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{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "What can result from disorders of the immune system?", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकारों के परिणामस्वरूप क्या हो सकता है?" }

{ "en": [ "autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer" ], "hi": [ "स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग" ] }

{ "en": [ 45, 45, 45 ], "hi": [ 44 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", 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"Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "When does immunodeficiency occur?", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा अभाव कब होता है?" }

{ "en": [ "when the immune system is less active than normal" ], "hi": [ "जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य" ] }

{ "en": [ 124, 124, 124 ], "hi": [ 130 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", 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"Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", 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Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. 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"Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "What does immunodeficiency cause?", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा अभाव का कारण क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "recurring and life-threatening infections" ], "hi": [ "आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण" ] }

{ "en": [ 188, 188, 289 ], "hi": [ 201 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "Name one of the causes of immunodeficiency.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा अभाव के कारणों में से एक का नाम बताइए।" }

{ "en": [ "genetic disease" ], "hi": [ "आनुवांशिक बीमारी" ] }

{ "en": [ 289, 289, 375 ], "hi": [ 284 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "Name a common autoimmune disease.", "hi": "एक सामान्य स्वप्रतिरक्षी बीमारी का नाम बताइए।" }

{ "en": [ "rheumatoid arthritis" ], "hi": [ "हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस" ] }

{ "en": [ 616, 591, 591 ], "hi": [ 597 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", 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deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", 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Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", 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elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", 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"Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "What happens when the immune system less active than normal?", "hi": "क्या होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है?" }

{ "en": [ "Immunodeficiency" ], "hi": [ "प्रतिरक्षा अभाव" ] }

{ "en": [ 100, 100, 100 ], "hi": [ 103 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "What is the term for a hyperactive immune system that attacks normal tissues?", "hi": "अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र के लिए क्या शब्द है जो सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है?" }

{ "en": [ "autoimmunity" ], "hi": [ "स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग" ] }

{ "en": [ 442, 442, 442 ], "hi": [ 451 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

[ "19_moth_family_wingspan", "94_crater_rim_lunar", "69_gastropod_snail_marine gastropod", "97_bee family_bee_described", "85_station_radio_radio station", "39_voivodeship_gmina_poland", "79_station_radio_radio station", "95_curling_curling championships_curling championship", "9_district_rural district_province iran", "71_beetle_species beetle_beetle family", "90_miss_pageant_miss universe", "92_beetle_genus_species beetle", "75_species_bird_subtropical tropical", "16_india_district_village", "56_film_indian_directed", "80_route_highway_state", "73_tennis_doubles_singles", "77_station_line_km", "87_formation_geologic_geologic formation", "67_league_football_club", "82_stakes_horse_race", "65_species_genus_butterfly", "47_species_genus_fish", "20_species_plant_genus", "32_municipality_province_river", "55_station_china_province", "89_athletics_championships_metres", "59_games_summer_championships", "38_football_cup_teams", "62_cricket_cricketer_firstclass", "68_race_racing_championship", "76_glacier_antarctic_island", "66_church_comune_italy", "33_footballer_played_league", "31_footballer_plays_club", "84_frog_species frog_species", "93_calendar_year_bc year", "54_navy_ship_uss", "12_municipality_village_river", "78_star_asteroid_constellation", "81_events_events year_year", "86_airline_airlines_air", "6_parish_railway_england", "4_album_song_released", "49_team_season_football", "83_golf_tour_pga", "14_fc_football_club", "63_hockey_league_hockey league", "30_population_town_language", "27_football_baseball_played", "40_album_song_music", "57_commune_france_department", "23_municipality_germany_station", "58_wrestling_professional_boxing", "2_album_band_released", "24_river_island_lake", "5_olympics_competed_summer olympics", "3_county_township_census", "53_election_party_assembly", "88_earthquake_hawaii_mori", "51_game_games_video game", "46_aircraft_engine_designed", "48_school_high school_high", "15_historic_house_building", "99_everest_climbing_mount everest", "26_india_indian_college", "64_war_army_officer", "42_spanish_party_mexican", "45_chinese_china_japanese", "52_radio_television_channel", "44_ibn_islamic_muhammad", "98_boat_boat race_race", "13_sir_son_john", "8_film_films_directed", "43_surname_given_ancient", "28_protein_enzyme_gene", "36_software_data_computer", "17_served_republican_state", "1_film_series_television", "35_roman_greek_rome", "50_company_food_restaurant", "60_united nations_party_minister", "91_scout_conus_scouts", "25_music_opera_composer", "96_weather_amber_vietnamese", "72_regiment_army_battalion", "74_bank_company_oil", "70_theory_function_theorem", "21_russian_soviet_party", "11_novel_series_book", "41_used_water_energy", "18_art_painter_artist", "10_german_norwegian_french", "61_hospital_university_college", "7_act_law_united", "34_published_book_magazine", "22_company_information_technology", "37_university_college_born", "29_university_professor_research" ]

[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "What field involves the study of the immune system?", "hi": "किस क्षेत्र में प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली का अध्ययन शामिल है?" }

{ "en": [ "Immunology" ], "hi": [ "प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान" ] }

{ "en": [ 698, 698, 698 ], "hi": [ 691 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", 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Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", 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history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.", "hi": "प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के विकार के परिणामस्वरूप स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग, सूजन संबंधी रोग और कैंसर हो सकते हैं। प्रतिरक्षा अभाव तब होता है जब प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सामान्य से कम सक्रिय होती है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आवर्ती और जीवन के लिए खतरनाक संक्रमण होता है। मनुष्यों में, प्रतिरक्षा अभाव या तो आनुवांशिक बीमारी का परिणाम हो सकती है जैसे कि गंभीर संयुक्त प्रतिरक्षा अभाव, प्राप्त स्थितियों से जैसे कि HIV/AIDS, या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं का उपयोग। इसके विपरीत, स्व-प्रतिरक्षित रोग अति सक्रिय प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र सामान्य ऊतकों पर हमला करता है जैसे कि वे बाहरी जीवधारी हों। सामान्य स्व-प्रतिरक्षित बीमारियों में हाशिमोटो थायरॉयडिटिस, गठिया, मधुमेह मेलेटस टाइप 1, और प्रणालीगत ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस शामिल हैं। प्रतिरक्षा विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के सभी पहलुओं के अध्ययन को शामिल करता है।" }

{ "en": "What acquired condition results in immunodeficiency in humans?", "hi": "किन प्राप्त स्थितियों के परिणाम स्वरुप मनुष्यों में प्रतिरक्षा अभाव होता हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "HIV/AIDS" ], "hi": [ "HIV/AIDS" ] }

{ "en": [ 375, 375, 375 ], "hi": [ 390 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", 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Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. 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elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", 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"Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", 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"Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to control the effects of inflammation. Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs; however, these drugs can have many undesirable side effects, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and their use must be tightly controlled. Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate or azathioprine. Cytotoxic drugs inhibit the immune response by killing dividing cells such as activated T cells. However, the killing is indiscriminate and other constantly dividing cells and their organs are affected, which causes toxic side effects. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin prevent T cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways.", "hi": "सूजन के प्रभाव को नियंत्रित करने के लिए अक्सर सूजन विरोधी दवाओं का उपयोग किया जाता है। ग्लूकोकार्टोइकोड्स इन दवाओं में से सबसे शक्तिशाली हैं; हालांकि, इन दवाओं के कई अवांछनीय दुष्प्रभाव भी हो सकते हैं, जैसे कि केंद्रित मोटापा, हाइपरग्लाइसेमिया, ऑस्टियोपोरोसिस, और उनके उपयोग को मज़बूती से नियंत्रित किया जाना चाहिए। सूजन विरोधी दवाओं की कम खुराक का अक्सर साइटोटॉक्सिक या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं जैसे मेथोट्रेक्सेट या एज़ैथोप्रिन के संयोजन में उपयोग किया जाता है। साइटोटॉक्सिक दवाएं सक्रिय टी कोशिकाओं जैसे विभाजित कोशिकाओं को मारकर प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया को रोकती हैं। हालांकि, मारना अव्यवस्थित होता है और अन्य लगातार विभाजित कोशिकाएं और उनके अंग प्रभावित होते हैं, जो विषाक्त दुष्प्रभावों का कारण बनता है। प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं जैसे सीक्लोस्पोरिन संकेत पारगमन पथ को रोककर टी कोशिकाओं को संकेतों पर सही ढंग से प्रतिक्रिया करने से रोकती हैं।" }

{ "en": "What are the most powerful class of anti-inflammatory drugs?", "hi": "सूजन विरोधी दवाओं का सबसे शक्तिशाली श्रेणी क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "Glucocorticoids" ], "hi": [ "ग्लूकोकार्टोइकोड्स" ] }

{ "en": [ 79, 79, 79 ], "hi": [ 87 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", 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nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", 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"Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", 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elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", 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"Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", 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history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to control the effects of inflammation. Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs; however, these drugs can have many undesirable side effects, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and their use must be tightly controlled. Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate or azathioprine. Cytotoxic drugs inhibit the immune response by killing dividing cells such as activated T cells. However, the killing is indiscriminate and other constantly dividing cells and their organs are affected, which causes toxic side effects. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin prevent T cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways.", "hi": "सूजन के प्रभाव को नियंत्रित करने के लिए अक्सर सूजन विरोधी दवाओं का उपयोग किया जाता है। ग्लूकोकार्टोइकोड्स इन दवाओं में से सबसे शक्तिशाली हैं; हालांकि, इन दवाओं के कई अवांछनीय दुष्प्रभाव भी हो सकते हैं, जैसे कि केंद्रित मोटापा, हाइपरग्लाइसेमिया, ऑस्टियोपोरोसिस, और उनके उपयोग को मज़बूती से नियंत्रित किया जाना चाहिए। सूजन विरोधी दवाओं की कम खुराक का अक्सर साइटोटॉक्सिक या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं जैसे मेथोट्रेक्सेट या एज़ैथोप्रिन के संयोजन में उपयोग किया जाता है। साइटोटॉक्सिक दवाएं सक्रिय टी कोशिकाओं जैसे विभाजित कोशिकाओं को मारकर प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया को रोकती हैं। हालांकि, मारना अव्यवस्थित होता है और अन्य लगातार विभाजित कोशिकाएं और उनके अंग प्रभावित होते हैं, जो विषाक्त दुष्प्रभावों का कारण बनता है। प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं जैसे सीक्लोस्पोरिन संकेत पारगमन पथ को रोककर टी कोशिकाओं को संकेतों पर सही ढंग से प्रतिक्रिया करने से रोकती हैं।" }

{ "en": "Low doses of anti-inflammatories are sometimes used with what classes of drugs?", "hi": "सूजन विरोधी दवाओं की कम खुराक कभी-कभी दवाओं के किस वर्ग के साथ उपयोग की जाती है?" }

{ "en": [ "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs" ], "hi": [ "साइटोटॉक्सिक या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं" ] }

{ "en": [ 364, 364, 439 ], "hi": [ 355 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", 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"Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to control the effects of inflammation. Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs; however, these drugs can have many undesirable side effects, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and their use must be tightly controlled. Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate or azathioprine. Cytotoxic drugs inhibit the immune response by killing dividing cells such as activated T cells. However, the killing is indiscriminate and other constantly dividing cells and their organs are affected, which causes toxic side effects. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin prevent T cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways.", "hi": "सूजन के प्रभाव को नियंत्रित करने के लिए अक्सर सूजन विरोधी दवाओं का उपयोग किया जाता है। ग्लूकोकार्टोइकोड्स इन दवाओं में से सबसे शक्तिशाली हैं; हालांकि, इन दवाओं के कई अवांछनीय दुष्प्रभाव भी हो सकते हैं, जैसे कि केंद्रित मोटापा, हाइपरग्लाइसेमिया, ऑस्टियोपोरोसिस, और उनके उपयोग को मज़बूती से नियंत्रित किया जाना चाहिए। सूजन विरोधी दवाओं की कम खुराक का अक्सर साइटोटॉक्सिक या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं जैसे मेथोट्रेक्सेट या एज़ैथोप्रिन के संयोजन में उपयोग किया जाता है। साइटोटॉक्सिक दवाएं सक्रिय टी कोशिकाओं जैसे विभाजित कोशिकाओं को मारकर प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया को रोकती हैं। हालांकि, मारना अव्यवस्थित होता है और अन्य लगातार विभाजित कोशिकाएं और उनके अंग प्रभावित होते हैं, जो विषाक्त दुष्प्रभावों का कारण बनता है। प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं जैसे सीक्लोस्पोरिन संकेत पारगमन पथ को रोककर टी कोशिकाओं को संकेतों पर सही ढंग से प्रतिक्रिया करने से रोकती हैं।" }

{ "en": "What are two examples of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs?", "hi": "साइटोटॉक्सिक या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं के दो उदाहरण क्या हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "methotrexate or azathioprine" ], "hi": [ "मेथोट्रेक्सेट या एज़ैथोप्रिन" ] }

{ "en": [ 409, 409, 409 ], "hi": [ 401 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to control the effects of inflammation. Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs; however, these drugs can have many undesirable side effects, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and their use must be tightly controlled. Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate or azathioprine. Cytotoxic drugs inhibit the immune response by killing dividing cells such as activated T cells. However, the killing is indiscriminate and other constantly dividing cells and their organs are affected, which causes toxic side effects. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin prevent T cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways.", "hi": "सूजन के प्रभाव को नियंत्रित करने के लिए अक्सर सूजन विरोधी दवाओं का उपयोग किया जाता है। ग्लूकोकार्टोइकोड्स इन दवाओं में से सबसे शक्तिशाली हैं; हालांकि, इन दवाओं के कई अवांछनीय दुष्प्रभाव भी हो सकते हैं, जैसे कि केंद्रित मोटापा, हाइपरग्लाइसेमिया, ऑस्टियोपोरोसिस, और उनके उपयोग को मज़बूती से नियंत्रित किया जाना चाहिए। सूजन विरोधी दवाओं की कम खुराक का अक्सर साइटोटॉक्सिक या प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं जैसे मेथोट्रेक्सेट या एज़ैथोप्रिन के संयोजन में उपयोग किया जाता है। साइटोटॉक्सिक दवाएं सक्रिय टी कोशिकाओं जैसे विभाजित कोशिकाओं को मारकर प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया को रोकती हैं। हालांकि, मारना अव्यवस्थित होता है और अन्य लगातार विभाजित कोशिकाएं और उनके अंग प्रभावित होते हैं, जो विषाक्त दुष्प्रभावों का कारण बनता है। प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवाओं जैसे सीक्लोस्पोरिन संकेत पारगमन पथ को रोककर टी कोशिकाओं को संकेतों पर सही ढंग से प्रतिक्रिया करने से रोकती हैं।" }

{ "en": "What is an example of an immunosuppressive drug that prevents T cell activity by altering signal transduction pathways?", "hi": "एक प्रतिरक्षा दमनकारी दवा का एक उदाहरण क्या है जो संकेत पारगमन पथ को बदलाव कर टी सेल गतिविधि को रोकता है?" }

{ "en": [ "cyclosporin" ], "hi": [ "सीक्लोस्पोरिन" ] }

{ "en": [ 707, 707, 707 ], "hi": [ 738 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "In contrast, during wake periods differentiated effector cells, such as cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), peak in order to elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens. As well during awake active times, anti-inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines, peak. There are two theories as to why the pro-inflammatory state is reserved for sleep time. First, inflammation would cause serious cognitive and physical impairments if it were to occur during wake times. Second, inflammation may occur during sleep times due to the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract free radical production during this time.", "hi": "इसके विपरीत, जगने के समय के दौरान विभेदित प्रभावकारक कोशिकाएं, जैसे कि साइटोटॉक्सिक प्राकृतिक मारक कोशिकाओं और CTL (साइटोटॉक्सिक टी लिम्फोसाइट्स), किसी भी घुसने वाले रोगजनकों के खिलाफ प्रभावी प्रतिक्रिया हासिल करने के लिए चरम पर होते हैं। साथ ही जागृत सक्रिय समय के दौरान, सूजन विरोधी अणु, जैसे कि कोर्टिसोल और कैटेकोलामाइन, चरम पर होते हैं। दो सिद्धांत हैं कि क्यों सूजन सहायक अवस्था को सोने के समय के लिए आरक्षित किया जाता है। सबसे पहले, सूजन गंभीर संज्ञानात्मक और शारीरिक दुर्बलताओं का कारण बनती है अगर यह जागने के दौरान होती है। दूसरा, मेलाटोनिन की उपस्थिति के कारण नींद के समय में सूजन हो सकती है। सूजन ऑक्सीडेटिव तनाव का एक बड़ा कारण बनती है और नींद के समय मेलाटोनिन की उपस्थिति सक्रिय रूप से इस समय के दौरान मुक्त तत्वों के उत्पादन का प्रतिकार कर सकती है।" }

{ "en": "What are examples of differentiated effector cells that peak during wake periods?", "hi": "विभेदित प्रभावकारक कोशिकाओं के उदाहरण क्या हैं जो जागने के समय के दौरान चरम पर होते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)" ], "hi": [ "साइटोटॉक्सिक प्राकृतिक मारक कोशिकाओं और CTL (साइटोटॉक्सिक टी लिम्फोसाइट्स)" ] }

{ "en": [ 72, 72, 72 ], "hi": [ 71 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", 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history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "In contrast, during wake periods differentiated effector cells, such as cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), peak in order to elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens. As well during awake active times, anti-inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines, peak. There are two theories as to why the pro-inflammatory state is reserved for sleep time. First, inflammation would cause serious cognitive and physical impairments if it were to occur during wake times. Second, inflammation may occur during sleep times due to the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract free radical production during this time.", "hi": "इसके विपरीत, जगने के समय के दौरान विभेदित प्रभावकारक कोशिकाएं, जैसे कि साइटोटॉक्सिक प्राकृतिक मारक कोशिकाओं और CTL (साइटोटॉक्सिक टी लिम्फोसाइट्स), किसी भी घुसने वाले रोगजनकों के खिलाफ प्रभावी प्रतिक्रिया हासिल करने के लिए चरम पर होते हैं। साथ ही जागृत सक्रिय समय के दौरान, सूजन विरोधी अणु, जैसे कि कोर्टिसोल और कैटेकोलामाइन, चरम पर होते हैं। दो सिद्धांत हैं कि क्यों सूजन सहायक अवस्था को सोने के समय के लिए आरक्षित किया जाता है। सबसे पहले, सूजन गंभीर संज्ञानात्मक और शारीरिक दुर्बलताओं का कारण बनती है अगर यह जागने के दौरान होती है। दूसरा, मेलाटोनिन की उपस्थिति के कारण नींद के समय में सूजन हो सकती है। सूजन ऑक्सीडेटिव तनाव का एक बड़ा कारण बनती है और नींद के समय मेलाटोनिन की उपस्थिति सक्रिय रूप से इस समय के दौरान मुक्त तत्वों के उत्पादन का प्रतिकार कर सकती है।" }

{ "en": "What are two anti-inflammatory molecules that peak during awake hours?", "hi": "कौन से दो सूजन विरोधी अणु जो जागते घंटों के दौरान चरम पर होते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "cortisol and catecholamines" ], "hi": [ "कोर्टिसोल और कैटेकोलामाइन" ] }

{ "en": [ 290, 290, 290 ], "hi": [ 298 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "In contrast, during wake periods differentiated effector cells, such as cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), peak in order to elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens. As well during awake active times, anti-inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines, peak. There are two theories as to why the pro-inflammatory state is reserved for sleep time. First, inflammation would cause serious cognitive and physical impairments if it were to occur during wake times. Second, inflammation may occur during sleep times due to the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract free radical production during this time.", "hi": "इसके विपरीत, जगने के समय के दौरान विभेदित प्रभावकारक कोशिकाएं, जैसे कि साइटोटॉक्सिक प्राकृतिक मारक कोशिकाओं और CTL (साइटोटॉक्सिक टी लिम्फोसाइट्स), किसी भी घुसने वाले रोगजनकों के खिलाफ प्रभावी प्रतिक्रिया हासिल करने के लिए चरम पर होते हैं। साथ ही जागृत सक्रिय समय के दौरान, सूजन विरोधी अणु, जैसे कि कोर्टिसोल और कैटेकोलामाइन, चरम पर होते हैं। दो सिद्धांत हैं कि क्यों सूजन सहायक अवस्था को सोने के समय के लिए आरक्षित किया जाता है। सबसे पहले, सूजन गंभीर संज्ञानात्मक और शारीरिक दुर्बलताओं का कारण बनती है अगर यह जागने के दौरान होती है। दूसरा, मेलाटोनिन की उपस्थिति के कारण नींद के समय में सूजन हो सकती है। सूजन ऑक्सीडेटिव तनाव का एक बड़ा कारण बनती है और नींद के समय मेलाटोनिन की उपस्थिति सक्रिय रूप से इस समय के दौरान मुक्त तत्वों के उत्पादन का प्रतिकार कर सकती है।" }

{ "en": "Inflammation occurs during sleep times because of the presence of what molecule?", "hi": "सोते समय सूजन किस अणु की उपस्थिति के कारण होती है?" }

{ "en": [ "melatonin" ], "hi": [ "मेलाटोनिन" ] }

{ "en": [ 600, 600, 600 ], "hi": [ 540 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", 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history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "In contrast, during wake periods differentiated effector cells, such as cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), peak in order to elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens. As well during awake active times, anti-inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines, peak. There are two theories as to why the pro-inflammatory state is reserved for sleep time. First, inflammation would cause serious cognitive and physical impairments if it were to occur during wake times. Second, inflammation may occur during sleep times due to the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract free radical production during this time.", "hi": "इसके विपरीत, जगने के समय के दौरान विभेदित प्रभावकारक कोशिकाएं, जैसे कि साइटोटॉक्सिक प्राकृतिक मारक कोशिकाओं और CTL (साइटोटॉक्सिक टी लिम्फोसाइट्स), किसी भी घुसने वाले रोगजनकों के खिलाफ प्रभावी प्रतिक्रिया हासिल करने के लिए चरम पर होते हैं। साथ ही जागृत सक्रिय समय के दौरान, सूजन विरोधी अणु, जैसे कि कोर्टिसोल और कैटेकोलामाइन, चरम पर होते हैं। दो सिद्धांत हैं कि क्यों सूजन सहायक अवस्था को सोने के समय के लिए आरक्षित किया जाता है। सबसे पहले, सूजन गंभीर संज्ञानात्मक और शारीरिक दुर्बलताओं का कारण बनती है अगर यह जागने के दौरान होती है। दूसरा, मेलाटोनिन की उपस्थिति के कारण नींद के समय में सूजन हो सकती है। सूजन ऑक्सीडेटिव तनाव का एक बड़ा कारण बनती है और नींद के समय मेलाटोनिन की उपस्थिति सक्रिय रूप से इस समय के दौरान मुक्त तत्वों के उत्पादन का प्रतिकार कर सकती है।" }

{ "en": "Melatonin during sleep can actively counteract the production of what?", "hi": "नींद के दौरान मेलाटोनिन सक्रिय रूप से किस के उत्पादन का मुकाबला कर सकता है?" }

{ "en": [ "free radical production" ], "hi": [ "मुक्त तत्वों के उत्पादन" ] }

{ "en": [ 739, 739, 739 ], "hi": [ 715 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", 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deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", 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Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors) exist only in jawed vertebrates. However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates, such as the lamprey and hagfish. These animals possess a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that, like the antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, are produced from only a small number (one or two) of genes. These molecules are believed to bind pathogenic antigens in a similar way to antibodies, and with the same degree of specificity.", "hi": "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली का विकास जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों के किसी पूर्वज में हुआ था। अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के कई प्राचीन अणु (जैसे, इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन और टी सेल अभिग्राहक) केवल जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों में मौजूद हैं। हालांकि, एक विशिष्ट लिम्फोसाइट-व्युत्पन्न अणु को आदिम बिना जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों में खोजा गया है, जैसे कि लैंप्री और हैगफिश। इन जानवरों में अणुओं की एक बड़ी श्रृंखला होती है, जिसे वैरिएबल लिम्फोसाइट अभिग्राहक (VLRs) कहा जाता है, जो जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों जीवों के प्रतिजन अभिग्राहक की तरह, केवल एक कम संख्या वाले (एक या दो) जीन से उत्पन्न होते हैं। इन अणुओं के बारे में माना जाता है कि वे रोगजनक एंटीजन को एंटीबॉडी के समान तरीके से, और सामान स्तर की विशिष्टता के साथ बांधते हैं।" }

{ "en": "What molecules of the adaptive immune system only exist in jawed vertebrates?", "hi": "अनुकूली प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के कौन से अणु केवल जबड़े वाली कशेरुकियों में मौजूद होते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors" ], "hi": [ "इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन और टी सेल अभिग्राहक" ] }

{ "en": [ 159, 159, 159 ], "hi": [ 139 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", 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deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", 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Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors) exist only in jawed vertebrates. However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates, such as the lamprey and hagfish. These animals possess a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that, like the antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, are produced from only a small number (one or two) of genes. These molecules are believed to bind pathogenic antigens in a similar way to antibodies, and with the same degree of specificity.", "hi": "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली का विकास जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों के किसी पूर्वज में हुआ था। अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के कई प्राचीन अणु (जैसे, इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन और टी सेल अभिग्राहक) केवल जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों में मौजूद हैं। हालांकि, एक विशिष्ट लिम्फोसाइट-व्युत्पन्न अणु को आदिम बिना जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों में खोजा गया है, जैसे कि लैंप्री और हैगफिश। इन जानवरों में अणुओं की एक बड़ी श्रृंखला होती है, जिसे वैरिएबल लिम्फोसाइट अभिग्राहक (VLRs) कहा जाता है, जो जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों जीवों के प्रतिजन अभिग्राहक की तरह, केवल एक कम संख्या वाले (एक या दो) जीन से उत्पन्न होते हैं। इन अणुओं के बारे में माना जाता है कि वे रोगजनक एंटीजन को एंटीबॉडी के समान तरीके से, और सामान स्तर की विशिष्टता के साथ बांधते हैं।" }

{ "en": "What are two examples of primitive jawless vertebrates?", "hi": "आदिम जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों के दो उदाहरण हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "the lamprey and hagfish" ], "hi": [ "लैंप्री और हैगफिश" ] }

{ "en": [ 340, 344, 340 ], "hi": [ 325 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", 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"Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. 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Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors) exist only in jawed vertebrates. However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates, such as the lamprey and hagfish. These animals possess a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that, like the antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, are produced from only a small number (one or two) of genes. These molecules are believed to bind pathogenic antigens in a similar way to antibodies, and with the same degree of specificity.", "hi": "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली का विकास जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों के किसी पूर्वज में हुआ था। अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के कई प्राचीन अणु (जैसे, इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन और टी सेल अभिग्राहक) केवल जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों में मौजूद हैं। हालांकि, एक विशिष्ट लिम्फोसाइट-व्युत्पन्न अणु को आदिम बिना जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों में खोजा गया है, जैसे कि लैंप्री और हैगफिश। इन जानवरों में अणुओं की एक बड़ी श्रृंखला होती है, जिसे वैरिएबल लिम्फोसाइट अभिग्राहक (VLRs) कहा जाता है, जो जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों जीवों के प्रतिजन अभिग्राहक की तरह, केवल एक कम संख्या वाले (एक या दो) जीन से उत्पन्न होते हैं। इन अणुओं के बारे में माना जाता है कि वे रोगजनक एंटीजन को एंटीबॉडी के समान तरीके से, और सामान स्तर की विशिष्टता के साथ बांधते हैं।" }

{ "en": "Primitive jawless vertebrates possess an array of receptors referred to as what?", "hi": "आदिम बिना जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों के पास अभिग्राहक की एक श्रृंखला को क्या कहा जाता है?" }

{ "en": [ "Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs)" ], "hi": [ "वैरिएबल लिम्फोसाइट अभिग्राहक (VLRs)" ] }

{ "en": [ 421, 421, 421 ], "hi": [ 399 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", "Actin", "Melanoma", "Parasitism", "Human genetic resistance to malaria", "Gluten immunochemistry", "Monoclonal antibody therapy", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Testicular immunology", "Evolution", "Radiation therapy", "Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea", "Development communication", "History and naming of human leukocyte antigens", "Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase", "Vitamin D", "Fungus", "Cancer treatment", "Autophagy", "Pyroptosis", "Immunologic adjuvant", "Antiviral drug", "Salmonella", "Subunit vaccine", "Brain", "Viral quasispecies", "MRNA vaccine", "HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer", "Leptin", "Immunotherapy", "CYP4F2", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Copper in biology", "Cellular senescence", "Addiction", "Rotavirus", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Tuberculosis", "Adoptive cell transfer", "DNA methylation", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lead poisoning", "Immune dysregulation", "Physiological effects in space", "Tuberculosis management", "Stress (biology)", "Cell nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Epstein–Barr virus", "Interleukin 2", "Cyanobacteria", "Dementia", "Papillomaviridae", "Action potential", "Index of oncology articles", "Anthrax", "Organ-on-a-chip", "Complete blood count", "Seroconversion", "Fibromyalgia", "5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Amphetamine", "Free fatty acid receptor 4", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Adult neurogenesis", "Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles", "Interleukin 6", "Oncolytic virus", "Artificial white blood cells", "Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes", "Pulpitis", "Folding@home", "G protein-coupled receptor", "Well-being contributing factors", "Colorectal cancer", "Stem-cell therapy", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Methylprednisolone", "Escherichia coli", "Cross-presentation", "Vitamin B12", "MHC class II", "Hygiene hypothesis", "Microbial toxin", "Adeno-associated virus", "Fish", "T helper 17 cell", "Cancer epigenetics", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", "Social history of viruses", "Cytokine delivery systems", "Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors) exist only in jawed vertebrates. However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates, such as the lamprey and hagfish. These animals possess a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that, like the antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, are produced from only a small number (one or two) of genes. These molecules are believed to bind pathogenic antigens in a similar way to antibodies, and with the same degree of specificity.", "hi": "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली का विकास जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों के किसी पूर्वज में हुआ था। अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के कई प्राचीन अणु (जैसे, इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन और टी सेल अभिग्राहक) केवल जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों में मौजूद हैं। हालांकि, एक विशिष्ट लिम्फोसाइट-व्युत्पन्न अणु को आदिम बिना जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों में खोजा गया है, जैसे कि लैंप्री और हैगफिश। इन जानवरों में अणुओं की एक बड़ी श्रृंखला होती है, जिसे वैरिएबल लिम्फोसाइट अभिग्राहक (VLRs) कहा जाता है, जो जबड़े वाले कशेरुकियों जीवों के प्रतिजन अभिग्राहक की तरह, केवल एक कम संख्या वाले (एक या दो) जीन से उत्पन्न होते हैं। इन अणुओं के बारे में माना जाता है कि वे रोगजनक एंटीजन को एंटीबॉडी के समान तरीके से, और सामान स्तर की विशिष्टता के साथ बांधते हैं।" }

{ "en": "Evolution of what part of the immune system occurred in the evolutionary ancestor of jawed vertebrates?", "hi": "जबड़े के कशेरुकियों के पूर्वजों के विकास में प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के किस हिस्से का विकास हुआ?" }

{ "en": [ "adaptive immune system" ], "hi": [ "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली" ] }

{ "en": [ 17, 17, 125 ], "hi": [ 0 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", 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nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", 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"Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis 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"Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", 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"Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes (amino acids and/or sugars) on the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation. An example is HIV, which mutates rapidly, so the proteins on its viral envelope that are essential for entry into its host target cell are constantly changing. These frequent changes in antigens may explain the failures of vaccines directed at this virus. The parasite Trypanosoma brucei uses a similar strategy, constantly switching one type of surface protein for another, allowing it to stay one step ahead of the antibody response. Masking antigens with host molecules is another common strategy for avoiding detection by the immune system. In HIV, the envelope that covers the virion is formed from the outermost membrane of the host cell; such \"self-cloaked\" viruses make it difficult for the immune system to identify them as \"non-self\" structures.", "hi": "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली से बचने के लिए उपयोग किए जाने वाले तंत्र अधिक जटिल हैं। सबसे आसान तरीका है रोगजनक की सतह पर गैर-आवश्यक एपिटोप्स (अमीनो एसिड और/या शर्करा) को तेजी से बदलना, जबकि आवश्यक एपिटोप्स को छुपाए रखना। इसे प्रतिजन भिन्नता कहा जाता है। एक उदाहरण एचआईवी है, जो तेजी से उत्परिवर्तित करता है, इसलिए इसके वायरल आवरण पर प्रोटीन जो इसके मेजबान लक्ष्य सेल में प्रवेश के लिए आवश्यक हैं, लगातार बदलते रहते हैं। एंटीजन में ये लगातार परिवर्तन इस वायरस पर निर्देशित टीकों की विफलताओं की व्याख्या कर सकते हैं। परजीवी ट्रिपैनोसोमा ब्रूसी एक समान रणनीति का उपयोग करता है, लगातार एक प्रकार की सतह प्रोटीन को दूसरे के साथ बदलता रहता है, जिससे यह एंटीबॉडी प्रतिक्रिया से एक कदम आगे रहता है। मेजबान अणुओं के साथ एंटीजन को ढकना प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली द्वारा पता लगाने से बचने के लिए एक और आम रणनीति है। एचआईवी में, विषाणु को ढ़कने वाला आवरण मेजबान सेल के सबसे बाहरी झिल्ली से बनता है; ऐसे \"स्व-आच्छादित\" वायरस प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के लिए उन्हें \"गैर-स्वयं\" संरचनाओं के रूप में पहचानना मुश्किल बनाते हैं।" }

{ "en": "What is the process by which the adaptive immune system is evaded by the chainging of non-essential epitopes called?", "hi": "वह प्रक्रिया क्या है जिसके द्वारा गैर-आवश्यक एपिटोप्स से बचने के लिए अनुकूली प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को विकसित किया जाता है?" }

{ "en": [ "antigenic variation" ], "hi": [ "प्रतिजन भिन्नता" ] }

{ "en": [ 263, 263, 263 ], "hi": [ 224 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", 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history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes (amino acids and/or sugars) on the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation. An example is HIV, which mutates rapidly, so the proteins on its viral envelope that are essential for entry into its host target cell are constantly changing. These frequent changes in antigens may explain the failures of vaccines directed at this virus. The parasite Trypanosoma brucei uses a similar strategy, constantly switching one type of surface protein for another, allowing it to stay one step ahead of the antibody response. Masking antigens with host molecules is another common strategy for avoiding detection by the immune system. In HIV, the envelope that covers the virion is formed from the outermost membrane of the host cell; such \"self-cloaked\" viruses make it difficult for the immune system to identify them as \"non-self\" structures.", "hi": "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली से बचने के लिए उपयोग किए जाने वाले तंत्र अधिक जटिल हैं। सबसे आसान तरीका है रोगजनक की सतह पर गैर-आवश्यक एपिटोप्स (अमीनो एसिड और/या शर्करा) को तेजी से बदलना, जबकि आवश्यक एपिटोप्स को छुपाए रखना। इसे प्रतिजन भिन्नता कहा जाता है। एक उदाहरण एचआईवी है, जो तेजी से उत्परिवर्तित करता है, इसलिए इसके वायरल आवरण पर प्रोटीन जो इसके मेजबान लक्ष्य सेल में प्रवेश के लिए आवश्यक हैं, लगातार बदलते रहते हैं। एंटीजन में ये लगातार परिवर्तन इस वायरस पर निर्देशित टीकों की विफलताओं की व्याख्या कर सकते हैं। परजीवी ट्रिपैनोसोमा ब्रूसी एक समान रणनीति का उपयोग करता है, लगातार एक प्रकार की सतह प्रोटीन को दूसरे के साथ बदलता रहता है, जिससे यह एंटीबॉडी प्रतिक्रिया से एक कदम आगे रहता है। मेजबान अणुओं के साथ एंटीजन को ढकना प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली द्वारा पता लगाने से बचने के लिए एक और आम रणनीति है। एचआईवी में, विषाणु को ढ़कने वाला आवरण मेजबान सेल के सबसे बाहरी झिल्ली से बनता है; ऐसे \"स्व-आच्छादित\" वायरस प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के लिए उन्हें \"गैर-स्वयं\" संरचनाओं के रूप में पहचानना मुश्किल बनाते हैं।" }

{ "en": "What is an example of a virus that uses antigenic variation?", "hi": "एंटीजन की भिन्नता का उपयोग करने वाले वायरस के उदाहरण क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "HIV" ], "hi": [ "एचआईवी" ] }

{ "en": [ 298, 298, 298 ], "hi": [ 263 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", 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"Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes (amino acids and/or sugars) on the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation. An example is HIV, which mutates rapidly, so the proteins on its viral envelope that are essential for entry into its host target cell are constantly changing. These frequent changes in antigens may explain the failures of vaccines directed at this virus. The parasite Trypanosoma brucei uses a similar strategy, constantly switching one type of surface protein for another, allowing it to stay one step ahead of the antibody response. Masking antigens with host molecules is another common strategy for avoiding detection by the immune system. In HIV, the envelope that covers the virion is formed from the outermost membrane of the host cell; such \"self-cloaked\" viruses make it difficult for the immune system to identify them as \"non-self\" structures.", "hi": "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली से बचने के लिए उपयोग किए जाने वाले तंत्र अधिक जटिल हैं। सबसे आसान तरीका है रोगजनक की सतह पर गैर-आवश्यक एपिटोप्स (अमीनो एसिड और/या शर्करा) को तेजी से बदलना, जबकि आवश्यक एपिटोप्स को छुपाए रखना। इसे प्रतिजन भिन्नता कहा जाता है। एक उदाहरण एचआईवी है, जो तेजी से उत्परिवर्तित करता है, इसलिए इसके वायरल आवरण पर प्रोटीन जो इसके मेजबान लक्ष्य सेल में प्रवेश के लिए आवश्यक हैं, लगातार बदलते रहते हैं। एंटीजन में ये लगातार परिवर्तन इस वायरस पर निर्देशित टीकों की विफलताओं की व्याख्या कर सकते हैं। परजीवी ट्रिपैनोसोमा ब्रूसी एक समान रणनीति का उपयोग करता है, लगातार एक प्रकार की सतह प्रोटीन को दूसरे के साथ बदलता रहता है, जिससे यह एंटीबॉडी प्रतिक्रिया से एक कदम आगे रहता है। मेजबान अणुओं के साथ एंटीजन को ढकना प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली द्वारा पता लगाने से बचने के लिए एक और आम रणनीति है। एचआईवी में, विषाणु को ढ़कने वाला आवरण मेजबान सेल के सबसे बाहरी झिल्ली से बनता है; ऐसे \"स्व-आच्छादित\" वायरस प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के लिए उन्हें \"गैर-स्वयं\" संरचनाओं के रूप में पहचानना मुश्किल बनाते हैं।" }

{ "en": "What is an example of a parasite that used the antigenic variation strategy to evade destruction?", "hi": "परजीवी का एक उदाहरण क्या है जिसने नष्ट होने से बचने के लिए प्रतिजनी भिन्नता की रणनीति का उपयोग किया?" }

