Laren).", "Almost all buses in and around Zutphen are Arriva. There are three internal city bus lines, and regional lines to Doetinchem, Deventer, Almen-Laren and Vorden. The bus lines towards Apeldoorn and Dieren were canceled in the past; these towns and the destinations in between can now only be reached by car or by train.", "Zutphen is twinned with:\nDelegations including the mayors of the cities visit each other, and developmental aid programs are in place with Satu Mare, Tartu and Villa Sandino.", "", "Gerard Zerbolt of Zutphen (1367–1398) a mystical writer and early member of the Brethren of the Common Life\nJohannes Mensing (1477–1547) a German Dominican theologian and controversialist, an opponent of Martin Luther\nPieter and François Hemony (c. 1609–1667 and 1619–1680), bell founders, who built the world's first tuned carillon, installed in Zutphen's Wijnhuistoren tower in 1644\nArnold van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle (1670–1718) right-hand man of William III of Orange\nJudith van Dorth (1747 in Warnsveld – 1799) an orangist and aristocrat, executed for treason\nJohn Andrew Stedman (1778–1833) a general in the Dutch army during the Napoleonic Wars\nJacob van Heeckeren tot Enghuizen (1792–1884) a Dutch diplomat\nHerman Hendrik Baanders (1849–1905) architect who was primarily active in Amsterdam\nRichard Constant Boer (1863 in Warnsveld - 1929) a Dutch linguist specializing in Old Norse.\nGijsbert Weijer Jan Bruins (1884–1948) executive director IMF 1946/48, Royal commissioner of the Netherlands Bank 1926–1946\nHendrik Mulderije (1896-1970), politician, Minister of Justice\nJoop Westerweel (1899–1944), Dutch World War II resistance leader, the head of the Westerweel Group\nRobert van Gulik (1910–1967) an orientalist, diplomat, and writer\nDr. Gerrit Kastein (1910-1943) a Dutch communist, neurologist and resistance fighter in WWII\nJan Christiaan Lindeman (1921-2007), botanist\nTheo Hendriks (1928 - 2015), politician (House of Representatives (Netherlands)\nMart Bax born 1937, emeritus and professor in political anthropology at the Vrije Universiteit\nHenk Tennekes (1950-2020), toxicologist\nPaul de Krom (born 1953), politician, Minister in the First Rutte cabinet\nKees Luesink (1953-2014), politician and Mayor of Doesburg\nAp Dijksterhuis (born 1968), social psychologist at Radboud University Nijmegen", "Catharina van Rees (1831-1915) an author, editor and composer\nJan Brandts Buys (1868–1933) a Dutch-Austrian classical composer\nMargo Scharten-Antink (1869–1957) a Dutch poet\nMommie Schwarz (1876–1942 in Auschwitz) a Dutch Jewish painter and graphic artist\nJo Spier (1900–1978) artist and illustrator\nMarlous Fluitsma (born 1946) a Dutch film and TV actress\nEllen ten Damme (born 1967 in Warnsveld) a Dutch actress, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist\nMark van Eeuwen (born 1976 in Warnsveld) a Dutch actor\nBas Kosters (born 1977) a Dutch fashion designer, known for his colourful designs", "Lambertus Doedes (1878–1955) a sailor, competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics\nDolf van der Scheer (1909–1966) a speed skater, competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics\nJos Alberts born 1960, a cyclist\nHans Kelderman (born 1966) a rower\nMitchell van der Gaag (born 1971) a retired footballer with 431 club caps and a football manager\nJosephus Schenk (born 1980) a professional darts player\nHenri Schoeman (judoka) born 1983, judoka\nJan Werle (born 1984 in Warnsveld) a chess grandmaster and student civil lawyer\nMirte Roelvink (born 1985) footballer in the Netherlands women's national football team\nJohnatan Opoku born 1990, a footballer", "", "\"Burgemeester Annemieke Vermeulen\" [Mayor Annemieke Vermeulen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Zutphen. Retrieved 24 March 2018.\n\"Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020\" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.\n\"Postcodetool for 7201DN\". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 24 July 2014.\n\"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand\" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.\nMin. of Justice, Inspectie voor Sanctietoepassing (2007). \"Inspectierapport Doorlichting PI Achterhoek, lokatie Lunette\" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-05-05. \nBramer, Wichor (2008-01-31). \"Station Zutphen\". Railwaystations in the Netherlands. Stationsweb. Retrieved 2008-05-05..\nShrewsbury Town Council\nWebsite; retrieved 18 December 2019\nDictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 54, Stedman, John Andrew retrieved 19 December 2019\nDutch Wiki, Gijsbert Weijer Jan Bruins\nIMDb Database retrieved 16 December 2019\nIMDb Database retrieved 16 December 2019\nIMDb Database retrieved 16 December 2019", "Official Website\nPhoto Album of Zutphen (in Dutch only)\nHanseatic Cities in the Netherlands\nOfficial tourism office Website" ]

[ "Zutphen", "History", "Modern city", "Culture", "Interesting buildings and squares", "Religious architecture", "Civic architecture", "Other interesting sights in Zutphen", "Regional center", "Juridical center", "Medical centre", "Educational centre", "Transport", "Rail", "Road", "Bus", "Sister cities", "Notable residents", "Public thinking & Public Service", "The Arts", "Sport", "Gallery", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360223, 5360224, 5360225, 5360226, 5360227, 5360228, 5360229, 5360230, 5360231, 5360232, 5360233, 5360234, 5360235, 5360236, 5360237, 5360238 ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Station_Zutphen.JPG" ]

[ "Zutphen is a railway station located in Zutphen, Netherlands. The station was opened on 2 February 1865, rebuilt after the Second World War and is located on the Arnhem–Leeuwarden railway, Zutphen–Glanerbeek railway, Amsterdam–Zutphen railway and the Zutphen–Winterswijk railway. The services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen, Syntus and Arriva. The station is an important regional hub, with three local lines and one express line meeting in Zutphen.", "", "", "NS website (in Dutch)\nArriva website (in Dutch)\nDutch Public Transport journey planner (in Dutch)" ]

[ "Zutphen railway station", "Train services", "Bus services", "External links" ]

[ 5360239 ]

[ 27239202 ]

[ "Zutty Singleton with Adele Girard on harp in 1939; photo: William P. Gottlieb", "Tommy Potter, Max Kaminsky, Benny Morton, Zutty Singleton, Adele Girard, Teddy Wilson, and Joe Marsala, National Press Club, Washington, D.C. in 1939" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Zutty_Singleton%2C_Adele_Girard_%28Gottlieb_07861%29_%28cropped%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Tommy_Potter%2C_Max_Kaminsky%2C_Benny_Morton%2C_Zutty_Singleton%2C_Adele_Girard%2C_Teddy_Wilson%2C_and_Joe_Marsala%2C_National_Press_Club%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_ca._1939_%28William_P._Gottlieb_03591%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" ]

[ "Arthur James \"Zutty\" Singleton (May 14, 1898 – July 14, 1975) was an American jazz drummer.", "Singleton was born in Bunkie, Louisiana, United States, and raised in New Orleans. According to his Jazz Profiles biography, his unusual nickname, acquired in infancy, is the Creole word for \"cute\". He was working professionally with Steve Lewis by 1915. He served with the United States Navy in World War I. After returning to New Orleans he worked with Papa Celestin, Big Eye Louis Nelson, John Robichaux, and Fate Marable. He left for St. Louis, Missouri, to play in Charlie Creath's band, then moved to Chicago.\nIn Chicago, Singleton played with Doc Cook, Dave Peyton, Jimmie Noone, and theater bands, then joined Louis Armstrong's band with Earl Hines. In 1928 and 1929, he performed on landmark recordings with Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five. In 1929 he moved with Armstrong to New York City.\nIn addition to Armstrong in New York he played with Bubber Miley, Tommy Ladnier, Fats Waller, Jelly Roll Morton and Otto Hardwick. He also played in the band backing Bill Robinson. In 1934, Singleton returned to Chicago. He returned to New York in 1937, working with Mezz Mezzrow and Sidney Bechet.\nIn 1943, he moved to Los Angeles, where he led his own band, played for motion pictures, and appeared on the radio program The Orson Welles Almanac (1944). He also worked with Slim Gaillard, Wingy Manone, Eddie Condon, Nappy Lamare, Art Hodes, Oran \"Hot Lips\" Page, and Max Kaminsky.", "Singleton retired after suffering a stroke in 1970. He died in New York City in 1975 at the age of 77. His wife Margie (sister of Charlie Creath) died in 1982 at the age of 82.", "Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. pp. 2279/80. ISBN 0-85112-939-0.\nBiography, by Steven A. Cerra, at Jazz Profiles. Retrieved 28 April 2017.\nWorsfold, Sally-Ann (1991). Louis Armstrong Hot Fives & Sevens Volume 3 (CD booklet). Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five (June–July 1928)/Louis Armstrong and His Orchestra (Dec. 1928)/Louis Armstrong and His Savoy Ballroom Five (Dec. 1928). London: JSP Records. back cover. JSP CD 314.\nWorsfold, Sally-Ann (1991). Louis Armstrong Hot Fives & Sevens Volume 4 (CD booklet). Louis Armstrong and His Orchestra (July & Sept. 1929). London: JSP Record. JSP CD 315.\nCook, Richard; Brian Morton (2008) [1992]. The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings. The Penguin Guide to Jazz (9th ed.). New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-103401-0.\nThe Penguin Guide gives the recording year as 1927.\nBowen, Michael. Jelly Roll Morton Volume 4 (CD booklet). Jelly Roll Morton and His Orchestra (July & Dec. 1929). London: JSP Records. back cover. JSP CD 322.\n\"Margie Singleton\". AllMusic. Retrieved 19 May 2020." ]

[ "Zutty Singleton", "Career", "Death", "References" ]

[ 5360240, 5360241 ]

[ 27239203, 27239204, 27239205, 27239206, 27239207, 27239208, 27239209 ]

[ "", "Locality where the holotype was found", "Life restoration", "Skull from above and below", "Lower jaws and teeth", "Tail, with insets of details", "Tail of Zuul compared with those of other ankylosaurines", "Cranial ornamentation of Zuul and other ankylosaurins", "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8 ]

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[ "Zuul is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana. The type species is Zuul crurivastator. It is known from a complete skull and tail, which represents the first ankylosaurin known from a complete skull and tail club, as well as the most complete ankylosaurid specimen thus far recovered from North America. The specimen also preserved in situ osteoderms, keratin, and skin remains.", "In 2014, Theropoda Expeditions LLC was excavating a possible Gorgosaurus specimen near Havre, Montana. On 16 May, a skid-steer loader removing a 12 m (39 ft)-high overburden unexpectedly hit upon an ankylosaurian tail club. An almost complete ankylosaur skeleton proved to be present. As it had not been eroded on the surface, it was in pristine condition. It was found overturned, with the belly facing upwards. The skeleton was largely articulated, but the skull and some neck vertebrae were separated from the main torso, while five ribs and the left ilium had shifted from their original position. The company secured the specimen in two main blocks, the largest of which weighed over 15 tonnes (17 tons).\nInitially identified as a new species of Euoplocephalus, the scientific importance of the specimen was immediately recognised. After preparation of the skull and tail section, Theropoda Expeditions offered it for sale. The company nicknamed the specimen \"Sherman\". In June 2016, it was acquired by the Canadian Royal Ontario Museum. The museum performed a laser scan of the skull, allowing its original form to be determined by the process of retro-deformation, or compensating for compression of the fossil. In 2017, before the torso had been prepared, a preliminary description was published of the skull and tail.\nIn 2017, based on the specimen the type species Zuul crurivastator was named and described by Arbour and Evans. The generic name was adopted from the demon and demi-god Zuul, the Gatekeeper of Gozer, featured in the 1984 film Ghostbusters. This was due to Zuul's head resembling that of an ankylosaur. The specific name is derived from Latin crus, \"shank\", and vastator, \"destroyer\". The epithet, read as \"Destroyer of Shins\" by the naming authors, refers to a presumed defensive tactic of ankylosaurids, smashing the lower legs of attacking predatory theropods with their tail clubs.\nThe specimen, which is stored as ROM 75860, was found in a sandstone layer of the Judith River Formation, part of the middle Coal Ridge Member with an age of between 76.2 and 75.2 million years. According to Theropoda Expeditions, it was 99% complete. It was described as a \"dinosaur mummy\", due to its preservation of soft tissues. Many osteoderms and small ossicles of the armour are present in their original position. Additionally, there are remains of keratin sheaths of the spikes and of keratin, non-bony, scales, in the form of a black film. The specimen is, as of 2017, the most complete ankylosaur find from the Judith River Formation. It was also the first North American ankylosaur specimen with well-preserved material from both the skull and tail.", "Zuul has been estimated to have been 6 metres (20 ft) long, with a weight of 2.5 tonnes (5,500 lb).\nThe describing authors of Zuul, Victoria Arbour and David Evans, noted some distinguishing traits of Zuul. Some of these were autapomorphies, unique characters which set Zuul apart from all other known ankylosaurids. The caputegulae, armour tiles of the head, that lay on the nasal bones, the frontals and the parietals, are imbricated, overlapping, and pointed on top. The squamosal horns, on the rear corners of the skull roof, have conspicuous longitudinal grooves on their side surfaces. The osteoderms on the side of the tail, the knob itself excepted, have a front edge with a strongly hollow profile, while their points are off-set to the rear. The tail knob is vertically flattened with a height less than a fifth of the length.\nOther traits were not unique but distinguished Zuul from various relatives in the Ankylosaurinae. The caputegulae on the prefrontals, the frontoparietals and the middle supraorbitals are pyramid-shaped, in contrast to the conical caputegulae with Nodocephalosaurus and Talarurus. The squamosal horn protrudes to behind the rear edge of the skull roof, just as with Scolosaurus but different from Anodontosaurus, Euoplocephalus or Ziapelta. The caputegulae behind the eye socket are small and sparsely distributed, again like Scolosaurus but differing from Anodontosaurus, Euoplocephalus or Ziapelta. The osteoderms on the handle of the tail club are relatively larger and more pointed than those of Asian ankylosaurines of the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia.", "With a length of about 50 centimetres (20 in), the skull of Zuul is of considerable size, being only surpassed among the ankylosaurs of Laramidia (western North America) by the three known skulls of Ankylosaurus, specimens AMNH 5214, AMNH 5895 and CMN 8880. The skull is also rather flat but this is partly caused by compression. The snout is wide and truncated at the front. The bony nostrils are pointing to the front. In each nostril only a single nasal opening is visible, perhaps homologous to \"Aperture A\" in related species.\nBehind a narrow pair of nasal armour plates, rows of caputegulae stretch to the rear. The two front rows consists of pairs of rectangular plates. Part of the third row is a small central hexagonal caputegula. More to the back, the osteoderms all become square or hexagonal in profile and more strongly imbricating. Above the eye socket the front and rear supraorbitals form a sharp edge, protruding sideways. Deep in each eye socket, a bony plate is present. Similar plates in specimens of Euoplocephalus and Dyoplosaurus were reported by Walter Preston Coombs as bony eyelids. The squamosal horns on the rear corners of the skull roof are robust and pyramidal in shape. They have a sharp keel on top and deep grooves running towards the tip. The quadratojugal horns on the lower cheeks are also robust, with a convex front edge and a straight rear edge. They ware seen as being mainly outgrowths of the quadratojugal bones themselves.\n \nThe lower jaw is long and low. At its rear side, a large armour plate is present. According to Arbour and Evans, this is not a fused osteoderm, but instead an outgrowth of the jaw bones themselves. The adductor fossa, the opening through which the muscles closing the jaw entered its hollow inside, is relatively small and shallow. The dentary, the bone bearing the teeth, at the front curves sharply to the inside. This way both dentaries together had a profile fitting in the broad snout. The tooth row has a length of about 16 centimetres (6.3 in).\nAt the rear underside of the right lower jaw numerous ossicles, small bony scales, are visible. The largest of these are rectangular and up to 14 mm (0.55 in) high. They lie directly below the large armour plate. Even lower, rows of smaller hexagonal or diamond-shaped ossicles are positioned, of about 6 mm (0.24 in) in diameter, grouped in rosettes.\nThe teeth are placed in tooth rows which together have a fluted profile. The tooth rows of the upper jaws bear about eighteen to twenty teeth. Those of the lower jaws bear twenty-eight teeth. The teeth are small, leaf-shaped and transversely flattened. The front teeth of the dentary have a base width, measured from the front to the rear, of about 6 mm (0.24 in). Their crown height is about 7 mm (0.28 in). The teeth have in total twelve to fourteen cusps on their edges. The cusp forming the tip of the tooth is off-set to behind. Around the neck of the crown, a thickened cingulum, or shelf, is present.", "Of the remainder of the skeleton only the tail had been prepared in 2017. The tail has a total length of 278 centimetres (109 in). The tail is divided into \"free\" front caudal vertebrae of the base and a \"tail club\" at the rear. In the latter organ Coombs distinguished again a \"handle\" and a \"knob\". The tail club, including the handle, has a length of 210 centimetres (83 in), a record among North American ankylosaurids.\nIn the handle, thirteen vertebrae are present. Probably another three are covered by the knob. To increase the chance of a damaging plastic deformation on impact of the knob, the handle is a stiff structure, the lack of flexibility caused by special connections between the vertebrae. The paired front joint processes, the prezygapophyses, are strongly elongated and overlap half of the preceding vertebra. They form a V-like structure, the branches angled at about 20°. Their joint facets are rotated to above and embrace the neural spine of the preceding vertebra. This spine is wedge-shaped and bent to behind with a flat top surface to fit into the V. This way a series of interlocking connections is formed, covering the entire top surface of the handle. The handle is further stiffened by bundles of ossified tendons, closely appressed to the vertebral sides. The tendons are over 50 centimetres (20 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) in diameter, with tapering ends.\nAlong the sides of the handle runs a series of five pairs of osteoderms. Zuul is the first American ankylosaurid in which such handle osteoderms have actually been discovered; they had only been assumed for other species. On the free vertebrae of the tail base another three pairs are present. Between the large osteoderms smaller ossicles are positioned. The side tail osteoderms are flattened and have a triangular profile in top view, with a sharp point. Those more at the front have a sharper point, being longer than wide. They are almost shaped as an equilateral triangle with straight front and rear edges. More to behind the triangles are lower and wider. From the fifth pair onwards the front edges become longer and strongly concave, off-setting the point to the rear. The last pair, immediately before the knob, is strongly rounded.\nThe front three side osteoderm pairs are covered by a black film that could be the remnant of their original keratin sheaths. If so, these added 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) to their length. The sheaths show clear grooves and ridges directed towards the point. At the left osteoderm of the third pair, a layered structure is visible at its base, resembling the construction of horn bases in bovids. At the rear osteoderms, the film covering is incomplete, showing that the underlying bone structure does not conform to the sheath riles as it is much smoother.\nThe knob is relatively large with a length of 52.5 centimetres (20.7 in), a width of 36.8 centimetres (14.5 in), and a vertical height of 8 centimetres (3.1 in). The bulk of the knob is formed by a pair of large osteoderms, each positioned at the side. In the holotype individual, the left side osteoderm is distinctively longer than the right one, giving the knob as whole a rather asymmetrical profile. This osteoderm also overlaps the last left triangular spike. The general profile of the knob is oval as spikes or keels are lacking. The side osteoderms almost touch each other at the top surface; at the underside a midline hiatus is present. At the rear of the knob, a cluster of small osteoderms is positioned. The outer corners of this cluster are formed by two trapezium-shaped elements. The very rear is formed by a covering triangular midline osteoderm. As a whole, the rear cluster has a straight posterior edge in top view. The bone tissue of the knob has a sponge-like texture with many pits.\nApart from these bony structures, the tail also preserves non-bony scales. These are not skin impressions but remains of the keratin skin tissue itself. Such fossil scale remains are exceedingly rare. In between the third pair of tail osteoderms a transverse row of five large scales is present. Behind it a further row is visible, running more to below, and containing two scales. The scales are relatively large with a diameter of between 5–6.5 centimetres (2.0–2.6 in). In cross-section, they have the form of a truncated cone with a rounded top pointing somewhat to behind. More dispersed scales are visible at the base of the fourth osteoderm pair and the front base of the fifth pair.", "In 2017, Arbour and Evans placed Zuul within the Ankylosauridae, based on a phylogenetic analysis. More specifically, they identified it as an ankylosaurin ankylosaurine ankylosaurid, forming a clade with Ankylosaurus, Anodontosaurus, Dyoplosaurus and Scolosaurus. Although the consensus of the phylogenetic trees recovered by the analysis was inconclusive regarding the interrelationships of ankylosaurins, this was influenced mainly by the relative placements of Anodontosaurus and Ziapelta within the tree. Out of the ten most parsimonious trees they recovered, nine of them have Zuul as the sister group of Dyoplosaurus, while in the remaining tree Zuul is closer to Anodontosaurus. The consensus of 50% of the trees is reproduced below for ankylosaurin interrelationships; the remainder follows the full consensus of all of the trees.", "Timeline of ankylosaur research\n2017 in archosaur paleontology", "Arbour, Victoria M.; Evans, David C. (2017). \"A new ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Judith River Formation of Montana, USA, based on an exceptional skeleton with soft tissue preservation\". Royal Society Open Science. 4 (5): 161086. Bibcode:2017RSOS....461086A. doi:10.1098/rsos.161086. PMC 5451805. PMID 28573004.\n\"Zuul, Destroyer of Shins\". www.rom.on.ca. Royal Ontario Museum. Retrieved 27 May 2017.\nSwitek, Brian. \"Introducing 'Zuul,' an Ankylosaur That Could Really Make Your Ankles Sore\". Smithsonian. Retrieved 2017-05-10.\nDevlin, Hannah (10 May 2017). \"Meet Zuul, destroyer of shins - the 75m-year-old 'Ghostbuster' dinosaur\". The Guardian.", "Dan Aykroyd of Ghostbusters fame introduces Zuul at the Royal Ontario Museum on YouTube\nDr. David C. Evans and Dr. Victoria Arbour talk about the amazing soft tissues preserved on Zuul’s tail on YouTube" ]

[ "Zuul", "Discovery and naming", "Description", "Cranial anatomy", "Tail", "Classification", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360242, 5360243, 5360244, 5360245, 5360246, 5360247, 5360248, 5360249, 5360250, 5360251, 5360252, 5360253, 5360254 ]

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[ "Zuunmod centre", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 3, 3, 3 ]

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[ "Zuunmod (Mongolian: Зуунмод; ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨᠮᠣᠳᠤ, \"Hundred Trees\") is the administrative seat of Mongolia's Töv Province. It has a population of 16,953 (2017) inhabitants and an area of 19.18 square kilometres. Zuunmod is located on the south side of Bogd Khan Mountain, 43 kilometres (27 mi) south of the capital city of Ulaanbaatar.\nZuunmod was established as the administrative center of Töv Province in 1942. Until that time, the administration of the aimag had been located in Ulaanbaatar.\nThe historically significant Battle of Jao Modo took place here in early May 1649, ending with the victory for the Qing dynasty.", "In 2004, Zuunmod officially had roughly 24,000 head of livestock, among them 8,500 goats, 12,000 sheep, 2,000 cattle, about as many horses, and no camels.", "Ganzorigiin Mandakhnaran - Mongolian wrestler", "", "Төв аймаг - Зуунмод\n\"Төв аймгийн төв Зуунмод хот нь 1918 га газартай\":\nTöv aimag official site\nNational Statistical Office: Livestock count 2004 (in Mongolian), p.109 Archived June 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine" ]

[ "Zuunmod", "Livestock", "Notable residents", "Gallery", "References" ]

[ 5360255, 5360256, 5360257 ]

[ 27239239 ]

[ "Berber-speaking areas belonging to Kossmann's \"Tunisian-Zuwara\" dialectal group" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Tunisia-Zuwara_Berber_Map.PNG" ]

[ "Zuwara Berber or Twillult language (also: Zuara, Zwara, (Berber name: Twillult, ⵝⵡⵉⵍⵍⵓⵍⵝ) is a Berber dialect, one of the Berber Zenati languages. It is spoken in Zuwara city, located on the coast of western Tripolitania in northwestern Libya.\nSeveral works of Terence Mitchell, notably Zuaran Berber (Libya): Grammar and texts, provide an overview of its grammar along with a set of texts, based mainly on the speech of his consultant Ramadan Azzabi. Some articles on it were also published by Luigi Serra.\nThe speakers refer to their specific variety of the language as twillult /t.ˈwil.lult/ ‘the language of Willul’, and the word \"Mazigh\" /ˈma.ziʁ/ may refer both to the wider Amazigh language or to any Amazigh person. Unusually for a Berber idiom, the masculine form is used to refer to the language.\nEthnologue treats it as a dialect of Nafusi, though the two belong to different branches of Berber according to Kossmann (1999).", "Terence Frederick Mitchell, Zuaran Berber (Libya): Grammar and Texts, Rüdiger Köppe: Köln 2009\nSerra, L., 'Testi berberi in dialetto di Zuara', Annali dell'Istituto Orientale di Napoli, NS, 14, 1964 : 715-726.\nGussenhoven, C. (2018). Zwara (Zuwārah) Berber. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 48(3), 371-387. URL : http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/zwara_zuwarah_berber.pdf\nMaarten Kossmann, Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère, Rüdiger Köppe:Köln, pp. 28, 32" ]

[ "Zuwara Berber", "References" ]

[ 5360258 ]

[ 27239240, 27239241 ]

[ "", "", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Multiple_photos_of_the_Coastal_city_of_Zuwarah.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c8/Zuwarah_Municipality_Logo.png", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Shabiat_An_Nuqat_al_Khams_since_2007.png" ]

[ "Zuwarah, or Zuwara or Zwara (Berber language: At Willul or Zwara, Arabic: زوارة) is a coastal Berber-speaking city in Libya.\nZuwara or At Willul is famous for its beaches and seafood. It is situated 102 km (63 mi) west of Tripoli and 60 km (37 mi) from the Tunisian border. It is the capital of the Nuqat al Khams district. Its population speaks Zuwara Berber, a Zenati Berber language. Zuwarah consists of 49 districts.", "The settlement was first mentioned by the traveller Abdallah al-Tijani in the years 1306-1309 as Zwara al-saghirah (\"Little Zwarah\"). In the Catalan Atlas (1375) it was called as Punta dar Zoyara. The town is mentioned by Leo Africanus in the 16th century. It later served as the western outpost of Italian Libya (1912–43), being the terminus of the now-defunct Italian Libya Railway from Tripoli 105 kilometres (65 mi) to the east. Its artificial harbour shelters a motorized fishing fleet. Cereals, dates, and esparto grass (used to make cordage, shoes, and paper) are local products.\nIt was in 1973 in Zuwara that Muammar Gaddafi first proclaimed the Libyan \"Cultural Revolution\".", "During the 2011 Libyan Civil War, the city was reported by Al Jazeera to be under control of the local anti-Gaddafi forces on 23 February 2011, and lost by the government of Muammar Gaddafi. Thousands of anti-government protesters, gathered in the Zuwara town square on 24 February, repulsed another Libyan Army attempt to retake the city. Loyalist forces used the pro-government towns of Jumayl and Riqdalin to the south as bases for their attacks on the city. However, from March onwards, the city was under the control of loyalist forces. Amidst the August rebel coastal offensive, rebels took Zuwara on 18 August.\nIn September 2011, and following the fall of the Gaddafi government, Zuwara was the first City in Libya to democratically elect its local council.", "Zuwara has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh).", "List of cities in Libya\nZuwara Berber\nDania Ben Sassi", "Wolfram Alpha\n[Amraja M. el Khajkhaj, \"Noumou al Mudon as Sagheera fi Libia\", Dar as Saqia, Benghazi-2008, pp. 118-123]\nChaker Salem, Ferkal Masin, « Berbères de Libye : un paramètre méconnu, une irruption politique inattendue », Politique africaine, 2012/1 (N° 125), p. 105-126. DOI : 10.3917/polaf.125.0105. URL : https://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-africaine-2012-1-page-105.htm\nCanciani, D., Ghaki, M., Habouss, A., Serra, L., Taifi, M., & Yacine, T. (2016). La lingua nella vita e la vita della lingua. Itinerari e percorsi degli studi berberi. Miscellanea per il Centenario di studi berberi a «L’Orientale» di Napoli. Scritti in onore di Francesco Beguinot., 5. URL : https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/174177/34757/SB5.pdf\n\"Voyage du Scheikh Et-Tidjani dans la régence de Tunis pendant les années 706, 707 et 708 de l'hégire (1306-1309)\", transl. by M. A. Rousseau, Journal Asiatique 1853, p. 121.\n\"Live Blog - Libya Feb 24\". Al Jazeera English. 23 February 2011. Archived from the original on February 25, 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.\nDraper, Robert (February 2013). \"New Old Libya\". National Geographic. p. 46.\nNPR; \"Militias In Libya Attack Protesters\" Archived May 29, 2016, at the Wayback Machine; February 24, 2011; Accessed 2001-02-24.\n\"Rebels claim control of Libya's last functioning oil refinery\". The Washington Post. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.\n\"The voice of Libya's minorities\" Archived May 26, 2014, at the Wayback Machine; November, 2011", "Terence Frederick Mitchell, Ferhat. An Everyday Story of Berber Folk in and around Zuara (Libya), Köln, Köppe, 2007 - ISBN 978-3-89645-396-9", "Official Zuwara Municipality website - in Tamazight and Arabic\nofficial Zuwara website - in Arabic" ]

[ "Zuwarah", "History", "2011 Libyan civil war", "Climate", "See also", "References", "Sources", "External links" ]

[ 5360259, 5360260 ]

[ 27239242, 27239243, 27239244, 27239245, 27239246, 27239247, 27239248, 27239249 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/LogoZUYDuoas.jpg" ]

[ "Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (Dutch: Zuyd Hogeschool) is a University of Applied Sciences with campuses in Heerlen, Sittard and Maastricht in the southeastern Netherlands.\nThe main focus of Zuyd University is on Bachelor programmes, 52 in total, most of them in Dutch. There are currently 8 master programmes.\nIn the latest edition of the Keuzegids Hoger Onderwijs 2008 ('2008 Higher Education Guide’), Zuyd University takes first place of the 13 larger universities of applied sciences, with an average score of 6.85.", "Zuyd University has the following divisions:\nEconomics, Languages, Communication and Hospitality\nHealth Care\nSocial Studies, Behaviour & Society\nBusiness economics\nArts & Design, Music\nTeacher Training / Education\nTechnology and Engineering\nZuyd University of Applied Sciences consists of the following faculties, at three different locations:", "Maastricht University", "website Dutch Kengetallen\nwebsite Dutch Kengetallen\nwebsite Dutch Kengetallen\nWebsite English Sectors\nWebsite English Sectors\nwebsite Dutch Faculteiten\nErgo therapy" ]

[ "Zuyd University of Applied Sciences", "Academics", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360261 ]

[ 27239250 ]

[ "The town hall in Zuydcoote", "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 ]

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[ "Zuydcoote (West Flemish and Dutch: Zuidkote) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.", "", "", "", "Communes of the Nord department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file\nDes villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Zuydcoote, EHESS. (in French)\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE" ]

[ "Zuydcoote", "Heraldry", "Population", "Gallery", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360262, 5360263, 5360264, 5360265, 5360266 ]

[ 27239251 ]

[ "", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Flag_of_Zuevka_%28Kirov_oblast%29.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Zuevka_%28Kirov_region%29.png" ]

[ "Zuyevka (Russian: Зу́евка) is a town and the administrative center of Zuyevsky District in Kirov Oblast, Russia, located 121 kilometers (75 mi) east of Kirov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 11,198 (2010 Census); 12,600 (2002 Census); 16,112 (1989 Census).", "It was founded in 1899 as a settlement servicing the construction of the Perm–Kotlas railway. It was named after a nearby eponymous village. Town status was granted to it in 1944.", "Within the framework of administrative divisions, Zuyevka serves as the administrative center of Zuyevsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Zuyevsky District as the Town of Zuyevka. As a municipal division, the Town of Zuyevka is incorporated within Zuyevsky Municipal District as Zuyevskoye Urban Settlement.", "", "Law #203-ZO\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.\n\"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года\". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.\nLaw #284-ZO\n\"Об исчислении времени\". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.\nПочта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).\nВсесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.", "Законодательное Собрание Кировской области. Закон №203-ЗО от 4 декабря 2007 г. «О реестре административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Кировской области», в ред. Закона №350-ЗО от 11 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Кировской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Вятский край\", №227(4115), 11 декабря 2007 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kirov Oblast. Law #203-ZO of December 4, 2007 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities of Kirov Oblast, as amended by the Law #350-ZO of November 11, 2013 On Amending Various Laws of Kirov Oblast. Effective as of the day following ten days after the day of the official publication.).\nЗаконодательное Собрание Кировской области. Закон №284-ЗО от 7 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Кировской области и наделении их статусом муниципального района, городского округа, городского поселения, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №350-ЗО от 11 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Кировской области». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Вятский край\", №233–234 (3401–3402), 21 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kirov Oblast. Law #284-ZO of December 7, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Kirov Oblast and on Granting Them the Municipal District, Urban Okrug, Urban Settlement, Rural Settlement Status, as amended by the Law #350-ZO of November 11, 2013 On Amending Various Laws of Kirov Oblast. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).", "Media related to Zuyevka at Wikimedia Commons\nOfficial website of Zuyevka (in Russian)\nZuyevka Business Directory (in Russian)" ]

[ "Zuyevka, Kirov Oblast", "History", "Administrative and municipal status", "References", "Notes", "Sources", "External links" ]

[ 5360267, 5360268 ]

[ 27239252, 27239253, 27239254, 27239255, 27239256, 27239257, 27239258, 27239259, 27239260, 27239261, 27239262 ]

[ "Church with Ryabovo, Zuyevsky District", "", "" ]

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[ "Zuyevsky District (Russian: Зу́евский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-nine in Kirov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,820 square kilometers (1,090 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zuyevka. Population: 22,586 (2010 Census); 27,823 (2002 Census); 36,023 (1989 Census). The population of Zuyevka accounts for 49.6% of the district's total population.", "", "Law #203-ZO\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.\n\"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года\". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.\nLaw #284-ZO\n\"Об исчислении времени\". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).\nВсесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.", "Законодательное Собрание Кировской области. Закон №203-ЗО от 4 декабря 2007 г. «О реестре административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Кировской области», в ред. Закона №350-ЗО от 11 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Кировской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Вятский край\", №227(4115), 11 декабря 2007 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kirov Oblast. Law #203-ZO of December 4, 2007 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities of Kirov Oblast, as amended by the Law #350-ZO of November 11, 2013 On Amending Various Laws of Kirov Oblast. Effective as of the day following ten days after the day of the official publication.).\nЗаконодательное Собрание Кировской области. Закон №284-ЗО от 7 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Кировской области и наделении их статусом муниципального района, городского округа, городского поселения, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №350-ЗО от 11 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Кировской области». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Вятский край\", №233–234 (3401–3402), 21 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kirov Oblast. Law #284-ZO of December 7, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Kirov Oblast and on Granting Them the Municipal District, Urban Okrug, Urban Settlement, Rural Settlement Status, as amended by the Law #350-ZO of November 11, 2013 On Amending Various Laws of Kirov Oblast. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.)." ]

[ "Zuyevsky District", "References", "Notes", "Sources" ]

[ 5360269, 5360270 ]

[ 27239263, 27239264, 27239265, 27239266, 27239267, 27239268, 27239269, 27239270, 27239271 ]

[ "Zuylen Castle", "Zuylen Castle (1700–1751)", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Slot_Zuylen.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Slot_zuylen_ets.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Zuylen.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Slangenmuur.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Toegangspoort.jpg" ]

[ "Zuylen Castle (Dutch: Slot Zuylen - [slɔt ˈzœylən]) is a Dutch castle at the village of Oud-Zuilen just north of the city of Utrecht. It is located along the river Vecht at the southern end of the Vechtstreek.\nThe castle was originally built in the 13th century by lord van Suilen en Anholt as a simple donjon. In 1422 during the Hook and Cod wars the castle was completely demolished. In 1510 rebuilding started. In 1752 the castle was modified for the last time. It holds a tapestry by the Delft carpet weaver Maximiliaan van der Gught. Its past inhabitants include Steven van der Hagen and Belle van Zuylen.", "M. Bous, A. Estourgie, T. Fafianie et al. (2007), Maarssen. Geschiedenis en architectuur, Kerkebosch, Zeist/SPOU, Utrecht, pages 331–344, ISBN 978-90-6720-435-4\nJ.E.A.L. Struick, Zuilen. Utrecht, Het Spectrum, 1973. 122 p.\nKransber, D. & H. Mils, Kastelengids van Nederland, middeleeuwen, Bussem 1979 (ISBN 90 228 3856 0)\nKalkwiek, K.A., A.I.J.M. Schellart, H.P.H. Jansen & P.W. Geudeke, Atlas van de Nederlandse kastelen, Alphen aan den Rijn 1980 (ISBN 90 218 2477 9)\nHelsdingen, H.W. van, Gids voor de Nederlandse kastelen en buitenplaatsen, Amsterdam 1966\nTromp, H.M.J., Kijk op kastelen Amsterdam 1979 (ISBN 90 10 02446 6)", "Website of Zuylen Castle" ]

[ "Zuylen Castle", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360271, 5360272, 5360273, 5360274, 5360275 ]

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[ "Zuylestein Castle", "", "" ]

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[ "Zuylestein Castle (Dutch Huis Zuylenstein; also spelt Zuylestein or Zuilenstein) is a castle near the town of Leersum in the Netherlands, some twenty miles east of the city of Utrecht.\nThe house itself dates to the fourteenth century, but only gained its municipal status in 1536. Originally the property of the burgomaster of Utrecht, the holding passed into the hands of Frederick Henry, then Prince of Orange, in 1630. He ceded the castle and its lands to his illegitimate son, Frederick, together with the title Lord of Zuylestein (in Dutch: Heer van Zuylestein) in 1640. The castle survived the ravages of the European wars that followed, but was severely damaged in the Second World War. Today the house and gardens have been restored.", "Kransber, D; Mils, H. Kastelengids van Nederland middeleeuwen, Bussem 1979.\nRietstap, Johannes Baptist (1861). Armorial général, contenant la description des armoiries des familles nobles et patriciennes de l'Europe: précédé d'un dictionnaire des termes du blason.\nHerbert H. Rowen, 2003. The princes of Orange: the stadholders in the Dutch Republic. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.\nHuis Zuylenstein" ]

[ "Zuylestein Castle", "References" ]

[ 5360276, 5360277, 5360278 ]

[ 27239274 ]

[ "Recovered coins struck in 1711" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Zeeland_hoedjesschelling_1711_VOC_Zuytdorp.jpg" ]

[ "Zuytdorp also Zuiddorp (meaning \"South Village\", after Zuiddorpe, an extant village in the South of Zeeland in the Netherlands, near the Belgian border) was an 18th-century trading ship of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, commonly abbreviated VOC).\nOn 1 August 1711 Zuytdorp was dispatched from the Netherlands to the trading port of Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia) bearing a load of freshly minted silver coins. Many trading ships travelled the Brouwer Route, using the strong Roaring Forties winds to carry them across the Indian Ocean to within sight of the west coast of Australia (then called New Holland), whence they would turn north towards Batavia.\nZuytdorp never arrived at its destination and was never heard from again. No search was undertaken, presumably because the VOC did not know whether or where the ship wrecked or if taken by pirates. Previous expensive attempts were made to search for other missing ships, but these failed even when an approximate wreck location was known.\nIn the mid-20th century, Zuytdorp's wreck site was identified on a remote part of the Western Australian coast between Kalbarri and Shark Bay, approximately 40 km (25 mi) north of the Murchison River. This section of coastline, subsequently named the Zuytdorp Cliffs, was the preserve of Indigenous inhabitants and one of the last wildernesses until sheep stations were established there in the late 19th century.\nIt has been speculated that survivors may have traded with or intermarried with local Aboriginal communities between Kalbarri and Shark Bay.\nThere was news of an unidentified shipwreck on the shore in 1834 when Aborigines told a farmer near Perth about a wreck – the colonists presumed it was a recent wreck and sent rescue parties who failed to find the wreck or any survivors.\nIn 1927, wreckage was seen by an Indigenous-European family group (Ada and Ernest Drage, Tom and Lurleen Pepper and Charlie Mallard) from a clifftop near the border of Murchison house and Tamala Stations. Tamala Station head stockman, Tom Pepper reported the find to the authorities, with their first visit to the site occurring in 1941. In 1954 Pepper gave Phillip Playford directions to the wreckage. Playford identified the relics as from Zuytdorp.", "Investigations by the Western Australian Museum initially concentrated on recovering the silver deposits. When salvage work ceased in 1981, a watch-keeper was appointed to guard the site.\nWork recommenced in 1986 led by Mike McCarthy (with the Museum's chief diver Geoff Kimpton). Soon after the program entered a multi-disciplinary phase. Phillip Playford joined the salvage work, as did pre-historians including Kate Morse, terrestrial historical archaeologists including Fiona Weaver and Tom Pepper Jr., surveyors, the Department of Land Administration, and artists. Oral histories were recorded with station identities, including relatives of the Pepper, Drage, Blood, Mallard and other Indigenous families involved with the wreck. Foremost in this new phase was the attention paid to the possibilities of European-Indigenous interaction and the movement of survivors away from the wreck. Phillip Playford's book, Carpet of Silver: The Wreck of the Zuytdorp was produced as part of the Museum's research. The book won awards with reprint editions.\nHistorian Bill Bunbury reviewed the wreck and consequences in the chapter A Lost Ship – Lost People: The Zuytdorp Story in the book Caught in Time: Talking Australia History. \nThe Museums in both Fremantle and at Geraldton presented exhibitions on the wreck, a website, and reports. An exhibition was also produced for the Kalbarri heritage centre. Due to the logistical difficulties and the advent of Health and Safety legislation, the Zuytdorp in-water program ceased in 2002, though work on land and in the laboratory remains active.\nThere was renewed interest in the authenticity of an inscription reading \"Zuytdorp 1711\" that was once visible on a rock-face adjacent to the reef platform at the site. Post-dating Phillip Playford's first visits in 1954/5, when photographs of the same area show no inscription, the inscription is considered a modern artefact. Details appear on Museum's reports series and Zuytdorp website.\nErnie Dingo visited the site to learn more about the estranged father Tom Pepper Jr and his grandparents Tom Snr and Lurlie Pepper. This investigation appeared in a 2018 edition of Who Do You Think You Are.\nThe site, one of the few restricted zones under the Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976, requires a permit to visit and remains under regular surveillance.", "In 1988, an American woman who had married into the Mallard family contacted Phillip Playford and described how her husband had died some years before from a disease called variegate porphyria. Playford found that the disease was genetically linked and initially confined to Afrikaners and that all cases of the disease in South Africa were traceable to Gerrit Jansz and Ariaantjie Jacobs, who had married in Cape of Good Hope in 1688.\nZuytdorp arrived at the Cape in March 1712, where it took on more than 100 new crew. One of the Jansz' sons could have boarded the ship at this time and thus become the carrier of the disease into the Australian Aboriginal population. In 2002, a DNA investigation into the hypothesis that a variegate porphyria mutation was introduced into the Aboriginal population by shipwrecked sailors was undertaken at the Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre in Nedlands, Western Australia, and the Stellenbosch University in South Africa. The research concluded the mutations were not inherited from shipwrecked sailors.\nThe presence of similar European genetic maladies in the Aboriginal population (such as Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome) as from VOC shipwreck survivors is also doubtful. Dutch–Indigenous links via the VOC wrecks are less plausible because of the importation of hundreds of divers for use in the Western Australian pearling field in the mid-to-late 19th century. Incorrectly called Malays, these indentured labourers came from the islands north of Australia, many via the port of Batavia. One vessel, the SS Xantho for example, brought 140 Malay boys aged 12–14 for use in the pearling field. They boarded at Batavia where diseases (including genetic diseases) had been introduced by VOC personnel into the local population since 1600. In addition, many Malay pearlers remained on the coast and some intermarried with Aboriginal people at Shark Bay. Therefore, it is equally possible that genetic links between Australian Aborigines and the Dutch can be traced to those sources. The possibility Aboriginal groups joined survivors from Zuytdorp or mutineers from Batavia inspired the Walga Rock ship painting was a popular belief. This theory has been challenged as new evidence points to the image being a steamship, possibly Xantho.", "In June 2012, the Shire of Northampton unveiled a commemorative plaque in Kalbarri commemorating the 300th anniversary of Zuytdorp's wreck.\nThe plaque also mentions two other Dutch East India Company ships that were wrecked in the area: Batavia and Zeewijk.", "ANCODS, the Australian Netherlands Committee on Old Dutch Shipwrecks\nList of shipwrecks\nConcordia (1696 ship)\nMaritime archaeology\nShipwrecks of Western Australia\nVOC ship Amsterdam\nProtected areas of Australia", "\"Zuiddorp (1701)\". De VOCsite (in Dutch). 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.\nzuytdorp.html Archived 17 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine\n\"Zuiddorp\". The Dutch East India Company's shipping between the Netherlands and Asia 1595-1795. Huygens ING. 2 February 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2020.\n\"Select Committee on Ancient Shipwrecks\" (PDF). Western Australian Legislative Assembly. 17 August 1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2008.\nPlayford, Phillip E. (Phillip Elliott) (1996), Carpet of silver: the wreck of the Zuytdorp, University of Western Australia Press, ISBN 978-1-875560-73-8\nBunbury, Bill (2006), Caught in time: talking Australian history (New ed.), Fremantle Arts Centre Press, ISBN 978-1-921064-84-5\nMcCarthy, M., 2006. The Dutch on Australian Shores: the Zuytdorp tragedy—unfinished business. In Shaw, L., and Wilkins, W., (eds.) Dutch Connections—400 years of Australian-Dutch maritime links. 1606-2006: 94-109.\nReproduced as Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Museum, report No. 256 Zuytdorp: Unfinished business, M. McCarthy, 2009.\n\"Zuiddorp (Zuytdorp)\". Western Australian Museum. Retrieved 21 July 2018.\nRossi, E; Chin, CY; Beilby, JP; Waso, HF; Warnich, L (September 2002). \"Variegate porphyria in Western Australian Aboriginal patients\". Internal Medicine Journal. 32 (9–10): 445–450. doi:10.1046/j.1445-5994.2002.00274.x. PMID 12380696. S2CID 34572600.\n\"Official Unveiling of the Zuytdorp Commemorative Plaque\". Kalbarri Development Association. Archived from the original on 11 April 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.\n`Zuytdorp` Memorial, 2 June 2012, retrieved 18 June 2022", "Playford, Phillip: Carpet Of Silver: The Wreck Of The Zuytdorp 1996, University Of Western Australia Press ISBN 1-875560-85-8\nBunbury, Bill: Caught in Time - Talking Australian History 2006, Fremantle Arts Centre Press ISBN 1-921064-84-6\nRupert Gerritsen, And their Ghosts May Be Heard 1994, Fremantle Arts Centre Press ISBN 1-86368-063-2\nMcCarthy, M. (comp), 2002 Chronological Precis of events occurring in Stage 3 of the WA Museum at the Zuytdorp site(s). For the ANCODS meeting December 2002. Stage 1 – The Bingham/Kimpton era: 1969–71; Stage 2 – The Green era: 1971–1985; Stage 3 – The McCarthy/Kimpton era. With assistance from many expert practitioners and volunteers, including Prof Sandra Bowdler, Dr Richard Cassells, Mr Stanley Hewitt, Dr Kate Morse, Dr Phillip Playford, Mr Bob Sheppard, Staff of the Department of Land Administration, Mr Ross White, Ms Fiona Weaver. 1986–2002. Report – Department of Maritime Archaeology. Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 173\nMcCarthy, M., 2004: Zuytdorp. In J. Green, M. Gainsford and M. Stanbury, (Eds.) Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum: A compendium of projects, programs and publications. Australian National Centre of Excellence for Maritime Archaeology. Special Publication No.9: 65.\nMcCarthy, M., 2006. The Dutch on Australian Shores: the Zuytdorp tragedy—unfinished business. In Shaw, L., and Wilkins, W., (eds.) Dutch Connections—400 years of Australian-Dutch maritime links. 1606-2006: 94-109. Reproduced as Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Museum, report No. 256 Zuytdorp: Unfinished business, M. McCarthy, 2009.", "\"Zuytdorp\". VOC Historical Society. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.\n\"300-year Anniversary of Zuytdorp Shipwreck\". Netherlands Missions, Australia. Retrieved 29 June 2012.\n\"Zuytdorp History\". Kalbarri Development Association. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2012.\n\"Zuytdorp\". Western Australian Museum. Retrieved 29 June 2012.\nWestern Australia Museum http://museum.wa.gov.au/maritime-archaeology-db/wrecks/id-811" ]

