Datasets:

Tuana

/

presidents

like 1

4a19f30478b531c9d96017cd704c8508

[312] In Burwell v. Hobby Lobby the Court ruled that "closely-held" for-profit corporations could be exempt on religious grounds under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act from regulations adopted under the ACA that would have required them to pay for insurance that covered certain contraceptives. In June 2015, the Court ruled 6–3 in King v. Burwell that subsidies to help individuals and families purchase health insurance were authorized for those doing so on both the federal exchange and state exchanges, not only those purchasing plans "established by the State", as the statute reads.[313] Foreign policy Main article: Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration June 4, 2009 − after his speech A New Beginning at Cairo University, U.S. President Obama participates in a roundtable interview in 2009 with among others Jamal Khashoggi, Bambang Harymurti and Nahum Barnea. In February and March 2009, Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton made separate overseas trips to announce a "new era" in U.S. foreign relations with Russia and Europe, using the terms "break" and "reset" to signal major changes from the policies of the preceding administration.

text

2696c87f7e00222da7a15469fa1eb4b0

[314] Obama attempted to reach out to Arab leaders by granting his first interview to an Arab satellite TV network, Al Arabiya.[315] On March 19, Obama continued his outreach to the Muslim world, releasing a New Year's video message to the people and government of Iran.[316][317] On June 4, 2009, Obama delivered a speech at Cairo University in Egypt calling for "A New Beginning" in relations between the Islamic world and the United States and promoting Middle East peace.[318] On June 26, 2009, Obama condemned the Iranian government's actions towards protesters following Iran's 2009 presidential election.[319] In 2011, Obama ordered a drone strike in Yemen which targeted and killed Anwar al-Awlaki, an American imam suspected of being a leading Al-Qaeda organizer. al-Awlaki became the first U.S. citizen to be targeted and killed by a U.S. drone strike. The Department of Justice released a memo justifying al-Awlaki's death as a lawful act of war,[320] while civil liberties advocates described it as a violation of al-Awlaki's constitutional right to due process. The killing led to significant controversy.

text

c3716c135a6855d9318008298bb70959

[321] His teenage son and young daughter, also Americans, were later killed in separate US military actions, although they were not targeted specifically.[322][323] In March 2015, Obama declared that he had authorized U.S. forces to provide logistical and intelligence support to the Saudis in their military intervention in Yemen, establishing a "Joint Planning Cell" with Saudi Arabia.[324][325] In 2016, the Obama administration proposed a series of arms deals with Saudi Arabia worth $115 billion.[326] Obama halted the sale of guided munition technology to Saudi Arabia after Saudi warplanes targeted a funeral in Yemen's capital Sanaa, killing more than 140 people.[327] War in Iraq Main articles: Iraq War and American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021) On February 27, 2009, Obama announced that combat operations in Iraq would end within 18 months.[328] The Obama administration scheduled the withdrawal of combat troops to be completed by August 2010, decreasing troop's levels from 142,000 while leaving a transitional force of about 50,000 in Iraq until the end of 2011. On August 19, 2010, the last U.S. combat brigade exited Iraq. Remaining troops transitioned from combat operations to counter-terrorism and the training, equipping, and advising of Iraqi security forces.

text

5b50a287ff78eb061864e8d728cb91e0

[329][330] On August 31, 2010, Obama announced that the United States combat mission in Iraq was over.[331] On October 21, 2011, President Obama announced that all U.S. troops would leave Iraq in time to be "home for the holidays."[332] In June 2014, following the capture of Mosul by ISIL, Obama sent 275 troops to provide support and security for U.S. personnel and the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad. ISIS continued to gain ground and to commit widespread massacres and ethnic cleansing.[333][334] In August 2014, during the Sinjar massacre, Obama ordered a campaign of U.S. airstrikes against ISIL.[335] By the end of 2014, 3,100 American ground troops were committed to the conflict[336] and 16,000 sorties were flown over the battlefield, primarily by U.S. Air Force and Navy pilots.[337] In early 2015, with the addition of the "Panther Brigade" of the 82nd Airborne Division the number of U.S. ground troops in Iraq increased to 4,400,[338] and by July American-led coalition air forces counted 44,000 sorties over the battlefield.

text

5b448e4a1a158ccd2175bc08ca149f87

[339] Afghanistan and Pakistan Main articles: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) and AfPak Obama after a trilateral meeting with Afghan President Hamid Karzai (left) and Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari (right), White House Cabinet Room, May 2009 In his election campaign, Obama called the war in Iraq a "dangerous distraction" and that emphasis should instead be put on the war in Afghanistan,[340] the region he cites as being most likely where an attack against the United States could be launched again.[341] Early in his presidency, Obama moved to bolster U.S. troop strength in Afghanistan. He announced an increase in U.S. troop levels to 17,000 military personnel in February 2009 to "stabilize a deteriorating situation in Afghanistan", an area he said had not received the "strategic attention, direction and resources it urgently requires."[342] He replaced the military commander in Afghanistan, General David D. McKiernan, with former Special Forces commander Lt. Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal in May 2009, indicating that McChrystal's Special Forces experience would facilitate the use of counterinsurgency tactics in the war.