{ "en": [ "Trypanosoma brucei" ], "hi": [ "ट्रिपैनोसोमा ब्रूसी" ] }

{ "en": [ 553, 553, 553 ], "hi": [ 521 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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"Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes (amino acids and/or sugars) on the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation. An example is HIV, which mutates rapidly, so the proteins on its viral envelope that are essential for entry into its host target cell are constantly changing. These frequent changes in antigens may explain the failures of vaccines directed at this virus. The parasite Trypanosoma brucei uses a similar strategy, constantly switching one type of surface protein for another, allowing it to stay one step ahead of the antibody response. Masking antigens with host molecules is another common strategy for avoiding detection by the immune system. In HIV, the envelope that covers the virion is formed from the outermost membrane of the host cell; such \"self-cloaked\" viruses make it difficult for the immune system to identify them as \"non-self\" structures.", "hi": "अनुकूलित प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली से बचने के लिए उपयोग किए जाने वाले तंत्र अधिक जटिल हैं। सबसे आसान तरीका है रोगजनक की सतह पर गैर-आवश्यक एपिटोप्स (अमीनो एसिड और/या शर्करा) को तेजी से बदलना, जबकि आवश्यक एपिटोप्स को छुपाए रखना। इसे प्रतिजन भिन्नता कहा जाता है। एक उदाहरण एचआईवी है, जो तेजी से उत्परिवर्तित करता है, इसलिए इसके वायरल आवरण पर प्रोटीन जो इसके मेजबान लक्ष्य सेल में प्रवेश के लिए आवश्यक हैं, लगातार बदलते रहते हैं। एंटीजन में ये लगातार परिवर्तन इस वायरस पर निर्देशित टीकों की विफलताओं की व्याख्या कर सकते हैं। परजीवी ट्रिपैनोसोमा ब्रूसी एक समान रणनीति का उपयोग करता है, लगातार एक प्रकार की सतह प्रोटीन को दूसरे के साथ बदलता रहता है, जिससे यह एंटीबॉडी प्रतिक्रिया से एक कदम आगे रहता है। मेजबान अणुओं के साथ एंटीजन को ढकना प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली द्वारा पता लगाने से बचने के लिए एक और आम रणनीति है। एचआईवी में, विषाणु को ढ़कने वाला आवरण मेजबान सेल के सबसे बाहरी झिल्ली से बनता है; ऐसे \"स्व-आच्छादित\" वायरस प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के लिए उन्हें \"गैर-स्वयं\" संरचनाओं के रूप में पहचानना मुश्किल बनाते हैं।" }

{ "en": "What compounds can be masked with the molecules of the host cell in order for a virus to evade detection?", "hi": "वायरस का पता लगाने के लिए मेजबान सेल के अणुओं के साथ कौन से यौगिकों को छिपाया जा सकता है?" }

{ "en": [ "antigens" ], "hi": [ "एंटीजन" ] }

{ "en": [ 728, 728, 728 ], "hi": [ 710 ] }

[ "STEM.Biology", "STEM.Medicine & Health", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Immune system", "Adaptive immune system", "Murine respirovirus", "Innate immune system", "Macrophage", "Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases", "Phagocyte", "Innate lymphoid cell", "Natural killer cell", "T helper cell", "T cell", "Antibody", "Cancer immunotherapy", "Inflammation", "Virus", "Gamma delta T cell", "Induced stem cells", "Polyclonal B cell response", "DNA vaccine", "Lupus", "Influenza", "Regulatory T cell", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Immune tolerance", "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Infection", "Cytotoxic T cell", "HIV", "Outline of immunology", "Chemotherapy", "Interferon gamma", "Allergy", "Hepatitis", "Microbial symbiosis and immunity", "Crohn's disease", "RNA interference", "Alveolar macrophage", "Toll-like receptor", "Carcinogenesis", "Lymphopoiesis", "Inflammasome", "Helicobacter pylori", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Vitamin A", "Bacteria", "Plasma cell dyscrasias", "N-Acylethanolamine", "Sepsis", "Gut-associated lymphoid tissue", "Lyme disease", "Melioidosis", "Tumor microenvironment", "Endogenous retrovirus", "Apoptosis", "Epigenetics", "Fc receptor", "Proteasome", "Autoimmunity", "Microglia", "Gut microbiota", "Interleukin-1 family", "Ulcerative colitis", "Breastfeeding", "Biofilm", "CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Mucosal-associated invariant T cell", "Ovarian cancer", "Sjögren syndrome", "Immune response", "Immunology", "Synthetic biology", "HIV/AIDS", "Multiple sclerosis", "Wound healing", "Cystic fibrosis", "Xenotransplantation", "Transforming growth factor beta", "Vaccine", "Management of HIV/AIDS", "Lipopolysaccharide", "Genetically modified organism", "Type 1 diabetes", "Microvesicle", "Mast cell", "CRISPR gene editing", "Autoimmune disease", "Lactobacillus vaccine", "Interferon", "Gene therapy", "T-cell receptor", "Ebola", "NF-κB", "Signal transduction", "Survivin", "Antigen-presenting cell", "Antibiotic", "Thymus", "Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders", "Cortisol", "Acne", "Antigen", "Chloroplast", "Cell signaling", "Human microbiome", "Antimicrobial resistance", "Immunosuppressive drug", "Ozone", "Complement system", "Sulfatide", "Lymphocyte", "Dopamine", "Skeletal muscle", "Malaria", "Food allergy", "Nerve guidance conduit", "Human leukocyte antigen", "Horse colic", "Evidence of common descent", "Severe cutaneous adverse reactions", "Toxoplasmosis", "Osteopontin", "Human nutrition", "Plant disease resistance", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Dendritic cell", "Passive antibody therapy", "CRISPR", "Cat food", "Mitochondrion", "CAR T cell", "Molecular mimicry", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Anticancer gene", "Cholestasis", "Pneumonia", "Eosinophilia", "Reactive oxygen species", "Superantigen", "MicroRNA", "Immunological memory", "Thomas P. Stossel", "Coeliac disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Leptospirosis", "Marine life", "Protein", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Biology", "Neuroinflammation", "Epigenetics of physical exercise", "RNA therapeutics", "Neutrophil", "Dipshikha Chakravortty", "Breast cancer", "Bruce Beutler", "Human brain", "Dengue fever", "ATP-binding cassette transporter", "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor", "Humoral immunity", "Phagosome", "Heat shock protein", "Meningitis", "Human papillomavirus infection", "Multiple myeloma", "Joseph Lister", "Avian immune system", "Free fatty acid receptor 2", "DNA", "Smallpox", "Serotonin", "Nutritional neuroscience", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Memory B cell", "Psychoneuroimmunology", "Lymphatic system", "Cancer stem cell", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps", "Viral pathogenesis", "Host tropism", "Introduction to viruses", "Lung", "Invasion (cancer)", "Immunity (medicine)", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein", "Neutralizing antibody", 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nucleus", "Biosensor", "Treatment of equine lameness", "Perlecan", "GATA2 deficiency", "Homologous recombination", "COVID-19 testing", "Glucocorticoid", "Causes of autism", "Morphine", "Cell-mediated immunity", "Mucosal immunology", "Influenza vaccine", "Red imported fire ant", "Hepatitis B", "Leishmania", "Plant defense against herbivory", "Nervous system", "Insulin", "Homeostasis", "Visceral leishmaniasis", "Follicular lymphoma", "Maternal effect", "Tissue engineering", "P-i mechanism", "Ubiquitin", "History of life", "Health effects of Bisphenol A", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic fatigue syndrome", "Colostrum", "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children", "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Interleukin", "Alzheimer's disease", "Ataxia–telangiectasia", "Sleep deprivation", "Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases", "Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma", "Biological functions of nitric oxide", "Opsonin", "Health effects of tobacco", "Wnt signaling pathway", 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"Interleukin 17", "Hemoglobin", "Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1", "Serpin", "Genome editing", "Toll-like receptor 4", "Exosome (vesicle)", "O-GlcNAc", "Phage therapy", "Metabolism", "Chernobyl disaster", "Hypoxia (medicine)", "White blood cell", "RNA-directed DNA methylation", "Toll-like receptor 9", "Lipoxin", "Stromal cell", "Heart", "HLA-A", "Immunoglobulin E", "Archaea", "Stem-cell niche", "Anabolic steroid", "Neuroimmune system", "Zebrafish", "Sonodynamic therapy", "Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type", "Nonspecific immune cell", "Chemokine", "Leukotriene B4 receptor 2", "Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms", "Jan Klein", "Aspirin", "Pre-eclampsia", "Antigen processing", "Schistosomiasis", "Fish anatomy", "Diabetes management", "Co-receptor", "Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase", "History of medicine", "Lung cancer", "Biology of depression", "Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS", "Proteomics", "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency", "TRPV1", "Milk allergy", "Stem cell", "Quorum sensing", "Respiratory system", "Measles", "Clonal hypereosinophilia", "Eicosanoid", "Autoinflammatory diseases", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis", "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance", "Lipid raft", "Mosquito bite allergy", "Antibody-dependent enhancement", "Asthma-related microbes", "Genetics", "Polio", "Marine microorganisms", "Mutation", "Cell cycle", "Asthma", "Cocaine", "Memory", "Inflammaging", "Type 3 innate lymphoid cells", "X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency", "Chemorepulsion", "Human herpesvirus 6", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Preterm birth", "Memory T cell", "Attachment theory", "Alloimmunity", "Human digestive system", "Mannose receptor", "Lipid signaling", "Photodynamic therapy", "Vagina", "Gene expression", "South African labour law", "Tyrosine kinase", "Rheumatic fever", "Antinuclear antibody", "Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor", "Interleukin 15", "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2", "Evolutionary history of plants", "Evolutionary psychology", "Animal testing", "TRPV6", "Epilepsy", "Lipid bilayer", "Circadian rhythm", "Stroke", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Infant mortality", "NKG2D", "Intraepithelial lymphocyte", "Aggression", "Endothelial cell tropism", "Reelin", "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Viral phylodynamics", "Red blood cell", "Janus kinase 3", "Macfarlane Burnet", "Interleukin-17A", "Metal–organic framework", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Botany", "Arsenic poisoning", "Protective autoimmunity", "Dog health", "Amphibian", "Phycodnaviridae", "Antigen presentation", "Nicotine", "Regulatory B cell", "Proteases in angiogenesis", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Hookworm infection", "Candida albicans", "Frog", "Extrachromosomal DNA", "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "Enzyme inhibitor", "Ultraviolet", "Heterologous expression", "Cultured meat", "Opioid", "Epitranscriptome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Arabidopsis thaliana", "Chronic wound", "Ocular immune system", "Neanderthal", "History of HIV/AIDS", "Microchimerism", "Adolescence", "Genetically modified food", "Causes of cancer", "Enzyme", "Adipose tissue", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "Fear", "Peptidoglycan", "Diffuse panbronchiolitis", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Testosterone", "Cell membrane", "Cd1-restricted T cell", "Antigenic variation", "Sickle cell disease", "COVID-19 misinformation", "HIV/AIDS research", "Artificial cell", "Vectors in gene therapy", "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders", "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "Chagas disease", "Vitamin C", "Host switch", "Somatic evolution in cancer", "CCR5", "Gene silencing", "Nanosponges", "Atherosclerosis", "Herpes simplex research", "Specialized pro-resolving mediators", "Zanvil A. Cohn", "Prion", "Mammal", "Ixodes holocyclus", "Insect morphology", "Monoclonal antibody", "Germinal center", "Pancreatic cancer", "Brain tumor", "Gene", "Myokine", "Cell encapsulation", "Angiogenesis", "Spanish flu", "Jonathan C. Kagan", "Cellular differentiation", "Mold health issues", "Evolution of sexual reproduction", "Nucleoid", "Cell–cell interaction", "Neonatal infection", "Pandemic prevention", "Pathogenic Escherichia coli", "DNA damage (naturally occurring)", "Postpartum psychosis", "Monocyte", "Bone", "Depression and immune function", "Human body", "Mitophagy", "Transplant rejection", "Human genetic enhancement", "Kawasaki disease", "Polyclonal antibodies", "Liver", "Autoimmune disease in women", "NMDA receptor", "Cancer vaccine", "Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes", "CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway", "MTOR", "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis", "Thyroid", "Myocarditis", "Source attribution", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Endocrine disruptor", "Immunopathology", "Risk factors of schizophrenia", "Schizophrenia", "Childbirth", "Yersinia pestis", "Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy", "Endometrial cancer", "Plasma cell", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Hairy cell leukemia", "Human betaherpesvirus 5", "Tooth decay", "Mesothelioma", "Light in painting", "Zinc", "Cytokine", "B cell growth and differentiation factors", "Autism spectrum", "Colony collapse disorder", "Prostate cancer", "Huntington's disease", "Sense", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Short course immune induction therapy", "Plant hormone", "Institutional racism", "Retinol", "Urinalysis", "5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid", "Thymocyte", "Ecology", "MTORC1", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease", "Tumor necrosis factor", "Histamine", "Sleep and memory", "Mammalian kidney", "Immunoglobulin therapy", "Western honey bee", "Meconium aspiration syndrome", "RNA world", "Phagocytosis", "Fever", "Yellow fever", "Magnesium in biology", "Harmful algal bloom", "Soil", "Heart failure", "Aplastic anemia", "Estrogen", "Hypersensitive response", "Duffy antigen system", "Thromboxane receptor", "Adenoviridae", "Cholesterol", "The Dresden Files characters", "Metastatic breast cancer", "Glycolysis", "Epithelioid sarcoma", "Chemotaxis", "Macrophage polarization", "Bacteriophage", "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1", "Purinergic signalling", "Free fatty acid receptor 3", "Hippocampus", "Ethnomusicology", "Biofeedback", "Sleep", "South African criminal law", "Glucose", "Paracrine signaling", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Marine viruses", "HLA-DM", "Diseases of poverty", "Galectin", "Succinic acid", "Interleukin 19", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Plasma gelsolin", "Iron", "Human sexuality", "Siderophore", "Group B streptococcal infection", "Nutritional immunology", "Periodontal disease", "Insulin (medication)", "MTOR inhibitors", "Odor", "Interleukin 1 beta", "Circular RNA", "ALS", "Astrocyte", "Long-term effects of alcohol", "Programmed cell death protein 1", "Allorecognition", "Ungulate protoparvovirus 1", "Regeneration (biology)", "MHC class I", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Lymph node", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight", "Fine chemical", "CD80", "Atrial fibrillation", "Digestion", "Obstructive sleep apnea", "B10 cell", "Pancreas", "Feminizing hormone therapy", "CSNK1D", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism therapies", "Genetically modified animal", "Cereblon E3 ligase modulator", "Cephalopod", "Neuron", "Embodied cognition", "Human genome", "Alcohol (drug)", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging", "Reproductive immunology", "Benzodiazepine", "Medical microbiology", "Natural product", "Endometriosis", "Adrenal gland", "Cell culture", "Neurotoxin", "Influenza A virus subtype H5N1", "Penicillin", "Leukocyte extravasation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Bacterial motility", "Cell–cell recognition", "Helminthic therapy", "History of Australia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell", "Telomerase", "Immunogenic cell death", "Silver nanoparticle", "Physiology of decompression", "Puberty", "Neurodegenerative disease", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Keith W. Kelley", "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity", "Virotherapy", "Primary effusion lymphoma", "Lck", "Coronavirus spike protein", "Microbiome", "International Space Station", "Taste", "Ticks of domestic animals", "Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry", "DNA sequencing", "Granulocyte", "Bronchiectasis", "Egg allergy", "Cattle", "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "Major depressive disorder", "Virology", "Biomarker (medicine)", "Physiology of underwater diving", "Bio-MEMS", "Abiogenesis", "Immunocontraception", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Notch signaling pathway", "Logology (science)", "Bladder cancer", "Recent human evolution", "Bird", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lemur", "Tartan", "Immune privilege", "Pemphigoid", "Gliosis", "In vitro fertilisation", "Long non-coding RNA", "HPV vaccine", "Air pollution", "Carnivorous plant", "Network neuroscience", "Dengue virus", "Common ostrich", "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Cerebral palsy", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Developmental psychology", "Invasive species", "Antimicrobial peptides", "Lymphoma", "Endocannabinoid system", "NFAT", "Gluten-related disorders", "List of Garo characters", "Eosinophil", "Cholera", "Caffeine", "HLA-F", "Depressant", "Catenin beta-1", "Coagulation", "Protein phosphorylation", "HLA-DQ", "Breast milk", "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition", "TRPV2", "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid", "Toothache", "Hypersensitivity", "Western blot", "Interleukin 10", "MHC restriction", "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction", "Microorganism", "GroEL", "Snake venom", "History of evolutionary thought", "Prostaglandin EP2 receptor", "Prostacyclin receptor", "Hemolytic–uremic syndrome", "Archaeal virus", "Minor histocompatibility antigen", "G-quadruplex", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Malnutrition", "Ketotifen", "Arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Guillain–Barré syndrome", "Programmed cell death", "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Protein–protein interaction", "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "Microbiota", "Cerebellum", "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine", "Kidney transplantation", "Hormone", "History of chemistry", "Secreted frizzled-related protein 1", "Networked advocacy", "European Union law", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Dementia with Lewy bodies", "Biology and sexual orientation", "Human iron metabolism", "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis", "Poliovirus", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Skin immunity", "Genetic engineering techniques", "List of dangerous snakes", "Psychology", "Agriculture in California", "History of the nude in art", "Birth defect", "Tolerogenic dendritic cell", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Lepidoptera", "History of Earth", "De novo gene birth", "Acute myeloid leukemia", "PRDM1", "Coronavirus", "Toll-like receptor 2", "Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome", "Vaccination", "Liver support system", "Priming (immunology)", "Endocrine system", "Permian–Triassic extinction event", "CCL18", "Tissue-resident memory T cell", "Magnesium transporter", "Intestinal mucosal barrier", "Pestivirus", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Neisseria meningitidis", "Cellular adoptive immunotherapy", "Brain–computer interface", "Public health genomics", "Natural killer T cell", "Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related", "Graft-versus-host disease", "Oral candidiasis", "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor", "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol", "Origin of language", "Protein targeting", "Chikungunya", "Domestic violence", "Mosquito-borne disease", "Hedgehog signaling pathway", "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell", "CD19", "Jellyfish", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "Giardiasis", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ecoimmunology", "Hepatitis C", "Obesity", "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds", "Millennials", "TMEM211", "Co-stimulation", "Dictyostelium discoideum", "Content theory", "Crocodilia", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Eukaryotic DNA replication", "Retinoblastoma protein", "Feline immunodeficiency virus", "Boron", "Hapten", "Hypothyroidism", "Management of multiple sclerosis", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity", "Atopic dermatitis", "Index of biochemistry articles", "Aquaculture", "Genetic engineering", "Social media", "Tumor hypoxia", "Leprosy", "Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease", "Inflammatory cytokine", "SNX8", "Race and health in the United States", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Physical attractiveness", "Anti-dsDNA antibodies", "C-reactive protein", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Paneth cell", "Shingles", "Glutamate receptor", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Cytokine-induced killer cell", "2009 swine flu pandemic", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Diabetic foot ulcer", "Fish physiology", "P53", "Immunoediting", "Proteolysis", "Antidepressant", "Cooper's hawk", "Sponge", "Head and neck cancer", "Variants of SARS-CoV-2", "Protein C", "Health in Nepal", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis", "Native Americans in the United States", "Colloidal gold", "Bat", "Classical complement pathway", "Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS", "Decompression theory", "Viral transformation", "Clonal anergy", "Disease", "Lymphotoxin alpha", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", "Autoimmune urticaria", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Embryonic stem cell", "Marine prokaryotes", "Spinal cord injury", "Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease", "Developmental bioelectricity", "Beluga whale", "Paul Ehrlich", "Lymphocyte-activation gene 3", "Genetically modified crops", "Immune network theory", "Butyric acid", "Computational immunology", "Reading", "Oncovirus", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Alkali metal", "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "Human skin", "History of penicillin", "United Kingdom labour law", "12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "Urine test strip", "Cell (biology)", "Life extension", "Cell adhesion", "Psychosis", "Intestine transplantation", "Modafinil", "Traumatic brain injury", "Sexual dimorphism", "Swine influenza", "Blood", "Consciousness", "PD-L1", "Myocardial infarction", "Pharmacoepigenetics", "Sirolimus", "Sport psychology", "Graphene", "Metastasis", "Damage-associated molecular pattern", "Rapid eye movement sleep", "Histone acetylation and deacetylation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "Anorexia nervosa", "MARCO", "Emotion", "Women in science", "Blood transfusion", "Granzyme", "Mental disorder", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Lactoferrin", "Model organism", "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Hypoxia in fish", "Sheep", "Hives", "Domestic rabbit", "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor", "Diving rebreather", "Economic history of the United States", "Anatomy", "E-selectin", "Microbial genetics", "Thymidine kinase", "Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system", "Alternative splicing", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Hematopoietic stem cell", "R gene", "Ultrasensitivity" ]

{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "After the Peterloo massacre what poet wrote The Massacre of Anarchy?", "hi": "पीटरलू हत्याकांड के बाद किस कवि ने द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखा था?" }

{ "en": [ "Percy Shelley" ], "hi": [ "पर्सी शेली" ] }

{ "en": [ 46, 46, 46, 46, 46 ], "hi": [ 35 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. 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{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "His poem is considered the first kind of what type of protest?", "hi": "उनकी कविता को किस पहले तरह का विरोध माना जाता है?" }

{ "en": [ "nonviolent" ], "hi": [ "अहिंसक" ] }

{ "en": [ 349, 70, 349, 349, 349 ], "hi": [ 264 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. 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Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. 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{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "Inspired by Shelley what was the name of Gandhi's doctrine?", "hi": "शेली से प्रेरित होने वाले गांधी के सिद्धांत का नाम क्या था?" }

{ "en": [ "Satyagraha" ], "hi": [ "सत्याग्रह" ] }

{ "en": [ 519, 498, 498, 519, 498 ], "hi": [ 482 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. 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Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. 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Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. 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{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "Gandhi often referenced Shelley's poem in his efforts to do what? ", "hi": "गांधी ने अक्सर अपने किस बात के प्रयासों में शेली की कविता का संदर्भ दिया था?" }

{ "en": [ "free India" ], "hi": [ "भारत आज़ादी" ] }

{ "en": [ 755, 755, 740, 596, 729 ], "hi": [ 618 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "What famous author used similarity and likeness of Percy Shelly in his writing?", "hi": "किस प्रसिद्ध लेखक ने अपने लेखन में पर्सी शेली की समानता और पसंद का उपयोग किया?" }

{ "en": [ "Henry David Thoreau" ], "hi": [ "हेनरी डेविड थोरो" ] }

{ "en": [ 406, 472, 406, 406, 472 ], "hi": [ 327 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. 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{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "Who wrote the poem The Mark of Anarchy?", "hi": "द मार्क ऑफ एनार्की कविता किसने लिखी है?" }

{ "en": [ "Percy Shelley" ], "hi": [ "पर्सी शेली" ] }

{ "en": [ 46, 46, 46, 46, 46 ], "hi": [ 35 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "The Mark of Anarchy was written to protest against what?", "hi": "द मार्क ऑफ एनार्की को किसके विरोध में लिखा गया था?" }

{ "en": [ "unjust forms of authority" ], "hi": [ "अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप" ] }

{ "en": [ 179, 14, 179, 175, 14 ], "hi": [ 170 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. 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Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. 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Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. 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Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "What was the principle shown in The Mark of Anarchy?", "hi": "द मार्क ऑफ एनार्की में क्या सिद्धांत दिखाया गया था?" }

{ "en": [ "principle of nonviolent protest" ], "hi": [ "अहिंसक विरोध" ] }

{ "en": [ 336, 349, 349, 349, 349 ], "hi": [ 264 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. 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{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "What was Ghandi's work called?", "hi": "गांधी के कार्य को क्या कहा जाता था?" }

{ "en": [ "doctrine of Satyagraha" ], "hi": [ "सत्याग्रह" ] }

{ "en": [ 486, 519, 519, 519, 498 ], "hi": [ 482 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. 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{ "en": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "hi": "1819 के पीटरलू नरसंहार के बाद, कवि पर्सी शेली ने उस वर्ष की राजनैतिक कविता द मास्क ऑफ एनार्की लिखी थी, जिसकी शुरुआत उन छवियों के साथ होती है जो उनके हिसाब से अपने समय के अधिकार के अन्यायपूर्ण रूप थे—और फिर सामाजिक क्रिया के एक नए रूप की हलचल की कल्पना है। यह शायद अहिंसक विरोध के सिद्धांत का पहला आधुनिक [अस्पष्ट] कथन है। लेखक हेनरी डेविड थोरो द्वारा अपने निबंध में सविनय अवज्ञा का एक संस्करण लिया गया था और बाद में सत्याग्रह के अपने सिद्धांत में गांधी द्वारा लिया गया था। गांधी का सत्याग्रह विरोध और राजनीतिक कार्रवाई शेली की अहिंसा से आंशिक रूप से प्रभावित और प्रेरित था। विशेष रूप से, यह भी ज्ञात है कि गांधी अक्सर भारत आज़ादी अभियान के दौरान विशाल दर्शकों के लिए शेली की मास्क ऑफ़ अनार्की का उद्धरण करते थे।" }

{ "en": "Which famous Indian practiced civil disobedience?", "hi": "किस प्रसिद्ध भारतीय ने सविनय अवज्ञा का अभ्यास किया?" }

{ "en": [ "Gandhi" ], "hi": [ "गांधी" ] }

{ "en": [ 472, 658, 472, 472, 472 ], "hi": [ 447 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. 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Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. 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{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "What is it called when there is an active attempt to overthrow a government or belief system?", "hi": "जब किसी सरकार या विश्वास प्रणाली को उखाड़ फेंकने की सक्रिय कोशिश होती है तो इसे क्या कहा जाता है?" }

{ "en": [ "Revolutionary civil disobedience" ], "hi": [ "क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा" ] }

{ "en": [ 298, 298, 298, 298, 298 ], "hi": [ 311 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "What group of people performed revolutionary civil disobedience toward the Austrian government?", "hi": "लोगों के किसके नेतृत्व में ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के प्रति क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा का प्रदर्शन किया?" }

{ "en": [ "Hungarians" ], "hi": [ "हंगेरियन" ] }

{ "en": [ 716, 716, 712, 716, 716 ], "hi": [ 754 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "The Hungarians performed this civil disobedience under the direction of what person?", "hi": "हंगरी के लोगों ने किस व्यक्ति के निर्देशन में इस सविनय अवज्ञा का प्रदर्शन किया?" }

{ "en": [ "Ferenc Deák" ], "hi": [ "फेरेन डेक" ] }

{ "en": [ 733, 733, 733, 733, 733 ], "hi": [ 729 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "Revolutionary civil disobedience towards culture is highlighted by example of who? ", "hi": "संस्कृति के प्रति क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा किसके उदाहरण से उजागर होती है?" }

{ "en": [ "Gandhi's" ], "hi": [ "गांधी के" ] }

{ "en": [ 616, 616, 616, 616 ], "hi": [ 625 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. 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Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "What other topics can Civil disobedience pertain to?", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा से अन्य कौन से विषय हो सकते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs" ], "hi": [ "सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं" ] }

{ "en": [ 400, 653, 393, 400, 876 ], "hi": [ 388 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "What is a simple form of civil disobedience?", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा का एक सरल रूप क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "disobedience of laws" ], "hi": [ "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे" ] }

{ "en": [ 49, 0, 0, 0, 509 ], "hi": [ 0 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. 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Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. 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Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. 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Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. 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Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. 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{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "Why would a person chose civil disobedience against specific laws?", "hi": "एक व्यक्ति ने विशिष्ट कानूनों के खिलाफ सविनय अवज्ञा को क्यों चुनेगा?" }

{ "en": [ "judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience" ], "hi": [ "उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर" ] }

{ "en": [ 99, 90, 90, 203, 90 ], "hi": [ 84 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. 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Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "What is the goal of individual civil disobedience?", "hi": "व्यक्तिगत सविनय अवज्ञा का लक्ष्य क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "render certain laws ineffective" ], "hi": [ "कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में" ] }

{ "en": [ 170, 167, 170, 165, 167 ], "hi": [ 141 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "What type of civil disobedience is larger scale?", "hi": "किस प्रकार की सविनय अवज्ञा बड़े पैमाने पर होती है?" }

{ "en": [ "Revolutionary civil disobedience" ], "hi": [ "क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा" ] }

{ "en": [ 298, 298, 298, 298, 298 ], "hi": [ 311 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. 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Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. 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{ "en": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution\", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler, and others have identified the right espoused in The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience. ", "hi": "गैर-क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा उन कानूनों की एक सरल अवज्ञा है जिन्हे इस आधार पर जिसमे उन्हें एक व्यक्तिगत विवेक द्वारा \"गलत\" न्याय देने पर, या कुछ कानूनों को अप्रभावी बनाने के प्रयास के भाग के रूप में, उनके खण्डन का कारण, या किसी अन्य मुद्दे पर किसी की राजनीतिक इच्छाओं को पाने के लिए दबाव डालने को बनाया गया हो। क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा एक सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के एक सक्रिय प्रयास है (या सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं, सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों, धार्मिक मान्यताओं, आदि को बदलने के लिए अधिक है ... क्रांति के लिए राजनीतिक होना जरूरी नहीं है , \"सांस्कृतिक क्रांति\", इसका तात्पर्य सामाजिक ताने-बाने के एक भाग में बदलाव और व्यापक परिवर्तन है)। गांधी के काम को क्रांतिकारी सविनय अवज्ञा बताया गया है। यह दावा किया गया है कि ऑस्ट्रियाई सरकार के खिलाफ फेरेन डेक के नेतृत्व में हंगेरियन क्रांतिकारी नागरिकों ने अवज्ञा की। थोरो ने \"शांतिप्रिय क्रांति\" को पूर्ण करने वाले सविनय अवज्ञा के बारे में भी लिखा। हॉवर्ड ज़िन, हार्वे व्हीलर, और अन्य लोगों ने स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा में सही पक्ष की पहचान की है जो एक नागरिक को अवज्ञा के सिद्धांत के रूप में अन्यायपूर्ण सरकार को \"बदलने या समाप्त करने\" के लिए है।" }

{ "en": "What famous Indian's actions were considered civil disobedience?", "hi": "किस प्रसिद्ध भारतीय कार्रवाई को सविनय अवज्ञा माना गया?" }

{ "en": [ "Gandhi" ], "hi": [ "गांधी के" ] }

{ "en": [ 616, 616, 616, 616, 616 ], "hi": [ 625 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "Boycotting, refusing to pay taxes, sit ins, and draft dodging all make what harder?", "hi": "बहिष्कार, करों का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृति, धरने, और मसौदा तैयार करना किस को कठिन बना देता है?" }

{ "en": [ "system to function" ], "hi": [ "एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए" ] }

{ "en": [ 179, 179, 173, 173, 173 ], "hi": [ 151 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. 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Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. 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Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "Name one way the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?", "hi": "प्लोशेयर संगठन का वह तरीका बताएं जिससे GCSB वाईपोहाई अस्थायी रूप से बंद हो गयी?" }

{ "en": [ "by padlocking the gates" ], "hi": [ "फाटकों को बंद करके" ] }

{ "en": [ 566, 569, 569, 569, 569 ], "hi": [ 468 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. 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{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "Name the other way that the Plowshares organization temporarily closed?", "hi": "दूसरे तरीके का नाम बताइए जिसे प्लॉशर संगठन ने अस्थायी रूप से बंद क्र दिया?" }

{ "en": [ "using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes" ], "hi": [ "दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर" ] }

{ "en": [ 594, 594, 594, 594, 594 ], "hi": [ 490 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. 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Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. 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Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. 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{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "Brownlee argues that sometimes people behave in what way to have their issue heard?", "hi": "ब्राउनली का तर्क के अनुसार कभी-कभी लोग कैसा व्यवहार करते हैं कि उनके मुद्दे को किसी तरह से सुना जाए?" }

{ "en": [ "limited coercion" ], "hi": [ "सीमित दबाव" ] }

{ "en": [ 443, 14, 436, 443, 436 ], "hi": [ 414 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "When large groups of people all boycott a system or don't pay taxes it can be considered?", "hi": "जब लोगों का बड़ा समूह सभी किसी प्रणाली का बहिष्कार करते हैं या कर का भुगतान नहीं करते हैं तो इस पर विचार किया जा सकता है?" }

{ "en": [ "coercive" ], "hi": [ "बलपूर्वक" ] }

{ "en": [ 237, 14, 237, 237, 14 ], "hi": [ 225 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. 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Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. 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Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. 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{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "What is a type of disobedience against the federal government?", "hi": "संघीय सरकार के खिलाफ अवज्ञा का एक प्रकार क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "refusals to pay taxes" ], "hi": [ "कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना" ] }

{ "en": [ 60, 14, 60, 60, 60 ], "hi": [ 50 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "What side effect of these type of protests is unfortunate?", "hi": "इस प्रकार के विरोध प्रदर्शनों का क्या दुष्प्रभाव है?" }

{ "en": [ "coercion" ], "hi": [ "एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं" ] }

{ "en": [ 328, 150, 150, 150 ], "hi": [ 151 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. 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Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. 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Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. 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Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. 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Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. 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Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. 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Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "What goal do many of these protests have?", "hi": "इनमें से कई विरोध प्रदर्शनों के क्या लक्ष्य है?" }

{ "en": [ "engage in moral dialogue" ], "hi": [ "टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए" ] }

{ "en": [ 367, 472, 472, 148 ], "hi": [ 376 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration", "Religion in ancient Rome", "Earl Warren", "Baby boomers", "Society of United Irishmen", "Jeanine Áñez", "United States Declaration of Independence", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Khomeinism", "History of the United States (1789–1849)", "Dorothy Day", "John Stuart Mill", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "Girchi", "Representative democracy in Singapore", "Rastafari", "Second Boer War", "Danzig crisis", "List of Regular Show characters", "News International phone hacking scandal", "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "Carol II of Romania", "Anarchism in Puerto Rico", "History of the Jews in Germany", "2011 Wisconsin protests", "Arthur Schopenhauer", "Francisco Franco", "History of education in the United States", "Jeff Sessions", "Rape", "English Reformation", "History of the Jews in the United States", "Discrimination based on skin color", "War in Donbas", "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "September 11 attacks", "Trần Ngọc Châu", "History of Lebanon", "Korean War", "Reproductive rights", "Edward Coke", "United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict", "Portugal", "Killing of Osama bin Laden", "Sigmund Freud", "Empire", "Psychology", "Adolphe Thiers", "Yemen", "Football hooliganism", "Dakota Access Pipeline protests", "Nothing Records", "Rashid Rida", "Battle of Britain", "Business ethics", "Rhetoric", "Turkish War of Independence", "History of Guyana", "Baseball Rule", "Chuck Schumer", "History of Indiana", "History of the Jews in France", "Peace movement", "Colorado Labor Wars", "Armenian genocide recognition", "Herbert von Dirksen", "Characters of the Metal Gear series", "Franciscus Patricius" ]

{ "en": "Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue, nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "hi": "सविनय अवज्ञा के कुछ रूपों, जैसे कि अवैध बहिष्कार, कर का भुगतान करने से अस्वीकृत होना, मसौदा तैयार करना, डिनायल ऑफ़ सर्विस हमले का वितरण, और धरने करना, एक सिस्टम को कार्य करने के लिए इसे और अधिक कठिन बनाते हैं। इस तरह, उन्हें बलपूर्वक माना जा सकता है। ब्राउनली ने कहा कि \"हालांकि, नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता अपने ईमानदार उद्देश्य से दबाव डालकर नैतिक संवाद करने के लिए विवश हैं, फिर भी टेबल पर अपना मुद्दा उठाने के लिए उनका सीमित दबाव बनाना ज़रूरी हो सकता है।\" प्लोशेयर संगठन ने फाटकों को बंद करके और दरांती का उपयोग करके दो सैटेलाइट डिश को ढकने वाले बड़े गुंबदों में से एक की हवा निकाल कर GCSB वाईपोहाई को अस्थायी रूप सेबंद कर दिया।" }

{ "en": "How can you protest against big companies in a non violent way?", "hi": "आप बड़ी कंपनियों के खिलाफ अहिंसक तरीके से विरोध कैसे कर सकते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "padlocking the gates" ], "hi": [ "फाटकों को बंद करके" ] }

{ "en": [ 569, 42, 50, 42, 141 ], "hi": [ 468 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. 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Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. 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{ "en": "Some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract, which is held to bind all to obey the laws that a government meeting certain standards of legitimacy has established, or else suffer the penalties set out in the law. Other civil disobedients who favor the existence of government still don't believe in the legitimacy of their particular government, or don't believe in the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others.", "hi": "कुछ सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को लगता है कि सामाजिक अनुबंध की वैधता में उनके विश्वास के कारण सजा को स्वीकार करना उन पर निर्भर है, जिसे उन सभी कानूनों को मानने के लिए संघटित किया जाता है जो एक सरकार ने वैधता के कुछ मानकों पर स्थापित किए हैं, अन्यथा दंड भुगतना पड़ता है जैसा कानून में निर्धारित किया है। सरकार के अस्तित्व का पक्ष लेने वाले अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता भी अपनी सरकार विशेष की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, या किसी विशेष कानून की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं। और फिर भी अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता, अराजकतावादी होने के नाते, किसी भी सरकार की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, और इसलिए आपराधिक कानून के उल्लंघन के लिए सजा को स्वीकार करने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं मानते हैं जिनसे दूसरों के अधिकारों का उल्लंघन नहीं होता है।" }

{ "en": "What do some civil disobedient people feel the need to acknowledge.", "hi": "कुछ नागरिक अवज्ञाकारी लोगों को क्या स्वीकार करने की आवश्यकता महसूस करते हैं।" }

{ "en": [ "accept punishment" ], "hi": [ "सजा" ] }

{ "en": [ 58, 58, 65, 65, 65 ], "hi": [ 87 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. 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{ "en": "Some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract, which is held to bind all to obey the laws that a government meeting certain standards of legitimacy has established, or else suffer the penalties set out in the law. Other civil disobedients who favor the existence of government still don't believe in the legitimacy of their particular government, or don't believe in the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others.", "hi": "कुछ सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को लगता है कि सामाजिक अनुबंध की वैधता में उनके विश्वास के कारण सजा को स्वीकार करना उन पर निर्भर है, जिसे उन सभी कानूनों को मानने के लिए संघटित किया जाता है जो एक सरकार ने वैधता के कुछ मानकों पर स्थापित किए हैं, अन्यथा दंड भुगतना पड़ता है जैसा कानून में निर्धारित किया है। सरकार के अस्तित्व का पक्ष लेने वाले अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता भी अपनी सरकार विशेष की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, या किसी विशेष कानून की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं। और फिर भी अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता, अराजकतावादी होने के नाते, किसी भी सरकार की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, और इसलिए आपराधिक कानून के उल्लंघन के लिए सजा को स्वीकार करने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं मानते हैं जिनसे दूसरों के अधिकारों का उल्लंघन नहीं होता है।" }

{ "en": "Why is the need for acceptance of punishment needed?", "hi": "सजा की स्वीकृति की आवश्यकता क्यों है?" }

{ "en": [ "validity of the social contract" ], "hi": [ "सामाजिक अनुबंध की वैधता में उनके विश्वास" ] }

{ "en": [ 107, 87, 76, 93, 87 ], "hi": [ 38 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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{ "en": "Some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract, which is held to bind all to obey the laws that a government meeting certain standards of legitimacy has established, or else suffer the penalties set out in the law. Other civil disobedients who favor the existence of government still don't believe in the legitimacy of their particular government, or don't believe in the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others.", "hi": "कुछ सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को लगता है कि सामाजिक अनुबंध की वैधता में उनके विश्वास के कारण सजा को स्वीकार करना उन पर निर्भर है, जिसे उन सभी कानूनों को मानने के लिए संघटित किया जाता है जो एक सरकार ने वैधता के कुछ मानकों पर स्थापित किए हैं, अन्यथा दंड भुगतना पड़ता है जैसा कानून में निर्धारित किया है। सरकार के अस्तित्व का पक्ष लेने वाले अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता भी अपनी सरकार विशेष की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, या किसी विशेष कानून की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं। और फिर भी अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता, अराजकतावादी होने के नाते, किसी भी सरकार की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, और इसलिए आपराधिक कानून के उल्लंघन के लिए सजा को स्वीकार करने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं मानते हैं जिनसे दूसरों के अधिकारों का उल्लंघन नहीं होता है।" }