[ "Zuytdorp", "The Western Australian Museum's work", "Dutch–Aboriginal intermarriage theory", "Commemorative plaque", "See also", "Notes", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360279 ]

[ 27239275, 27239276, 27239277, 27239278, 27239279, 27239280, 27239281, 27239282, 27239283, 27239284, 27239285, 27239286, 27239287, 27239288, 27239289, 27239290, 27239291, 27239292, 27239293, 27239294 ]

[ "", "" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Zuytdorp_Cliffs.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/ZuytdorpCliffs.jpg" ]

[ "The Zuytdorp Cliffs extend for about 150 km (93 mi) along a rugged, spectacular and little visited segment of the Western Australian Indian Ocean coast. The cliffs extend from just south of the mouth of the Murchison River at Kalbarri, to Pepper Point south of Steep Point. The cliffs are situated in both the Gascoyne and Mid West regions of the state.\nAt the highest point, near Womerangee Hill, the top of the cliffs are 250 m (820 ft) above the sea. They are named after a trading ship of the Dutch East India Company, the Zuytdorp, that was wrecked against the cliffs in 1712.", "The Zuytdorp Cliffs are composed of Pleistocene aged limestone, a formation called the Tamala Limestone. This limestone formed by the cementation of ancient calcareous sand dunes that accumulated near the coast during episodes of the last ice age. It has been inferred that the relatively straight edge of the cliffs is due to a major fault line just off shore.", "West Australian Newspapers (2006), Streetsmart travellers atlas of Western Australia (9th ed.), West Australian Newspapers, ISBN 978-1-921048-13-5 - maps 120/121, showing Shire of Northampton and Shire of Shark Bay boundary occurring just south of both the Zuytdorp wreck, and the Zuytdorp Nature Reserve\nPlayford, Phillip E. (Phillip Elliott) (1958), [Letter of submission dated 15.5.1958 to Nomenclature Advisory Committee giving information on Zuytdorp Cliffs and Womerangea Hill], retrieved 30 December 2013\nA windswept coast : Western Australia's maritime heritage between the Moore River & the Zuytdorp Cliffs / P. & J. Worsley and D. Totty ; edited by Jeremy Green. Western Australian Museum.Australian National Centre of Excellence for Maritime Archaeology. Fremantle, W.A. : Western Australian Museum, 2008. Special publication (Australian National Centre of Excellence for Maritime Archaeology) ; no. 11.ISBN 9781876465421\nPlayford, Phillip E. (Phillip Elliott) & Western Australian Historical Society (1984). In The wreck of the Zuytdorp on the Western Australian coast in 1712. Royal Western Australian Historical Society, Perth - also, Playford, Phillip E. (Phillip Elliott) (2006). In Carpet of silver : the wreck of the Zuytdorp. University of Western Australia Press, Crawley, W.A ISBN 1-875560-73-4\nGordon, Francis Raymond; Curtin University. Department of Applied Geology (2012), Geology of quaternary coastal limestones of Western Australia, retrieved 30 December 2013\nHearty, Paul J & O'Leary, Michael J (2008-02-01). Carbonate eolianites, quartz sands, and Quaternary sea-level cycles, Western Australia: A chronostratigraphic approach.(Report). In Quaternary Geochronology. 3 (1-2), 26(30). summary included the following: at the type locality of the Tamala Limestone along the Zuytdorp Cliffs, the upper eolianite-paleosol units are characterized ... [more]by advanced stages of cavernous weathering, pedogenesis, and recrystallization.j", "Hocking R.M., van der Graaff W.J.E., Blockley J.G., Butcher B.P. 1982. Ajana, Western Australia, 1:250,000 Geological Map Series, SG50-13, Explanatory Notes, Geological Survey of Western Australia. GSWA download search" ]

[ "Zuytdorp Cliffs", "Geology", "References", "Further reading" ]

[ 5360280, 5360281 ]

[ 27239295, 27239296, 27239297, 27239298, 27239299 ]

[ "The town hall in Zuytpeene" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Zuydpeene_%28Nord%2C_Fr%29_mairie.JPG" ]

[ "Zuytpeene is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.\nThe small river Peene Becque flows through the village.", "", "", "Communes of the Nord department", "\"Populations légales 2019\". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.\nINSEE commune file\nDes villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Zuytpeene, EHESS. (in French)\nPopulation en historique depuis 1968, INSEE" ]

[ "Zuytpeene", "Population", "Heraldry", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360282 ]

[ 27239300 ]

[ "Bar Kochba silver Zuz/denarius. Obverse: trumpets surrounded by \"To the freedom of Jerusalem\". Reverse: A lyre surrounded by \"Year two to the freedom of Israel\"" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Bar_Kokhba_Coin.jpg" ]

[ "A Zuz (Hebrew-זוז; plural zuzzim Hebrew-זוזים) was an ancient Jewish silver coin struck during the Bar Kochba revolt, as well as a Jewish name for the various types of non-Jewish small silver coinage, used before and after the period of the revolt. The name was used from the Greek era of drachmas, through the Roman era of Denarius, and then as the quarter denomination of Bar Kochba coinage. The Jewish insurrectionists' zuz were overstruck on Roman Imperial denarii or Roman provincial drachmas of Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Trajan and Hadrian. Four Zuzzim, denarii or drachmas make a Shekel, a Sela or a Tetradrachm.", "Several different etymologies have been suggested for the word \"zuz\":\nA corruption of the Greek Zeus, who was the deity portrayed on the reverse of every drachm and tetradrachm (four drachma) of the Seleucid period.\nIn Hebrew, the word \"zuz\" means \"move\", or \"to move\", so it was called \"zuzzim\" to show that it was constantly moving around, usually referring to the fact that Jews must give charity, or referring to the nature of money that it moves from one person to another, alternating who is wealthy.\nRelated to a root (not occurring in the Hebrew Bible) meaning \"shining\" or \"glittering\".\nAccording to Stephen Kaufman, zūzu is of Akkadian origin. American Heritage Dictionary also states: “from Akkadian zūze, half, division, unit of weight, from zâzu, to divide”.", "In the Talmud, the Zuz and the dinar are used interchangeably, the difference being that the Zuz originally referred to the Greek Drachma (which was a quarter of the Greek Tetradrachm weighing approximately 17 grams) while the Dinar referred to the later Roman Denarius (which was a quarter of the Tyrian shekels and had the same weight as the Jerusalem Shekels and the Roman provincial Tetradrachms at approximately 14 grams).\nThe Zuz is mentioned in the Passover Haggadah in the Passover song Chad gadya, chad gadya (\"One little goat, one little goat\"); in which the lyric of dizabin abba bitrei zuzei (\"Which Father bought for two zuzim (half shekels)) repeats at the end of every stanza. It may be significant that two zuzim equal the half-shekel tax required of every adult male Israelite in Exodus 30:13.", "List of historical currencies\nFirst Jewish Revolt coinage\nBar Kochba Revolt coinage\nShekel\nGerah\nPrutah", "Instone-Brewer, David. 2007. Traditions of the Rabbis from the Era of the New Testament. P.201\n\"Bamidbar Rabbah (22:8)\".\nMarcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim. the Talmud, and the Midrashic Literature (1903, 2nd ed. 1926, NY) page 385, s.v. זוז (II); Alexander Harkavy, Students' Hebrew and Chaldee Dictionary to the Old Testament (1914, NY, Hebrew Publ'g Co,) page 134, s.v. זו.\nKaufman, Stephen (1974). \"The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic\". Assyriological Studies. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 19: 114. Retrieved August 20, 2013.\n\"zuz - Dictionary definition and pronunciation - Yahoo! Education\". Retrieved August 20, 2013.\nThe Targum Jonathan, the Aramaic paraphrase of First Samuel 9:8, translates the \"quarter-shekel\" in the original Hebrew into \"zuz\", making one zuz equal to one-fourth of a Temple shekel (not a \"common shekel\"- of which a zuz represented one-half, according to some Talmudic mentions), and two zuzim equal to half of a Temple shekel.", "bartleby.com" ]

[ "Zuz (Jewish coin)", "Etymology", "Usage", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360283 ]

[ 27239301, 27239302, 27239303, 27239304, 27239305, 27239306, 27239307, 27239308 ]

[ "Zuzana Čížková in 2017", "Madonna's Secret - three stone sculptures in Prague- Prosek.", "Mistress of the Emperor Rudolf II - concrete, Brandýs nad Labem", "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Cizkova_Zuzana_39769v.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Prosek_sochy_4093.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Brandys_nad_Labem_sculpture_girl.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Brandys_milenka_Rudolfa_4256.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Prosek_sochy_4077.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Holeckova_6563v.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Anezka_Ceska_Podebrady_2012_3820.JPG", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Relief_Ludvik_Kuba_Zuzana_Cizkova_Podebrady_4153.JPG" ]

[ "Zuzana Čížková also known as Zuzana Klára Čížková(born 10 December 1982) is a Czech sculptor and painter.\nAlthough born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, Zuzana Čížková was raised in Brandýs nad Labem in Central Bohemia. During her childhood, she was inspired by her grandfather who was an art restorer. She studied at High school of sculptures and stone-cutting in Hořice at the foothills of the Krkonoše mountains.\nLater she continued her studies at the Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague, in the Sculpture Atelier led by Professor Kurt Gebauer; she graduated in 2011. \nDuring and shortly after her high school studies Zuzana Čížková specialized in traditional technologies and materials (stone and gypsum). Later on, she started to experiment with materials she had already employed earlier in her education. She was discovering of new and non-traditional concrete (cement-mortar mixture) which she achieved in cooperation with the Research Institute of cement - mortar in Radotín (part of Prague).\nShe caught the attention of the audience, not only in Czech Republic, but also in France. In Paris, she twice took part in the Salon des Artistes Independants (2006 and 2007) as a representative of young Czech artistes. Later she made exhibition with a French painter Valexia. Zuzana Čížková also participated at two interships in Basel in Switzerland and Carrar Quarry in Italy. In the year 2009 she received the Winton Train Award – “Inspiration by Goodness Prague – London”.\nShe has created dozens of monumental sculptures for public areas (for example in Čížkov, Ostrava—Landek, Brandýs nad Labem, Poděbrady, Prague - Prosek and Prague - Smíchov.)", "Ivory of mammoth, in Ostrava – Landek, stone (2006)\nMistress of Emperor Rudolf II in Brandýs nad Labem, concrete (2006)\nThree Madonnas in Prague – Prosek, marble, sandstone, granite (2010)\nSign language sculpture \"Life is beautiful, be happy and love each other\" – in Prague – Smíchov, concrete (2011)\nMonument to Saint Agnes of Bohemia in Poděbrady, artificial sandstone (2012)\nMonument to the Czech painter Ludvík Kuba in Poděbrady, concrete (2013)", "", "Nehasit, hořím - Zuzana Čížková Czech television, 2006 (in Czech)\nTelevizní klub neslyšících Česká televize, 2011 (in Czech)\nJeště hořím - Zuzana Čížková Czech television, 2021 (in Czech)\nArticle in periodical Beton TKS Beton TKS 5/2011 in Czech/English\nCV in English Own web page\nPresentation of her paintings and other works Old website\nPersonal website - presentation of her paintings and other works New website\nPresentation of her paintings and other works Own web page" ]

[ "Zuzana Čížková", "Permanent installation in public areas (selection)", "Gallery", "External links" ]

[ 5360284, 5360285, 5360286, 5360287, 5360288, 5360289, 5360290, 5360291 ]

[ 27239309 ]

[ "Čaputová in 2021", "Čaputová speaking to reporters, 2019", "Čaputová and Robert Mistrík, initially a front-runner who withdrew from the race and endorsed her.", "Čaputová (third from the right) with the other 2016 winners of the Goldman Prize, along with the current U.S. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi." ]

[ 0, 3, 4, 11 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%2802-11-2021%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Rozhovor_Zuzana_%C4%8Caputov%C3%A1_po_odvolen%C3%AD.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Robert_Mistr%C3%ADk_odstupuje_z_prezidentskej_kampane-IMG_0804-SF.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Nancy_Pelosi_Goldman_prize_2016.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Čaputová, MPTP ([ˈzuzana ˈtʂaputɔʋaː]; née Strapáková; born 21 June 1973) is a Slovak politician, lawyer and environmental activist. She is the fifth president of Slovakia, a position she has held since 15 June 2019. Čaputová is the first woman to hold the presidency, as well as the youngest president in the history of Slovakia, elected at the age of 45.\nShe first became known by prevailing in a decade-long struggle against the situating of a toxic landfill in her hometown of Pezinok. For this, Čaputová was awarded the 2016 Goldman Environmental Prize.\nČaputová won the 2019 presidential election with 58% of the vote in the run-off.", "Zuzana Strapáková was born into a working-class family in Bratislava. She grew up in the nearby town of Pezinok, in what was Czechoslovakia for the first two decades of her life. She has described her upbringing as having occurred within \"an open-minded house\".\nShe studied at the Comenius University Faculty of Law in Bratislava, graduating in 1996. Between 1998 and 1999 she completed the training cycle \"General Management – Management of Change\" and in 1999 the ARK – Mediation course, accredited by the Ministry of Education of Slovakia.", "After concluding her education, Čaputová worked in the local government of Pezinok, first as an assistant in the legal department, and later as a deputy to the town mayor.\nShe later moved into the non-profit sector at the Open Society Foundations, where she handled public administration and the issue of abused and exploited children. Subsequently, she worked as a project manager at the civic association EQ Klub on local community development.\nBetween 2001 and 2017, Čaputová worked with Via Iuris, a civic organization, as a lawyer (since 2010), and with Greenpeace on campaign planning. In Pezinok, for more than ten years, she was at the forefront of a public campaign against the authorization of another landfill that would aggravate pollution of the soil, air, and water in the city and its surrounding areas. The fight against the landfill culminated in 2013, when the Supreme Court of Slovakia ruled that the new landfill was illegal and violated environmental norms.\nČaputová has run her own law firm and authored and co-authored several publications. She is a fellow of the Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide (ELAW), a network of environmental lawyers and jurists.", "In December 2017, Čaputová announced her entry into the emerging political party Progressive Slovakia, and in January 2018, she was elected as a Vice-Chairwoman at the party's first congress, aiding Ivan Štefunko's efforts to assure the representation of a credible socially-liberal alternative to the conservative status quo in Slovakia.\nAs a co-founding member of Progressive Slovakia, a non-parliamentary socially liberal and progressive party, she served as its Deputy Chair until March 2019, when she resigned due to her presidential candidacy. Čaputová was the party's candidate in the 2019 Slovak presidential election and proceeded to be elected president in the second round, after receiving over 58% of the vote and beating her opponent Vice President of the European Commission Maroš Šefčovič, an independent who was supported by the long-dominant Smer–SD party.", "In a press conference held on 29 March 2018, Čaputová announced her bid for the Slovak presidency in the 2019 presidential race as the candidate of Progressive Slovakia. Robert Mistrík, another strong contender, withdrew from the race and endorsed her on 26 February 2019. She said she had felt compelled to run for the Presidency after the murder of the investigative journalist Ján Kuciak.\nČaputová won the first round of the election on 16 March 2019, with 40.57% of the vote. She then defeated her second-place opponent, Maroš Šefčovič, by around 58% to 42% in the second run-off round on 30 March 2019. The second-round turnout of just 41.79% was the lowest for any round of voting in that type of election in Slovakia. The number of votes with which Čaputová was elected to office was also the lowest for any directly elected Slovak president to date. Her presidential inauguration took place on 15 June 2019 during a special session of the National Council in Bratislava.\nShe was rated as the most trusted politician in the country in both 2020 and 2021, with 83% and 58% of citizens polled saying they saw her as trustworthy, respectively. A December 2019 poll in the neighboring Czech Republic showed that she had a higher approval rating there (54% approval, 18% disapproval) than incumbent President Miloš Zeman (46% approval, 50% disapproval).", "", "On her campaign website, Čaputová says that \"justice in Slovakia does not always apply equally to everyone\". In keeping with her statements during the campaign, she plans to introduce changes to Slovakia's police and judicial system. She campaigned for the police force to be an independent institution without political influence, headed by an impartial professional with proven service. She further claims that it is necessary to transform the prosecutor's office into a publicly managed institution.", "Čaputová is an environmental campaigner who has been compared to American activist Erin Brockovich. Climate change mitigation is one of her highest priorities, and for that reason she is ending subsidies for coal and other fossil fuels. Čaputová has promised to phase out coal mining and power generation by 2023, and brought her nation into the Powering Past Coal Alliance.\nČaputová holds that environmental protection should include stopping illegal deforestation and that 5% of the most environmentally valuable territory should remain as a strictly protected zone.", "Čaputová has stated that she supports registered partnerships for same-sex couples, and educating the general public on these relationships. In a discussion organized by SME Journal, she lectured on the possibility of adoption by gay couples: \"I prefer the child to have a biological mother and a biological father. If he were to grow up in institutional care, I think he'd be better off with two loving beings, even if they were of the same sex\".", "Čaputová supports maintaining the status quo regarding abortion and reproductive rights, saying: \"If there is an extreme situation and the dilemma is between deciding whether to adopt a legal norm that will intrude upon the personal lives of citizens or leave it to women's responsibility and their personal choice, I choose the responsibility of a woman.\"", "Čaputová is divorced and has two daughters. She practices Zen yoga. She still lives in Pezinok.", "For her strong and resolute leadership regarding the Pezinok landfill affair, Čaputová was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2016. Laureates of this prize are selected by an international jury and experts from around the world who have distinguished themselves for having a lasting and significant impact on environmental protection. The Goldman award was delivered to Čaputová in San Francisco. Her long and eventually triumphant struggle has been compared to that of the American Erin Brockovich. The text of the prize states that she was awarded for her \"relentless campaigning against the opening of a landfill in the town of Pezinok, which, if opened, would further aggravate potential health hazards and would contribute to urban pollution\". In recognition of her efforts for the European democracy, Čaputová was awarded the European Prize for Political Culture in August 2019.\nAs of 2020, she is ranked #83 in Forbes list of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women.", "", " Slovakia: Order of the White Double Cross\n Slovakia: Order of Ľudovít Štúr\n Slovakia: Pribina Cross\n Slovakia: Cross of Milan Rastislav Štefánik\n Slovakia: Order of Andrej Hlinka", " Slovakia: Tree of Peace Memorial Plaque (Brookwood Military Cemetery. 4 December 2019).", "List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government\nList of international trips made by Zuzana Čaputová", "\"Prezidentka Čaputová má nového partnera, svého bývalého poradce\". www.novinky.cz. Retrieved 25 May 2020.\nSantora, Marc; Germanova, Miroslava (30 March 2019). \"Zuzana Caputova Is Elected Slovakia's First Female President\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\nKalan, Dariusz (28 March 2019). \"Can Zuzana Caputova Save Slovakia?\". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\nJuhasz, Laszlo (29 March 2019). \"Outsider Caputova wins Slovak presidency\". AFP. Retrieved 31 March 2019 – via Yahoo! News.\nFabok, Martin. \"Profile of Presidential Candidate Zuzana Caputova – News Now\".\n\"Profile\" (PDF). Zuzana Čaputová. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\n\"Profile of Zuzana Caputova\". TASR. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\n\"Profil prezidentskej kandidátky Zuzany Čaputovej\". Teraz.sk. Bratislava: TASR. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\n\"Q&A with Zuzana Čaputová\". Goldman Environmental Foundation. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\n\"From attorney and activist to president of Slovakia. Who is Zuzana Čaputová?\". Spectator.sme.sk. The Slovak Spectator. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\n\"Goldman Prize Winner Zuzana Caputova is Newest ELAW Fellow\". Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\na.s, Petit Press. \"Progresívne Slovensko neprekvapilo, povedie ho Štefunko. Trúfa si na 15 percent\". Domov.sme.sk. Retrieved 26 February 2019.\na.s, Petit Press. \"Čaputová sa vzdala funkcie podpredsedníčky Progresívneho Slovenska\". domov.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 27 March 2019.\nSantora, Marc (15 March 2019). \"In Slovakia, Unlikely Presidential Candidate Signals a Backlash Against Populism\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 March 2019.\nSantora, Marc and Miroslava Germanova (30 March 2019). \"Zuzana Caputova Is Elected Slovakia's First Female President\". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\nPatricolo, Claudia (27 February 2019). \"Robert Mistrík pulls out of Slovak presidential race, backs Zuzana Čaputová\". Emerging Europe. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\na.s, Petit Press (31 March 2019). \"Čaputová framed the election \"as a struggle between good and evil\"\". spectator.sme.sk.\n\"Slovakia's first female president hails victory for progressive values\". 31 March 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.\n\"Humanist lawyer becomes Slovakia's first female president\". Emerging Europe. 31 March 2019.\n\"Zuzana Caputova becomes Slovakia's first female president\". BBC News. 31 March 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\nTerenzani, Michaela (31 March 2019). \"Čaputová won on a record low turnout\". spectator.sme.sk. The Spectator. Retrieved 31 March 2019.\n\"Zuzana Caputova inaugurated as 1st Slovak female president\". foxnews.com. Associated Press. 15 June 2019.\n\"President Zuzana Caputova most trusted politician in Slovakia\". Kafkadesk. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2021.\n\"President Caputova most trusted politician in Slovakia, poll shows\". Kafkadesk. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.\n\"Slovakia's Caputova is Czech Republic's most trusted politician\". Kafkadesk. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2021.\n\"Volebný program\". zuzanacaputova.sk. Retrieved 25 March 2019.\n\"Slovakian president-elect is a green campaigner who will fight coal subsidies\". Climate Home News. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.\n\"Slovakian president-elect to fight coal subsidies\". The Ecologist. Retrieved 4 November 2019.\n\"Germany and Slovakia head list of new members at UN Climate Action Summit | Powering Past Coal Alliance\". Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA). Retrieved 4 November 2019.\na.s, Petit Press. \"Čaputová sa nevzdá v prospech Mistríka len preto, ak by mal vyššie preferencie\". domov.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 17 March 2019.\na.s., Denník N (17 February 2019). \"Zuzana Čaputová – pre kresťana neprípustný kandidát? Analýza\". dennikn.sk. Retrieved 25 March 2019.\n\"Zuzana Čaputová\". Goldman Environmental Foundation. Retrieved 16 March 2019.\n\"\"Nobelovku\" za životné prostredie dostala Slovenka. Za skládku v Pezinku\". Aktuality.sk. Retrieved 26 February 2019.\n\"Slovak president awarded European Prize for Political Culture\". Emerging Europe. 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.\n\"The World's 100 Most Powerful Women\". Forbes. Retrieved 24 December 2020.\nServare et Manere. \"Plaque\". Tree of peace/Strom pokoja. Retrieved 12 December 2019.", "Official website" ]

[ "Zuzana Čaputová", "Early life and education", "Early career", "Political activities", "Presidency", "Political positions", "Equality", "Environment", "LGBT rights", "Abortion and reproductive rights", "Personal life", "Awards and recognition", "Honours", "National honours", "Nongovernmental organizations", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360292, 5360293, 5360294 ]

[ 27239310, 27239311, 27239312, 27239313, 27239314, 27239315, 27239316, 27239317, 27239318, 27239319, 27239320, 27239321, 27239322, 27239323, 27239324, 27239325, 27239326, 27239327, 27239328, 27239329, 27239330, 27239331, 27239332, 27239333, 27239334, 27239335 ]

[ "Šebová in 2016" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Zuzana_Sebova_2016-01_Kristalove_kridlo_2015_a.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Šebová (born 1 April 1982) is a Slovak actress. She won the OTO Award for TV Female Actor in 2014 and 2015. She married Michal Kubovcik, a Slovak actor, in 2017.", "Panelák (television, 2008)\nOdsúdené (television, 2009)\nV mene zákona (television, 2009)\nAféry (television, 2010)\nDr. Dokonalý (television, 2012)\nSlovensko 2.0 (2014)\nHorná Dolná (television, 2015)\nZoo (television, 2015)", "\"Galavečer OTO sa niesol v znamení týchto žien\" (in Slovak). pluska.sk. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2018.\n\"Emila Horvátha uviedli do siene slávy. Cenu absolútny OTO získala Adela Banášová\" (in Slovak). aktuality.sk. 13 March 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2018.", "Zuzana Šebová on IMDb " ]

[ "Zuzana Šebová", "Selected filmography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360295 ]

[ 27239336, 27239337 ]

[ "in Washington in 2016" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Zuzana_%C5%A0tevulov%C3%A1_of_Slovakia_Director_of_the_Human_Rights_League.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Števulová (born 1983) is a Slovak lawyer, lecturer and activist who assists migrants. She was the first Slovak to be given an International Women of Courage Award.", "Števulová was born in Slovakia in 1983. She is lecturer at the University of Trnava in Slovakia. She helped create the Integration Policy for the Slovak Republic.\nShe had campaigned for the rights of refugees and migrants arriving in Europe and in 2016 she was the first Slovak to be given an International Women of Courage Award in Washington DC. She has won important cases to overturn refusals in Slovakia to grant political asylum and to support the rights of the migrants in her country.", "Zuzana Stevulova, migrationonline.cz, Retrieved 15 July 2016\nZuzana Števulová receives International Women of Courage Award, Human Rights League of Slovakia, Retrieved 15 July 2016\nBiographies, State.gov, Retrieved 15 July 2016" ]

[ "Zuzana Števulová", "Life", "References" ]

[ 5360296 ]

[ 27239338, 27239339 ]

[ "Zuzana Štočková in 2013" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/WGM_Zuzana_Stockova.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Štočková (born 25 November 1977 in Kežmarok), née Hagarová, is a Slovak chess player who holds the title of the FIDE titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM).", "In 1993 Štočková won the championship in Slovak Girls' Championship (U16). Many times she participated in the European Youth Chess Championships and World Youth Chess Championships in various age categories. She achieved her greatest success in 1994 when she won the title of vice-champion of the World Girls' Championship (U18) in Szeged.\nŠtočková has played for Slovakia in nine Chess Olympiads (1994-2008, 2014) and four European Team Chess Championships (1997-2003), where she won team gold in 1999.\nShe has successfully participated in many international chess tournaments. In 2004, she shared 2nd place in the Tatry Open 2004 with Ján Plachetka and Martin Mrva. In 2008, she shared 2nd place in the Slovakia Open championship in Zvolen. In 2013, she won the Riga Technical University Open's best woman's prize.", "OlimpBase :: Women's Chess Olympiads :: Zuzana Štočková\nOlimpBase :: European Women's Team Chess Championship :: Zuzana Hagarová", "Zuzana Štočková player profile and games at Chessgames.com\nZuzana Štočková chess games at 365Chess.com" ]

[ "Zuzana Štočková", "Chess career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360297 ]

[ 27239340, 27239341, 27239342 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Zuzana_Benuskova.jpg" ]

[ "Prof. PhDr. Zuzana Beňušková, CSc. (née Zuzana Wagnerová, born 27 October 1960) is a Slovak ethnologist, ethnographer, cultural and social anthropologist. She is a professor of ethnology at University of Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra. Her fields of research are ethnic minorities, social relations, customs, cultural regions of Slovakia and history of ethnology.", "Zuzana Beňušková was born in Bratislava, Slovakia. She is a child of a teacher and sociologist doc. PhDr. Vojtech Wagner, CSc. and PhDr. Irena Wagnerová, CSc., andragogist.", "Zuzana Beňušková graduated from Comenius University in Bratislava. She started to work at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ethnology, devoting to rituals, religiosity, ethnic minorities and the town ethnology. Since 1996 she also teaches at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Constantine the Philosopher (UCP) in Nitra. In 2004 she became an assistant professor and in 2013 a university professor. She was the Head of the Department of Ethnology and Ethnomusicology at the UCP University from 2005 until 2011.", "Zuzana Beňušková is an author of over 100 journals and publication projects.\nBeňušková, Z.: Religiozita a medzikonfesionálne vzťahy v lokálnom spoločenstve. / Interreligious relations in a local communities – Bratislava : ÚEt SAV, 2004. – 198 s.\nBeňušková, Z.: Tekovské Lužany : kultúrna a sociálna diverzita vidieckeho spoločenstva. / Tekovské Lužany: Cultural and social diversity of the rural community. – Nitra : UKF, 2011. – 145 s.\nBeňušková, Z. a kol.: Liptovská Teplička od druhej polovice 20. storočia. Nitra : UKF, 2013. – 304 s. \nBeňušková, Z.: Prečo sú Vianoce tradičné aj nové? In: Popelková, K. a kol.: Čo je to sviatok v 21. storočí na Slovensku?  Bratislava, Ústav etnológie SAV 2014, s. 110–163.\nBeňušková, Z.:  Občianske obrady na Slovensku.  Bratislava :  VEDA, 2017. – 134 s.\nBeňušková, Z. a kol.: Tradičná kultúra regiónov Slovenska. – Bratislava : VEDA, 1998 a 2005. – 241 s. (The Traditional Culture of the Regions in Slovakia\") (DAJAMA 2010 under the title The Folk Culture)\nBeňušková, Z. – Jágerová, M. – Nádaská, K.: Dejiny slovenskej etnológie v 20. storočí . 1. vyd. – Nitra : UKF, 2013. – 88 s. [Beňušková Zuzana (50%) – Jágerová Margita (30%) – Nádaská Katarína (20%)]\nBeňušková, Z.: Už sa chystá svadba istá. Svadobné obyčaje slovom a obrazom. – Bratislava: VEDA, 2020. 127 s.\nBeňušková, Z.: Civil ceremonies in socialist Czechoslovakia and post-socialist Slovakia. Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Bratislava, Marenčin PT, 2021, 148 p. (e-Pub)", "She was from 1992 the editor of the journal Etnologické rozpravy (The Discussions on Ethnology) in 2002 –2003; she was the chairperson of the Slovak Society of Ethnology (Národopisná spoločnosť Slovenska) in 2002–2008. She is a member of the Organising Committee of Etnofilm Čadca film festival.", "Zuzana Beňušková has a son Matej.", "\"Vymenovanie vysokoskolskych profesorov\". Office of the President of the Slovak Republic (in Slovak). prezident.sk. Retrieved 27 October 2013.\n\"Zuzana Beňušková, Doc. PhDr., CSc\". Institute of Ethnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences. uet.sav.sk. Retrieved 27 October 2013.\n\"Curriculum Vitae\". Zuzana Benusková. Zuzanabenuskova.sk. Retrieved 27 October 2013.\n6. Slovenskí vedci" ]

[ "Zuzana Beňušková", "Early life", "Academic career", "Projects and publications", "Other activities", "Personal life", "References" ]

[ 5360298 ]

[ 27239343, 27239344, 27239345, 27239346, 27239347, 27239348, 27239349 ]

[ "Zuzana Bergrová in 2010" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Zuzana_Bergrov%C3%A1.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Bergrová ([ˈzuzana ˈbɛrɡrovaː]; born 24 November 1984, in Ústí nad Labem) is a sprinter and hurdler from Czech Republic.", "", "", "Personal results Archived April 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine", "Zuzana Bergrová at World Athletics" ]

[ "Zuzana Bergrová", "Personal bests", "Achievements", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360299 ]

[ 27239350 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Brzobohat%C3%A1%2C_Zuzana_%28cz%29_webm.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Brzobohatá (born 11 July 1962) is a Czech Social Democratic Party politician. She sat as a Member of the European Parliament for the Czech Republic from 2009 to 2014.\nAfter graduating from the Brno University of Technology, Brzobohatá worked as an IT specialist and a teacher. Having been active in local and regional politics from 1998, she sat in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic from November 2008 until July 2009, when she took up her seat in the European Parliament.", "\"Zuzana BRZOBOHATÁ history\". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014.\n\"Zuzana BRZOBOHATÁ - Curriculum vitae\". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014." ]

[ "Zuzana Brzobohatá", "Footnotes" ]

[ 5360300 ]

[ 27239351 ]

[ "Chalupová in 2001", "Zuzana Chalupová: Playing in the Snow (1977). Oil on canvas, Gallery of Naive Art, Kovačica.", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Zuzana_Halupova_3_cropped.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Zuzana_Chalupova_Hra_na_snehu.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Zuzana_Halupova_04.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Zuzana_Halupova_03.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Zuzana_Halupova_05.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Chalupová (Serbian: Зузана Халупова, romanized: Zuzana Halupova; 5 February 1925 – 1 August 2001) was a Serbian naïve painter of Slovak ethnicity, who was born and lived her whole life in the town of Kovačica, Serbia. Her colourful naive-style paintings recall children's works and fairy-tale illustrations. She typically painted children, so she was called \"Mama Zuzana with a thousand children\". Her creative legacy consists of more than 1,000 paintings.", "Chalupová finished only five grades of elementary school. In the 1950s she began making scarves, shirts, and tapestries with traditional motifs. After earning some money from selling tapestries, she bought oil paint and started painting on canvas. She painted her first oil on canvas painting named Mlaćenje konoplja (Hemp Beating) in 1964. She enjoyed imminent success. She exhibited her paintings in the Museum of Naive Arts in Svetozarevo and in Kovačica during the \"Kovačički oktobar\" festival. Her first solo exhibition was in 1968 in Dubrovnik where all of the paintings were bought by foreign collectors.\nThough she never had children of her own, the most frequent motif in Chalupová's paintings were children. Even adults (some with moustaches) look like children in her paintings. Her other frequent motifs are winter, Kovačica church, and biblical themes.\nChalupová made many paintings for charity purposes. She painted a monumental painting for the International Committee of the Red Cross depicting children with the members of the Red Cross. In 1978, she made a painting named Zaštitimo spomenike kulture (Let's Protect the Cultural Heritage!) for the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia. The painting depicts Gračanica monastery, statue of Pobednik, Serbian Orthodox priests with children in Slovak traditional costumes and God watching all this from the skies. In 1974, Chalupová made a painting for the UNICEF headquarters named Children of the UN, full of symbols: It depicts the Earth, UNICEF headquarters, and the Statue of Liberty surrounded by children and angels with olive branches. The same year, her painting Zima (Winter) was printed by UNICEF Christmas card program in two million copies.\nMany of her paintings are on permanent display in Kovačica's Gallery of Naive Art. For her achievements, Matica slovenská decorated Chalupová with the order of Cyril and Methodius.", "Koliko se poznajemo: iz istorije nacionalnih zajednica u Vojovdini [How Good Do We Know Each Other: On the History of Ethnic Minorities in Vojvodina] (PDF) (in Serbian). Novi Sad: Vlada Vojvodine, Pokrajinski sekretarijat za propise, upravu i nacionalne manjine (Government of Vojvodina, Provincial Secretariat of Regulations, Administration and Ethnic Minorities). 2010. p. 148. Retrieved 25 January 2014.\nGallery of Naive Art, Kovačica: (in English)\nSubotica.com: „Naivna umetnost - Kovačica“ ili „Kako život ’udešava’ svoje priče“ Archived July 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Serbo-Croatian)\n\"Naivci iz Kovačice\" [Naive Artists form Kovačica]. www.b92.net (in Serbian). B92. February 10, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2014.", "Slovak Art of Vojvodina: Zuzana Chalupova (1925-2001)\nBabka Gallery: Zuzana Chalupova" ]

[ "Zuzana Chalupová", "Biography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360301, 5360302, 5360303 ]

[ 27239352, 27239353, 27239354, 27239355, 27239356, 27239357 ]

[ "Borošová in 2008" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Zuzana_Borosova_2008.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Borošová (born 26 August 1988), also known as Zuzana Cibičková, is a Slovak chess player who holds the FIDE title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM, 2011). She won the Slovak Women's Chess Championship in 2014.", "In the years 2006–2008, Borošová three times in a row won gold medals in the Slovak Junior Chess Championships in U20 girl's year group. In 2008, she won bronze medal in Slovak Women's Chess Championship. In 2014, Borošová won gold medal in Slovak Women's Chess Championship.\nBorošová played for Slovakia in the Women's Chess Olympiads:\nIn 2004, at first reserve board in the 36th Chess Olympiad (women) in Calvià (+4, =0, -2),\nIn 2006, at first reserve board in the 37th Chess Olympiad (women) in Turin (+3, =3, -3),\nIn 2012, at first board in the 40th Chess Olympiad (women) in Istanbul (+2, =6, -3),\nIn 2018, at third board in the 43rd Chess Olympiad (women) in Batumi (+3, =4, -2).\nShe played for Slovakia in the European Girls' U18 Team Chess Championships:\nIn 2004, at first board in the 5th European U18 Team Chess Championship (girls) in Belgrade (+2, =2, -2) and won team bronze medal,\nIn 2006, at first board in the 6th European U18 Team Chess Championship (girls) in Balatonlelle (+4, =2, -1) and won team and individual bronze medals.\nIn 2008, Borošová was awarded the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title and in 2011 the Woman Grandmaster (WGM) title.", "Bartelski, Wojciech. \"Women's Chess Olympiads :: Zuzana Borošová\". OlimpBase.org. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.\n\"43rd Olympiad Batumi 2018 Women\". Chess-Results.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2019. Cibickova Zuzana\n\"European Girls' U18 Team Chess Championship :: Zuzana Borošová\". OlimpBase.org. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.\n\"Title Applications - 82nd FIDE Congress 2011 - Woman Grandmaster (WGM) - Borosova, Zuzana\". ratings.FIDE.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2019.", "Zuzana Borosova rating card at FIDE (archive)\nZuzana Borosova chess games at 365Chess.com\nZuzana Cibickova player profile and games at Chessgames.com" ]

[ "Zuzana Cibičková", "Biography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360304 ]

[ 27239358, 27239359, 27239360, 27239361, 27239362 ]

[ "Haasová in 2017" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/BSK_2017-01_Kristalove_kridlo_Zuzana_Haasova_crop.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Haasová (born 20 March 1981) is a Slovak actress and singer. She studied at the Bratislava Conservatory. Haasová played Soňa Jančová in the Slovak soap Panelák between 2008 and 2015. She performs music as part of the Susie Haas Band. Haasová has type 1 diabetes. She is the youngest of three sisters.", "Najmenší hrdinovia (television, 1989)\nDvadsaťštyri hodín zo života istej ženy (TV film, 1994)\nPod vŕbou (TV film, 1994)\nO krásnej strige (TV film, 1994)\nO Zorali a dvoch bratoch (1994)\nŠkriatok\t (1995)\nSilvánovci (1996)\nDuchovia (1997)\nCruel Joys (2002)\nOrdinácia v ružovej záhrade (television, 2007)\nPanelák (television, 2008–2015)\nRex (television, 2017)", "\"Dcéra Zuzany Haasovej, Romanka, si vyskúša maminu profesiu\" (in Slovak). pravda.sk. 17 November 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2018.\n\"Herečka Zuzana Haasová: Teraz si seba oveľa viac vážim\" (in Slovak). sme.sk. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2018.\n\"Zuzana Haasová sa vydala, vybrala si tri šestky v dátume!\" (in Slovak). pravda.sk. 17 November 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2018.\n\"Herečka Zuzana Haasová musela prekonať stratu dieťatka: Čo jej pomohlo?\" (in Slovak). pluska.sk. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2018.\n\"Zuzana Haasová a Martin Kostka: Nesmiete ísť do niečoho, čoho sa bojíte\" (in Slovak). sme.sk. 15 February 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2018.", "Zuzana Haasová at IMDb " ]

[ "Zuzana Haasová", "Selected filmography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360305 ]

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[ "Zuzana Jandová (born 18 August 1987 in Karviná, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech businesswoman, model, charity worker and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Czech Republic and represented her country in Miss World 2008 in South Africa. She completed her studies at a business school and she works in Charity Endowment, Help and Support.", "\"Titul Miss ČR získala Zuzana Jandová\" (in Czech). Lidovky.cz. 16 March 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2009.\n\"OBRAZEM: Miss ČR: Kralovaly Zuzany, vyhrála Jandová před Putnářovou\" (in Czech). TV Nova. 16 March 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2009." ]

[ "Zuzana Jandová", "References" ]

[ 5360306, 5360307 ]

[ 27239366 ]

[ "Media Interview at Bratislava", "Zuzana Králová at Premio Comunidad de Madrid Nuevos Diseñadores 2013, Jury Special Prize" ]

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[ "Zuzana Králová (born 1985) is a Czech fashion designer born in Tábor, Czechoslovakia. After achieving a Master of Arts at Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem in the Czech Republic and a Diploma in Fashion Design at Istituto Europeo di Design in Madrid, she set up her own fashion brand named Kralova Design in 2009. She was a finalist at Brilliance Fashion Talent 2010, under a jury composed of prominent designers and fashion professionals in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. She was also selected as a finalist to the National Design Award of the Czech Republic, an award open to all facets of design.\nIn 2012 she was a finalist in the TOP STYL Designer Prize in the Czech Republic.\nIn 2013 she received the Special Jury Prize at the Contest of New Designers of the Comunidad de Madrid.", "dizajnu, Slovenské centrum. \"Brillance Fashion talent 2010, Slovenské centrum dizajnu\". Retrieved 29 November 2016.\nFarná, Kateřina. \"DesignMagazin.cz – Hlasujte o Národní cenu za studentský design 2010\". Retrieved 29 November 2016.\n(www.peckadesign.cz), PeckaDesign. \"Design Cabinet CZ: propagujeme český design, navazujeme na Design centrum ČR\". Retrieved 29 November 2016.\n\"ZNÁME FINALISTY SOUTĚŽE TOP STYL DESIGNER - STYL-KABO - Veletrhy Brno\". Retrieved 29 November 2016.\n\"Archived copy\". mujer.orange.es. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2022.", "http://www.kralovadesign.com/" ]

[ "Zuzana Králová", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360308, 5360309 ]

[ 27239367, 27239368 ]