text

289a3bc30254cf7aecfd84ddc871144c

[343] On December 1, 2009, Obama announced the deployment of an additional 30,000 military personnel to Afghanistan and proposed to begin troop withdrawals 18 months from that date;[344] this took place in July 2011. David Petraeus replaced McChrystal in June 2010, after McChrystal's staff criticized White House personnel in a magazine article.[345] In February 2013, Obama said the U.S. military would reduce the troop level in Afghanistan from 68,000 to 34,000 U.S. troops by February 2014.[346] In October 2015, the White House announced a plan to keep U.S. Forces in Afghanistan indefinitely in light of the deteriorating security situation.[347] Regarding neighboring Pakistan, Obama called its tribal border region the "greatest threat" to the security of Afghanistan and Americans, saying that he "cannot tolerate a terrorist sanctuary."In the same speech, Obama claimed that the U.S. "cannot succeed in Afghanistan or secure our homeland unless we change our Pakistan policy."[348] Death of Osama bin Laden Main article: Killing of Osama bin Laden Obama and members of the national security team receive an update on Operation Neptune's Spear in the White House Situation Room, May 1, 2011.

text

40e1762eb896640d74af3eaf5c6e5c3f

See also: Situation Room Starting with information received from Central Intelligence Agency operatives in July 2010, the CIA developed intelligence over the next several months that determined what they believed to be the hideout of Osama bin Laden. He was living in seclusion in a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a suburban area 35 miles (56 km) from Islamabad.[349] CIA head Leon Panetta reported this intelligence to President Obama in March 2011.[349] Meeting with his national security advisers over the course of the next six weeks, Obama rejected a plan to bomb the compound, and authorized a "surgical raid" to be conducted by United States Navy SEALs.[349] The operation took place on May 1, 2011, and resulted in the shooting death of bin Laden and the seizure of papers, computer drives and disks from the compound.[350][351] DNA testing was one of five methods used to positively identify bin Laden's corpse,[352] which was buried at sea several hours later.

text

3dd5f8c2182975c7f03cfba4e901a5e5

[353] Within minutes of the President's announcement from Washington, DC, late in the evening on May 1, there were spontaneous celebrations around the country as crowds gathered outside the White House, and at New York City's Ground Zero and Times Square.[350][354] Reaction to the announcement was positive across party lines, including from former presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.[355] Relations with Cuba Main article: Cuban thaw President Obama meeting with Cuban President Raúl Castro in Panama, April 2015 Since the spring of 2013, secret meetings were conducted between the United States and Cuba in the neutral locations of Canada and Vatican City.[356] The Vatican first became involved in 2013 when Pope Francis advised the U.S. and Cuba to exchange prisoners as a gesture of goodwill.[357] On December 10, 2013, Cuban President Raúl Castro, in a significant public moment, greeted and shook hands with Obama at the Nelson Mandela memorial service in Johannesburg.[358] In December 2014, after the secret meetings, it was announced that Obama, with Pope Francis as an intermediary, had negotiated a restoration of relations with Cuba, after nearly sixty years of détente.

text

13d9dd6b773a0a15e5c3ea767851a4ff

[359] Popularly dubbed the Cuban Thaw, The New Republic deemed the Cuban Thaw to be "Obama's finest foreign policy achievement."[360] On July 1, 2015, President Obama announced that formal diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States would resume, and embassies would be opened in Washington and Havana.[361] The countries' respective "interests sections" in one another's capitals were upgraded to embassies on July 20 and August 13, 2015, respectively.[362] Obama visited Havana, Cuba for two days in March 2016, becoming the first sitting U.S. president to arrive since Calvin Coolidge in 1928.[363] Israel Obama meeting with Israeli President Shimon Peres in the Oval Office, May 2009 During the initial years of the Obama administration, the U.S. increased military cooperation with Israel, including increased military aid, re-establishment of the U.S.-Israeli Joint Political Military Group and the Defense Policy Advisory Group, and an increase in visits among high-level military officials of both countries.[364] The Obama administration asked Congress to allocate money toward funding the Iron Dome program in response to the waves of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel.