{ "en": "What do some people protest against?", "hi": "कुछ लोग किस बात का विरोध करते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "legitimacy of a particular law" ], "hi": [ "किसी विशेष कानून" ] }

{ "en": [ 464, 491, 178, 582 ], "hi": [ 416 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. 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Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. 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{ "en": "Some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract, which is held to bind all to obey the laws that a government meeting certain standards of legitimacy has established, or else suffer the penalties set out in the law. Other civil disobedients who favor the existence of government still don't believe in the legitimacy of their particular government, or don't believe in the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others.", "hi": "कुछ सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को लगता है कि सामाजिक अनुबंध की वैधता में उनके विश्वास के कारण सजा को स्वीकार करना उन पर निर्भर है, जिसे उन सभी कानूनों को मानने के लिए संघटित किया जाता है जो एक सरकार ने वैधता के कुछ मानकों पर स्थापित किए हैं, अन्यथा दंड भुगतना पड़ता है जैसा कानून में निर्धारित किया है। सरकार के अस्तित्व का पक्ष लेने वाले अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता भी अपनी सरकार विशेष की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, या किसी विशेष कानून की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं। और फिर भी अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता, अराजकतावादी होने के नाते, किसी भी सरकार की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, और इसलिए आपराधिक कानून के उल्लंघन के लिए सजा को स्वीकार करने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं मानते हैं जिनसे दूसरों के अधिकारों का उल्लंघन नहीं होता है।" }

{ "en": "What is the group called that does not agree with government at all?", "hi": "उस समूह को क्या कहा जाता है जो सरकार से बिल्कुल भी सहमत नहीं होते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "anarchists" ], "hi": [ "अराजकतावादी" ] }

{ "en": [ 553, 553, 553, 553, 553 ], "hi": [ 504 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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{ "en": "Some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract, which is held to bind all to obey the laws that a government meeting certain standards of legitimacy has established, or else suffer the penalties set out in the law. Other civil disobedients who favor the existence of government still don't believe in the legitimacy of their particular government, or don't believe in the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others.", "hi": "कुछ सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को लगता है कि सामाजिक अनुबंध की वैधता में उनके विश्वास के कारण सजा को स्वीकार करना उन पर निर्भर है, जिसे उन सभी कानूनों को मानने के लिए संघटित किया जाता है जो एक सरकार ने वैधता के कुछ मानकों पर स्थापित किए हैं, अन्यथा दंड भुगतना पड़ता है जैसा कानून में निर्धारित किया है। सरकार के अस्तित्व का पक्ष लेने वाले अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता भी अपनी सरकार विशेष की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, या किसी विशेष कानून की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं। और फिर भी अन्य नागरिक अवज्ञाकर्ता, अराजकतावादी होने के नाते, किसी भी सरकार की वैधता में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं, और इसलिए आपराधिक कानून के उल्लंघन के लिए सजा को स्वीकार करने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं मानते हैं जिनसे दूसरों के अधिकारों का उल्लंघन नहीं होता है।" }

{ "en": "Anarchists do not want to accept punishment for what reason?", "hi": "अराजकतावादी किस कारण से सजा को स्वीकार नहीं करना चाहते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "does not infringe the rights of others" ], "hi": [ "दूसरों के अधिकारों का उल्लंघन नहीं होता है" ] }

{ "en": [ 700, 565, 667, 630, 667 ], "hi": [ 679 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. 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{ "en": "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists have opted to enter a blind plea, pleading guilty without any plea agreement in place. Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court, \"I am here to . . . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen.\"", "hi": "कभी-कभी अभियोजन पक्ष ने सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को एक याचिका सौदे का प्रस्ताव दिया, जैसा कि कैमडेन 28 के मामले में, जिसमें प्रतिवादियों को दुराचार की एक गणना का दोषी ठहराने और कोई जेल समय नहीं # प्राप्त करने का अवसर दिया गया था। कुछ सामूहिक गिरफ्तारियों की स्थितियों में, कार्यकर्ता सभी के लिए समान याचिका सौदेबाजी को सुरक्षित करने के लिए एकजुटता रणनीति का उपयोग करने का निर्णय लेते हैं। लेकिन कुछ कार्यकर्ताओं ने एक अंध याचिका को दर्ज करने का विकल्प चुना, जो किसी भी याचिका के बिना दोषी करार दिए गए हैं। मोहनदास गांधी को दोषी पाया गया और उन्होंने अदालत से कहा, \"मैं यहां. . .उच्चतम दंड के लिए प्रसन्नतापूर्वक प्रस्तुत हूं जो मुझ पर लागू हो सकता है एक ऐसे काम के लिए जो कानूनन जानबूझकर किया गया अपराध है और जो मुझे लगता है कि एक नागरिक का सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य है।\"" }

{ "en": "What type of punishment is sometimes offered to civil disobedients?", "hi": "कभी-कभी सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को किस प्रकार की सज़ा दी जाती है?" }

{ "en": [ "plea bargain" ], "hi": [ "याचिका सौदे" ] }

{ "en": [ 37, 161, 37, 37, 37 ], "hi": [ 50 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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{ "en": "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists have opted to enter a blind plea, pleading guilty without any plea agreement in place. Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court, \"I am here to . . . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen.\"", "hi": "कभी-कभी अभियोजन पक्ष ने सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को एक याचिका सौदे का प्रस्ताव दिया, जैसा कि कैमडेन 28 के मामले में, जिसमें प्रतिवादियों को दुराचार की एक गणना का दोषी ठहराने और कोई जेल समय नहीं # प्राप्त करने का अवसर दिया गया था। कुछ सामूहिक गिरफ्तारियों की स्थितियों में, कार्यकर्ता सभी के लिए समान याचिका सौदेबाजी को सुरक्षित करने के लिए एकजुटता रणनीति का उपयोग करने का निर्णय लेते हैं। लेकिन कुछ कार्यकर्ताओं ने एक अंध याचिका को दर्ज करने का विकल्प चुना, जो किसी भी याचिका के बिना दोषी करार दिए गए हैं। मोहनदास गांधी को दोषी पाया गया और उन्होंने अदालत से कहा, \"मैं यहां. . .उच्चतम दंड के लिए प्रसन्नतापूर्वक प्रस्तुत हूं जो मुझ पर लागू हो सकता है एक ऐसे काम के लिए जो कानूनन जानबूझकर किया गया अपराध है और जो मुझे लगता है कि एक नागरिक का सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य है।\"" }

{ "en": "What is usually the goal of taking a plea bargain?", "hi": "आमतौर पर एक याचिका सौदे लेने का लक्ष्य क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "no jail time" ], "hi": [ "कोई जेल समय नहीं # प्राप्त करने का अवसर दिया गया था" ] }

{ "en": [ 211, 161, 203, 211, 203 ], "hi": [ 172 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. 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Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. 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{ "en": "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists have opted to enter a blind plea, pleading guilty without any plea agreement in place. Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court, \"I am here to . . . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen.\"", "hi": "कभी-कभी अभियोजन पक्ष ने सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को एक याचिका सौदे का प्रस्ताव दिया, जैसा कि कैमडेन 28 के मामले में, जिसमें प्रतिवादियों को दुराचार की एक गणना का दोषी ठहराने और कोई जेल समय नहीं # प्राप्त करने का अवसर दिया गया था। कुछ सामूहिक गिरफ्तारियों की स्थितियों में, कार्यकर्ता सभी के लिए समान याचिका सौदेबाजी को सुरक्षित करने के लिए एकजुटता रणनीति का उपयोग करने का निर्णय लेते हैं। लेकिन कुछ कार्यकर्ताओं ने एक अंध याचिका को दर्ज करने का विकल्प चुना, जो किसी भी याचिका के बिना दोषी करार दिए गए हैं। मोहनदास गांधी को दोषी पाया गया और उन्होंने अदालत से कहा, \"मैं यहां. . .उच्चतम दंड के लिए प्रसन्नतापूर्वक प्रस्तुत हूं जो मुझ पर लागू हो सकता है एक ऐसे काम के लिए जो कानूनन जानबूझकर किया गया अपराध है और जो मुझे लगता है कि एक नागरिक का सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य है।\"" }

{ "en": "When many people are arrested, what is a common tactic negotiating?", "hi": "जब कई लोगों को गिरफ्तार किया जाता है, तो आम रणनीति क्या होती है?" }

{ "en": [ "solidarity tactics" ], "hi": [ "एकजुटता" ] }

{ "en": [ 285, 285, 285, 285, 285 ], "hi": [ 335 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. 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{ "en": "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists have opted to enter a blind plea, pleading guilty without any plea agreement in place. Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court, \"I am here to . . . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen.\"", "hi": "कभी-कभी अभियोजन पक्ष ने सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को एक याचिका सौदे का प्रस्ताव दिया, जैसा कि कैमडेन 28 के मामले में, जिसमें प्रतिवादियों को दुराचार की एक गणना का दोषी ठहराने और कोई जेल समय नहीं # प्राप्त करने का अवसर दिया गया था। कुछ सामूहिक गिरफ्तारियों की स्थितियों में, कार्यकर्ता सभी के लिए समान याचिका सौदेबाजी को सुरक्षित करने के लिए एकजुटता रणनीति का उपयोग करने का निर्णय लेते हैं। लेकिन कुछ कार्यकर्ताओं ने एक अंध याचिका को दर्ज करने का विकल्प चुना, जो किसी भी याचिका के बिना दोषी करार दिए गए हैं। मोहनदास गांधी को दोषी पाया गया और उन्होंने अदालत से कहा, \"मैं यहां. . .उच्चतम दंड के लिए प्रसन्नतापूर्वक प्रस्तुत हूं जो मुझ पर लागू हो सकता है एक ऐसे काम के लिए जो कानूनन जानबूझकर किया गया अपराध है और जो मुझे लगता है कि एक नागरिक का सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य है।\"" }

{ "en": "What type of plea is sometimes taken as an act of disobedience?", "hi": "कभी-कभी अवज्ञा के कार्य के रूप में किस प्रकार की याचिका दी जाती है?" }

{ "en": [ "blind plea" ], "hi": [ "अंध याचिका" ] }

{ "en": [ 391, 391, 391, 391, 391 ], "hi": [ 413 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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[ "Civil disobedience", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Civil rights movement", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "South African criminal law", "Institutional racism", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Conscience", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "History of Mexican Americans", "European Union law", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "United Kingdom labour law", "History of women in the United States", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Development communication", "Historikerstreit", "United States labor law", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "History of Australia", "Persecution of Christians", "Jury", "History of Western civilization", "The Spirit of the Age", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Assassination of José Calvo Sotelo", "Police brutality by country", "History of Germany", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Ion Antonescu", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Racism in the United States", "History of Austria", "Defamation", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "South African contract law", "Apartheid", "History of the United States", "Reconstruction era", "Maximilien Robespierre", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Women in Islam", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "History of socialism", "History of Guatemala", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "French Resistance", "Socialism", "Contract", "Wartime sexual violence", "History of France", "Pacifism", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Enoch Powell", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Native Americans in the United States", "Glossary of French criminal law", "Racial views of Donald Trump", "List of The Shield characters", "Cold War", "Leon Trotsky", "History of United States prison systems", "H. H. Asquith", "Slavery in the United States", "Mahatma Gandhi", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Human rights in the United States", "History of Poles in the United States", "Sharia", "South African Border War", "History of the Southern United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Networked advocacy", "The Dresden Files characters", "Nazism", "History of the socialist movement in the United States", "Andreas Hillgruber", "History of the United Kingdom", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "Ethnomusicology", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "LGBT rights in the United States", "History of the United States government", "Fake news", "Tartan", "Confederate States of America", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Fidel Castro", "Søren Kierkegaard", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "German resistance to Nazism", "Steele dossier", "Cesar Chavez", "History of Poland", "Conditional preservation of the saints", "American frontier", "Indian independence movement", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Miscegenation", "Foreign relations of India", "Sexuality in ancient Rome", "Freedom of speech by country", "Domestic violence", "Nonviolence", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Women's rights", "Islamic terrorism", "List of Hong Kong national security cases", "South African constitutional litigation", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "History of slavery", "Donald Trump", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Human rights in China", "Citizenship Amendment Act protests", "Erwin Rommel", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Age of Enlightenment", "Nelson Mandela", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "English land law", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roe v. Wade", "Dreyfus affair", "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale", "Unite the Right rally", "British Raj", "Police corruption", "Human rights in Israel", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard", "Fascism and ideology", "Origins of the American Civil War", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Marriage", "Nazi racial theories", "Common law", "Iranian Revolution", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "Suez Crisis", "Hugo W. Koehler", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "African-American history", "Benito Mussolini", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of John McCain", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Kashmir conflict", "Ibn Taymiyya", "List of Fables characters", "Marital rape", "2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet", "Mircea Eliade", "Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "2014 Hong Kong protests", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "Springfield race riot of 1908", "Iran–United States relations", "American imperialism", "Joseph Stalin", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Individualist anarchism", "Hamas", "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Racism", "Authoritarian socialism", "Michael Heseltine", "History of the Netherlands", "Canada convoy protest", "Constitution of the United States", "History of magic", "Trumpism", "American Revolution", "English trust law", "Christopher Evans (outlaw)", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "World War II by country", "John F. Kennedy", "Progressive Era", "History of Missouri", "Censorship in the United States", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "United Russia", "Anti-BDS laws", "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Fascism", "Julius Nyerere", "Tort", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Millennials", "History of the nude in art", "1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre", "Incarceration in the United States", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "History of Speyer", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "History of the Philippines", "Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)", "Robert F. Kennedy", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Mexican Revolution", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "New Deal", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "China–United States relations", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Occupy movement in the United States", "Chicano", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Occupy movement", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters", "Uyghur genocide", "Social media use by Donald Trump", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Democracy", "Anti-communism", "Reformation", "Zhou Enlai", "George Floyd protests", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Responsibility for the Holocaust", "History of United States foreign policy", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Benazir Bhutto", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Christian theology", "Vladimir Putin", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Anarchism in the United States", "Utilitarianism", "Archibald Cox", "Marcus Garvey", "Detribalization", "Jawaharlal Nehru", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Pope Pius XII", "Voting Rights Act of 1965", "Mueller report", "Black Lives Matter", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Spanish Civil War", "Ralph Northam", "Issues in anarchism", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Rudy Giuliani", "Marxism–Leninism", "Sovereign citizen movement", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain", "Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "Iran–Iraq War", "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "Social media", "17 October Revolution", "William Barr", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Pope John Paul II", "List of Mad Men characters", "Populism", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "2013–2014 Thai political crisis", "Robert Mugabe", "Diversity of tactics", "Types of socialism", "Lumumba Government", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "John Adams", "Sexual harassment", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Algerian War", "Jury trial", "Desmond Tutu", "Value-form", "Women in government", "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests", "Vietnam War", "Mexican–American War", "Boris Johnson", "Economic history of the United States", "Latin America", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam", "Women's suffrage", "Douglas MacArthur", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Habib Bourguiba", "History of social democracy", "Labor history of the United States", "Amin al-Husseini", "Charles George Gordon", "Slavic Native Faith", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Lyndon B. Johnson", "Blasphemy law", "Slavery", "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Article One of the United States Constitution", "Chronology of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis", "List of Judge Dredd characters", "Scientology", "Henry David Thoreau", "Mao Zedong", "Bill Cosby sexual assault cases", "Vladimir Lenin", "Cultural Revolution", "Counterculture of the 1960s", "2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct", "Hannah Arendt", "American Civil War", "Organized crime", "Hugo Chávez", "Alexander Zinoviev", "Israel and apartheid", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Jomo Kenyatta", "Capital punishment in the United States", "Violence against women", "Index of law articles", "Police brutality in the United States", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Srebrenica massacre", "Tax resistance in the United States", "GI Underground Press", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Patriot Act", "Ku Klux Klan", "List of Suits characters", "Light in painting", "Ulysses S. Grant", "Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform", "René Vilatte", "Police", "Blueberry (comics)", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "History of liberalism", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Capital punishment", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Nationalism", "History of Palestine", "African Americans", "Yulia Tymoshenko", "Persecution of Muslims", "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Lesbian", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Abraham Lincoln", "History of conservatism in the United States", "Mikhail Gorbachev", "Arizona SB 1070", "Definition of terrorism", "William Christian Bullitt Jr.", "Logology (science)", "William Bonin", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "History of terrorism", "Winston Churchill", "Henry Marshall Furman", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Piracy", "Pre-Code Hollywood", "Foreign internal defense", "Soviet Union", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "David Lloyd George", "Reception of WikiLeaks", "Colombian peace process", "Unionism in Ireland", "Timeline of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests", "Fédon's rebellion", "Protest song", "Human rights in Belarus", "Lynching in the United States", "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson", "Joachim von Ribbentrop", "History of Tunisia", "2011 Egyptian revolution", "History of Poland (1939–1945)", "Alexei Navalny", "Arab citizens of Israel", "History of Israel", "Israel–United States relations", "History of the African National Congress", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "Religious views on masturbation", "Edmund Burke", "Sex trafficking", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Indira Gandhi", "History of Nigeria", "Plame affair", "Jean Chrétien", "Chetniks", "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Falun Gong", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Human rights in Russia", "Mau Mau rebellion", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Richard Nixon", "Neoliberalism", "Che Guevara", "Conscientious objector", "Affair of the Cards", "Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world", "Hare Krishna Konar", "Vichy France", "Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy", "MeToo movement", "Josip Broz Tito", "Internal Security Act (Singapore)", "World Jewish Congress", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "List of NCIS characters", "Separation of church and state", "WikiLeaks", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Criticism of Amazon", "Thomas Jefferson", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Characters of Casualty", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "History of Ghana", "Affirmative action in the United States", "History of feminism", "Special Relationship", "Flood v. Kuhn", "Rock Machine MC criminal allegations and incidents", "Cold War (1953–1962)", "History of Virginia", "Human cannibalism", "Japanese war crimes", "Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul", "United States involvement in regime change", "Nicolae Iorga", "Trump–Ukraine scandal", "Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism", "History of religion in the United States", "Facebook", "Anti-Comintern Pact", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "2014 Gaza War", "William M. Branham", "French Directory", "Harry S. Truman", "Plea bargain", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Fornication", "Henry Kissinger", "Free will", "Second Vatican Council", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters", "Flint water crisis", "Ages of consent in Europe", "Alt-right", "Internal resistance to apartheid", "Clarence Thomas", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Women's liberation movement in Europe", "Convention People's Party", "Robert Byrd", "Jesse Jackson", "Coram nobis", "Muhammad Ali", "Harold Macmillan", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Ken Livingstone", "Historical negationism", "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "Protestantism", "Puerto Rico", "Antisemitism in Islam", "Italian Americans", "Robert McNamara", "Ian Smith", "Liberalism", "Civil discourse", "List of Garo characters", "BDSM", "Rape statistics", "Ethics", "History of opera", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Imperial Roman army", "Peter Tatchell", "Selma to Montgomery marches", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Wahhabism", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump", "John C. Calhoun", "Religion in China", "Farouk of Egypt", "History of Zakynthos", "List of Alex Rider characters", "Anti-Americanism", "Friedrich Hayek", "Spanish Inquisition", "Michel Foucault", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election", "Bashar al-Assad", "Shofetim (parashah)", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Law", "Erasmus", "Administrative law in Singapore", "Transgender rights in the United States", "List of Babylon 5 characters", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays", "History of American newspapers", "Weather Underground", "Impeachment process against Richard Nixon", "LGBT history", "Self-determination", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Axis powers", "Catholic Church", "Well-being contributing factors", "Human rights in Egypt", "Piracy in the Atlantic World", "War of 1812", "Louis Brandeis", "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson", "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", "Timeline of the Euromaidan", "Riba", "Oath of office", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Susan B. Anthony", "Religious persecution", "History of anarchism", "Human rights in Hong Kong", "Criticism of Facebook", "Perp walk", "Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "History of Lisbon", "William Ewart Gladstone", "William Howard Taft", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Black Canadians", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "List of Merlin characters", "Criticism of Christianity", "Sexism", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "George Orwell", "French Revolution", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Nawaz Sharif", "Arab Spring", "Pierre Trudeau", "Nikol Pashinyan", "Antisemitism in Europe", "Presidency of George Washington", "Border control", "1562 Riots of Toulouse", "American Revolutionary War", "Vallabhbhai Patel", "Relations between the Catholic Church and the state", "Gab (social network)", "Red Orchestra (espionage)", "Far-right politics", "Anglo-Saxons", "Socialist Party of America", "Presidency of Richard Nixon", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Themes in Nazi propaganda", "David Hume", "First Stadtholderless Period", "Nazi Germany", "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "Turkey–United States relations", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "George Washington", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Benjamin Disraeli", "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Murder of Ahmaud Arbery", "British National Party", "Reproductive justice", "History of Scotland", "Diplomatic history of World War I", "French Third Republic", "First Opium War", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "International reactions to the Syrian civil war", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories", "Decarceration in the United States", "Abul A'la Maududi", "Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous", "Georges Bonnet", "List of Discworld characters", "History of propaganda", "History of Beijing", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Iraq War", "Sierra Leone", "Twitter", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Nikita Khrushchev", "Protests against Nicolás Maduro", "Vladimir Tismăneanu", "Anarchism in China", "Catholic Church and slavery", "History of Cumbria", "Artúr Görgei", "Edward Snowden", "East Germany", "Monarchy of Canada", "Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)", "Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Shinzo Abe", "List of Shameless (British TV series) characters", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "German National People's Party", "International Criminal Court", "Egypt", "Russification of Ukraine", "Nigerian Civil War", "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia", "History of Tyre, Lebanon", "Cluedo (Australian game show)", "George Galloway", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "Racial segregation in the United States", "Suicide attack", "History of Hungary", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Compulsory sterilization", "Amnesty International", "Democratic peace theory", "Bill Clinton", "Italy", "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "Jimmy Carter", "Christian views on slavery", "Unification Church", "Liberal democracy", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "W. E. B. Du Bois", "Human rights in Bahrain", "Otto von Bismarck", "The Idler (1758–1760)", "Anti-Catholicism", "2016 Turkish coup attempt", "Pornography", "Holocaust denial", "Black Panther Party", "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence", "United Kingdom company law", "Israel", "Kris Kobach", "Imperial examination", "Xi Jinping", "Lithuania", "Hate crime", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "Eureka Rebellion", "Luis Cernuda", "Mexican drug war", "2019–2021 Iraqi protests", "Greece", "Emma Goldman", "Napoleon III", "Yom Kippur War", "History of Russia", "List of Dexter characters", "Interracial marriage", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "History of Transylvania", "Hillary Clinton", "History of South Carolina", "George W. Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. FEC", "War on drugs", "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)", "Chelsea Manning", "James Peck (pacifist)", "List of Sharpe series characters", "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "Killing of Trayvon Martin", "Bhagavad Gita", "Apostasy in Christianity", "Moldova", "2023 French pension reform strikes", "Gaza flotilla raid", "Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard", "Augustine of Hippo", "Gouzenko Affair", "Learned Hand", "2012 Delhi gang rape and murder", "Dirty War", "Bo (parashah)", "History of antisemitism", "Sacco and Vanzetti", "Ted Kennedy", "List of Downton Abbey characters", "Gandhism", "List of modern great powers", "David Cameron", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "1972 in the Vietnam War", "Anarcho-capitalism", "Wilmington massacre", "Human rights", "Indigenous Australians", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens", "New Mexico", "Immigration policy of Donald Trump", "Helios", "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church", "Nicomachean Ethics", "Capital punishment in India", "Weimar Republic", "Criticism of the Quran", "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "Hugo Black", "Anti-psychiatry", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Havana Plan Piloto", "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump", "History of Zionism", "United States federal probation and supervised release", "Human rights in Mauritania", "History of Ireland", "List of films considered the worst", "Dominic McGlinchey", "History of Bangladesh", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Racism in association football", "History of Mexico", "Benjamin Franklin", "2002 Venezuelan coup attempt", "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration", "Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet", "Social policy of Donald Trump", "Criticism of Israel", "Edward Aveling", "Harold Wilson", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "List of Shaman King characters", "Natural law", "Tucker Carlson", "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee", "History of Italy", "Saudi Arabia", "Joseph Conrad", "Talcott Parsons", "Chip Roy", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Mihail Sadoveanu", "Gerd von Rundstedt", "QAnon", "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Noam Chomsky", "French Indochina", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. Carp", "Cham Albanians", "List of Person of Interest characters", "Roman Empire", "Marikana massacre", "Gulf War", "Dominican Republic", "Ngo Dinh Diem", "Mikheil Saakashvili", "Timeline of the Syrian civil war", "List of Wild Cards characters", "Myanmar protests (2021–present)", "Industrial Workers of the World", "List of The Blacklist characters", "List of book-burning incidents", "LGBT rights in Canada", "History of Belfast", "Shia–Sunni divide", "Waco siege", "Republican Party (United States)", "Threshold issues in Singapore administrative law", "Alberto Gonzales", "Law of evidence in South Africa", "Rhodesia", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "West Germany", "Persecution of Hindus", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump", "Orthodox Judaism", "1964 Brazilian coup d'état", "Modern paganism", "Rajneesh", "Meaning of life", "Violence", "Terrorism", "History of the Kuomintang", "Antisemitism", "People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran", "Andrew Johnson", "John Maynard Keynes", "Fort Lee lane closure scandal", "Kosovo War", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Section 230", "Roy Moore", "History of Jamaica", "Clement Attlee", "Interwar Britain", "History of Christianity", "Islamophobia", "Woodrow Wilson", "Religion and capital punishment", "Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust", "Zionism", "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Mitt Romney", "Race in the United States criminal justice system", "Colonial history of the United States", "COVID-19 misinformation", "Benjamin Tillman", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion", "Salafi movement", "Adolf Hitler", "Cultural impact of the Beatles", "Jewish exodus from the Muslim world", "Generation Z in the United States", "Anarchist economics", "National Peasants' Party", "Right to silence", "Abortion in the United States", "2012–2013 Egyptian protests", "Bank War", "Napoleon", "LGBT people and Islam", "History of citizenship", "Sonia Sotomayor", "Death squad", "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the George H. W. 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{ "en": "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists have opted to enter a blind plea, pleading guilty without any plea agreement in place. Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court, \"I am here to . . . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen.\"", "hi": "कभी-कभी अभियोजन पक्ष ने सविनय अवज्ञाकर्ताओं को एक याचिका सौदे का प्रस्ताव दिया, जैसा कि कैमडेन 28 के मामले में, जिसमें प्रतिवादियों को दुराचार की एक गणना का दोषी ठहराने और कोई जेल समय नहीं # प्राप्त करने का अवसर दिया गया था। कुछ सामूहिक गिरफ्तारियों की स्थितियों में, कार्यकर्ता सभी के लिए समान याचिका सौदेबाजी को सुरक्षित करने के लिए एकजुटता रणनीति का उपयोग करने का निर्णय लेते हैं। लेकिन कुछ कार्यकर्ताओं ने एक अंध याचिका को दर्ज करने का विकल्प चुना, जो किसी भी याचिका के बिना दोषी करार दिए गए हैं। मोहनदास गांधी को दोषी पाया गया और उन्होंने अदालत से कहा, \"मैं यहां. . .उच्चतम दंड के लिए प्रसन्नतापूर्वक प्रस्तुत हूं जो मुझ पर लागू हो सकता है एक ऐसे काम के लिए जो कानूनन जानबूझकर किया गया अपराध है और जो मुझे लगता है कि एक नागरिक का सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य है।\"" }

{ "en": "Which famous Indian took a plea and put himself at the mercy of the courts?", "hi": "किस प्रसिद्ध भारतीय ने एक याचिका ली और खुद को अदालतों की दया पर डाल दिया?" }

{ "en": [ "Mohandas Gandhi" ], "hi": [ "मोहनदास गांधी" ] }

{ "en": [ 456, 456, 456, 456, 465 ], "hi": [ 501 ] }

[ "History and Society.Politics and government", "STEM.STEM*" ]

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Bush", "Human rights in Saudi Arabia", "Christian ethics", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Human rights in the United Arab Emirates", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "List of Bones characters", "Viktor Yanukovych", "Paul von Hindenburg", "Freedom of religion", "The Troubles", "Ages of consent in the United States", "History of Cuba", "History of Massachusetts", "Iran", "Henry VI, Part 3", "John Ruskin", "Feminism", "Freedom of speech in the United States", "Pakistan", "Jonathan Pollard", "Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War", "European debt crisis", "Greek War of Independence", "Precedent", "History of the United States Constitution", "Bernie Sanders", "Eastern Bloc", "Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation", "Pope Francis", "Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war", "Bundy standoff", "John McCain", "Va'etchanan", "The Bible and violence", "Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party", "George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon", "History of Lithuania", "Industrial Revolution", "Military history of Canada", "Lobbying in the United States", "Women in music", "Jesse Helms", "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "Lyndon LaRouche", "July Crisis", "Human rights in Argentina", "Puyi", "Conservatism", "Citizens United v. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "Petre P. 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{ "en": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning,[citation needed] design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use.", "hi": "निर्माण एक इमारत या बुनियादी ढांचे के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया है। निर्माण विनिर्माण से भिन्न है क्योंकि विनिर्माण में आमतौर पर निर्दिष्ट नामित खरीदारों के बिना एक जैसी वस्तुओं का बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन शामिल है, जबकि निर्माण आमतौर पर एक ज्ञात ग्राहक के लिए किसी स्थान पर होता है। एक उद्योग के रूप में निर्माण में विकसित देशों का छह से नौ प्रतिशत सकल घरेलू उत्पाद शामिल हैं। निर्माण योजना, [उद्धरण वांछित] डिजाइन, और वित्तपोषण के साथ शुरू होता है और परियोजना के निर्माण और उपयोग के लिए तैयार होने तक जारी रहता है।" }

{ "en": "What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure?", "hi": "एक इमारत या बुनियादी ढांचे के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "Construction" ], "hi": [ "निर्माण" ] }

{ "en": [ 0, 0, 0 ], "hi": [ 0 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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"History of agriculture in China", "Havana", "Logology (science)", "Reading", "Reliability engineering", "Sustainable city", "Police corruption", "Walmart", "Educational technology", "Recycling", "Technological and industrial history of the United States", "Labor history of the United States", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Puerto Rico", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "History of the United States", "Project management", "Cooperative", "History of Guatemala", "Climate change in New Zealand", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Economy of England", "Acorn Archimedes", "Telehealth", "Renewable energy", "History of Mexican Americans", "Maritime history of California", "Economy of Scotland", "Pension", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Public–private partnership", "Economy of Pakistan", "Economic history of Japan", "Royalty payment", "Incarceration in the United States", "Underwater diving", "Climate change policy of the United States", "Economic growth", "Adaptive reuse", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "Economic history of Mexico", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "History of Lisbon", "Nuclear safety and security", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Automation", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment", "Outsourcing", "Tesla, Inc.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "Future developments in Singapore", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "History of education in the United States", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Economy of Mexico", "LEED", "Sustainable design", "Deficit reduction in the United States", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Neoliberalism", "Education in Haiti", "Tesla Autopilot", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Strategic management", "Social media", "Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great 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Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning,[citation needed] design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use.", "hi": "निर्माण एक इमारत या बुनियादी ढांचे के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया है। निर्माण विनिर्माण से भिन्न है क्योंकि विनिर्माण में आमतौर पर निर्दिष्ट नामित खरीदारों के बिना एक जैसी वस्तुओं का बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन शामिल है, जबकि निर्माण आमतौर पर एक ज्ञात ग्राहक के लिए किसी स्थान पर होता है। एक उद्योग के रूप में निर्माण में विकसित देशों का छह से नौ प्रतिशत सकल घरेलू उत्पाद शामिल हैं। निर्माण योजना, [उद्धरण वांछित] डिजाइन, और वित्तपोषण के साथ शुरू होता है और परियोजना के निर्माण और उपयोग के लिए तैयार होने तक जारी रहता है।" }

{ "en": "What typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser?", "hi": "आमतौर पर निर्दिष्ट खरीदारों के बिना एक जैसी वस्तुओं का बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "manufacturing" ], "hi": [ "विनिर्माण" ] }

{ "en": [ 122, 100, 122 ], "hi": [ 101 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Camden, New Jersey", "Economy of North Korea", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Sustainable fashion", "Flint water crisis", "Ethnomusicology", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Nuclear power", "ASEAN", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "South African contract law", "Networked advocacy", "Energy conservation", "History of women in the United States", "Economy of Morocco", "Smart grid", "Environmental governance", "Economy of Egypt", "History of the United Kingdom", "Armies in the American Civil War", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Environmental, social, and corporate governance", "Health care systems by country", "Computer security", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Imperial Roman army", "Affordable housing in Canada", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", "History of agriculture in China", "Havana", "Logology (science)", "Reading", "Reliability engineering", "Sustainable city", "Police corruption", "Walmart", "Educational technology", "Recycling", "Technological and industrial history of the United States", "Labor history of the United States", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Puerto Rico", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "History of the United States", "Project management", "Cooperative", "History of Guatemala", "Climate change in New Zealand", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Economy of England", "Acorn Archimedes", "Telehealth", "Renewable energy", "History of Mexican Americans", "Maritime history of California", "Economy of Scotland", "Pension", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Public–private partnership", "Economy of Pakistan", "Economic history of Japan", "Royalty payment", "Incarceration in the United States", "Underwater diving", "Climate change policy of the United States", "Economic growth", "Adaptive reuse", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "Economic history of Mexico", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "History of Lisbon", "Nuclear safety and security", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Automation", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment", "Outsourcing", "Tesla, Inc.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "Future developments in Singapore", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "History of education in the United States", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Economy of Mexico", "LEED", "Sustainable design", "Deficit reduction in the United States", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Neoliberalism", "Education in Haiti", "Tesla Autopilot", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Strategic management", "Social media", "Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great Recession", "Apartheid", "History of the Southern United States", "Border control", "Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Tort", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Organic farming", "Creativity", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of Western civilization", "Employment discrimination", "Social Security (United States)", "Net neutrality", "Progressive Era", "Women in the workforce", "South African criminal law", "Medicare (United States)", "Electricity policy of Ontario", "Oil sands", "Scuba diving", "Poverty reduction", "Roman Empire", "Climate change in Australia", "Sweden", "Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "England", "Donald Trump", "History of Poland", "Education in South Korea", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Detroit", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "English trust law", "Havana Plan Piloto", "China–United States relations", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning,[citation needed] design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use.", "hi": "निर्माण एक इमारत या बुनियादी ढांचे के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया है। निर्माण विनिर्माण से भिन्न है क्योंकि विनिर्माण में आमतौर पर निर्दिष्ट नामित खरीदारों के बिना एक जैसी वस्तुओं का बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन शामिल है, जबकि निर्माण आमतौर पर एक ज्ञात ग्राहक के लिए किसी स्थान पर होता है। एक उद्योग के रूप में निर्माण में विकसित देशों का छह से नौ प्रतिशत सकल घरेलू उत्पाद शामिल हैं। निर्माण योजना, [उद्धरण वांछित] डिजाइन, और वित्तपोषण के साथ शुरू होता है और परियोजना के निर्माण और उपयोग के लिए तैयार होने तक जारी रहता है।" }

{ "en": "What percentile of gross domestic product is construction comprised of?", "hi": "सकल घरेलू उत्पाद का कितना प्रतिशत निर्माण में शामिल है?" }

{ "en": [ "six to nine percent" ], "hi": [ "छह से नौ प्रतिशत" ] }

{ "en": [ 331, 331, 331 ], "hi": [ 326 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Camden, New Jersey", "Economy of North Korea", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Sustainable fashion", "Flint water crisis", "Ethnomusicology", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Nuclear power", "ASEAN", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "South African contract law", "Networked advocacy", "Energy conservation", "History of women in the United States", "Economy of Morocco", "Smart grid", "Environmental governance", "Economy of Egypt", "History of the United Kingdom", "Armies in the American Civil War", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Environmental, social, and corporate governance", "Health care systems by country", "Computer security", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Imperial Roman army", "Affordable housing in Canada", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects 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Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. 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Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. 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Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning,[citation needed] design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use.", "hi": "निर्माण एक इमारत या बुनियादी ढांचे के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया है। निर्माण विनिर्माण से भिन्न है क्योंकि विनिर्माण में आमतौर पर निर्दिष्ट नामित खरीदारों के बिना एक जैसी वस्तुओं का बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन शामिल है, जबकि निर्माण आमतौर पर एक ज्ञात ग्राहक के लिए किसी स्थान पर होता है। एक उद्योग के रूप में निर्माण में विकसित देशों का छह से नौ प्रतिशत सकल घरेलू उत्पाद शामिल हैं। निर्माण योजना, [उद्धरण वांछित] डिजाइन, और वित्तपोषण के साथ शुरू होता है और परियोजना के निर्माण और उपयोग के लिए तैयार होने तक जारी रहता है।" }

{ "en": "What three things are needed for construction to take place?", "hi": "निर्माण के लिए किन तीन चीजों की आवश्यकता होती है?" }

{ "en": [ "planning,[citation needed] design, and financing" ], "hi": [ "योजना, [उद्धरण वांछित] डिजाइन, और" ] }

{ "en": [ 430, 430, 430 ], "hi": [ 379 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Camden, New Jersey", "Economy of North Korea", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Sustainable fashion", "Flint water crisis", "Ethnomusicology", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Nuclear power", "ASEAN", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "South African contract law", "Networked advocacy", "Energy conservation", "History of women in the United States", "Economy of Morocco", "Smart grid", "Environmental governance", "Economy of Egypt", "History of the United Kingdom", "Armies in the American Civil War", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Environmental, social, and corporate governance", "Health care systems by country", "Computer security", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Imperial Roman army", "Affordable housing in Canada", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", "History of agriculture in China", "Havana", "Logology (science)", "Reading", "Reliability engineering", "Sustainable city", "Police corruption", "Walmart", "Educational technology", "Recycling", "Technological and industrial history of the United States", "Labor history of the United States", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Puerto Rico", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "History of the United States", "Project management", "Cooperative", "History of Guatemala", "Climate change in New Zealand", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Economy of England", "Acorn Archimedes", "Telehealth", "Renewable energy", "History of Mexican Americans", "Maritime history of California", "Economy of Scotland", "Pension", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Public–private partnership", "Economy of Pakistan", "Economic history of Japan", "Royalty payment", "Incarceration in the United States", "Underwater diving", "Climate change policy of the United States", "Economic growth", "Adaptive reuse", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "Economic history of Mexico", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "History of Lisbon", "Nuclear safety and security", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Automation", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment", "Outsourcing", "Tesla, Inc.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "Future developments in Singapore", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "History of education in the United States", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Economy of Mexico", "LEED", "Sustainable design", "Deficit reduction in the United States", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Neoliberalism", "Education in Haiti", "Tesla Autopilot", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Strategic management", "Social media", "Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great Recession", "Apartheid", "History of the Southern United States", "Border control", "Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Tort", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Organic farming", "Creativity", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of Western civilization", "Employment discrimination", "Social Security (United States)", "Net neutrality", "Progressive Era", "Women in the workforce", "South African criminal law", "Medicare (United States)", "Electricity policy of Ontario", "Oil sands", "Scuba diving", "Poverty reduction", "Roman Empire", "Climate change in Australia", "Sweden", "Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "England", "Donald Trump", "History of Poland", "Education in South Korea", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Detroit", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "English trust law", "Havana Plan Piloto", "China–United States relations", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning,[citation needed] design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use.", "hi": "निर्माण एक इमारत या बुनियादी ढांचे के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया है। निर्माण विनिर्माण से भिन्न है क्योंकि विनिर्माण में आमतौर पर निर्दिष्ट नामित खरीदारों के बिना एक जैसी वस्तुओं का बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन शामिल है, जबकि निर्माण आमतौर पर एक ज्ञात ग्राहक के लिए किसी स्थान पर होता है। एक उद्योग के रूप में निर्माण में विकसित देशों का छह से नौ प्रतिशत सकल घरेलू उत्पाद शामिल हैं। निर्माण योजना, [उद्धरण वांछित] डिजाइन, और वित्तपोषण के साथ शुरू होता है और परियोजना के निर्माण और उपयोग के लिए तैयार होने तक जारी रहता है।" }