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[ "Zuzana Kronerová (born 17 April 1952) is a Slovak film, television and stage actress. She has been featured in more than twenty films to date.", "Selected works\n1981: Infidelity in a Slovak Way (originally made-for-TV; as Zlatka)\nPhoenix (as Helga)\n1982: Scrawls (as Teacher)\n1991: When the Stars Were Red (as Beta)\n2001: The Wild Bees (as Lisajová)\n2003: Pupendo\n2005: Something Like Happiness (as Aunt)\n2008: The Country Teacher (as Mother)\nGypsy Virgin (as Phuri Daj)\n2009: T.M.A. (as Shopping assistant)\nUnknown Hour (as Sister in charge)\n2010: Surviving Life (as Milada)\nHabermann (aka Habermann's Mill; as Eliška)\n2015: Home Care\n2016: Červená kapitán\n2017: Ice Mother\n2020: Shadow Country", "", "List of people surnamed Kroner", "Foltýnová, Eva (February 16, 2005). \"Zuzana Kronerová: Otce jsem ve filmu bila\". Xantypa.cz (in Czech). Xantypa. xantypa.cz. Retrieved February 26, 2015.\n\"Festival Nová dráma > 2009 > O festivale > Zuzana Kronerová\". Divadelný ústav (in Slovak). DÚ. 2010. theatre.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\n\"OTO 2000 – 1. ročník > Herečka\". OTO Awards (in Slovak). Art Production Agency. February 3, 2001. oto.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\n\"Czech Lion Awards > Zuzana Kronerová\". Česká filmová a televizní akademie (in Slovak). ČFTA. filmovaakademie.cz. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\nKomárová, Zuzana (September 7, 2006). \"Nominácie na DOSKY > Najlepší ženský herecký výkon\". SME (in Slovak). Petit Press. sme.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\nKunovská, Vlasta (February 21, 2011). \"Z. Kronerová: Pre mňa je hrať v Martine splnením sna\". Turiec SME (in Slovak). Petit Press. turiec.sme.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\nLitFond (2008). \"Výročné ceny za divadelnú tvorbu > Divadlo Astorka Korzo\". Ceny a prémie za rok 2007 (in Slovak). Bratislava: Slovenský literárny fond. p. 8. Retrieved February 25, 2015.\nSFTA (April 21, 2010). \"Nominácie na Slnko v sieti 2010\". Filmpress.sk (in Slovak). Občianske združenie Filmpress.sk. filmpress.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\nLegerská, Viera (January 15, 2012). \"Zuzana Kronerová dostala Krištáľové krídlo\". Turiec SME (in Slovak). Petit Press. turiec.sme.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\n\"Archív > Hercove misie > Zuzana Kronerová\". Art Film Fest (in Slovak). AFF. June 25, 2011. artfilmfest.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\nLitFond (2011). \"Výročné ceny v oblasti divadla\". Ceny a prémie LF za rok 2011 (PDF) (in Slovak). Bratislava: Slovenský literárny fond. p. 10. Retrieved February 25, 2015.\n\"Najlepším filmom je Učiteľka, Slnko v sieti má Roden aj Mauréry\" (in Slovak). pravdka.sk. April 7, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2018.\nLitFond (2008). \"Výročné ceny za divadelnú tvorbu > Výročné ceny - Divadlo\". Ceny a prémie LF za rok 2010 (PDF) (in Slovak). Bratislava: Slovenský literárny fond. p. 10. Retrieved February 25, 2015.", "\"Zuzana Kronerová > Stageography\". Astorka Korzo ’90 Theater (in Slovak). Divadlo Astorka Korzo ’90. astorka.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\nRenáta Šmatláková (ed.). \"Zuzana Kronerová > Filmography\". Slovak Film Database (in English and Slovak). Slovak Film Institute. sfd.sfu.sk. Retrieved March 2, 2015.\n\"Zuzana Kronerová > Filmography\". Czecho-Slovak Film Database (in Czech and Slovak). POMO Media Group. csfd.cz. Retrieved March 2, 2015.", "Zuzana Kronerová at AllMovie\nZuzana Kronerová at FDb.cz\nZuzana Kronerová at IMDb\nZuzana Kronerová at Kinobox.cz\nZuzana Kronerová at Rotten Tomatoes\nZuzana Kronerová at the TCM Movie Database" ]

[ "Zuzana Kronerová", "Filmography", "Awards", "See also", "References", "Sources", "External links" ]

[ 5360310 ]

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[ "Kučová at the 2010 Open GDF Suez" ]

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[ "Zuzana Kučová ([ˈzuzana ˈkutʂɔʋaː]; born 26 June 1982) is a former Slovak tennis player.\nShe won eight singles titles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 7 June 2010, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 101. In December 2009, she peaked at No. 175 in the WTA doubles rankings. She is the sister of Kristína Kučová, also professional tennis player.", "Kučová qualified for the 2004 French Open, and drew 10th seed Vera Zvonareva in the first round of the clay-court tournament. She struggled to find a way past the Russian and was beaten in straight sets.\nIn 2008, Kučová competed at the 2008 GDF Suez Grand Prix in Budapest, Hungary. She knocked young Swiss player Timea Bacsinszky out of the tournament in the opening round, but failed to defeat hometown favourite Gréta Arn in the second, bowing out in straight sets.\nKučová qualified for her second Grand Slam championship, the 2010 Australian Open, by beating Julia Schruff in the third round of qualifying. She drew Gisela Dulko in the opening round, and after a first set shocker that lasted just 18 minutes, Kučová fought back, but was ultimately knocked out in three sets. Following 18 months absent from the tennis court, Kučová qualified for her first Grand Slam main-draw appearance in three years at the 2013 French Open. There, she caused a huge upset by defeating 24th seed Julia Görges in straight sets. In the second round, she lost to Virginie Razzano in three sets. Her last professional tournament was at the 2013 French Open.", "", "", "", "(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.", "\"Zuzana Kučová Stats, News, Photos, Record\". Retrieved 20 January 2010.\n\"Australian Open Tennis Championships 2010 – Scores\". Retrieved 20 January 2010.", "Zuzana Kučová at the Women's Tennis Association \nZuzana Kučová at the International Tennis Federation \nZuzana Kučová at CoreTennis.net" ]

[ "Zuzana Kučová", "Career", "ITF finals", "Singles: 24 (8–16)", "Doubles: 8 (4–4)", "Grand Slam singles performance timeline", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360311 ]

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[ "Zuzana Kultánová in 2017." ]

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[ "Zuzana Kultánová (born 1986) is a Czech novelist. For her debut novel, Augustin Zimmermann, she received the 2017 Jiří Orten Award given to the author of a work of prose or poetry who is no older than 30 at the time of the work's completion.", "Zuzana Kultánová studied Czech language and literature at the University of Ostrava. Her debut novel, Augustin Zimmerman (ISBN 978-80-7473-421-2), was published by Kniha Zlín in 2016. It won the 2017 Jiří Orten Award. The novel was also nominated for the literary prize Magnesia Litera in the \"Discovery of the Year\" category.", "2017 Jiří Orten Award", "\"Nominace Magnesia Litera: Augustin Zimmermann\". Česká televize. Retrieved 19 January 2018.\n\"Cena Jiřího Ortena Ročník 2017\". Cena Jiřího Ortena. Retrieved 19 January 2018." ]

[ "Zuzana Kultánová", "Life and career", "Awards", "References" ]

[ 5360312 ]

[ 27239382, 27239383 ]

[ "Marková sings in the opera Aspern by Salvatore Sciarrino in 2013" ]

[ 0 ]

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[ "Zuzana Marková (born 1988) is a Czech coloratura soprano who appears in leading roles internationally, with a focus on Italian belcanto roles, such as Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor and Bellini's Elvira.", "Born in Prague, Marková studied at the Prague Conservatory, voice with her mother Jiřina Marková, piano with Miroslav Langer, and conducting with Miriam Němcová and Hynek Farkač. She participated in master classes with Mietta Sighele and Veriano Luchetti in Riva del Garda, Italy. She further studied with Paola Pittaluga from the Teatro Comunale di Bologna in 2010 and 2011.", "In 2003, Marková won the \"Prague Singer\" competition, and won second prize in the \"Dušek's Singing Competition\" in Prague. In 2012, she won second prize at the Ernst Häfliger International Singing Competition in Switzerland.\nMarková made her opera debut at the age of sixteen, performing as Frantiska in Emil František Burian's Opera z pouti at the National Moravian-Silesian Theatre in Ostrava, in the Czech Republic.\nShe has performed leading roles in Italian belcanto opera, including the title role of Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor in Genoa and Venice. In 2014, she stepped into the role of Lucia at the last moment in Frédéric Bélier-Garcia's production at the Opéra de Marseille when Eglise Guttierez became ill. Marková's performance was described as literally dazzling (littéralement éblouissante) and her interpretation throughout the performance was acclaimed for its depth of understanding (une Lucia qui ne cesse de sidérer par ce que l’interprète semble avoir compris et du rôle et d’elle-même).\nShe has appeared in the title role Violetta of Verdi's La traviata at the Teatro Comunale, Florence, the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, and the Teatro Massimo in Palermo. She performed the role of Elena in Nino Rota's Il cappello di paglia di Firenze at the Naples Teatro di San Carlo. She appeared as Ismene in Gluck's Alceste at La Fenice in Venice in 2015.\nIn French opera, she was Massenet's Manon at the Cologne Opera in 2018. A reviewer wrote that she was ideal for the role, noting the brilliance but also intimacy of her perfectly controlled voice, and her convincing acting. Another reviewer called her a dream cast (Traumbesetzung) for the role, both vocally and in acting.\nShe made her Oper Frankfurt debut in the 2018/19 season as Elvira in Bellini's last opera I puritani, staged by Vincent Boussard in cooperation with the Opéra Royal de Wallonie in Liège, alongside John Osborn. She is scheduled to make her US debut as Violetta in Verdi's La Traviata at the Atlanta Opera in April 2019.\nHer repertoire also includes Donna Anna in Mozart's Don Giovanni, the title role of Donizetti's Anna Bolena, Oscar in Verdi's Un ballo in maschera, Ines in Meyerbeer's L'Africaine, Micaëla in Bizet's Carmen, and the title role in Henri Sauguet's Les caprices de Marianne. She also works as a concert singer.", "\"Zuzana Marková / Soprano\". Oper Frankfurt. Retrieved 9 January 2019.\n\"Zuzana Marková\" (in Czech). Prague: SYMBIO Digital, s.r.o. Retrieved 8 January 2019.\n\"Zuzana Marková Soprano\". GM Art & Music. Retrieved 17 February 2019.\n\"Zuzana Marková\" (PDF). TEATRO LIRICO DI CAGLIARI FONDAZIONE. Retrieved 17 February 2019.\n\"Genova, Teatro Carlo Felice: \"Lucia di Lammermoor\"\". GB Opera Magazine. 3 June 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2019.\n\"Zuzana Marková, soprano\". Operabase Artists. Retrieved 17 February 2019.\nSalles, Maurice (5 February 2014). \"Une étoile est née ! Lucia di Lammermoor – Marseille\". Forum Opera, Le Magazine du Monde Lyrique. Retrieved 17 February 2019.\n\"Gluck – Alceste (Venice, 2015 – Webcast)\". Opera Journal. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2019.\nZimmermann, Christoph (9 March 2018). \"Köln / Staatenhaus: Manon von Massenet. Neuinszenierung\". onlinemerker.com (in German). Retrieved 14 January 2019.\nSchmöe, Christoph (4 March 2018). \"Ein Phantom\". Online Musik Magazin (in German). Retrieved 3 February 2019.\n\"I puritani\". Opéra Royal de Wallonie. Retrieved 15 January 2019.\nGresham, Mark. \"News: Atlanta Opera's Tomer Zvulun on the 2018–19 season, and a bold new direction\". artsatl.com. Retrieved 14 January 2019.\nSalazar, David (1 February 2018). \"Jamie Barton & Zuzana Markova Headline Atlanta Opera's 2018–19 Season\". Opera Wire. Retrieved 17 February 2019.", "Zuzana Marková / Sopranistin Operabase\nReviews bachtrack.com\nZuzana Marková / Soprano operamusica.com\nZuzana Marková gbopera.it\nZuzana Marková on ForumOpera.com (fr)\nZuzana Marková on cfpl.org (fr)\nUne étoile est née on ForumOpera.com (fr)\n\"March Madness Part 2: Watch These 5 Shocking Moments Of Madness In Recent Opera\", Opera Wire" ]

[ "Zuzana Marková (soprano)", "Training", "Career", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360313 ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "Zuzana Martináková (born 5 May 1961 in Púchov, Czechoslovakia) is a Slovak politician and a former journalist. She is the leader of the political party Free Forum.", "Martináková is a graduate of the Comenius University in Bratislava. She has worked for Slovak Radio (1988–1993) and for the BBC (1993–2001). She joined the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union (SDKÚ) and after Slovak parliamentary election in 2002 became the vice president of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. She was number five on the SDKU's list.\nIn January 2004, Martináková left the SDKÚ after frictions with Mikuláš Dzurinda, founded a new political party named Free Forum and was elected the party leader. In Slovak parliamentary election in 2006, the party did not join the Slovak Parliament (got only 3.47%; minimum 5% was required).\nZuzana Martináková is married (her husband Marián Bednár is a director of the Department of Communication of the Office of the President Ivan Gašparovič) and she is a mother of three sons – Michal, Juraj and Tomáš.", "a.s, Petit Press (26 August 2002). \"SDKÚ's Martináková: \"Mečiar is a man of the past\"\". spectator.sme.sk. Retrieved 29 May 2021." ]

[ "Zuzana Martináková", "Life", "References" ]

[ 5360314 ]

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[ "Mauréry in 2017", "" ]

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[ "Zuzana Mauréry (born 23 September 1968) is a Slovak television, movie, and theatre actress, as well as a singer. She lives in Bratislava with her husband Ondrej Šoth, a choreographer and stage manager. She is a four-time candidate for national movie awards and a two-time laureate of the Sun in a Net Awards. She is also a member of the Slovak movie and television academy.\n“The key to success is teamwork and co-operation. A single person or entity does not have the ability to succeed alone. It is always in the combination of circumstances.” (Zuzana Mauréry)", "Mauréry comes from a family of musicians. Her father, Pavol Mauréry, was an opera soloist in the Slovak National Theatre for many years, while her mother, Darina Markovičová, was a choir soprano at the New Scene / Nová scéna theatre. She was born as their only child, during the period of normalization, shortly after the military intervention of the Warsaw pact in Czechoslovakia.\nThanks to her parents' profession, Mauréry grew up being financially secure. In her own words: \"They frequently went to the West, which meant my clothes were quite western. I was the first in my school to wear so-called zipper pants\". While attending a middle school for German speakers, she also took dance and piano lessons. Musicals fascinated her by their unusual form, though the singing itself did not. About her studies, Mauréry has said: \"I spent my childhood locked up in my room, while my parents had their practice session – which was basically non-stop. I wanted to become a stewardess and study languages, which is why I started learning English alongside German\". However, her parents persuaded her to study informatics at the nearby Juraj Hronec Grammar school in Bratislava instead, which was mainly focused on mathematical physics. Despite her focus on natural sciences, Mauréry successfully finished her studies in acting at the Academy of Performing Arts (VŠMU). She studied alongside such well-known actors as Roman Pomajbo, Peter Mankovecký, Dagmar Bruckmayerová, Zuzana Vačková, and Silvia Vargová.", "Mauréry's filmography consists of a number of films, both short and feature-length, and various television productions. She has acted in various theatrical productions as well. Her first performance on a theatre stage was in 1985 at Reduta (until 1993 the theatrical studio of the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava). She performed alongside her father in the opera Iolanta by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.\nShe has also performed in several musical plays and has made vocal contributions to recordings of other performers.\nShe is the co-author of the movie Jsem větší a lepší (2007), which combines animated and live-action scenes, together with Martin Duda. The film got a positive reception at various movie festivals, including an international nomination from the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the best student film of foreign origin. A different short movie, Almost There (2014), was made by Nonchalant, an alias of Mauréry. It won the prize for the best ensemble cast at the 13th Annual International Film Festival 24-hour Film Race, held in Brooklyn. Almost There featured such names as Gregor Hološka, Peter Kadlečík, Michal Jánoš, Anna Rakovská, Juraj Šimko, Mária Breiner-Mačáková, and Viera Frajtová.", "Mauréry has been nominated four times for a Slovak film and television academy (SFTA) award – twice for a main role and twice for a minor one. She has also been a three-time laureate for the Igric Awards, organized by the Slovak Film Union (SFZ), the Union of Creators for Slovak Television (ÚSTT), and the Literary Fund (LF).\nShe was nominated for a Sun in a Net award for her role in the feature film Return of the Storks (2007), directed by Martin Repka, though she didn't win.\nShe received the national movie award in 2014, when she was nominated by the SFTA twice at the same time. She managed to convince the expert jury with her performance in the bilingual drama Ďakujem, dobre (2012) by Mátyas Prikler. At the same time, she was nominated by the Czech Movie and Television Academy (ČFTA) for the Czech Lion award, for her role in the movie Colette (2013) by Milan Cieslar. She didn't win either award, but she received the Igric national creativity award for Best Female Performance.\nThe actress earned a second Igric award for her performance in the Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS) series Tajné životy (2014), directed by Ján Sebechlebský.\nMauréry's performance in the competitive dance show Showdance (2010) on TV JOJ earned her the title \"Queen of Dance\", accompanied by a symbolic crown.", "Since the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the actress has been active in the spheres of social responsibility and charity. While she focuses mostly on her home city when it comes to protecting the environment, she tends to focus mostly on children and the elderly when it comes to charity and social help.\nIn January 2010, Mauréry played a key role in a written appeal regarding the preservation of the local Park kultúry a oddychu to the leaders of cultural and scientific development. Other key members included ecologist Mikuláš Huba, actress Zuzana Kronerová, and the member of parliament for the Old Town city district in Bratislava, Ivan Bútora. A year later, she became one of six diplomats of the environmental project of the capital, called Hanging Gardens of Bratislava. She promoted this project in March 2011 by giving an interview to TV Bratislava.\nIn 2009, 2010, and 2012, she repeatedly supported the nonprofit organization Foundation of the Children of Slovakia, through their public charity Hour for kids, without receiving royalties. She took part in a similar campaign in September 2010, Konto bariéry, which was focused on helping children and disabled youths. It was founded by a nongovernmental organization, The Children's Fund of Slovakia. Mauréry started working with the SOCIA (Foundation for the Support of Social Change) fund shortly afterwards. She worked on the marketing campaign for the calendar Age Affects Us (2011). The actress lent her likeness to the campaign Helping Ladybird, which is focused on helping elderly people. During the Concert of All Generations, which was organized by the same group two years later, she performed together with her father.\n\nThe actress has appeared in a similar capacity at various other concerts. She made an appearance at the seventh charitable concert of the Humanitarian council of Slovakia – Benificium (2008). Two years later, she appeared at the concert Flame of Hope, taking place a day before Christmas and sponsored by the fund Headquarters of Hope. In 2010, she symbolically supported the cause of homelessness by baptizing the book of Július, a former street vendor of the NotaBene magazine.\n“I am looking for paths to various people, hopefully fate helps me continue this endeavor, which would make me happy. After all, the journey is the goal, and nothing is as important as love...Finding a path to yourself, is in my opinion enough workload for half a lifetime. Even being a woman is tough enough.” (Zuzana Mauréry)", "Television\nFilm", "", "", "(Taken from the Slovak Wikipedia page)\nSlnko v sieti [online]. Slovenská filmová a televízna akadémia, 2014, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola „2014“ – „Držitelia Slnka v sieti 2014“. Dostupné online.\nČlenovia [online]. Slovenská filmová a televízna akadémia, 2014, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola „Členovia SFTA“. Dostupné online.\nGáfrik, Zdeno; Bacharová, Nina. Mauréry zvíťazila v Showdance [online]. Pravda, 10.5.2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nKupsová, Daniela. Návštěva u Zuzany Mauréry: O důležitých věcech rozhoduje náhoda [online]. Deník, 14.12.2012, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online. (česky)\nMacháčková, Monika. Rodičia známych detí. Život (Ringier Axel Springer Slovakia), 16.10.2012, čís. 42, s. 30 – 32.\nVladimir Franz, Túto hudbu mám rád,\nKopcsayová, Iris. Generácia 1968. Akí sú tí, ktorí sa narodili v roku 1968? [online]. SME, 21.8.2008, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Sme stratená generácia – Zuzana Mauréry, herečka a speváčka. Dostupné online.\nHitka, Slavomír. Významné osobnosti medzi absolventmi GJH [online]. Gymnázium Jura Hronca, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Umelci. Dostupné online.\nLadislav Széplaki: Chart editing and text completion\nhttp://www.theatre.sk/sk/dokumentacia/databazy-online/is-theatre-sk/\nGaja, Michal. Exkluzivně a víme mezi prvními: Zlínský pes zná své vítěze [online]. Vychytane.cz, 6.6.2008, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola „Výsledková listina“. Dostupné online. (česky)\nTryhuková, Šárka a kol.. Ocenění B16 [online]. Sdružení pro B16 a alternativní film, MKC Brno, 2009, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola „49. ročník“, s. 53. Dostupné online. (anglicky a česky)\nFamuFest. Historie [online]. FAMU, 2007, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola „2007“ – „Vítězné filmy“/„Vítězové“. Dostupné online. (anglicky a česky)\nStudentský Oscar jde do Německa, v nominaci byl i Čech [online]. Týden, 16.5.2008, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online. (česky)\n24 Hour Film Race. Almost There [online]. FilmRacing.com, 2014, [cit. 2015-07-15]. Kapitola „Awards“. Dostupné online.\nKrištáľové krídlo. Laureáti Krištáľového krídla za rok 2016 [online]. KristaloveKridlo.sk, 30.1.2017, [cit. 2017-01-31]. Kapitola „Divadlo a audiovizuálne umenie“. Dostupné online.\nSpáčilová, Mirka; Šťástka, Tomáš. Vary vyhrálo maďarské Rodinné štěstí, uznání má i poslední Němcův film [online]. iDNES.cz, 9.7.2016, [cit. 2016-07-11]. Dostupné online. (česky)\nNominace na Ceny České filmové kritiky za rok 2016 [online]. FilmovaKritika.cz, 2.1.2017, [cit. 2017-01-08]. Dostupné online. (česky)\nNominacím na Českého lva vládnou filmy Masaryk, Anthropoid a Učitelka [PDF]. Česká filmová a televizní akademie, 18.1.2017, [cit. 2017-01-24]. Kapitola „Přehled nominací“. Dostupné online. (česky)\nRehák, Oliver. Producentka filmu roka: Verejnoprávne médiá nemajú slúžiť politikom, nepatria im [online]. Denník N, 07.04.2017, [cit. 2017-04-07]. Dostupné online.\n28. ročník IGRIC [online]. AIC.sk, 29.09.2017, [cit. 2017-10-29]\nOTO 2016 s prekvapeniami, emóciami aj problémami! Pozrite si odhalené kompletné poradie nominovaných [online]. MediaBoom.sk, 12.3.2017, [cit. 2017-03-12]. Kapitola „Herečka roka“. Dostupné online.\nSlnko v sieti [online]. Slovenská filmová a televízna akadémia, 2008, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola „2008“ – „Nominácie“. Dostupné online.\nSlnko v sieti [online]. Slovenská filmová a televízna akadémia, 2014, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola „2014“ – „Nominácie“. Dostupné online.\n25. Igric 2014 - Protokol o udelení cien (Výročné národné tvorivé ceny SFZ, ÚSTT a LF za audiovizuálnu tvorbu r. 2013) [online]. ilovefilm, s.r.o, 2014, [cit. 2015-05-12]. Kapitola „Igric a tvorivé prémie“. Dostupné online.\n26. Igric 2015 (Výročné národné ceny SFZ, ÚSTT a LF za audiovizuálnu tvorbu r. 2014) [online]. ilovefilm, s.r.o, 2015, [cit. 2015-05-12]. Kapitola „Najlepší ženský herecký výkon vo filmovom alebo TV diele“. Dostupné online.\nKočišek, Lukáš. Showdance vyhrala Zuzana Mauréry. Sledovanosť finále s Dianou Mórovou úvodný priamy prenos neprekonala [online]. Trend, 2014, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nnov. Kráľovnou Showdance je Zuzana \"Beyoncé\" Mauréry [online]. Korzár, 12.5.2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nČížová, Lucia. Víťazka Zuzana Mauréry pre HN: Showdance ma oslobodila [online]. Hospodárske noviny, 12.5.2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nKapitoly z environmentálnej politiky [online]. Príprava vydania Huba, Mikuláš; ilustrácie Mészárosová, Erika. I. vyd. Spoločnosť pre trvalo udržateľný život v spol. s BAO, Jún 2011, [cit. 2014-07-15]. (XII. diel.) Kapitola Otvorený list predstaviteľov kultúrnej a vedeckej obce a zástupcov občianskej verejnosti – K výzve sa pripojili, s. 26–28. Dostupné online.\nHuba, Mikuláš; Kronerová, Zuzana; Bútora, Ivan. Kampane – Žiadame zachovanie Parku kultúry a oddychu v Bratislave! [online]. ChangeNet, občiansky denník, 22.1.2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola K výzve sa pripojili. Dostupné online.\nKráková, Dorota. Aktivisti: Nech mesto k PKO spustí debatu – Ochranári vyzývajú vedenie Bratislavy na verejné rokovanie o PKO [online]. SME, 11.2.2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Prečítajte si otvorený list primátorovi Andrejovi Ďurkovskému (KDH). Dostupné online.\nBratislavské visuté záhrady [online]. visutezahrady.bratislava.sk, 3.3.2011, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Ambasádori. Dostupné online.\nTV Bratislava. Archív – Hostia a témy [online]. Televízia Bratislava, 16.3.2011, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Visuté záhrady. Dostupné online.\nVýročná správa 2009 [online]. Nadácia pre deti Slovenska, 2009, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Poďakovanie jednotlivcom, s. 53. Dostupné online.\nVýročná správa 2010 [online]. Nadácia pre deti Slovenska, 2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Poďakovanie, s. 61. Dostupné online.\nChangeNet. Blíži sa posledná výzva Hodiny deťom [online]. Nadácia pre deti Slovenska, 10.3.2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nGolf pre Hodinu deťom pod záštitou Petra Bondru [online]. Nadácia pre deti Slovenska, 13.8.2012, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nV piatok sa začne ďalšia charitatívna zbierka na pomoc deťom [online]. Tlačová agentúra Slovenskej republiky, 15.11.2012, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nHumanitný projekt Aby bolo jasno, pomôže Kontu Bariéry sumou 17 085 eur [online]. Detský fond Slovenskej republiky, 21.9.2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nNa domácej pôde [online]. Štýl & Elán, Október 2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Aby bolo jasno, s. 16. Dostupné online.\nRočná správa 2010 [online]. SOCIA – Nadácia pre podporu sociálnych zmien, 2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Kampaň a verejná zbierka Lienka pomoci – Vizuál „Staroba sa nás dotýka“, s. 27. Dostupné online.\nLienku pomoci podporí aj výnos z predaja kalendára na rok 2011 [online]. SOCIA – nadácia pre podporu sociálnych zmien, 2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nRočná správa 2012 [online]. SOCIA – Nadácia pre podporu sociálnych zmien, 2012, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola „Udalosti roka“, „Ďakujeme“, s. 6, 25. Dostupné online.\nred. Humanita [online]. Slovenská humanitná rada, 2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Lienka pomoci, s. 7. Číslo 8, ročník XIX. Dostupné online.\nSOCIA. Koncert všetkých generácií [online]. SOCIA – nadácia pre podporu sociálnych zmien, 2012, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Lienkapomoci.sk. Dostupné online.\nŠkrabálková, Margita; SHR. Humanita [online]. Slovenská humanitná rada, 2009, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Kapitola Nikdy nie je neskoro pripomenúť si víťazstvo ľudskosti, s. 5. Číslo 1–2, ročník XVIII. Dostupné online.\nŠkrabálková, Margita; SHR. Benefícium 2008 - Víťazstvo solidarity a ľudskosti [online]. Slovenská humanitná rada, 2008, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nDara Rolins, Robo Grigorov aj Zuzana Mauréry zapálili Plameň nádeje [online]. Denník 24hodin, 7.12.2011, [cit. 2014-07-15]. S. 16. Dostupné online.\nNotaBene. Kniha Júliusa pokrstená bozkom od Zuzany Mauréry [online]. Proti prúdu, 2.12.2010, [cit. 2014-07-15]. Dostupné online.\nKováčová, I. Hledání rodinné historie. ČT+, Praha, 2009, roč. 3, č. 10, s. 13.\n\"Český lev / 2013 / Nominace - filmy\" [Czech Lion / 2013 / Nominations - films]. Filmovaakademie (in Czech). Retrieved 25 September 2020.\n\"Správa o činnosti Literárneho fondu v roku 2012\" [Report on the activities of the Literary Fund in 2012] (PDF). Litfond (in Slovak). Retrieved 25 September 2020.\nLukáš Sabó: Translation", "Official website\nZuzana Mauréry at IMDb\nFilmography on CSFD\nBio and filmography on FDB.cz\nBio on I-divadlo.cz" ]

[ "Zuzana Mauréry", "Early life and education", "Career", "Awards and recognition", "Charity and activism", "Selected filmography", "Theatre", "Awards and nominations", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360315, 5360316 ]

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[ "Zuzana Navarová in 2003 in Vsetín.", "Navarová and Koa in Vsetín" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Zuzana_Navarova.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Koa-vsetin.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Navarová de Tejada (18 June 1959, Hradec Králové – 7 December 2004, Prague) was a Czech singer and songwriter. She began her career in the early 1980s as a member of Nerez, and gradually become one of the most significant personalities of the Czech folk and world music scene. Her style was partially inspired by Latin American music.", "Navarová studied Spanish and Czech language at the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy of the Charles University in Prague. A part of her studies Navarová spent in Havana, Cuba where she took music inspiration for her later career. Following her studies she began to work as a teacher. At the end of the 1980s, together with fellow musicians from Nerez, she studied also at the Prague Conservatory. Although she began her music career as a student, with the band Výlety, her breakthrough only came in early 1980s, when she joined Nerez. She met co-founding members of Nerez, Zdeněk Vřešťál and Vít Sázavský, during her studies in Prague. The performances with the band brought her first critical acclaim and popularity. In 1982, she won the best singer award at the festival Vokalíza in Prague.\nIn the 1990s, she began her brief solo career. Her only solo album Caribe she released with Caribe Jazz Quintet in 1992. It was sung in Spanish, in a Latin American musical style, using songs by Pablo Milanés and José Antonio Méndez. Shortly after that, she started a long-lasting collaboration with Colombian songwriter and guitarist Iván Gutiérrez. In 1991, the Czech Music Foundation awarded her as the best librettist of 1990. Nerez ended its activities in 1993, following the recording of the album Nerez v Betlémě. In 1994 she recorded another album with the band Tres, and since 1998 she began collaboration with the band Koa. In 2000, Gutiérrez moved to Madrid and Koa engaged a Romani musician Mário Bihári, with whom Navarová collaborated for the rest of her career.\nShe composed music for theatre plays and participated also in other musical activities. At the beginning of the 1990s she helped establishing the foundation Nadace Život umělce. As a producer, she collaborated with Věra Bílá and Kale) and helped at the beginning of the career of singer and accordionist Radůza.\nIn the early 2000s she became ill with cancer, but attempted to conceal her health condition from public and secretly underwent treatment. Navarová died of cancer in December 2004. She was 45. She performed at the stage with Koa even in the last days of her life; her last concert with the band took place in Prague, on 14 November 2004.\nDuring her stay in Cuba, Navarová married Luís de Tejada, whose name she later adopted. However, in later years she severed contacts with her husband. Iván Gutiérrez later indicated that Navarová married for the purpose of helping de Tejada to emigrate from Cuba.\nThe lyrics by Navarová from 1998 to 2004 were published in 2009, under the title Andělská počta.", "", "Porta '83 (various artists, 1984)\nDostavník 21: Tisíc dnů mezi námi / Za poledne (7\" EP, 1984)\nImaginární hospoda (7\" EP; with Karel Plíhal a Slávek Janoušek) (1986)\nMasopust (1986)\nNa vařený nudli (1988)\nKe zdi (1990)\nCo se nevešlo (Nerez a Vy) (1991)\nStará láska Nerez a vy (1993)\nNerez v Betlémě (1993)\nNerez antologie (1995)\nCo se nevešlo (pozdní sběr) (2001)\nNej nej nej (2001)\nSmutkům na kabát (2005)\nDo posledního dechu (2006)\n…a bastafidli! (2007)", "Caribe (1992)", "Tres (1995)", "Skleněná vrba (1999)\nZelené album (2000)\nBarvy všecky (2001)\nJako Šántidéví (2003)\nKoa (2006)", "Vánoční písně a koledy (Christmas Songs and Carols, 1992)\nMorytáty a balady (1993)\nSloni v porcelánu I. (1999) – sampler\nNebe počká (2004) – Zuzana Navarová sings five songs on the album by Karel Plíhal with lyrics by Josef Kainar\nSmutkům na kabát (2005) – compilation\nIn 2001, Navarová participated on the album Andělové z nebe by Radůza; Marie Rottrová included two songs by Navarová on her album Podívej (2001).", "Award of the folk festival PORTA (1982).\nThe best vocal performance at the Vokalíza in Prague (1982)\nThe main award from the festival PORTA and Vokalíza (1982)\nThe librettist of the Year (1990) – awarded by the Czech music Foundation (1991)\nCritics'nomination in the category female singers (Czech Grammy Awards) (1993)\nŽlutá ponorka (1999)\nCzech Academy of Music awarded her Anděl in the category folk music (2001)\nInduced into Hall of Fame of the Czech Academy of Pop Music (2005)", "Willoughby, Ian (8 December 2004). \"Much respected singer-songwriter Zuzana Navarova dies at 45\". Czech Radio. Retrieved 13 January 2010.\nVaughan, David (19 December 2004). \"Encore: Zuzana Navarova – remembering an exceptional Czech musician\". Czech Radio. Retrieved 13 January 2010.\n\"Zuzana Navarová\" (in Czech). Czech Television. Retrieved 13 January 2010.\nSvanovská (2009), p. 105\n\"Nerez – historie\" (in Czech). Nerez (Official website). Retrieved 13 January 2010.\n\"Bývalí spoluhráči Zuzany Navarové vydali album k její poctě\" (in Czech). Czech Press Agency. Retrieved 13 January 2010.\n\"Důležité je, co si myslím a co cítím, říká Radůza\" (in Czech). iDnes (Mladá Fronta Dnes). Retrieved 15 January 2010.\n\"Léta se Zuzanou (An interview with Iván Gutiérrez)\". Reflex (in Czech). Retrieved 16 January 2010.", "Vřešťál, Zdeněk (2009). Ne, Nerez nerezne (in Czech). Prague: Galén. ISBN 978-80-7262-611-3.\nNavarová, Zuzana; Svanovská, Hana (ed.) (2009). Andělská počta (in Czech). Brno: Host. ISBN 978-80-7294-267-1.", "Navarová Zuzana d.t. & KOA - Jako Šántidéví (Profile at indies.mg)" ]

[ "Zuzana Navarová", "Biography", "Discography", "Nerez", "Solo project Caribe", "Tres", "Koa", "Other", "Awards", "References", "Literature", "External links" ]

[ 5360317, 5360318 ]

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[ "Ondrášková playing at 2010 US Open" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Zuzana_Ondr%C3%A1%C5%A1kov%C3%A1_at_the_2010_US_Open_01.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Ondrášková (born 3 May 1980) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic.", "On 9 February 2004, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 74.\nHer career included wins over several top players, including Dinara Safina, Li Na, Daniela Hantuchová, Marion Bartoli and Jelena Dokic.\nIn her career, she reached one WTA Tour singles final, 2005 at Prague. In addition, she reached the semifinals of 2010 WRA Budapest as well as two additional quarterfinals, 2005 at Forest Hills and 2006 at Estoril. Ondrášková found most of her success on the ITF Women's Circuit, making 31 singles finals and winning 20 titles. She announced her retirement in 2013 at age 33.", "", "", "", "", "", "Zuzana Ondrášková at the Women's Tennis Association \nZuzana Ondrášková at the International Tennis Federation" ]

[ "Zuzana Ondrášková", "Playing career", "WTA career finals", "Singles: 1 (runner-up)", "ITF finals", "Singles (20–11)", "Doubles (0–2)", "External links" ]

[ 5360319 ]

[ 27239447, 27239448 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Zuzana_Susan_Piussi%2C_film_direcktor.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Piussi (born 21 October 1971 in Bratislava) is a Slovak director and documentary filmmaker, as well as an actress. She graduated from the Department of Directing at the Film and Television Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava. From 1992 to 2000, she worked with the theater Stoka. Subsequently, she was involved in the theater project SkRAT.", "Piussi's first documentary, Výmet (Wipe out) (2003) received a major trophy at the IFF in Beirut, Lebanon's oldest and best-known film festival and one of the important Arab film festivals. Two years later, her documentary feature \"Anjeli plačú\" (Angels Cry) (2005) was the favorite of cineasts at the International Documentary Film Festival in Jihlava (Czech Republic) and earned her the \"Audience Award.\"\nIn 2008, Piussi's semi-documentary Babička (Grandmother) received media attention because it told the story \"of an aging woman\" who does not \"want to give up love life.\" Her ad lets her meet young men.\nA year later, the filmmaker tackled a traumatic topic with her documentary Koliba (2009). The film focuses on the scandalous way Koliba, the Slovak national film studios, were privatized and stolen away.\nIn that same year, Susan Piussi also created a portrait of Pavel Branko entitled Hrdina našich čias (A Hero of Our Time). The title refers to Lermontov's novel and Branko's view of himself as \"a superfluous man.\"", "In 2011, she made the documentary film Disease of the Third Power that explores the current state of affairs at the top level of the Slovak judiciary. Claiming breach of confidentiality because her voice was heard and because her (blurred) face was seen in the documentary, Judge Helena Kožíková demanded compensation of 30 thousand euros. As The Slovak Spectator noted, Kožíková is \"a former member of the Judicial Council, Slovakia's top judicial body.\" The prosecution started a protracted investigation, charging \"violation of confidentiality of verbal expression in an (allegedly) private conversation.\" In October 2012, Czech artists declared their support for the filmmaker, petitioning Robert Fico, the Prime Minister of Slovakia: \"Mr. Fico , let Susan Piussi alone!\" According to the Bratislava ''SME'' (newspaper), \"about seventy artists, many of them in the past dissidents and political prisoners, responded to the fact that the filmmaker is facing imprisonment for a documentary about the Judiciary (...).\"\nThe case of the filmmaker was taken up by the Czech Foreign Minister Karel Schwarzenberg. \"She has made a great movie,\" he said. \"If you will be punishing her for it, you go back 25 years in time,\" he said. Citing the SITA news agency, SME reported on November 16, 2012 that the Ministry of Justice had stopped the charge against Susan Piussi. Three days later, the Prague daily Respekt published an article entitled \"The crooked judges of Slovakia.\" Piussi was facing the possibility of two years in jail plus compensation payment to judge Kožíková, the press reported. When prosecution was still carrying on the investigation after two years and three months without tangible results, this was criticized in the press as a form of \"bullying\" the film director. In December 2012, SME reported that members of Parliament were invited to see \"The Disease of the Third Power\" but few came, among them MEP Andrej Hrnčiar from Most who said that the current situation in the judiciary brings to mind the period of 'Meciarism'. In January 2013, the police investigation against Piussi was stopped. According to the film director, this was due to pressure from the media and the fact that nearly 3,000 people signed a petition.", "Despite the pressure inflicted on her, Piussi made two documentaries in 2012, Od Fica do Fica (From Fico to Fico) and Krehká identita (Fragile Identity), which is about the appearance or re-emergence of a questionable \"nationalism\" in multi-lingual and multi-cultural Slovakia. As Kristína Kúdelová pointed out, From Fico to Fico is a film that \"explores the organizational background of the Gorilla protests\" in Slovakia whereas Fragile Identity \"was looking for the reason why idealistic patriotism turns into a dangerous nationalism (...).\"\nThe film From Fico to Fico was rejected by Slovak multiplex cinemas but could finally be screened in smaller film theaters and it is also available on the Internet. Available on the internet, From Fico to Fico immediately found a large audience. According to Denisa Štrbová, \"the new film is even more controversial than the previous one.\" She quoted Filip Kršák, spokesman of DAFilms, as saying that \"this film is a fundamental report about present Slovakia and unfortunately not an optimistic one. The film is the director's response to all who wanted to silence her.\"\nIn view of the filmmaker's penchant to tackle risky subjects, Zuzana Mojžišová called Susan Piussi the \"Guerilla Girl of Slovak film\" in a review that appeared in the Slovak weekly .týždeň.\nIn December 2012, From Fico to Fico won the SME survey that determined the most significant cultural event of the year, in the category film. The two documentary films completed by her in 2012 (Disease of the Third Power and Fragile Identity) also reached rank 4 and 5 respectively in a survey of nearly 300 people who work professionally in the field of culture.\nStill in December 2012, Fragile Identity won the first prize in the 13th documentary film festival Jeden svet (One World), 2012.\nIn 2013, Piussi received the Andrej Stankovič Prize for her most recent documentary, \"Fragile Identity.\"", "", "In an interview with Susan Uličianska, Piussi notes that she is making \"creative documentaries\" (that is to say, art films, and not documentations for television): \"I make my films as a provocation. The movie has to have humor.... Even in Stoka (the theater she worked with) there was often laughter through tears.\" \"(A) documentary can only arise when people are open.\" Regarding the film \"From Fico to Fico\" that features the Gorilla protests while attempting to explore their organizational background, she says, \"A scene from the film, in which people gathered on the central square trying to debate issues of national defense and economic growth, resembled surreal poetics of the Stoka theater. It's my favorite scene. It shows how the heterarchic system in Slovakia works when people have to agree on something. Scenes like this cannot be invented, they simply inspire you and you capture them. ... Maybe I'm strange, but I want to be constantly surprised. Some believe in the brain and their ego and [maybe] someone is really so smart that it all works out exactly as he planned. I obviously am not narcissistic enough, I am a seeker. If something arouses my interest, I let things develop freely as in love. If I see that I have captured something essential, I integrate it into the picture.\"\nTo the interviewer's interjection that somebody could comment: this is \"a typically feminine way of thinking,\" Piussi responds, \"I am glad to have a feminine way of thinking and seeing. Nevertheless I am sure that if such documentaries were done by men, they would be more accepted.\" (The second part of that sentence makes the assessment 'feminine' relative: it implies that men can and perhaps should work like that, too.)\nThe interview reveals that sometimes others accuse Piussi of not knowing enough about what she is filming, of not having a clear understanding. She says: \"Listening to all those interviews with artists on radio Devín, it is clear to me that you have to present yourself, talk in this academic tone. But I reject this kind of wisdom, and people take me then for being stupid. After all, you do not even know what you filmed!, they tell me.\" This is perhaps because Piussi refuses to start with preconceptions and because she leaves many things 'open' in her documentaries, so that people can see them and make up their own mind. Searching for the truth is important. Of Michael Moore she says politely that he \"is a brilliant filmmaker\", but then adds, \"In my opinion, he manipulates the truth.\" She also makes clear that what she rejects as a filmmaker and citizen is – stereotypes: \"We are swamped under a heap of prejudices!\" Film, for her, is a way to challenge prejudice.", "What Krekovič, a film critic writing for SME, has to say about Piussi's film Koliba also reveals something about her method or way of working as a documentary filmmaker. Krekovič notes that filmmakers bear part of the guilt, too, having failed to prevent the privatization with its disastrous ending, and then continues: \"Zuzana Piussi is looking for an answer to that question. It is strange to look at her. The frail woman wandering around on the grounds of the former studios, stumbling on red high heels and questioning those who could have something to say about the case. Including filmmakers, producers, former Ministers of Culture and their drivers. Some pretend to be sincere, but beat about the bush, others pour ashes on their head. Only one thing is obvious - their versions differ. Truck drivers, who were carting the stolen equipment away from Koliba, make hints but are afraid to say more. Yes, she has truth at heart, this is true, but the film is to be decent and shall harm no one (...)\"\nKrekovič is not happy with the result, perhaps. At least he says, \"If somebody has awaited an investigative report, he will be disappointed.\" But then he poses a remarkable question: Is the way Piussi proceeds the result of her \"helplessness\" or does it indicate a \"method?\" He quotes Piussi: \"\"I'm not the type disposed to 'poke', in such cases,\" she confessed to the magazine Film.sk.\" Krekovič continues, \"Whether this is helplessness or method, is difficult to discern. But it is her style: rather than analyzing, she is fishing for situations where the truth opens and reveals itself. The filmmaker (...) captures something about people that says more than what they speak: gestures , evasive answers and empty phrases . (...) An example is the scene with Ivan Hudec, the former Minister of Culture. \"It's beautiful,\" he says enthusiastically to Piussi, pointing at the little lake which the former politician has next to his villa. Beautiful it would be - if the question would not hang in the air who stole away all the equipment of Koliba at the time when the government in office included himself.\"", "During the interview with Susan Uličianska, the interviewer says: \"Do you really think that Oligarchy is the natural arrangement of Slovakia\", as the cartoon character at the end of the film From Fico to Fico proclaims?\" Piussi's immediate reaction is emphasizing the humor in her films which she conceives as a provocation, too. But later on, in the interview, she says, \"Protest is important, otherwise politicians and financial groups will do with us what they want.\"", "Výmet (Wipe out), 22 min. (2003)\nBezbožná krajina (Godless country; TV film), 34 min. (2004)\nAnjeli plačú (Angels Cry), 54 min. (2005)\nStoka (2007), 18 min. – (About the theater Stoka.)\nStoka – Epilog (2007), 19 min.\nBabička (Grandmother), 74 min. (2008)\nMyslím, tedy slam (I think, therefore slam), 51 min. (2008)\nKoliba, 45 min. (2009) – (About the scandalous way Koliba, the Slovak national film studios, were privatized and stolen away.)\nHrdina našich čias (A Hero of Our Time), 55 min. (2009)\nNemoc tretej moci (Disease of the Third Power), 52 min. (2011)– (Scandals that afflict the Slovak judiciary.)\nKuracia láska (Chicken Love), 45 min. (2011)\nMuži revolúcie (Men of the Revolution), 65 min. (2011) – (Politicians of November 1989 are remembering today the events that occurred at that time, offering conflicting versions.)\nOd Fica do Fica (From Fico to Fico), 82 min. (2012)\nKrehká identita (Fragile Identity), 70 min. (2012)\nPřímý přenos (Transference), 57 min. (2014)\nTěžká volba (Difficult Choice), 72 min. (2016)\nČeský Alláh (Czech Allah), 91 min. (2017)", "Mariana Jaremková, \"Gorila a politické zoo,\" in: film.sk, No.11/2012, pp. 22–23. (On the film From Fico to Fico.) Also online: http://www.filmsk.sk/uploads/wnm/page/pdf_sk/91/filmsk-11-2012.pdf\nNina Hradiská, \"O nich, o nás,\" in: film.sk, No. 12/2012, pp. 32–33. (On the film From Fico to Fico.) Also online: http://www.filmsk.sk/uploads/wnm/page/pdf_sk/90/filmsk-12-2012.pdf", "Zuzana Uličianska, \"Od Piussi do Piussi - slabý hlas, ktorý výrazne počuť (From Piussi to Piussi - faint voice that is plainly heard),\" interview with Susan Piussi, in: SME, Dec. 21, 2012\nMatej Adamov, \"Režisérka Zuzana Piussi (The Film Director Susan Piussi)\", in:TNU trendy, Časopis o živote študentov a učitel'ov Trenčianskej Univerzity Alexandra Dubčeka, ročnik 2/ čislo 2, 2013, p.23. – Also online: \nZuzana Uličianska, \"Od Piussi do Piussi - slabý hlas, ktorý výrazne počuť (From Piussi to Piussi - faint voice that is plainly heard),\" interview with Susan Piussi, in: SME, Dec. 21, 2012\nkul (i.e., culture page editor), \"Cena pre Zuzanu Piussi. Slovenská dokumentaristka získala Cenu Andreja Stankoviča (Prize for Susan Piussi. Slovak documentarist was awarded the Andrej Stankovič prize)\" in: SME, June 27, 2013.\nkul (i.e., culture page editor), \"Cena pre Zuzanu Piussi. Slovenská dokumentaristka získala Cenu Andreja Stankoviča (Prize for Susan Piussi. Slovak documentarist was awarded the Andrej Stankovič prize)\" in: SME, June 27, 2013.\nkk, \"Zuzana Piussi predstaví voyerský dokument o zrelej žene a mladíkoch (Susan Piussi presents a voyeuristic documentary about a mature woman and young men),\" in: SME, March 8, 2010.\nIris Kopcsayová, \"Mierne zvrhlá babička. V Prahe mal premiéru film Babička. Nie je to čistý dokument, ale nie je to ani fikcia (Slightly kinky granny: In Prague, the film \"Grandmother\" premiered. It is not a pure documentary, but it's neither a fiction.),\" in: SME, March 2, 2009, culture page.\nMiloš Krekovič commented, \"It was our national treasure, say those who weep for it. (...) During 53 years, 331 feature films were made here. Today the site is home of a private television company and films made in Slovakia are sent abroad for processing. How could this happen? The filmmakers bear part of the guilt, too, for failing to prevent the privatization with a disastrous ending, we learn in this documentary.\" Miloš Krekovič, \"Kto rozkradol Kolibu? (Who did steal Koliba away?),\" in: Sme, March 25, 2009, culture page.\nAndreas Weiland, \"Svet plný krásy – a nad priepasťou (A world of beauty – and at the edge of the abyss),\" in: Kino-Ikon, A Journal for the Sciences of the Moving Image and Cinema, Vol. 16, No.1, 2012, pp.212-218.\nFilmárke hrozí väzenie, sudkyni sa nepáčil dokument (Filmmaker faces imprisonment, the judge did not like the documentary)\", in: SME.sk, Oct. 29, 2012. (also online).\nThe Slovak Spectator, Jan. 21, 2013.\nThe Slovak Spectator, Jan. 21, 2013.\nVeronika Prušová, \"Za filmárku Piussi sa prihovoril u Fica český underground (Czech underground put in a word for filmmaker Piussi, turning to premier Fico),\" in: SME, Oct.30, 2012.\nVeronika Prušová, ibidem.\nFilmárke hrozí väzenie, sudkyni sa nepáčil dokument (Filmmaker faces imprisonment, the judge did not like the documentary)\", in: SME.sk, Oct. 29, 2012.\nSITA news agency, \"Borec: V kauze Piussi stojím na strane slobody prejavu: Pre film Nemoc tretej moci od Zuzany Piussi zatiaľ nikoho neobvinili. Minister spravodlivosti sa autorky zastal. (Borec: Regarding the Piussi affair, I stand for freedom of expression: Because of the film Disease of the Third Power by Susan Piussi nobody has been charged as yet. The Minister of Justice stood up for the filmmaker, \" in: SME, Nov. 16, 2012.\nMartin M. Šimečka, \"The crooked judges of Slovakia,\" in: Respekt (Prague), Nov. 19, 2012. (Translated from the Czech by Anton Baer ). See also: Martin M. Šimečka, \"A Gorilla tearing down the system,\" in: Respekt (Prague), Feb. 1, 2012. (Translated from the Czech by Anton Baer. - Both article supply useful background information.\nTASR+ SITA (News agencies), \"Film o justícii od Piussi si prišlo pozrieť len zopár poslancov (Only a few members of parliament came to see a film about the judiciary by Piussi),\" in: SME, Dec. 18, 2012. - The term Meciarism refers to the situation encountered in Slovakia under Vladimír Mečiar.\nSITA News agency, \"Prosecution of filmmaker Zuzana Piussi halted,\" in: The Slovak Spectator, Jan. 21, 2013\nMiroslav Kern, Nestíhajú už ani pre film Zuzany Piussi. Tlak médií má význam, tvrdí. There is no prosecution as yet, in the case of Susan Piussi's picture. Media pressure makes sense, she claims. SME, Jan. 18, 2013.\nKristína Kúdelová, \"Filmom roka je dokument Zuzany Piussi 'Od Fica do Fica' (The Documentary 'From Fico to Fico' by Susan Piussi is the picture of the year)\", in: SME, Dec.17, 2012, culture page.\nMiloš Krekovič, Od Fica do Fica. Aký je film, ktorý sa stal kauzou (From Fico to Fico. What kind of a movie became a scandal). Bratislava: Petit Press, Nov. 20, 2012.\nDenisa Štrbová, \"Controversial Slovak docmaker Zuzana Piussi hits back with new online doc release,\" in: \nZuzana Mojžišová, Guerilla girl slovenského filmu (Guerilla girl of Slovak cinema), in: .týždeň (A Bratislava weekly; editor-in-chief: Štefan Hríb; published by PRESS W), No. 48/2012, p.47. - ISSN 1336-5932.\nKristína Kúdelová, Filmom roka je dokument Zuzany Piussi Od Fica do Fica (Documentary of the year: Susan Piussi's From Fico to Fico). Bratislava. Petit Press, Dec. 17, 2012.\nKristína Kúdelová, ibidem.\nEva Sládková, Víťazom festivalu Jeden svet je Krehká identita (The winner of the One World Festival is Fragile Identity. Bratislava filmpress.sk, Dec. 10, 2012.\nkul (i.e., culture page editor), \"Cena pre Zuzanu Piussi. Slovenská dokumentaristka získala Cenu Andreja Stankoviča (Prize for Susan Piussi. Slovak documentarist was awarded the Andrej Stankovič prize)\" in: SME, June 27, 2013.\nZuzana Uličianska, \"Od Piussi do Piussi - slabý hlas, ktorý výrazne počuť (From Piussi to Piussi - faint voice that is plainly heard)\" (an interview), in: SME, Dec. 21, 2012.\nMiloš Krekovič, \"Kto rozkradol Kolibu? (Who did Koliba steal away?),\" in: Sme, March 25, 2009, culture page.\nZuzana Uličianska, \"Od Piussi do Piussi - slabý hlas, ktorý výrazne počuť (Piussi on Piussi - faint voice that is plainly heard)\" (an interview), in: SME, Dec. 21, 2012.", "http://www.csfd.cz/ Check: Zuzana Piussi in: the Czech-Slovak Film Database\nhttp://vimeo.com/22138046 - Director Susan Piussi presents her new film \" Chicken Love \"\nhttp://www.probiznis.eu/politikov-filmy-prilis-nezaujimaju/ - Susan Piussi: \"Politicians do not care too much about movies \"\nhttps://www.imdb.com/find?q=zuzana+piussi&s=all" ]