{ "en": "Construction takes place on location for who?", "hi": "निर्माण किसके लिए एक स्थान पर होता है?" }

{ "en": [ "a known client" ], "hi": [ "एक ज्ञात ग्राहक" ] }

{ "en": [ 277, 285, 279 ], "hi": [ 231 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (Top-40) and also a list the largest global firms (Top-250, by amount of work they are doing outside their home country). In 2014, ENR compiled the data in nine market segments. It was divided as transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewer/waste, telecom, hazardous waste plus a tenth category for other projects. In their reporting on the Top 400, they used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors.", "hi": "इंजीनियरिंग न्यूज-रिकॉर्ड (ENR) निर्माण उद्योग के लिए एक व्यापार पत्रिका है। प्रत्येक वर्ष, ENR डिजाइन और निर्माण कंपनियों के आकार के बारे में डेटा का संकलन और रिपोर्ट करता है। वे संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में सबसे बड़ी कंपनियों की सूची (टॉप -40) और सबसे बड़ी वैश्विक फर्मों की सूची (टॉप -250, अपने गृह राष्ट्र के बाहर उनके हो रहे काम के आधार पर) प्रकाशित करते हैं। 2014 में, ENR ने नौ मार्केट भागों में डेटा संकलित किया। इसे अन्य परियोजनाओं के लिए परिवहन, पेट्रोलियम, भवन, बिजली, औद्योगिक, जल, विनिर्माण, सीवर/अपशिष्ट, दूरसंचार, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और दसवें श्रेणी के रूप में विभाजित किया गया था। शीर्ष 400 पर अपनी रिपोर्टिंग में, उन्होंने फर्मों को भारी ठेकेदारों के रूप में रैंक करने के लिए परिवहन, सीवर, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और पानी पर डेटा का उपयोग किया।" }

{ "en": "What is Engineering News-Record?", "hi": "इंजीनियरिंग न्यूज-रिकॉर्ड क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "a trade magazine for the construction industry" ], "hi": [ "निर्माण उद्योग के लिए एक व्यापार पत्रिका" ] }

{ "en": [ 33, 33, 35 ], "hi": [ 32 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

[ "85_station_radio_radio station", "79_station_radio_radio station", "94_crater_rim_lunar", "97_bee family_bee_described", "95_curling_curling championships_curling championship", "19_moth_family_wingspan", "39_voivodeship_gmina_poland", "69_gastropod_snail_marine gastropod", "80_route_highway_state", "71_beetle_species beetle_beetle family", "9_district_rural district_province iran", "67_league_football_club", "6_parish_railway_england", "76_glacier_antarctic_island", "16_india_district_village", "73_tennis_doubles_singles", "62_cricket_cricketer_firstclass", "33_footballer_played_league", "56_film_indian_directed", "75_species_bird_subtropical tropical", "82_stakes_horse_race", "78_star_asteroid_constellation", "89_athletics_championships_metres", "23_municipality_germany_station", "49_team_season_football", "92_beetle_genus_species beetle", "90_miss_pageant_miss universe", "87_formation_geologic_geologic formation", "4_album_song_released", "63_hockey_league_hockey league", "65_species_genus_butterfly", "47_species_genus_fish", "2_album_band_released", "83_golf_tour_pga", "54_navy_ship_uss", "27_football_baseball_played", "77_station_line_km", "59_games_summer_championships", "68_race_racing_championship", "20_species_plant_genus", "55_station_china_province", "81_events_events year_year", "48_school_high school_high", "24_river_island_lake", "46_aircraft_engine_designed", "84_frog_species frog_species", "99_everest_climbing_mount everest", "15_historic_house_building", "86_airline_airlines_air", "93_calendar_year_bc year", "14_fc_football_club", "3_county_township_census", "51_game_games_video game", "13_sir_son_john", "5_olympics_competed_summer olympics", "12_municipality_village_river", "53_election_party_assembly", "52_radio_television_channel", "64_war_army_officer", "1_film_series_television", "28_protein_enzyme_gene", "36_software_data_computer", "26_india_indian_college", "57_commune_france_department", "98_boat_boat race_race", "38_football_cup_teams", "58_wrestling_professional_boxing", "70_theory_function_theorem", "11_novel_series_book", "30_population_town_language", "17_served_republican_state", "41_used_water_energy", "50_company_food_restaurant", "43_surname_given_ancient", "34_published_book_magazine", "44_ibn_islamic_muhammad", "45_chinese_china_japanese", "25_music_opera_composer", "18_art_painter_artist", "40_album_song_music", "88_earthquake_hawaii_mori", "22_company_information_technology", "91_scout_conus_scouts", "72_regiment_army_battalion", "61_hospital_university_college", "29_university_professor_research", "10_german_norwegian_french", "7_act_law_united", "96_weather_amber_vietnamese", "37_university_college_born", "74_bank_company_oil", "8_film_films_directed", "21_russian_soviet_party", "31_footballer_plays_club", "66_church_comune_italy", "35_roman_greek_rome", "60_united nations_party_minister", "32_municipality_province_river", "42_spanish_party_mexican" ]

[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Camden, New Jersey", "Economy of North Korea", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Sustainable fashion", "Flint water crisis", "Ethnomusicology", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Nuclear power", "ASEAN", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "South African contract law", "Networked advocacy", "Energy conservation", "History of women in the United States", "Economy of Morocco", "Smart grid", "Environmental governance", "Economy of Egypt", "History of the United Kingdom", "Armies in the American Civil War", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Environmental, social, and corporate governance", "Health care systems by country", "Computer security", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Imperial Roman army", "Affordable housing in Canada", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", "History of agriculture in China", "Havana", "Logology (science)", "Reading", "Reliability engineering", "Sustainable city", "Police corruption", "Walmart", "Educational technology", "Recycling", "Technological and industrial history of the United States", "Labor history of the United States", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Puerto Rico", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "History of the United States", "Project management", "Cooperative", "History of Guatemala", "Climate change in New Zealand", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Economy of England", "Acorn Archimedes", "Telehealth", "Renewable energy", "History of Mexican Americans", "Maritime history of California", "Economy of Scotland", "Pension", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Public–private partnership", "Economy of Pakistan", "Economic history of Japan", "Royalty payment", "Incarceration in the United States", "Underwater diving", "Climate change policy of the United States", "Economic growth", "Adaptive reuse", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "Economic history of Mexico", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "History of Lisbon", "Nuclear safety and security", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Automation", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment", "Outsourcing", "Tesla, Inc.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "Future developments in Singapore", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "History of education in the United States", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Economy of Mexico", "LEED", "Sustainable design", "Deficit reduction in the United States", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Neoliberalism", "Education in Haiti", "Tesla Autopilot", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Strategic management", "Social media", "Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great Recession", "Apartheid", "History of the Southern United States", "Border control", "Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Tort", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Organic farming", "Creativity", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of Western civilization", "Employment discrimination", "Social Security (United States)", "Net neutrality", "Progressive Era", "Women in the workforce", "South African criminal law", "Medicare (United States)", "Electricity policy of Ontario", "Oil sands", "Scuba diving", "Poverty reduction", "Roman Empire", "Climate change in Australia", "Sweden", "Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "England", "Donald Trump", "History of Poland", "Education in South Korea", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Detroit", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "English trust law", "Havana Plan Piloto", "China–United States relations", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German 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{ "en": "Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (Top-40) and also a list the largest global firms (Top-250, by amount of work they are doing outside their home country). In 2014, ENR compiled the data in nine market segments. It was divided as transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewer/waste, telecom, hazardous waste plus a tenth category for other projects. In their reporting on the Top 400, they used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors.", "hi": "इंजीनियरिंग न्यूज-रिकॉर्ड (ENR) निर्माण उद्योग के लिए एक व्यापार पत्रिका है। प्रत्येक वर्ष, ENR डिजाइन और निर्माण कंपनियों के आकार के बारे में डेटा का संकलन और रिपोर्ट करता है। वे संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में सबसे बड़ी कंपनियों की सूची (टॉप -40) और सबसे बड़ी वैश्विक फर्मों की सूची (टॉप -250, अपने गृह राष्ट्र के बाहर उनके हो रहे काम के आधार पर) प्रकाशित करते हैं। 2014 में, ENR ने नौ मार्केट भागों में डेटा संकलित किया। इसे अन्य परियोजनाओं के लिए परिवहन, पेट्रोलियम, भवन, बिजली, औद्योगिक, जल, विनिर्माण, सीवर/अपशिष्ट, दूरसंचार, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और दसवें श्रेणी के रूप में विभाजित किया गया था। शीर्ष 400 पर अपनी रिपोर्टिंग में, उन्होंने फर्मों को भारी ठेकेदारों के रूप में रैंक करने के लिए परिवहन, सीवर, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और पानी पर डेटा का उपयोग किया।" }

{ "en": "What compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies?", "hi": "डिजाइन और निर्माण कंपनियों के आकार के बारे में डेटा का संकलन और रिपोर्ट कौन करता है?" }

{ "en": [ "ENR" ], "hi": [ "इंजीनियरिंग न्यूज-रिकॉर्ड (ENR)" ] }

{ "en": [ 92, 0, 0 ], "hi": [ 0 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. 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Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (Top-40) and also a list the largest global firms (Top-250, by amount of work they are doing outside their home country). In 2014, ENR compiled the data in nine market segments. It was divided as transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewer/waste, telecom, hazardous waste plus a tenth category for other projects. In their reporting on the Top 400, they used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors.", "hi": "इंजीनियरिंग न्यूज-रिकॉर्ड (ENR) निर्माण उद्योग के लिए एक व्यापार पत्रिका है। प्रत्येक वर्ष, ENR डिजाइन और निर्माण कंपनियों के आकार के बारे में डेटा का संकलन और रिपोर्ट करता है। वे संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में सबसे बड़ी कंपनियों की सूची (टॉप -40) और सबसे बड़ी वैश्विक फर्मों की सूची (टॉप -250, अपने गृह राष्ट्र के बाहर उनके हो रहे काम के आधार पर) प्रकाशित करते हैं। 2014 में, ENR ने नौ मार्केट भागों में डेटा संकलित किया। इसे अन्य परियोजनाओं के लिए परिवहन, पेट्रोलियम, भवन, बिजली, औद्योगिक, जल, विनिर्माण, सीवर/अपशिष्ट, दूरसंचार, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और दसवें श्रेणी के रूप में विभाजित किया गया था। शीर्ष 400 पर अपनी रिपोर्टिंग में, उन्होंने फर्मों को भारी ठेकेदारों के रूप में रैंक करने के लिए परिवहन, सीवर, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और पानी पर डेटा का उपयोग किया।" }

{ "en": "In what year did ENR compile data in nine market segments?", "hi": "ENR ने किस वर्ष नौ बाजार खंडों में डेटा संकलित किया?" }

{ "en": [ "2014" ], "hi": [ "2014" ] }

{ "en": [ 369, 369, 369 ], "hi": [ 363 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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Recession", "Apartheid", "History of the Southern United States", "Border control", "Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Tort", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Organic farming", "Creativity", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of Western civilization", "Employment discrimination", "Social Security (United States)", "Net neutrality", "Progressive Era", "Women in the workforce", "South African criminal law", "Medicare (United States)", "Electricity policy of Ontario", "Oil sands", "Scuba diving", "Poverty reduction", "Roman Empire", "Climate change in Australia", "Sweden", "Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "England", "Donald Trump", "History of Poland", "Education in South Korea", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Detroit", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "English trust law", "Havana Plan Piloto", "China–United States relations", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (Top-40) and also a list the largest global firms (Top-250, by amount of work they are doing outside their home country). In 2014, ENR compiled the data in nine market segments. It was divided as transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewer/waste, telecom, hazardous waste plus a tenth category for other projects. In their reporting on the Top 400, they used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors.", "hi": "इंजीनियरिंग न्यूज-रिकॉर्ड (ENR) निर्माण उद्योग के लिए एक व्यापार पत्रिका है। प्रत्येक वर्ष, ENR डिजाइन और निर्माण कंपनियों के आकार के बारे में डेटा का संकलन और रिपोर्ट करता है। वे संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में सबसे बड़ी कंपनियों की सूची (टॉप -40) और सबसे बड़ी वैश्विक फर्मों की सूची (टॉप -250, अपने गृह राष्ट्र के बाहर उनके हो रहे काम के आधार पर) प्रकाशित करते हैं। 2014 में, ENR ने नौ मार्केट भागों में डेटा संकलित किया। इसे अन्य परियोजनाओं के लिए परिवहन, पेट्रोलियम, भवन, बिजली, औद्योगिक, जल, विनिर्माण, सीवर/अपशिष्ट, दूरसंचार, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और दसवें श्रेणी के रूप में विभाजित किया गया था। शीर्ष 400 पर अपनी रिपोर्टिंग में, उन्होंने फर्मों को भारी ठेकेदारों के रूप में रैंक करने के लिए परिवहन, सीवर, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और पानी पर डेटा का उपयोग किया।" }

{ "en": "ENR used data on what to rank Top 400 firms as heavy contractors?", "hi": "ENR ने भारी ठेकेदारों के रूप में शीर्ष 400 कंपनियों को क्या रैंक करने के लिए डेटा का उपयोग किया?" }

{ "en": [ "transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water" ], "hi": [ "परिवहन, सीवर, खतरनाक अपशिष्ट और पानी" ] }

{ "en": [ 652, 644, 652 ], "hi": [ 686 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Camden, New Jersey", "Economy of North Korea", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Sustainable fashion", "Flint water crisis", "Ethnomusicology", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Nuclear power", "ASEAN", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "South African contract law", "Networked advocacy", "Energy conservation", "History of women in the United States", "Economy of Morocco", "Smart grid", "Environmental governance", "Economy of Egypt", "History of the United Kingdom", "Armies in the American Civil War", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Environmental, social, and corporate governance", "Health care systems by country", "Computer security", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Imperial Roman army", "Affordable housing in Canada", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", 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Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German 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in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of 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Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers (firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).", "hi": "मानक औद्योगिक वर्गीकरण और नवीन उत्तर अमेरिकी उद्योग वर्गीकरण प्रणाली निर्माण में संलग्न या प्रदर्शन करने वाली कंपनियों के लिए एक वर्गीकरण प्रणाली है। इस क्षेत्र की कंपनियों के अंतर को पहचानने के लिए, इन्हे तीन उप-क्षेत्रों में विभाजित किया गया है: भवन निर्माण, भारी और सिविल इंजीनियरिंग निर्माण, और विशेष व्यापार ठेकेदार। निर्माण सेवा फर्मों (जैसे, इंजीनियरिंग, आर्किटेक्चर) और निर्माण प्रबंधकों के लिए भी श्रेणियां हैं (निर्माण परियोजनाओं को पूरा करने के लिए प्रत्यक्ष वित्तीय जिम्मेदारी संभालने के बिना निर्माण परियोजनाओं के प्रबंधन में लगी फर्म)।" }

{ "en": "What are the three construction subsectors?", "hi": "तीन निर्माण उपसमूह क्या हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors" ], "hi": [ "भवन निर्माण, भारी और सिविल इंजीनियरिंग निर्माण, और विशेष व्यापार ठेकेदार" ] }

{ "en": [ 287, 287, 287 ], "hi": [ 248 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

[ "85_station_radio_radio station", "79_station_radio_radio station", "94_crater_rim_lunar", "97_bee family_bee_described", "95_curling_curling championships_curling championship", "19_moth_family_wingspan", "39_voivodeship_gmina_poland", "69_gastropod_snail_marine gastropod", "80_route_highway_state", "71_beetle_species beetle_beetle family", "9_district_rural district_province iran", "67_league_football_club", "6_parish_railway_england", "76_glacier_antarctic_island", "16_india_district_village", "73_tennis_doubles_singles", "62_cricket_cricketer_firstclass", "33_footballer_played_league", "56_film_indian_directed", "75_species_bird_subtropical tropical", "82_stakes_horse_race", "78_star_asteroid_constellation", "89_athletics_championships_metres", "23_municipality_germany_station", "49_team_season_football", "92_beetle_genus_species beetle", "90_miss_pageant_miss universe", "87_formation_geologic_geologic formation", "4_album_song_released", "63_hockey_league_hockey league", "65_species_genus_butterfly", "47_species_genus_fish", "2_album_band_released", "83_golf_tour_pga", "54_navy_ship_uss", "27_football_baseball_played", "77_station_line_km", "59_games_summer_championships", "68_race_racing_championship", "20_species_plant_genus", "55_station_china_province", "81_events_events year_year", "48_school_high school_high", "24_river_island_lake", "46_aircraft_engine_designed", "84_frog_species frog_species", "99_everest_climbing_mount everest", "15_historic_house_building", "86_airline_airlines_air", "93_calendar_year_bc year", "14_fc_football_club", "3_county_township_census", "51_game_games_video game", "13_sir_son_john", "5_olympics_competed_summer olympics", "12_municipality_village_river", "53_election_party_assembly", "52_radio_television_channel", "64_war_army_officer", "1_film_series_television", "28_protein_enzyme_gene", "36_software_data_computer", "26_india_indian_college", "57_commune_france_department", "98_boat_boat race_race", "38_football_cup_teams", "58_wrestling_professional_boxing", "70_theory_function_theorem", "11_novel_series_book", "30_population_town_language", "17_served_republican_state", "41_used_water_energy", "50_company_food_restaurant", "43_surname_given_ancient", "34_published_book_magazine", "44_ibn_islamic_muhammad", "45_chinese_china_japanese", "25_music_opera_composer", "18_art_painter_artist", "40_album_song_music", "88_earthquake_hawaii_mori", "22_company_information_technology", "91_scout_conus_scouts", "72_regiment_army_battalion", "61_hospital_university_college", "29_university_professor_research", "10_german_norwegian_french", "7_act_law_united", "96_weather_amber_vietnamese", "37_university_college_born", "74_bank_company_oil", "8_film_films_directed", "21_russian_soviet_party", "31_footballer_plays_club", "66_church_comune_italy", "35_roman_greek_rome", "60_united nations_party_minister", "32_municipality_province_river", "42_spanish_party_mexican" ]

[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Camden, New Jersey", "Economy of North Korea", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Sustainable fashion", "Flint water crisis", "Ethnomusicology", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Nuclear power", "ASEAN", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "South African contract law", "Networked advocacy", "Energy conservation", "History of women in the United States", "Economy of Morocco", "Smart grid", "Environmental governance", "Economy of Egypt", "History of the United Kingdom", "Armies in the American Civil War", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Environmental, social, and corporate governance", "Health care systems by country", "Computer security", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Imperial Roman army", "Affordable housing in Canada", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", "History of agriculture in China", "Havana", "Logology (science)", "Reading", "Reliability engineering", "Sustainable city", "Police corruption", "Walmart", "Educational technology", "Recycling", "Technological and industrial history of the United States", "Labor history of the United States", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Puerto Rico", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "History of the United States", "Project management", "Cooperative", "History of Guatemala", "Climate change in New Zealand", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Economy of England", "Acorn Archimedes", "Telehealth", "Renewable energy", "History of Mexican Americans", "Maritime history of California", "Economy of Scotland", "Pension", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Public–private partnership", "Economy of Pakistan", "Economic history of Japan", "Royalty payment", "Incarceration in the United States", "Underwater diving", "Climate change policy of the United States", "Economic growth", "Adaptive reuse", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "Economic history of Mexico", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "History of Lisbon", "Nuclear safety and security", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Automation", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment", "Outsourcing", "Tesla, Inc.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "Future developments in Singapore", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "History of education in the United States", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Economy of Mexico", "LEED", "Sustainable design", "Deficit reduction in the United States", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Neoliberalism", "Education in Haiti", "Tesla Autopilot", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Strategic management", "Social media", "Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great Recession", "Apartheid", "History of the Southern United States", "Border control", "Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Tort", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Organic farming", "Creativity", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of Western civilization", "Employment discrimination", "Social Security (United States)", "Net neutrality", "Progressive Era", "Women in the workforce", "South African criminal law", "Medicare (United States)", "Electricity policy of Ontario", "Oil sands", "Scuba diving", "Poverty reduction", "Roman Empire", "Climate change in Australia", "Sweden", "Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "England", "Donald Trump", "History of Poland", "Education in South Korea", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Detroit", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "English trust law", "Havana Plan Piloto", "China–United States relations", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers (firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).", "hi": "मानक औद्योगिक वर्गीकरण और नवीन उत्तर अमेरिकी उद्योग वर्गीकरण प्रणाली निर्माण में संलग्न या प्रदर्शन करने वाली कंपनियों के लिए एक वर्गीकरण प्रणाली है। इस क्षेत्र की कंपनियों के अंतर को पहचानने के लिए, इन्हे तीन उप-क्षेत्रों में विभाजित किया गया है: भवन निर्माण, भारी और सिविल इंजीनियरिंग निर्माण, और विशेष व्यापार ठेकेदार। निर्माण सेवा फर्मों (जैसे, इंजीनियरिंग, आर्किटेक्चर) और निर्माण प्रबंधकों के लिए भी श्रेणियां हैं (निर्माण परियोजनाओं को पूरा करने के लिए प्रत्यक्ष वित्तीय जिम्मेदारी संभालने के बिना निर्माण परियोजनाओं के प्रबंधन में लगी फर्म)।" }

{ "en": "There are other categories for what?", "hi": "अन्य श्रेणियां किसके लिए हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers" ], "hi": [ "निर्माण सेवा फर्मों (जैसे, इंजीनियरिंग, आर्किटेक्चर) और निर्माण प्रबंधकों" ] }

{ "en": [ 415, 428, 415 ], "hi": [ 322 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

[ "85_station_radio_radio station", "79_station_radio_radio station", "94_crater_rim_lunar", "97_bee family_bee_described", "95_curling_curling championships_curling championship", "19_moth_family_wingspan", "39_voivodeship_gmina_poland", "69_gastropod_snail_marine gastropod", "80_route_highway_state", "71_beetle_species beetle_beetle family", "9_district_rural district_province iran", "67_league_football_club", "6_parish_railway_england", "76_glacier_antarctic_island", "16_india_district_village", "73_tennis_doubles_singles", "62_cricket_cricketer_firstclass", "33_footballer_played_league", "56_film_indian_directed", "75_species_bird_subtropical tropical", "82_stakes_horse_race", "78_star_asteroid_constellation", "89_athletics_championships_metres", "23_municipality_germany_station", "49_team_season_football", "92_beetle_genus_species beetle", "90_miss_pageant_miss universe", "87_formation_geologic_geologic formation", "4_album_song_released", "63_hockey_league_hockey league", "65_species_genus_butterfly", "47_species_genus_fish", "2_album_band_released", "83_golf_tour_pga", "54_navy_ship_uss", "27_football_baseball_played", "77_station_line_km", "59_games_summer_championships", "68_race_racing_championship", "20_species_plant_genus", "55_station_china_province", "81_events_events year_year", "48_school_high school_high", "24_river_island_lake", "46_aircraft_engine_designed", "84_frog_species frog_species", "99_everest_climbing_mount everest", "15_historic_house_building", "86_airline_airlines_air", "93_calendar_year_bc year", "14_fc_football_club", "3_county_township_census", "51_game_games_video game", "13_sir_son_john", "5_olympics_competed_summer olympics", "12_municipality_village_river", "53_election_party_assembly", "52_radio_television_channel", "64_war_army_officer", "1_film_series_television", "28_protein_enzyme_gene", "36_software_data_computer", "26_india_indian_college", "57_commune_france_department", "98_boat_boat race_race", "38_football_cup_teams", "58_wrestling_professional_boxing", "70_theory_function_theorem", "11_novel_series_book", "30_population_town_language", "17_served_republican_state", "41_used_water_energy", "50_company_food_restaurant", "43_surname_given_ancient", "34_published_book_magazine", "44_ibn_islamic_muhammad", "45_chinese_china_japanese", "25_music_opera_composer", "18_art_painter_artist", "40_album_song_music", "88_earthquake_hawaii_mori", "22_company_information_technology", "91_scout_conus_scouts", "72_regiment_army_battalion", "61_hospital_university_college", "29_university_professor_research", "10_german_norwegian_french", "7_act_law_united", "96_weather_amber_vietnamese", "37_university_college_born", "74_bank_company_oil", "8_film_films_directed", "21_russian_soviet_party", "31_footballer_plays_club", "66_church_comune_italy", "35_roman_greek_rome", "60_united nations_party_minister", "32_municipality_province_river", "42_spanish_party_mexican" ]

[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. 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Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic 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{ "en": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers (firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).", "hi": "मानक औद्योगिक वर्गीकरण और नवीन उत्तर अमेरिकी उद्योग वर्गीकरण प्रणाली निर्माण में संलग्न या प्रदर्शन करने वाली कंपनियों के लिए एक वर्गीकरण प्रणाली है। इस क्षेत्र की कंपनियों के अंतर को पहचानने के लिए, इन्हे तीन उप-क्षेत्रों में विभाजित किया गया है: भवन निर्माण, भारी और सिविल इंजीनियरिंग निर्माण, और विशेष व्यापार ठेकेदार। निर्माण सेवा फर्मों (जैसे, इंजीनियरिंग, आर्किटेक्चर) और निर्माण प्रबंधकों के लिए भी श्रेणियां हैं (निर्माण परियोजनाओं को पूरा करने के लिए प्रत्यक्ष वित्तीय जिम्मेदारी संभालने के बिना निर्माण परियोजनाओं के प्रबंधन में लगी फर्म)।" }

{ "en": "What has a classification system for construction companies?", "hi": "निर्माण कंपनियों के लिए एक वर्गीकरण प्रणाली क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System" ], "hi": [ "मानक औद्योगिक वर्गीकरण और नवीन उत्तर अमेरिकी उद्योग वर्गीकरण प्रणाली" ] }

{ "en": [ 0, 4, 0 ], "hi": [ 0 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic 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{ "en": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers (firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).", "hi": "मानक औद्योगिक वर्गीकरण और नवीन उत्तर अमेरिकी उद्योग वर्गीकरण प्रणाली निर्माण में संलग्न या प्रदर्शन करने वाली कंपनियों के लिए एक वर्गीकरण प्रणाली है। इस क्षेत्र की कंपनियों के अंतर को पहचानने के लिए, इन्हे तीन उप-क्षेत्रों में विभाजित किया गया है: भवन निर्माण, भारी और सिविल इंजीनियरिंग निर्माण, और विशेष व्यापार ठेकेदार। निर्माण सेवा फर्मों (जैसे, इंजीनियरिंग, आर्किटेक्चर) और निर्माण प्रबंधकों के लिए भी श्रेणियां हैं (निर्माण परियोजनाओं को पूरा करने के लिए प्रत्यक्ष वित्तीय जिम्मेदारी संभालने के बिना निर्माण परियोजनाओं के प्रबंधन में लगी फर्म)।" }

{ "en": "What are construction managers?", "hi": "निर्माण प्रबंधक क्या हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project" ], "hi": [ "निर्माण परियोजनाओं को पूरा करने के लिए प्रत्यक्ष वित्तीय जिम्मेदारी संभालने के बिना निर्माण परियोजनाओं के प्रबंधन में लगी फर्म" ] }

{ "en": [ 503, 503, 502 ], "hi": [ 421 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. 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"Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German 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private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic 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Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, a firm that is nominally an \"architecture\" or \"construction management\" firm may have experts from all related fields as employees, or to have an associated company that provides each necessary skill. Thus, each such firm may offer itself as \"one-stop shopping\" for a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a \"design build\" contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications.", "hi": "डिजाइन में आधुनिक प्रवृत्ति पहले से अलग की गयी विशेषताओं के एकीकरण की ओर है, विशेष रूप से बड़ी फर्मों के बीच। अतीत में, वास्तुकार, आंतरिक डिजाइनर, अभियंता, डेवलपर्स, निर्माण प्रबंधक और सामान्य ठेकेदार के एक पूरी तरह से अलग कंपनी होने की संभावना होती थी। वर्तमान में, एक फर्म जो मुख्य रूप से एक \"आर्किटेक्चर\" या \"निर्माण प्रबंधन\" फर्म है, के पास कर्मचारियों में संबंधित सभी क्षेत्रों के विशेषज्ञ हो सकते हैं, या एक संबद्ध कंपनी हो सकती है जो प्रत्येक आवश्यक कौशल को प्रदान करती है। इस प्रकार, प्रत्येक ऐसी फर्म शुरू से अंत तक एक निर्माण परियोजना के लिए \"वन-स्टॉप शॉपिंग\" के रूप में खुद को पेश कर सकती है। इसे एक \"डिज़ाइन बिल्ड\" कॉन्ट्रैक्ट के रूप में नामित किया गया है, जहाँ ठेकेदार को एक प्रदर्शन विनिर्देश दिया जाता है और प्रदर्शन विनिर्देशों का पालन करते हुए, डिज़ाइन से निर्माण तक का कार्य होना चाहिए।" }

{ "en": "The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?", "hi": "डिजाइन में आधुनिक प्रवृत्ति किस के एकीकरण की ओर है?" }

{ "en": [ "previously separated specialties" ], "hi": [ "पहले से अलग की गयी विशेषताओं" ] }

{ "en": [ 52, 52, 52 ], "hi": [ 28 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German 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in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, a firm that is nominally an \"architecture\" or \"construction management\" firm may have experts from all related fields as employees, or to have an associated company that provides each necessary skill. Thus, each such firm may offer itself as \"one-stop shopping\" for a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a \"design build\" contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications.", "hi": "डिजाइन में आधुनिक प्रवृत्ति पहले से अलग की गयी विशेषताओं के एकीकरण की ओर है, विशेष रूप से बड़ी फर्मों के बीच। अतीत में, वास्तुकार, आंतरिक डिजाइनर, अभियंता, डेवलपर्स, निर्माण प्रबंधक और सामान्य ठेकेदार के एक पूरी तरह से अलग कंपनी होने की संभावना होती थी। वर्तमान में, एक फर्म जो मुख्य रूप से एक \"आर्किटेक्चर\" या \"निर्माण प्रबंधन\" फर्म है, के पास कर्मचारियों में संबंधित सभी क्षेत्रों के विशेषज्ञ हो सकते हैं, या एक संबद्ध कंपनी हो सकती है जो प्रत्येक आवश्यक कौशल को प्रदान करती है। इस प्रकार, प्रत्येक ऐसी फर्म शुरू से अंत तक एक निर्माण परियोजना के लिए \"वन-स्टॉप शॉपिंग\" के रूप में खुद को पेश कर सकती है। इसे एक \"डिज़ाइन बिल्ड\" कॉन्ट्रैक्ट के रूप में नामित किया गया है, जहाँ ठेकेदार को एक प्रदर्शन विनिर्देश दिया जाता है और प्रदर्शन विनिर्देशों का पालन करते हुए, डिज़ाइन से निर्माण तक का कार्य होना चाहिए।" }

{ "en": "Even in large firms, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?", "hi": "यहां तक ​​कि बड़ी फर्मों में, आर्किटेक्ट, इंटीरियर डिजाइनर, इंजीनियर, डेवलपर्स, निर्माण प्रबंधक और सामान्य ठेकेदारों के क्या होने की अधिक संभावना थी?" }

{ "en": [ "entirely separate companies" ], "hi": [ "पूरी तरह से अलग कंपनी" ] }

{ "en": [ 254, 254, 254 ], "hi": [ 207 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", 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Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. 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Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, a firm that is nominally an \"architecture\" or \"construction management\" firm may have experts from all related fields as employees, or to have an associated company that provides each necessary skill. Thus, each such firm may offer itself as \"one-stop shopping\" for a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a \"design build\" contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications.", "hi": "डिजाइन में आधुनिक प्रवृत्ति पहले से अलग की गयी विशेषताओं के एकीकरण की ओर है, विशेष रूप से बड़ी फर्मों के बीच। अतीत में, वास्तुकार, आंतरिक डिजाइनर, अभियंता, डेवलपर्स, निर्माण प्रबंधक और सामान्य ठेकेदार के एक पूरी तरह से अलग कंपनी होने की संभावना होती थी। वर्तमान में, एक फर्म जो मुख्य रूप से एक \"आर्किटेक्चर\" या \"निर्माण प्रबंधन\" फर्म है, के पास कर्मचारियों में संबंधित सभी क्षेत्रों के विशेषज्ञ हो सकते हैं, या एक संबद्ध कंपनी हो सकती है जो प्रत्येक आवश्यक कौशल को प्रदान करती है। इस प्रकार, प्रत्येक ऐसी फर्म शुरू से अंत तक एक निर्माण परियोजना के लिए \"वन-स्टॉप शॉपिंग\" के रूप में खुद को पेश कर सकती है। इसे एक \"डिज़ाइन बिल्ड\" कॉन्ट्रैक्ट के रूप में नामित किया गया है, जहाँ ठेकेदार को एक प्रदर्शन विनिर्देश दिया जाता है और प्रदर्शन विनिर्देशों का पालन करते हुए, डिज़ाइन से निर्माण तक का कार्य होना चाहिए।" }

{ "en": "In modern times, firms may offer themselves as what for a construction project?", "hi": "आधुनिक समय में, कंपनियां खुद को एक निर्माण परियोजना के लिए किस रूप में पेश कर सकती हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "\"one-stop shopping\"" ], "hi": [ "\"वन-स्टॉप शॉपिंग\"" ] }

{ "en": [ 562, 563, 562 ], "hi": [ 552 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

[ "85_station_radio_radio station", "79_station_radio_radio station", "94_crater_rim_lunar", "97_bee family_bee_described", "95_curling_curling championships_curling championship", "19_moth_family_wingspan", "39_voivodeship_gmina_poland", "69_gastropod_snail_marine gastropod", "80_route_highway_state", "71_beetle_species beetle_beetle family", "9_district_rural district_province iran", "67_league_football_club", "6_parish_railway_england", "76_glacier_antarctic_island", "16_india_district_village", "73_tennis_doubles_singles", "62_cricket_cricketer_firstclass", "33_footballer_played_league", "56_film_indian_directed", "75_species_bird_subtropical tropical", "82_stakes_horse_race", "78_star_asteroid_constellation", "89_athletics_championships_metres", "23_municipality_germany_station", "49_team_season_football", "92_beetle_genus_species beetle", "90_miss_pageant_miss universe", "87_formation_geologic_geologic formation", "4_album_song_released", "63_hockey_league_hockey league", "65_species_genus_butterfly", "47_species_genus_fish", "2_album_band_released", "83_golf_tour_pga", "54_navy_ship_uss", "27_football_baseball_played", "77_station_line_km", "59_games_summer_championships", "68_race_racing_championship", "20_species_plant_genus", "55_station_china_province", "81_events_events year_year", "48_school_high school_high", "24_river_island_lake", "46_aircraft_engine_designed", "84_frog_species frog_species", "99_everest_climbing_mount everest", "15_historic_house_building", "86_airline_airlines_air", "93_calendar_year_bc year", "14_fc_football_club", "3_county_township_census", "51_game_games_video game", "13_sir_son_john", "5_olympics_competed_summer olympics", "12_municipality_village_river", "53_election_party_assembly", "52_radio_television_channel", "64_war_army_officer", "1_film_series_television", "28_protein_enzyme_gene", "36_software_data_computer", "26_india_indian_college", "57_commune_france_department", "98_boat_boat race_race", "38_football_cup_teams", "58_wrestling_professional_boxing", "70_theory_function_theorem", "11_novel_series_book", "30_population_town_language", "17_served_republican_state", "41_used_water_energy", "50_company_food_restaurant", "43_surname_given_ancient", "34_published_book_magazine", "44_ibn_islamic_muhammad", "45_chinese_china_japanese", "25_music_opera_composer", "18_art_painter_artist", "40_album_song_music", "88_earthquake_hawaii_mori", "22_company_information_technology", "91_scout_conus_scouts", "72_regiment_army_battalion", "61_hospital_university_college", "29_university_professor_research", "10_german_norwegian_french", "7_act_law_united", "96_weather_amber_vietnamese", "37_university_college_born", "74_bank_company_oil", "8_film_films_directed", "21_russian_soviet_party", "31_footballer_plays_club", "66_church_comune_italy", "35_roman_greek_rome", "60_united nations_party_minister", "32_municipality_province_river", "42_spanish_party_mexican" ]

[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Camden, New Jersey", "Economy of North Korea", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Sustainable fashion", "Flint water crisis", "Ethnomusicology", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Nuclear power", "ASEAN", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "South African contract law", "Networked advocacy", "Energy conservation", "History of women in the United States", "Economy of Morocco", "Smart grid", "Environmental governance", "Economy of Egypt", "History of the United Kingdom", "Armies in the American Civil War", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Environmental, social, and corporate governance", "Health care systems by country", "Computer security", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Imperial Roman army", "Affordable housing in Canada", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", "History of agriculture in China", "Havana", "Logology (science)", "Reading", "Reliability engineering", "Sustainable city", "Police corruption", "Walmart", "Educational technology", "Recycling", "Technological and industrial history of the United States", "Labor history of the United States", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Puerto Rico", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "History of the United States", "Project management", "Cooperative", "History of Guatemala", "Climate change in New Zealand", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Economy of England", "Acorn Archimedes", "Telehealth", "Renewable energy", "History of Mexican Americans", "Maritime history of California", "Economy of Scotland", "Pension", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Public–private partnership", "Economy of Pakistan", "Economic history of Japan", "Royalty payment", "Incarceration in the United States", "Underwater diving", "Climate change policy of the United States", "Economic growth", "Adaptive reuse", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "Economic history of Mexico", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "History of Lisbon", "Nuclear safety and security", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Automation", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment", "Outsourcing", "Tesla, Inc.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "Future developments in Singapore", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "History of education in the United States", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Economy of Mexico", "LEED", "Sustainable design", "Deficit reduction in the United States", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Neoliberalism", "Education in Haiti", "Tesla Autopilot", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Strategic management", "Social media", "Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great Recession", "Apartheid", "History of the Southern United States", "Border control", "Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Tort", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Organic farming", "Creativity", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of Western civilization", "Employment discrimination", "Social Security (United States)", "Net neutrality", "Progressive Era", "Women in the workforce", "South African criminal law", "Medicare (United States)", "Electricity policy of Ontario", "Oil sands", "Scuba diving", "Poverty reduction", "Roman Empire", "Climate change in Australia", "Sweden", "Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "England", "Donald Trump", "History of Poland", "Education in South Korea", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Detroit", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "English trust law", "Havana Plan Piloto", "China–United States relations", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, a firm that is nominally an \"architecture\" or \"construction management\" firm may have experts from all related fields as employees, or to have an associated company that provides each necessary skill. Thus, each such firm may offer itself as \"one-stop shopping\" for a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a \"design build\" contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications.", "hi": "डिजाइन में आधुनिक प्रवृत्ति पहले से अलग की गयी विशेषताओं के एकीकरण की ओर है, विशेष रूप से बड़ी फर्मों के बीच। अतीत में, वास्तुकार, आंतरिक डिजाइनर, अभियंता, डेवलपर्स, निर्माण प्रबंधक और सामान्य ठेकेदार के एक पूरी तरह से अलग कंपनी होने की संभावना होती थी। वर्तमान में, एक फर्म जो मुख्य रूप से एक \"आर्किटेक्चर\" या \"निर्माण प्रबंधन\" फर्म है, के पास कर्मचारियों में संबंधित सभी क्षेत्रों के विशेषज्ञ हो सकते हैं, या एक संबद्ध कंपनी हो सकती है जो प्रत्येक आवश्यक कौशल को प्रदान करती है। इस प्रकार, प्रत्येक ऐसी फर्म शुरू से अंत तक एक निर्माण परियोजना के लिए \"वन-स्टॉप शॉपिंग\" के रूप में खुद को पेश कर सकती है। इसे एक \"डिज़ाइन बिल्ड\" कॉन्ट्रैक्ट के रूप में नामित किया गया है, जहाँ ठेकेदार को एक प्रदर्शन विनिर्देश दिया जाता है और प्रदर्शन विनिर्देशों का पालन करते हुए, डिज़ाइन से निर्माण तक का कार्य होना चाहिए।" }

{ "en": "What kind of contract is given when the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications?", "hi": "जब ठेकेदार को एक प्रदर्शन विनिर्देश दिया जाता है और प्रदर्शन विनिर्देशों का पालन करते हुए डिजाइन से निर्माण तक परियोजना का कार्य करना चाहिए, तो किस तरह का अनुबंध दिया जाता है?" }

{ "en": [ "\"design build\" contract" ], "hi": [ "\"डिज़ाइन बिल्ड\" कॉन्ट्रैक्ट" ] }

{ "en": [ 657, 658, 657 ], "hi": [ 611 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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"Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great 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Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. 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private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic 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{ "en": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner. Some legal requirements come from malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad – bridge collapses or explosions. Other legal requirements come from malum prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district. An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built, either by arguing that a rule is inapplicable (the bridge design will not cause a collapse), or that the custom is no longer needed (acceptance of live-work spaces has grown in the community).", "hi": "परियोजना को ज़ोनिंग और बिल्डिंग कोड की आवश्यकताओं का पालन करना आवश्यक है। कोड का पालन करने में विफल रहने वाली किसी परियोजना का निर्माण करने से मालिक को लाभ नहीं होता है । कुछ कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम इन से विचार द्वारा आती हैं, या उन चीजों को रोकने की इच्छा जो निर्विवाद रूप से खराब हैं - पुल ढहना या विस्फोट। अन्य कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम प्रोहिबिटुम विचारों, या ऐसी चीजें जो रिवाज या अपेक्षा का विषय हैं से आती हैं, जैसे कि किसी व्यवसाय को व्यवसायिक जिले और आवास को आवासीय जिले में अलग करना। एक वकील कानून में बदलाव या छूट की मांग कर सकता है जो उस भूमि को नियंत्रित करता है जहां इमारत का निर्माण किया जाएगा, या तो यह तर्क देकर कि एक नियम अनुचित है (पुल का डिज़ाइन टूटने का कारण नहीं होगा), या कि रिवाज की अब जरूरत नहीं है (समुदाय में लाइव-वर्क स्पेस की स्वीकृति बढ़ गई है)।" }

{ "en": "What must a project adhere to?", "hi": "एक परियोजना को क्या पालन करना चाहिए?" }

{ "en": [ "zoning and building code requirements" ], "hi": [ "ज़ोनिंग और बिल्डिंग कोड की आवश्यकताओं" ] }

{ "en": [ 27, 27, 27 ], "hi": [ 12 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

[ "85_station_radio_radio station", "79_station_radio_radio station", "94_crater_rim_lunar", "97_bee family_bee_described", "95_curling_curling championships_curling championship", "19_moth_family_wingspan", "39_voivodeship_gmina_poland", "69_gastropod_snail_marine gastropod", "80_route_highway_state", "71_beetle_species beetle_beetle family", "9_district_rural district_province iran", "67_league_football_club", "6_parish_railway_england", "76_glacier_antarctic_island", "16_india_district_village", "73_tennis_doubles_singles", "62_cricket_cricketer_firstclass", "33_footballer_played_league", "56_film_indian_directed", "75_species_bird_subtropical tropical", "82_stakes_horse_race", "78_star_asteroid_constellation", "89_athletics_championships_metres", "23_municipality_germany_station", "49_team_season_football", "92_beetle_genus_species beetle", "90_miss_pageant_miss universe", "87_formation_geologic_geologic formation", "4_album_song_released", "63_hockey_league_hockey league", "65_species_genus_butterfly", "47_species_genus_fish", "2_album_band_released", "83_golf_tour_pga", "54_navy_ship_uss", "27_football_baseball_played", "77_station_line_km", "59_games_summer_championships", "68_race_racing_championship", "20_species_plant_genus", "55_station_china_province", "81_events_events year_year", "48_school_high school_high", "24_river_island_lake", "46_aircraft_engine_designed", "84_frog_species frog_species", "99_everest_climbing_mount everest", "15_historic_house_building", "86_airline_airlines_air", "93_calendar_year_bc year", "14_fc_football_club", "3_county_township_census", "51_game_games_video game", "13_sir_son_john", "5_olympics_competed_summer olympics", "12_municipality_village_river", "53_election_party_assembly", "52_radio_television_channel", "64_war_army_officer", "1_film_series_television", "28_protein_enzyme_gene", "36_software_data_computer", "26_india_indian_college", "57_commune_france_department", "98_boat_boat race_race", "38_football_cup_teams", "58_wrestling_professional_boxing", "70_theory_function_theorem", "11_novel_series_book", "30_population_town_language", "17_served_republican_state", "41_used_water_energy", "50_company_food_restaurant", "43_surname_given_ancient", "34_published_book_magazine", "44_ibn_islamic_muhammad", "45_chinese_china_japanese", "25_music_opera_composer", "18_art_painter_artist", "40_album_song_music", "88_earthquake_hawaii_mori", "22_company_information_technology", "91_scout_conus_scouts", "72_regiment_army_battalion", "61_hospital_university_college", "29_university_professor_research", "10_german_norwegian_french", "7_act_law_united", "96_weather_amber_vietnamese", "37_university_college_born", "74_bank_company_oil", "8_film_films_directed", "21_russian_soviet_party", "31_footballer_plays_club", "66_church_comune_italy", "35_roman_greek_rome", "60_united nations_party_minister", "32_municipality_province_river", "42_spanish_party_mexican" ]

[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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{ "en": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner. Some legal requirements come from malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad – bridge collapses or explosions. Other legal requirements come from malum prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district. An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built, either by arguing that a rule is inapplicable (the bridge design will not cause a collapse), or that the custom is no longer needed (acceptance of live-work spaces has grown in the community).", "hi": "परियोजना को ज़ोनिंग और बिल्डिंग कोड की आवश्यकताओं का पालन करना आवश्यक है। कोड का पालन करने में विफल रहने वाली किसी परियोजना का निर्माण करने से मालिक को लाभ नहीं होता है । कुछ कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम इन से विचार द्वारा आती हैं, या उन चीजों को रोकने की इच्छा जो निर्विवाद रूप से खराब हैं - पुल ढहना या विस्फोट। अन्य कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम प्रोहिबिटुम विचारों, या ऐसी चीजें जो रिवाज या अपेक्षा का विषय हैं से आती हैं, जैसे कि किसी व्यवसाय को व्यवसायिक जिले और आवास को आवासीय जिले में अलग करना। एक वकील कानून में बदलाव या छूट की मांग कर सकता है जो उस भूमि को नियंत्रित करता है जहां इमारत का निर्माण किया जाएगा, या तो यह तर्क देकर कि एक नियम अनुचित है (पुल का डिज़ाइन टूटने का कारण नहीं होगा), या कि रिवाज की अब जरूरत नहीं है (समुदाय में लाइव-वर्क स्पेस की स्वीकृति बढ़ गई है)।" }

{ "en": "Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit whom?", "hi": "कोड का पालन करने में विफल रहने वाली परियोजना का निर्माण करने से किसका फायदा नहीं होता है?" }

{ "en": [ "the owner" ], "hi": [ "मालिक" ] }

{ "en": [ 136, 140, 136 ], "hi": [ 143 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. 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"Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German 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private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic 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Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner. Some legal requirements come from malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad – bridge collapses or explosions. Other legal requirements come from malum prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district. An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built, either by arguing that a rule is inapplicable (the bridge design will not cause a collapse), or that the custom is no longer needed (acceptance of live-work spaces has grown in the community).", "hi": "परियोजना को ज़ोनिंग और बिल्डिंग कोड की आवश्यकताओं का पालन करना आवश्यक है। कोड का पालन करने में विफल रहने वाली किसी परियोजना का निर्माण करने से मालिक को लाभ नहीं होता है । कुछ कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम इन से विचार द्वारा आती हैं, या उन चीजों को रोकने की इच्छा जो निर्विवाद रूप से खराब हैं - पुल ढहना या विस्फोट। अन्य कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम प्रोहिबिटुम विचारों, या ऐसी चीजें जो रिवाज या अपेक्षा का विषय हैं से आती हैं, जैसे कि किसी व्यवसाय को व्यवसायिक जिले और आवास को आवासीय जिले में अलग करना। एक वकील कानून में बदलाव या छूट की मांग कर सकता है जो उस भूमि को नियंत्रित करता है जहां इमारत का निर्माण किया जाएगा, या तो यह तर्क देकर कि एक नियम अनुचित है (पुल का डिज़ाइन टूटने का कारण नहीं होगा), या कि रिवाज की अब जरूरत नहीं है (समुदाय में लाइव-वर्क स्पेस की स्वीकृति बढ़ गई है)।" }

{ "en": "What is malum in se considerations?", "hi": "मलम इन से विचार क्या हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad" ], "hi": [ "उन चीजों को रोकने की इच्छा जो निर्विवाद रूप से खराब हैं" ] }

{ "en": [ 212, 216, 212 ], "hi": [ 228 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

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[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", "History of agriculture in China", "Havana", "Logology (science)", "Reading", "Reliability engineering", "Sustainable city", "Police corruption", "Walmart", "Educational technology", "Recycling", "Technological and industrial history of the United States", "Labor history of the United States", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Puerto Rico", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "History of the United States", "Project management", "Cooperative", "History of Guatemala", "Climate change in New Zealand", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Economy of England", "Acorn Archimedes", "Telehealth", "Renewable energy", "History of Mexican Americans", "Maritime history of California", "Economy of Scotland", "Pension", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Public–private partnership", "Economy of Pakistan", "Economic history of Japan", "Royalty payment", "Incarceration in the United States", "Underwater diving", "Climate change policy of the United States", 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"Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great Recession", "Apartheid", "History of the Southern United States", "Border control", "Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Tort", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Organic farming", "Creativity", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of Western civilization", "Employment discrimination", "Social Security (United States)", "Net neutrality", "Progressive Era", "Women in the workforce", "South African criminal law", "Medicare (United States)", "Electricity policy of Ontario", "Oil sands", "Scuba diving", "Poverty reduction", "Roman Empire", "Climate change in Australia", "Sweden", "Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "England", "Donald Trump", "History of Poland", "Education in South Korea", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Detroit", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "English trust law", "Havana Plan Piloto", "China–United States relations", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner. Some legal requirements come from malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad – bridge collapses or explosions. Other legal requirements come from malum prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district. An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built, either by arguing that a rule is inapplicable (the bridge design will not cause a collapse), or that the custom is no longer needed (acceptance of live-work spaces has grown in the community).", "hi": "परियोजना को ज़ोनिंग और बिल्डिंग कोड की आवश्यकताओं का पालन करना आवश्यक है। कोड का पालन करने में विफल रहने वाली किसी परियोजना का निर्माण करने से मालिक को लाभ नहीं होता है । कुछ कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम इन से विचार द्वारा आती हैं, या उन चीजों को रोकने की इच्छा जो निर्विवाद रूप से खराब हैं - पुल ढहना या विस्फोट। अन्य कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम प्रोहिबिटुम विचारों, या ऐसी चीजें जो रिवाज या अपेक्षा का विषय हैं से आती हैं, जैसे कि किसी व्यवसाय को व्यवसायिक जिले और आवास को आवासीय जिले में अलग करना। एक वकील कानून में बदलाव या छूट की मांग कर सकता है जो उस भूमि को नियंत्रित करता है जहां इमारत का निर्माण किया जाएगा, या तो यह तर्क देकर कि एक नियम अनुचित है (पुल का डिज़ाइन टूटने का कारण नहीं होगा), या कि रिवाज की अब जरूरत नहीं है (समुदाय में लाइव-वर्क स्पेस की स्वीकृति बढ़ गई है)।" }

{ "en": "What are malum prohibitum considerations?", "hi": "मलम प्रोहिबिटुम विचार क्या हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "things that are a matter of custom or expectation" ], "hi": [ "ऐसी चीजें जो रिवाज या अपेक्षा का विषय हैं" ] }

{ "en": [ 372, 372, 372 ], "hi": [ 358 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

[ "85_station_radio_radio station", "79_station_radio_radio station", "94_crater_rim_lunar", "97_bee family_bee_described", "95_curling_curling championships_curling championship", "19_moth_family_wingspan", "39_voivodeship_gmina_poland", "69_gastropod_snail_marine gastropod", "80_route_highway_state", "71_beetle_species beetle_beetle family", "9_district_rural district_province iran", "67_league_football_club", "6_parish_railway_england", "76_glacier_antarctic_island", "16_india_district_village", "73_tennis_doubles_singles", "62_cricket_cricketer_firstclass", "33_footballer_played_league", "56_film_indian_directed", "75_species_bird_subtropical tropical", "82_stakes_horse_race", "78_star_asteroid_constellation", "89_athletics_championships_metres", "23_municipality_germany_station", "49_team_season_football", "92_beetle_genus_species beetle", "90_miss_pageant_miss universe", "87_formation_geologic_geologic formation", "4_album_song_released", "63_hockey_league_hockey league", "65_species_genus_butterfly", "47_species_genus_fish", "2_album_band_released", "83_golf_tour_pga", "54_navy_ship_uss", "27_football_baseball_played", "77_station_line_km", "59_games_summer_championships", "68_race_racing_championship", "20_species_plant_genus", "55_station_china_province", "81_events_events year_year", "48_school_high school_high", "24_river_island_lake", "46_aircraft_engine_designed", "84_frog_species frog_species", "99_everest_climbing_mount everest", "15_historic_house_building", "86_airline_airlines_air", "93_calendar_year_bc year", "14_fc_football_club", "3_county_township_census", "51_game_games_video game", "13_sir_son_john", "5_olympics_competed_summer olympics", "12_municipality_village_river", "53_election_party_assembly", "52_radio_television_channel", "64_war_army_officer", "1_film_series_television", "28_protein_enzyme_gene", "36_software_data_computer", "26_india_indian_college", "57_commune_france_department", "98_boat_boat race_race", "38_football_cup_teams", "58_wrestling_professional_boxing", "70_theory_function_theorem", "11_novel_series_book", "30_population_town_language", "17_served_republican_state", "41_used_water_energy", "50_company_food_restaurant", "43_surname_given_ancient", "34_published_book_magazine", "44_ibn_islamic_muhammad", "45_chinese_china_japanese", "25_music_opera_composer", "18_art_painter_artist", "40_album_song_music", "88_earthquake_hawaii_mori", "22_company_information_technology", "91_scout_conus_scouts", "72_regiment_army_battalion", "61_hospital_university_college", "29_university_professor_research", "10_german_norwegian_french", "7_act_law_united", "96_weather_amber_vietnamese", "37_university_college_born", "74_bank_company_oil", "8_film_films_directed", "21_russian_soviet_party", "31_footballer_plays_club", "66_church_comune_italy", "35_roman_greek_rome", "60_united nations_party_minister", "32_municipality_province_river", "42_spanish_party_mexican" ]

[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Camden, New Jersey", "Economy of North Korea", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Sustainable fashion", "Flint water crisis", "Ethnomusicology", "Glossary of baseball terms", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Generation Z in the United States", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Nuclear power", "ASEAN", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "South African contract law", "Networked advocacy", "Energy conservation", "History of women in the United States", "Economy of Morocco", "Smart grid", "Environmental governance", "Economy of Egypt", "History of the United Kingdom", "Armies in the American Civil War", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Environmental, social, and corporate governance", "Health care systems by country", "Computer security", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Imperial Roman army", "Affordable housing in Canada", "1996 California Proposition 218", "Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "United States Agency for International Development", "Healthcare in the United States", "Real estate appraisal", "Economy of Armenia", "History of the Second Avenue Subway", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Latin America", "New Mexico", "Education in India", "Portugal", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada", "Foreign internal defense", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Economy of Iran", "Well-being contributing factors", "Manhattan Project", "History of Missouri", "Environmental racism in Western Europe", "History of California (1900–present)", "Homelessness", "Crime in South Africa", "Iran–Iraq War", "Vilnius", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "History of Poles in the United States", "Nuclear power in the United States", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Agriculture", "History of socialism", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Textile industry in Bangladesh", "Women in Islam", "History of agriculture in China", "Havana", "Logology (science)", "Reading", "Reliability engineering", "Sustainable city", "Police corruption", "Walmart", "Educational technology", "Recycling", "Technological and industrial history of the United States", "Labor history of the United States", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "Puerto Rico", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "History of the United States", "Project management", "Cooperative", "History of Guatemala", "Climate change in New Zealand", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Economy of England", "Acorn Archimedes", "Telehealth", "Renewable energy", "History of Mexican Americans", "Maritime history of California", "Economy of Scotland", "Pension", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Public–private partnership", "Economy of Pakistan", "Economic history of Japan", "Royalty payment", "Incarceration in the United States", "Underwater diving", "Climate change policy of the United States", "Economic growth", "Adaptive reuse", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "Economic history of Mexico", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "History of Lisbon", "Nuclear safety and security", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Automation", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment", "Outsourcing", "Tesla, Inc.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "Future developments in Singapore", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "History of education in the United States", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "Economy of Mexico", "LEED", "Sustainable design", "Deficit reduction in the United States", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "Neoliberalism", "Education in Haiti", "Tesla Autopilot", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Strategic management", "Social media", "Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great Recession", "Apartheid", "History of the Southern United States", "Border control", "Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "Tort", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Organic farming", "Creativity", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of Western civilization", "Employment discrimination", "Social Security (United States)", "Net neutrality", "Progressive Era", "Women in the workforce", "South African criminal law", "Medicare (United States)", "Electricity policy of Ontario", "Oil sands", "Scuba diving", "Poverty reduction", "Roman Empire", "Climate change in Australia", "Sweden", "Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster", "England", "Donald Trump", "History of Poland", "Education in South Korea", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Detroit", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "English trust law", "Havana Plan Piloto", "China–United States relations", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil", "Facebook", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Green infrastructure", "Welsh Highland Railway restoration", "Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey", "Soviet Union", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Cold War", "China", "Burbank, California", "Great Depression", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Tax", "List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise", "Greece", "Climate change", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "History of Austria", "Fine chemical", "History of United States prison systems", "Project Labor Agreement", "United Kingdom company law", "Lobbying in the United States", "Sexual harassment", "Pakistan", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Israel", "West Germany", "Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove", "Papua (province)", "WASH", "Cleveland Convention Center", "Architecture of Finland", "Moldova", "Chinese Filipino", "Economic democracy", "Unemployment", "Alfred Waterhouse", "Electricity sector in India", "Economy of Honduras", "Renewable energy commercialization", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Cannabis in Italy", "Climate change in the United States", "Italy", "Endangered Species Act of 1973", "Light in painting", "Apple Inc.", "Offset agreement", "Video game development", "Confederate States of America", "Slavery in the United States", "Private finance initiative", "The Co-operative Group", "Regulation and licensure in engineering", "United States Postal Service", "CARICOM Single Market and Economy", "Pittsburgh", "Xi Jinping", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Affordable Care Act", "Saudi Arabia", "History of the New York City Subway", "Iloilo City", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "History of Nigeria", "Gilded Age", "Energy development", "France", "Child care", "Truck driver", "San Francisco", "Keystone Pipeline", "Harold Wilson", "Riau Islands", "Android (operating system)", "Trans-Pacific Partnership", "Unemployment in the United States", "California", "Kazakhstan", "Science and technology in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "Scotland", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Reconstruction era", "Social enterprise", "Civil rights movement", "Simulation", "List of master's degrees in North America", "Kenya", "Officers' Association", "Africa–China economic relations", "Marriage", "Somalia", "Vietnam", "History of Scotland", "E-government", "Industrial and organizational psychology", "Uranium mining", "Kerala", "Gender inequality", "History of construction", "Transportation in South Florida", "International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War", "Education in the United States", "2003 invasion of Iraq", "Nazism", "Pacific Gas and Electric Company", "Submarine communications cable", "Economy of Indonesia", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "Feminist economics", "Pollution in California", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Racism in the United States", "New Orleans", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Minimum wage", "Economy of South Africa", "Women in government", "History of personal computers", "Small modular reactor", "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "Construction site safety", "Tanzania", "Services marketing", "Economic history of Germany", "Steam locomotive", "Baby boomers", "Offshore wind power", "History of Porto Alegre", "Western African Ebola virus epidemic", "Twitter", "Glasgow", "Fake news", "American imperialism", "Moscow", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "History of rent control in England and Wales", "Intel", "History of radar", "Inflation Reduction Act", "Cryptocurrency", "Andalusia", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "North Korea", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "Elevator", "Blockade of the Gaza Strip", "Singapore", "Augmented reality", "Colombian peace process", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "United Kingdom", "Criticism of Facebook", "Das Kapital, Volume I", "Information security", "Global financial system", "Lumumba Government", "Television in the United States", "Dominican Republic", "Microfinance", "Hoa people", "Political positions of Lisa Murkowski", "History of Cumbria", "National Security Agency", "Liquefied natural gas", "Belt and Road Initiative", "Rebreather diving", "Construction management", "Blueberry (comics)", "Human impact on the environment", "Economy of Saudi Arabia", "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic", "Niger Delta mangroves", "Hanford Site", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "ITER", "History of the Internet", "Human nutrition", "Grenfell Tower fire", "History of Birmingham", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "History of IBM", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland", "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan", "Medical school", "Qianzhuang", "Consumer behaviour", "Rail transport", "Development of stadiums in English football", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Plastic pollution", "Crisis in Venezuela", "Iran–United States relations", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Adolescence", "Canada convoy protest", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Taiwan", "Nuclear activities in Brazil", "Environmental racism in the United States", "Engineering", "French Resistance", "Miscegenation", "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump", "Famine", "Environmental justice", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Environmental racism", "Projects of the Caribbean Community", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "University of Georgia", "Mediation", "Renewable energy debate", "Marine salvage", "Anarchism in Brazil", "Economy of Japan", "Economic history of China before 1912", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Water supply and sanitation in Kenya", "Collins-class submarine", "History of labour law", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport", "British Raj", "Hunger in the United States", "Affirmative action in the United States", "British Caledonian", "Lac-Mégantic rail disaster", "African-American history", "Electronic waste in the United States", "Food loss and waste", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Canadian contract law", "Environmental impact assessment", "Infrastructure", "Income inequality in the United States", "High Speed 2", "Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania", "Law of value", "Insurance", "Quebec", "Abbott government", "Oddworld Inhabitants", "Fair trade", "Pornography", "List of countries with universal health care", "Government procurement in the United Kingdom", "New York City", "Bachelor's degree", "Gender pay gap", "Nuclear power in the United Kingdom", "Karachi", "Persecution of Christians", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Design management", "British Columbia", "Joseph Stalin", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics", "September 11 attacks", "Empire State Building", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Tax haven", "Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Estonia", "Athabasca oil sands", "Jamaica", "Virtual team", "Nursing", "Hanford Engineer Works", "Scott Pruitt", "Gentrification", "Emergency management", "Sustainable living", "History of Belgium", "Ralph Northam", "Union Army", "Chiapas", "Cherbourg", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "Tuvalu", "Ethics of technology", "Thailand", "South Korea", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division", "The Dresden Files characters", "Photovoltaic system", "Patriot Act", "Denmark", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines", "Economic history of Vietnam", "Steele dossier", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Mexico", "Vaccine hesitancy", "57th Medical Detachment", "Cathode-ray tube", "History of Jamaica", "World War II by country", "Health informatics", "Strip club", "Water supply and sanitation in India", "Gasoline", "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "Sustainable refurbishment", "Economy of New Zealand", "Populism", "Education", "Environmental impact of fracking in the United States", "United States corporate law", "Iraq War", "Clean Water Act", "Causes of income inequality in the United States", "Vietnam War", "Synthetic biology", "Earth shelter", "Arab citizens of Israel", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Uyghur genocide", "Barranquilla", "BDSM", "Educational inequality", "Dubai", "Fukushima nuclear accident", "Bengal famine of 1943", "Houston", "Photovoltaics", "History of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department", "Artificial intelligence", "Gulf War", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "South African environmental law", "Aid", "Sierra Leone", "Concorde", "Chevrolet Volt", "Social Security debate in the United States", "Castle Vale", "Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom", "Education in Ethiopia", "Education reform", "High-speed rail", "Decentralization", "Hugo W. Koehler", "History of the nude in art", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "Peak oil", "History of social democracy", "Vladimir Putin", "Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada", "Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada", "Marketing communications", "Israel–United States relations", "Paris", "Vocational education", "Boris Johnson", "Manhattan", "United States federal budget", "Financial gerontology", "Wikipedia", "Oman", "Criticism of Walmart", "H. H. Asquith", "Glenn Youngkin", "Economic history of Latin America", "Fidel Castro", "Bangladesh", "Santa Cruz Operation", "Airbus A380", "Financial law", "Albania", "Sustainable agriculture", "Civil engineering", "First transcontinental railroad", "Health insurance in the United States", "Saab JAS 39 Gripen", "Agriculture in California", "Environmental impact of wind power", "Human rights in China", "Scientology", "Deforestation", "Financial transaction tax", "Immigration", "Austin, Texas", "Security guard", "List of Pokémon anime characters", "Global governance", "Sea level rise", "Paris in the 18th century", "Infant mortality", "California High-Speed Rail", "Glenrothes", "Salt Lake City", "H-1B visa", "McKinsey & Company", "Federal Acquisition Regulation", "History of video games", "Applications of artificial intelligence", "Sharia", "Diving rebreather", "Principles of intelligent urbanism", "United Arab Emirates", "History of slavery", "History of science and technology in Africa", "Fossil fuel phase-out", "Biodiesel", "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Homelessness in the United States", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Cultured meat", "Rudolf Hamburger", "Police", "South African constitutional litigation", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Nepal", "Willys MB", "Silviculture", "Sport psychology", "Vermont", "Nawaz Sharif", "Brexit and arrangements for science and technology", "Breastfeeding", "Criticism of capitalism", "History of the Staten Island Railway", "Ethiopia", "17 October Revolution", "Low-carbon economy", "Religion in China", "History of the Philippines", "Common Agricultural Policy", "Derivative (finance)", "Marshall Plan", "University of Pennsylvania", "Common law", "Labour law", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Child abuse", "Credit default swap", "Jeremy Corbyn", "Iran", "Republic of Ireland", "Madrid", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Political positions of Kamala Harris", "Finland", "German Renewable Energy Sources Act", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Malaria", "Race and health in the United States", "History of Speyer", "Women's rights", "Hungary", "Human capital flight", "Education in Africa", "Massachusetts", "Open scientific data", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh", "Economy of Thailand", "Waste management in Kazakhstan", "Sabah", "History of the Cross Border Xpress", "History of United States foreign policy", "Loot box", "Anglo-Saxons", "Great Recession", "Carbon accounting", "Energy policy of the United Kingdom", "2019–20 Australian bushfire season", "History of Ghana", "Wales", "African Americans", "2014 Gaza War", "Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region", "Internet privacy", "Logistics", "Identity document", "Foreign relations of China", "Copper in architecture", "Whistleblower protection in the United States", "Advertising management", "London", "Washington Harbour", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "Human trafficking in the United States", "Fracking", "Ballarat", "Serbia", "Timișoara", "Text messaging", "South African property law", "Central Intelligence Agency", "Academic degree", "European Union competition law", "Public health", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Diving cylinder", "Incarceration of women in the United States", "Sociology", "Lead poisoning", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration", "European Green Deal", "Fascism and ideology", "Digital preservation", "Rare-earth element", "Defamation", "Netherlands", "Qatar", "Brand", "UBS", "Imperial examination", "Ecology", "Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System", "Violence", "Venezuela", "Ocean thermal energy conversion", "Calgary", "Entrepreneurship", "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election", "Smartphone", "Detribalization", "Cambodia", "Climate change in Africa", "Mergers and acquisitions", "Privacy concerns with social networking services", "Everett, Washington", "History of private equity and venture capital", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Baltimore", "Robert McNamara", "Immigration to Canada", "Gateway Arch", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Paul Milgrom", "Aarhus", "Iceland", "Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area", "Sheffield", "Israeli settlement", "Birmingham", "Steam (service)", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Human factors in diving equipment design", "Late Roman army", "Planned community", "Space colonization", "Turkey–United States relations", "Morrison government", "Addiction", "Economy of Ohio", "Procurement", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Toyota", "Indian Armed Forces", "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)", "Air pollution in the United States", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "International labour law", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "List of smoking bans", "India–United States relations", "Educational inequality in the United States", "History of the Kuomintang", "Economic history of India", "Fusion power", "Police brutality by country", "Indigenous Australians", "Concentrated animal feeding operation", "Education in Latin America", "Family planning", "Touchpoint", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Economic history of the Philippines", "John F. Kennedy", "Leon Trotsky", "Defence of the Reich", "Economic inequality", "Ion Antonescu", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Democracy", "Myanmar", "Preventive healthcare", "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "Competition (economics)", "E-democracy", "Leeds", "Spokane, Washington", "History of UK immigration control", "Causes of the Great Depression", "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)", "Environmental policy of the United States", "Physiological effects in space", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Hamas", "Norway", "Nazi Germany", "South Africa", "Natural gas", "Occupational inequality", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "YouTube", "Channel Tunnel", "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "Engineering education", "First 100 days of Imran Khan's prime ministership", "Human trafficking", "Rudy Giuliani", "Economy of Zambia", "Firefighter", "Theodore Roosevelt", "History of rail transportation in the United States", "Affordable housing", "Howard government", "History of military logistics", "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore", "Lithium-ion battery", "Texas", "Job interview", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Sexism", "Nursing shortage", "Paycheck Protection Program", "Science and technology in the Philippines", "Mexican Revolution", "Enron scandal", "São Paulo", "UN offensive into North Korea", "History of Beijing", "Goldman Sachs", "Crowdsourcing", "History of Massachusetts", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "David Lloyd George", "Informal economy", "Haiti", "Particulates", "Presidency of Harry S. Truman", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States", "East End of London", "Economy of Bangladesh", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "Hulme Hippodrome", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "Greater Manchester", "History of General Motors", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Korean War", "Hawaii", "Society of the Song dynasty", "California housing shortage", "Corruption", "Health in Nepal", "Economy of Greece", "Skyscraper", "Willy Brandt", "Mexican drug war", "Nothing Records", "Richard Blumenthal", "Corporate governance", "Church of the Holy Innocents, Rossmore", "Funkabwehr", "Game theory", "History of labour law in the United Kingdom", "List of The Shield characters", "Private transfer fee", "Nuclear power phase-out", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks", "Kuwait", "History of Paris", "Renewable energy in the United States", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Scientific diving", "Economy of Bulgaria", "Great Divergence", "Types of socialism", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Operations management", "History of Tunisia", "Zero-carbon city", "Shinzo Abe" ]

{ "en": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner. Some legal requirements come from malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad – bridge collapses or explosions. Other legal requirements come from malum prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district. An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built, either by arguing that a rule is inapplicable (the bridge design will not cause a collapse), or that the custom is no longer needed (acceptance of live-work spaces has grown in the community).", "hi": "परियोजना को ज़ोनिंग और बिल्डिंग कोड की आवश्यकताओं का पालन करना आवश्यक है। कोड का पालन करने में विफल रहने वाली किसी परियोजना का निर्माण करने से मालिक को लाभ नहीं होता है । कुछ कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम इन से विचार द्वारा आती हैं, या उन चीजों को रोकने की इच्छा जो निर्विवाद रूप से खराब हैं - पुल ढहना या विस्फोट। अन्य कानूनी आवश्यकताएं मलम प्रोहिबिटुम विचारों, या ऐसी चीजें जो रिवाज या अपेक्षा का विषय हैं से आती हैं, जैसे कि किसी व्यवसाय को व्यवसायिक जिले और आवास को आवासीय जिले में अलग करना। एक वकील कानून में बदलाव या छूट की मांग कर सकता है जो उस भूमि को नियंत्रित करता है जहां इमारत का निर्माण किया जाएगा, या तो यह तर्क देकर कि एक नियम अनुचित है (पुल का डिज़ाइन टूटने का कारण नहीं होगा), या कि रिवाज की अब जरूरत नहीं है (समुदाय में लाइव-वर्क स्पेस की स्वीकृति बढ़ गई है)।" }

{ "en": "Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?", "hi": "कौन उस कानून में बदलाव या छूट चाह सकता है जो उस भूमि को नियंत्रित करते हैं जहां इमारत का निर्माण किया जाएगा?" }

{ "en": [ "An attorney" ], "hi": [ "एक वकील" ] }

{ "en": [ 517, 520, 517 ], "hi": [ 488 ] }

[ "STEM.Engineering", "STEM.STEM*", "STEM.Technology" ]

[ "85_station_radio_radio station", "79_station_radio_radio station", "94_crater_rim_lunar", "97_bee family_bee_described", "95_curling_curling championships_curling championship", "19_moth_family_wingspan", "39_voivodeship_gmina_poland", "69_gastropod_snail_marine gastropod", "80_route_highway_state", "71_beetle_species beetle_beetle family", "9_district_rural district_province iran", "67_league_football_club", "6_parish_railway_england", "76_glacier_antarctic_island", "16_india_district_village", "73_tennis_doubles_singles", "62_cricket_cricketer_firstclass", "33_footballer_played_league", "56_film_indian_directed", "75_species_bird_subtropical tropical", "82_stakes_horse_race", "78_star_asteroid_constellation", "89_athletics_championships_metres", "23_municipality_germany_station", "49_team_season_football", "92_beetle_genus_species beetle", "90_miss_pageant_miss universe", "87_formation_geologic_geologic formation", "4_album_song_released", "63_hockey_league_hockey league", "65_species_genus_butterfly", "47_species_genus_fish", "2_album_band_released", "83_golf_tour_pga", "54_navy_ship_uss", "27_football_baseball_played", "77_station_line_km", "59_games_summer_championships", "68_race_racing_championship", "20_species_plant_genus", "55_station_china_province", "81_events_events year_year", "48_school_high school_high", "24_river_island_lake", "46_aircraft_engine_designed", "84_frog_species frog_species", "99_everest_climbing_mount everest", "15_historic_house_building", "86_airline_airlines_air", "93_calendar_year_bc year", "14_fc_football_club", "3_county_township_census", "51_game_games_video game", "13_sir_son_john", "5_olympics_competed_summer olympics", "12_municipality_village_river", "53_election_party_assembly", "52_radio_television_channel", "64_war_army_officer", "1_film_series_television", "28_protein_enzyme_gene", "36_software_data_computer", "26_india_indian_college", "57_commune_france_department", "98_boat_boat race_race", "38_football_cup_teams", "58_wrestling_professional_boxing", "70_theory_function_theorem", "11_novel_series_book", "30_population_town_language", "17_served_republican_state", "41_used_water_energy", "50_company_food_restaurant", "43_surname_given_ancient", "34_published_book_magazine", "44_ibn_islamic_muhammad", "45_chinese_china_japanese", "25_music_opera_composer", "18_art_painter_artist", "40_album_song_music", "88_earthquake_hawaii_mori", "22_company_information_technology", "91_scout_conus_scouts", "72_regiment_army_battalion", "61_hospital_university_college", "29_university_professor_research", "10_german_norwegian_french", "7_act_law_united", "96_weather_amber_vietnamese", "37_university_college_born", "74_bank_company_oil", "8_film_films_directed", "21_russian_soviet_party", "31_footballer_plays_club", "66_church_comune_italy", "35_roman_greek_rome", "60_united nations_party_minister", "32_municipality_province_river", "42_spanish_party_mexican" ]

[ "Construction", "Development communication", "South African labour law", "Economic history of the United States", "European Union law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "United Kingdom labour law", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Occupational safety and health", "History of Australia", "Millennials", "Fracking in the United States", "Circular economy", "Contract", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "History of Detroit", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Economy of India", "Next Generation Air Transportation System", "Industrial Revolution", "United States labor law", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Institutional racism", "European debt crisis", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "Building information modeling", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economy of China", "Economy of the United States", "Next Generation EU", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "E-government in Europe", "English land law", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "Urban forestry", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Forests Commission Victoria", "New Deal", "Economic history of Portugal", "National broadband plan", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "History of Germany", "Carillion", "Nuclear power debate", "Education in China", "Diving safety", "Value-form", "Electronic waste", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Migrant worker", "Islamic banking and finance", "Socialism", "Economic history of France", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Foreign relations of India", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Climate change mitigation", "Climate change in Washington", "44th Medical Brigade", "American frontier", "Chernobyl disaster", "Daniel H. 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administration", "Eastern Bloc", "BP", "European Union", "Government procurement in the United States", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement", "Open energy system models", "3D printing", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "Michael Heseltine", "Sustainable energy", "Climate change adaptation", "Corporate social responsibility", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Native Americans in the United States", "List of modern great powers", "Productivity-improving technologies", "Zero-energy building", "Supply chain management", "Authoritarian socialism", "Criticism of Amazon", "Tartan", "Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Green building", "Internet of things", "Nuclear program of Iran", "Rafael Viñoly", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Concrete", "Technological and industrial history of China", "United Russia", "Globalization", "History of France", "Mining", "Organized crime", "International Space Station", "Health effects 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"Science and technology in Israel", "Psychology", "Sydney", "City", "Hedge fund", "Literacy", "Economics", "South African Border War", "Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration", "Federal Triangle", "Waste management in Australia", "Air pollution", "Early skyscrapers", "Fish for finance", "Women in science", "Energy policy of Canada", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Business ethics", "Lithuania", "Public housing", "History of the United States government", "Child labour", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Italian Americans", "History of the Netherlands", "Nigeria", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Domestic violence", "Poverty", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Sex trafficking", "Socialist economics", "Technological unemployment", "Slum", "Internet", "Boeing 787 Dreamliner", "Government procurement in the European Union", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "Causes of the Great 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{ "en": "Ergänzungsschulen are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools. Most of these schools are vocational schools. However, these vocational schools are not part of the German dual education system. Ergänzungsschulen have the freedom to operate outside of government regulation and are funded in whole by charging their students tuition fees.", "hi": "एर्गनज़नशूलेन माध्यमिक या उत्तर-माध्यमिक (गैर-तृतीयक) स्कूल हैं, जो निजी व्यक्तियों, निजी संगठनों या शायद ही कभी, धार्मिक समूहों द्वारा चलाए जाते हैं और एक ऐसी शिक्षा प्रदान करते हैं जो सार्वजनिक स्कूलों में उपलब्ध नहीं है। इनमें से ज्यादातर स्कूल व्यावसायिक स्कूल हैं। हालांकि, ये व्यावसायिक स्कूल जर्मन दोहरी शिक्षा प्रणाली का हिस्सा नहीं हैं। एर्गनज़नशूलेन को सरकारी विनियमन के बाहर काम करने की स्वतंत्रता है और अपने छात्रों की ट्यूशन फीस वसूल कर उन्हें पूर्ण वित्त पोषित किया जाता है।" }

{ "en": "What are private secondary schools in Germany called?", "hi": "जर्मनी में निजी माध्यमिक विद्यालय क्या कहलाते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "Ergänzungsschulen" ], "hi": [ "एर्गनज़नशूलेन" ] }

{ "en": [ 0, 0, 0 ], "hi": [ 1 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to 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{ "en": "Ergänzungsschulen are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools. Most of these schools are vocational schools. However, these vocational schools are not part of the German dual education system. Ergänzungsschulen have the freedom to operate outside of government regulation and are funded in whole by charging their students tuition fees.", "hi": "एर्गनज़नशूलेन माध्यमिक या उत्तर-माध्यमिक (गैर-तृतीयक) स्कूल हैं, जो निजी व्यक्तियों, निजी संगठनों या शायद ही कभी, धार्मिक समूहों द्वारा चलाए जाते हैं और एक ऐसी शिक्षा प्रदान करते हैं जो सार्वजनिक स्कूलों में उपलब्ध नहीं है। इनमें से ज्यादातर स्कूल व्यावसायिक स्कूल हैं। हालांकि, ये व्यावसायिक स्कूल जर्मन दोहरी शिक्षा प्रणाली का हिस्सा नहीं हैं। एर्गनज़नशूलेन को सरकारी विनियमन के बाहर काम करने की स्वतंत्रता है और अपने छात्रों की ट्यूशन फीस वसूल कर उन्हें पूर्ण वित्त पोषित किया जाता है।" }