[ "Zuzana Piussi", "Piussi's start as a documentary filmmaker", "The Disease of the Third Power", "From Fico to Fico and Fragile Identity", "How Piussi works", "as revealed in an interview", "as revealed by the analysis of a film critic", "Piussi's analysis of the present situation", "Filmography", "Literature", "References", "External links" ]

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[ 27239449, 27239450, 27239451, 27239452, 27239453, 27239454, 27239455, 27239456, 27239457, 27239458, 27239459, 27239460, 27239461, 27239462, 27239463, 27239464, 27239465, 27239466, 27239467, 27239468, 27239469, 27239470, 27239471, 27239472, 27239473, 27239474, 27239475, 27239476, 27239477, 27239478, 27239479, 27239480, 27239481, 27239482, 27239483, 27239484, 27239485, 27239486, 27239487, 27239488, 27239489, 27239490, 27239491, 27239492, 27239493, 27239494 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Stefecekova_London_ceremony_cutout.JPG" ]

[ "Zuzana Rehák-Štefečeková (born 15 January 1984) is a female Slovak sports shooter. She won the gold medal in the Women's Trap event at the 2020 Summer Olympics and the silver medal at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.", "Her first big successes were bronze medals from 2002 World and European Junior Championships. She also placed fourth at the 2001 World Junior Championships and fifth at the 1999 World Junior Championship. As a junior, she also competed in double trap, her best results were the 6th place from the 2001 World Junior Championships and 7th place from the 1999 World Junior Championship.", "She entered the 2008 Summer Olympics as a holder of the qualification (74 hits) and final (96) world records which she achieved in 2006 at the World Cup event in Qingyuan. She won the qualification round, but placed second in the final, where she missed two more targets than Satu Mäkelä-Nummela of Finland. Her world records lasted to the 2012 Summer Olympics, where they were overcome by Jessica Rossi of Italy, who missed only one target in the whole competition. Štefečeková was the most successful in the silver medal shoot-off, beating Delphine Réau of France and Alessandra Perilli of San Marino. She is the first sports shooter who managed to defend her medal in the women's trap competition at the Olympic Games. Despite qualifying for the 2016 Summer Olympics, she did not compete due her maternity leave.\nRehák-Štefečeková competed in two events at the 2020 Summer Olympics, women's trap (individual) and mixed trap team with Erik Varga. She won the qualification in the individual trap event, setting the new world and Olympic record by hitting all 125 targets. She won the gold medal in the finals, the first ever gold medal for Slovakia from shooting events. Rehák-Štefečeková managed to hit 43 of 50 targets, one more than the silver medalist Kayle Browning. She thus became the most successful shooter in Olympic women's trap, with one gold and two silver medals (no other Olympic champion has ever managed to win another medal in this event). In the mixed trap team event she and Erik Varga placed third in the qualification, missing only one target out of 75, while Varga missed three. They advanced into the bronze medal match, where they managed hit the equal number of targets (42) as Madelynn Bernau and Brian Burrows from the USA, but ultimately lost in the subsequent shoot-off, finishing fourth.", "Competing at the senior level, Štefečeková won her first medal at the 2003 World Championships, where she finished third. After placing 10th in 2006, 9th in 2007 and 6th in 2009, she won the gold medal at the 2010 World Championships, with 72 hits in qualification and 19 in final, beating Liu Yingzi and Jessica Rossi. She added a silver medal in 2011, where only Liu Yingzi defeated her and a bronze medal in 2017. Her biggest success came at the 2018 World Championships, where she won the gold medal not only in the individual event, defeating Wang Xiaojing in the final shoot-off, but also in the mixed trap with Erik Varga.\nHer total score from the European Championships in the single-target individual trap event is two gold (2015 and 2016), three silver (2008, 2010 and 2013) and three bronze (2006, 2014 and 2018) medals. She also won the silver medal in the individual double trap event at the 2018 European Championships and five medals in team events: gold in 2018 (mixed double trap with Hubert Andrzej Olejnik), silver in 2015 (women's trap team) and 2018 (mixed trap with Erik Varga) and bronze in 2013 and 2017 (women's trap team).", "At the first European Games, with Erik Varga, they won a gold medal in the mixed trap event. She also won seven individual World Cup events, including two World Cup finals.", "Štefečeková is a committed Christian, she studied missionary and charitable work in Bratislava. In 2016, she gave birth to a son, Nathan.", "\"Zuzana STEFECEKOVA\". beijing2008.cn. Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games. Archived from the original on 13 August 2008.\n\"Zuzana Rehak Stefecekova\". ISSF.com. International Shooting Sport Federation. Retrieved 1 August 2021.\n\"Strelkyňa Štefečeková nepôjde do Ria, dôvodom tehotenstvo\" [Shooter Štefečeková will not go to Rio, the reason for pregnancy]. sport.sme.sk. Retrieved 20 August 2016.\n\"Shooting – Trap Women – Qualification Results (Tokyo 2020)\" (PDF). Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021. REHAK STEFECEKOVA Zuzana\n\"Shooting – Trap Women – Final Results (Tokyo 2020)\" (PDF). Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021. REHAK STEFECEKOVA Zuzana\n\"Shooting – Mixed Trap – Qualification Results (Tokyo 2020)\" (PDF). Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021. REHAK STEFECEKOVA Zuzana\n\"Shooting – Mixed Trap – Final Results (Tokyo 2020)\" (PDF). Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021. REHAK STEFECEKOVA Zuzana\n\"Strieborná olympijská medailistka zo Slovenska sa chystá na misiu do Etiópie\" [A silver Olympic medalist from Slovakia is preparing for a mission to Ethiopia]. cs.christiantoday.com. Archived from the original on 25 August 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2008. Zuzana Štefečeková\n\"Rehák Štefečeková priviedla na svet syna Nathana\" [Rehák Štefečeková gave birth to her son Nathan]. sport.sme.sk. Retrieved 17 August 2016.", "Zuzana Stefecekova at Olympics.com\nZuzana Rehak Stefecekova at the International Shooting Sport Federation \nZuzana Rehák Štefečeková at Olympedia\nZuzana Rehák Štefečeková at Olympic.sk (in Slovak)" ]

[ "Zuzana Rehák-Štefečeková", "Career", "Olympic Games", "World and European Championships", "Other competitions", "Personal life", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360321 ]

[ 27239495, 27239496, 27239497, 27239498, 27239499, 27239500, 27239501, 27239502, 27239503, 27239504, 27239505, 27239506, 27239507 ]

[ "", "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Zuzkaroithova.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Josef_To%C5%A1ovsk%C3%BD%2C_Czech_Prime_Minister.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Roithová (born 30 January 1953) is a Czech politician and former Member of the European Parliament. She was vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, a substitute on the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality and a member of the Delegation for relations with the countries of Central America.\nShe was a candidate in Czech presidential election 2013. In the 1st round of the election held in January 2013, she placed 6th with 4,95% (255,045 votes). She didn't qualify for the second round.\nHaving previously served as Minister of Health, Senator and as Chair of the European Movement in the Czech Republic, she is a signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism and a member of the Reconciliation of European Histories Group.", "1978: Faculty of General Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.\n1997: Master of Business Administration, Sheffield Hallam University, UK.\nCertificate of Professional Development in Healthcare Management (Executive Education), The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, USA.", "1998: Charles University Jubilee Medal", "1979–1992: Hospital doctor\nHead of Prague Faculty Hospital (1990–1998) and Chairwoman of the Czech Association of Hospitals\n1998: Minister of Health\n1998–2004: Senator\nChairwoman of the Senate Committee on Health and Social Policy (2000–2002), member of the permanent delegation of the Czech Parliament to the WEU\n2000–2002: Chairwoman of the International European Movement in the Czech Republic\n2001–2003: Deputy Chairwoman of KDU-ČSL (Christian Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party)", "2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic", "\"Volba prezidenta republiky konaná ve dnech (Presidential Election held 11 January – 12 January 2013)\" (in Czech). volby.cz. Retrieved 13 January 2013.\n\"Prague Declaration: Selected signatories\". Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.\n\"About Us – Reconciliation of European Histories Group\". Reconciliation of European Histories Group. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2011.", "Official website \nPersonal profile of Zuzana Roithová in the European Parliament's database of members\nJuly 2004.PDF Declaration (PDF) of financial interests (in Czech)" ]

[ "Zuzana Roithová", "Education", "Decorations", "Career", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360322 ]

[ 27239508, 27239509, 27239510 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Zuzka_winning_at_ME_23_Kaunas.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Schindlerová (born 25 April 1987) is Czech athlete, whose specialization is race walking. She was born in Baška, Czechoslovakia.", "She competed at championship in Lugano 9 March 2008 with a time 1:33:15 A-limit at 20 km race and has qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She has finished the olympic race as 27th with time 1:32:57. 6 minutes and 26 seconds behind the winner Olga Kaniskina from Russia. In the year of 2009 she has won the silver medal in Kaunas, Lithuania at European Athletics U23 Championships. At IAAF World Championships in Athletics in Berlin 2009 she finished 19th.\nShe has won the Czech Championships in 20 km racewalking twice. She won the first gold in 2008 in Poděbrady.", "European Athletics Race Walking Permit series continues in Podebrady Archived 3 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine", "Zuzana Schindlerová at World Athletics\n\"Official website\" (in Czech). Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2010.\nZuzana Schindlerová at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)\nZuzana Schindlerova at the International Olympic Committee\nProfile at Race Walk UK\nProfile at World rankings\n\"World Rankings in Athletics\". Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.\nProfile at The-Sports.org\nProfile at All-Athletics.com" ]

[ "Zuzana Schindlerová", "Biography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360323 ]

[ 27239511, 27239512, 27239513 ]

[ "", "" ]

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[ "Zuzana Smatanová (born June 14, 1984 Súľov-Hradná) is a Slovak pop-rock singer. She sings in Slovak and in English, writing her own lyrics and music. She plays the piano, the flute and the guitar.\nIn 1998 she was accepted to Pedagogical and Social Academy in Turčianske Teplice, but was more attracted to writing music than to being a teacher", "She won the Slovak Coca-Cola Popstar (2003) competition, the \"Discovery of the Year\" category at Aurel Awards 2003, Female singer of the year on \"OTO\" in 2004 and 2005 and Best female singer on \"Slavik\" in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010.", "Entirely good (September 8, 2003)\nSvet mi stúpil na nohu (October 10, 2005)\nTabletky odvahy (September 24, 2007)\nLive! (CD and DVD, 2008)\nGemini (2CD, 2009)\nDvere (2011)\nMomenty (2013)\nEcho (2018)\nShe also collaborated with Desmod (song \"Pár dní\" from Skupinová terapia album, and song \"Čiernobiela\" from Kyvadlo album) and IMT Smile (songs \"Suzanna\" and \"Úsmev a čaj (I Am Tea-Smile)\" from Exotica album).", "The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time", "Official homepage (SK)\nOfficial Fanclub homepage (SK)" ]

[ "Zuzana Smatanová", "Awards in slovak competitions", "Discography", "See also", "External links" ]

[ 5360324 ]

[ 27239514, 27239515, 27239516 ]

[ "Tomčíková representing Slovakia at the 2011 IIHF Women's World Championship" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Tomcikova_Zuzana.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Tomčíková (born 23 April 1988) is a Slovak retired ice hockey and ball hockey goaltender, currently working as a sports specialist with the Slovak Olympic and Sports Committee. She was a member of the Slovak women's national ice hockey team from age 12 to 26, and represented Slovakia in the 2010 Winter Olympics and at several IIHF Women's World Championships. As a member of the Slovak women's national ball hockey team, she won silver medals at the Ball Hockey World Championship in 2009 and 2013, bronze in 2015, and placed fourth in 2017.\nTomčíková's ice hockey club career was played with HC Slovan Bratislava of the Elite Women's Hockey League (EWHL), Linköping HC Dam of the Swedish Riksserien, the Bemidji State Beavers of the NCAA Division I, HC Tornado of the Russian Women's Hockey League, and HC Petržalka of the Slovak Women's Extraliga, in addition to a season played in the men's European University Hockey League (EUHL) with the Paneuropa Kings of Pan-European University.", "During some of her teen years, Tomčíková attended Caronport High School, a private parochial school in Caronport, Saskatchewan, Canada. As a sophomore, she won the Regina League Championship (regional), the Provincial Championship, and the Western Shield with the Caronport women's ice hockey team. She also played with the boys Tier II team in the South Central Minor Hockey League (SCMHL).", "Tomčíková was playing in the top women's league in Sweden, the Riksserien (renamed SDHL in 2015) before joining the Bemidji State Beavers in 2008. She inherited the starting goaltender position at Bemidji State from Emily Brookshaw, who had set career marks in almost every major goaltending category as a Beaver. As a freshman, she was named to the All-WCHA Second Team and All-WCHA Rookie Team. She played 1805:08 minutes and recorded a .917 save percentage and a 3.09 goals against average, becoming the second Beaver to eclipse the single-season quadruple-save plateau, with 1,025 saves. She tied the school record with three shutouts and became the first player in conference history to be named WCHA Defensive Player of the Week on three straight occasions (10 December, 17 December and 7 January). At season's end, she became the first Beaver to earn All-WCHA Second Team honors. On 28 January 2012, the Wisconsin Badgers hosted a record crowd of 12,402 attended the Kohl Center as Wisconsin swept the Bemidji State Beavers. Tomčíková made 32 saves in front of the record breaking crowd, while her Badgers rival, Alex Rigsby, earned her sixth shutout of the season. After her senior season, she was a member of the four-year class with the most wins in Beaver history, which included with fellow seniors Kimberly Lieder, Alana McElhinney, Montana Vichorek, Marlee Wheelhouse and Lauren Williams.", "Tomčíková made her first appearance with the senior Slovak national team at the 2003 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships – Division II, where the 15 year old earned a .958 save percentage and 1.20 goals against average across three games played.\nTomčíková was in net as Canada defeated Slovakia at the 2010 Winter Olympics by an 18–0 mark. She was upset after the match, as she had never allowed so many goals in her career. Tomčíková faced a career-high 67 shots in the game against Canada. In a statement, she said she was really happy her team didn't quit on her and the team was cheering her on after every single goal.\nTomčíková represented Slovakia in the ice hockey tournament at the 2011 Winter Universiade, earning a bronze medal as she made 26 saves in a 3–1 victory over the United States.\nTomčíková represented Slovakia at the 2011 IIHF Women's World Championship. She was named Slovakia's Player of the Game for two games in the tournament, against the United States and Russia. Slovakia's coaches selected her as one of the team's Top Three players for the tournament. Tomčíková played in all five of Slovakia's games during the tournament, facing 250 shots in total, making 237 saves. She finished with a save percentage of 0.948, and a goals against average of 2.56. She had one win, and one shutout. She was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player, and her play was largely responsible for keeping Slovakia in the top division of women's IIHF play.", "", "Sources: US College Hockey Online, Elite Prospects", "", "", "2008–09 All-WCHA Second Team\nWCHA Defensive Player of the Week (Week of 12 October 2009)\nWCHA Defensive Player of the Week (Week of 9 November 2009)\nWCHA Co-Defensive Player of the Week (Week of 20 January 2010)\n2010 Patty Kazmaier Award nominee\n2010 Co-WCHA Player of the Year\n2010 WCHA All-Academic Team\nWCHA Defensive Player of the Week (Week of 5 October 2010)\nWCHA Defensive Player of the Week (Week of 4 October 2011)\n2011 All-WCHA Second Team\n2011–12 CCM/ACHC Hockey Women's Division I All-American, Second Team\n2011–12 Bemidji State Female Student-Athlete of the Year", "2011 IIHF Women's World Championship Media All-Star team\n2011 IIHF Women's World Championship Most Valuable Player", "2013 Ball Hockey World Championship All-Star Team\n2017 Ball Hockey World Championship Best Goaltender", "\"Zuzana Tomcikova, Ice Hockey\". Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.\nStaffieri, Mark (10 June 2013). \"Dawn Tulk Scores Twice as Canada Claims World Ball Hockey Title on Home Soil\". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 8 February 2021.\nKratochvíl, Marek (6 March 2017). \"I don't even remember how I started with ball hockey, goalie star Tomcikova admits with a smile\". pardubice2017.com. Retrieved 8 February 2021.\nCrouse, Karen; Roth, Andrew (5 February 2014). \"Warming to Women on the Ice\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 February 2021.\n\"Women's Ice Hockey: #88 Zuzana Tomcikova\". Bemidji State Athletics. 2009. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2010.\n\"Women's Record Crowd of 12,402 Watches Host Badgers Edge BSU at Kohl Center\" (PDF). Western Collegiate Hockey Association: 2. 31 January 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2021.\n\"Beavers wrap up regular season at St. Cloud State\". Bemidji State Athletics. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2021.\n\"Zuzana Tomcikova Archives – Macleans.ca\". Macleans.ca.\nMacdonald, Nancy (24 February 2010). \"Facing off against Hayley\". Maclean's. Retrieved 11 March 2021.\n\"Best Players Per Game\" (PDF). International Ice Hockey Federation. 25 April 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011.\n\"Best Players of Each Team Selected by Coaches\" (PDF). International Ice Hockey Federation. 25 April 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011.\n\"Player Statistics by Team – Slovakia\" (PDF). International Ice Hockey Federation. 25 April 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2011.\n\"Tomcikova named MVP\". International Ice Hockey Federation. 25 April 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011.\n\"Zuzana Tomcikova: Career Statistics\". USCHO.com. Retrieved 9 February 2021.\n\"Player Profile: Zuzana Tomcíkova\". EliteProspects.com. Retrieved 9 February 2021.\nhttp://www.wcha.com/sports/w-hockey/spec-rel/101409aac.html\nhttp://www.wcha.com/sports/w-hockey/spec-rel/111109aaa.html\n\"Wcha.com\". Retrieved 20 January 2010.\n\"wcha.com\". Retrieved 19 February 2010.\nhttp://www.wcha.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/wcha/sports/w-hockey/auto_pdf/wchaw-2010awards-030410\nhttp://www.wcha.com/sports/w-hockey/spec-rel/030410aac.html\n\"Tomcikova tabbed as Defensive Player of the Week - Bemidji State University Official Athletic Site\". 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2019.\n\"Minnesota State's Rogan, Bemidji State's Tomcikova, Wisconsin's Turnbull Named WCHA Women's Players of the Week\" (PDF). WCHA (Press release). 5 October 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2021.\n\"Kessel Named League's Rookie; Raty/Schelper First Team\". University of Minnesota Athletics. 3 March 2011. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2021.\n\"Natalie Spooner Earns All-America Honors\". Ohio State Athletics. 19 March 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2021.\n\"Tomcikova and Ellisor named Bemidji State Student-Athletes of the Year\". BSU Beavers. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2021.\n\"Tomcikova named MVP\". International Ice Hockey Federation. 25 April 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2014.\n\"2013 ISBHF World Championships, St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Women: Individual Awards\". Goal Line News. 9 June 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2016." ]

[ "Zuzana Tomčíková", "Playing career", "Bemidji State", "International play", "Ice hockey career statistics", "Regular season and playoffs", "International", "Awards and honors", "NCAA", "International ice hockey", "International ball hockey", "References" ]

[ 5360325 ]

[ 27239517, 27239518, 27239519, 27239520, 27239521, 27239522, 27239523, 27239524, 27239525, 27239526, 27239527, 27239528, 27239529, 27239530, 27239531, 27239532 ]

[ "Zuzana Vejvodová in 2016" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Zuzana_Vejvodov%C3%A1%2C_portr%C3%A9t.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzana Vejvodová (born 19 September 1980, Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech actress.\nIn 2000 she graduated from Prague Conservatory. Afterwards she joined Divadlo Na Fidlovačce (DNF). She regularly performs in TV films and series. In April 2008 she was shortlisted for TýTý Award, an annual Czech television award, in one of the categories. She is daughter of composer and bandleader Josef Vejvoda and granddaughter of Jaromír Vejvoda.", "2009 – Irina in Three sisters\n2006 – Desdemona in Othello, Summer Shakespeare Festival at the Prague Castle (SSF)\n2006 – Millie Dillmount in Thoroughly Modern Millie, DNF\n2005 – Jacie Triplethree in Comic Potential, DNF\n2005 – Viola in Twelfth Night, or What You Will, SSF\n2004 – Juliet in Romeo and Juliet, SSF\n2003 – Rosalind in As You Like It, DNF\n2003 – Tereza in Rebelové, Divadlo Broadway Praha\n2002 – Agatha in The Marriage, DNF\n2001 – Nele - Betkina - Anna in Thyl Ulenspiegel by Grigory Gorin and Gennady Gladkov, DNF\n2001 – Denise in Mam'zelle Nitouche, DNF\n2000 – Bandit's Sweetheart in Painted on Glass by Ernest Bryll and Katarzyna Gärtner, DNF (10 years on repertoire)\n1998 – Annabella in 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, Divadlo na Vinohradech\n1998 – Chava in Fiddler on the Roof, DNF (in 2011 still on repertoire)", "2007 – Alžběta in The Countesses (Hraběnky)\n2004 – Kamila Stösslová in In Search of Janacek (Hledání Janáčka)\n1991 – Leontýnka in The Territory of White Deer (Území bílých králů)", "Zdeněk A. Tichý, Helena Šimáčková, Boris Hlaváček, Obrozené divadlo : Divadlo Na Fidlovačce 1921-2001, ASA 2001, ISBN 80-902895-1-7\nIrena Zemanová, Maciuchová je díky Ulici populárnější než Gott, iHNed 12. 4. 2008 (in Czech)", "Zuzana Vejvodová at IMDb\nOfficial website (in Czech)" ]

[ "Zuzana Vejvodová", "Selected performances", "Selected filmography", "Notes", "External links" ]

[ 5360326 ]

[ 27239533, 27239534 ]

[ "Zuzanna Bijoch in 2010" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Haute_Couture_Autumn-Winter_2010-2011_N19.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzanna Bijoch (born 20 June 1994 in Katowice, Poland) is a Polish fashion model.", "Bijoch was discovered at a modeling competition in Poland and booked a Prada campaign while in high school. She debuted at Georges Chakra in 2010 and walked for the spring Jason Wu, Topshop Unique, Salvatore Ferragamo, Marni, and Prada; she Miu Miu exclusive in the S/S 2011 season and did a Prada campaign. For her work with Alexander McQueen, Valentino, Gucci, and Chloé, she was ranked on models.com’s “Top 50” list from 2014. She has also modeled for Givenchy, Marc Jacobs and a Louis Vuitton campaign. Bijoch walked over 50 shows in the 2011/12 season including Thakoon, Narciso Rodriguez, Nina Ricci, Victoria Beckham, Gianfranco Ferré, Moschino, and Balenciaga (which she closed).\nBijoch has been a guest judge on Poland’s Top Model.", "Bijoch is a student at Columbia University.", "\"Model-Portrait\". Elle Deutschland. Burda Hearst Publications.\n\"Zuzanna Bijoch - Model\". models.com.\n\"Model Wall: Zuzanna Bijoch\". Vogue.\n\"Zuzanna Bijoch-Model Profile\". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2019.\n\"Model Behaviour: Zuzanna Bijoch\". Dazed.\n\"Top 50 Models: 30-26\". Models.com. Archived from the original on July 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2019.\n\"This week's model: Zuzanna Bijoch\". W.\n\"Zuzanna Bijoch\". Elle Germany.\n\"Top Model 2018: odcinek 6. Kto odpadł z Top Model 7? Wśród gości Zuzia Bijoch i Robert Kupisz\". Glamour Poland.\n\"ZUZANNA BIJOCH dostała się na studia w Nowym Jorku! Na który uniwersytet? Sprawdź!\". Gala Poland." ]

[ "Zuzanna Bijoch", "Career", "Personal life", "References" ]

[ 5360327 ]

[ 27239535, 27239536, 27239537, 27239538 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Zuzanna_Efimienko2_2011.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzanna Efimienko-Młotkowska (born 8 August 1989) is a Polish volleyball player. She was part of the Poland women's national volleyball team. She played with Impel Gwardia Wrocław.", "SMS PZPS Sosnowiec (2003–2007)\n Impel Gwardia Wrocław (2007–2012)\n Imoco Volley (2012–2013)\n Atom Trefl Sopot (2013–2016)\n Metalleghe Sanitars Montichiari (2016–present)", "\"Polish volleyball team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship\". sebare.com. Retrieved 11 October 2015." ]

[ "Zuzanna Efimienko", "Clubs", "References" ]

[ 5360328 ]

[ 27239539 ]

[ "", "Apartment building at corner of ulica Szpitalna and ulica Przeskok, in Warsaw, where Ginczanka resided in the late 1930s", "The building in the ulica Jabłonowskich № 8a in Lvov where Ginczanka lived in 1939–1942 and where she was betrayed to the Nazis (in a 2011 photo; street today renamed after Rustaveli)", "16th-century house in the ulica Mikołajska № 18 in Kraków, directly across from № 5 where Ginczanka lived in 1944, from where J. Tomczak witnessed Ginczanka's arrest by the Gestapo", "Back side of the prison in the ulica Stefana Czarnieckiego 3 in Kraków, facing the back yard where Ginczanka was murdered, in a 2011 photo (note the blocked-out windows). The building, designed as a courthouse by the Polish-Jewish architect Ferdynand Liebling (1877–1942), was built in 1905", "A commemorative plaque devoted to Zuzanna Ginczanka, Mikołajska Street, Kraków" ]

[ 0, 4, 8, 10, 12, 15 ]