{ "en": "What types of schools are most ergänzungsschulen?", "hi": "ज्यादातर एर्गनज़नशूलेन किस प्रकार के स्कूल हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "vocational" ], "hi": [ "व्यावसायिक" ] }

{ "en": [ 260, 22, 260 ], "hi": [ 249 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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{ "en": "Ergänzungsschulen are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools. Most of these schools are vocational schools. However, these vocational schools are not part of the German dual education system. Ergänzungsschulen have the freedom to operate outside of government regulation and are funded in whole by charging their students tuition fees.", "hi": "एर्गनज़नशूलेन माध्यमिक या उत्तर-माध्यमिक (गैर-तृतीयक) स्कूल हैं, जो निजी व्यक्तियों, निजी संगठनों या शायद ही कभी, धार्मिक समूहों द्वारा चलाए जाते हैं और एक ऐसी शिक्षा प्रदान करते हैं जो सार्वजनिक स्कूलों में उपलब्ध नहीं है। इनमें से ज्यादातर स्कूल व्यावसायिक स्कूल हैं। हालांकि, ये व्यावसायिक स्कूल जर्मन दोहरी शिक्षा प्रणाली का हिस्सा नहीं हैं। एर्गनज़नशूलेन को सरकारी विनियमन के बाहर काम करने की स्वतंत्रता है और अपने छात्रों की ट्यूशन फीस वसूल कर उन्हें पूर्ण वित्त पोषित किया जाता है।" }

{ "en": "How are ergänzungsschulen funded?", "hi": "एर्गनज़नशूलेन कैसे वित्त पोषित हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "tuition" ], "hi": [ "ट्यूशन" ] }

{ "en": [ 494, 494, 494 ], "hi": [ 431 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to 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{ "en": "Ergänzungsschulen are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools. Most of these schools are vocational schools. However, these vocational schools are not part of the German dual education system. Ergänzungsschulen have the freedom to operate outside of government regulation and are funded in whole by charging their students tuition fees.", "hi": "एर्गनज़नशूलेन माध्यमिक या उत्तर-माध्यमिक (गैर-तृतीयक) स्कूल हैं, जो निजी व्यक्तियों, निजी संगठनों या शायद ही कभी, धार्मिक समूहों द्वारा चलाए जाते हैं और एक ऐसी शिक्षा प्रदान करते हैं जो सार्वजनिक स्कूलों में उपलब्ध नहीं है। इनमें से ज्यादातर स्कूल व्यावसायिक स्कूल हैं। हालांकि, ये व्यावसायिक स्कूल जर्मन दोहरी शिक्षा प्रणाली का हिस्सा नहीं हैं। एर्गनज़नशूलेन को सरकारी विनियमन के बाहर काम करने की स्वतंत्रता है और अपने छात्रों की ट्यूशन फीस वसूल कर उन्हें पूर्ण वित्त पोषित किया जाता है।" }

{ "en": "Along with private individuals and organizations, what groups sometimes runs ergänzungsschulen?", "hi": "निजी व्यक्तियों और संगठनों के साथ, कौन से समूह कभी-कभी एर्गनज़नशूलेन को चलाते हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "religious" ], "hi": [ "धार्मिक" ] }

{ "en": [ 145, 145, 145 ], "hi": [ 114 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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{ "en": "In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. So, in a strict sense, a private school is an unaided independent school. For the purpose of this definition, only receipt of financial aid is considered, not land purchased from the government at a subsidized rate. It is within the power of both the union government and the state governments to govern schools since Education appears in the Concurrent list of legislative subjects in the constitution. The practice has been for the union government to provide the broad policy directions while the states create their own rules and regulations for the administration of the sector. Among other things, this has also resulted in 30 different Examination Boards or academic authorities that conduct examinations for school leaving certificates. Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states are the CBSE and the CISCE, NENBSE", "hi": "भारत में, निजी स्कूलों को स्वतंत्र विद्यालय कहा जाता है, लेकिन चूंकि कुछ निजी स्कूल सरकार से वित्तीय सहायता प्राप्त करते हैं, इसलिए यह सहायता प्राप्त या बिना सहायता प्राप्त विद्यालय हो सकते हैं। इसलिए, एक सख्त परिभाषा में, एक निजी स्कूल गैर सहायता प्राप्त स्वतंत्र स्कूल है। इस परिभाषा के उद्देश्य के लिए, केवल वित्तीय सहायता की प्राप्ति पर विचार किया जाता है, न कि अनुदानित दर पर सरकार से खरीदी गई भूमि पर। स्कूलों को संचालित करना केंद्र सरकार और राज्य सरकारों दोनों की शक्तियों के भीतर है क्योंकि शिक्षा को संविधान में विधायी विषयों की समवर्ती सूची में दिखाया गया है। प्रथानुसार केंद्र सरकार व्यापक नीति निर्देश प्रदान करती है, जबकि राज्य क्षेत्र के प्रशासन के लिए अपने नियम और कानून बनाते हैं। अन्य बातों के अलावा, इसके परिणामस्वरुप 30 अलग-अलग परीक्षा बोर्ड या शैक्षणिक प्राधिकरण भी हैं जो स्कूल छोड़ने के प्रमाण पत्र के लिए परीक्षा आयोजित करते हैं। प्रमुख परीक्षा बोर्ड जो कई राज्यों में मौजूद हैं, CBSE और CISCE, NENBSE हैं" }

{ "en": "What is the term for an Indian private school?", "hi": "एक भारतीय निजी स्कूल की परिभाषा क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "independent" ], "hi": [ "स्वतंत्र विद्यालय" ] }

{ "en": [ 37, 37, 37 ], "hi": [ 26 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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education by country or region", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "SAT", "New Deal", "History of education in New Zealand", "Vocational education", "Issues in higher education in the United States", "Moldova", "Pakistan", "Socialism", "Northern Ireland", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "History of Mexican Americans", "Italian Americans", "Islamic banking and finance", "Economy of the United States", "Television in the United States", "Baby boomers", "European Union", "Single-sex education", "Affirmative action in the United States", "Incarceration in the United States", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Canadian Indian residential school system", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "United Kingdom", "Christian culture", "History of socialism", "National broadband plan", "Religion in China", "France", "Admission to practice law", "English land law", "Secondary education in the United States", "Homeschooling in 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history", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Hawaii", "Michael Heseltine", "Bangladesh", "Community colleges in the United States", "Somalia", "Border control", "H. H. Asquith", "Jesuits", "Racial segregation in the United States", "History of United States prison systems", "Quebec", "South African criminal law", "Sharia", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Human rights in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "California", "Religious education", "History of Lisbon", "Women's rights", "Anti-Catholicism", "History of Nigeria", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Multiculturalism", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Islamic terrorism", "Vietnam", "Iceland", "Value-form", "Catholic Church", "Glenn Youngkin", "Fake news", "Networked advocacy", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Sex education in the United States", "China", "University of Oxford", "Refugee children", "Slavic Native Faith", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Brazil", "Prison education", "Status of the Irish language", "Switzerland", "Confederate States of America", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Norway", "University of Georgia", 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Archimedes", "Ireland", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "County Dublin", "Common law", "Education in Bangladesh", "Thailand", "Serbia", "Light in painting", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Massachusetts", "Albania", "David Lloyd George", "Officers' Association", "Lebanon", "Nuclear program of Iran", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Economic history of France", "Egypt", "United Arab Emirates", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "North Korea", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Psychology", "Education in Cambodia", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "Persecution of Muslims", "South African Border War", "Higher education in British Columbia", "LGBT rights in Australia", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Mississippi", "Education in Japan", "Homeschooling international status and statistics", "Netherlands", "Generation Z", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Sport in the United Kingdom", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Scientology", "Vladimir Putin", "Bahrain", "South Korea", "History of Ghana", "Race and health in the United States", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "ASEAN", "Public broadcasting", "Wikipedia", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Iran", "History of Palestine", "Roman Empire", "Pierre Trudeau", "Princeton University", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Police brutality by country", "History of libraries", "Education in Russia", "Upper Canada College", "The Spirit of the Age", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Houston", "Women in music", "Freedom of speech by country", "Nursing", "Sabah", "Police", "Flint water crisis", "Science and technology in Israel", "School", "Education in Sweden", "Fiji", "Model minority", "Alabama", "Nepal", "Anglo-Saxons", "Sex trafficking", "Standardized test", "Myanmar", "Employment discrimination", "Ukraine", "Human capital flight", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region", "Education in Taiwan", "Interwar Britain", "Iran–Iraq War", "Yemen", "History of the nude in art", "Calgary", "American Jews", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Tuvalu", "Sexual harassment", "National Collegiate Athletic Association", "English trust law", "London", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Fracking in the United States", "John F. Kennedy", "Morrison government", "McGill University", "Pahang", "Victoria (state)", "Tertiary education in Australia", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Pornography", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Vermont", "List of smoking bans", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Education in Egypt", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Mauritius", "New Jersey", "Yale University", "English-medium education", "Poverty", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Pope John Paul II", "Xi Jinping", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Pope Pius XII", "University of Virginia", "Chiapas", "Fascism and ideology", "Divorce", "Democracy", "Walmart", "Military service", "Women's suffrage", "Namibia", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Trinity College Dublin", "Next Generation EU", "Pension", "Ottoman Empire", "Medicare (United States)", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Institute of technology", "Criticism of Confucius Institutes", "New York City", "Turkey", "Sardinian language", "Boarding school", "Hugo W. Koehler", "School meal", "Populism", "Forests Commission Victoria", "Lobbying in the United States", "United Kingdom company law", "Robert Mugabe", "Methodism", "Steele dossier", "Slavery", "The Judd School", "Economy of Scotland", "History of Belgium", "Pittsburgh", "Jacksonville, Florida", "Racism", "Falun Gong", "Howard government", "Nazi racial theories", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "History of Christianity in the United States", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Women's sports", "Montana", "History of Durham University", "Domestic violence", "Comprehensive school (England and Wales)", "Facebook", "Oman", "San Francisco", "Gymnasium (Germany)", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Islam in the United States", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "Education in Ghana", "Scotland in the early modern period", "Benazir Bhutto", "Anglicanism", "Chinese Indonesians", "Public housing", "Abbott government", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "History of Tunisia", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Christian school", "University of St Andrews", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Iran–United States relations", "Newark, New Jersey", "Canada convoy protest", "Hungary", "French Resistance", "Twitter", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "New Zealand", "Urban forestry", "Royalty payment", "Haiti", "Tort", "Tax", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Kosovo", "New York (state)", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "Slovenia", "Philadelphia", "Doctor of Medicine", "Catholic schools in Canada", "Tanzania", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "Jamaica", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Sex education", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "California Lutheran University", "Joseph Stalin", "China–United States relations", "University of Michigan", "Hamas", "Benito Mussolini", "Glasgow", "Havana", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Higher education in Nova Scotia", "Austria", "Spain", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Hugo Chávez", "Discrimination based on skin color", "Syria", "Freedom of religion in Vietnam", "Blueberry (comics)", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Labor history of the United States", "Andalusia", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Mitch Daniels", "Oceania", "History of schools in Scotland", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "American imperialism", "Sarawak", "Globalization", "Boston University", "Bermuda", "Culture of Tunisia", "American Revolution", "Teaching English as a second or foreign language", "Moscow", "Dubai", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "Florida State University", "Education in Greece", "History of the Jews in the United States", "One-child policy", "Transgender rights in the United States", "Pennsylvania", "Literacy in the United States", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Community radio", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Education in Zimbabwe", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Types of socialism", "Freedom of religion", "Public library", "Wartime sexual violence", "Criticism of Amazon", "17 October Revolution", "Piracy", "History of Indiana", "Society of the Song dynasty", "White Africans of European ancestry", "Text messaging", "Christian theology", "Croatia", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "Chernobyl disaster", "Religion in the United Kingdom", "Erasmus", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Uganda", "Gender inequality", "Adolescence", "Health insurance in the United States", "Student", "History of Christianity", "Residency (medicine)", "Vietnam War", "Foreign internal defense", "The Dresden Files characters", "Refugee", "Nelson Mandela", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Education policy of the United States", "Somalis in the United Kingdom", "Compulsory sterilization", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Engineering education", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "History of magic", "Lumumba Government", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Eastern Bloc", "Georgia (country)", "Alaska", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Zhou Enlai", "Ion Antonescu", "Indianapolis", "Women in STEM fields", "Gun violence in the United States", "Cornell University", "Gilded Age", "Child marriage", "Social enterprise", "History of anthropology by country", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Qing dynasty", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "Students' union", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "Cooperative", "Income inequality in the United States", "Maharashtra", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Ku Klux Klan", "Child labour", "Immigration to Canada", "School corporal punishment", "Burkina Faso", "History of Virginia", "George W. Bush", "History of Malaysia", "Black British people", "Chile", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of American newspapers", "History of Europe", "Sanskrit", "Unemployment benefits", "Military band", "University College London", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Roe v. Wade", "History of Beijing", "Catholic Church in the United States", "Education in Mexico", "History of Lithuania", "Iraq", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Qianzhuang", "Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador", "Criticism of Facebook", "Specialist schools programme", "Economy of Morocco", "Affirmative action", "Jordan", "Middle Ages", "Economy of Armenia", "Ivy League", "Israeli Jews", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "History of Hungary", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Spanish Civil War", "Foreign relations of Taiwan", "University of California", "Chicago", "Organized crime", "Duke University", "History of medicine", "Black Canadians", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Social history of post-war Britain (1945–1979)", "Afghanistan", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "Politics of the United States", "Jury", "Haredi Judaism", "Organ donation", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Buenos Aires", "Oklahoma", "Lesbian", "Homeschooling", "Christianity in the United States", "YouTube", "BBC", "BP", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Jerusalem", "History of the Jews in Russia", "Net neutrality", "Economic history of Mexico", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Modern paganism", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "History of Jamaica", "Nationalism", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Conservative Party (UK)", "Armenia", "Corporate social responsibility", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "History of Cumbria", "Sephardic Jews", "Culture of France", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Connecticut", "Education in Hong Kong", "Sexism", "Frankston, Victoria", "German Americans", "Desegregation busing", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Spanish Inquisition", "Education in Azerbaijan", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Strip club", "Mitt Romney", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "Toronto", "Botswana", "Education in Sri Lanka", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Women in the workforce", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Riba", "United States", "History of social democracy", "Refugees of the Syrian civil war", "Southern United States", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Birmingham", "Poland", "Catholic Church in England and Wales", "Cultural Revolution", "Paris in the 18th century", "Presidency of Dwight D. 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Kennedy", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Sex differences in education", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Vaccination policy", "Human nutrition", "Massive open online course", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "History of opera", "Toronto District School Board", "Wahhabism", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Abortion in the United States", "Higher education in Canada", "Hillary Clinton", "School segregation in the United States", "Austin, Texas", "Immigration", "Rio de Janeiro", "Michigan", "Douglas MacArthur", "Indira Gandhi", "Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan", "British Caledonian", "Private and public schools in China", "History of autism", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "Safavid Iran", "Republican Party (United States)", "Venezuela", "Great Depression", "Superstation", "Kashmir conflict", "Desmond Tutu", "Italian diaspora", "Economy of Egypt", "Education in Mali", "Rudy Giuliani", "Tennessee", "Mexico City", "Midwestern United States", "Television licensing in the United Kingdom", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Cesar Chavez", "Liberty University", "Spanish Empire", "History of the Internet", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Gender inequality in the United States", "The Co-operative Group", "Separation of church and state in the United States", "Boston", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Higher education in Japan", "Marxism–Leninism", "First Nations in Canada", "Algeria", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Rhodesia", "Socialist economics", "Cape Town", "Barack Obama", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "Bhutan", "French Third Republic", "Academy", "Nawaz Sharif", "Diploma mill", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Cham Albanians", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "Catalonia", "Colombian peace process", "Norwich School", "Inclusion (education)", "Telehealth", "Norwich", "Education in Kerala", "Television", "History of the Catholic Church", "South African constitutional litigation", "United States corporate law", "Weather of 2010", "Demographics of Malaysia", "Women in Pakistan", "Matura", "Minneapolis", "Edmonton", "Burbank, California", "Welfare", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Foreign relations of China" ]

{ "en": "In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. So, in a strict sense, a private school is an unaided independent school. For the purpose of this definition, only receipt of financial aid is considered, not land purchased from the government at a subsidized rate. It is within the power of both the union government and the state governments to govern schools since Education appears in the Concurrent list of legislative subjects in the constitution. The practice has been for the union government to provide the broad policy directions while the states create their own rules and regulations for the administration of the sector. Among other things, this has also resulted in 30 different Examination Boards or academic authorities that conduct examinations for school leaving certificates. Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states are the CBSE and the CISCE, NENBSE", "hi": "भारत में, निजी स्कूलों को स्वतंत्र विद्यालय कहा जाता है, लेकिन चूंकि कुछ निजी स्कूल सरकार से वित्तीय सहायता प्राप्त करते हैं, इसलिए यह सहायता प्राप्त या बिना सहायता प्राप्त विद्यालय हो सकते हैं। इसलिए, एक सख्त परिभाषा में, एक निजी स्कूल गैर सहायता प्राप्त स्वतंत्र स्कूल है। इस परिभाषा के उद्देश्य के लिए, केवल वित्तीय सहायता की प्राप्ति पर विचार किया जाता है, न कि अनुदानित दर पर सरकार से खरीदी गई भूमि पर। स्कूलों को संचालित करना केंद्र सरकार और राज्य सरकारों दोनों की शक्तियों के भीतर है क्योंकि शिक्षा को संविधान में विधायी विषयों की समवर्ती सूची में दिखाया गया है। प्रथानुसार केंद्र सरकार व्यापक नीति निर्देश प्रदान करती है, जबकि राज्य क्षेत्र के प्रशासन के लिए अपने नियम और कानून बनाते हैं। अन्य बातों के अलावा, इसके परिणामस्वरुप 30 अलग-अलग परीक्षा बोर्ड या शैक्षणिक प्राधिकरण भी हैं जो स्कूल छोड़ने के प्रमाण पत्र के लिए परीक्षा आयोजित करते हैं। प्रमुख परीक्षा बोर्ड जो कई राज्यों में मौजूद हैं, CBSE और CISCE, NENBSE हैं" }

{ "en": "Along with the CISCE and NENBSE, what is a notable Examination Board in multiple Indian states?", "hi": "CISCE और NENBSE के साथ, कई भारतीय राज्यों में एक उल्लेखनीय परीक्षा बोर्ड क्या है?" }

{ "en": [ "CBSE" ], "hi": [ "CBSE" ] }

{ "en": [ 991, 991, 991 ], "hi": [ 903 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Health care systems by country", "Educational inequality", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Education reform", "Portugal", "Native Americans in the United States", "History of women in the United States", "Education in New Zealand", "History of Western civilization", "Educational inequality in the United States", "Women in Islam", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Economic history of the United States", "Literacy", "University and college admission", "Foreign relations of India", "Higher education in Portugal", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "History of education", "United States labor law", "Reading", "Charter schools in the United States", "Tartan", "Persecution of Christians", "Miscegenation", "Vilnius", "England", "Madrasa", "History of France", "Academic degree", "Grading systems by country", "Freedom of religion in Africa by country", "Higher education in the United States", "Contract", "Women in science", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "History of Poles in the United States", "Imperial examination", "Universities in the United Kingdom", "List of countries with universal health care", "History of Germany", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Puerto Rico", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Bachelor's degree", "Arab citizens of Israel", "Greece", "Catholic school", "History of the United Kingdom", "History of Missouri", "Racism in the United States", "History of Scotland", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "Public university", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Education in South Africa", "New Mexico", "List of primary education systems by country", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "Civil rights movement", "Latin America", "Education in Latin America", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Chinese Filipino", "History of Detroit", "Sweden", "Academic term", "Education in Canada", "Educational technology", "European debt crisis", "Child care", "Waldorf education", "Apartheid", "Women in government", "Singapore", "Culture of England", "History of the Netherlands", "History of Austria", "Lithuania", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Grammar school", "Public school (United Kingdom)", "Education in Saudi Arabia", "Separation of church and state", "United Russia", "Higher education in Quebec", "Gifted education", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Glossary of baseball terms", "College admissions in the United States", "Reconstruction era", "College", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Education", "Marriage", "History of the Philippines", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Italy", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Economic history of Portugal", "Doctor of Philosophy", "Republic of Ireland", "Scotland", "Education in Finland", "Israel", "Education in Kenya", "Education in Thailand", "Education in England", "History of the United States", "Bilingual education by country or region", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "SAT", "New Deal", "History of education in New Zealand", "Vocational education", "Issues in higher education in the United States", "Moldova", "Pakistan", "Socialism", "Northern Ireland", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "History of Mexican Americans", "Italian Americans", "Islamic banking and finance", "Economy of the United States", "Television in the United States", "Baby boomers", "European Union", "Single-sex education", "Affirmative action in the United States", "Incarceration in the United States", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Canadian Indian residential school system", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "United Kingdom", "Christian culture", "History of socialism", "National broadband plan", "Religion in China", "France", "Admission to practice law", "English land law", "Secondary education in the United States", "Homeschooling in the United States", "Iloilo City", "Healthcare in the United States", "Phonics", "Central Philippine University", "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand", "History of state education in Queensland", "Education in Romania", "List of modern great powers", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "1996 California Proposition 218", "American frontier", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Education in the Netherlands", "Kerala", "Education in Africa", "Ethnomusicology", "Culture of the United States", "South African contract law", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Kenya", "Sierra Leone", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Well-being contributing factors", "New Orleans", "Camden, New Jersey", "University of Pennsylvania", "Wales", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Police corruption", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education", "Education in Scotland", "Defamation", "History of education in England", "Neoliberalism", "Protestantism", "Texas", "Denmark", "Progressive Era", "Science education in England", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "African Americans", "Estonia", "Homelessness", "Authoritarian socialism", "Imperial Roman army", "Finland", "Soviet Union", "Industrial Revolution", "History of Guatemala", "History of slavery", "Kindergarten", "Durham University", "Julius Nyerere", "Observance of Christmas by country", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Enoch Powell", "History of religion in the United States", "Irish Americans", "Virginia", "Logology (science)", "Education in Pakistan", "Special education", "University of Cambridge", "Taiwan", "Private university", "Education in Turkey", "Slavery in the United States", "Zimbabwe", "Eton College", "René Vilatte", "West Germany", "K–12 education in the United States", "Migrant worker", "Colonial history of the United States", "African-American history", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Hawaii", "Michael Heseltine", "Bangladesh", "Community colleges in the United States", "Somalia", "Border control", "H. H. Asquith", "Jesuits", "Racial segregation in the United States", "History of United States prison systems", "Quebec", "South African criminal law", "Sharia", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Human rights in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "California", "Religious education", "History of Lisbon", "Women's rights", "Anti-Catholicism", "History of Nigeria", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Multiculturalism", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Islamic terrorism", "Vietnam", "Iceland", "Value-form", "Catholic Church", "Glenn Youngkin", "Fake news", "Networked advocacy", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Sex education in the United States", "China", "University of Oxford", "Refugee children", "Slavic Native Faith", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Brazil", "Prison education", "Status of the Irish language", "Switzerland", "Confederate States of America", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Norway", "University of Georgia", "Christianity", "Special education in the United States", "Saudi Arabia", "World War II by country", "Detroit", "Education in Victoria", "Age of Enlightenment", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Social Security (United States)", "Madagascar", "Nigeria", "Mexico", "Canada", "Dissolution of the monasteries", "Jomo Kenyatta", "History of Poland", "Portuguese people", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Official bilingualism in Canada", "History of the United States government", "Malta", "Harold Wilson", "E-government in Europe", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Nazism", "Teacher", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "Detribalization", "Identity document", "Hispanic and Latino Americans", "Economy of India", "Specialist schools in the United Kingdom", "Ethiopia", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "Donald Trump", "Human rights in Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Boris Johnson", "Dominican Republic", "Indigenous Australians", "Human rights in the United States", "Papua (province)", "King's College London", "Affordable housing in Canada", "Interracial marriage", "Riau Islands", "British Raj", "Nazi Germany", "Affordable Care Act", "Sydney", "Educational stage", "South Africa", "History of the Southern United States", "Ralph Northam", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "British Columbia", "History of Speyer", "Jeremy Corbyn", "No Child Left Behind Act", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Television licence", "United States Agency for International Development", "Russian Empire", "Second Vatican Council", "Maryland", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Postgraduate education", "Uyghur genocide", "Cold War", "Social media", "History of United States foreign policy", "French Directory", "Charter school", "Fidel Castro", "Fish for finance", "Louisiana", "East Germany", "Relationship between religion and science", "History of Israel", "Economy of China", "Reformation", "Acorn Archimedes", "Ireland", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "County Dublin", "Common law", "Education in Bangladesh", "Thailand", "Serbia", "Light in painting", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Massachusetts", "Albania", "David Lloyd George", "Officers' Association", "Lebanon", "Nuclear program of Iran", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Economic history of France", "Egypt", "United Arab Emirates", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "North Korea", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Psychology", "Education in Cambodia", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "Persecution of Muslims", "South African Border War", "Higher education in British Columbia", "LGBT rights in Australia", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Mississippi", "Education in Japan", "Homeschooling international status and statistics", "Netherlands", "Generation Z", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Sport in the United Kingdom", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Scientology", "Vladimir Putin", "Bahrain", "South Korea", "History of Ghana", "Race and health in the United States", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "ASEAN", "Public broadcasting", "Wikipedia", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Iran", "History of Palestine", "Roman Empire", "Pierre Trudeau", "Princeton University", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Police brutality by country", "History of libraries", "Education in Russia", "Upper Canada College", "The Spirit of the Age", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Houston", "Women in music", "Freedom of speech by country", "Nursing", "Sabah", "Police", "Flint water crisis", "Science and technology in Israel", "School", "Education in Sweden", "Fiji", "Model minority", "Alabama", "Nepal", "Anglo-Saxons", "Sex trafficking", "Standardized test", "Myanmar", "Employment discrimination", "Ukraine", "Human capital flight", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region", "Education in Taiwan", "Interwar Britain", "Iran–Iraq War", "Yemen", "History of the nude in art", "Calgary", "American Jews", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Tuvalu", "Sexual harassment", "National Collegiate Athletic Association", "English trust law", "London", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Fracking in the United States", "John F. Kennedy", "Morrison government", "McGill University", "Pahang", "Victoria (state)", "Tertiary education in Australia", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Pornography", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Vermont", "List of smoking bans", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Education in Egypt", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Mauritius", "New Jersey", "Yale University", "English-medium education", "Poverty", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Pope John Paul II", "Xi Jinping", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Pope Pius XII", "University of Virginia", "Chiapas", "Fascism and ideology", "Divorce", "Democracy", "Walmart", "Military service", "Women's suffrage", "Namibia", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Trinity College Dublin", "Next Generation EU", "Pension", "Ottoman Empire", "Medicare (United States)", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Institute of technology", "Criticism of Confucius Institutes", "New York City", "Turkey", "Sardinian language", "Boarding school", "Hugo W. Koehler", "School meal", "Populism", "Forests Commission Victoria", "Lobbying in the United States", "United Kingdom company law", "Robert Mugabe", "Methodism", "Steele dossier", "Slavery", "The Judd School", "Economy of Scotland", "History of Belgium", "Pittsburgh", "Jacksonville, Florida", "Racism", "Falun Gong", "Howard government", "Nazi racial theories", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "History of Christianity in the United States", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Women's sports", "Montana", "History of Durham University", "Domestic violence", "Comprehensive school (England and Wales)", "Facebook", "Oman", "San Francisco", "Gymnasium (Germany)", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Islam in the United States", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "Education in Ghana", "Scotland in the early modern period", "Benazir Bhutto", "Anglicanism", "Chinese Indonesians", "Public housing", "Abbott government", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "History of Tunisia", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Christian school", "University of St Andrews", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Iran–United States relations", "Newark, New Jersey", "Canada convoy protest", "Hungary", "French Resistance", "Twitter", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "New Zealand", "Urban forestry", "Royalty payment", "Haiti", "Tort", "Tax", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Kosovo", "New York (state)", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "Slovenia", "Philadelphia", "Doctor of Medicine", "Catholic schools in Canada", "Tanzania", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "Jamaica", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Sex education", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "California Lutheran University", "Joseph Stalin", "China–United States relations", "University of Michigan", "Hamas", "Benito Mussolini", "Glasgow", "Havana", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Higher education in Nova Scotia", "Austria", "Spain", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Hugo Chávez", "Discrimination based on skin color", "Syria", "Freedom of religion in Vietnam", "Blueberry (comics)", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Labor history of the United States", "Andalusia", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Mitch Daniels", "Oceania", "History of schools in Scotland", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "American imperialism", "Sarawak", "Globalization", "Boston University", "Bermuda", "Culture of Tunisia", "American Revolution", "Teaching English as a second or foreign language", "Moscow", "Dubai", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "Florida State University", "Education in Greece", "History of the Jews in the United States", "One-child policy", "Transgender rights in the United States", "Pennsylvania", "Literacy in the United States", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Community radio", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Education in Zimbabwe", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Types of socialism", "Freedom of religion", "Public library", "Wartime sexual violence", "Criticism of Amazon", "17 October Revolution", "Piracy", "History of Indiana", "Society of the Song dynasty", "White Africans of European ancestry", "Text messaging", "Christian theology", "Croatia", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "Chernobyl disaster", "Religion in the United Kingdom", "Erasmus", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Uganda", "Gender inequality", "Adolescence", "Health insurance in the United States", "Student", "History of Christianity", "Residency (medicine)", "Vietnam War", "Foreign internal defense", "The Dresden Files characters", "Refugee", "Nelson Mandela", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Education policy of the United States", "Somalis in the United Kingdom", "Compulsory sterilization", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Engineering education", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "History of magic", "Lumumba Government", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Eastern Bloc", "Georgia (country)", "Alaska", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Zhou Enlai", "Ion Antonescu", "Indianapolis", "Women in STEM fields", "Gun violence in the United States", "Cornell University", "Gilded Age", "Child marriage", "Social enterprise", "History of anthropology by country", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Qing dynasty", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "Students' union", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "Cooperative", "Income inequality in the United States", "Maharashtra", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Ku Klux Klan", "Child labour", "Immigration to Canada", "School corporal punishment", "Burkina Faso", "History of Virginia", "George W. Bush", "History of Malaysia", "Black British people", "Chile", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of American newspapers", "History of Europe", "Sanskrit", "Unemployment benefits", "Military band", "University College London", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Roe v. Wade", "History of Beijing", "Catholic Church in the United States", "Education in Mexico", "History of Lithuania", "Iraq", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Qianzhuang", "Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador", "Criticism of Facebook", "Specialist schools programme", "Economy of Morocco", "Affirmative action", "Jordan", "Middle Ages", "Economy of Armenia", "Ivy League", "Israeli Jews", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "History of Hungary", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Spanish Civil War", "Foreign relations of Taiwan", "University of California", "Chicago", "Organized crime", "Duke University", "History of medicine", "Black Canadians", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Social history of post-war Britain (1945–1979)", "Afghanistan", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "Politics of the United States", "Jury", "Haredi Judaism", "Organ donation", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Buenos Aires", "Oklahoma", "Lesbian", "Homeschooling", "Christianity in the United States", "YouTube", "BBC", "BP", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Jerusalem", "History of the Jews in Russia", "Net neutrality", "Economic history of Mexico", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Modern paganism", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "History of Jamaica", "Nationalism", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Conservative Party (UK)", "Armenia", "Corporate social responsibility", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "History of Cumbria", "Sephardic Jews", "Culture of France", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Connecticut", "Education in Hong Kong", "Sexism", "Frankston, Victoria", "German Americans", "Desegregation busing", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Spanish Inquisition", "Education in Azerbaijan", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Strip club", "Mitt Romney", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "Toronto", "Botswana", "Education in Sri Lanka", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Women in the workforce", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Riba", "United States", "History of social democracy", "Refugees of the Syrian civil war", "Southern United States", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Birmingham", "Poland", "Catholic Church in England and Wales", "Cultural Revolution", "Paris in the 18th century", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom", "K-pop", "Christian right", "Korea under Japanese rule", "Constitution of the United States", "BDSM", "Indiana", "Premiership of Maurice Duplessis", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "Bulgarian Turks", "Fair trade", "Dubbing", "Kuwait", "Jean Chrétien", "Hoa people", "John Maynard Keynes", "English as a second or foreign language", "Cambodia", "Reproductive justice", "Religion in Albania", "History of Zakynthos", "Northern England", "British people", "History of personal computers", "Michigan State University", "Education in Nigeria", "Atlanta", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Yanco Agricultural High School", "Blasphemy law", "Governorship of Mitt Romney", "Caste system in India", "Salary cap", "Argentina", "Montessori in Thailand", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Violence against women", "Economy of North Korea", "British African-Caribbean people", "Philosophy of education", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "British National Party", "English language", "Europeans in Oceania", "Australia", "Debit card", "Charles George Gordon", "Mircea Eliade", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Sex differences in education", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Vaccination policy", "Human nutrition", "Massive open online course", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "History of opera", "Toronto District School Board", "Wahhabism", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Abortion in the United States", "Higher education in Canada", "Hillary Clinton", "School segregation in the United States", "Austin, Texas", "Immigration", "Rio de Janeiro", "Michigan", "Douglas MacArthur", "Indira Gandhi", "Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan", "British Caledonian", "Private and public schools in China", "History of autism", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "Safavid Iran", "Republican Party (United States)", "Venezuela", "Great Depression", "Superstation", "Kashmir conflict", "Desmond Tutu", "Italian diaspora", "Economy of Egypt", "Education in Mali", "Rudy Giuliani", "Tennessee", "Mexico City", "Midwestern United States", "Television licensing in the United Kingdom", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Cesar Chavez", "Liberty University", "Spanish Empire", "History of the Internet", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Gender inequality in the United States", "The Co-operative Group", "Separation of church and state in the United States", "Boston", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Higher education in Japan", "Marxism–Leninism", "First Nations in Canada", "Algeria", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Rhodesia", "Socialist economics", "Cape Town", "Barack Obama", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "Bhutan", "French Third Republic", "Academy", "Nawaz Sharif", "Diploma mill", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Cham Albanians", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "Catalonia", "Colombian peace process", "Norwich School", "Inclusion (education)", "Telehealth", "Norwich", "Education in Kerala", "Television", "History of the Catholic Church", "South African constitutional litigation", "United States corporate law", "Weather of 2010", "Demographics of Malaysia", "Women in Pakistan", "Matura", "Minneapolis", "Edmonton", "Burbank, California", "Welfare", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Foreign relations of China" ]

{ "en": "In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. So, in a strict sense, a private school is an unaided independent school. For the purpose of this definition, only receipt of financial aid is considered, not land purchased from the government at a subsidized rate. It is within the power of both the union government and the state governments to govern schools since Education appears in the Concurrent list of legislative subjects in the constitution. The practice has been for the union government to provide the broad policy directions while the states create their own rules and regulations for the administration of the sector. Among other things, this has also resulted in 30 different Examination Boards or academic authorities that conduct examinations for school leaving certificates. Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states are the CBSE and the CISCE, NENBSE", "hi": "भारत में, निजी स्कूलों को स्वतंत्र विद्यालय कहा जाता है, लेकिन चूंकि कुछ निजी स्कूल सरकार से वित्तीय सहायता प्राप्त करते हैं, इसलिए यह सहायता प्राप्त या बिना सहायता प्राप्त विद्यालय हो सकते हैं। इसलिए, एक सख्त परिभाषा में, एक निजी स्कूल गैर सहायता प्राप्त स्वतंत्र स्कूल है। इस परिभाषा के उद्देश्य के लिए, केवल वित्तीय सहायता की प्राप्ति पर विचार किया जाता है, न कि अनुदानित दर पर सरकार से खरीदी गई भूमि पर। स्कूलों को संचालित करना केंद्र सरकार और राज्य सरकारों दोनों की शक्तियों के भीतर है क्योंकि शिक्षा को संविधान में विधायी विषयों की समवर्ती सूची में दिखाया गया है। प्रथानुसार केंद्र सरकार व्यापक नीति निर्देश प्रदान करती है, जबकि राज्य क्षेत्र के प्रशासन के लिए अपने नियम और कानून बनाते हैं। अन्य बातों के अलावा, इसके परिणामस्वरुप 30 अलग-अलग परीक्षा बोर्ड या शैक्षणिक प्राधिकरण भी हैं जो स्कूल छोड़ने के प्रमाण पत्र के लिए परीक्षा आयोजित करते हैं। प्रमुख परीक्षा बोर्ड जो कई राज्यों में मौजूद हैं, CBSE और CISCE, NENBSE हैं" }

{ "en": "How many Examination Boards exist in India?", "hi": "भारत में कितने परीक्षा बोर्ड मौजूद हैं?" }

{ "en": [ "30" ], "hi": [ "30" ] }

{ "en": [ 803, 803, 803 ], "hi": [ 736 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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{ "en": "In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. So, in a strict sense, a private school is an unaided independent school. For the purpose of this definition, only receipt of financial aid is considered, not land purchased from the government at a subsidized rate. It is within the power of both the union government and the state governments to govern schools since Education appears in the Concurrent list of legislative subjects in the constitution. The practice has been for the union government to provide the broad policy directions while the states create their own rules and regulations for the administration of the sector. Among other things, this has also resulted in 30 different Examination Boards or academic authorities that conduct examinations for school leaving certificates. Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states are the CBSE and the CISCE, NENBSE", "hi": "भारत में, निजी स्कूलों को स्वतंत्र विद्यालय कहा जाता है, लेकिन चूंकि कुछ निजी स्कूल सरकार से वित्तीय सहायता प्राप्त करते हैं, इसलिए यह सहायता प्राप्त या बिना सहायता प्राप्त विद्यालय हो सकते हैं। इसलिए, एक सख्त परिभाषा में, एक निजी स्कूल गैर सहायता प्राप्त स्वतंत्र स्कूल है। इस परिभाषा के उद्देश्य के लिए, केवल वित्तीय सहायता की प्राप्ति पर विचार किया जाता है, न कि अनुदानित दर पर सरकार से खरीदी गई भूमि पर। स्कूलों को संचालित करना केंद्र सरकार और राज्य सरकारों दोनों की शक्तियों के भीतर है क्योंकि शिक्षा को संविधान में विधायी विषयों की समवर्ती सूची में दिखाया गया है। प्रथानुसार केंद्र सरकार व्यापक नीति निर्देश प्रदान करती है, जबकि राज्य क्षेत्र के प्रशासन के लिए अपने नियम और कानून बनाते हैं। अन्य बातों के अलावा, इसके परिणामस्वरुप 30 अलग-अलग परीक्षा बोर्ड या शैक्षणिक प्राधिकरण भी हैं जो स्कूल छोड़ने के प्रमाण पत्र के लिए परीक्षा आयोजित करते हैं। प्रमुख परीक्षा बोर्ड जो कई राज्यों में मौजूद हैं, CBSE और CISCE, NENBSE हैं" }

{ "en": "What body in India provides policy directions to schools?", "hi": "भारत में कौन सा निकाय स्कूलों को नीति निर्देश प्रदान करता है?" }

{ "en": [ "union government" ], "hi": [ "केंद्र सरकार" ] }

{ "en": [ 607, 603, 607 ], "hi": [ 581 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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Bush administration", "Trinity College Dublin", "Next Generation EU", "Pension", "Ottoman Empire", "Medicare (United States)", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Institute of technology", "Criticism of Confucius Institutes", "New York City", "Turkey", "Sardinian language", "Boarding school", "Hugo W. Koehler", "School meal", "Populism", "Forests Commission Victoria", "Lobbying in the United States", "United Kingdom company law", "Robert Mugabe", "Methodism", "Steele dossier", "Slavery", "The Judd School", "Economy of Scotland", "History of Belgium", "Pittsburgh", "Jacksonville, Florida", "Racism", "Falun Gong", "Howard government", "Nazi racial theories", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "History of Christianity in the United States", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Women's sports", "Montana", "History of Durham University", "Domestic violence", "Comprehensive school (England and Wales)", "Facebook", "Oman", "San Francisco", "Gymnasium (Germany)", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Islam in the United States", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "Education in Ghana", "Scotland in the early modern period", "Benazir Bhutto", "Anglicanism", "Chinese Indonesians", "Public housing", "Abbott government", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "History of Tunisia", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Christian school", "University of St Andrews", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Iran–United States relations", "Newark, New Jersey", "Canada convoy protest", "Hungary", "French Resistance", "Twitter", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "New Zealand", "Urban forestry", "Royalty payment", "Haiti", "Tort", "Tax", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Kosovo", "New York (state)", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "Slovenia", "Philadelphia", "Doctor of Medicine", "Catholic schools in Canada", "Tanzania", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "Jamaica", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Sex education", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "California Lutheran University", "Joseph Stalin", "China–United States relations", "University of Michigan", "Hamas", "Benito Mussolini", "Glasgow", "Havana", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Higher education in Nova Scotia", "Austria", "Spain", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Hugo Chávez", "Discrimination based on skin color", "Syria", "Freedom of religion in Vietnam", "Blueberry (comics)", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Labor history of the United States", "Andalusia", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Mitch Daniels", "Oceania", "History of schools in Scotland", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "American imperialism", "Sarawak", "Globalization", "Boston University", "Bermuda", "Culture of Tunisia", "American Revolution", "Teaching English as a second or foreign language", "Moscow", "Dubai", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "Florida State University", "Education in Greece", "History of the Jews in the United States", "One-child policy", "Transgender rights in the United States", "Pennsylvania", "Literacy in the United States", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Community radio", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Education in Zimbabwe", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Types of socialism", "Freedom of religion", "Public library", "Wartime sexual violence", "Criticism of Amazon", "17 October Revolution", "Piracy", "History of Indiana", "Society of the Song dynasty", "White Africans of European ancestry", "Text messaging", "Christian theology", "Croatia", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "Chernobyl disaster", "Religion in the United Kingdom", "Erasmus", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Uganda", "Gender inequality", "Adolescence", "Health insurance in the United States", "Student", "History of Christianity", "Residency (medicine)", "Vietnam War", "Foreign internal defense", "The Dresden Files characters", "Refugee", "Nelson Mandela", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Education policy of the United States", "Somalis in the United Kingdom", "Compulsory sterilization", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Engineering education", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "History of magic", "Lumumba Government", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Eastern Bloc", "Georgia (country)", "Alaska", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Zhou Enlai", "Ion Antonescu", "Indianapolis", "Women in STEM fields", "Gun violence in the United States", "Cornell University", "Gilded Age", "Child marriage", "Social enterprise", "History of anthropology by country", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Qing dynasty", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "Students' union", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "Cooperative", "Income inequality in the United States", "Maharashtra", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Ku Klux Klan", "Child labour", "Immigration to Canada", "School corporal punishment", "Burkina Faso", "History of Virginia", "George W. 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Eisenhower", "Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom", "K-pop", "Christian right", "Korea under Japanese rule", "Constitution of the United States", "BDSM", "Indiana", "Premiership of Maurice Duplessis", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "Bulgarian Turks", "Fair trade", "Dubbing", "Kuwait", "Jean Chrétien", "Hoa people", "John Maynard Keynes", "English as a second or foreign language", "Cambodia", "Reproductive justice", "Religion in Albania", "History of Zakynthos", "Northern England", "British people", "History of personal computers", "Michigan State University", "Education in Nigeria", "Atlanta", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Yanco Agricultural High School", "Blasphemy law", "Governorship of Mitt Romney", "Caste system in India", "Salary cap", "Argentina", "Montessori in Thailand", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Violence against women", "Economy of North Korea", "British African-Caribbean people", "Philosophy of education", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "British National Party", "English language", "Europeans in Oceania", "Australia", "Debit card", "Charles George Gordon", "Mircea Eliade", "Presidency of John F. 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{ "en": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: \"public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)", "hi": "दक्षिण अफ्रीका के कुछ सबसे पुराने स्कूल निजी चर्च स्कूल हैं जो उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में मिशनरियों द्वारा स्थापित किए गए थे। निजी क्षेत्र तब से बढ़ा है। रंगभेद के उन्मूलन के बाद, दक्षिण अफ्रीका में निजी शिक्षा को नियंत्रित करने वाले कानूनों में काफी बदलाव आया। 1996 का दक्षिण अफ्रीकी स्कूल अधिनियम स्कूलों की दो श्रेणियों को मान्यता देता है: \"सार्वजनिक\" (राज्य-नियंत्रित) और \"स्वतंत्र\" (जिसमें पारंपरिक निजी स्कूल और वह स्कूल शामिल हैं जो निजी तौर पर संचालित होते हैं [स्पष्टीकरण की जरूरत है]।)" }

{ "en": "What South African law recognized two types of schools?", "hi": "किस दक्षिण अफ्रीकी कानून ने दो प्रकार के स्कूलों को मान्यता दी?" }

{ "en": [ "South African Schools Act" ], "hi": [ "दक्षिण अफ्रीकी स्कूल अधिनियम" ] }

{ "en": [ 296, 296, 296 ], "hi": [ 275 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Health care systems by country", "Educational inequality", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Education reform", "Portugal", "Native Americans in the United States", "History of women in the United States", "Education in New Zealand", "History of Western civilization", "Educational inequality in the United States", "Women in Islam", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Economic history of the United States", "Literacy", "University and college admission", "Foreign relations of India", "Higher education in Portugal", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "History of education", "United States labor law", "Reading", "Charter schools in the United States", "Tartan", "Persecution of Christians", "Miscegenation", "Vilnius", "England", "Madrasa", "History of France", "Academic degree", "Grading systems by country", "Freedom of religion in Africa by country", "Higher education in the United States", "Contract", "Women in science", "History of the Labour 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the United States", "Iloilo City", "Healthcare in the United States", "Phonics", "Central Philippine University", "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand", "History of state education in Queensland", "Education in Romania", "List of modern great powers", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "1996 California Proposition 218", "American frontier", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Education in the Netherlands", "Kerala", "Education in Africa", "Ethnomusicology", "Culture of the United States", "South African contract law", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Kenya", "Sierra Leone", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Well-being contributing factors", "New Orleans", "Camden, New Jersey", "University of Pennsylvania", "Wales", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Police corruption", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education", "Education in Scotland", "Defamation", "History of education in England", "Neoliberalism", "Protestantism", "Texas", "Denmark", "Progressive Era", "Science education in England", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "African Americans", "Estonia", "Homelessness", "Authoritarian socialism", "Imperial Roman army", "Finland", "Soviet Union", "Industrial Revolution", "History of Guatemala", "History of slavery", "Kindergarten", "Durham University", "Julius Nyerere", "Observance of Christmas by country", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Enoch Powell", "History of religion in the United States", "Irish Americans", "Virginia", "Logology (science)", "Education in Pakistan", "Special education", "University of Cambridge", "Taiwan", "Private university", "Education in Turkey", "Slavery in the United States", "Zimbabwe", "Eton College", "René Vilatte", "West Germany", "K–12 education in the United States", "Migrant worker", "Colonial history of the United States", "African-American 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"Christianity", "Special education in the United States", "Saudi Arabia", "World War II by country", "Detroit", "Education in Victoria", "Age of Enlightenment", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Social Security (United States)", "Madagascar", "Nigeria", "Mexico", "Canada", "Dissolution of the monasteries", "Jomo Kenyatta", "History of Poland", "Portuguese people", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Official bilingualism in Canada", "History of the United States government", "Malta", "Harold Wilson", "E-government in Europe", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Nazism", "Teacher", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "Detribalization", "Identity document", "Hispanic and Latino Americans", "Economy of India", "Specialist schools in the United Kingdom", "Ethiopia", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "Donald Trump", "Human rights in Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Boris Johnson", "Dominican 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"Sport in the United Kingdom", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Scientology", "Vladimir Putin", "Bahrain", "South Korea", "History of Ghana", "Race and health in the United States", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "ASEAN", "Public broadcasting", "Wikipedia", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Iran", "History of Palestine", "Roman Empire", "Pierre Trudeau", "Princeton University", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Police brutality by country", "History of libraries", "Education in Russia", "Upper Canada College", "The Spirit of the Age", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Houston", "Women in music", "Freedom of speech by country", "Nursing", "Sabah", "Police", "Flint water crisis", "Science and technology in Israel", "School", "Education in Sweden", "Fiji", "Model minority", "Alabama", "Nepal", "Anglo-Saxons", "Sex trafficking", "Standardized test", "Myanmar", "Employment discrimination", "Ukraine", "Human capital flight", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region", "Education in Taiwan", "Interwar Britain", "Iran–Iraq War", "Yemen", "History of the nude in art", "Calgary", "American Jews", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Tuvalu", "Sexual harassment", "National Collegiate Athletic Association", "English trust law", "London", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Fracking in the United States", "John F. 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{ "en": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: \"public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)", "hi": "दक्षिण अफ्रीका के कुछ सबसे पुराने स्कूल निजी चर्च स्कूल हैं जो उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में मिशनरियों द्वारा स्थापित किए गए थे। निजी क्षेत्र तब से बढ़ा है। रंगभेद के उन्मूलन के बाद, दक्षिण अफ्रीका में निजी शिक्षा को नियंत्रित करने वाले कानूनों में काफी बदलाव आया। 1996 का दक्षिण अफ्रीकी स्कूल अधिनियम स्कूलों की दो श्रेणियों को मान्यता देता है: \"सार्वजनिक\" (राज्य-नियंत्रित) और \"स्वतंत्र\" (जिसमें पारंपरिक निजी स्कूल और वह स्कूल शामिल हैं जो निजी तौर पर संचालित होते हैं [स्पष्टीकरण की जरूरत है]।)" }

{ "en": "In what year was the South African Schools Act passed?", "hi": "दक्षिण अफ्रीकी स्कूल अधिनियम किस वर्ष पारित किया गया था?" }

{ "en": [ "1996" ], "hi": [ "1996" ] }

{ "en": [ 325, 325, 325 ], "hi": [ 267 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to 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"Education in Scotland", "Defamation", "History of education in England", "Neoliberalism", "Protestantism", "Texas", "Denmark", "Progressive Era", "Science education in England", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "African Americans", "Estonia", "Homelessness", "Authoritarian socialism", "Imperial Roman army", "Finland", "Soviet Union", "Industrial Revolution", "History of Guatemala", "History of slavery", "Kindergarten", "Durham University", "Julius Nyerere", "Observance of Christmas by country", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Enoch Powell", "History of religion in the United States", "Irish Americans", "Virginia", "Logology (science)", "Education in Pakistan", "Special education", "University of Cambridge", "Taiwan", "Private university", "Education in Turkey", "Slavery in the United States", "Zimbabwe", "Eton College", "René Vilatte", "West Germany", "K–12 education in the United States", "Migrant worker", "Colonial history of the United States", "African-American 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Asquith", "Jesuits", "Racial segregation in the United States", "History of United States prison systems", "Quebec", "South African criminal law", "Sharia", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Human rights in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "California", "Religious education", "History of Lisbon", "Women's rights", "Anti-Catholicism", "History of Nigeria", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Multiculturalism", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Islamic terrorism", "Vietnam", "Iceland", "Value-form", "Catholic Church", "Glenn Youngkin", "Fake news", "Networked advocacy", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Sex education in the United States", "China", "University of Oxford", "Refugee children", "Slavic Native Faith", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Brazil", "Prison education", "Status of the Irish language", "Switzerland", "Confederate States of America", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Norway", "University of Georgia", "Christianity", "Special education in the United States", "Saudi Arabia", "World War II by country", "Detroit", "Education in Victoria", "Age of Enlightenment", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Social Security (United States)", "Madagascar", "Nigeria", "Mexico", "Canada", "Dissolution of the monasteries", "Jomo Kenyatta", "History of Poland", "Portuguese people", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Official bilingualism in Canada", "History of the United States government", "Malta", "Harold Wilson", "E-government in Europe", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Nazism", "Teacher", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "Detribalization", "Identity document", "Hispanic and Latino Americans", "Economy of India", "Specialist schools in the United Kingdom", "Ethiopia", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "Donald Trump", "Human rights in Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Boris Johnson", "Dominican Republic", "Indigenous Australians", "Human rights in the United States", "Papua (province)", "King's College London", "Affordable housing in Canada", "Interracial marriage", "Riau Islands", "British Raj", "Nazi Germany", "Affordable Care Act", "Sydney", "Educational stage", "South Africa", "History of the Southern United States", "Ralph Northam", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "British Columbia", "History of Speyer", "Jeremy Corbyn", "No Child Left Behind Act", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Television licence", "United States Agency for International Development", "Russian Empire", "Second Vatican Council", "Maryland", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Postgraduate education", "Uyghur genocide", "Cold War", "Social media", "History of United States foreign policy", "French Directory", "Charter school", "Fidel Castro", "Fish for finance", "Louisiana", "East Germany", "Relationship between religion and science", "History of Israel", "Economy of China", "Reformation", "Acorn Archimedes", "Ireland", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "County Dublin", "Common law", "Education in Bangladesh", "Thailand", "Serbia", "Light in painting", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Massachusetts", "Albania", "David Lloyd George", "Officers' Association", "Lebanon", "Nuclear program of Iran", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Economic history of France", "Egypt", "United Arab Emirates", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "North Korea", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Psychology", "Education in Cambodia", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "Persecution of Muslims", "South African Border War", "Higher education in British Columbia", "LGBT rights in Australia", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Mississippi", "Education in Japan", "Homeschooling international status and statistics", "Netherlands", "Generation Z", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Sport in the United Kingdom", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Scientology", "Vladimir Putin", "Bahrain", "South Korea", "History of Ghana", "Race and health in the United States", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "ASEAN", "Public broadcasting", "Wikipedia", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Iran", "History of Palestine", "Roman Empire", "Pierre Trudeau", "Princeton University", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Police brutality by country", "History of libraries", "Education in Russia", "Upper Canada College", "The Spirit of the Age", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Houston", "Women in music", "Freedom of speech by country", "Nursing", "Sabah", "Police", "Flint water crisis", "Science and technology in Israel", "School", "Education in Sweden", "Fiji", "Model minority", "Alabama", "Nepal", "Anglo-Saxons", "Sex trafficking", "Standardized test", "Myanmar", "Employment discrimination", "Ukraine", "Human capital flight", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region", "Education in Taiwan", "Interwar Britain", "Iran–Iraq War", "Yemen", "History of the nude in art", "Calgary", "American Jews", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Tuvalu", "Sexual harassment", "National Collegiate Athletic Association", "English trust law", "London", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Fracking in the United States", "John F. 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "California Lutheran University", "Joseph Stalin", "China–United States relations", "University of Michigan", "Hamas", "Benito Mussolini", "Glasgow", "Havana", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Higher education in Nova Scotia", "Austria", "Spain", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Hugo Chávez", "Discrimination based on skin color", "Syria", "Freedom of religion in Vietnam", "Blueberry (comics)", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Labor history of the United States", "Andalusia", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Mitch Daniels", "Oceania", "History of schools in Scotland", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "American imperialism", "Sarawak", "Globalization", "Boston University", "Bermuda", "Culture of Tunisia", "American Revolution", "Teaching English as a second or foreign language", "Moscow", "Dubai", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "Florida State University", "Education in Greece", "History of the Jews in the United States", "One-child policy", "Transgender rights in the United States", "Pennsylvania", "Literacy in the United States", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Community radio", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Education in Zimbabwe", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Types of socialism", "Freedom of religion", "Public library", "Wartime sexual violence", "Criticism of Amazon", "17 October Revolution", "Piracy", "History of Indiana", "Society of the Song dynasty", "White Africans of European ancestry", "Text messaging", "Christian theology", "Croatia", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "Chernobyl disaster", "Religion in the United Kingdom", "Erasmus", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Uganda", "Gender inequality", "Adolescence", "Health insurance in the United States", "Student", "History of Christianity", "Residency (medicine)", "Vietnam War", "Foreign internal defense", "The Dresden Files characters", "Refugee", "Nelson Mandela", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Education policy of the United States", "Somalis in the United Kingdom", "Compulsory sterilization", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Engineering education", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "History of magic", "Lumumba Government", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Eastern Bloc", "Georgia (country)", "Alaska", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Zhou Enlai", "Ion Antonescu", "Indianapolis", "Women in STEM fields", "Gun violence in the United States", "Cornell University", "Gilded Age", "Child marriage", "Social enterprise", "History of anthropology by country", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Qing dynasty", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "Students' union", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "Cooperative", "Income inequality in the United States", "Maharashtra", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Ku Klux Klan", "Child labour", "Immigration to Canada", "School corporal punishment", "Burkina Faso", "History of Virginia", "George W. 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Eisenhower", "Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom", "K-pop", "Christian right", "Korea under Japanese rule", "Constitution of the United States", "BDSM", "Indiana", "Premiership of Maurice Duplessis", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "Bulgarian Turks", "Fair trade", "Dubbing", "Kuwait", "Jean Chrétien", "Hoa people", "John Maynard Keynes", "English as a second or foreign language", "Cambodia", "Reproductive justice", "Religion in Albania", "History of Zakynthos", "Northern England", "British people", "History of personal computers", "Michigan State University", "Education in Nigeria", "Atlanta", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Yanco Agricultural High School", "Blasphemy law", "Governorship of Mitt Romney", "Caste system in India", "Salary cap", "Argentina", "Montessori in Thailand", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Violence against women", "Economy of North Korea", "British African-Caribbean people", "Philosophy of education", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "British National Party", "English language", "Europeans in Oceania", "Australia", "Debit card", "Charles George Gordon", "Mircea Eliade", "Presidency of John F. 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{ "en": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: \"public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)", "hi": "दक्षिण अफ्रीका के कुछ सबसे पुराने स्कूल निजी चर्च स्कूल हैं जो उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में मिशनरियों द्वारा स्थापित किए गए थे। निजी क्षेत्र तब से बढ़ा है। रंगभेद के उन्मूलन के बाद, दक्षिण अफ्रीका में निजी शिक्षा को नियंत्रित करने वाले कानूनों में काफी बदलाव आया। 1996 का दक्षिण अफ्रीकी स्कूल अधिनियम स्कूलों की दो श्रेणियों को मान्यता देता है: \"सार्वजनिक\" (राज्य-नियंत्रित) और \"स्वतंत्र\" (जिसमें पारंपरिक निजी स्कूल और वह स्कूल शामिल हैं जो निजी तौर पर संचालित होते हैं [स्पष्टीकरण की जरूरत है]।)" }

{ "en": "Along with public schools, what type of school was recognized under the South African Schools Act?", "hi": "पब्लिक स्कूलों के साथ, दक्षिण अफ्रीकी स्कूल अधिनियम के तहत किस प्रकार के स्कूल को मान्यता दी गई थी?" }

{ "en": [ "independent" ], "hi": [ "स्वतंत्र" ] }

{ "en": [ 401, 401, 401 ], "hi": [ 382 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Health care systems by country", "Educational inequality", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Education reform", "Portugal", "Native Americans in the United States", "History of women in the United States", "Education in New Zealand", "History of Western civilization", "Educational inequality in the United States", "Women in Islam", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Economic history of the United States", "Literacy", "University and college admission", "Foreign relations of India", "Higher education in Portugal", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "History of education", "United States labor law", "Reading", "Charter schools in the United States", "Tartan", "Persecution of Christians", "Miscegenation", "Vilnius", "England", "Madrasa", "History of France", "Academic degree", "Grading systems by country", "Freedom of religion in Africa by country", "Higher education in the United States", "Contract", "Women in science", "History of the Labour 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education by country or region", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "SAT", "New Deal", "History of education in New Zealand", "Vocational education", "Issues in higher education in the United States", "Moldova", "Pakistan", "Socialism", "Northern Ireland", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "History of Mexican Americans", "Italian Americans", "Islamic banking and finance", "Economy of the United States", "Television in the United States", "Baby boomers", "European Union", "Single-sex education", "Affirmative action in the United States", "Incarceration in the United States", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Canadian Indian residential school system", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "United Kingdom", "Christian culture", "History of socialism", "National broadband plan", "Religion in China", "France", "Admission to practice law", "English land law", "Secondary education in the United States", "Homeschooling in the United States", "Iloilo City", "Healthcare in the United States", "Phonics", "Central Philippine University", "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand", "History of state education in Queensland", "Education in Romania", "List of modern great powers", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "1996 California Proposition 218", "American frontier", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Education in the Netherlands", "Kerala", "Education in Africa", "Ethnomusicology", "Culture of the United States", "South African contract law", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Kenya", "Sierra Leone", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Well-being contributing factors", "New Orleans", "Camden, New Jersey", "University of Pennsylvania", "Wales", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Police corruption", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education", "Education in Scotland", "Defamation", "History of education in England", "Neoliberalism", "Protestantism", "Texas", "Denmark", "Progressive Era", "Science education in England", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "African Americans", "Estonia", "Homelessness", "Authoritarian socialism", "Imperial Roman army", "Finland", "Soviet Union", "Industrial Revolution", "History of Guatemala", "History of slavery", "Kindergarten", "Durham University", "Julius Nyerere", "Observance of Christmas by country", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Enoch Powell", "History of religion in the United States", "Irish Americans", "Virginia", "Logology (science)", "Education in Pakistan", "Special education", "University of Cambridge", "Taiwan", "Private university", "Education in Turkey", "Slavery in the United States", "Zimbabwe", "Eton College", "René Vilatte", "West Germany", "K–12 education in the United States", "Migrant worker", "Colonial history of the United States", "African-American history", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Hawaii", "Michael Heseltine", "Bangladesh", "Community colleges in the United States", "Somalia", "Border control", "H. H. Asquith", "Jesuits", "Racial segregation in the United States", "History of United States prison systems", "Quebec", "South African criminal law", "Sharia", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Human rights in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "California", "Religious education", "History of Lisbon", "Women's rights", "Anti-Catholicism", "History of Nigeria", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Multiculturalism", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Islamic terrorism", "Vietnam", "Iceland", "Value-form", "Catholic Church", "Glenn Youngkin", "Fake news", "Networked advocacy", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Sex education in the United States", "China", "University of Oxford", "Refugee children", "Slavic Native Faith", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Brazil", "Prison education", "Status of the Irish language", "Switzerland", "Confederate States of America", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Norway", "University of Georgia", "Christianity", "Special education in the United States", "Saudi Arabia", "World War II by country", "Detroit", "Education in Victoria", "Age of Enlightenment", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Social Security (United States)", "Madagascar", "Nigeria", "Mexico", "Canada", "Dissolution of the monasteries", "Jomo Kenyatta", "History of Poland", "Portuguese people", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Official bilingualism in Canada", "History of the United States government", "Malta", "Harold Wilson", "E-government in Europe", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Nazism", "Teacher", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "Detribalization", "Identity document", "Hispanic and Latino Americans", "Economy of India", "Specialist schools in the United Kingdom", "Ethiopia", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "Donald Trump", "Human rights in Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Boris Johnson", "Dominican Republic", "Indigenous Australians", "Human rights in the United States", "Papua (province)", "King's College London", "Affordable housing in Canada", "Interracial marriage", "Riau Islands", "British Raj", "Nazi Germany", "Affordable Care Act", "Sydney", "Educational stage", "South Africa", "History of the Southern United States", "Ralph Northam", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "British Columbia", "History of Speyer", "Jeremy Corbyn", "No Child Left Behind Act", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Television licence", "United States Agency for International Development", "Russian Empire", "Second Vatican Council", "Maryland", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Postgraduate education", "Uyghur genocide", "Cold War", "Social media", "History of United States foreign policy", "French Directory", "Charter school", "Fidel Castro", "Fish for finance", "Louisiana", "East Germany", "Relationship between religion and science", "History of Israel", "Economy of China", "Reformation", "Acorn Archimedes", "Ireland", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "County Dublin", "Common law", "Education in Bangladesh", "Thailand", "Serbia", "Light in painting", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Massachusetts", "Albania", "David Lloyd George", "Officers' Association", "Lebanon", "Nuclear program of Iran", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Economic history of France", "Egypt", "United Arab Emirates", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "North Korea", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Psychology", "Education in Cambodia", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "Persecution of Muslims", "South African Border War", "Higher education in British Columbia", "LGBT rights in Australia", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Mississippi", "Education in Japan", "Homeschooling international status and statistics", "Netherlands", "Generation Z", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Sport in the United Kingdom", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Scientology", "Vladimir Putin", "Bahrain", "South Korea", "History of Ghana", "Race and health in the United States", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "ASEAN", "Public broadcasting", "Wikipedia", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Iran", "History of Palestine", "Roman Empire", "Pierre Trudeau", "Princeton University", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Police brutality by country", "History of libraries", "Education in Russia", "Upper Canada College", "The Spirit of the Age", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Houston", "Women in music", "Freedom of speech by country", "Nursing", "Sabah", "Police", "Flint water crisis", "Science and technology in Israel", "School", "Education in Sweden", "Fiji", "Model minority", "Alabama", "Nepal", "Anglo-Saxons", "Sex trafficking", "Standardized test", "Myanmar", "Employment discrimination", "Ukraine", "Human capital flight", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region", "Education in Taiwan", "Interwar Britain", "Iran–Iraq War", "Yemen", "History of the nude in art", "Calgary", "American Jews", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Tuvalu", "Sexual harassment", "National Collegiate Athletic Association", "English trust law", "London", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Fracking in the United States", "John F. Kennedy", "Morrison government", "McGill University", "Pahang", "Victoria (state)", "Tertiary education in Australia", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Pornography", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Vermont", "List of smoking bans", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Education in Egypt", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Mauritius", "New Jersey", "Yale University", "English-medium education", "Poverty", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Pope John Paul II", "Xi Jinping", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Pope Pius XII", "University of Virginia", "Chiapas", "Fascism and ideology", "Divorce", "Democracy", "Walmart", "Military service", "Women's suffrage", "Namibia", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Trinity College Dublin", "Next Generation EU", "Pension", "Ottoman Empire", "Medicare (United States)", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Institute of technology", "Criticism of Confucius Institutes", "New York City", "Turkey", "Sardinian language", "Boarding school", "Hugo W. Koehler", "School meal", "Populism", "Forests Commission Victoria", "Lobbying in the United States", "United Kingdom company law", "Robert Mugabe", "Methodism", "Steele dossier", "Slavery", "The Judd School", "Economy of Scotland", "History of Belgium", "Pittsburgh", "Jacksonville, Florida", "Racism", "Falun Gong", "Howard government", "Nazi racial theories", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "History of Christianity in the United States", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Women's sports", "Montana", "History of Durham University", "Domestic violence", "Comprehensive school (England and Wales)", "Facebook", "Oman", "San Francisco", "Gymnasium (Germany)", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Islam in the United States", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "Education in Ghana", "Scotland in the early modern period", "Benazir Bhutto", "Anglicanism", "Chinese Indonesians", "Public housing", "Abbott government", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "History of Tunisia", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Christian school", "University of St Andrews", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Iran–United States relations", "Newark, New Jersey", "Canada convoy protest", "Hungary", "French Resistance", "Twitter", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "New Zealand", "Urban forestry", "Royalty payment", "Haiti", "Tort", "Tax", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Kosovo", "New York (state)", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "Slovenia", "Philadelphia", "Doctor of Medicine", "Catholic schools in Canada", "Tanzania", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "Jamaica", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Sex education", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "California Lutheran University", "Joseph Stalin", "China–United States relations", "University of Michigan", "Hamas", "Benito Mussolini", "Glasgow", "Havana", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Higher education in Nova Scotia", "Austria", "Spain", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Hugo Chávez", "Discrimination based on skin color", "Syria", "Freedom of religion in Vietnam", "Blueberry (comics)", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Labor history of the United States", "Andalusia", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Mitch Daniels", "Oceania", "History of schools in Scotland", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "American imperialism", "Sarawak", "Globalization", "Boston University", "Bermuda", "Culture of Tunisia", "American Revolution", "Teaching English as a second or foreign language", "Moscow", "Dubai", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "Florida State University", "Education in Greece", "History of the Jews in the United States", "One-child policy", "Transgender rights in the United States", "Pennsylvania", "Literacy in the United States", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Community radio", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Education in Zimbabwe", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Types of socialism", "Freedom of religion", "Public library", "Wartime sexual violence", "Criticism of Amazon", "17 October Revolution", "Piracy", "History of Indiana", "Society of the Song dynasty", "White Africans of European ancestry", "Text messaging", "Christian theology", "Croatia", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "Chernobyl disaster", "Religion in the United Kingdom", "Erasmus", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Uganda", "Gender inequality", "Adolescence", "Health insurance in the United States", "Student", "History of Christianity", "Residency (medicine)", "Vietnam War", "Foreign internal defense", "The Dresden Files characters", "Refugee", "Nelson Mandela", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Education policy of the United States", "Somalis in the United Kingdom", "Compulsory sterilization", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Engineering education", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "History of magic", "Lumumba Government", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Eastern Bloc", "Georgia (country)", "Alaska", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Zhou Enlai", "Ion Antonescu", "Indianapolis", "Women in STEM fields", "Gun violence in the United States", "Cornell University", "Gilded Age", "Child marriage", "Social enterprise", "History of anthropology by country", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Qing dynasty", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "Students' union", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "Cooperative", "Income inequality in the United States", "Maharashtra", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Ku Klux Klan", "Child labour", "Immigration to Canada", "School corporal punishment", "Burkina Faso", "History of Virginia", "George W. Bush", "History of Malaysia", "Black British people", "Chile", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of American newspapers", "History of Europe", "Sanskrit", "Unemployment benefits", "Military band", "University College London", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Roe v. Wade", "History of Beijing", "Catholic Church in the United States", "Education in Mexico", "History of Lithuania", "Iraq", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Qianzhuang", "Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador", "Criticism of Facebook", "Specialist schools programme", "Economy of Morocco", "Affirmative action", "Jordan", "Middle Ages", "Economy of Armenia", "Ivy League", "Israeli Jews", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "History of Hungary", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Spanish Civil War", "Foreign relations of Taiwan", "University of California", "Chicago", "Organized crime", "Duke University", "History of medicine", "Black Canadians", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Social history of post-war Britain (1945–1979)", "Afghanistan", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "Politics of the United States", "Jury", "Haredi Judaism", "Organ donation", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Buenos Aires", "Oklahoma", "Lesbian", "Homeschooling", "Christianity in the United States", "YouTube", "BBC", "BP", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Jerusalem", "History of the Jews in Russia", "Net neutrality", "Economic history of Mexico", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Modern paganism", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "History of Jamaica", "Nationalism", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Conservative Party (UK)", "Armenia", "Corporate social responsibility", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "History of Cumbria", "Sephardic Jews", "Culture of France", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Connecticut", "Education in Hong Kong", "Sexism", "Frankston, Victoria", "German Americans", "Desegregation busing", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Spanish Inquisition", "Education in Azerbaijan", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Strip club", "Mitt Romney", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "Toronto", "Botswana", "Education in Sri Lanka", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Women in the workforce", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Riba", "United States", "History of social democracy", "Refugees of the Syrian civil war", "Southern United States", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Birmingham", "Poland", "Catholic Church in England and Wales", "Cultural Revolution", "Paris in the 18th century", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom", "K-pop", "Christian right", "Korea under Japanese rule", "Constitution of the United States", "BDSM", "Indiana", "Premiership of Maurice Duplessis", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "Bulgarian Turks", "Fair trade", "Dubbing", "Kuwait", "Jean Chrétien", "Hoa people", "John Maynard Keynes", "English as a second or foreign language", "Cambodia", "Reproductive justice", "Religion in Albania", "History of Zakynthos", "Northern England", "British people", "History of personal computers", "Michigan State University", "Education in Nigeria", "Atlanta", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Yanco Agricultural High School", "Blasphemy law", "Governorship of Mitt Romney", "Caste system in India", "Salary cap", "Argentina", "Montessori in Thailand", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Violence against women", "Economy of North Korea", "British African-Caribbean people", "Philosophy of education", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "British National Party", "English language", "Europeans in Oceania", "Australia", "Debit card", "Charles George Gordon", "Mircea Eliade", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Sex differences in education", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Vaccination policy", "Human nutrition", "Massive open online course", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "History of opera", "Toronto District School Board", "Wahhabism", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Abortion in the United States", "Higher education in Canada", "Hillary Clinton", "School segregation in the United States", "Austin, Texas", "Immigration", "Rio de Janeiro", "Michigan", "Douglas MacArthur", "Indira Gandhi", "Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan", "British Caledonian", "Private and public schools in China", "History of autism", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "Safavid Iran", "Republican Party (United States)", "Venezuela", "Great Depression", "Superstation", "Kashmir conflict", "Desmond Tutu", "Italian diaspora", "Economy of Egypt", "Education in Mali", "Rudy Giuliani", "Tennessee", "Mexico City", "Midwestern United States", "Television licensing in the United Kingdom", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Cesar Chavez", "Liberty University", "Spanish Empire", "History of the Internet", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Gender inequality in the United States", "The Co-operative Group", "Separation of church and state in the United States", "Boston", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Higher education in Japan", "Marxism–Leninism", "First Nations in Canada", "Algeria", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Rhodesia", "Socialist economics", "Cape Town", "Barack Obama", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "Bhutan", "French Third Republic", "Academy", "Nawaz Sharif", "Diploma mill", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Cham Albanians", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "Catalonia", "Colombian peace process", "Norwich School", "Inclusion (education)", "Telehealth", "Norwich", "Education in Kerala", "Television", "History of the Catholic Church", "South African constitutional litigation", "United States corporate law", "Weather of 2010", "Demographics of Malaysia", "Women in Pakistan", "Matura", "Minneapolis", "Edmonton", "Burbank, California", "Welfare", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Foreign relations of China" ]

{ "en": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: \"public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)", "hi": "दक्षिण अफ्रीका के कुछ सबसे पुराने स्कूल निजी चर्च स्कूल हैं जो उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में मिशनरियों द्वारा स्थापित किए गए थे। निजी क्षेत्र तब से बढ़ा है। रंगभेद के उन्मूलन के बाद, दक्षिण अफ्रीका में निजी शिक्षा को नियंत्रित करने वाले कानूनों में काफी बदलाव आया। 1996 का दक्षिण अफ्रीकी स्कूल अधिनियम स्कूलों की दो श्रेणियों को मान्यता देता है: \"सार्वजनिक\" (राज्य-नियंत्रित) और \"स्वतंत्र\" (जिसमें पारंपरिक निजी स्कूल और वह स्कूल शामिल हैं जो निजी तौर पर संचालित होते हैं [स्पष्टीकरण की जरूरत है]।)" }

{ "en": "In South Africa, along with privately governed schools, what schools are classified as independent?", "hi": "दक्षिण अफ्रीका में, निजी रूप से शासित स्कूलों के साथ, किन स्कूलों को स्वतंत्र रूप में वर्गीकृत किया गया है?" }