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[ "Zuzanna Ginczanka, pen name of Zuzanna Polina Gincburg (March 22, 1917 – January 1945) was a Polish-Jewish poet of the interwar period. Although she published only a single collection of poetry in her lifetime, the book O centaurach (On Centaurs, 1936) created a sensation in Poland's literary circles. She was arrested and executed in Kraków shortly before the end of World War II.", "Zuzanna Ginczanka was born Zuzanna Polina Ginzburg (\"Gincburg\" in Polish phonetic respelling) in Kiev, then part of the Russian Empire. Her Jewish parents fled the Russian Civil War, settling in 1922 in the predominantly Yiddish-speaking town of Równe, also called Równe Wołyńskie by the inhabitants, in the Kresy Wschodnie (Eastern Borderlands) of pre-War Poland (now in Western part of Ukraine). Her father, Simon Ginzburg, was a lawyer by profession, with her mother Tsetsiliya (Цецилия) Ginzburg, née Sandberg, a housewife. Ginczanka was holder of a Nansen passport and despite efforts made to this end, she was unsuccessful in obtaining Polish citizenship before the outbreak of the war. Abandoned by her father, who after a divorce left for Berlin, and later by her mother, who after remarriage left for Spain, she lived in the Równe home of her maternal grandmother, Klara Sandberg, by all accounts a wise and prudent woman who was responsible for her upbringing. The moderately affluent house of Klara Sandberg in the town's main street, with its ground-floor shop, was described by the writer Jerzy Andrzejewski, Ginczanka's contemporary who sought her acquaintance, and independently by the poet Jan Śpiewak, the town's fellow resident. She was called \"Sana\" by her closest friends. Between 1927 and 1935 she attended a state high school at Równe, the Państwowe Gimnazjum im. T. Kościuszki. In 1935 she moved to Warsaw to begin studies at Warsaw University. Her studies there soon ended, likely due to antisemitic incidents at the university.", "Ginczanka spoke both Russian, the choice of her emancipated parents, and the Polish of her friends, but did not know a word of Yiddish. Her longing to become a Polish poet caused her to choose the Polish language. According to Ginczanka's mother, she began composing verses at the age of 4, authoring a whole ballad at the age of 8. She published her first poems while still at school, debuting in 1931 — at the age of 14 — with the poem \"Uczta wakacyjna\" (A Vacation Feast) published in the bimonthly high-school newspaper Echa Szkolne edited by Czesław Janczarski. During this period of her life Ginczanka was also active as the author of song lyrics. Her \"mainstream\" debut in a nationwide forum took place in August 1933 in the pages of the Kuryer Literacko-Naukowy, a Sunday supplement to the well-known Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny, with the publication of the 16-line poem entitled \"Żyzność sierpniowa\" (Fertility in the Month of August; or perhaps, with greater poetic licence: Fullness of August). In the \"Żyzność sierpniowa\", the 16-year-old poet speaks with the voice of a mature woman looking wistfully back on the world of young people in the bloom of life, with its ripeness for love (hence the title), from the knowing and indulgent perspective of one whose life had come to fruition long before: the reader can be forgiven for thinking that the author of the verses before him is a person of advanced age. The last two lines, moreover, give voice to the catastrophic sonorities that will forever remain the signature trait of Ginczanka's poetry, often couched in sanguinary imagery as they are here:\n\nEncouraged by Julian Tuwim to participate in the Young Poets' Competition (Turniej Młodych Poetów) organized the next spring by the Wiadomości Literackie, the most important literary periodical in Poland at the time, she won an honourable mention (third class) with the poem \"Gramatyka\" (The Grammar), printed in the issue of 15 July 1934 of the weekly that was devoted in part to the results of the competition. She was 17 years old; most if not all of the other 22 finalists (like Tadeusz Hollender, b. 1910, and Anna Świrszczyńska, b. 1909, who won first prizes, or Witold Makowiecki, b. 1903, who won an honourable mention, first class, and Juliusz Żuławski, b. 1910, honourable mention, third class) were her seniors in age. Seven weeks later, in its edition of 2 September 1934, Wiadomości Literackie will revisit its poetry competition by publishing a list of additional book prizes awarded to the winners: for her contribution, Zuzanna Ginczanka will receive a collection of Michelangelo's poetry in the translation of Leopold Staff. Ginczanka's poem, which opens boldly with a punctuation mark (a left parenthesis), deals with parts of speech, describing each in a poetic way beginning with the adjective, then taking on the adverb, and ending with a philosophico-philological analysis of the personal pronoun (\"I without you, you without me, amounts to nought\"; line 30) —\nTo this period belongs likewise Ginczanka's poem \"Zdrada\" (Betrayal; though the word can also mean \"treason\") composed sometime in 1934.", "Upon her arrival in Warsaw in September 1935, the 18-year-old Ginczanka, already notable, quickly became a \"legendary figure\" of the pre-War bohemian world of artists of Warsaw as a protégée of Julian Tuwim, the doyen of the Polish poets at the time, a connection which opened for her the doors to all the most important literary periodicals, salons, and publishing houses of the country. (Her detractors bestowed on her the sobriquet of \"Tuwim in a petticoat\", Tuwim w spódnicy; while Gombrowicz, known for inventing his own private names for all his acquaintances, monikered her \"Gina\".) High-calibre critics, such as Karol Wiktor Zawodziński, have traced aspects of Ginczanka's lyricism to the poetic achievement of Tuwim, deemed both indefinable and inimitable but concerning primarily the renewed focus on the word, its freshness, and the ultimate conciseness of expression respective of each particular poetic image or vision treated. Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz for his part recalls that Ginczanka was \"very good\" as a poet from the first, without any initial period of incubation of the poetic talent, and — conscious of her literary prowess — kept herself apart from literary groupings, in particular wishing to distance herself publicly from the Skamander circle with which she would have normally been associated by others. Thus for example, her frequenting of the Mała Ziemiańska café, the renowned haunt of the Warsaw literati where with gracious ease she held court at the table of Witold Gombrowicz, was memorialized in her poem \"Pochwała snobów\" (In Praise of Snobs) published in the satirical magazine Szpilki in 1937. (The co-founder of the magazine in question, the artist Eryk Lipiński, who will play an important role in salvaging her manuscripts after the War, will name his daughter Zuzanna in memory of Ginczanka. The other co-founder, Zbigniew Mitzner, will opine in his memoirs that Ginczanka was tied to this particular weekly magazine by the closest bonds of all the alliances that she maintained with the literary press.) In testimony to her fame, she would sometimes be herself the subject of satirical poems and drawings published in literary periodicals, as for example in the 1937 Christmas issue of the Wiadomości Literackie where she is pictured in the collective cartoon representing the crème de la crème of Polish literature (next to Andrzej Nowicki and Janusz Minkiewicz, both holding Cupid's bows, though their arrows point discreetly away from her rather than towards).", "Ginczanka was a woman possessed of striking, arresting beauty — \"the beauty of a Byzantine icon\", in the words of the slightly older writer Ryszard Matuszewski who remembered her visits to the Zodiak café in Warsaw — many of her fellow writers remarking on her eyes in particular (each slightly different, both in some reports enhanced by a strabismus of Venus) and on the irresistibly attractive harmony between her nimble physical appearance and her personal psychology. Jan Kott saw in fact a connection between her poetry, \"which enthuses all\", and her personal beauty: \"there was something of a Persian qasida in both\", he wrote. (Her Italian translator, Alessandro Amenta, has recently taken this line of reasoning further, opining that for her admirers, her body has merged with her text.) For Kazimierz Brandys, her peer in age, she was a \"sacred apparition\" with \"the eyes of a fawn\". The author Adolf Rudnicki, casting for an apt expression to describe her, settled on \"Rose of Sharon\" (Róża z Saronu), a trope from the Song of Songs, adding that the painter (identified by him only as \"C.\") for whom she sat in the nude (in the presence of her husband) confessed to him \"to have never set his eyes on anything quite so beautiful in his life\". Her portrait by the noted Polish painter Aleksander Rafałowski (1894–1980) — a depiction en grande tenue — is well known, and has been reproduced in the Wiadomości Literackie weekly in 1937. Ginczanka was admired by many for many reasons. Czesław Miłosz says that the writer Zbigniew Mitzner, co-founder of the magazine Szpilki, was romantically involved with her. She was known to repulse her suitors en masse, however, sometimes thereby — as in the case of Leon Pasternak — earning their enmity which resulted in their publishing pasquinades at her expense in revenge. For Stanisław Piętak, one of the most distinguished Polish poets of the Interbellum period, to meet her in the street was an experience akin to encountering a star break away from the heavens above and land straight on the pavement next to you. (There is evidence that while outwardly she received all the adulation with gracious warmth, the attention she generated weighed heavy on her mind; she reportedly confided in a female friend (Maria Zenowicz), \"I feel like a Negro\", sc. a curio.) Only the poet Andrzej Nowicki was seen to enjoy her favour for a time, but even he was deemed by Tadeusz Wittlin to be a companion of convenience without relational entanglement. Ginczanka was seen as abstemious, of studiedly modest demeanour, and virtuous — she didn't smoke or drink (\"except for a few drops now and then under the duress of social propriety\"): Wittlin calls her \"Virtuous Zuzanna (Cnotliwa Zuzanna) in the literal [i.e., ecclesiastical] sense\". This perception was shared by others; the poet Alicja Iwańska, whose literary journey largely coincided with Ginczanka's, remembers that despite the exquisite poetry she kept publishing in the best literary journals of the country and a personal beauty that had a dazzling effect on the onlookers, Ginczanka was often diffident, given to blushing, and stammered when put on the spot.\nJózef Łobodowski, perhaps the most serious contender for her hand between 1933 and 1938, dedicated to her several poems published in Wiadomości Literackie and later in the Polish émigré press, as well as devoting to her one of his last collections of poetry, Pamięci Sulamity (\"In Remembrance of the Shulamite Woman\"; see Bibliography), with a valuable autobiographical introduction. While the poet Jan Śpiewak, of all the Polish littérateurs, could claim an acquaintance with Ginczanka extending over the longest period of time (having been a resident of Równe contemporaneously with her, as well as having shared her Jewish background and her status as a Volhynian settler hailing from the lands of the former Russian Empire), it is the subsequent recollections of Łobodowski that will strike the most intimate note among all the reminiscences published after the War by those who knew Ginczanka personally, betraying an undying love and affection on his part carried over an entire lifetime.\nWith the kind of celebrity she enjoyed, her apartment in the ulica Szpitalna in Warsaw (picture at right) was transformed into the premier literary salon of Poland on the occasions of her birthdays, name-days, etc. Eryk Lipiński reports that it is here that he saw the famed author Witold Gombrowicz in the flesh for the first time.", "Although she published only a single collection of poetry in her lifetime, the book O centaurach (\"About the Centaurs\"), it created a sensation. She explained the title by pointing to the dual nature of the centaur, a mythological creature that was part man, part horse — here adopted as a simile for her poetical project of uniting in verse the disparate qualities of sagacity and sensuality, \"tightly conjoined at the waist like a centaur\". This is especially significant to the feminist literary theory as it presents a vision of what has traditionally been considered male and female elements fused together in art and life. To those who had not heard of Ginczanka before, the first exposure to her verses was often an awakening. The testimony of the poet Tadeusz Bocheński may be cited as a case in point, being the more valuable for having been expressed in a private letter and not intended for public consumption. Writing in February 1936 to the editor-in-chief of the literary monthly Kamena, Kazimierz Andrzej Jaworski, Bocheński excoriates the well-known poets Tuwim and Pawlikowska while at the same time stating the following:\nJastrun inspires interest, [as does] Ginczanka, otherwise unknown to me: I feel instinctively that we are dealing here with a deeper nature, with poetry of a higher pedigree (rasowsza poezja); who is she? where is this lady coming from?\nOne of the most distinguished modern Ukrainian poets and the one most hated by the Soviets, Yevhen Malanyuk (1897–1968), then living in exile in Warsaw, on being first introduced to Ginczanka's poetry by Julian Tuwim ran breathlessly into the editorial offices of the Biuletyn Polsko-Ukraiński with the news of the revelation from a new \"excellent poetess\". Ginczanka did not hesitate to lend her art to the furtherance of a social cause, as shown in her poem \"Słowa na wiatr\" (Words To the Four Winds), published in the Wiadomości Literackie in March 1937, whose message impugns the honesty of the country's authorities and industrial groupings in making promises to render assistance to those in need during the difficult winter period. Her voice here is mercilessly biting and derisive (\"they count, and count, and lick their fingers, and count some more\" — sc. the remaining winter pages in the tear-off calendar on the wall, and the money to be saved) as she accuses the potentates of stalling for time in the hope that the cold spell will pass and they will not have to make good on their pledges.", "Ginczanka wrote several radio dramas for the Polish national broadcaster, the Polskie Radjo. In July 1937 her programme Pod dachami Warszawy (\"Under the Roofs of Warsaw\"), authored jointly with Andrzej Nowicki, was broadcast. In March 1938 Polish press carried an announcement of another radio drama authored by Ginczanka jointly with Nowicki, Sensacje amerykańskie (\"American Sensations\"), on the theme of Sherlock Holmes's journey to America, broadcast by the Polskie Radjo.", "As observed by attentive readers such as Monika Warneńska, Ginczanka had prophetically foreseen the onset of the Second World War and the annihilation that it would bring with it, but expressed it all in poetic touches so delicate that their true import might have been missed before the event. Such is her poem entitled \"Maj 1939\" (May 1939) published on the first page of the Wiadomości Literackie, the premier literary periodical in pre-War Poland, 61 days before the outbreak of the War, in July 1939. The poem is surrounded on all sides by the massive article by Edward Boyé analyzing the nature of the Italian Fascism, the only other piece printed on the page. Ginczanka's poem, deceptively insouciant — almost ebullient — in tone while it considers the uncertainty as to whether the Spring might pass under the shadow of war or alternatively under the spell of love, employs the metaphor of the fork in the road where either of the two divergent arms, though ostensibly very different and having the opposite direction \"at odds\" with the other, does in fact lead \"to the last things\" (do spraw ostatecznych; line 28). Thus, in a twist on Robert Frost's famous poem, it makes no difference here to take \"the one less travelled by\":", "Ginczanka left Warsaw in June 1939 to spend her summer vacations (as was her habit every year) with her grandmother in Równe Wołyńskie. Here she was caught by the outbreak of the Second World War occasioned by the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on Friday, 1 September 1939, and in reaction to this news decided to stay at Równe, a town which, being located on the Eastern Borderlands of Poland, was relatively sheltered from the hostilities of war. This circumstance changed dramatically just two weeks later with the Soviet Union's attack on Poland from the East on 17 September, which brought Soviet rule to Równe (a town never to be returned to Poland again), and with it communist harassment and attacks targeting the \"bourgeois elements\" and the propertied classes in particular. The grandmother Klara Sandberg's ground-floor business (pharmacy store) in the town's main street was immediately expropriated, while their second-story living quarters were in large measure requisitioned for Soviet officials, squeezing the owners (including Ginczanka) into a single servant's room. These developments forced upon Ginczanka the decision to leave Równe to try to find accommodation in the much larger Polish city of Lvov, situated 213 kilometres to the south-east and likewise occupied by the Soviet Union. Before departure, the grandmother packed all the family heirlooms and valuables like table silver into her luggage, both as a means of preserving her ownership of the movable property and to provide for Ginczanka's future dowry. In Lvov Ginczanka rented a flat in the apartment building in the ulica Jabłonowskich № 8a (pictured to the right), where her co-residents included Karol Kuryluk, and the writers Władysław Bieńkowski (1906–1991), Marian Eile (1910–1984), and Franciszek Gil (1917–1960).\nDuring the years 1939–1942 Ginczanka lived in the city of Lvov in occupied Poland, working as an editor. She wrote a number of Soviet propaganda poems. She narrowly managed to avoid arrest by Ukrainian forces targeting Jewish population of the city, being shielded by her Nansen passport which, unfamiliar to them, impressed them sufficiently to spare her.\nEarly in 1940, at the age of 22, she married in Lvov the Polish art historian Michał Weinzieher, her senior in age by 14 years (in some accounts, by 16 years), a move which she did not elect to explain to her friends. While officially married to Weinzieher, she carried on a contemporaneous relationship with an artist Janusz Woźniakowski, a young Polish graphic designer extremely devoted to her poetry. Woźniakowski helped her avoid detection after Nazi Germany's invasion of Lvov late in June 1941 and offered her general moral support. In the report of the writer Franciszek Gil (1917–1960) who lived in the same apartment building with Ginczanka, she became for Woźniakowski the sole reason for his existence. During this period Ginczanka was very active literarily, composing many new poems which, while unpublished, were read during small gatherings of friends. Most of the manuscripts with these works have perished, very few of them being recreated after the War from memory by those who had come to know them by heart.\nWith the invasion by Nazi Germany of the Eastern Borderlands of Poland on 22 June 1941, an area previously occupied since 17 September 1939 by the Soviet Union, the situation of the Jewish population once again changed dramatically for the worse, the Holocaust being already in full swing at that time. In Równe, Ginczanka's grandmother and her closest relative in Poland, Klara Sandberg, was arrested by the Nazis and died of a heart attack induced by the horror of impending death while being transported to a place of execution at Zdołbunów, barely 17 kilometres away. In Lvov, the female concierge in the building where Ginczanka resided, resentful of having allocated space in her building to a refugee like Ginczanka in the first place, saw her opportunity to rid herself of the unwelcome tenant and at the same time to enrich herself. In the summer of 1942 she denounced Ginczanka to the Nazi authorities newly in power in town as a Jew hiding in her building on false papers. The Nazi police immediately made an attempt to arrest Ginczanka, but other residents of the building helped her avoid arrest by slipping out the back door, etc. On one single day the Schupo made three separate raids on the building in an effort to arrest Ginczanka. They finally succeeded in capturing her. While a narrow brush with death, this arrest did not result in Ginczanka's execution as on this occasion she escaped from captivity. Sources differ as to the exact circumstances in which this happened. According to the court documents from the post-War trial of Zofja Chomin, as reported in the press (see Aftermath below), she managed to give her captors a slip after having been brought to the police station but before being securely imprisoned; according to other sources, her friends managed to redeem her from Nazi hands by bribery. Whatever the details of this outcome, the incident led Ginczanka to the writing of her best known poem \"Non omnis moriar\" (see insert).", "In September 1942 Michał Weinzieher, Ginczanka's husband, decided to leave Lvov in order to escape the internment in the Lvov Ghetto. They moved to Kraków in the hope that the large city where he was unknown would provide him the anonymity necessary for survival on false papers. His own younger brother had already been murdered two years earlier by the Soviets in the Katyn Massacre, and Weinzieher was literally running away from death. During his stay in Kraków with the Güntner family Weinzieher (unwisely for the times) continued to pursue his left-wing political activism and continued to maintain contacts with underground left-wing political parties. It is here, and in these circumstances, that he was joined a few months later by his wife, Zuzanna Ginczanka, whose false papers indicated that she was a person of Armenian nationality. The few months that separated her and her husband's arrival in Kraków were spent by Ginczanka with Woźniakowski at his aunt's in Felsztyn, 97 kilometres to the south-west of Lvov, where Ginczanka was presented as Woźniakowski's fiancée. The false papers on which Ginczanka and Weinzieher travelled were provided in both cases by Janusz Woźniakowski.\nIn Kraków Ginczanka occupied a room next door to Weinzieher's, spending most of her time in bed. According to her hosts, Ginczanka used to say that \"My creative juices flow from my laziness\". Here her most frequent visitor was Janusz Woźniakowski, but she also maintained close contacts with the noted painter, Helena Cygańska-Walicka (1913–1989), the wife of the art historian Michał Walicki, Anna Rawicz, and others. Because even on rare outings in the street Ginczanka was attracting the unwelcome attention of passers-by with her exotic beauty, she decided to change her hideaway by moving to the (then suburban) spa locality of Swoszowice on the southern outskirts of Kraków, where she joined up with a childhood friend of hers from Równe, Blumka Fradis, who was herself at the time hiding there from the Nazis.\nAt the beginning of 1944, apparently as an entirely fortuitous mishap, Janusz Woźniakowski was arrested in a mass łapanka or random round-up of Polish citizens in the street. The laundry receipt found on his person indicated the address of Ginczanka's old hideout, no longer occupied by her but a place where Woźniakowski continued to reside with Weinzieher. During a search of the premises, which a bloodied Woźniakowski was made to witness, Ginczanka's husband, Michał Weinzieher, was additionally arrested. On 6 April 1944 there appeared pasted on the walls of Kraków an announcement issued by the \"Summary Tribunal of the Security Police\" (Standgericht der Sicherheitspolizei) listing 112 names of people sentenced to death: the first 33 names were those on whom the sentence of death had already been carried out, the rest were those awaiting execution. Janusz Woźniakowski's name is the fifth on the list. Michał Weinzieher's is further down.", "Zuzanna Ginczanka frequently changed hiding places, the last one was in the apartment of Holocaust rescuer Elżbieta Mucharska; located at Mikołajska № 5 Street in the heart of Kraków Old Town. The circumstances of Ginczanka's arrest were pondered upon by postwar memorist. The first account is that of Wincentyna Wodzinowska-Stopkowa (1915–1991), published in her 1989 memoir Portret artysty z żoną w tle (\"A Portrait of the Artist with the Wife in the Background\"). Ginczanka's hideout and the passwords used by her rescuers was intercepted by Gestapo from several clandestine messages intended to be smuggled out of prison (Polish: gryps), and addressed to them. The Stopkas, who were themselves incriminated by the clandestine messages in question, managed to get the Gestapo to leave without arresting them by bribing them with bottles of liquor and — gold coins, \"which disappeared into their pockets in a flash\". As soon as the Gestapo were safely away Wodzinowska-Stopkowa rushed to Ginczanka's nearby hideout to forewarn her of imminent danger, only to be greeted at the door by a sobbing woman who directly said, \"They took her already. She yelled, spat at them...\" Wodzinowska-Stopkowa then ran breathlessly to the residences of all the other people named in the \"kites\" written by Woźniakowski, arriving in each case too late, after the arrests of the individuals concerned.\nA separate account of Zuzanna Ginczanka's arrest was given orally to Professor Izolda Kiec of the University of Poznań 46 years after the fact, in January 1991, by Jerzy Tomczak, grandson of Elżbieta Mucharska, Ginczanka's last hostess in Kraków mentioned in the preceding paragraph; it is included in her 1994 book Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość (\"Zuzanna Ginczanka: Life and Work\"; see Bibliography), to date the most serious book on Ginczanka — a poet who is still awaiting a proper critical, academic biography. At the time of Ginczanka's arrest in the autumn of 1944 Tomczak was ten years' old and living in one room with Ginczanka for about a month or so. He recalls that during her stay Ginczanka never left the premises even once for security reasons, and she would never open the door if she happened to be alone. The only visitor she received was a high-school friend of hers, \"a blonde without Semitic features\" (Blumka Fradis). Returning from school one day he was intercepted on the stairs by a neighbour who told him to back off: \"They are at your place...\". He withdrew at this and went into the entryway of the apartment building across the street (pictured to the right). About half an hour later, from this vantage point, he observed Zuzanna Ginczanka and Blumka Fradis being escorted by the Gestapo out of his building. He comments: \"I have no idea how they managed to track them down. I suspect a denunciation by a neighbour. There is no other possibility.\"", "Izolda Kiec (b. 1965), the author of the 1994 book on Ginczanka, was able to track down a person who was in direct contact with Ginczanka after her last arrest in the autumn of 1944. This person is a woman named Krystyna Garlicka, the sister of the Polish writer Tadeusz Breza (1905–1970), who resided in 1992 in Paris. Krystyna Garlicka was apparently incarcerated at one point together with Ginczanka, in the same cell, and as a fellow-prisoner developed a rapport with her which made her privy to Ginczanka's confessions and much of her ultimate fate unknown to outsiders. According to Garlicka's report given to Kiec in 1992, 47 years after the fact, Ginczanka accepted her in prison because she was acquainted with her brother, Tadeusz Breza. They slept together on a single straw mattress that was spread out on the floor for the night, a time when Garlicka would listen to Ginczanka's confessions. According to Garlicka, Ginczanka told her that her final arrest was due to a betrayal by her Kraków hostess, Elżbieta Mucharska, as she herself never left the house and \"no one had any knowledge of her whereabouts\". Ginczanka, who was at first detained in the notorious facility in the ulica Montelupich, was very afraid of torture (for which that prison was infamous), and to stave off attacks on her body she affected a particular concern for her hair, which she would repeatedly touch during interrogations to make small corrections to her locks, etc. This was noticed by the Gestapo interrogators, and when they came to torment her it was her hair that was selected for special treatment: she was dragged across the floor by the hair. Although she screamed in pain, she was never broken and never admitted to being Jewish. However, this was not the case with her friend (Blumka Fradis), who broke down: \"perhaps she lacked the courage and the willpower of Ginczanka\", Garlicka comments. Blumka Fradis made a confession which spelled the end of the investigations and \"sealed the fate for both of them\". Ginczanka was apparently hoping to be deported in the aftermath to the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp in the first instance, and thence to Auschwitz, resolved to overcome everything and survive. This however did not happen, as she was transferred to another prison in Kraków.", "There is no consensus among the published sources as to the exact place of Ginczanka's death. There is a broad consensus on the circumstance of her having been executed by firearm, either by single firearm or by firing squad, in a prison located in the southern suburbs of Kraków. Many older sources identify the suburb in question as Płaszów (administratively part of the municipality of Kraków since 1912, but colloquially referred to as a separate community) — not to be confused with the Nazi concentration camp of the same name situated in the same locality: no claim has ever been made that Ginczanka was deported to any concentration camp. Other sources identify the suburb in question to have been the neighbouring spa locality of Swoszowice (likewise today within the southern borders of Kraków municipality). More recently the prison courtyard of the infamous facility in the ulica Montelupich № 7 in Kraków has been pointed out as the place of her death. This identification, perhaps conjectural, would contradict the earlier sources, as the prison in question lies in the city centre and not on the southern confines of the metropolitan area. Finally, and perhaps most authoritatively, Izolda Kiec (see Bibliography), a professor in the University of Poznań, basing her conclusions on unpublished written sources as well as on the numerous oral interviews with eyewitnesses and others directly connected with Ginczanka's life conducted in the 1970s and 1980s, indicates for the first time the courtyard of the prison facility located in the ulica Stefana Czarnieckiego № 3 in Kraków as the place of Ginczanka's martyrdom (see picture to the right). The latter identification does not contradict the earlier sources citing Płaszów, as both the Płaszów precinct and the ulica Czarnieckiego are located in the same southern Kraków district of Podgórze. Moreover, Kiec also states — thereby possibly reconciling all the earlier sources — that Ginczanka was indeed imprisoned at first in the Montelupich Prison, where her interrogation under torture took place, and only after that had been completed was she transferred to the (smaller) prison in the ulica Czarnieckiego, where she was murdered. Ginczanka was 27 years old.\nGinczanka's high-school friend, Blumka Fradis, was shot in the courtyard at Czarnieckiego 3 together with her.\nJózef Łobodowski reports the privileged information he received in the 1980s from a source he does not reveal to the effect that Ginczanka's execution took place \"just before\" (tuż przed) the liberation of Kraków (a historical event dated to 18 January 1945) — that is to say, in the first part of January 1945. Without specifying the 1945 date, Izolda Kiec says much the same thing (\"a few days (na kilka dni) before the end of the war\"). If the expressions \"just before\" and \"a few days\" were to be interpreted figuratively to mean \"a short time\" but not necessarily \"a very short time\", the date of Ginczanka's death could be pushed back to December 1944, but this procedure would involve stretching the literal meaning of the words of these two key witnesses. Wacław Iwaniuk, a personal acquaintance of Ginczanka, strongly corroborates our dating of Ginczanka's death: in an interview given in 1991, Iwaniuk states: \"Ginczanka was murdered by the Gestapo in Kraków, probably on the last day of Kraków's occupation\" (chyba w ostatnim dniu okupacji Krakowa) — i.e., on 17 January 1945.\nIn an article published in the Gazeta Wyborcza in December 2015, Ryszard Kotarba, the historian of the aforementioned Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, speculates however that Ginczanka might have been among the several prisoners brought to that camp by truck on 5 May 1944, most of whom were executed on the spot.", "Her single best known poem, written in 1942 and untitled, commonly referred to as \"Non omnis moriar\" from its opening words (Latin for \"Not all of me will die\", the incipit of an ode by Horace), which incorporates the name of her purported betrayer within the text, is a paraphrase of Juliusz Słowacki's poem \"Testament mój\" (The Testament of Mine). The \"Non omnis moriar\" was first published in the weekly periodical Odrodzenie of Kraków in 1946 at the initiative of Julian Przyboś, a poet who had been one of the most distinguished members of the so-called Kraków Avant-garde (Awangarda Krakowska). Przyboś appended a commentary entitled \"Ostatni wiersz Ginczanki\" (Ginczanka's Last Poem), saying in part:\nHers is the most moving voice in Polish lyrical literature, for it deals with the most terrible tragedy of our time, the Jewish martyrdom. Only the poems of Jastrun, serving as they are as an epitaph on the sepulchre of millions, make a similar impression, but not even do they evince the same degree of bitterness, of irony, of virulence and power or convey the same brutal truth as does the testament of Ginczanka. I find its impact impossible to shake off. We read it for the first time pencilled on a torn and wrinkled piece of paper, like the secret messages that prisoners smuggle out of their dungeons. (…) The most despairing confessions, the most heartrending utterances of other poets before their death fall far below this proudest of all poetic testaments. This indictment of the human beast hurts like an unhealed wound. A shock therapy in verse.\nThe \"Non omnis moriar\" was highly esteemed by many others, including the poet Stanislaw Wygodzki, while another Polish poet, Anna Kamieńska, considered it to be one of the most beautiful poems in the Polish language. Scholars have uncovered textual parallels between \"Non omnis moriar\" and the Petit Testament of François Villon. However, perhaps the most significant aspect of the \"Non omnis moriar\" is its indictment of Polish antisemitism by a Jewish woman who wished more than anything else to become a Polish poet, and to be accepted as Polish (rather than as an \"exotic Other\"). In her entire oeuvre Ginczanka never espoused anything like a Jewish identity, her preoccupations with identity having been focused exclusively on her being a woman. It is the reference made in the \"Non omnis moriar\" to the \"Jewish things\" (rzeczy żydowskie; line 6) — Ginczanka's personal effects that will now be looted by her betrayer, the thirty pieces of Jewish silver earned by (and in ethnic contrast with) this particular kiss of an Aryan Judas — that takes Ginczanka out of the sphere of realisation of her dream.", "In January 1946 on charges of collaborationism Zuzanna Ginczanka's betrayer before the Nazis, Zofja Chomin, and her son Marjan Chomin were arrested and tried in a court of law. Ginczanka's poem \"Non omnis moriar\" formed part of the evidence against them. (This is considered by many scholars to be the only instance in the annals of juridical history of a poem being entered in evidence in a criminal trial.) According to the article which appeared in the newspaper Express Wieczorny of 5 July 1948 (page 2), Zofja Chomin, the concierge in the building (in the ulica Jabłonowskich № 8a) where Ginczanka lived in Lwów, was sentenced to four years' imprisonment for betraying Ginczanka's identity to the Nazis — the poem \"Non omnis moriar\" again being cited in the writ of the sentence — while her son was acquitted. Zofja Chomin's defence before the court were to be her words, intended to refute the charge of collaborationism: \"I knew of only one little Jewess in hiding...\" (znałam tylko jedną żydóweczkę ukrywającą się...). An account of these events is given in a study by Agnieszka Haska (see Bibliography).", "Despite the quality of her poetry, Ginczanka was ignored and forgotten in postwar Poland, as communist censors deemed her work to be undesirable. Renewed interest and recognition of her work emerged only after the collapse of communism.\nShe is the subject of a moving poem by Sydor Rey, entitled \"Smak słowa i śmierci\" (The Taste of the Word and of Death) and published in 1967, which ends: \"I will know at the furthermost confines | The taste of your death\". Another poem in her honour is the composition \"Zuzanna Ginczanka\" by Dorota Chróścielewska (1948–1996).\nIn 1987, poet Józef Łobodowski published a collection of poems in memory of Ginczanka entitled Pamięci Sulamity. In 1991, after Poland regained independence, a volume of her collected poems was published. Izolda Kiec published two books devoted to Ginczanka: a biography entitled Zuzanna Ginczanka. Życie i twórczość (Zuzanna Ginczanka. Life and Works) in 1994 and Ginczanka. Nie upilnuje mnie nikt in 2020.\nIn 2001, Agata Araszkiewicz, published a book Wypowiadam wam moje życie. Melancholia Zuzanny Ginczanki (I Am Expressing to You My Life: The Melancholy of Zuzanna Ginczanka).\nIn 2003, poet Maciej Woźniak, dedicated a poem to her in his collection of poems Obie strony światła (Both Sides of Light). In 2015, the Museum of Literature in Warsaw hosted an exhibition Tylko szczęście jest prawdziwym życiem (Only Happiness Is Real Life) devoted to the works of Ginczanka.\nIn 2017, on the centenary of Ginczanka's birth, a commemorative plaque was unveiled on a tenement house on Mikołajska Street in Kraków where she was in hiding during her stay in the city. The same year, Marek Kazmierski translated and published the first book of her work in English. In 2019, Jarosław Mikołajewski published a book Cień w cień. Za cieniem Zuzanny Ginczanki which deals with her life and literary legacy.\nIn 2021, Hanna Kubiak and Bernhard Hofstötter published the first German edition of works by Ginczanka.", "O centaurach (1936)\nWiersze wybrane (1953)\nZuzanna Ginczanka [: wiersze] (1980)\n\"Non omnis moriar\" (before 1990)\nUdźwignąć własne szczęście (1991)\nKrzątanina mglistych pozorów: wiersze wybrane = Un viavai di brumose apparenze: poesie scelte (2011; bilingual edition: text in Polish and Italian)\nVon Zentauren und weitere ausgewählte Gedichte (2021; German edition; ISBN 978-3347232334)\nTranslation\nVladimir Mayakovsky, Wiersze, translated into Polish by Zuzanna Ginczanka (1940)\nAntologies\nSh. L. [Shemuʾel-Leyb] Shnayderman, Between Fear and Hope, tr. N. Guterman, New York, Arco Publishing Co., 1947. (Includes an English translation of \"Non omnis moriar\", pp. 262–263, perhaps the first publication of the poem, in any language, in book form. Important also for the background information on the situation of the Jews within the Polish society in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, shedding light on their situation before and during the War.)\nR. Matuszewski & S. Pollak, Poezja Polski Ludowej: antologia. Warsaw, Czytelnik, 1955. (Includes the original text of \"Non omnis moriar\", p. 397.)\nRyszard Marek Groński, Od Stańczyka do STS-u: satyra polska lat 1944–1956, Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe, 1975. (Includes the original text of \"Non omnis moriar\", p. 9.)\nI. Maciejewska, Męczeństwo i zagłada Żydów w zapisach literatury polskiej. Warsaw, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1988. ISBN 8303022792. (Includes the original text of \"Non omnis moriar\", p. 147.)\nR. Matuszewski & S. Pollak, Poezja polska 1914–1939: antologia. Warsaw, Czytelnik, 1962.\nSzczutek. Cyrulik Warszawski. Szpilki: 1919–1939, comp. & ed. E. Lipiński, introd. W. Filler, Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe, 1975. (Includes Ginczanka's poem \"Słówka\", p. 145.)\nPoezja polska okresu międzywojennego: antologia, 2 vols., comp. & ed. M. Głowiński & J. Sławiński, Wrocław, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1987.", "Betrayal of Anne Frank\nHenryka Łazowertówna\nPolish culture during World War II", "The exact date of birth of Zuzanna Ginczanka (Sara Ginzburg) is a subject of an ongoing debate due to conflicting documentary evidence. It is being quoted also as March 9 by Tomaszewski & Żbikowski, or March 15 by Kiec, and March 20 by Bartelski, as well as March 22, 1917, proposed most recently by Belchenko. The exact date of her prison death is not known.", "J. Tomaszewski & A. Żbikowski (2001), Żydzi w Polsce: dzieje i kultura: leksykon, Warsaw, Cyklady, p. 106. ISBN 838685958X.\nCf. Polski indeks biograficzny, vol. 4, ed. G. Baumgartner, Munich, K.G. Saur, 1998, s.v. \"Weinzieher, Sana\". ISBN 3598327285.\nCf. Stawisko, ed. A. Brodzka [et al.], Podkowa Leśna, Muzeum im. Anny i Jarosława Iwaszkiewiczów w Stawisku, 1995, p. 126. ISBN 8390289415.\nMały słownik pisarzy polskich, pt. 2, ed. J. Z. Białek et al., Warsaw, Wiedza Powszechna, 1981, p. 66. ISBN 8321400124.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Trochę wierszy, trochę fotografii, wspomnienia kilku przyjaciół\", Czas Kultury (Poznań), No. 16, May 1990, p. 107.\nБельченко, Наталія. \"The Kiev Chartist, Sulamito by Natalia Belchenko\" [«Київська чарівнице, Суламіто...»]. Culture.pl (in Ukrainian). Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 3 March 2018. Отож точна дата народження Зузанни — 22 березня 1917 року, оскільки дата 9 березня у записі подана за старим стилем, а ім’я Сара, радше за все, помилково інтерпретоване Сана, бо саме так називали її в дружньому колі, скорочуючи Зузанна (Сусанна).\nMariola Krzyworączka, \"Ironia – bronią poetów\", Polonistyka: czasopismo dla nauczycieli, vol. 59, No. 9, November 2006, pp. 54–58. (in Polish)\nPiotr Kuncewicz, Agonia i nadzieja (vol. 1 of Literatura polska od 1918), Warsaw, Polska Oficyna Wydawnicza BGW, 1993, p. 112. ISBN 8370665187.\nIzolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, pp. 34, 176. ISBN 8390172003.\nLesław M. Bartelski, Polscy pisarze współcześni, 1939–1991: Leksykon. Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1995, p. 121. ISBN 8301115939, (PDF file, direct download 2.54 MB), retrieved December 6, 2013.\nFor the date of Ginczanka's arrival at Równe (1922), see Mały słownik pisarzy polskich, pt. 2, ed. J. Z. Białek et al., Warsaw, Wiedza Powszechna, 1981, p. 66. ISBN 8321400124. However, Professor Izolda Kiec states that Ginczanka's parents arrived at Równe in October/November 1917, bringing the several months' old child with them; see Izolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, pp. 34 & 176. ISBN 8390172003.\nJan Śpiewak, Pracowite zdziwienia: szkice poetyckie, ed. A. Kamieńska, Warsaw, Czytelnik, 1971, p. 28.\nWspółcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury: słownik biobibliograficzny, ed. J. Czachowska & A. Szałagan, vol. 3 (G–J), Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, 1994, p. 46. ISBN 8302056367, ISBN 8302054445.\nSources differ as to the fate of her parents: Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury: słownik biobibliograficzny, ed. J. Czachowska & A. Szałagan, vol. 3 (G–J), Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, 1994, p. 46. ISBN 8302056367, ISBN 8302054445. suggests that the parents were divorced (with the father going to live abroad and the mother likewise choosing emigration after remarriage). This is confirmed by Tadeusz Wittlin, p. 241 (see Bibliography), who adds that her mother lived in Pamplona, Spain, after remarriage, while her father worked as an attorney in Berlin. (Neither source mentions the parents' names.) Łobodowski, on the other hand, while confirming that the mother settled in Spain, initially at Cordova and then at Pamplona, recalls having been told by Ginczanka that her father was \"dead\", adding that she was very reticent about her family in general; in: Józef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987, pp. 11–12. On the grandmother Sandberg, see Jan Śpiewak, Pracowite zdziwienia: szkice poetyckie, ed. A. Kamieńska, Warsaw, Czytelnik, 1971, p. 28.\nJerzy Andrzejewski, \"Stefan\"; in: Sceptyk pełen wiary: wspomnienia o Stefanie Otwinowskim, ed. W. Maciąg, introd. E. Otwinowska, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1979, p. 105. ISBN 8308001513. Jan Śpiewak, \"Zuzanna: gawęda tragiczna\"; in id., Przyjaźnie i animozje, Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1965, p. 190.\nJózef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987, p. 8.\nKrystyna Kłosińska, \"Wypowiadam wam moje życie. Melancholia Zuzanny Ginczanki, Araszkiewicz, Agata.\" Gazeta Wyborcza, 29 January 2002 (review of the book by Agata Araszkiewicz, Wypowiadam wam moje życie. Melancholia Zuzanny Ginczanki published by Fundacja OŚKA, Warsaw 2001).\nLetter of Ginczanka's mother to Kazimierz Wyka, written in Russian after the Second World War; cited in: Izolda Kiec, \"Trochę wierszy, trochę fotografii, wspomnienia kilku przyjaciół\", Czas Kultury (Poznań), No. 16, May 1990, p. 107.\nIzolda Kiec (see Bibliography), p. 37.\nCf. Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury: słownik biobibliograficzny, ed. J. Czachowska & A. Szałagan, vol. 3 (G–J), Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, 1994, p. 46. ISBN 8302056367, ISBN 8302054445. Cf. also Lesław M. Bartelski, Polscy pisarze współcześni, 1939–1991: leksykon, Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1995, p. 110. ISBN 8301115939.\nZuzanna Ginczanka, \"Żyzność sierpniowa\" (lines 15–16), Kuryer Literacko-Naukowy, vol. 10, No. 35 (Supplement to the Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny of 28 August 1933), p. 2.\nSee Wiadomości Literackie, vol. 11, No. 29 (556), 15 July 1934, p. 3. Many of the names of the other finalists cannot be further identified: they are people who didn't make a mark in later times.\n\"Turniej Młodych Poetów\", Wiadomości Literackie, vol. 11, No. 36 (563), 2 September 1934, p. 6. Cf. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, Poezje — Michał Anioł Buonarroti, tr. & ed. Leopold Staff, Warsaw, J. Mortkowicz, 1922.\nZuzanna Ginczanka, \"Gramatyka\" (lines 2–4), Wiadomości Literackie, vol. 11, No. 29 (556), 15 July 1934, p. 3.\nJózef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987, p. 9. Wacław Iwaniuk, Ostatni romantyk: wspomnienie o Józefie Łobodowskim, ed. J. Kryszak, Toruń, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 1998, p. 60. ISBN 832310915X. Matuszewski (see Bibliography).\nPolski słownik judaistyczny: dzieje, kultura, religia, ludzie, vol. 1, ed. Z. Borzymińska & R. Żebrowski, Warsaw, Prószyński i S-ka, 2003, p. 482. ISBN 837255126X. On Gombrowicz's moniker for Ginczanka, see Joanna Siedlecka, Jaśnie Panicz: o Witoldzie Gombrowiczu, Warsaw, Prószyński i S-ka, 2003, p. 171. ISBN 8373373675.\nKarol W. Zawodziński, \"Liryka polska w dobie jej kryzysu\" (Polish Lyric Poetry in the Age of Its Crisis), Przegląd Współczesny (Warsaw), vol. 69, No. 206, June 1939, pp. 14–15 (302–303).\nJarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Marginalia, ed. M. Iwaszkiewicz, P. Kądziela & L. B. Grzeniewski, Warsaw, Interim, 1993, p. 60. ISBN 8385083286.\nSzpilki, No. 13, 1937. Cited in: Janusz Stradecki, W kręgu Skamandra, Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1977, p. 310, n. 38.\nArticle on the Presspublica web portal.\nZbigniew Mitzner, Tak i nie: wybór felietonów z lat 1936–1966, Warsaw, Czytelnik, 1966, p. 240.\nSee Wiadomości Literackie, vol. 14, No. 52/53 (738/739), 26 December 1937, p. 24. Cited in: Adam Czachowski, comp., \"Wiadomości Literackie\", 1934–1939: bibliografia zawartości, Wrocław, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1999, p. 285. ISBN 8304044811.\nRyszard Matuszewski, Z bliska: szkice literackie, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1981, p. 202. ISBN 830800508X.\nJan Kott, Przyczynek do biografii, London, Aneks, 1990, p. 41. ISBN 0906601754.\nCf. Alessandro Amenta, Introduction; in: Zuzanna Ginczanka, Krzątanina mglistych pozorów: wiersze wybrane | Un viavai di brumose apparenze: poesie scelte, ed., tr., & inrod. A. Amenta, Budapest & Kraków, Wydawnictwo Austeria Klezmerhojs, 2011. ISBN 9788361978060.\nKazimierz Brandys, Zapamiętane, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1995, p. 156. ISBN 8308026001.\nAdolf Rudnicki, Niebieskie kartki: ślepe lustro tych lat, illus. A. Marczyński, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1956, p. 106.\nSee Wiadomości Literackie, vol. 14, No. 28 (714), 4 July 1937, p. 6. Cited in: Adam Czachowski, comp., \"Wiadomości Literackie\", 1934–1939: bibliografia zawartości, Wrocław, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1999, p. 285. ISBN 8304044811.\nReproduction of Aleksander Rafałowski's portrait of Ginczanka on the Gazeta Wyborcza website.\nCzesław Miłosz, Spiżarnia literacka, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2004, p. 110. ISBN 8308036023.\nJózef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987, p. 10.\nPoeta ziemi rodzinnej: zbiór wspomnień i esejów o Stanisławie Piętaku, ed. A. Kamieńska & Jan Śpiewak, Warsaw, Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza, 1970, p. 102.\nAraszkiewicz (see Bibliography), p. 11. Cf. Alessandro Amenta, Introduction; in: Zuzanna Ginczanka, Krzątanina mglistych pozorów: wiersze wybrane | Un viavai di brumose apparenze: poesie scelte, ed., tr., & inrod. A. Amenta, Budapest & Kraków, Wydawnictwo Austeria Klezmerhojs, 2011. ISBN 9788361978060.\nEryk Lipiński calls Nowicki \"her adorer\" (jej adorator): Eryk Lipiński, Pamiętniki, Warsaw, Fakt, 1990, p. 229. Cf. Stefan Otwinowski, Notes krakowski, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1975, p. 19. Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Marginalia, ed. M. Iwaszkiewicz, P. Kądziela & L. B. Grzeniewski, Warsaw, Interim, 1993, p. 60. ISBN 8385083286. Józef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987, p. 11.\nTadeusz Wittlin, p. 241 (see Bibliography).\nAlicja Iwańska, Potyczki i przymierza: pamiętnik 1918–1985, Warsaw, Gebethner i Ska, 1993, p. 89. ISBN 8385205330.\nWacław Iwaniuk, Ostatni romantyk: wspomnienie o Józefie Łobodowskim, ed. J. Kryszak, Toruń, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 1998, p. 21. ISBN 832310915X.\nCf. Noelia Román, \"Camino de peregrinación: de Lublin a Madrid. Los horizontes de Józef Łobodowski\"; in: España en Europa: historia, contactos, viajes, ed. P. Sawicki & A. Marhall, Wrocław, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2003, p. 116. ISBN 8322924860.\nEryk Lipiński, \"Ja i wielu ludzi (III): Witold Gombrowicz\" (Me and Lots of Others, Part III: Witold Gombrowicz), Stolica (Warsaw), vol. 40, No. 52 (1971), 29 December 1985, p. 11. Cf. Izolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 95. ISBN 8390172003.\nAraszkiewicz (see Bibliography), p. 9.\nMaya Peretz, \"Bondage and Freedom in the Voice of Polish Women Poets\"; in: Translation Perspectives: Selected Papers, vol. 3 (1985–86), ed. M. G. Rose, Binghamton (New York), National Resource Center for Translation and Interpretation: SUNY–Binghamton Translation Research and Instruction Program, 1984, p. 27. ISSN 0890-4758.\nFrom the letter of Tadeusz Bocheński to Kazimierz Andrzej Jaworski dated 15 February 1936; quoted in: Kazimierz Andrzej Jaworski, W kręgu Kameny (vol. 7 of Pisma: wydanie jubileuszowe), ed. P. Dąbek, Lublin, Wydawnictwo Lubelskie, 1973, p. 385. (1st ed., 1965.)\nS. H. [sic], \"Ukrainian Writers in Exile, 1945–1949\", The Ukrainian Quarterly, vol. 6, 1950, p. 74.\nJózef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987, p. 10.\nZuzanna Ginczanka, \"Słowa na wiatr\", Wiadomości Literackie, vol. 14, No. 14 (700), 28 March 1937, p. 21.\n\"Program stacyj radjowych na niedzielę, dnia 4 lipca 1937 r.\" (Radio Pragrammes for Sunday, 4 July 1937), Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny (Kraków), vol. 28, No. 184, 5 July 1937, p. 24.\n\"Program stacyj radjowych na niedzielę 27 marca 1938 r.\" (Radio Pragrammes for Sunday, 27 March 1938), Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny (Kraków), vol. 29, No. 87, 28 March 1938, p. 24.\nMonika Warneńska, Warsztat czarodzieja, Łódź, Wydawnictwo Łódzkie, 1975, p. 221.\nCf. Izolda Kiec, \"Wiosna radosna? (Ginczanka i Słonimski)\", Twórczość, No. 9, 1992, pp. 70–78.\nZuzanna Ginczanka, \"Maj 1939\" (lines 25–28), Wiadomości Literackie, vol. 16, No. 28 (820), 2 July 1939, p. 1. The poem counts a total of 32 verses arranged in 8 stanzas.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Dzieje swarliwe i wielkie przyjdzie ci jeszcze przemierzyć\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, pp. 147ff. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Dzieje swarliwe i wielkie przyjdzie ci jeszcze przemierzyć\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 149. ISBN 8390172003.\nNatan Gross, Poeci i Szoa: obraz zagłady Żydów w poezji polskiej, Sosnowiec, Offmax, 1993, p. 118. ISBN 8390014939. See also Kiec; Shallcross, The Holocaust Object, p. 39 (see Bibliography).\nOn the marriage, see also Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury: słownik biobibliograficzny, ed. J. Czachowska & A. Szałagan, vol. 3 (G–J), Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, 1994, p. 46. ISBN 8302056367, ISBN 8302054445. So also: Julian Aleksandrowicz, Kartki z dziennika doktora Twardego, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1983, p. 60. ISBN 8308009727. (1st ed., 1962.)\nAGNI magazine, Boston University, 2008.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Gdy oto pęka wiersz nie mogąc pomieścić grozy\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 155. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Gdy oto pęka wiersz nie mogąc pomieścić grozy\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 156. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Nie zostawiłam tutaj żadnego dziedzica\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 159. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Nie zostawiłam tutaj żadnego dziedzica\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 160. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Nie zostawiłam tutaj żadnego dziedzica\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 160. ISBN 8390172003. Kiec indicates \"Halina [sic] Cygańska-Walicka\" and \"Anka Jawicz [sic]\", obvious misprints or mistakes for \"Helena Cygańska-Walicka\" and \"Anna (or Anka) Rawicz\".\nIzolda Kiec, \"Nie zostawiłam tutaj żadnego dziedzica\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 161. ISBN 8390172003.\nTadeusz Wroński, Kronika okupowanego Krakowa, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1974, pp. 331–332. Cf. Izolda Kiec, \"Nie zostawiłam tutaj żadnego dziedzica\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 161. ISBN 8390172003.\nWincentyna Wodzinowska-Stopkowa, Portret artysty z żoną w tle, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1989. ISBN 8308019692. The artist of the title is Andrzej Stopka (1904–1973; see Andrzej Stopka (pl)), Wodzinowska-Stopkowa's husband, Polish scenographer and painter, pp. 54–55, 258. Also in: Izolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 161. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, \"Nie zostawiłam tutaj żadnego dziedzica\"; in id., Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 162. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, pp. 162 & 181. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 163. ISBN 8390172003.\nIzolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 163. ISBN 8390172003. This detail is also independently confirmed by Łobodowski, who does not reveal his sources; see Józef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987, p. 13.\nSee, for example, Edward Balcerzan, Poezja polska w latach 1939-1965 (pt. 1: Strategie liryczne), Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, 1982, p. 30. ISBN 830201172X.\nFor \"Płaszów\" as her place of death, see, for example, Żydzi w Polsce: dzieje i kultura: leksykon, ed. J. Tomaszewski & A. Żbikowski, Warsaw, Cyklady, 2001, p. 106. ISBN 838685958X. [Also in:] Marek Sołtysik, Świadomość to kamień: kartki z życia Michała Choromańskiego, Poznań, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 1989, p. 9. ISBN 8321006841.\nFor \"Swoszowice\" as her place of death, cf. Julian Aleksandrowicz, Kartki z dziennika doktora Twardego, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1983, p. 60. ISBN 8308009727. (1st ed., 1962.)\nFor the Montelupich Prison as her place of death, cf. Mały słownik pisarzy polskich, pt. 2, ed. J. Z. Białek et al., Warsaw, Wiedza Powszechna, 1981, p. 66. ISBN 8321400124. Lesław M. Bartelski, Polscy pisarze współcześni, 1939–1991: leksykon, Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1995, p. 110. ISBN 8301115939.\nKiec however misspells the name of the street as the ulica \"Czarneckiego [sic]\": the street is in fact named after the 17th-century Polish personage of Stefan Czarniecki. See the separate article on the Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre.\nJózef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987, p. 13.\nIzolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, p. 163. ISBN 8390172003. Professor Kiec's dating of Ginczanka's death is unsourced in her book. A further imprecision is introduced by the expression \"before the end of the war\" (przed zakończeniem wojny), which has to be taken to mean \"before the end of the war in Kraków\", as 18 January 1945 is not the date of the end of the Second World War overall.\nZbigniew W. Fronczek, \"W wojsku i na emigracji: rozmowa z Wacławem Iwaniukiem o Józefie Łobodowskim\" (In Military Service and in Exile: An Interview with Wacław Iwaniuk about Józef Łobodowski), Gazeta w Lublinie, No. 196, 23 November 1991, p. 5.\nRyszard Kotarba, \"Zuzanna Ginczanka: śmierć poetki. Historia okupacyjna\", Gazeta Wyborcza, 14 December 2015.http://wyborcza.pl/alehistoria/1,121681,19333036,zuzanna-ginczanka-smierc-poetki-historia-okupacyjna.html\nScharf (see Bibliography).\nJulian Przyboś, \"Ostatni wiersz Ginczanki\", Odrodzenie, No. 12, 1946, p. 5. Cf. Sh. L. [Shemuʾel-Leyb] Shnayderman, Between Fear and Hope, tr. N. Guterman, New York, Arco Publishing Co., 1947, p. 262.\nIn a letter of Stanislaw Wygodzki to Tadeusz Borowski dated 21 May 1946; quoted in: Tadeusz Borowski, Postal Indiscretions: The Correspondence of Tadeusz Borowski, ed. T. Drewnowski, tr. A. Nitecki, Evanston (Illinois), Northwestern University Press, 2007, pp. 86–87. ISBN 9780810122031, ISBN 0810122030.\nAnna Kamieńska, Od Leśmiana: najpiękniejsze wiersze polskie, Warsaw, Iskry, 1974, p. 219. Cited in: Shallcross, The Holocaust Object, p. 39 (see Bibliography).\nMieczysław Inglot, \"Poetyckie testamenty liryczne: uwagi wokół wiersza 'Testament mój' Juliusza Słowackiego\", Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, vol. 40, No.1/2, 1997, pp. 101–119. Cf. Shallcross, The Holocaust Object, p. 49 (see Bibliography).\nBożena Umińska (see Bibliography), p. 353.\nCf. Alessandro Amenta, Introduction; in: Zuzanna Ginczanka, Krzątanina mglistych pozorów: wiersze wybrane | Un viavai di brumose apparenze: poesie scelte, ed., tr., & inrod. A. Amenta, Budapest & Cracow, Wydawnictwo Austeria Klezmerhojs, 2011. ISBN 9788361978060. Cf. also Michel Borwicz [i.e., Michał Maksymilian Borwicz], Écrits des condamnés à mort sous l'occupation nazie, 1939–1945, préface de R. Cassin, nouvelle éd. revue et augmentée, Paris, Gallimard, 1973, p. 292.\n\"Non-Presence: Capturing Zuzanna Ginczanka\". Retrieved 6 May 2020.\nSydor Rey, \"Smak słowa i śmierci\" (The Taste of the Word and of Death), Wiadomości: tygodnik (London), vol. 12, No. 4 (1086), 22 January 1967, p. 6. Subsequently published in: id., Własnymi słowami, London, Poets' & Painters' Press, 1967, p. 27.\nDorota Chróścielewska, Portret Dziewczyny z różą, Łódź, Wydawnictwo Łódzkie, 1972, p. 30.\n\"Zuzanna Ginczanka\". Retrieved 4 May 2020.\nKiec, Izolda (1994). Zuzanna Ginczanka. Życie i twórczość. Poznań: Obserwator. ISBN 83-901720-0-3.\nKiec, Izolda (2020). Ginczanka. Nie upilnuje mnie nikt. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Marginesy. ISBN 978-83-66500-07-5.\nChowaniec, Urszula; Phillips, Ursula (22 February 2013). \"Women's Voices and Feminism in Polish Cultural Memory\". ISBN 9781443847087. Retrieved 4 May 2020.\n\"Zuzanna Ginczanka, list z tamtej strony światła\". Retrieved 4 May 2020.\n\"A Lost Feminist Poet Finally Gets Her Due\". Retrieved 6 May 2020.\n\"\"Zuzanna Ginczanka. Tylko szczęście jest prawdziwym życiem\" – katalog wystawy\". Retrieved 4 May 2020.\n\"Zuzanna Ginczanka uhonorowana tablicą pamiątkową\". Retrieved 4 May 2020.\n\"Invoking Zuzanna Ginczanka: Translation in a Time of Love & War\". Retrieved 5 May 2020.\n\"Cień w cień Za cieniem Zuzanny Ginczanki\". Retrieved 4 May 2020.\n\"Von Zentauren und weitere ausgewählte Gedichte\". Retrieved 4 April 2021.", "W 3-cią rocznicę zagłady ghetta w Krakowie (13.III.1943–13.III.1946), [ed. M. M. Borwicz, N. Rost, J. Wulf], Cracow, Centralny Komitet Żydów Polskich [Central Committee of Polish Jewry], 1946, page 83.\nMichał Głowiński, \"O liryce i satyrze Zuzanny Ginczanki\", Twórczość, No. 8, 1955.\nJan Śpiewak (1908–1967), \"Zuzanna: gawęda tragiczna\"; in id., Przyjaźnie i animozje, Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1965, pages 167–219.\nJan Śpiewak, \"Zuzanna\"; in id., Pracowite zdziwienia: szkice poetyckie, ed. A. Kamieńska, Warsaw, Czytelnik, 1971, pages 26–49.\nJózef Łobodowski, Pamięci Sulamity, Toronto, Polski Fundusz Wydawniczy w Kanadzie, 1987. (The introduction critiques, in part, Śpiewak's contribution \"Zuzanna: gawęda tragiczna\" (see above), pointing out inaccuracies in his text and his lapses of memory.)\nAleksander Hertz, The Jews in Polish Culture, tr. R. Lourie, ed. L. Dobroszycki, foreword by Cz. Miłosz, Evanston (Illinois), Northwestern University Press, 1988, page 128. ISBN 0810107589. (1st Polish ed., Paris, 1961.)\nTadeusz Wittlin, Ostatnia cyganeria, Warsaw, Czytelnik, 1989, pages 241–248. ISBN 8307016738. (1st ed., London, 1974. Recollections of a personal acquaintance of Ginczanka.)\nNatan Gross, Poeci i Szoa: obraz zagłady Żydów w poezji polskiej, Sosnowiec, Offmax, 1993, pages 118ff. ISBN 8390014939.\nIzolda Kiec, Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość, Poznań, Obserwator, 1994. ISBN 8390172003.\nMieczysław Inglot, \"Non omnis moriar Zuzanny Ginczanki w kręgu konwencji literackiej\"; in: Studia Historyczno-Demograficzne, ed. T. Jurek & K. Matwijowski, Wrocław, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 1996, pages 135–146. (With a summary in German.)\nŻydzi w Polsce: antologia literacka, ed. H. Markiewicz, Cracow, Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas, 1997, page 416. ISBN 8370524524. (Includes the original text of \"Non omnis moriar\".)\nJadwiga Sawicka, Wołyń poetycki w przestrzeni kresowej, Warsaw, DiG, 1999, passim. ISBN 837181030X.\nRafael F. Scharf, \"Literature in the Ghetto in the Polish Language: Z otchlani—From the Abyss\"; in: Holocaust Chronicles: Individualizing the Holocaust through Diaries and other Contemporaneous Personal Accounts, ed. R. M. Shapiro, introd. R. R. Wisse, Hoboken (New Jersey), Ktav, 1999, page 39. ISBN 0881256307.\nAgata Araszkiewicz, Wypowiadam wam moje życie: melancholia Zuzanny Ginczanki, Warsaw, Fundacja Ośka, 2001. ISBN 8390982080.\nBożena Umińska, Postać z cieniem: portrety Żydówek w polskiej literaturze od końca XIX wieku do 1939 roku, Warsaw, Sic!, 2001, pages 353ff. ISBN 8386056940.\nRyszard Matuszewski (1914–2010), Alfabet: wybór z pamięci 90-latka, Warsaw, Iskry, 2004, page 125. ISBN 8320717647. (Recollections of a former personal acquaintance of Ginczanka.)\nElzbieta Adamiak, \"Von Schräubchen, Pfeilern und Brücken… Dichterinnen und Theologinnen mittel- und osteuropäischer Kontexte ins Wort gebracht\"; in: Building Bridges in a Multifaceted Europe: Religious Origins, Traditions, Contexts and Identities..., ed. S. Bieberstein, K. Buday & U. Rapp, Louvain, Peeters, 2006, pages 9–24. ISBN 9789042918955, ISBN 9042918950. (Includes a German translation of the poem \"Non omnis moriar\", p. 19. Together with \"Non omnis moriar\", the article considers two other poems, by Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna and Wisława Szymborska respectively, from the point of view of the Feminist literary theory.)\nSylwia Chutnik, \"Kobiety Ziemiańskiej\", Polityka, No. 13 (2698), 28 March 2009, p. 63. (See online)\nBożena Shallcross, Rzeczy i zagłada, Cracow, Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas, 2010. ISBN 9788324213856, ISBN 9788324211104. (Includes the original text of \"Non omnis moriar\", p. 32; and an English summary of the entire book, pp. 207–208.)\nBożena Shallcross, The Holocaust Object in Polish and Polish-Jewish Culture, Bloomington (Indiana), Indiana University Press, 2011, esp. pages 13–50, and passim. ISBN 9780253355645, ISBN 0253355648. (Includes a translation of the poem \"Non omnis moriar\", pp. 37–38, more accurate than the one given above, and a detailed, deconstructive analysis of the work.)", "Agata Araszkiewicz Wypowiadam wam moje życie. Melancholia Zuzanny Ginczanki. (2001)\nAgnieszka Haska, \"'Znałam tylko jedną żydóweczkę ukrywającą się…': sprawa Zofii i Mariana Chominów\", Zagłada Żydów: Studia i Materiały, No. 4, 2008, pages 392–407.\nIzolda Kiec Zuzanna Ginczanka. Życie i twórczość. (1994)", "Photos\nA photograph of Zuzanna Ginczanka\nCulture.pl, A photograph of Zuzanna Ginczanka. Retrieved from Archive.is\nAnother photograph of Ginczanka.\nThe Photography Department (Dział Dokumentacji Fotograficznej) of the Museum of Literature in Warsaw has at least 19 photographs from different periods of Ginczanka's life (some extremely rare pictures from her childhood, and a picture of her father) which can be viewed on the East News stock-photo agency website\nGinczanka with high-school friends at Równe Wołyńskie in 1936; Blumka Fradis, who was murdered with her in 1945, is on the left; Lusia Gelmont, on the right, will be instrumental in bringing Ginczanka's poem \"Non omnis moriar\" to publication after the War.\nA 2010 photograph of the house in the ulica Mikołajska 5 in Cracow, the site of Ginczanka's last hideout where she was arrested in 1944 before being executed Photo by Paweł Krzan (July 2010).\nTexts\n\"Non omnis moriar\" in English translation.\nAnother English translation of \"Non omnis moriar\".\nItalian translation of \"Non omnis moriar\" by Alessandro Amenta (2011)\nAn English translation of the poem \"Żyzność sierpniowa\" (1933)\nZuzanna Ginczanka's Beauty and Brand, Culture.pl" ]

[ "Zuzanna Ginczanka", "Life", "Early period", "Warsaw period", "Impressions", "Publication", "Radio dramas", "Intimations of war", "Invasion of Poland", "Kraków period", "Arrest", "Notes from the prison cell", "Place and date of death", "\"Non omnis moriar\"", "Aftermath", "Remembrance", "Publications", "See also", "Footnotes", "Citations", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 5360329, 5360330, 5360331, 5360332, 5360333 ]

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[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Zuzanna_Mazurek.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzanna Mazurek (born May 15, 1991 in Świdnik) is a Polish swimmer, who specialized in backstroke events. She represented her nation Poland, as a 17-year-old, at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and has claimed multiple Polish records in both 100 and 200 m backstroke, which were eventually broken by Alicja Tchorz in the succeeding decade. Mazurek also swam as a member of UKP Fala Kraśnik, under the tutelage of her coach Sławomir Pliszká.\nMazurek made her swimming history at the 2007 European Junior Championships in Antwerp, Belgium, claiming the bronze medal in the 200 m backstroke over her teammate Iwona Lefanowicz by 0.29 of a second with a time of 2:16.36. By the following year, she won a gold medal in the same discipline at the 2008 FINA Youth World Swimming Championships in Monterrey, Mexico, smashing a meet record in 2:12.56.\nAt the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Mazurek was selected to the Polish Olympic team in the pool, competing in a backstroke double. Four months before the Games, she threw down a scorching time of 2:12.65 (200 m backstroke) to shave 1.78 seconds off the national record (2:14.43) previously set by Aleksandra Miciul in 2000 and clear the insurmountable FINA A-cut (2:12.73) by 0.08 of a second at the Polish Championships in Ostrowiec. In the 100 m backstroke, Mazurek pulled away from the field to crush the Polish record in 1:02.77 for a victory over Guatemala's Gisela Morales in heat two by a 0.15-second margin, but finished farther from the semifinal field in thirty-sixth overall. In the 200 m backstroke, Mazurek could not produce a similar effort from the initial half of the backstroke double, as she lost in a sprint challenge to Ireland's Melanie Nocher for the top spot in heat two, but managed to finish with a new national record in 2:12.46. Mazurek missed the semifinals by nearly two seconds, as she placed twenty-first overall in the prelims.", "Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. \"Zuzanna Mazurek\". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2012.\nRusticus, Oene (19 July 2007). \"Daniel Gyurta, Emese Kovacs Provide Spark at European Junior Championships\". Swimming World Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2013.\n\"World Youth Championships: Assorted Countries Hear Anthems on Third Night\". Swimming World Magazine. 10 July 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2013.\n\"Zuzanna Mazurek złotą medalistką mistrzostw świata w pływaniu\" [Zuzanna Mazurek: Gold medalist at the World Swimming Championships] (in Polish). Polish Radio Lublin. 11 July 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2013.\n\"Polish Championships: Zuzanna Mazurek Crushes National Record in 200 Back\". Swimming World Magazine. 3 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2013.\n\"Swimming: Women's 100m Backstroke Heat 2\". Beijing 2008. NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.\n\"Zuzanna Mazurek odpadła na 100 metrów grzbietem\" [Zuzanna Mazurek was eliminated in the 100 metre back] (in Polish). Wiadomości. 10 August 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2016.\n\"Swimming: Women's 200m Backstroke Heat 2\". Beijing 2008. NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.", "NBC 2008 Olympics profile" ]

[ "Zuzanna Mazurek", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360334 ]

[ 27239710, 27239711, 27239712, 27239713 ]

[ "Radecka in 2007", "" ]

[ 0, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Zuzanna_Radecka.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" ]

[ "Zuzanna Anna Radecka-Pakaszewska (born 2 April 1975 in Ruda Śląska) is a retired Polish athlete who specialised in the sprinting events. She represented her country at two Summer Olympics, in 2000 and 2004, as well as three outdoor and two indoor World Championships. Most of her success came in the relay, hr biggest individual achievement being the silver medal at the 1999 Summer Universiade.", "", "Outdoor\n100 metres – 11.29 (2000)\n200 metres – 22.96 (1999 & 2000)\n400 metres – 51.58 (2005)\n100 metres hurdles – 13.83 (1998)\nIndoor\n60 metres – 7.28 (2000)\n200 metres – 23.36 (1999)\n400 metres – 52.54 (2007)", "Zuzanna Radecka at World Athletics" ]

[ "Zuzanna Radecka", "Achievements", "Personal bests", "External links" ]

[ 5360335 ]

[ 27239714 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Profilowe_Zuzanna.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzanna Smykała (born 10 January 1990 in Chorzów) is a Polish snowboarder. She competed for Poland in the snowboard cross at the 2018 Winter Olympics, finishing 23rd in qualifying and fifth in Heat 4, eliminating her from the competition. Smykała had previously finished seventh in the snowboard cross at the 2015 Winter Universiade.", "Polish 2018 Olympic team at the Polish Olympic Committee website\nAthlete Profile Zuzanna Smykala Olympic.org\nResults - Ladies' Snowboard Cross Quarterfinal 4 Olympic.org" ]

[ "Zuzanna Smykała", "References" ]

[ 5360336 ]

[ 27239715 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Zuzanna_Szadkowski_Pic.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzanna Szadkowski ([ʂadˈkɔfski]; born October 22, 1978) is a Polish-American actress known for her role as Dorota Kishlovsky on CW teen drama series Gossip Girl. Szadkowski also appeared on The Knick, Girls, Search Party, The Good Wife, Sopranos, and Guiding Light. She made her New York Stage debut in Nora Ephron and Delia Ephron's Love, Loss, and What I Wore in which she appeared in a record-breaking five all-star casts.", "Zuzanna Szadkowski was born on October 22, 1978, in Warsaw, Poland, and moved to the United States when she was three. About her national identity and Polish accent she displays in Gossip Girl, she said, \"I was born in Poland, so I am able to identify with her that way. The accent is modeled after people in my own family, so hopefully I am doing it justice\". Szadkowski and her family moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana, where she graduated from the R. Nelson Snider High School in 1997. She attended Barnard College of Columbia University, and went on to earn a Master of Fine Arts in acting from the Institute for Advanced Theater Training at Harvard University.\nSzadkowski currently resides in Downtown Brooklyn. In 2010, she partnered with Sam Weisman to open an acting school, the Sam Weisman Studio, in New York City.", "Szadkowski made her acting debut in 2006, portraying two characters in Law & Order: Criminal Intent season 5 episode \"Watch\". She would reprise these roles in the season 7 episode \"Lonelyville\". In 2007, Szadkowski appeared in two episodes of The Sopranos, \"Soprano Home Movies\" and \"Kennedy and Heidi\". The same year, she was cast as Dorota Kishlovsky, the Polish maid of Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester), in The CW series Gossip Girl. On April 20, 2009, The CW launched the Gossip Girl spin-off web series titled Gossip Girl: Chasing Dorota, consisting of six episodes.\nSzadkowski also appeared as Nurse Pell on Steven Soderbergh's The Knick. She appeared in Girls, Search Party, The Good Wife, Elementary, and Guiding Light. Theatre credits include Uncle Romeo Vanya Juliet (WSJ Performance of the Year 2018); The Crucible; and Peter Pan with Bedlam; queens at LCT3; The Comedy of Errors as part of The Public Theater's Mobile Shakespeare Unit; King Philip's Head... with Clubbed Thumb; The 39 Steps at Actors Theatre of Louisville; The Merry Wives of Windsor at Two River Theater; and King Lear at Bristol Riverside Theatre. Szadkowski performed a one-woman show she also wrote as part of Bedlam's online theatre festival during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "", "", "", "", "Marci, Steve (February 18, 2009). \"An Interview with Zuzanna Szadkowski\". TVFantastic.com. Retrieved September 28, 2011.\n\"Biography for Zuzanna Szadkowski\". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved September 28, 2011.\n\"Zuzanna Szadkowski\". American Repertory Theater. Retrieved September 28, 2011.\nRovzar, Chris (December 16, 2008). \"Zuzanna Szadkowski, a.k.a. Dorota, Fights a Lifelong War With the Alarm Clock\". New York. Retrieved September 28, 2011.\nKuhn, Sarah (September 29, 2010). \"Sam Weisman and Zuzanna Szadkowski\". Backstage. Retrieved September 28, 2011.", "Zuzanna Szadkowski at IMDb" ]

[ "Zuzanna Szadkowski", "Early and personal life", "Career", "Filmography", "Film", "Television", "Web", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360337 ]

[ 27239716, 27239717, 27239718, 27239719, 27239720, 27239721, 27239722 ]

[ "East Mountain Ready Mart in Zuzax" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/East_Mountain_Ready_Mart%2C_Zuzax_NM.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzax is an unincorporated community in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. It lies on New Mexico State Highway 333, former U.S. Highway 66, about eleven miles (18 km) east of Albuquerque. It is now largely an area of subdivisions. An exit for Zuzax exists on nearby Interstate 40. It was known in the 1950s for its tourist store and short chair lift ride which ascended a small hill behind the store.", " New Mexico portal", "Julyan, Robert (1996). The Place Names of New Mexico. UNM Press. p. 385. ISBN 978-0-8263-1689-9.", "Media related to Zuzax, New Mexico at Wikimedia Commons" ]

[ "Zuzax, New Mexico", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360338 ]

[ 27239723 ]

[ "Town hall", "" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Zuzenhausen-rathaus.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Wappen_Zuzenhausen.png" ]

[ "Zuzenhausen is a municipality in Baden-Württemberg and is part of the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis.", "", "Zuzenhausen is in the northern part of Kraichgau, about 8 km from Sinsheim in the Elsenz river valley.", "The municipality is bordered to the north by Meckesheim, to the east by Eschelbronn, to the south by the city of Sinsheim, and to the west by Dielheim.", "Together with the Zent of Meckesheim, Zuzenhausen became part of the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1330. The overlordship of the castle and the town, however, belonged to the Bishopric of Speyer. Speyer enfeoffed the Barons von Venningen at least partially since the 14th century and completely from 1637. In 1803 Zuzenhausen became part of Baden. With the municipal reform of Baden-Württembergischen, Zuzenhausen retained its independence and entered a municipal association with Sinsheim and Angelbachtal in 1974.", "", "The municipal council consists of 10 members in addition to the chairperson and the mayor.", "The mayor is Hagen Zuber, elected in July 2018.", "The coat of arms comes from a court seal from 1748. It was fashioned by the General State Archive in 1905. The house is a pictorial representation of the community name. The lily staves are from the coat of arms of the barons of Venningen, who lorded over Zuzenhausen for hundreds of years.\nThe flag is red and white and was awarded by the Ministry of the State in 1963.", "La Colle-sur-Loup, France\n Crostau, Saxony", "", "Every two years Zuzenhausen celebrates the Dachsenfranzfest, a historical Volksfest in memory of Franzesko Regali, Dachsenfranz. Dachsenfranz was a city icon of Italian heritage. He lived in the region in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The Dachsenfranzfest was last celebrated in 2006.", "", "In Zuzenhausen there is a primary school. Secondary schools are to be found in the surrounding communities.", "(in German) Official website\n(in German) Zuzenhausen in the hiking website badischewanderungen.de", "Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse, Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.\n\"Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2020\". Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg (in German). June 2021." ]

[ "Zuzenhausen", "Geography", "Location", "Neighboring communities", "History", "Government", "Municipal council", "Mayor", "Coat of arms", "Sister cities", "Attractions", "Regular events", "Economy and infrastructure", "Education", "External links", "References" ]

[ 5360339 ]

[ 27239724, 27239725, 27239726, 27239727, 27239728 ]

[ "", "", "Moehlintal near Zuzgen" ]

[ 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Zuzgen_Kirchen.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Reliefkarte_Aargau_blank.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Moehlintal.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzgen (Swiss German: [ˈtsʊtsɡə]) is a municipality in the Rheinfelden District of canton Aargau in Switzerland. It is located in the West of the Fricktal region, around three kilometers southwest of the border with Germany, and has a border with Canton Basel-Landschaft.", "The village lies in the mid-reaches of the Möhlin valley (Möhlintal) through which flows the Möhlinbach in a northwesterly direction towards the Rhine. The flat valley floor alongside the Möhlinbach is, on average, close to 200 meters wide and is bordered on both sides by the hills of the Tabel Jura (Tafeljura) which have very steep lower slopes leading to flat upper plateau's that are intensively farmed.\nIn the North the almost circular Chriesiberg (558m) is found and in the East lies the Lohnberg (581 m) with a hamlet of the same name. This flat plateau is around one kilometer wide and stretches for over four kilometers to the southwest (known as the Wabrig plateau above Hellikon and the Hersberg above Wegenstetten). The two-kilometer-long Reckental stretches to the south of the village. To the west lies a further plateau where the hamlet of Erfleten is found.\nZuzgen has an area, as of 2009, of 8.39 square kilometers (3.24 sq mi). Of this area, 4.97 km² (1.92 sq mi) or 59.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.89 km² (1.12 sq mi) or 34.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.45 km² (0.17 sq mi) or 5.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km² (2.5 acres) or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes.\nOf the built-up area, housing and buildings made up 3.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.7%. Out of the forested land, 33.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 29.4% is used for growing crops and 26.5% is pastures, while 3.3% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.\nThe highest point is found on the southern border of the municipality (637 m (2,090 ft)) and the lowest at the Möhlinbach (360 m (1,180 ft)).\nNeighbouring villages in Canton Aargau are Zeiningen to the Northwest, Mumpf to the North, Obermumpf to the Northeast, and Hellikon to the Southeast. To the Southwest the municipality borders Buus in Canton Baselland.", "The area around Zuzgen is known to be settled in Roman times; coins and the remains of a wall provide evidence. The Alemanni (an alliance of Germanic tribes) left their mark with well-preserved graves. The first documented mention of Zuzchon dates from 10 June 1288 in a charter of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta command in Rheinfelden. The village name may have its origins from an Alamanni tribal leader called Zuzo. An important early landowner was the monastery of Bad Säckingen.\nThe first known rulers were Habsburgers. After the Waldshut war of 1468 the whole Fricktal was pledged to the Duchy of Burgundy. The Burgundians were crushingly defeated by the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Burgundian Wars meaning that Hellikon was restored to Austrian (Habsburg) authority by 1477. Following the country reforms of the Austrian King Maximilian I., Hellikon fell under the authority of \"Further Austria\" in 1491. The Möhlinbach territory (including Hellikon) came under the administration of the Kameralherrschaft Rheinfelden.\nDuring the 17th century, there was very little time when peace prevailed. During the Rappenkrieg, a peasant uprising that lasted from 1612 until 1614, and the Thirty Years' War (1633–38) the village's economic development went into decline. Also during the Pfälzer-Erbfolge Wars (1688–97) foreign troops passed through the region.\nAs a result of the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, the Fricktal became a French protectorate, forming the front line between the French Revolutionary and the Austrian troops in the War of the Second Coalition. On 20 February 1802, Rheinfelden was made a district capital of the newly created Canton of Fricktal, (Principality of Frickgau), joining the Helvetic Republic in August. On 19 February 1803, Canton Fricktal, including Zuzgen, was absorbed into Canton Aargau.\nOn 2 July 1801, a large fire destroyed almost all the houses in the village. Additionally epidemics and crop failures followed, forcing many inhabitants away. Other than farming there were few employment opportunities (for instance a small thread mill). For decades the population remained stable or slightly dropped. At the beginning of the 1980s strong building activity started, and ever more people moved from Basel and its suburbs into the village. The population has since grown by over 50%.", "At the upper entry to the village two churches stand opposite one another, the Christ Catholic St. Georg in Barock style and the Roman Catholic St. Georg in Neogothic style.", "The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure five Pine Trees Vert issuant from three Mounts of the same the middle one being lower and in chief a Mullet Or or \"Over blue, three green hills with five green trees under a yellow six pointed start\". The flag with five trees was officially adopted in 1872, although no colours were documented. The green-blue combination was introduced in 1945. The heraldry is an inappropriate choice because the colours neutralise each other and the flag cannot be seen when flown form a distance. A proposed revision to add a gold shield and red start was rejected in 2002.", "Zuzgen has a population (as of December 2020) of 881. As of June 2009, 9.5% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 10.5%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (97.8%), with Albanian being second most common (1.1%) and Italian being third (0.4%).\nThe age distribution, as of 2008, in Zuzgen is; 109 children or 12.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 104 teenagers or 12.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 65 people or 7.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 102 people or 12.0% are between 30 and 39, 171 people or 20.2% are between 40 and 49, and 137 people or 16.2% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 85 people or 10.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 45 people or 5.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 26 people or 3.1% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 4 people or 0.5% who are 90 and older.\nAs of 2000, there were 18 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 115 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 136 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. As of 2000, there were 272 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. In 2008 there were 195 single family homes (or 56.4% of the total) out of a total of 346 homes and apartments. There were a total of 1 empty apartments for a 0.3% vacancy rate. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units was 2.5 new units per 1000 residents.\nIn the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 35.96% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (16.38%), the CVP (14.74%) and the Green Party (13.17%). In the federal election, a total of 244 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.1%.\nThe historical population is given in the following table:", "As of  2007, Zuzgen had an unemployment rate of 1.57%. As of 2005, there were 98 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 30 businesses involved in this sector. 27 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 6 businesses in this sector. 74 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 21 businesses in this sector.\nIn 2000 there were 364 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 259 or about 71.2% of the residents worked outside Zuzgen while 32 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 137 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 17.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 53.6% used a private car. Most of working population of Zuzgen are commuters, working in the larger Fricktal municipalities and the Basel agglomeration.", "Hellikon lies on the unclassified road running along the Möhlintal from Möhlin to Wegenstetten. A small side road leads to Buus. The nearest intersection with the A3 motorway can be found at Rheinfelden. Connection with the public transport network is through the Postauto bus route in either the direction of Möhlin or Weggenstetten.", "From the 2000 census, 395 or 54.2% were Roman Catholic, while 198 or 27.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 50 individuals (or about 6.86% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic faith and 1.2% of the population was Muslim while 0.5% followed other beliefs.", "In Zuzgen about 78.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the school age population (in the 2008/2009 school year), there are 87 students attending primary school in the municipality.\nThe municipality has one kindergarten and one primary school. Middle and secondary schools are located in Möhlin and shared by the entire Möhlintal. Alternative secondary schools are available in Wegenstetten and Zeiningen for those who do not wish to proceed into further education. Thanks to an inter-cantonal agreement, youngsters from the Fricktal may attend the college in Muttenz (canton Baselland).", "\"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen\". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.\n\"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018\". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data (in German) accessed 25 March 2010\nFlags of the World.com accessed 28-May-2010\nJoseph Galliker, Marcel Giger: Gemeindewappen des Kantons Aargau. Lehrmittelverlag des Kantons Aargau, Buchs 2004. ISBN 3-906738-07-8\n\"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit\". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.\nStatistical Department of Canton Aargau -Bereich 01 -Bevölkerung (in German) accessed 20 January 2010\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 28-May-2010\nStatistical Department of Canton Aargau -Bevölkerungsdaten für den Kanton Aargau und die Gemeinden (Archiv) (in German) accessed 20 January 2010\nStatistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009 (in German) accessed 20 January 2010\nStatistical Department of Canton Aargau (in German) accessed 20 January 2010\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton (in German) accessed 28 May 2010\nBevölkerungsentwicklung der Gemeinden im Bezirk Rheinfelden - Statistisches Amt des Kantons Aargau\nStatistical Department of Canton Aargau-Bereich 11 Verkehr und Nachrichtenwesen (in German) accessed 21 January 2010\nGemeindeporträt - Statistisches Amt des Kantons Aargau", "Official Website of the Zuzgen municipality" ]

[ "Zuzgen", "Geography", "History", "Notable sights", "Flag", "Demographics", "Economy", "Transport links", "Religion", "Education", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360340, 5360341 ]

[ 27239729, 27239730, 27239731, 27239732, 27239733, 27239734, 27239735, 27239736, 27239737, 27239738, 27239739, 27239740, 27239741, 27239742, 27239743, 27239744, 27239745, 27239746, 27239747, 27239748, 27239749, 27239750, 27239751, 27239752, 27239753 ]

[ "", "Zuzi Zu and Željko Bebek during tour \"Kad bi' bio Bijelo Dugme\" 2008." ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Zuzi_Zu.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3f/Zuzi_Zu_i_Bebek.jpg" ]

[ "Zumreta Midžić, known by her stage name Zuzi Zu, is a popular Bosnian artist: singer, musician and songwriter. She performs various music genres from pop-rock to Bosnian folk - sevdalinka and Gypsy music. She was born in Velika Kladuša, Bosnia and Herzegovina and for many years she was living and working in Sarajevo.", "Zuzi Zu developed two parallel and separated : one was in economics and the other was in music. \nShe graduated with Bachelor of Economics, from University of Sarajevo's Faculty of Economics. After the graduation she found employment in Government of Socialistic Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina – Department for planning of economic development as an adviser for tourism and trade.\nShe is continued her academic career and she granted at The Institute of Social Studies in The Hague, Netherlands.\nAt the same time she was studying economics, she also attended Sarajevo's Secondary Music School – Department of solo singing. She was also a member of the Choir of Radio Television of Sarajevo. Maestro Julio Marić, conductor of the Choir, selected her to sing backing vocals for the Festival \"Vaš Šlager Sezone\" in 1976 when songwriter Kemal Monteno won it with the famous song \"Sarajevo, ljubavi moja\".\nAfter that she participated as a backing vocalist, alongside young singer Gordana Ivandić in the Great Yugoslav Tour of \"Indexi\" and Zdravko Čolić. Later these two ladies formed disco duo \"Rock Hotel\" and released single \"Disco/Blue jeans\". After disintegration of \"Rok Hotel\" this duo joined male singer Mirza Alijagić and formed disco group \"Mirzino jato\". The period from 1979 to 1982, while she was a member of the group, was marked with some of the greatest Yugoslav disco hits such as \"Apsolutno tvoj\", \"Normalna stvar\", \"Charter Flight\" etc.\nIn the midst of eighties she's began cooperation with \"Bijelo dugme\", the greatest rock group of former Yugoslavia. She sang backing vocals on the album \"Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo\" and participated on subsequently eponymous Yugoslav Tour of the group.\nDuring all these years Zuzi Zu's also performed old Bosnian folk songs called sevdalinka. Famous interpreter of sevdalinka Himzo Polovina supported her to record the first sevdalinka song \"Moj beharu ko li mi te bere\" for the Musical Production of Sarajevo's Radio and Television. Aftar that she recorded about 20 of sevdalinka with National and Tamburitza Orchestra RTV Sarajevo. With one of the most prominent and popular performers of the Bosnian traditional music sevdalinka Safet Isović and his Omer Pobrić Orchestra in the late '80s and early '90s she sang at concerts and parties in Bosnia, Germany and Austria.-\nIn the year 1991 she recorded her first solo album \"Noćas ja ludujem\". The author of all songs was Milić Vukašinović Mića famous composer of rock and folk songs. \nThe winds of Yugoslav war broke her two careers and brought her, first, to Italy and then to Netherlands.\nIn Italy she sang sevdalinka in the Turin's Folk Club and in the year 1993 she participated at famous Genoa's Mediterranean Festival.\nIn Netherlands she has cooperated with Amsterdam's gipsy orchestra Ogto Gadje and in the year 2002 they recorded joint CD \"Ogto Gadje II\". There she sang four famous gipsy songs.\n2005 she returned to Sarajevo. There she joined the band formed by Željko Bebek, Mladen Vojičić Tifa and Alen Islamović, the three former singers of \"Bijelo dugme\". Next four years under the name \"Kad sam bio bijelo dugme\" band was touring all-around Europe and countries of Balkan region.\nZuzi Zu was preparing nearly 5 years her second solo album. So far she recorded 18 songs: \"Vatra\", \"Trepavica\", \"Čičak\", \"Plava banana\", \"San o ljubavi\", \"Ederlezi\", \"Ružica si bila\", \"Žena istoka\", \"Reanimacija\", \"Morska pjena\", \"Where Love Has Gone\", \"Dove l'amore\", \"Trag ljubavi\", \"Waar ben je gebleven\", \"Delija\", \"Lutka od gume\", \"Imal jada k'o kad akšam pada\" and \"Uspavanka\". The standalone CD named \"Vatra\" consisted of 10 tracks, of which six singles already has videos and they are: \"Vatra\", \"San o ljubavi\", \"Morska pjena\", \"Ederlezi\", \"Trag ljubavi\" and \"Delija\". Collaborators on CD audio tracks and videos are Studio Kobac, Studio Futa Radulović and Dejan Miličević from Belgrade. Than Studio Al, Studio Tempo from Sarajevo and Invenio Films from Bijeljina. Zuzi Zu appears as an author, singer, producer and stylist.\nShe participated in the Tv Pink reality of Farma 5 in 2013.\nZuzi Zu was also announced as part of the supporting stage team for Bosnia and Herzegovina in the performance at Eurovision 2016, but later withdrew her participation in the project.", "Zuzi Zu sang in several Yugoslav films. The most important are these:\nThe first one is the film \"Nacionalna klasa\" (National Class Category Up to 785 cm³) by director Goran Marković. She performed back vocals in a main musical theme of the film named \"Floyd\" and she also sang a song named \"Hoby\" where punk for the first time was introduced in Yugoslav music.\nThe author of all music was Zoran Simjanović.\nThe second one is the movie \"Dom za vešanje\"(Time of the Gypsies) by director Emir Kusturica. There she sings the backing vocals for the famous song \"Ederlezi\"(St. George's Day) that later became the trademark of the whole film.", "", "1991 Noćas ja ludujem (Sarajevo Disk)", "1978 Disco/Blue Jeans (Jugoton)", "1979 Šećer i med (PGP RTB)\n1979 Apsolutno tvoj, Pada sneg (Single) (PGP RTB)\n1979 Normalna stvar (PGP RTB)\n1980 Ja bih da me druga mazi / Zvezda i alkohol (Single) (PGP RTB)", "1984 Zašto tako strasno (Frano Lasić) (Jugodisk)\n1986 Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo (Bijelo Dugme) (Diskoton, Kamarad)\n1987 Mramor, kamen i željezo (Bijelo Dugme) (Diskoton)\n1987 Legija (Legija) (PGP RTB)\n1990 Nakon svih ovih godina (Bijelo Dugme) (Diskoton)\n1991 Rođena si samo za mene (Hari Mata Hari) (Diskoton)\n2000 U ime ljubavi (Halid Bešlić) (In Takt records)\n2000 Uzmi 1 Ili 2 (Fistik) (Song Zelex)\n2004 Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo (Bijelo Dugme) (Music Star Production)\n2004 Mramor, kamen i željezo (Bijelo Dugme) (Music Star Production)\n2005 Antologija 2 ('84 – '89) (Bijelo Dugme) (Not on Label)\n2010 Mijenjam (Boban Rajović) (City records)", "1979 Originalna muzika iz filma \"Nacionalna klasa\" (PGP RTB)\n1988 Goran Bregović, Dom Za Vešanje (Muzika Iz Filma Emira Kusturice) (Diskoton, Kamarad)\n1988 Goran Bregović, Dom Za Vešanje (Muzika Iz Filma Emira Kusturice) (Diskoton)\n1994 Hoby (as Zumreta Midžić-Zuzi) Original Music Score From The Motion Picture National Class (Up To 785 CCM) (C&H Records)", "1992 Noćas ja ludujem (Tonight I'm fooling around), (director Milan Bilbija)\n2010 Delija (The Hunk), (director Dejan Miličević)\n2011 Ružica si bila (The Rose You Were), (director Dejan Miličević)\n2012 Reanimacija (Reanimation), (director Dejan Miličević)\n2012 Žena istoka (Oriental Woman), (director Dejan Miličević)\n2012 Morska pjena (The Sea Foam), (director Dejan Miličević)\n2013 Vatra (The Fire), (Invenio films)\n2013 Where love has gone, (Invenio films)\n2013 Trag ljubavi (The Trail of Love), (Invenio films)\n2013 Dove l'Amore (Where is love?), (Invenio films)\n2013 Waar ben je gebleven (Where are You?), (Invenio films)\n2014 Ederlezi, (Invenio films)\n2014 San o ljubavi, (Invenio films)", "\"Home\". iss.nl.\n\"Home\". denhaag.nl.\n\"BHRT\".\n\"Scandal in Bosnia: Zuzi zu to sue BH Eurosong team!\".", "Official website\nOfficial YouTube channel #1\nOfficial YouTube channel #2\nOfficial Facebook page\nOfficial Twitter account\nOfficial SoundCloud account\nOfficial MySpace" ]

[ "Zuzi Zu", "Biography", "Filmography", "Discography", "Solo albums", "As a member of a group Rock Hotel", "As a member of a group Mirzino Jato", "As a backing vocalist", "Soundtrack movie albums", "Videography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360342, 5360343 ]

[ 27239754, 27239755, 27239756, 27239757, 27239758, 27239759, 27239760, 27239761, 27239762, 27239763, 27239764, 27239765, 27239766, 27239767, 27239768 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Zuzka_Bebarov%C3%A1-Rujbrov%C3%A1%2C_EP_election_campaign%2C_Brno.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzka Bebarová-Rujbrová (born 13 January 1951), is a Czech politician. She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic from 1996 to 2021, representing South Moravian Region for the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia", "She has served as a member of Committee on Petitions since 4 December 2013, and chair since 6 December. She also serves as a Member of the Committee on Security", "\"JUDr. Zuzka Bebarova Rujbrova\". Psp.cz. Retrieved 2015-06-19." ]

[ "Zuzka Bebarová-Rujbrová", "Career", "References" ]

[ 5360344 ]

[ 27239769 ]

[ "Slovak writer" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Portrait_zguriska-zuzka.jpg" ]

[ "Zuzka Zguriška (13 April 1900 – 24 September 1984), born as Ľudmila Šimonovičová, married Dvořáková, was a Slovak novelist, play-writer and translator, and occasional actress. Zguriška is a belated representative of classical Slovak Realism.", "She was born in a family of teachers and education acquired within Myjave, Modra, one year passed in Himmelkrone (Bavaria), later studied at the teachers' college in Hungarian Hódmezővásárhelyi from there to cross at a teacher training college in Serbian Subotica, finally she graduated in 1920 at the Institute of Education teachers in Brno . From 1920 - 24 she worked as a teacher at Myjave, she married and moved to Bratislava, where she lived until 1945. During World War II, he graduated from the Philosophical Faculty of Comenius University, Department of Philosophy and Art History. In 1945 she moved with her husband in Prague. In the years 1949 - 1951 worked at the Barrandov Studios as a film scriptwriter, then devoted to literature. In 1960 she was awarded the title deserved artist.", "Her first work published in 1922 in the Slovak daily and gradually began to contribute to other magazines and newspapers ( Workers Newspaper, Živena, Elan, Slovak Perspectives et al.). Also he cooperated with the Czechoslovak Radio, which regularly has published her work, pay and the theater, but for health reasons refused a permanent contract, although it has had great success as an actress (she performed in Slovak National Theatre ). In his literary works he tried to introduce distinctive world Myjava Kopanice, which was administered from the humorous page. In short literary forms he caught a lot of pages characteristic of life in his native land, painted a lot of interesting characters, and also used a lot of humorous events. When writing based on their own knowledge and experiences.", "Bičianka z Doliny [Bičianka from the Valley] (1938), novel\nMetropola pod slamou [Metropolis under the Straw] (1949), trilogy, vol.1\nMestečko na predaj [Small Town for sale] (1953), trilogy vol.2.\nZbojnícke chodníčky 1959, trilogy vol.3", "", "Litcentrum - slovak datacentrum\nA History of Central European Women's Writing, edited by Celia Hawkesworth, Palgrave Macmilian, 2001, pp. 287. ISBN 978-0-333-77809-8" ]

[ "Zuzka Zguriška", "Biography", "Creation", "Works", "Further reading", "References" ]

[ 5360345 ]

[ 27239770, 27239771, 27239772, 27239773, 27239774 ]

[ "SNI document on Stuart, 1971", "Stuart Angel" ]

[ 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Stuart_Angel_Jones_-_SNI_-_1971.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Stuart.png" ]

[ "Zuleika Angel Jones (June 5, 1921 – April 14, 1976), better known as Zuzu Angel, was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son, Stuart. She was also the mother of journalist Hildegard Angel.\nIn 2014, the National Truth Commission created to gather and review information about crimes committed during the years of the CIA and U.S. government-backed Brazilian military dictatorship, a former agent of the military repression named Cláudio Antônio Guerra, confirmed the participation of agents of the security apparatus in the death of Angel.", "Zuzu Angel was born on June 5, 1921, in Curvelo, Brazil. While still a child, she moved to Belo Horizonte, later living in Bahia. Bahian culture and colors significantly influenced the style of Angel's creations. In 1947, she went to live in Rio de Janeiro, then Brazil's capital city.\nIn the 1950s, Angel began her work as a seamstress, usually making clothing for close relatives. At the start of the 1970s, she opened up a store in Ipanema, at the same time beginning to exhibit her clothes on American catwalks. In her fashion expositions, she always harnessed the joy and richness of the colours of Brazilian culture, making a name for herself in the fashion world of her time.\nAngel married an American salesman, Norman Angel Jones, and on January 11, 1946, they had a son, Stuart.", "Stuart Angel was an undergraduate student at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro's School of Economics when he joined the left-wing urban guerrilla group Revolutionary Movement 8th October (Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro – MR-8). He was known by his fellow guerrillas by the codenames \"Paulo\" and \"Henrique\". He married fellow militant Sônia Maria Morais Angel Jones, who later died in the custody of the military dictatorship's political police.\nStuart was arrested in the neighborhood of Grajaú, Rio de Janeiro, near Av. 28 de Setembro, around 9 a.m. on June 14, 1971, by officers of the Air Force Information Center (Centro de Informações da Aeronáutica – CISA). He was then taken under custody to CISA headquarters, where he was reportedly tortured. According to political prisoner Alex Polari, who claimed to have witnessed the incident, Stuart was then tied to the back of a jeep with his mouth glued to the vehicle's exhaust pipe and dragged through the courtyard of the Air Force base, resulting in his death by asphyxiation and carbon monoxide poisoning. His body was never found.", "Alex Polari wrote a letter to Zuzu Angel explaining the circumstances of her son's death. Based on Polari's letter and other evidence, Angel reported the murder to Ted Kennedy, who revealed the case during a speech at the United States Senate. Angel also handed to then Secretary of State of the United States, Henry Kissinger, a letter she wrote herself, a translation of Polari's letter, and a copy of the twentieth volume of the book History of the Brazilian Republic by Hélio Silva, in which Stuart's death is discussed. According to Silva, among the reactions of the regime to the protests of the American-Brazilian community were the removal and subsequent retirement of Brigadier João Paulo Burnier, who Polari accused of being responsible for Stuart's death, and the dismissal of then Minister of the Air Force, Márcio de Sousa Melo.", "Zuzu Angel was killed in a car crash on April 14, 1976. The suddenness of her death raised suspicions of further government involvement; the case was investigated by the Comissão de Mortos e Desaparecidos Políticos (Commission on Political Deaths and Disappearances), under process number 237/96, who found many reasons to doubt the official version of events.\nIn 2014, the involvement of agents of the military repression regime in Brazil in her death was confirmed. A former agent named \nCláudio Antônio Guerra, wrote the book Memories of a Dirty War, in which he details several crimes in which he participated and he also revealed details about historical events of that time, among them the Riocentro May Day Attack, the death of Zuzu Angel and others.\nCláudio Antônio Guerra, who was director of the Department of Political and Social Order, known as DOPS, a department notorious for the involvement in torture, extrajudicial killings and forced disappearance, pointed out to the presence at the scene of the accident at the moment it occurred of army Colonel Freddie Perdigão, a repression agent and known torturer. In a photo taken at the scene of the accident that killed the stylist, Freddie Perdigão is seen standing close to the car as if a passer-by. The photo had been taken on April 14, 1976 and was published by the press on the day of disaster but Perdigão had not been identified in the photo until Guerra identified him to the members of the Commission.", "Stuart Angel is the patron of Juventude Revolucionária 8 de Outubro, MR-8's youth branch. MR-8 is now a faction of the Brazilian Democratic Movement.\nStuart's probable death by asphyxiation and carbon monoxide poisoning was referred in the lyrics of the song \"Cálice\", written by Chico Buarque and Gilberto Gil. In homage to Zuzu Angel, and other mothers who were unable to bury their children, Buarque wrote the song \"Angélica\" in 1977.\nIn 2006, the events surrounding Stuart's death were dramatised in the film Zuzu Angel, directed by Sérgio Rezende. The movie, in which Daniel de Oliveira plays Stuart, is about Zuzu's struggle to find out the truth of her son's death.\nThe Tunnel Dois Irmãos, which connects Gávea to São Conrado, the same place where Zuzu's car crashed, was renamed after her.\nIn 2015, Angel was commemorated on her 94th birthday with a Google Doodle featuring a motif adapted from the prints she used in her designs.", "\"Zuzu Angel\" (in Portuguese). UOL Educação. Retrieved July 15, 2013.\npragmatismopolitico.com.br: Is the man who killed nearly 100 during the military dictatorship sorry? (in portugues-O homem que matou quase 100 na ditadura militar está arrependido?), accessdate: 5/8/2015\n\"Ex-delegado diz que transportou 13 corpos para incineração na ditadura - O Globo\" (in Portuguese). 23 July 2014. Retrieved 2015-06-04.\n\"Stuart Edgar Angel Jones\" Archived January 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese). Tortura Nunca Mais. Retrieved July 15, 2013.\n\"Stuart Edgar Angel Jones\" (in Portuguese). Eremias Delizoicov. Retrieved July 15, 2013.\n\"Notorious Graduates from Brazil\". School of the Americas Watch. Retrieved July 15, 2013.\n\"Direito à Memória e à Verdade\" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Secretaria Especial de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República. 2007: 414–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 5, 2007. \nJornal O Globo: Truth Commission says photo proof of military involvement in the death of Zuzu Angel (in portugues-Comissão da Verdade diz que foto comprova envolvimento de militares na morte de Zuzu Angel) - Jornal O Globo, accessdate: 5/8/2015\n\"'Bebida amarga' não era metáfora em 'Cálice'\" (in Portuguese). Futepoca. January 29, 2010.\nLeite, Paulo Moreira.\"Zuzu Angel até parece novela mas é um bom filme\" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on June 14, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2013.. O Estado de S. Paulo. August 17, 2006. Archived from the original on June 14, 2007.\nGoogle Doodle, June 5, 2015.", "Zuzu o Anjo at Bolsa Demulher (in Portuguese)\nZuzu Angel Institute (in Portuguese)" ]

[ "Zuzu Angel", "Life and career", "Forced disappearance of Stuart Angel", "Aftermath", "Death", "Homages and cultural references", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360346 ]

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[ "", "", "Fields on the outskirts of Zuzwil", "Modern house in Zuzwil", "Traditional Bernese farmhouse and barn in Zuzwil", "Zuzwil school building" ]