{ "en": [ "traditional private" ], "hi": [ "पारंपरिक निजी" ] }

{ "en": [ 430, 430, 430 ], "hi": [ 400 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Health care systems by country", "Educational inequality", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Education reform", "Portugal", "Native Americans in the United States", "History of women in the United States", "Education in New Zealand", "History of Western civilization", "Educational inequality in the United States", "Women in Islam", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Economic history of the United States", "Literacy", "University and college admission", "Foreign relations of India", "Higher education in Portugal", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "History of education", "United States labor law", "Reading", "Charter schools in the United States", "Tartan", "Persecution of Christians", "Miscegenation", "Vilnius", "England", "Madrasa", "History of France", "Academic degree", "Grading systems by country", "Freedom of religion in Africa by country", "Higher education in the United States", "Contract", "Women in science", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "History of Poles in the United States", "Imperial examination", "Universities in the United Kingdom", "List of countries with universal health care", "History of Germany", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Puerto Rico", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Bachelor's degree", "Arab citizens of Israel", "Greece", "Catholic school", "History of the United Kingdom", "History of Missouri", "Racism in the United States", "History of Scotland", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "Public university", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Education in South Africa", "New Mexico", "List of primary education systems by country", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "Civil rights movement", "Latin America", "Education in Latin America", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Chinese Filipino", "History of Detroit", "Sweden", "Academic term", "Education in Canada", "Educational technology", "European debt crisis", "Child care", "Waldorf education", "Apartheid", "Women in government", "Singapore", "Culture of England", "History of the Netherlands", "History of Austria", "Lithuania", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Grammar school", "Public school (United Kingdom)", "Education in Saudi Arabia", "Separation of church and state", "United Russia", "Higher education in Quebec", "Gifted education", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Glossary of baseball terms", "College admissions in the United States", "Reconstruction era", "College", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Education", "Marriage", "History of the Philippines", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Italy", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Economic history of Portugal", "Doctor of Philosophy", "Republic of Ireland", "Scotland", "Education in Finland", "Israel", "Education in Kenya", "Education in Thailand", "Education in England", "History of the United States", "Bilingual 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history", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Hawaii", "Michael Heseltine", "Bangladesh", "Community colleges in the United States", "Somalia", "Border control", "H. H. Asquith", "Jesuits", "Racial segregation in the United States", "History of United States prison systems", "Quebec", "South African criminal law", "Sharia", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Human rights in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "California", "Religious education", "History of Lisbon", "Women's rights", "Anti-Catholicism", "History of Nigeria", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Multiculturalism", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Islamic terrorism", "Vietnam", "Iceland", "Value-form", "Catholic Church", "Glenn Youngkin", "Fake news", "Networked advocacy", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Sex education in the United States", "China", "University of Oxford", "Refugee children", "Slavic Native Faith", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Brazil", "Prison education", "Status of the Irish language", "Switzerland", "Confederate States of America", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Norway", "University of Georgia", "Christianity", "Special education in the United States", "Saudi Arabia", "World War II by country", "Detroit", "Education in Victoria", "Age of Enlightenment", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Social Security (United States)", "Madagascar", "Nigeria", "Mexico", "Canada", "Dissolution of the monasteries", "Jomo Kenyatta", "History of Poland", "Portuguese people", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Official bilingualism in Canada", "History of the United States government", "Malta", "Harold Wilson", "E-government in Europe", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Nazism", "Teacher", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "Detribalization", "Identity document", "Hispanic and Latino Americans", "Economy of India", "Specialist schools in the United Kingdom", "Ethiopia", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "Donald Trump", "Human rights in Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Boris Johnson", "Dominican Republic", "Indigenous Australians", "Human rights in the United States", "Papua (province)", "King's College London", "Affordable housing in Canada", "Interracial marriage", "Riau Islands", "British Raj", "Nazi Germany", "Affordable Care Act", "Sydney", "Educational stage", "South Africa", "History of the Southern United States", "Ralph Northam", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "British Columbia", "History of Speyer", "Jeremy Corbyn", "No Child Left Behind Act", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Television licence", "United States Agency for International Development", "Russian Empire", "Second Vatican Council", "Maryland", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Postgraduate education", "Uyghur genocide", "Cold War", "Social media", "History of United States foreign policy", "French Directory", "Charter school", "Fidel Castro", "Fish for finance", "Louisiana", "East Germany", "Relationship between religion and science", "History of Israel", "Economy of China", "Reformation", "Acorn Archimedes", "Ireland", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "County Dublin", "Common law", "Education in Bangladesh", "Thailand", "Serbia", "Light in painting", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Massachusetts", "Albania", "David Lloyd George", "Officers' Association", "Lebanon", "Nuclear program of Iran", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Economic history of France", "Egypt", "United Arab Emirates", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "North Korea", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Psychology", "Education in Cambodia", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "Persecution of Muslims", "South African Border War", "Higher education in British Columbia", "LGBT rights in Australia", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Mississippi", "Education in Japan", "Homeschooling international status and statistics", "Netherlands", "Generation Z", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Sport in the United Kingdom", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Scientology", "Vladimir Putin", "Bahrain", "South Korea", "History of Ghana", "Race and health in the United States", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "ASEAN", "Public broadcasting", "Wikipedia", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Iran", "History of Palestine", "Roman Empire", "Pierre Trudeau", "Princeton University", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Police brutality by country", "History of libraries", "Education in Russia", "Upper Canada College", "The Spirit of the Age", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Houston", "Women in music", "Freedom of speech by country", "Nursing", "Sabah", "Police", "Flint water crisis", "Science and technology in Israel", "School", "Education in Sweden", "Fiji", "Model minority", "Alabama", "Nepal", "Anglo-Saxons", "Sex trafficking", "Standardized test", "Myanmar", "Employment discrimination", "Ukraine", "Human capital flight", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region", "Education in Taiwan", "Interwar Britain", "Iran–Iraq War", "Yemen", "History of the nude in art", "Calgary", "American Jews", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Tuvalu", "Sexual harassment", "National Collegiate Athletic Association", "English trust law", "London", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Fracking in the United States", "John F. Kennedy", "Morrison government", "McGill University", "Pahang", "Victoria (state)", "Tertiary education in Australia", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Pornography", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Vermont", "List of smoking bans", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Education in Egypt", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Mauritius", "New Jersey", "Yale University", "English-medium education", "Poverty", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Pope John Paul II", "Xi Jinping", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Pope Pius XII", "University of Virginia", "Chiapas", "Fascism and ideology", "Divorce", "Democracy", "Walmart", "Military service", "Women's suffrage", "Namibia", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Trinity College Dublin", "Next Generation EU", "Pension", "Ottoman Empire", "Medicare (United States)", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Institute of technology", "Criticism of Confucius Institutes", "New York City", "Turkey", "Sardinian language", "Boarding school", "Hugo W. Koehler", "School meal", "Populism", "Forests Commission Victoria", "Lobbying in the United States", "United Kingdom company law", "Robert Mugabe", "Methodism", "Steele dossier", "Slavery", "The Judd School", "Economy of Scotland", "History of Belgium", "Pittsburgh", "Jacksonville, Florida", "Racism", "Falun Gong", "Howard government", "Nazi racial theories", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "History of Christianity in the United States", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Women's sports", "Montana", "History of Durham University", "Domestic violence", "Comprehensive school (England and Wales)", "Facebook", "Oman", "San Francisco", "Gymnasium (Germany)", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Islam in the United States", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "Education in Ghana", "Scotland in the early modern period", "Benazir Bhutto", "Anglicanism", "Chinese Indonesians", "Public housing", "Abbott government", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "History of Tunisia", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Christian school", "University of St Andrews", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Iran–United States relations", "Newark, New Jersey", "Canada convoy protest", "Hungary", "French Resistance", "Twitter", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "New Zealand", "Urban forestry", "Royalty payment", "Haiti", "Tort", "Tax", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Kosovo", "New York (state)", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "Slovenia", "Philadelphia", "Doctor of Medicine", "Catholic schools in Canada", "Tanzania", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "Jamaica", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Sex education", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "California Lutheran University", "Joseph Stalin", "China–United States relations", "University of Michigan", "Hamas", "Benito Mussolini", "Glasgow", "Havana", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Higher education in Nova Scotia", "Austria", "Spain", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Hugo Chávez", "Discrimination based on skin color", "Syria", "Freedom of religion in Vietnam", "Blueberry (comics)", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Labor history of the United States", "Andalusia", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Mitch Daniels", "Oceania", "History of schools in Scotland", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "American imperialism", "Sarawak", "Globalization", "Boston University", "Bermuda", "Culture of Tunisia", "American Revolution", "Teaching English as a second or foreign language", "Moscow", "Dubai", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "Florida State University", "Education in Greece", "History of the Jews in the United States", "One-child policy", "Transgender rights in the United States", "Pennsylvania", "Literacy in the United States", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Community radio", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Education in Zimbabwe", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Types of socialism", "Freedom of religion", "Public library", "Wartime sexual violence", "Criticism of Amazon", "17 October Revolution", "Piracy", "History of Indiana", "Society of the Song dynasty", "White Africans of European ancestry", "Text messaging", "Christian theology", "Croatia", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "Chernobyl disaster", "Religion in the United Kingdom", "Erasmus", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Uganda", "Gender inequality", "Adolescence", "Health insurance in the United States", "Student", "History of Christianity", "Residency (medicine)", "Vietnam War", "Foreign internal defense", "The Dresden Files characters", "Refugee", "Nelson Mandela", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Education policy of the United States", "Somalis in the United Kingdom", "Compulsory sterilization", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Engineering education", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "History of magic", "Lumumba Government", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Eastern Bloc", "Georgia (country)", "Alaska", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Zhou Enlai", "Ion Antonescu", "Indianapolis", "Women in STEM fields", "Gun violence in the United States", "Cornell University", "Gilded Age", "Child marriage", "Social enterprise", "History of anthropology by country", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Qing dynasty", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "Students' union", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "Cooperative", "Income inequality in the United States", "Maharashtra", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Ku Klux Klan", "Child labour", "Immigration to Canada", "School corporal punishment", "Burkina Faso", "History of Virginia", "George W. Bush", "History of Malaysia", "Black British people", "Chile", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of American newspapers", "History of Europe", "Sanskrit", "Unemployment benefits", "Military band", "University College London", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Roe v. Wade", "History of Beijing", "Catholic Church in the United States", "Education in Mexico", "History of Lithuania", "Iraq", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Qianzhuang", "Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador", "Criticism of Facebook", "Specialist schools programme", "Economy of Morocco", "Affirmative action", "Jordan", "Middle Ages", "Economy of Armenia", "Ivy League", "Israeli Jews", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "History of Hungary", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Spanish Civil War", "Foreign relations of Taiwan", "University of California", "Chicago", "Organized crime", "Duke University", "History of medicine", "Black Canadians", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Social history of post-war Britain (1945–1979)", "Afghanistan", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "Politics of the United States", "Jury", "Haredi Judaism", "Organ donation", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Buenos Aires", "Oklahoma", "Lesbian", "Homeschooling", "Christianity in the United States", "YouTube", "BBC", "BP", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Jerusalem", "History of the Jews in Russia", "Net neutrality", "Economic history of Mexico", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Modern paganism", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "History of Jamaica", "Nationalism", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Conservative Party (UK)", "Armenia", "Corporate social responsibility", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "History of Cumbria", "Sephardic Jews", "Culture of France", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Connecticut", "Education in Hong Kong", "Sexism", "Frankston, Victoria", "German Americans", "Desegregation busing", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Spanish Inquisition", "Education in Azerbaijan", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Strip club", "Mitt Romney", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "Toronto", "Botswana", "Education in Sri Lanka", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Women in the workforce", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Riba", "United States", "History of social democracy", "Refugees of the Syrian civil war", "Southern United States", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Birmingham", "Poland", "Catholic Church in England and Wales", "Cultural Revolution", "Paris in the 18th century", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom", "K-pop", "Christian right", "Korea under Japanese rule", "Constitution of the United States", "BDSM", "Indiana", "Premiership of Maurice Duplessis", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "Bulgarian Turks", "Fair trade", "Dubbing", "Kuwait", "Jean Chrétien", "Hoa people", "John Maynard Keynes", "English as a second or foreign language", "Cambodia", "Reproductive justice", "Religion in Albania", "History of Zakynthos", "Northern England", "British people", "History of personal computers", "Michigan State University", "Education in Nigeria", "Atlanta", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Yanco Agricultural High School", "Blasphemy law", "Governorship of Mitt Romney", "Caste system in India", "Salary cap", "Argentina", "Montessori in Thailand", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Violence against women", "Economy of North Korea", "British African-Caribbean people", "Philosophy of education", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "British National Party", "English language", "Europeans in Oceania", "Australia", "Debit card", "Charles George Gordon", "Mircea Eliade", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Sex differences in education", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Vaccination policy", "Human nutrition", "Massive open online course", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "History of opera", "Toronto District School Board", "Wahhabism", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Abortion in the United States", "Higher education in Canada", "Hillary Clinton", "School segregation in the United States", "Austin, Texas", "Immigration", "Rio de Janeiro", "Michigan", "Douglas MacArthur", "Indira Gandhi", "Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan", "British Caledonian", "Private and public schools in China", "History of autism", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "Safavid Iran", "Republican Party (United States)", "Venezuela", "Great Depression", "Superstation", "Kashmir conflict", "Desmond Tutu", "Italian diaspora", "Economy of Egypt", "Education in Mali", "Rudy Giuliani", "Tennessee", "Mexico City", "Midwestern United States", "Television licensing in the United Kingdom", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Cesar Chavez", "Liberty University", "Spanish Empire", "History of the Internet", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Gender inequality in the United States", "The Co-operative Group", "Separation of church and state in the United States", "Boston", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Higher education in Japan", "Marxism–Leninism", "First Nations in Canada", "Algeria", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Rhodesia", "Socialist economics", "Cape Town", "Barack Obama", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "Bhutan", "French Third Republic", "Academy", "Nawaz Sharif", "Diploma mill", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Cham Albanians", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "Catalonia", "Colombian peace process", "Norwich School", "Inclusion (education)", "Telehealth", "Norwich", "Education in Kerala", "Television", "History of the Catholic Church", "South African constitutional litigation", "United States corporate law", "Weather of 2010", "Demographics of Malaysia", "Women in Pakistan", "Matura", "Minneapolis", "Edmonton", "Burbank, California", "Welfare", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Foreign relations of China" ]

{ "en": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: \"public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)", "hi": "दक्षिण अफ्रीका के कुछ सबसे पुराने स्कूल निजी चर्च स्कूल हैं जो उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में मिशनरियों द्वारा स्थापित किए गए थे। निजी क्षेत्र तब से बढ़ा है। रंगभेद के उन्मूलन के बाद, दक्षिण अफ्रीका में निजी शिक्षा को नियंत्रित करने वाले कानूनों में काफी बदलाव आया। 1996 का दक्षिण अफ्रीकी स्कूल अधिनियम स्कूलों की दो श्रेणियों को मान्यता देता है: \"सार्वजनिक\" (राज्य-नियंत्रित) और \"स्वतंत्र\" (जिसमें पारंपरिक निजी स्कूल और वह स्कूल शामिल हैं जो निजी तौर पर संचालित होते हैं [स्पष्टीकरण की जरूरत है]।)" }

{ "en": "In what century did missionaries notably establish church schools in South Africa?", "hi": "मिशनरियों ने किस सदी में दक्षिण अफ्रीका में चर्च स्कूलों की स्थापना की?" }

{ "en": [ "nineteenth" ], "hi": [ "उन्नीसवीं" ] }

{ "en": [ 121, 121, 121 ], "hi": [ 63 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020", "Health care systems by country", "Educational inequality", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton", "Education reform", "Portugal", "Native Americans in the United States", "History of women in the United States", "Education in New Zealand", "History of Western civilization", "Educational inequality in the United States", "Women in Islam", "Culture of the United Kingdom", "Economic history of the United States", "Literacy", "University and college admission", "Foreign relations of India", "Higher education in Portugal", "United Kingdom enterprise law", "History of education", "United States labor law", "Reading", "Charter schools in the United States", "Tartan", "Persecution of Christians", "Miscegenation", "Vilnius", "England", "Madrasa", "History of France", "Academic degree", "Grading systems by country", "Freedom of religion in Africa by country", "Higher education in the United States", "Contract", "Women in science", "History of the Labour Party (UK)", "History of Poles in the United States", "Imperial examination", "Universities in the United Kingdom", "List of countries with universal health care", "History of Germany", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases", "Puerto Rico", "Political positions of Ron Paul", "Bachelor's degree", "Arab citizens of Israel", "Greece", "Catholic school", "History of the United Kingdom", "History of Missouri", "Racism in the United States", "History of Scotland", "Overview of gun laws by nation", "Public university", "Political positions of Mitt Romney", "Education in South Africa", "New Mexico", "List of primary education systems by country", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020", "Civil rights movement", "Latin America", "Education in Latin America", "Subprime mortgage crisis", "Chinese Filipino", "History of Detroit", "Sweden", "Academic term", "Education in Canada", "Educational technology", "European debt crisis", "Child care", "Waldorf education", "Apartheid", "Women in government", "Singapore", "Culture of England", "History of the Netherlands", "History of Austria", "Lithuania", "Presidency of Donald Trump", "Grammar school", "Public school (United Kingdom)", "Education in Saudi Arabia", "Separation of church and state", "United Russia", "Higher education in Quebec", "Gifted education", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles", "Glossary of baseball terms", "College admissions in the United States", "Reconstruction era", "College", "Slavery in ancient Rome", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "American Civil Liberties Union", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "Education", "Marriage", "History of the Philippines", "List of historical acts of tax resistance", "Italy", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "Economic history of Portugal", "Doctor of Philosophy", "Republic of Ireland", "Scotland", "Education in Finland", "Israel", "Education in Kenya", "Education in Thailand", "Education in England", "History of the United States", "Bilingual education by country or region", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "SAT", "New Deal", "History of education in New Zealand", "Vocational education", "Issues in higher education in the United States", "Moldova", "Pakistan", "Socialism", "Northern Ireland", "History of broadcasting in Australia", "2014 Scottish independence referendum", "History of Mexican Americans", "Italian Americans", "Islamic banking and finance", "Economy of the United States", "Television in the United States", "Baby boomers", "European Union", "Single-sex education", "Affirmative action in the United States", "Incarceration in the United States", "Labour government, 1964–1970", "Canadian Indian residential school system", "History of the Catholic Church in Mexico", "United Kingdom", "Christian culture", "History of socialism", "National broadband plan", "Religion in China", "France", "Admission to practice law", "English land law", "Secondary education in the United States", "Homeschooling in the United States", "Iloilo City", "Healthcare in the United States", "Phonics", "Central Philippine University", "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand", "History of state education in Queensland", "Education in Romania", "List of modern great powers", "Governorship of Glenn Youngkin", "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", "1996 California Proposition 218", "American frontier", "Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing", "Education in the Netherlands", "Kerala", "Education in Africa", "Ethnomusicology", "Culture of the United States", "South African contract law", "Ferdinand Marcos", "Israeli occupation of the West Bank", "Kenya", "Sierra Leone", "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "Well-being contributing factors", "New Orleans", "Camden, New Jersey", "University of Pennsylvania", "Wales", "Prussian Union of Churches", "Islamic veiling practices by country", "Police corruption", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education", "Education in Scotland", "Defamation", "History of education in England", "Neoliberalism", "Protestantism", "Texas", "Denmark", "Progressive Era", "Science education in England", "United Kingdom–United States relations", "African Americans", "Estonia", "Homelessness", "Authoritarian socialism", "Imperial Roman army", "Finland", "Soviet Union", "Industrial Revolution", "History of Guatemala", "History of slavery", "Kindergarten", "Durham University", "Julius Nyerere", "Observance of Christmas by country", "History of the Jews in Poland", "Enoch Powell", "History of religion in the United States", "Irish Americans", "Virginia", "Logology (science)", "Education in Pakistan", "Special education", "University of Cambridge", "Taiwan", "Private university", "Education in Turkey", "Slavery in the United States", "Zimbabwe", "Eton College", "René Vilatte", "West Germany", "K–12 education in the United States", "Migrant worker", "Colonial history of the United States", "African-American history", "History of Poland (1945–1989)", "Daniel H. Overmyer", "Hawaii", "Michael Heseltine", "Bangladesh", "Community colleges in the United States", "Somalia", "Border control", "H. H. Asquith", "Jesuits", "Racial segregation in the United States", "History of United States prison systems", "Quebec", "South African criminal law", "Sharia", "Ketuanan Melayu", "Human rights in China", "Political positions of John McCain", "California", "Religious education", "History of Lisbon", "Women's rights", "Anti-Catholicism", "History of Nigeria", "LGBT rights in the United States", "Multiculturalism", "Economy of Puerto Rico", "Islamic terrorism", "Vietnam", "Iceland", "Value-form", "Catholic Church", "Glenn Youngkin", "Fake news", "Networked advocacy", "List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters", "Sex education in the United States", "China", "University of Oxford", "Refugee children", "Slavic Native Faith", "Russia under Vladimir Putin", "Foreign relations of Israel", "Brazil", "Prison education", "Status of the Irish language", "Switzerland", "Confederate States of America", "Hizb ut-Tahrir", "Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350", "Norway", "University of Georgia", "Christianity", "Special education in the United States", "Saudi Arabia", "World War II by country", "Detroit", "Education in Victoria", "Age of Enlightenment", "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "Social Security (United States)", "Madagascar", "Nigeria", "Mexico", "Canada", "Dissolution of the monasteries", "Jomo Kenyatta", "History of Poland", "Portuguese people", "2007–2008 financial crisis", "Official bilingualism in Canada", "History of the United States government", "Malta", "Harold Wilson", "E-government in Europe", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)", "Nazism", "Teacher", "United Kingdom insolvency law", "Economic policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Freedom of religion in Russia", "Detribalization", "Identity document", "Hispanic and Latino Americans", "Economy of India", "Specialist schools in the United Kingdom", "Ethiopia", "2018–2023 United Kingdom higher education strikes", "Donald Trump", "Human rights in Israel", "Kazakhstan", "Boris Johnson", "Dominican Republic", "Indigenous Australians", "Human rights in the United States", "Papua (province)", "King's College London", "Affordable housing in Canada", "Interracial marriage", "Riau Islands", "British Raj", "Nazi Germany", "Affordable Care Act", "Sydney", "Educational stage", "South Africa", "History of the Southern United States", "Ralph Northam", "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "British Columbia", "History of Speyer", "Jeremy Corbyn", "No Child Left Behind Act", "Muammar Gaddafi", "Television licence", "United States Agency for International Development", "Russian Empire", "Second Vatican Council", "Maryland", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action", "Postgraduate education", "Uyghur genocide", "Cold War", "Social media", "History of United States foreign policy", "French Directory", "Charter school", "Fidel Castro", "Fish for finance", "Louisiana", "East Germany", "Relationship between religion and science", "History of Israel", "Economy of China", "Reformation", "Acorn Archimedes", "Ireland", "Natural scientific research in Canada", "County Dublin", "Common law", "Education in Bangladesh", "Thailand", "Serbia", "Light in painting", "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "Massachusetts", "Albania", "David Lloyd George", "Officers' Association", "Lebanon", "Nuclear program of Iran", "List of Dutch inventions and innovations", "Economic history of France", "Egypt", "United Arab Emirates", "Politics of Georgia (country)", "North Korea", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020", "Psychology", "Education in Cambodia", "Criminal procedure in South Africa", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal", "Persecution of Muslims", "South African Border War", "Higher education in British Columbia", "LGBT rights in Australia", "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020", "Illegal immigration to the United States", "Mississippi", "Education in Japan", "Homeschooling international status and statistics", "Netherlands", "Generation Z", "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "Sport in the United Kingdom", "Internment of Japanese Americans", "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "Scientology", "Vladimir Putin", "Bahrain", "South Korea", "History of Ghana", "Race and health in the United States", "Homelessness in the United States by state", "ASEAN", "Public broadcasting", "Wikipedia", "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany", "Iran", "History of Palestine", "Roman Empire", "Pierre Trudeau", "Princeton University", "Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)", "Islamic fundamentalism in Iran", "Police brutality by country", "History of libraries", "Education in Russia", "Upper Canada College", "The Spirit of the Age", "Soviet–Afghan War", "Houston", "Women in music", "Freedom of speech by country", "Nursing", "Sabah", "Police", "Flint water crisis", "Science and technology in Israel", "School", "Education in Sweden", "Fiji", "Model minority", "Alabama", "Nepal", "Anglo-Saxons", "Sex trafficking", "Standardized test", "Myanmar", "Employment discrimination", "Ukraine", "Human capital flight", "Vaccine hesitancy", "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region", "Education in Taiwan", "Interwar Britain", "Iran–Iraq War", "Yemen", "History of the nude in art", "Calgary", "American Jews", "Religious symbolism in the United States military", "Tuvalu", "Sexual harassment", "National Collegiate Athletic Association", "English trust law", "London", "Executive compensation in the United States", "Fracking in the United States", "John F. Kennedy", "Morrison government", "McGill University", "Pahang", "Victoria (state)", "Tertiary education in Australia", "Political positions of Joe Biden", "Pornography", "Human rights in the United Kingdom", "Vermont", "List of smoking bans", "Water supply and sanitation in the United States", "Education in Egypt", "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage", "Mauritius", "New Jersey", "Yale University", "English-medium education", "Poverty", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Pope John Paul II", "Xi Jinping", "Women's rights in Saudi Arabia", "Pope Pius XII", "University of Virginia", "Chiapas", "Fascism and ideology", "Divorce", "Democracy", "Walmart", "Military service", "Women's suffrage", "Namibia", "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration", "Trinity College Dublin", "Next Generation EU", "Pension", "Ottoman Empire", "Medicare (United States)", "Theodore Roosevelt", "Institute of technology", "Criticism of Confucius Institutes", "New York City", "Turkey", "Sardinian language", "Boarding school", "Hugo W. Koehler", "School meal", "Populism", "Forests Commission Victoria", "Lobbying in the United States", "United Kingdom company law", "Robert Mugabe", "Methodism", "Steele dossier", "Slavery", "The Judd School", "Economy of Scotland", "History of Belgium", "Pittsburgh", "Jacksonville, Florida", "Racism", "Falun Gong", "Howard government", "Nazi racial theories", "Political positions of Susan Collins", "History of Christianity in the United States", "International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Women's sports", "Montana", "History of Durham University", "Domestic violence", "Comprehensive school (England and Wales)", "Facebook", "Oman", "San Francisco", "Gymnasium (Germany)", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)", "Muslim Brotherhood", "Islam in the United States", "Genetically modified food controversies", "Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte", "Education in Ghana", "Scotland in the early modern period", "Benazir Bhutto", "Anglicanism", "Chinese Indonesians", "Public housing", "Abbott government", "First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency", "History of Tunisia", "Lee Kuan Yew", "Christian school", "University of St Andrews", "Political positions of Jeb Bush", "Iran–United States relations", "Newark, New Jersey", "Canada convoy protest", "Hungary", "French Resistance", "Twitter", "List of Assassin's Creed characters", "New Zealand", "Urban forestry", "Royalty payment", "Haiti", "Tort", "Tax", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "Kosovo", "New York (state)", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor", "Slovenia", "Philadelphia", "Doctor of Medicine", "Catholic schools in Canada", "Tanzania", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis", "Jamaica", "Historiography of the British Empire", "Sex education", "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms", "California Lutheran University", "Joseph Stalin", "China–United States relations", "University of Michigan", "Hamas", "Benito Mussolini", "Glasgow", "Havana", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Higher education in Nova Scotia", "Austria", "Spain", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Hugo Chávez", "Discrimination based on skin color", "Syria", "Freedom of religion in Vietnam", "Blueberry (comics)", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Labor history of the United States", "Andalusia", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Mitch Daniels", "Oceania", "History of schools in Scotland", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "American imperialism", "Sarawak", "Globalization", "Boston University", "Bermuda", "Culture of Tunisia", "American Revolution", "Teaching English as a second or foreign language", "Moscow", "Dubai", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "Florida State University", "Education in Greece", "History of the Jews in the United States", "One-child policy", "Transgender rights in the United States", "Pennsylvania", "Literacy in the United States", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Community radio", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Education in Zimbabwe", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Types of socialism", "Freedom of religion", "Public library", "Wartime sexual violence", "Criticism of Amazon", "17 October Revolution", "Piracy", "History of Indiana", "Society of the Song dynasty", "White Africans of European ancestry", "Text messaging", "Christian theology", "Croatia", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "Chernobyl disaster", "Religion in the United Kingdom", "Erasmus", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Uganda", "Gender inequality", "Adolescence", "Health insurance in the United States", "Student", "History of Christianity", "Residency (medicine)", "Vietnam War", "Foreign internal defense", "The Dresden Files characters", "Refugee", "Nelson Mandela", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Education policy of the United States", "Somalis in the United Kingdom", "Compulsory sterilization", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Engineering education", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "History of magic", "Lumumba Government", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Eastern Bloc", "Georgia (country)", "Alaska", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Zhou Enlai", "Ion Antonescu", "Indianapolis", "Women in STEM fields", "Gun violence in the United States", "Cornell University", "Gilded Age", "Child marriage", "Social enterprise", "History of anthropology by country", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Qing dynasty", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "Students' union", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "Cooperative", "Income inequality in the United States", "Maharashtra", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Ku Klux Klan", "Child labour", "Immigration to Canada", "School corporal punishment", "Burkina Faso", "History of Virginia", "George W. Bush", "History of Malaysia", "Black British people", "Chile", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of American newspapers", "History of Europe", "Sanskrit", "Unemployment benefits", "Military band", "University College London", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Roe v. Wade", "History of Beijing", "Catholic Church in the United States", "Education in Mexico", "History of Lithuania", "Iraq", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Qianzhuang", "Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador", "Criticism of Facebook", "Specialist schools programme", "Economy of Morocco", "Affirmative action", "Jordan", "Middle Ages", "Economy of Armenia", "Ivy League", "Israeli Jews", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "History of Hungary", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Spanish Civil War", "Foreign relations of Taiwan", "University of California", "Chicago", "Organized crime", "Duke University", "History of medicine", "Black Canadians", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Social history of post-war Britain (1945–1979)", "Afghanistan", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "Politics of the United States", "Jury", "Haredi Judaism", "Organ donation", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Buenos Aires", "Oklahoma", "Lesbian", "Homeschooling", "Christianity in the United States", "YouTube", "BBC", "BP", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Jerusalem", "History of the Jews in Russia", "Net neutrality", "Economic history of Mexico", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Modern paganism", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "History of Jamaica", "Nationalism", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Conservative Party (UK)", "Armenia", "Corporate social responsibility", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "History of Cumbria", "Sephardic Jews", "Culture of France", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Connecticut", "Education in Hong Kong", "Sexism", "Frankston, Victoria", "German Americans", "Desegregation busing", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Spanish Inquisition", "Education in Azerbaijan", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Strip club", "Mitt Romney", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "Toronto", "Botswana", "Education in Sri Lanka", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Women in the workforce", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Riba", "United States", "History of social democracy", "Refugees of the Syrian civil war", "Southern United States", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Birmingham", "Poland", "Catholic Church in England and Wales", "Cultural Revolution", "Paris in the 18th century", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom", "K-pop", "Christian right", "Korea under Japanese rule", "Constitution of the United States", "BDSM", "Indiana", "Premiership of Maurice Duplessis", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "Bulgarian Turks", "Fair trade", "Dubbing", "Kuwait", "Jean Chrétien", "Hoa people", "John Maynard Keynes", "English as a second or foreign language", "Cambodia", "Reproductive justice", "Religion in Albania", "History of Zakynthos", "Northern England", "British people", "History of personal computers", "Michigan State University", "Education in Nigeria", "Atlanta", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Yanco Agricultural High School", "Blasphemy law", "Governorship of Mitt Romney", "Caste system in India", "Salary cap", "Argentina", "Montessori in Thailand", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Violence against women", "Economy of North Korea", "British African-Caribbean people", "Philosophy of education", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "British National Party", "English language", "Europeans in Oceania", "Australia", "Debit card", "Charles George Gordon", "Mircea Eliade", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Sex differences in education", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Vaccination policy", "Human nutrition", "Massive open online course", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "History of opera", "Toronto District School Board", "Wahhabism", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Abortion in the United States", "Higher education in Canada", "Hillary Clinton", "School segregation in the United States", "Austin, Texas", "Immigration", "Rio de Janeiro", "Michigan", "Douglas MacArthur", "Indira Gandhi", "Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan", "British Caledonian", "Private and public schools in China", "History of autism", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "Safavid Iran", "Republican Party (United States)", "Venezuela", "Great Depression", "Superstation", "Kashmir conflict", "Desmond Tutu", "Italian diaspora", "Economy of Egypt", "Education in Mali", "Rudy Giuliani", "Tennessee", "Mexico City", "Midwestern United States", "Television licensing in the United Kingdom", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Cesar Chavez", "Liberty University", "Spanish Empire", "History of the Internet", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Gender inequality in the United States", "The Co-operative Group", "Separation of church and state in the United States", "Boston", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Higher education in Japan", "Marxism–Leninism", "First Nations in Canada", "Algeria", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Rhodesia", "Socialist economics", "Cape Town", "Barack Obama", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "Bhutan", "French Third Republic", "Academy", "Nawaz Sharif", "Diploma mill", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Cham Albanians", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "Catalonia", "Colombian peace process", "Norwich School", "Inclusion (education)", "Telehealth", "Norwich", "Education in Kerala", "Television", "History of the Catholic Church", "South African constitutional litigation", "United States corporate law", "Weather of 2010", "Demographics of Malaysia", "Women in Pakistan", "Matura", "Minneapolis", "Edmonton", "Burbank, California", "Welfare", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Foreign relations of China" ]

{ "en": "In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a \"semi-private\" form called Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races. Following the transition to democracy, the legal form of \"Model C\" was abolished, however, the term continues to be used to describe government schools formerly reserved for white children.. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups . Former \"Model C\" schools are not private schools, as they are state-controlled. All schools in South Africa (including both independent schools and public schools) have the right to set compulsory school fees, and formerly model C schools tend to set much higher school fees than other public schools.", "hi": "रंगभेदी युग के अंतिम वर्षों में, श्वेत सरकारी स्कूलों में माता-पिताओं को मॉडल सी नामक एक \"अर्ध-निजी\" रूप में परिवर्तित करने का विकल्प दिया गया था, और इनमें से कई स्कूलों ने अन्य जातियों के बच्चों को स्वीकार करने के लिए अपनी प्रवेश नीतियों को बदल दिया। लोकतंत्र में परिवर्तित होने के बाद, \"मॉडल सी\" के कानूनी रूप को समाप्त कर दिया गया था, फिर भी, इस शब्द का इस्तेमाल पूर्व में श्वेत बच्चों के लिए आरक्षित सरकारी स्कूलों के रूप में बताने के लिए किया जाता है। ये स्कूल उन सरकारी स्कूलों की तुलना में बेहतर शैक्षणिक परिणाम पेश करते हैं, जो पहले अन्य जाति समूहों के लिए आरक्षित थे। पूर्व \"मॉडल सी\" स्कूल निजी स्कूल नहीं हैं, क्योंकि वे राज्य-नियंत्रित हैं। दक्षिण अफ्रीका के सभी स्कूलों (स्वतंत्र स्कूलों और पब्लिक स्कूलों सहित) को अनिवार्य स्कूल शुल्क निर्धारित करने का अधिकार है, और पूर्व में मॉडल सी स्कूल अन्य पब्लिक स्कूलों की तुलना में बहुत अधिक स्कूल शुल्क निर्धारित करते थे।" }

{ "en": "After apartheid, what types of schools are referred to as \"Model C\" schools?", "hi": "रंगभेद के बाद, किस प्रकार के स्कूलों को \"मॉडल सी\" स्कूल कहा जाता है?" }

{ "en": [ "government schools formerly reserved for white children" ], "hi": [ "पूर्व में श्वेत बच्चों के लिए आरक्षित सरकारी स्कूलों" ] }

{ "en": [ 379, 379, 116 ], "hi": [ 367 ] }

[ "History and Society.Education" ]

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[ "Private school", "Education in India", "Education in Australia", "Education in China", "State school", "Education in Germany", "Education in the United States", "History of education in the United States", "History of Australia", "Medical school", "Millennials", "Education in Haiti", "Institutional racism", "European Union law", "School uniforms by country", "Education in Singapore", "Education in Malaysia", "Freedom of religion in Europe by country", "Racial achievement gap in the United States", "Education in South Korea", "List of secondary education systems by country", "Development communication", "School voucher", "Role of Christianity in civilization", "United Kingdom labour law", "Education in the Philippines", "Generation Z in the United States", "Education in Ethiopia", "South African labour law", "United Kingdom constitutional law", "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "Freedom of religion in Asia by country", "Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand", "Responses to 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Roosevelt, first and second terms", "California Lutheran University", "Joseph Stalin", "China–United States relations", "University of Michigan", "Hamas", "Benito Mussolini", "Glasgow", "Havana", "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia", "Higher education in Nova Scotia", "Austria", "Spain", "Guatemalan Civil War", "Hugo Chávez", "Discrimination based on skin color", "Syria", "Freedom of religion in Vietnam", "Blueberry (comics)", "HIV/AIDS in Russia", "Labor history of the United States", "Andalusia", "Olusegun Obasanjo", "Mitch Daniels", "Oceania", "History of schools in Scotland", "Taiwanese indigenous peoples", "Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire", "American imperialism", "Sarawak", "Globalization", "Boston University", "Bermuda", "Culture of Tunisia", "American Revolution", "Teaching English as a second or foreign language", "Moscow", "Dubai", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "Florida State University", "Education in Greece", "History of the Jews in the United States", "One-child policy", "Transgender rights in the United States", "Pennsylvania", "Literacy in the United States", "Presidency of Joe Biden", "Community radio", "Premiership of Jason Kenney", "Christchurch Transport Board", "Education in Zimbabwe", "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "Types of socialism", "Freedom of religion", "Public library", "Wartime sexual violence", "Criticism of Amazon", "17 October Revolution", "Piracy", "History of Indiana", "Society of the Song dynasty", "White Africans of European ancestry", "Text messaging", "Christian theology", "Croatia", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet", "Chernobyl disaster", "Religion in the United Kingdom", "Erasmus", "Genocide of Indigenous peoples", "Uganda", "Gender inequality", "Adolescence", "Health insurance in the United States", "Student", "History of Christianity", "Residency (medicine)", "Vietnam War", "Foreign internal defense", "The Dresden Files characters", "Refugee", "Nelson Mandela", "Aloysius Stepinac", "Education policy of the United States", "Somalis in the United Kingdom", "Compulsory sterilization", "Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency", "Engineering education", "Bondelswarts Rebellion", "History of magic", "Lumumba Government", "Political positions of John Delaney", "Eastern Bloc", "Georgia (country)", "Alaska", "Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Zhou Enlai", "Ion Antonescu", "Indianapolis", "Women in STEM fields", "Gun violence in the United States", "Cornell University", "Gilded Age", "Child marriage", "Social enterprise", "History of anthropology by country", "Supreme Court of the United States", "Political positions of Donald Trump", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition", "Qing dynasty", "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign", "Students' union", "Women on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War", "Cooperative", "Income inequality in the United States", "Maharashtra", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Ku Klux Klan", "Child labour", "Immigration to Canada", "School corporal punishment", "Burkina Faso", "History of Virginia", "George W. Bush", "History of Malaysia", "Black British people", "Chile", "Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud", "General der Nachrichtenaufklärung", "History of American newspapers", "History of Europe", "Sanskrit", "Unemployment benefits", "Military band", "University College London", "Cultural impact of Madonna", "Roe v. Wade", "History of Beijing", "Catholic Church in the United States", "Education in Mexico", "History of Lithuania", "Iraq", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections", "Qianzhuang", "Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador", "Criticism of Facebook", "Specialist schools programme", "Economy of Morocco", "Affirmative action", "Jordan", "Middle Ages", "Economy of Armenia", "Ivy League", "Israeli Jews", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom", "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria", "History of Hungary", "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions", "History of the Democratic Party (United States)", "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "Spanish Civil War", "Foreign relations of Taiwan", "University of California", "Chicago", "Organized crime", "Duke University", "History of medicine", "Black Canadians", "António de Oliveira Salazar", "Social history of post-war Britain (1945–1979)", "Afghanistan", "Rejection of evolution by religious groups", "Politics of the United States", "Jury", "Haredi Judaism", "Organ donation", "Presidency of Barack Obama", "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom", "Sandinista National Liberation Front", "Buenos Aires", "Oklahoma", "Lesbian", "Homeschooling", "Christianity in the United States", "YouTube", "BBC", "BP", "Passaic station (Erie Railroad)", "Jerusalem", "History of the Jews in Russia", "Net neutrality", "Economic history of Mexico", "International relations (1814–1919)", "Modern paganism", "History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance", "History of Jamaica", "Nationalism", "Sales taxes in the United States", "Conservative Party (UK)", "Armenia", "Corporate social responsibility", "USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)", "History of Cumbria", "Sephardic Jews", "Culture of France", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China", "Connecticut", "Education in Hong Kong", "Sexism", "Frankston, Victoria", "German Americans", "Desegregation busing", "Martin Luther King Jr.", "Spanish Inquisition", "Education in Azerbaijan", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Strip club", "Mitt Romney", "History of Eglin Air Force Base", "Toronto", "Botswana", "Education in Sri Lanka", "Trump administration family separation policy", "Women in the workforce", "Health effects of electronic cigarettes", "Riba", "United States", "History of social democracy", "Refugees of the Syrian civil war", "Southern United States", "List of My Hero Academia characters", "Birmingham", "Poland", "Catholic Church in England and Wales", "Cultural Revolution", "Paris in the 18th century", "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom", "K-pop", "Christian right", "Korea under Japanese rule", "Constitution of the United States", "BDSM", "Indiana", "Premiership of Maurice Duplessis", "Apostasy in Islam by country", "Bulgarian Turks", "Fair trade", "Dubbing", "Kuwait", "Jean Chrétien", "Hoa people", "John Maynard Keynes", "English as a second or foreign language", "Cambodia", "Reproductive justice", "Religion in Albania", "History of Zakynthos", "Northern England", "British people", "History of personal computers", "Michigan State University", "Education in Nigeria", "Atlanta", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters", "Yanco Agricultural High School", "Blasphemy law", "Governorship of Mitt Romney", "Caste system in India", "Salary cap", "Argentina", "Montessori in Thailand", "History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)", "Violence against women", "Economy of North Korea", "British African-Caribbean people", "Philosophy of education", "Benjamin Netanyahu", "Premiership of Boris Johnson", "British National Party", "English language", "Europeans in Oceania", "Australia", "Debit card", "Charles George Gordon", "Mircea Eliade", "Presidency of John F. Kennedy", "LGBT movements in the United States", "Sex differences in education", "German radio intelligence operations during World War II", "Vaccination policy", "Human nutrition", "Massive open online course", "History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)", "History of opera", "Toronto District School Board", "Wahhabism", "Gaza War (2008–2009)", "Abortion in the United States", "Higher education in Canada", "Hillary Clinton", "School segregation in the United States", "Austin, Texas", "Immigration", "Rio de Janeiro", "Michigan", "Douglas MacArthur", "Indira Gandhi", "Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan", "British Caledonian", "Private and public schools in China", "History of autism", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes", "Safavid Iran", "Republican Party (United States)", "Venezuela", "Great Depression", "Superstation", "Kashmir conflict", "Desmond Tutu", "Italian diaspora", "Economy of Egypt", "Education in Mali", "Rudy Giuliani", "Tennessee", "Mexico City", "Midwestern United States", "Television licensing in the United Kingdom", "Greek government-debt crisis", "Cesar Chavez", "Liberty University", "Spanish Empire", "History of the Internet", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "Gender inequality in the United States", "The Co-operative Group", "Separation of church and state in the United States", "Boston", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State", "Higher education in Japan", "Marxism–Leninism", "First Nations in Canada", "Algeria", "Modern liberalism in the United States", "Rhodesia", "Socialist economics", "Cape Town", "Barack Obama", "Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent", "Bhutan", "French Third Republic", "Academy", "Nawaz Sharif", "Diploma mill", "Volkswagen emissions scandal", "Cham Albanians", "Tax status of Scientology in the United States", "Catalonia", "Colombian peace process", "Norwich School", "Inclusion (education)", "Telehealth", "Norwich", "Education in Kerala", "Television", "History of the Catholic Church", "South African constitutional litigation", "United States corporate law", "Weather of 2010", "Demographics of Malaysia", "Women in Pakistan", "Matura", "Minneapolis", "Edmonton", "Burbank, California", "Welfare", "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "Foreign relations of China" ]