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[ "Zuzwil is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Zuzwil is first mentioned in 1249 as Zuozwile.\nThe oldest trace of a settlement in the area are some ruined Roman era walls. During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Counts of Kyburg, Frienisberg Abbey, Fraubrunnen Abbey and Münchenbuchsee Commandery all owned land in Zuzwil. Once Bern acquired Zuzwil, they combined it with the villages of Vogelsang, Zimlisberg and Dieterswil (all three are now part of Rapperswil and placed it under a Bernese mayor who lived in Dieterswil. This organization existed until the 1798 French invasion and the creation of the Helvetic Republic. With the Act of Mediation, Zuzwil became part of the new Fraubrunnen district.\nZuzwil is part of the parish of Jegenstorf.\nThe village remained largely rural and agricultural until about 1965, when it began to become a commuter town for the nearby city of Bern. By 2000, slightly over three-quarters of the working population commutes to Bern, Jegenstorf or other towns. It forms the center of a school district that includes Iffwil and Ballmoos.", "Zuzwil has an area of 3.47 km² (1.34 sq mi). Of this area, 2.31 km² (0.89 sq mi) or 66.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.9 km² (0.35 sq mi) or 26.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.26 km² (0.10 sq mi) or 7.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km² (2.5 acres) or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes.\nOf the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.0%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 57.8% is used for growing crops and 7.2% is pastures, while 1.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.\nThe municipality is located on the eastern side of the Rapperswil plateau at the intersection of the Münchenbuchsee-Mülchi road and the Jegenstorf-Rapperswil road.\nOn 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Fraubrunnen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland.", "The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or three Shovel-heads Azure.", "Zuzwil has a population (as of December 2020) of 563. As of 2010, 3.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 23.6%. Migration accounted for 16.5%, while births and deaths accounted for 4.5%.\nMost of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (460 or 97.0%) as their first language, French is the second most common (6 or 1.3%) and English is the third (3 or 0.6%).\nAs of 2008, the population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The population was made up of 276 Swiss men (48.1% of the population) and 12 (2.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 277 Swiss women (48.3%) and 9 (1.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 140 or about 29.5% were born in Zuzwil and lived there in 2000. There were 200 or 42.2% who were born in the same canton, while 87 or 18.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 36 or 7.6% were born outside of Switzerland.\nAs of 2010, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 21.6%.\nAs of 2000, there were 172 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 267 married individuals, 17 widows or widowers and 18 individuals who are divorced.\nAs of 2000, there were 33 households that consist of only one person and 18 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 183 apartments (94.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 8 apartments (4.1%) were seasonally occupied and 3 apartments (1.5%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2011, was 0.43%.\nThe historical population is given in the following chart:", "In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 31.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (28.6%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (13.6%) and the FDP.The Liberals (6.5%). In the federal election, a total of 279 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 61.5%.", "As of  2011, Zuzwil had an unemployment rate of 1.31%. As of 2008, there were a total of 60 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 34 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. No one was employed in the secondary sector. 26 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 10 businesses in this sector. There were 243 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.3% of the workforce.\nIn 2008 there were a total of 40 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 23, all of which were in agriculture. There were no jobs in the secondary sector. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 17. In the tertiary sector; 1 was in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 1 was in the information industry, 4 or 23.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 5 or 29.4% were in education.\nIn 2000, there were 17 workers who commuted into the municipality and 187 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 11.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 14% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.8% used a private car.", "From the 2000 census, 42 or 8.9% were Roman Catholic, while 370 or 78.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 3 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.63% of the population), and there were 40 individuals (or about 8.44% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 4 individuals who were Hindu. 31 (or about 6.54% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 4 individuals (or about 0.84% of the population) did not answer the question.", "In Zuzwil about 200 or (42.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 86 or (18.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 86 who completed tertiary schooling, 69.8% were Swiss men, 25.6% were Swiss women.\nThe Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.\nDuring the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 73 students attending classes in Zuzwil. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 30 students in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 31 students. Of the primary students, 6.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 9.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 12 students.\nAs of 2000, there were 27 students in Zuzwil who came from another municipality, while 23 residents attended schools outside the municipality.", "\"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen\". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.\n\"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018\". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.\nZuzwil in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.\nArealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data (in German) accessed 25 March 2010\nNomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Archived 2015-11-13 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 4 April 2011\nFlags of the World.com accessed 22-February-2013\n\"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit\". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.\nStatistical office of the Canton of Bern (in German) accessed 4 January 2012\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine accessed 22 February 2013\nSTAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Archived April 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 2 February 2011\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Archived September 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Archived September 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 29 January 2011\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Archived November 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 8 May 2012\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Archived December 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb (in German) accessed 24 June 2010\nEDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.\nSchuljahr 2010/11 pdf document(in German) accessed 4 January 2012" ]

[ "Zuzwil, Bern", "History", "Geography", "Coat of arms", "Demographics", "Politics", "Economy", "Religion", "Education", "References" ]

[ 5360347, 5360348, 5360349, 5360350, 5360351 ]

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[ "", "", "Aerial view of Zuzwil" ]

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[ "Zuzwil (SG) is a village and a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Zuzwil has an area, as of 2006, of 9 km² (3.5 sq mi). Of this area, 58.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 23.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 16.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.7%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes).\nThe town is situated within the northern foothills of the Alps, in the \"Fürstenland\" region just east of the medieval city of Wil. Wooded hills form the town’s backdrop to the north, while the Thur meanders along its southern edge. The town’s southerly aspect provides for stunning vistas of the eastern Swiss Alps, and of the Alpstein massif in particular.\nThe Municipality of Zuzwil encompasses the towns of Zuzwil, Züberwangen and Weiern.", "In the year 1803, when the Canton of St. Gallen was formed, the hitherto unincorporated hamlet of Weiern became part of the municipality of Zuzwil.", "First mentioned in the Henauer Urkunde, Züberwangen was incorporated into the municipality of Zuzwil at the formation of the Canton of St. Gallen in 1803.", "The region was settled by the Alamanni, a Germanic tribe, some 1,500 years ago. The influx of the Alamanni into northern, eastern and central Switzerland followed a period when the area had fallen under Roman rule and was sparsely settled. Prior to that, the region was inhabited by Celtic peoples.\nThe hamlet of “Züberwangen” was first mentioned in the Henauer Urkunde (Deed of Henau) of 754, wherein property in Züberwangen, along with property in some other hamlets, all owned by a man named “Rotphald” was deeded to the Abbey of St. Gall.\nZuzwil itself first appears in a separate deed, dated 11 May 761. As with the Henauer Urkunde, this document also deeds property, this time located in Zuzwil, to the Abbey of St. Gall.\n“Zuocewilare” or “Zuozo Vilare” (Zuozo's hamlet) as Zuzwil was originally called, is believed to derive its name from an Alamanni clan leader by the name of “Zuozo” who established a settlement there.", "The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules two Lions passant Argent.", "Zuzwil has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 4,786. As of 2007, about 10.3% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Of the foreign population, (as of 2000), 50 are from Germany, 73 are from Italy, 138 are from ex-Yugoslavia, 24 are from Austria, 20 are from Turkey, and 100 are from another country. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 27.2%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (93.6%), with Albanian being second most common ( 1.3%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 1.0%). Of the Swiss national languages (as of 2000), 3,556 speak German, 4 people speak French, 33 people speak Italian,\nThe age distribution, as of 2000, in Zuzwil is; 592 children or 15.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 574 teenagers or 15.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 397 people or 10.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 684 people or 18.0% are between 30 and 39, 623 people or 16.4% are between 40 and 49, and 487 people or 12.8% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 216 people or 5.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 133 people or 3.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 78 people or 2.1% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 14 people or 0.4% who are between 90 and 99.\nIn 2000 there were 290 persons (or 7.6% of the population) who were living alone in a private dwelling. There were 759 (or 20.0%) persons who were part of a couple (married or otherwise committed) without children, and 2,453 (or 64.6%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 203 (or 5.3%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 25 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 10 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 14 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 44 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.\nIn the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 38.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (20.4%), the FDP (18%) and the SP (10.4%).\nIn Zuzwil about 80.4% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Out of the total population in Zuzwil, as of 2000, the highest education level completed by 665 people (17.5% of the population) was Primary, while 1,507 (39.7%) have completed their secondary education, 478 (12.6%) have attended a Tertiary school, and 113 (3.0%) are not in school. The remainder did not answer this question.", "As of  2007, Zuzwil had an unemployment rate of 1.75%. As of 2005, there were 103 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 32 businesses involved in this sector. 606 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 73 businesses in this sector. 704 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 152 businesses in this sector.\nAs of October 2009 the average unemployment rate was 3.2%. There were 259 businesses in the municipality of which 78 were involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 155 were involved in the third.\nAs of 2000 there were 608 residents who worked in the municipality, while 1,411 residents worked outside Zuzwil and 699 people commuted into the municipality for work.", "From the 2000 census, 2,319 or 61.1% are Roman Catholic, while 925 or 24.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 3 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who belong to the Christian Catholic faith, there are 37 individuals (or about 0.97% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 58 individuals (or about 1.53% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 106 (or about 2.79% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 8 individuals (or about 0.21% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 249 (or about 6.56% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 93 individuals (or about 2.45% of the population) did not answer the question.", "\"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen\". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.\n\"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018\". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.\nSwiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 20-January-2010\nFlags of the World.com Archived June 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine accessed 20-January-2010\n\"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit\". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.\nDer Kanton St. Gallen und seine Menschen in Zahlen - Ausgabe 2009 (in German) accessed 30 December 2009\nCanton St. Gallen Statistics-Hauptergebnisse der Volkszählung 2000: Regionen- und Gemeindevergleich-Personen Archived October 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 30 December 2009\nSt Gallen Canton statistics-Unemployment (in German) accessed 30 December 2009\nSt Gallen Canton statistics-Businesses Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 31 December 2009\nSt Gallen Canton statistics-Commuters Archived July 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 31 December 2009\nSpiess, Emil (1979). Die Welt im Dorf (in German). Ersparnisanstalt Zuzwil.\nThoma, Josef (1988). Zuzwil - unser Dorf (in German).", "Municipality of Zuzwil - Official website (in German)" ]

[ "Zuzwil, St. Gallen", "Geography", "Weiern", "Züberwangen", "History", "Coat of arms", "Demographics", "Economy", "Religion", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360352, 5360353, 5360354 ]

[ 27239814, 27239815, 27239816, 27239817, 27239818, 27239819, 27239820, 27239821, 27239822, 27239823, 27239824, 27239825, 27239826, 27239827, 27239828, 27239829, 27239830, 27239831, 27239832 ]

[ "Zuzzurro in April 2010." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zuzzurro_cropped.jpg" ]

[ "Andrea Cipriano Brambilla (21 August 1946 − 24 October 2013), better known as Zuzzurro, was an Italian actor and comedian.\nZuzzurro was born on 21 August 1946 in Varese. He was a former member of Zuzzurro e Gaspare with Nino Formicola (Gaspare).\nIn September 2013, it was reported Zuzzurro had lung cancer. He subsequently died of the illness on 24 October 2013, aged 67, in Milan.", "", "«Combatto la malattia sul palco Voglio far ridere il mio pubblico» (in Italian)\nMorto il comico Zuzzurro Re del Drive in insieme a Gaspare (in Italian)", "Zuzzurro at IMDb" ]

[ "Zuzzurro", "Filmography", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360355 ]

[ 27239833 ]

[ "Former fortress", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

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[ "Zvíkov is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.\nZvíkov lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of České Budějovice and 124 km (77 mi) south of Prague.", "\"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022\". Czech Statistical Office. 2022-04-29." ]

[ "Zvíkov (České Budějovice District)", "References" ]

[ 5360356, 5360357, 5360358, 5360359 ]

[ 27239834 ]

[ "Aerial view of Zvíkov Castle", "", "Zvíkov gatehouse and tower", "Courtyard of Zvíkov Castle" ]

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[ "Zvíkov (German: Klingenberg), often called \"the king of Czech castles\", is a castle in Zvíkovské Podhradí municipality, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Písek in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It stands on a difficult-to-access and steep promontory above the confluence of the Vltava and Otava rivers. The castle is one of the most important early-Gothic castles in Czech lands.\nThe area was inhabited as early as prehistoric times, when the Celts built a fort here in the 1st century AD. The current castle was built in the first half of the 13th century, most probably on the orders of King Ottokar I, but the exact date is not known. The first written mention of the castle comes from year 1234 and owned by the Kings of Bohemia.", "Originally a small complex, the castle was continuously extended until 1278. After the Přemyslid dynasty died out in 1306, Zvíkov became property of the Rosenberg family. After 1337 the settlement under the castle has been fortified, as a part of thorough repairs. Its fortifications were so strong that even the Hussites, during the Hussite Wars, besieged it for four months in 1429, but found it a tough nut to crack and failed to take it. To protect against heavy artillery its walls were further strengthened.\nAlthough Emperor Charles IV placed it on a list of royal castles not to be pawned, his successors ignored his decree and by 1431 it was in the possession of the Rosenberg family. At the start of Thirty Years' War Zvíkov was owned by a rebellious Protestant nobleman whose garrison of 140 men successfully defended the castle against 4,000 Habsburg troops in 1618. The defendants agreed to capitulate to the Emperor's forces only in October 1622. Subsequently, it was looted and devastated. During the 1640s the Schwambergs modified the palace and extended it in Renaissance style.\nAfter the damaged inflicted by the war, Zvíkov was restored, but its glory was long gone and the castle served only for farming purposes. A fire accelerated the deterioration of its buildings in 1751. Thus a once-important seat of Czech kings it had become an almost ruin by the 1840s, at which time the Schwarzenbergs, owners of the ruin, invested huge sums in a thorough reconstruction, which restored the heart of the castle to its former glory.\nAt the end of 17th century it ceased to have military value and was used as granary. The decline continued and in 1751 fire damaged a large part of the palace. In 1780 the chapel was deconsecrated. The facade of the palace collapsed in 1829 and between 1880 and 1902 the castle was reconstructed, only to be confiscated by the state in 1947.\nThe Orlík Dam, which was built between 1954 and 1962 and named after Orlík Castle, deluged the castle downtown and made Zvíkov easily accessible. Major restorations between 1970 and 1980 concentrated on the palace.", "The oldest part of Zvíkov is a massive prismatic residential tower named Hlízová with palace buildings built on its sides. During the reign of Ottokar II of Bohemia, a palace named Královský (\"King's Own\") was built and this ground plan has been preserved until today. The new palace was built in lavish style and its parts were connected by monumental arcade.\nAfter 1473, Bohuslav of Schwamberg commissioned mural decorations in the Chapel of St. Wenceslaus, which belongs to the masterpieces of early-gothic Czech architecture. The walls display the patron saints of Bohemia, the Virgin Mary the Protector, the Suffering Christ and the Martyrdom of St. Erasmus. The fortification was extended with Hláska, large 32-metre (105 ft) high tower (bergfrit) on the south side. The castle has two gates.\nThe castle has its own ghost, Zvíkov's imp, and had inspired several painters and writers like the theatrical comedy Zvíkovský rarášek by Ladislav Stroupežnický. Today, Zvíkov (opened from Spring to Autumn) is hiking attraction and serves as a place of art exhibitions and stage plays.", "Orlík Castle", "Petr David, Vladimír Soukup, Lubomír Čech, Wonders of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, pg. 138, Euromedia Group (2004), ISBN 978-80-242-2455-8\nNeal Bedford, Jane Rawson, Matt Warren, Czech & Slovak Republics, pg. 238, Lonely Planet Publications 4th ed. (2004), ISBN 1-74104-046-9\nMirka Zemanová, Janáček, pg. 246, Northeastern (2002), ISBN 1-55553-549-6", "Official website\nZvíkovské Podhradí municipal website (in Czech)\nZvíkov on Průvodce website (in Czech)\nZvíkov on Zamky-Hrady (in English)" ]

[ "Zvíkov Castle", "History", "Description", "See also", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360360, 5360361, 5360362, 5360363 ]

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[ "Recreation centre in Zvíkovec", "", "" ]

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[ "Zvíkovec is a market town in Rokycany District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.\nZvíkovec lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of Rokycany, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Plzeň, and 55 km (34 mi) west of Prague.", "\"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022\". Czech Statistical Office. 2022-04-29." ]

[ "Zvíkovec", "References" ]

[ 5360364, 5360365, 5360366 ]

[ 27239844 ]

[ "Main street", "", "", "Zvíkov Castle and the confluence of Vltava and Otava" ]

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[ "Zvíkovské Podhradí is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.", "Zvíkovské Podhradí lies at the confluence of the rivers Vltava and Otava.", "Zvíkovské Podhradí is known for the medieval Zvíkov Castle, which gave it its name (which means \"the area under Zvíkov Castle\").", "\"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022\". Czech Statistical Office. 2022-04-29.", "Official website" ]

[ "Zvíkovské Podhradí", "Geography", "Sights", "References", "External links" ]

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[ 27239845 ]

[ "", "" ]

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[ "Zvārtava Manor (Latvian: Zvārtavas muižas pils; German: Adsel-Schwartzhof) is a manor house in Gaujiena Parish, Smiltene Municipality in the historical region of Vidzeme, northern Latvia. It was built in 1881 in Tudor Neo-Gothic style.", "The estate was first mentioned around 1405 under the name \"Adsel-Schwarzhof\". Until 1781 it was part of Gaujiena Castle estate. The owners of the manor changed several times in the 17th century. In the 18th century the property belonged to von Delvig family. From 1783 to 1825 it was property of the family of Magnus Johann Scotus (ennobled in 1788 in Vienna as Scotus von Scott) and his daughter Johanna (Jeanette). The manor was sold to Dr. Wilhelm Johann Engelbrecht von Zoeckell and later became the property of Luise von Zoeckell and her husband baronet Gottlieb von Fersen. The manor belonged to von Fersen family until World War I.\nIn 1922, the Guard House was established in the manor house. After World War II there was a school (until 1969), the local collective farm used the castle cellars for warehouses. The manor house became the property of the Latvian Artists Union in 1970. It hosts international artists' seminars and exhibitions. A guest house has been set up.\nThe complex has a castle, a gardener's house, a barn, a windmill, stables with artists' workshops, some outbuildings. The manor house was built in 1881 in neo-Gothic style. Boulder wall, two floors, steep gable roof. The text \"Hic habitat Felicitas, nihil mali intret\" is engraved on the stone on the threshold of the castle (from Latin: \"Happiness lives here, nothing bad comes in\").", "List of palaces and manor houses in Latvia", "Zvārtava Manor\nZarāns, Alberts (2006). Latvijas pilis un muižas. Castles and manors of Latvia (in Latvian and English). Riga. ISBN 9984-785-05-X. OCLC 72358861.\nZvārtava Castle\nMaterialien zu einer Geschichte der Landgüter Livlands gesammelt von Heinrich von Hagemeister, Part 1, Riga: Eduard Frantzen’s Buchhandlung, 1836, p. 267-268.\nHistory of the Zvartava Castle and its Owners" ]

[ "Zvārtava Manor", "History", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360371, 5360372 ]

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[ "57°35′24″N 26°13′07″E / 57.5899°N 26.2186°E / 57.5899; 26.2186Coordinates: 57°35′24″N 26°13′07″E / 57.5899°N 26.2186°E / 57.5899; 26.2186 Edit this at Wikidata" ]

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[ "Zvārtava Parish (Latvian: Zvārtavas pagasts) is an administrative territorial entity of Valka Municipality, Latvia.", "https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__ENV__DR__DRT/DRT010/; Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia; retrieved: 26 February 2021.\nhttps://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__POP__IR__IRS/IRD060/; Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia; retrieved: 15 June 2021." ]

[ "Zvārtava Parish", "Towns, villages and settlements of Zvārtava Parish" ]

[ 5360373 ]

[ 27239851 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "Zvěřínek is a village and municipality in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.", "" ]

[ "Zvěřínek", "References" ]

[ 5360374 ]

[]

[ "Municipal office", "" ]

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[ "Zvěrkovice is a village and municipality (obec) in Třebíč District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic.\nThe municipality covers an area of 8.23 square kilometres (3.18 sq mi), and has a population of 213 (as at 2005).\nZvěrkovice lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Třebíč, 46 km (29 mi) south-east of Jihlava, and 158 km (98 mi) south-east of Prague.", "Czech Statistical Office: Municipalities of Třebíč District" ]

[ "Zvěrkovice", "References" ]

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[ 27239852 ]

[ "Pond in the centre of Zvěstov", "" ]

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[ "Zvěstov is a municipality and village in Benešov District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.", "Villages and hamlets of Bořkovice, Hlohov, Laby, Libouň, Ondřejovec, Otradov, Roudný, Šlapánov, Vestec and Vlastišov are administrative parts of Zvěstov.", "\"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022\". Czech Statistical Office. 2022-04-29." ]

[ "Zvěstov", "Administrative parts", "References" ]

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[ 27239853 ]

[ "" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Zvestovice_B._Pamatnik1svValka.jpg" ]

[ "Zvěstovice is a village and municipality (obec) in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic.\nThe municipality covers an area of 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi), and has a population of 63 (as at 3 July 2006).\nZvěstovice lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of Havlíčkův Brod, 51 km (32 mi) north of Jihlava, and 83 km (52 mi) east of Prague.", "Czech Statistical Office: Municipalities of Havlíčkův Brod District" ]

[ "Zvěstovice", "References" ]

[ 5360379 ]

[ 27239854 ]

[ "Common view of the Zvartnots ruins", "Aerial view of the entire complex", "The plan of the cathedral, as drawn by Toros Toramanian.", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ]

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[ "Zvartnots Cathedral (Armenian: Զուարթնոց (classical); Զվարթնոց (reformed), sometimes rendered in scholarly works as Zuart'nots' ; literally 'celestial angels cathedral') is a medieval Armenian cathedral near Vagharshapat (Ejmiatsin), Armenia. Built in the seventh century and now in ruins, the cathedral was designed according to a centrally planned aisled tetraconch layout.", "Zvartnots was built during the first Muslim Arab raids to capture and conquer the territories of Byzantine and Sasanian Armenia. Construction of the cathedral began in 643, under the guidance of Catholicos Nerses III the Builder (Shinogh). Dedicated to St. Gregory, the cathedral was built on a location where a meeting between King Trdat III and Gregory the Illuminator was said to have taken place. According to the medieval Armenian historian Movses Kaghankatvatsi, the cathedral was consecrated in 652. From 653 to 659, Nerses was in Tayk and the construction of the cathedral continued under Anastas Akoratsi. Following the Arab occupation of Dvin and wars of growing intensity between the Byzantine and Arab armies on the former's eastern borders, Nerses transferred the patriarchal palace of the catholicos from Dvin to Zvartnots.\nThe exterior church design, featuring basket capitals with Ionic volute mounts, eagle capitals and vine scroll friezes, reveals the influence of Syrian and northern Mesopotamian architecture.\nZvartnots stood for 320 years before collapsing in the tenth century; by the time the eleventh-century historian [[Stepanos Asoghik|Stepanos Taronetsi] mentioned the church in his Universal History the cathedral was already in ruins. How it collapsed is still debated, though most argue for one of two theories: an earthquake or attacks arising from repeated Arab raids.\nThe most common explanation is the earthquake collapse, though the building was well engineered and designed to last 1,000 years (a projected date for the second coming of Christ). Excavations have uncovered traces of large fires at the site, perhaps of an earlier attempt to destroy the church, though the construction also included firing of obsidian and lime mortar to form the mortar joints (firing it into brick) and an excavation campaign in 1893 used fire and explosives to clear away debris. A close copy of the cathedral was erected at Ani, designed by Trdat the Architect, during the reign of Gagik I Bagratuni in the final decade of the tenth century. Stepanos Taronetsi referred to Zvartnots when describing the church that Gagik I had inaugurated as \"a large structure at Vałaršapat [Vagharshapat], dedicated to the same saint that had fallen into ruins.\"", "The remaining ruins of Zvartnots were uncovered at the beginning of the twentieth century. The site was excavated between 1901 and 1907 under the direction of Khachik vardapet Dadian uncovered the foundations of the cathedral as well as the remains of the catholicosal palace and a winery. The excavations furthermore revealed that Zvartnots stood on the remnants of structures that dated back to the reign of Urartian king Rusa II.", "Many scholars accept the 1905 reconstruction by Toros Toramanian, who worked on the original excavations and proposed that the building had three floors. Others, such as Stepan Mnatsakanian and A. Kuznetsov, have disputed or rejected entirely his rendering. They instead have offered alternative plans. Kuznetsov, for example, contended that Toramanian's plan was \"illogical from a construction perspective\" and insisted that the technical expertise at the time did not correspond to the bold design as conceived by Toramanian.\nThe interior of the mosaic-decorated church was built in the shape of a Greek cross or tetraconch, with an aisle encircling this area, while the exterior was a 32-sided polygon which appeared circular from a distance.\nSome sources claim that the Zvartnots cathedral is depicted upon Mount Ararat in a relief on Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. However, this is not very likely, as the fresco was painted more than 300 years after the destruction of the church.\nZvartnots was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2000 together with churches in Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin).\nA drawing of the cathedral was depicted on the first release of 100 AMD banknotes and its model can be seen in Yerevan History Museum.", "The church of St. Gregory (better known as Gagkashen) in Ani (now in Turkey) was built in 1001–1005 and was intended to be a recreation of Zvartnots.\nThe Holy Trinity Church in the Malatia-Sebastia district of Yerevan is modeled by architect Baghdasar Arzoumanian after Zvartnots and was completed in 2003.", "", "Etchmiadzin Cathedral\nSaint Gayane Church\nSaint Hripsime Church\nShoghakat Church\nBanak Cathedral\nGharghavank", "", "Brady Kiesling, Rediscovering Armenia, p. 34; original archived at Archive.org, and current version online on Armeniapedia.org.\nKiesling, Brady (2005), Rediscovering Armenia: Guide, Yerevan, Armenia: Matit Graphic Design Studio", "(in Armenian) Stepanian, A. and H. Sargsian. s.v. \"Zvart'nots',\" Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 3, pp. 707-710.\nMaranci, Christina. \"Byzantium through Armenian Eyes: Cultural Appropriation and the Church of Zuart'noc'.\" Gesta 40 (2001): p. 109.\nRichard Krautheimer. Early Christian and Byzantine Church Architecture, 4th ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986, pp. 322-23.\nMaranci. \"Byzantium through Armenian Eyes\", p. 118.\n(in Russian) Kuznetsov, A. Tektonika i konstruktsiia tsentricheskii zdanii (Moscow, 1951), pp. 110-114.", "Gombos, Károly (1974). Armenia: Landscape and Architecture. New York: International Publications Service. ISBN 963-13-4605-6.\nMaranci, Christina (2001). Medieval Armenian Architecture: Constructions of Race and Nation. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 90-429-0939-0.\nMaranci, Christina (2015). Vigilant Powers. Three Churches of Early Medieval Armenia. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. ISBN 978 2 503 54900 2.", "Zvartnots Historical-Cultural Museum-Reservation\nZvartnots Cathedral\nCathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture\nArmenian Architecture\nPhotographs of Zvartnots\nUnesco" ]

[ "Zvartnots Cathedral", "History", "Excavations", "Design", "Influence", "Gallery", "See also", "References", "Bibliography", "Notes", "Further reading", "External links" ]

[ 5360380, 5360381, 5360382, 5360383, 5360384, 5360385, 5360386, 5360387, 5360388, 5360389, 5360390, 5360391, 5360392 ]

[ 27239855, 27239856, 27239857, 27239858, 27239859, 27239860, 27239861, 27239862, 27239863, 27239864, 27239865, 27239866, 27239867 ]

[ "", "New terminal building", "Check-in hall", "Departures hall and gates", "" ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 1, 16 ]

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[ "Zvartnots International Airport (Armenian: Զվարթնոց միջազգային օդանավակայան, romanized: Zvart'nots' mijazgayin ōdanavakayan) (IATA: EVN, ICAO: UDYZ) is located near Zvartnots, 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country.", "The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within the Soviet Union.\nWhen Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the growth of cargo shipments resulted in the construction of a new cargo terminal in 1998 that can handle about 100,000 tonnes of cargo annually. In 2001, a 30-year concession agreement for the management of operations at the airport was signed with Armenia International Airports CJSC, owned by Argentine company Corporación America, which is in turn owned by Armenian Argentine businessman Eduardo Eurnekian. As part of that agreement, Armenia International Airports CJSC renovated the runway, main taxiways and ramp. In 2006, a new gate area and arrivals hall opened, followed by an overall improvement of the airport's fire services, including replacing the entire fire-fighting fleet with new vehicles. A new departures and arrivals terminal, car-parking facility with a capacity of 600 vehicles and a government delegation terminal all opened in 2011. On 30 January 2013, Zvartnots airport was named \"Best Airport In the CIS\" during the Emerging Markets Airports Award (EMAA) ceremonies held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.", "The airport is able to accept aircraft up to and including the Antonov An-225, Boeing 747-400 and Airbus A380. Runway 09 is equipped with an ILS CAT II, which enables aircraft operations in low ceiling (30 meters) and visibility (350 metres).\nZvartnots International Airport recently implemented a new flight information display system (FIDS), a new automated and biometric-identification system for baggage check-in and passenger control, as well as the installation of 150 surveillance cameras across airport premises.\nThe access to the boarding area is highly secured with three steps, a pre-control, a passport control, and X-ray control. The airport features a Dufry duty-free shop after security, as well as the Converse Bank business class lounge, with a view overlooking the gate area and apron. In addition, the airport features a HayPost office, a pharmacy, several dining options and cafes, a Europcar, Beeline, VivaCell MTS, Ardshinbank, as well as, HSBC, VTB Bank and Ameriabank ATMs.\nIn December 2019, yearly passenger flow at Zvartnots International Airport exceeded 3 million passengers for the first time in Armenia's history.", "", "The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter services to and from Zvartnots as of 29 July 2022:", "", "", "", "", "", "In 2017, a new express bus service began operation, with regular round-trips between Zvartnots Airport and downtown Yerevan. The number 201 bus leaves the airport every half hour between 7 AM and 11 PM, and every hour between 12 AM and 6 AM. The travel time is approximately 30 minutes, depending on traffic. Operated by Elitebus, a one-way fare costs 300 AMD. The bus terminus is on Amiryan Street, but the bus also makes stops along Mashtots Avenue, at the Yeritasardakan station (where passengers can connect to the Yerevan Metro system), and at the Republic Square.", "The airport is accessed from the M5 highway, which connects Yerevan with the west of the country and other major highways. By car, the distance from Zvartnots Airport to the centre of Yerevan is 12 kilometers, taking approximately 20 minutes to get to.\nAt Zvartnots Airport, cars from car rental companies are available. The airport offers various official parking options, from premium to low cost. In addition, alternative parking options are within the reach of the airport.", "In 2019, Zvartnots Airport partnered with Yandex.Taxi to provide passengers with taxi services from the airport.", "Transport in Armenia\nList of the busiest airports in Armenia\nList of the busiest airports in the former USSR\nUp-to-date route map of Zvartnots Airport", "Including postal items", "\"EAD Basic - Error Page\". Retrieved 7 June 2015.\n\"Statistics\". Civil Aviation Committee of Armenia. Retrieved 19 January 2021.\n\"About us - Zvartnots\". Retrieved 25 February 2017.\nadministrator. \"Airports\". Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.\n\"Armenia's Zvartnots named best airport in CIS\". PanARMENIAN.Net. Retrieved 7 June 2015.\n\"Armats.am – Aerodrome ground Movement and Aircraft Parking Chart\" (PDF). Armats.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2018.\nAirport website – Handles any type of modern commercial aircraft Archived 10 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine\n\"armats\". Retrieved 7 June 2015.\n\"Yerevan airport records 3,000,000 yearly passenger flow first time ever\". Armenpress. Retrieved 30 December 2019.\n\"Air Montenegro to run regular Armenia charters\". exyuaviation.com.\n\"Condor Flies to Yerevan in Armenia\". Condor (in German). 18 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.\n\"Eurowings to offer flights between Yerevan and Cologne\". armradio.am. 6 July 2021.\n\"Մեր հանձնառությունն է եղել, որ ավելի ու ավելի շատ օդանավերի վրա հայտնվեն մեր պետական դրոշի երանգները. վարչապետը ներկա է գտնվել Fly Arna-ի գործունեության մեկնարկին նվիրված միջոցառմանը\". primeminister.am. 10 June 2022.\n\"Ամռանն ընդառաջ մի շարք ուղղություններով ոչ կանոնավոր չվերթներ կիրականացվեն\".\nhttps://www.facebook.com/FLYONEARMENIA/\n\"Lufthansa enters Armenian market\". armradio.am. 15 July 2021.\n\"50 New Routes Starting In November 2021 | Routes\". Archived from the original on 2 November 2021.\n\"Ростов-на-Дону и Ереван может связать новый авиарейс\". rostov.aif.ru. «Аргументы и Факты». 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.\n\"Aeroflot launches international network from Sochi, Russia\". 26 March 2022.\n\"Aeroflot adds Volgograd - Yerevan service from late-July 2022\". AeroRoutes. 14 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.\n\"\"SCAT\" air company will start operating flights Aktau-Yerevan - Aktau - Zvartnots\".\nhttp://aviation.am/storage/files/editor/S22%2001-%2031%20JUL%202022.pdf\n\"The sea that unites us: SkyUp to launch domestic and international flights from Odesa\". skyup.aero. 25 February 2021.\n\"Transavia Launches Paris-Yerevan Roundtrip Flights\".\n\"\"Уральские авиалинии\" увеличивают количество рейсов из Жуковского в Ереван\".\n\"Direct flights between Yerevan and Siberian Tyumen to start November 20\". Archived from the original on 5 November 2021.\nLiu, Jim (12 July 2020). \"Wizz Air Abu Dhabi schedules October 2020 launch\". Routesonline.\nLiu, Jim. \"Wizz Air Abu Dhabi moves service launch to mid-Nov 2020\". Routesonline. Retrieved 26 September 2020.\n\"Wizz Air to start operating flights on Yerevan- Larnaca -Yerevan route\".\n\"Stamattina conferenza-stampa Wizz Air a Roma\". 17 November 2021.\n\"Wizz Air expands into Armenia with two new routes\". reuters.com. 16 December 2019.\n\"WIZZ – Dream more. Live more. Be more\".\nhttps://www.facebook.com/zvartnots.official/posts/2690406004399409\nGeneral Department of Civil Aviation of Armenia – 2005–2006 Statistics Archived 31 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine\nGeneral Department of Civil Aviation of Armenia – 2006–2007 Statistics Archived 31 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine\n2008 Statistics for Zvartnots airport Dead link\n\"Overall passenger transportation via Zvartnots airport reached 1.6mln in 2010\". PanARMENIAN.Net. Retrieved 7 June 2015.\n\"Zvartnots Airport serviced over 1,6 million passengers in 2011\". PanARMENIAN.Net. Retrieved 7 June 2015.\n\"Zvartnots Airport posts passenger traffic of 1,7 mln in 2012\". PanARMENIAN.Net. Retrieved 7 June 2015.\n\"Statistics 2013-2014\". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.\nGeneral Department of Civil Aviation of Armenia – 2014–2015 Statistics Archived 26 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine\n\"Վիճակագրություն\". Aviation.am. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2017.\n\"Armenian airports see 20.6% growth in passenger traffic in 2017\". panorama.am. Retrieved 10 November 2018.\n\"11.9% growth in passenger traffic recorded in Armenia in 2018\". finport.am. Retrieved 11 March 2020.\n\"Reference on the main productive indicators of \"Zvartnots\" Airport January-December 2018-2019\" (PDF). aviation.am. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.\n\"\"Զվարթնոցի\" ցուցանիշները \"վերակենդանացում\" են հուշում, բայց մտահոգիչը մեկնածների զգալի մեծ թիվն է\".\n\"Yerevan: New Schedule for Zvartnots Airport Express Bus - Hetq - News, Articles, Investigations\". Retrieved 13 January 2018.\n\"Yerevan Zvartnots Airport\".", "Media related to Zvartnots International Airport at Wikimedia Commons\nOfficial website" ]

[ "Zvartnots International Airport", "History", "Overview", "Airlines and destinations", "Passenger", "Cargo", "Traffic and statistics", "Annual statistics", "Annual passenger numbers", "Ground transportation", "Bus routes and subway service", "Automobile", "Taxi service", "See also", "Notes", "References", "External links" ]

[ 5360393, 5360394, 5360395, 5360396, 5360397 ]

[ 27239868, 27239869, 27239870, 27239871, 27239872, 27239873, 27239874, 27239875, 27239876, 27239877, 27239878, 27239879, 27239880, 27239881, 27239882, 27239883, 27239884, 27239885, 27239886, 27239887 ]

[ "Zvečaj castle in the late 19th century", "A 1639 military sketch of the castle." ]

[ 0, 2 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Zve%C4%8Daj_1893.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Zve%C4%8Daj_1639.png" ]

[ "Zvečaj ([zʋeːt͡ʃaj]) is a medieval ruined castle located on the left bank of the Mrežnica river in modern Karlovac county, Croatia. Around it formed an eponymous village, today separated into upper and lower. It has a rectangular floorplan, with a central tower. It survived in good condition much longer than most castles in the region.", "The castle is located about 6 km down the old road from Duga Resa. It is near a rock quarry. The parish church in the 1334 ecclesiastical census was Sv. Juraj in Grabrje across the river from the castle, but that parish vanished, and in the 15th century, the parish church of Sv. Ivan, which still exists, and includes inscriptions from the years 1526, 1587, and 1687, was founded. Radoslav Lopašić infers from the inscriptions and the fact that the Church had been abandoned for 30 years in a 1558 document, that the year inscriptions are years of rebuilding.", "Zvečaj in its early days had its own nobility, originally using the name \"od Grabrja\" (1334), but later changing it to \"od Zvečaja\" (1414, 1441) or Zvečaji. Around Zvečaj there lived a number of other low noble families: Tolići, Babinogorci, and Zubci. The last Zvečaj to be lord of the castle was Ivan, who married Katica, the daughter of Nikola Benvenjuda, lord of Skrad, who is mentioned as a widow in 1481. Upon the death of Ivan Zvečaj, the castle and surrounding lands were given to Nikola Frankopan Ozaljski by king Matthias Corvinus.\nIn 1474, upon the death of Nikola Frankopan's son Bartol, that branch left their heritage to Stjepan Frankopan Modruški, his son Bernardin Frankopan, and his grandson Stjepan Frankopan Ozaljski. In 1558, the castle was pillaged together with the rest of the possessions of Stjepan Ozaljski, yet it had already been abandoned as a result of the Ottoman wars. There were only 38 \"sela\" (which in medieval times meant a house and its dependencies) in the domain of Zvečaj left. The region btwn the Mrežnica and the Korana was found to be completely abandoned. In 1580, after a legal feud following the death of Stjepan Ozaljski regarding his controversial will, which left his property to the Zrinski family while there was still a branch of the House of Frankopan left, the castle of Zvečaj, together with Novi Vinodolski and Severin, fell to the brothers Frankopan Tržački. In December 1598, a Turkish army 5000 strong hid in ambush near Zvečaj, Juraj Lenković heard about the force, but underestimated its size. He took a smaller army, and when they met, the Turkish army pushed Lenković's back, and many drowned in the Mrežnica, and Stjepan Blagaj was beheaded, ending his family's male line, though Lenković and his men managed to escape, having been in the rear. In 1608, when the brothers divided their property, Zvečaj and Novi went to Vuk. In 1670, after Fran Krsto Frankopan was imprisoned as a result of the Magnate conspiracy, the castle was looted by the army of Karlovac. The Frankopan line died out with the death of Fran Krsto in 1671.\nThe castle was destroyed in 1777 for the construction of the Josephina. Upon the ruins of the castle walls now sits a private house, built from its stones. All that remains are the walls themselves and parts of the tower. In 2001, the surrounding village had 226 inhabitants, in 74 families.", "List of castles in Croatia\nMilitary history of Croatia", "Lako, Udruga (4 May 2017). \"Zvečaj\". lako.com.hr. Retrieved 2 October 2017.\nLopašić, Radoslav (1895). Oko Kupe i Korane [Around the Kupa and the Korana] (in Croatian). Zagreb: Matica Hrvatska. pp. 318–324.\n\"SAS Output\".\n\"SAS Output\"." ]

[ "Zvečaj Castle", "Geography", "History", "See also", "References" ]

[ 5360398, 5360399 ]

[ 27239888, 27239889, 27239890, 27239891, 27239892, 27239893, 27239894, 27239895 ]

[ "Panorama of Zvečan", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 9 ]

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[ "Zvečan (Serbian Cyrillic: Звечан) or Zveçan (definite Albanian form: Zveçani) is a town and municipality located in the Mitrovica District in Kosovo. As of 2015, it has a population of 16,650 inhabitants. It covers an area of 122 km² (47 sq mi), and consists of a town and 35 villages.\nZvečan is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority that functions largely autonomously from the remainder of ethnic Albanian-majority Kosovo. According to the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality should become a part of the Community of Serb Municipalities once they are established.", "The town of Zvečan is located near Mitrovica. It was mentioned for the first time in connection with the border clashes between the Serbs and Byzantines between 1091 and 1094. There is also an inscription that Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja, after the victory over the Byzantines in 1170, ordered that a prayer for the successful outcome of the battle be held in the church of St George at Zvečan.\nIn the 13th and 14th centuries Zvečan was one of the royal residences of the Serbian court. Queen Theodora died there in December 1322, and nine years later her husband, Stefan Uroš III was imprisoned and strangled there.\nFirst, the Musić, then the Vojinović noble family, held the fortified city and region during the Serbian Empire of Uroš V (r. 1355–1371). As imperial power collapsed Zvečan was in a disputed zone being held by nobleman Miloš Pović in 1370 but claimed by Nikola Altomanović.\nIn 1389, after the Battle of Kosovo, it was integrated into the Ottoman Empire and later became part of the Sanjak of Novi Pazar.\nFrom 1878 to 1908 it, along with the rest of the Sanjak, was administered by the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a result of the Congress of Berlin. But in 1908 it was returned to Turkey.\nOn the highest spot, i.e., the Upper Town, there are remains of St George's church, cistern and the main octagonal tower. The ramparts of this part of the fort are reinforced by massive towers. The main entrance to the town was on the western side.", "According to the 2011 estimations by the Government of Kosovo, Zvečan has 1,838 households and 7,481 inhabitants. In 2015 report by OSCE, the population of Zvečan municipality stands at 16,650 inhabitants.", "The majority of Zvečan municipality is composed of Kosovo Serbs with around 16,000 inhabitants (95.1%). Also, there are 500 Kosovo Albanians and 300 inhabitants of other ethnicity. About 3,750 Kosovo Serbs are located in the municipality as Internally displaced persons (IDPs) as well as 250 refugees from Croatia. Most of Kosovo Albanians live in the villages of Boletin (Boljetin), Lipë (Lipa) and Zhazhë (Žaža).\nThe ethnic composition of the municipality of Zvečan, including IDPs:", "The largest employer in Zvečan is the lead and zinc melting factory “Trepča”. Its large smokestack is with 306 meters the tallest structure in Kosovo. Due to the serious environmental pollution from the factory, however, UN and KFOR shut it down and the only ongoing operation is alloy production for batteries and battery recycling. Once employing up to 4,000, the very low operations of \"Trepča\" has had a devastating effect on the local economy. Today, in the municipality only about 500 people are working at 60 small private companies and 150 shops.", "The Faculty of Arts, part of the University of Priština at Mitrovica, is situated at Zvečan.\nZvečan has hosted annually two international music festivals: The North City, Jazz & Blues Festival, and international rock festival Overdrive, as well as international art colony Sokolica and children song festival Cvrkuti sa Ibra (Chirrups from the Ibar River).\nThe Zvečan Fortress and Sokolica Monastery, both from the Middle Ages, have been located in the Zvečan area.", "", "North Kosovo\nCommunity of Serb Municipalities\nDistrict of Mitrovica", "Notes\n The political status of Kosovo is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, it is formally recognised as an independent state by 97 UN member states (with another 15 recognising it at some point but then withdrawing recognition), while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory.\nReferences\nNote: Milović is recognized as mayor of Zvečan according to elections overseen by the Republic of Kosovo. The Serbian government recognizes Ivan Todosijević as the leader of a provisional authority in the municipality.\n\"Zvečan\". osce.org. OSCE. Retrieved 19 August 2017.\nBury, John Bagnell et al. (eds.) (1923) The Cambridge Medieval History Macmillan, New York, p. 539; OCLC 271025434\nKosovo – Past and Present. Review of International Affairs. Retrieved 6 September 2020.\nRade Mihaljčić, Kraj srpskog carstva, pp. 121–22\nMap of Turkey and Greece 1847, from Sharpe's Corresponding Maps Chapman and Hall, London.\n\"ESTIMATION of Kosovo population 2011\" (PDF). ask.rks-gov.net. Government of Kosovo. Retrieved 19 August 2017.\n''Vreme'' No. 853. Vreme.com. Retrieved on 29 November 2011.\n''Kosovska Mitrovica Live'' Archived 13 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Kosmitrovica.blog.rs. Retrieved on 29 November 2011.\n''Glas javnosti'', June13, 2005. Arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs. Retrieved on 29 November 2011.\nAsocijacija medija , May 2007 Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine\nTelekom, 16 May 2007\nTrident Archived 14 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine\n''Glas javnosti'', 5 June 2003. Arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs. Retrieved on 29 November 2011.\nBlic, 9 October 2006\nKrstarica, 22 August 2007", "Official website\nThe Faculty of Arts Zvečan" ]

[ "Zvečan", "History", "Demographics", "Ethnic groups", "Economy", "Culture and education", "Gallery", "See also", "Notes and references", "External links" ]

[ 5360400, 5360401, 5360402, 5360403, 5360404, 5360405, 5360406, 5360407 ]

[ 27239896, 27239897, 27239898, 27239899, 27239900, 27239901, 27239902, 27239903, 27239904, 27239905, 27239906 ]

[ "Overview of the Zvečan fortress", "", "", "View of the Zvečan Fortress", "" ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 1, 5 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Tvrdjava_zvecan.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Vukan%2C_Grand_Prince_of_Serbia.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Stefan_Decanski_ktitor.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Zve%C4%8Dan_Fortress_overview.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Dvorac_Fantast_12.jpg" ]

[ "The Fortress of Zvečan (Serbian: Тврђава Звечан / Tvrđava Zvečan, Звечански град / Zvešanski grad; Albanian: Kalaja e Zveçanit), also known as Zvečan/Zveçan medieval fortress and Fortress of Mitrovica (Albanian: Kalaja e Mitrovicës), located in the north-west of the city of North Mitrovica, in Kosovo, is an enormous castle and one of the oldest fortresses in South Eastern Europe. It was built on the top of the extinct volcano vent, overlooking the Ibar river.\nZvečan Fortress was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia, although lying within Kosovo.", "It represents one of the oldest Balkan medieval fortresses, although its exact date of construction is unknown. The underlying construction dates from the period of classical antiquity, and it is not unlikely that the location was fortified in prehistoric times. The fortress was alluded to for the first time in 1091 during border battles between Serbs and Byzantines. As a border fort of Grand Principality of Serbia, the fortress gained importance in 1093, when the Serbian ruler Vukan, launched his conquest of the Kosovo region (then part of the Byzantine Empire) from there. Part of the fortress was designated as one of the courts of the Serbian House of Nemanjić.\nIn the 12th century, the fort would play a pivotal role in the struggle of expanding the Serbian state under the Nemanjić dynasty.\nThick and high walls of Zvečan fortress at the House of Nemanjić’s time, served not only for protection against the enemy’s assaults but also as a shelter for the merchants from Dubrovnik as well as a dungeon for the overthrown rulers of the Nemanjić’s lineage. Thus Konstantin Nemanić, Stefan Dečanski’s stepbrother, was buried here in 1322. \nIt was the place where Stefan Uroš III was imprisoned and died in 1331. For some time, the ruler of Zvečan was Grand Prince Lazar’s son-in-law, the chieftain Musa, at the time of Czar Uroš. By the end of 14th century Zvečan was under the rule of Vuk Branković. In 1389, it was captured by the Ottoman Turks after the Battle of Kosovo, and it remained an active military site well into the 18th century, after which it was abandoned.\nZvečan finally fell into Turkish power in 1455, when the Turkish population colonized these areas. Among whom Feriz Ćefalija was mentioned to have an authorization from the Sultan and Pasha from Skopje to make trading connections with Dubrovnik. By its subjection to Turkish rule, Zvečan lost its importance as a military fort and the authors of the travel books from the 16th century, Benedicte Kuripešić and Evlija Čelebija referred to its as a deserted town on the hill to the north of Kosovska Mitrovica. In 1660, Čelebija describes it as \"consisting of 300 houses with tiled roofs, a congregational mosque, a khan, a bathhouse and several fine shops\".\nUnder Turkish-Ottoman rule, Zvečan was neglected and was in the possession of the Bosnian Vilayet. Eventually, Mitrovica became a kadiluk (district) of the Bosnian vilayet and Zvečan, along with Kosovska Mitrovica, remained in that administrative until 1877, and it, as it too was a part of Mitrovica, belonged to the Priština region (Sandžak) until the region's annexation by the Kingdom of Serbia in the First Balkan War, in 1912.\nFrom 1912-45, little was done on the research and restoration of Zvečan; it was only after 1945 when many archeological excavations were carried out in the town which was put under the protection of the state. There is a need for complete reconstruction of the fortress in order to prevent it from further ruining.", "Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance\nList of castles in Kosovo\nList of fortifications in Serbia", "", "\"Municipal Profile 2018 Mitrovicë/Mitrovica Region: Zvečan/Zveçan\" (PDF). Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. p. 4.\nBožović 2015, p. 141.\nBožović 2015, p. 139.\nElsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Kosovo. Scarecrow Press. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-8108-7483-1.\nOtte, T.G. (2016). An Historian in Peace and War: The Diaries of Harold Temperley. Routledge. p. 489. ISBN 978-1-3171-8192-7.\nBožović 2015, p. 140.\nUrošević, Atanasije (20 April 1957). Bulletin de l'Academie Serbe des Sciences. Section des Sciences Sociales. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. p. 34.", "Božović, Ružica (2015). \"Medieval Town-Fortress of Zvecan\" (PDF). Facta Universitatis: Architecture and Civil Engineering. 13 (2): 137–153. doi:10.2298/FUACE15020137B." ]

[ "Zvečan Fortress", "History", "See also", "Notes", "References", "Sources" ]

[ 5360408, 5360409, 5360410, 5360411, 5360412 ]

[ 27239907, 27239908, 27239909, 27239910, 27239911, 27239912, 27239913, 27239914, 27239915, 27239916 ]

[ "", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Trip_to_Croatia-Day_5-Zadar-Chocolat_Croate_Zvecevo_%282240455051%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Mond_kokos_%288553107629%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Mond_kokos_split_%288553107609%29_%282%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Super_Sandwich_split_%288265459999%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Super_Sandwich_%288266528360%29.jpg" ]

[ "Zvečevo is a Croatian food company, specializing in confectionery products and spirits. The company was founded as Stock Cognac Medicinal in 1921 in Požega and produced strong alcoholic drinks. The company was rented to Nestlé from 1936 until 1946, when it also started producing chocolate and candy products. The company changed its name to Zvečevo d.d. Požega in 1951. In the 1960s, all efforts were aimed towards production of cocoa products, strong alcoholic drinks and milk powder, as the unprofitable and outdated production of fruit juices and flour was abandoned. A cooperation with Nestlé was established again in 1970 that lasted until 1995, when it became a joint-stock company. Zvečevo has designed the first rice chocolate in the world in 1964 and named it Mikado.", "", "Zvečevo official website\nChocolate wrappers from 1980's", "\"Croatia Home to the World's First Chocolate with Rice\". Croatia Week. 13 February 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2021." ]

[ "Zvečevo", "Gallery", "External links", "References" ]

[ 5360413, 5360414, 5360415, 5360416, 5360417 ]

[ 27239917 ]

[ "" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/%D0%9E.%D0%BF._%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81_%282%29_-_panoramio.jpg" ]

[ "Zvejniekciems Station is a railway station on the Zemitāni–Skulte Railway. The station opened in 1934 to serve the village of Zvejniekciems. It began serving electrified trains as a terminus in 1971. In 1991, with the extension of electrification to Skulte, the terminus station was transformed into a waypoint.", "\"Publiskās lietošanas dzelzceļa infrastruktūras pārskats 2011\" [2011 Public Railway Infrastructure Overview] (PDF) (in Latvian). Latvian Railways. 2010-06-05. p. 39. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2011. Retrieved 2010-10-17.\nZvejniekciema pietura ar strupceļu PSRS Ģenerālštāba kartē" ]

[ "Zvejniekciems Station", "References" ]

[ 5360418 ]

[ 27239918 ]

[ "", "", "", "The Dormition Cathedral in the Kremlin was consecrated in 1399.", "Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 10 ]

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[ "Zvenigorod (Russian: Звени́город) is an old town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: 16,395 (2010 Census); 12,155 (2002 Census); 15,805 (1989 Census).", "The town's name is based either on a personal name (cf. Zvenislav, Zvenimir) or on a hydronym (cf. the Zvinech, Zvinyaka, Zveniga Rivers); the derivation from \"town of ringing (bells)\" is a folk etymology.\nThe community has existed since the 12th century, although its first written mention is dated around 1339, in the last will of Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan I Daniilovich Kalita, in which he says: \"Thus, I pass on to my son Ivan: Zvenigorod, Kremchina, Ruza...\" In the historical records, or annals (лéтопись [letopis'] in Russian), Zvenigorod is first mentioned around 1382, soon after khan Tokhtamysh burnt down Moscow, and destroyed a number of towns on the way, including Zvenigorod.\nZvenigorod rose to prominence in the late 14th century after it was bequeathed by Dmitry Donskoy to his second son Yuri, who founded his residence on the steep bank of the Moskva River. The local kremlin, called Gorodok, contains the only fully preserved example of 14th-century Muscovite architecture, the Dormition Cathedral (1399). The cathedral's interior features frescoes attributed to Andrei Rublev.\nZvenigorod is primarily remembered for internecine wars waged by Yuri's sons for control of Moscow during the reign of their cousin Vasily II (1425–1462). After their party was defeated, the town was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow.\nZvenigorod was granted town rights in 1784. By the late 19th century, the town gained popularity among the intelligentsia as a fashionable banlieue of Moscow. Many extravagant dachas were built in the neighbourhood. Some of these house museums of Sergey Taneyev, Anton Chekhov, and Isaac Levitan.\nDuring World War II Zvenigorod was near, or on the frontline in the 1941-2 Battle of Moscow.", "The Storozhi Monastery near Zvenigorod was established in 1398 by St. Savva, one of the first disciples of Sergius of Radonezh. The oldest church is the katholikon completed in 1405 and dedicated to the feast of the Nativity of the Theotokos. In 1650, the monastery was chosen by Tsar Alexis as his suburban residence. In five years, they constructed a white-stone royal palace and a festive chamber for tsaritsa. The compound was encircled with stone walls and towers, patterned after those of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. Particularly noteworthy is a large belfry, erected in four bays in 1650 and crowned with three tents and a clocktower. A church over the holy gates was consecrated to the Holy Trinity in 1652.\nAfter the death of Feodor III, who spent most of his time there, the monastery declined. In May 1918, when the Bolsheviks tried to seize the relics of St. Savva, several persons were shot dead. In 1985, the cloister was assigned to the Danilov Monastery in Moscow. St. Savva's relics were returned to the monastery in 1998.", "Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Zvenigorod Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Zvenigorod Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Zvenigorod Urban Okrug.", "The city has a woman's handball team Zvezda Zvenigorod, which won the Women's EHF Champions League in the 2007–08 season.", "", "Zvenigorod is twinned with:\n Mogilev, Belarus (2006)\n Tropea, Italy (2013)\n Bijie, China (2016)", "", "Law #11/2013-OZ\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.\nhttp://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar; archive date: 26 July 2018; retrieved: 25 July 2018; archive URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20180726010024/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar.\nLaw #36/2005-OZ\n\"Об исчислении времени\". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.\nПочта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).\nВсесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.\nЕ. М. Поспелов. Географические названия мира (Москва: Русские словари, 1998), p. 160.\n\"Великое княжество Московское и княжества северо-восточной Руси | Виртуальная выставка к 1150-летию зарождения российской государственности\". rusarchives.ru. Retrieved July 17, 2018.\n\"Иван Калита\". www.hrono.info. Retrieved July 17, 2018.\nИсторическая справка - Городской округ Звенигород. www.zvenigorod.ru (in Russian). Retrieved July 17, 2018.\nKorolev, N. (May 29, 2014). \"A day trip to Zvenigorod\". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Retrieved January 29, 2020.\nKamalakaran, A. (July 29, 2016). \"4 Orthodox monasteries to visit near Moscow\". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Retrieved January 29, 2020.\n\"Bijie and Zvenigorod are sister cities!\". Териториальное управление Звенигород (in Russian). August 16, 2016.", "Московская областная Дума. Закон №11/2013-ОЗ от 31 января 2013 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области», в ред. Закона №249/2019-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2019 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области \"Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области\"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования (13 января 2013 г.). Опубликован: \"Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье\", №24, 12 февраля 2013 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #11/2013-OZ of January 31, 2013 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Law #249/2019-OZ of November 29, 2019 On amending the Law of Moscow Oblast \"On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast\". Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication (January 13, 2013).).\nМосковская областная Дума. Закон №36/2005-ОЗ от 3 февраля 2005 г. «О статусе и границе городского округа Звенигорд», в ред. Закона №12/2010-ОЗ от 26 февраля 2010 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области \"О статусе и границе городского округа Звенигород\" и Закон Московской области \"О статусе и границах Одинцовского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований\"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье\", №26, 12 февраля 2005 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #36/2005-OZ of February 3, 2005 On the Status and the Border of Zvenigorod Urban Okrug, as amended by the Law #12/2010-OZ of February 26, 2010 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast \"On the Status and the Border of Zvenigorod Urban Okrug\" and the Law of Moscow Oblast \"On the Status and the Borders of Odintsovsky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations It Comprises\". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).", "Media related to Zvenigorod at Wikimedia Commons\nOfficial website of Zvenigorod (in Russian)\nZvenigorod Business Directory (in Russian)\nAbout St. Savva Storozevsky and Zvenigorod in the book in a series \"Life of outstanding people\" by K. Kovalev" ]

[ "Zvenigorod", "History", "Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery", "Administrative and municipal status", "Sport", "International relations", "Twin towns — Sister cities", "References", "Notes", "Sources", "External links" ]

[ 5360419, 5360420, 5360421, 5360422, 5360423, 5360424 ]

[ 27239919, 27239920, 27239921, 27239922, 27239923, 27239924, 27239925, 27239926, 27239927, 27239928, 27239929, 27239930, 27239931, 27239932, 27239933, 27239934, 27239935, 27239936, 27239937, 27239938 ]

[ "Station Hall", "Photo wallpaper with a townscape", "Underground hall", "Columns in underground hall", "Eminence in the centre of station", "Three corridors to station", "The chandelier in new place", "The disassembled ceiling over a platform of Pushkinskaya", "To Volkovskaya", "Mosaic in underground hall", "This train moves against the future correct direction of movement", "Building site in 2007" ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6, 7 ]

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[ "Zvenigorodskaya is a station of Saint Petersburg Metro, on Frunzensko–Primorskaya Line, between stations Sadovaya and Obvodny Kanal.\nIt was opened on December 20, 2008, as one of the first stations on the new Frunzensko–Primorskaya Line. It is connected with foot passages to the Pushkinskaya station, serving the Kirovsko–Vyborgskaya Line. Upon the opening it was without an independent surface exit; all traffic had to go through Pushkinskaya. Escalators and a surface lobby were added later.", "Under the initial data from press-service of Saint Petersburg Metro, a concourse building should construct under the project of the architect Alexander Konstantinov. \nThis project was described as a two-storeyed building with a portico harmoniously entered in an architectural ensemble of the former barracks of Semyonovsky regiment.\nConcourse will be land, it will be located on the ground floor of specially constructed building, it will take places between houses No. 1 and No. 3 on Zvenigorodskaya street. \nIt was originally planned to build a two-storeyed building which should remind appearance a building of barracks of Semyonovsky regiment. \nOn the ground floor it was planned to place a concourse, and on the second - services of Saint Petersburg Metro. \nNow is under construction five-floor shopping mall under the project of \"Adamant\" company.\nThe place of the future pass to down escalator hall is now draped by photo wallpaper with a townscape.", "Zvenigorodskaya was designed as a deep column station, but due to a long construction break it was decided to replace a part of a complex of columns with a wall. \nThis decision has allowed to prevent displacement of already established columns. \nLateral tunnels of station have increased, in comparison with typical columned station in Russia, diameter: 9.8 metres (32 ft); an average hall - typical with distance between axes of columns of 3.8 metres (12 ft) in a longitudinal direction and 8 metres (26 ft) in cross-section.\nThe station original project was executed by Russian architect Alexander Konstantinov, but after opening it has been declared that authors of the project is the group of architects of Open Society \"Lenmetrogiprotrans\" led by N. V. Romashkin-Timanov: Н. V. Romashkin-Timanov, Ю. V. Eechko, D. A. Bojtsov, N. A. Vinogradova.\nThe subjects of decorating of underground part of station also are devoted the Semyonovsky regiment (which its barracks settled down around a station exit on a surface). The floor is built from green granite Rakhi Green (India) with colour inserts and a fringing from red granite Imperial Red (India). Walls are revetted by marble of Koelga, Kashin's granite mountain and dark green marble Indiana Green (India). The choice of the supplier and stone from India was made by the best expert in a natural stone Vladimir Shestakov.\nAt station mosaic panels from smalt with the image of the very first soldiers of Semyonovsky regiment serving at the time of reign of Peter the Great are established. They are executed in masterful Russian Academy of Arts, the author is artist Alexander Bystrov.\nStation illumination is realised by fixtures at top of columns.", "Stations Zvenigorodskaya of Frunzensko-Primorskaya Line and Pushkinskaya of Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya Line are connected by a foot tunnel. \nIt is the first switch foot tunnel in Saint Petersburg Metro, constructed after a long break. \nPrevious switch was constructed 18 years before at metro station Sadovaya and opened in December 1991. \nAt transition designing workings out new to this underground railway system have been used.\nAt station Zvenigorodskaya the central part of an average hall is separated from platforms by walls. \nSuch design has allowed to raise it over level of a floor of station - on it two longitudinal ladders conduct. \nUpward, in transition conduct ladders which pass in three corridors, leaders in a small hall.\nTunneling it was spent simultaneously from this hall to both stations.\nFrom a hall in I will shift Pushkinskaya there are two corridors which come to an end with ladders, its have replaced pylon and two passes near to it.\nAt building of transition two chandeliers shining from platform station Pushkinskaya ceiling has been removed. \nThey are established in that hall in which conduct corridors of transitions.", "At station Zvenigorodskaya worked some the building organisations:\nTunnel group number 3. The chief engineer is Victor Tishkin (general construction);\nConstruction management-19 (finishing work);\n\"Adamant\" company (concourse building).\nStation building passed in three stages:", "In 1990 projects of stations (including Zvenigorodskaya) have been developed. There have been in rough passed tunnels for movement of trains. After that works have been curtailed, building has been preserved.", "Station and underground switch was built in 2007–08. \nIn July 2007 at station the arches and walls separating the central hall from platforms were built.\nIn January 2008 the considerable quantity of problems has been solved:\nThe continuous-columned complex is completely built.\nDismantle time wagonhead vaults is almost finished.\nThere is passed tunnel to station Pushkinkaya.\nAt station Pushkinskaya the territory under ladder building is fenced off. Dismantle of umbrellas over the left station tunnel has been made.\nOn November 27, 2008, the mosaic panel was completely ready.\nDates of opening of station underground hall\nOriginally planned in June 2007 date of opening of station is December, 1st 2008. In July opening date has been appointed to December 18. In November 2008 management of Saint Petersburg Metro had been named new date of opening is on December, 24th 2008. As a result, on December 20, 2008 the station has been solemnly opened and its operation has begun.\nFrom December 20 till March 7, 2009 movement of trains from station was carried out in a shuttle mode, before opening station Spasskaya and divisions of the Pravoberejnaya line.", "Direct exit on a surface was built from 2007. \nIn July 2007 works on a construction of a lobby and an inclined course were begun:\nWe prepare a ground for passage, it is always heavy to pass the first 50 metres in Saint Petersburg, because continuous watery strata. \nOn Zvenigorodskaya a situation one of the most difficult, therefore it is necessary to freeze not simply a ground as did builders of underground railways half a century ago, but also to strengthen its cement. Such system is more reliable.\n— Vladimir Maslak, The chief engineer of service of capital construction of Saint Petersburg Metro, Interview to \"Izvestia\" newspaper\nIn January 2008 there have been begun works in several directions:\nOn a place of a land lobby of station it was spent a frozen chemical soil consolidation and a foundation ditch construction under the base of 3-4-floor buildings of a lobby.\nThe building project Is confirmed.\nIn August 2009 work was finished on installation of all four escalators. After that installation of ferro-concrete designs of walls of the ground floor was begun. \nOver station 4 floors of shopping centre were to be constructed.\nDates of opening of a direct exit on a surface\nAs the first term in January 2008 has been named 2009. As of November it is planned to make it in July 2009.", "Nikiforova, Julia (July 9, 2009). Радиус станет линией [The radius becomes a line] (PDF) (in Russian). Metro newspaper (St. Petersburg). Retrieved August 14, 2007.\nNikiforova, Julia (August 5, 2007). От \"Звенигородской\" до \"Пушкинской\" — 60 шагов [From \"Zvenigorodskaya\" to \"Pushkinskaya\" — 60 steps] (in Russian). Metro newspaper (St. Petersburg). Archived from the original on April 2, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2009.\nKozlova, Lidia (July 3, 2007). На новых станциях Фрунзенского радиуса пока готовы только тоннели [At new stations of the Frunze radius while tunnels are ready only]. picture shot (in Russian). Vesti Saint Petersburg. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2009.\nЗвенигородский [Zvenigorodsky]. Objects of \"Adamant\" company (in Russian). \"Adamant\" company. pp. with pictures of building. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2009.\nZhavoronkova, Julia (July 18, 2007). Старое метро закроют, чтобы открыть новое [The old underground will close to open new]. Izvestia-Saint Petersburg (in Russian). Izvestia newspaper. Retrieved August 15, 2009.\n\"Zvenigorodskaya\". Projects under construction (in Russian). Saint Petersburg Metro, official Web-site. Archived from the original on July 13, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2009.\nTrefilov, Juriy (April 18, 2009). Метро привезет в Семеновский полк [The subway system will bring in the Semenovsky regiment]. City news (in Russian). Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti. Retrieved August 16, 2009.\nTishchenko, Irina; Ilja Snopchenko (November 20, 2007). Под ёлку положат подземку [Under a fur-tree will put an underground] (in Russian). Nevskoye vremya newspaper. Retrieved August 16, 2009.\nIvanov, Jury (January 17, 2007). Властелины колец [The lords of rings] (in Russian). Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti. Retrieved August 16, 2009.\nIvanov, Jury (January 15, 2008). К Пушкину пешочком [To Pushkin's monument on foot]. City news (in Russian). Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti. pp. with photos. Retrieved August 16, 2009.\n\"Звенигородской\" смонтировали панно [The mosaic panel in Zvenigorodskaya is completely ready] (in Russian). NTV. November 27, 2008. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2008.\nArcady Fursa's interview (the deputy the chief of State Unitary Enterprise «Saint Petersburg Metro»), =Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti, release № 110 from June 20, 2007\nRatnikov, Dmitriy (June 20, 2007). В Мариинку на метро? [In Mariinsky Theatre by the underground?] (in Russian). Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti. Retrieved August 16, 2009.\nОткрыто движение по Фрунзенскому радиусу метро [Movement on Frunzensko-Primorskaya Line of Saint Petersburg Metro is opened]. City Administration Official site (in Russian). Saint Petersburg City Administration. December 20, 2008. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2009.\nЗвенигородская [Zvenigorodskaya metrostation] (in Russian). metro.vpeterburge.ru. Retrieved August 16, 2009.\nСтроители приступили к вестибюлю станции \"Звенигородская\" [Builders have started station Zvenigorodskaya lobby] (in Russian). kvadrat.ru. August 10, 2009. Retrieved August 16, 2009.\nFrolov, Alexander; Maria Mogilevskaya (January 23, 2008). МЕТРОвое кольцо сомкнётся в 2020 году [The SUBWAY ring will be closed in 2020] (in Russian). fontanka.ru. Retrieved August 16, 2009." ]

[ "Zvenigorodskaya", "Concourse", "Underground hall", "Switch", "Building history", "Projects", "Station and switch", "Direct exit on a surface", "References" ]

[ 5360425, 5360426, 5360427, 5360428, 5360429, 5360430, 5360431, 5360432, 5360433, 5360434 ]

[ 27239939, 27239940, 27239941, 27239942, 27239943, 27239944, 27239945, 27239946, 27239947, 27239948, 27239949, 27239950, 27239951, 27239952, 27239953, 27239954, 27239955, 27239956, 27239957, 27239958, 27239959, 27239960, 27239961, 27239962 ]

[ "Lake Tair, a protected area of Russia in Zvenigovsky District", "" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

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[ "Zvenigovsky District (Russian: Звени́говский райо́н; Meadow Mari: Провой кундем) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fourteen in the Mari El Republic, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 2,748 square kilometers (1,061 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zvenigovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 44,976, with the population of Zvenigovo accounting for 26.6% of that number.", "Within the framework of administrative divisions, Zvenigovsky District is one of the fourteen in the republic. It is divided into one town of district significance (Zvenigovo), two urban-type settlements (administrative divisions with the administrative centers in the urban-type settlements (inhabited localities) of Krasnogorsky and Suslonger), and seven rural okrugs, all of which comprise eighty rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Zvenigovsky Municipal District. The town of district significance and the two urban-type settlements are incorporated into three urban settlements, and the seven rural okrugs are incorporated into seven rural settlements within the municipal district. The town of Zvenigovo serves as the administrative center of both the administrative and municipal district.", "", "Law #22-Z\nResolution #9\nhttp://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst88/DBInet.cgi?pl=8006001.\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). \"Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1\" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.\n\"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года\". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.\nThe count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.\nLaw #15-Z\n\"Об исчислении времени\". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.\nRussian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). \"Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек\" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).\n\"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров\" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.\n\"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России\" [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.\nФедеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 88 612». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code 88 612. ).", "Государственное Собрание Республики Марий Эл. Закон №22-З от 3 мая 2006 г. «О порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства (деления) Республики Марий Эл», в ред. Закона №50-З от 31 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Марий Эл». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Марийская правда\", №81, 6 мая 2006 г. (State Assembly of the Mari El Republic. Law #22-Z of May 3, 2006 On the Procedures of the Administrative-Territorial Structure (Division) of the Mari El Republic, as amended by the Law #50-Z of October 31, 2014 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Mari El Republic. Effective as of the official publication date.).\nПравительство Республики Марий Эл. Постановление №9 от 18 января 2008 г. «О реестре административно-территориального устройства Республики Марий Эл», в ред. Постановления №555 от 24 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в Постановление Правительства Республики Марий Эл от 18 января 2008 г. №9». Опубликован: \"Собрание законодательства Республики Марий Эл\", №2, ст. 108, 26 февраля 2008 г. (Government of the Mari El Republic. Resolution #9 of January 18, 2008 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Mari El Republic, as amended by the Resolution #555 of October 24, 2014 On Amending Resolution #9 by the Government of the Mari El Republic of January 18, 2008. ).\nГосударственный Совет Республики Марий Эл. Закон №15-З от 18 июня 2004 г. «О статусе, границах и составе муниципальных районов, городских округов в Республике Марий Эл», в ред. Закона №50-З от 31 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Марий Эл». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: \"Марийская правда\", №116, 24 июня 2004 г. (State Council of the Mari El Republic. Law #15-Z of June 18, 2004 On the Status, Borders, and Composition of the Municipal Districts, Urban Okrugs in the Mari El Republic, as amended by the Law #50-Z of October 31, 2014 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Mari El Republic. Effective as of after 10 days after the official publication.)." ]

[ "Zvenigovsky District", "Administrative and municipal status", "References", "Notes", "Sources" ]

[ 5360435, 5360436 ]

[ 27239963, 27239964, 27239965, 27239966, 27239967, 27239968, 27239969, 27239970, 27239971, 27239972, 27239973, 27239974, 27239975, 27239976 ]

[ "Zveno-1: Tupolev TB-1 and two Tupolev I-4", "Zveno-2: Tupolev TB-3 and three Polikarpov I-5. Also visible is the ramp for loading the fighters. The centerline aircraft was hoisted on top of the fuselage by hand.", "TB-3 docking with a Grigorovich I-Z under the fuselage.", "Zveno-SPB: TB-3-4M-34FRN with two Polikarpov I-16s armed with FAB-250 bombs" ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Zveno-1.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Zveno-2.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Zveno-5.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/Zveno-SPB.jpg" ]

[ "Zveno (Russian: Звено, a military unit \"Flight\") was a parasite aircraft developed in the Soviet Union during the 1930s. It consisted of a Tupolev TB-1 or a Tupolev TB-3 heavy bomber mothership and two to five fighters. Depending on the variant, the fighters either launched with the mothership or docked in flight, and they could refuel from the bomber. The definitive Zveno-SPB using a TB-3 and two Polikarpov I-16s, each armed with two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs, was used operationally as a strategic weapon system with good results against targets in Romania during the opening stages of the German-Soviet War. The same squadron later carried out an attack against a bridge on the River Dnieper that had been captured by German forces.", "In June 1931, Vladimir Vakhmistrov of the NII VVS (Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Voyenno-Vozdushnykh Sil – scientific test institute of the air force) started work on combinations of fighters rigidly attached to heavy bomber aircraft. The system was envisioned to serve several purposes:\nDelivery of fighters beyond their conventional range\nProvision of bombers with escort fighters\nUse of fighters for dive bombing with heavier bombs than they would be able to take off with on their own\nUsing the added thrust of parasite aircraft to get a heavily laden bomber airborne.\nIn all Zveno configurations, all aircraft were piloted and all had their engines running — it was expected that the combined thrust would more than offset the weight and actually improve the performance of the mothership compared to conventional bombers. The fighters were rigidly attached via pyramid-shaped metal frames, with both latches controlled by the fighter pilots. (On Zveno-1, the front latches were controlled by the bomber crew, while the back latch was controlled by the fighter pilot; this was changed to all-fighter-pilot control in the next version). The original design included umbilical fuel lines which permitted the fighters to use fuel from the bomber while attached, although this was not fully implemented in practice.\nThe first successful flight of Zveno-1, using a Tupolev TB-1 mothership and two Tupolev I-4 fighters mounted on top of the wings, took place on 3 December 1931. An error in the sequence of opening the latches by the bomber crew resulted in one of the fighters prematurely separating, but the TB-1 with an I-4 attached to one of the wings remained in controlled flight and the second fighter was soon uneventfully deployed. After latch control was fully moved onto the fighters, the normal launch procedure consisted of fighter pilots opening the tail lock and then pulling on the control stick to open the front locks and separate from the bomber. As predicted, the presence of docked fighters had a minimal impact on performance of the mothership, and Zveno-2 Tupolev TB-3 carrying three Polikarpov I-5 fighters handled the same as an ordinary bomber. To mount the aircraft on the wings, they were pushed up special ramps but the centerline aircraft had to be lifted on top of the fuselage by hand. This was so cumbersome that the centerline I-5 became a permanent fixture on top of the Zveno-2 TB-3 and never started in the air. At one point, the centerline I-5, still with a pilot at the controls to operate the engine, had the wings and the tail surfaces removed and was used purely as a fifth powerplant for the bomber mothership.\nThe Zveno-3 in which TB-3 carried two Grigorovich I-Z fighters under the wings presented a different challenge — the I-Z was a monoplane with fixed landing gear which touched the ground while it was suspended under the mothership. To accommodate uneven ground during takeoffs, the fighters were attached via a floating frame that permitted vertical movement relative to the TB-3. However, immediately after takeoff the I-Z pilots had to push forward on the control sticks to lock the frame in the fixed bottom position — if the fighter-bomber was not rigid in flight, the bomber became extremely difficult to control. During one of the test flights, I-Z pilot Korotkov incorrectly timed the locking maneuver and the lift generated by his fighter broke the docking frame and crashed him into the bottom of the mothership's wing. As the bomber came in for an emergency landing with both fighters still attached, the slow landing speed of the TB-3 resulted in loss of lift for the I-Z which fell away, killing Korotkov. This was the most serious accident of the entire Zveno program despite the inherent complexity of carrying as many as five aircraft, performing mid-air launches and dockings, and damage to the motherships by propellers and landing gear of the fighters. Tests with various combinations of aircraft determined that top-mounted configurations presented the most difficulty in docking due to turbulent airflow coming off the mothership's wings. The problem of safe underwing attachment was solved with the introduction of the Polikarpov I-16 fighter with retractable landing gear, permitting the use of the same rigid mounting frames as for the top-mounted aircraft.\nThe mothership and its fighters were unofficially nicknamed the Vakhmistrov's Circus (Цирк Вахмистрова).", "Source: Shavrov\nZveno-1\nTupolev TB-1 and two Tupolev I-4 on top of the wings. The normally sesquiplane I-4s had the bottom wings removed (with no ill effect on flight characteristics) due to clearance problems with TB-1 propellers. First flight 3 December 1931. The TB-1 was piloted by A. I. Zalevskiy and A. R. Sharapov, the I-4s were piloted by V. P. Chkalov and A. F. Anisimov. Vakhmistrov himself flew in the front gunner's turret.\nZveno-1a\nTB-1 and two Polikarpov I-5 on the wings, first flight September 1933. The TB-1 was piloted by Stefanovskiy, the I-5s were piloted by Kokkinaki and Grozd.\nZveno-2\nTupolev TB-3 and three I-5, the third aircraft was attached over the fuselage. First flight August 1934. The TB-3 was piloted by Zalevskiy, the I-5s were piloted by Altynov, Suprun, and Suzi.\nZveno-3\nTB-3 and two Grigorovich I-Z under the wings.\nZveno-5\nTB-3 and a single I-Z under the fuselage which attached and detached in the air as there was not enough ground clearance for the fighter. On 23 March 1935, TB-3 piloted by Stefanovskiy and I-Z with Stepanchenok at the controls performed the world's first mid-air docking between two fixed wing aircraft.\nZveno-6\nTB-3 and two Polikarpov I-16 which were attached on the ground with the landing gear retracted. First flight August 1935, with the TB-3 piloted by Stefanovskiy, and the I-16s piloted by Budakov and Nikashin. I-16s could only detach, not re-attach, in flight\nZveno-7\nTB-3 and two I-16s, all docked in the air. First flight November 1939, pilots Stefanovskiy, Nyukhtikov, and Suprun. Fighters could re-attach in flight due to two retractable trapezes, one under each wing. Docking, while possible, was deemed too difficult to be practical.\nAviamatka (Airborne mothership)\nTB-3 with two I-16s under the wings, two I-5s on top of the wings, and one I-Z attached under the fuselage in mid-air. First flight 20 November 1935. The TB-3 was piloted by Zalevskiy, the fighters piloted by Stefanovskiy, Nikashin, Altynov, Suprun, and Stepanchenok. Vakhmistrov also worked on a larger Aviamatka with eight I-16s. In this scheme, the TB-3 would get airborne with two I-16s under the wings and the remaining six would attach in the air. Not all eight would attach at one time, but would rotate in and out during the flight, detaching and re-attaching as needed. These six aircraft could also refuel from the mothership. Although a few successful mid-air dockings and fuel transfers were performed in 1938 (Zveno 6 and 7), the eight-fighter configuration was never completed.\nSPB (Sostavnoi Pikiruyuschiy Bombardirovschik - Combined Dive Bomber)\nTB-3-4AM-34FRN and two I-16s under the wings, each armed with a pair of 250 kg (550 lb) FAB-250 bombs. Used operationally in World War II with good success.", "In 1938, Vakhmistrov devised Zveno-SPB (SPB: Sostavnoi Pikiruyuschiy Bombardirovschik, Combined Dive Bomber) which consisted of a Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN mothership and two Polikarpov I-16 Type 5 fighters. Each of the fighters was armed with a pair of 250 kg (550 lb) FAB-250 high-explosive bombs. Although an I-16 Type 5 could get airborne on its own with no more than 100 kg (220 lb) of bombs, once hoisted in the air by the TB-3 it could reach 410 km/h (220 knots, 255 mph) at 2500 m (8,200 ft), had a service ceiling of 6800 m (22,310 ft), and could dive at up to 650 km/h (350 knots, 405 mph). Once the bombs were dropped, the SPB-launched I-16s performed like conventional Type 5s. The three-aircraft Zveno-SPB had a total takeoff weight of 22000 kg (48,500 lb), a top speed of 268 km/h (145 knots, 165 mph), and a range of 2500 km (1,350 NM, 1,550 mi). The use of a mothership increased the range of the I-16s by 80%.\nThe SPB first flew in July 1937, with TB-3 piloted by Stefanovskiy, and I-16s piloted by Nikolayev and Taborovskiy. Following the successful test program in 1938, Zveno-SPB was accepted into service. By 1 February 1940, Soviet Air Force was supposed to receive 20 TB-3s and 40 I-16s, with the same number going to the Soviet Navy. Vakhmistrov was also asked to investigate the possibility of using Tupolev TB-7, Tupolev MTB-2, and GST (PBY Catalina) as the motherships, as well as arming I-16s with 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs. By 1939, the government support for the project had waned, the Navy canceled all of its orders, and the Air Force reduced the number of fighters from 40 to 12. However, Soviet military observers noted the success of the Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers in the opening stages of World War II. As the Soviet Union had no dive bombers, it was decided to resume low-scale work on the Zveno-SPB. Testing of the first production Zveno began in June 1940. It differed from the prototype in using the much more powerful I-16 Type 24 fighters. A total of six mothership-fighter combinations (six TB-3s and twelve modified I-16 Type 24s) were completed. All were attached to the 2nd Special Squadron of the 32nd IAP (Fighter Regiment) of the 62nd Aviation Brigade of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force stationed in Yevpatoria(Crimea). Mirroring the nickname of the Zveno experiments, the squadron was dubbed Shubikov's Circus (Цирк Шубикова) after its commander Arseniy Shubikov.\nZveno-SPB saw limited but successful combat use during the German-Soviet War. In the opening stages, the Black Sea Fleet Air Force was tasked with destroying industrial targets in Nazi Germany-allied Romania. The most important of these was the King Carol I Bridge over the Danube which carried the Ploieşti-Constanța oil pipeline. After several failed attempts to destroy the heavily protected bridge with conventional bombers, the task was given to the Zveno squadron. As a combat test, it was decided to first attack the Constanţa oil depot. On 26 July 1941, two Zveno-SPB aircraft performed a successful attack on the depot in broad daylight with no losses. The fighters disconnected 40 km (22 NM, 25 mi) from the target and returned to the home airfield under their own power.\nThe first of the two bridge raids took place on 10 August 1941. For this mission, the I-16s were fitted with additional 95-liter (25 US gal) underwing fuel tanks for an additional 35 minutes of flight time. Of the three Zveno-SPBs, one had to turn back due to mechanical problems. The other two launched their fighters 15 km (8 NM, 9 mi) from the Romanian coastline. The fighters successfully dive-bombed from the altitude of 1800 m (5,900 ft) and returned home with no losses despite heavy anti-aircraft fire. The second raid took place on 13 August 1941. This time, all three Zveno-SPBs reached the target. The six fighters scored five direct hits on the bridge and completely destroyed one of the spans. On the way back, the fighters strafed Romanian infantry near Sulina and returned to Eupatoria with no losses. Following the successful sorties, two additional Zveno-SPB were brought to operational status, bringing the total to five. The main limiting factor was the lack of high-output Mikulin AM-34FRN engines, as the other versions were not powerful enough to get the aircraft airborne. On 16 August 1941, Admiral Kuznetsov asked Joseph Stalin for additional AM-34FRN-engined TB-3s from the Air Force so they could be converted to Zveno-SPB carriers, but the request was denied as the Air Force had suffered heavy losses in the opening days of the war. In the meantime, the five aircraft continued flying operational sorties, destroying a dry dock in Constanţa on 17 August and a bridge across the Dnieper River on 28 August, losing one I-16 in the process. During the repeat attack the next day, four Zveno-launched I-16s engaged several Messerschmitt Bf 109s, shooting down two. Despite the high success rate, Zveno missions ended by 1942 due to high vulnerability of the obsolete TB-3s and I-16s in the face of enemy air superiority. It is estimated that Zveno-SPB flew at least 30 combat missions.", "Airborne aircraft carrier\nShort Mayo Composite - long-range air transport combination of two seaplanes operated by Imperial Airways in the late 1930s.\nMistel - various fighter-bomber combinations used by Luftwaffe during World War II for attacking large heavily defended targets.\nFICON project - Convair B-36 — F-84F Thunderstreak combination for fighter escort and long-range reconnaissance used by the United States Air Force during the Cold War.", "Lesnitchenko, pp. 15–20\nShavrov V.B. (1985). История конструкции самолетов в СССР до 1938 г. (3 изд.) (in Russian). Mashinostroenie. ISBN 5-217-03112-3.\nStefanovskiy, P.M. (1968). Триста неизвестных (in Russian). Voyenizdat.\nIvanov S.V. (2001). Боевой ишак Сталинских Соколов, часть 3. Война в воздухе 43 (in Russian).\n\"AKL-201611 AviaKollektsia 11 2016: Tupolev I-4 Soviet Fighter of the 1920s\". modelgrad.com. Retrieved 2017-10-20.", "Lesnitchenko, Vladimir (November–December 1999). \"Combat Composites: Soviet Use of 'Mother-ships' to Carry Fighters, 1939–1941\". Air Enthusiast (84): 4–21. ISSN 0143-5450." ]

[ "Zveno project", "Development", "Configurations", "Operational history", "See also", "References", "Bibliography" ]

[ 5360437, 5360438, 5360439 ]

[ 27239977, 27239978, 27239979, 27239980, 27239981, 27239982, 27239983, 27239984, 27239985, 27239986, 27239987, 27239988, 27239989, 27239990, 27239991, 27239992, 27239993, 27239994, 27239995, 27239996, 27239997, 27239998, 27239999, 27240000, 27240001, 27240002, 27240003, 27240004, 27240005, 27240006, 27240007, 27240008, 27240009, 27240010 ]

[ "Central part of Zvenyhorodka", "", "", "", "" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 9 ]

[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Panorama_zvenygorodka.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Zvenyhorodka_prapor.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Zvenyhorodka_gerb.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/71-212-0034_Zvenigrodka_Shevchenko_SAM_2478.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Zvenyhorodka_Conglomerate.JPG" ]

[ "Zvenyhorodka (Ukrainian: Звенигородка [zwenɪɦoˈrɔdkɐ]; Polish: Zwinogródka; Russian: Звенигородка) is a city located in the Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine on the Hnylyi Tikych river. The town is the administrative center of the Zvenyhorodka Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Zvenyhorodka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The city has a population of 16,490 (2021 est.).", "", "Zvenyhorodka has its origins in the days of the Kievan Rus' and the first mention of the city dates back to 1394, although its actual origins are likely to be older, as the city was previously destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'. According to modern legend, the original city was situated 3km further from its current location, encircling a conical mountain.\nIn 1504 Zvenyhorodka became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after being relinquished by Meñli I Giray. It passed to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in 1569 following the capture of Right-bank Ukraine. Following this takeover, the population was subject to significant socio-economic oppression from the Polish aristocracy in the forms of various taxes. During the 1648-1654 Khmelnytsky Uprising, the townsfolk revolted and expelled the Polish nobility from the region. Zvenyhorodka then remained part of the Korsun Regiment, a military-territorial unit of the Hetman state, until the Polish crown regained control of Right-bank Ukraine in 1667 as per the Andrusiv Armistice.\nUnder Polish rule, the population suffered under socio-economic oppression again and fell victim to various national and religious hostilities. The Catholic clergy violently pursued a campaign of polarising Ukrainian nationals, which led to several uprisings in the 18th century. Haydamak forces were active in the area, led by the Cossack Gnat Goly, and they twice stormed the local castle, in 1737 and then 1743. Following these attacks, the Polish government built fortifications around the castle, including new towers and barracks.\nDuring the Koliivshchyna rebellion in 1768, many residents of the city joined the insurgents in fighting against the Catholic church and Polish nobility, amongst others, due to the treatment of peasants and their serfdom. The rebellion was unsuccessful and the city remained under Polish control. In 1792 King Stanisław August Poniatowski granted Zwinogródka city rights under Magdeburg law and it became a royal city of Poland. In the following year it was annexed by Russia after the Second Partition of Poland.", "From 1798 Zvenyhorodka became an administrative centre of uyezd in Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire. The intensive development of trade owing to the inclusion of Zvenyhorodka in the Russian market allowed for rapid development of industries, in particularly dairy and lumber, as well as pottery and handicrafts. The city became one of the centres of the dairy industry alongside Chyhyryn and Bila Tserkva. In the 1830s the city saw considerable development including the construction of a local hospital, post office, telegraph communications, and a bridge over the river Hnylyi Tikich. Classes began at the parish school in 1833 with just over 20 students being educated and most of the population being illiterate at the time.", "Around the turn to the 20th century the town had a train station, three Greek Orthodox churches and one Roman Catholic church.\nA local newspaper has been published here since March 14, 1919.", "1850: 7, 501\n1897: 16, 972\n1926: 18, 020, 61% Ukrainians, 37% Jews, 1% Russians and 1% Poles.\n1989: 22, 740\n2013: 17, 958", "", "Ahatanhel Krymsky (1871–1942), Ukrainian philologist and orientalist.\nDavid Günzburg (1857–1910), Russian orientalist and Jewish communal leader.\nHorace Günzburg (1833–1909), Russian philanthropist.\nGrigory Petrovich Nikulin (1895–1965), Russian Bolshevik and Chekist.", "List of cities in Ukraine", "", "", "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2021 / Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2021 (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.\n\"Звенигородська територіальна громада\" (in Ukrainian). decentralization.gov.ua.\n\"Local History of Zvenyhorodka\". History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR (in Ukrainian). 11 Feb 2015. Retrieved 27 Feb 2022.\nMeyers Konversations-Lexikon. 6th edition, vol. 19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 227 (in German).\nЛетопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986 - 1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр.421\nDer Große Brockhaus. 15th edition, vol. 18, Leipzig 1934, p. 368 (in German).\n\"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей\". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-07-05.\nЧисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.106\n\"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010\". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.", "" ]

[ "Zvenyhorodka", "History", "Early history", "Russian Empire", "Post-war", "Number of inhabitants in years", "Climate", "Notable residents", "See also", "Gallery", "References", "Notes", "Sources" ]

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[ "", "", "Zvenyhorodka Raion in Cherkasy Oblast before 2020" ]

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[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Flag_of_Zvenyhorodskiy_Raion_in_Cherkasy_Oblast_%28reverse%29.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Zvenyhorodskiy_rayon_gerb.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Zvenygorodskyi-Raion.png" ]

[ "Zvenyhorodka Raion is a raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at the city of Zvenyhorodka. Population: 197,509 (2021 est.)\nOn 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Zvenyhorodka Raion was significantly expanded. Four abolished raions, Katerynopil, Lysianka, Shpola, and Talne Raions, parts of two more abolished raions, Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi and Horodyshche Raions, as well as the city of Vatutine, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to any raion, were merged into Zvenyhorodka Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 42,176 (2020 est.).", "", "After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 17 hromadas:\nBuzhanka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Buzhanka, transferred from Lysianka Raion;\nKaterynopil settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Katerynopil, transferred from Katerynopil Raion;\nLypianka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Lypianka, transferred from Shpola Raion;\nLysianka settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Lysianka, transferred from Lysianka Raion;\nMatusiv rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Matusiv, transferred from Shpola Raion;\nMokra Kalyhirka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Mokra Kalyhirka, transferred from Katerynopil Raion;\nSelishche rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Selishche, transferred from Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi Raion;\nShevchenkove rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Shevchenkove, retained from Zvenyhorodka Raion;\nShpola urban hromada with the administration in the city of Shpola, transferred from Shpola Raion;\nStebliv settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Stebliv, transferred from Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi Raion;\nTalne urban hromada with the administration in the city of Talne, transferred from Talne Raion;\nVatutine urban hromada with the administration in the city of Vatutine, transferred from Vatutine Municipality;\nVilshana settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Vilshana, transferred from Horodyshche Raion;\nVodianyky rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Vodianyky, retained from Zvenyhorodka Raion;\nVynohrad rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Vynohrad, transferred from Lysianka Raion;\nYerky settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Yerky, transferred from Katerynopil Raion;\nZvenyhorodka urban hromada with the administration in the city of Zvenyhorodka, retained from Zvenyhorodka Raion.", "Before the 2020 reform, the raion consisted of three hromadas:\nShevchenkove rural hromada with the administration in Shevchenkove;\nVodianyky rural hromada with the administration in Vodianyky;\nZvenyhorodka urban hromada with the administration in Zvenyhorodka.", "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2021 / Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2021 (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.\n\"Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ\". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.\n\"Нові райони: карти + склад\" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.\nЧисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2020 року / Population of Ukraine Number of Existing as of January 1, 2020 (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.\n\"Лисянська районна рада (состав до 2020 г.)\" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.\n\"Катеринопільська районна рада (состав до 2020 г.)\" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.\n\"Шполянська районна рада (состав до 2020 г.)\" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.\n\"Корсунь-Шевченківська районна рада (состав до 2020 г.)\" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.\n\"Тальнівська районна рада (состав до 2020 г.)\" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.\n\"Ватутинская городская громада\" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.\n\"Городищенська районна рада (состав до 2020 г.)\" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.\n\"Звенигородська районна рада (состав до 2020 г.)\" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України." ]

[ "Zvenyhorodka Raion", "Subdivisions", "Current", "Before 2020", "References" ]

[ 5360443, 5360444 ]

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