text

c42482a87665d81e0154dc067c2db4c5

[365] In March 2010, Obama took a public stance against plans by the government of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to continue building Jewish housing projects in predominantly Arab neighborhoods of East Jerusalem.[366][367] In 2011, the United States vetoed a Security Council resolution condemning Israeli settlements, with the United States being the only nation to do so.[368] Obama supports the two-state solution to the Arab–Israeli conflict based on the 1967 borders with land swaps.[369] In 2013, Jeffrey Goldberg reported that, in Obama's view, "with each new settlement announcement, Netanyahu is moving his country down a path toward near-total isolation."[370] In 2014, Obama likened the Zionist movement to the civil rights movement in the United States. He said both movements seek to bring justice and equal rights to historically persecuted peoples, explaining: "To me, being pro-Israel and pro-Jewish is part and parcel with the values that I've been fighting for since I was politically conscious and started getting involved in politics."[371] Obama expressed support for Israel's right to defend itself during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.

text

76cdc33b8e7692ec9ba924a0be17533e

[372] In 2015, Obama was harshly criticized by Israel for advocating and signing the Iran Nuclear Deal; Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who had advocated the U.S. congress to oppose it, said the deal was "dangerous" and "bad."[373] On December 23, 2016, under the Obama Administration, the United States abstained from United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334, which condemned Israeli settlement building in the occupied Palestinian territories as a violation of international law, effectively allowing it to pass.[374] Netanyahu strongly criticized the Obama administration's actions,[375][376] and the Israeli government withdrew its annual dues from the organization, which totaled $6 million, on January 6, 2017.[377] On January 5, 2017, the United States House of Representatives voted 342–80 to condemn the UN Resolution.[378][379] Libya Main article: 2011 military intervention in Libya In February 2011, protests in Libya began against long-time dictator Muammar Gaddafi as part of the Arab Spring. They soon turned violent. In March, as forces loyal to Gaddafi advanced on rebels across Libya, calls for a no-fly zone came from around the world, including Europe, the Arab League, and a resolution[380] passed unanimously by the U.S. Senate.

text

e668a9100bc05ca21665d58e026a31ce

[381] In response to the unanimous passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 on March 17, Gaddafi—who had previously vowed to "show no mercy" to the rebels of Benghazi[382]—announced an immediate cessation of military activities.[383] The next day, on Obama's orders, the U.S. military took part in air strikes to destroy the Libyan government's air defense capabilities to protect civilians and enforce a no-fly-zone,[384] including the use of Tomahawk missiles, B-2 Spirits, and fighter jets.[385][386][387] Six days later, on March 25, by unanimous vote of all its 28 members, NATO took over leadership of the effort, dubbed Operation Unified Protector.[388] Some Representatives[389] questioned whether Obama had the constitutional authority to order military action in addition to questioning its cost, structure and aftermath.[390][391] Obama later expressed regret for playing a leading role in the destabilization of Libya, calling the certain situation there "a mess."[392] He has stated that the lack of preparation surrounding the days following the government's overthrow was the "worst mistake" of his presidency.

text

4e1939c278571e88fe16058fc6cb8e30

[393] Syrian civil war See also: Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war § United States, and American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war On August 18, 2011, several months after the start of the Syrian civil war, Obama issued a written statement that said: "The time has come for President Assad to step aside."[394] This stance was reaffirmed in November 2015.[395] In 2012, Obama authorized multiple programs run by the CIA and the Pentagon to train anti-Assad rebels.[396] The Pentagon-run program was later found to have failed and was formally abandoned in October 2015.[397][398] In the wake of a chemical weapons attack in Syria, formally blamed by the Obama administration on the Assad government, Obama chose not to enforce the "red line" he had pledged[399] and, rather than authorize the promised military action against Assad, went along with the Russia-brokered deal that led to Assad giving up chemical weapons; however attacks with chlorine gas continued.[400][401] In 2014, Obama authorized an air campaign aimed primarily at ISIL.[402] Iran nuclear talks Main article: Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Obama talks with Benjamin Netanyahu, March 2013.

text

134916b04853d1f4ec4aec90dc1a9080

On October 1, 2009, the Obama administration went ahead with a Bush administration program, increasing nuclear weapons production. The "Complex Modernization" initiative expanded two existing nuclear sites to produce new bomb parts. The administration built new plutonium pits at the Los Alamos lab in New Mexico and expanded enriched uranium processing at the Y-12 facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.[citation needed] In November 2013, the Obama administration opened negotiations with Iran to prevent it from acquiring nuclear weapons, which included an interim agreement. Negotiations took two years with numerous delays, with a deal being announced on July 14, 2015. The deal titled the "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action" saw sanctions removed in exchange for measures that would prevent Iran from producing nuclear weapons. While Obama hailed the agreement as being a step towards a more hopeful world, the deal drew strong criticism from Republican and conservative quarters, and from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.[403][404][405] In addition, the transfer of $1.7 billion in cash to Iran shortly after the deal was announced was criticized by the Republican party. The Obama administration said that the payment in cash was because of the "effectiveness of U.S. and international sanctions.

text

88182bec53122f6904c4645e27cb7a56

"[406] In order to advance the deal, the Obama administration shielded Hezbollah from the Drug Enforcement Administration's Project Cassandra investigation regarding drug smuggling and from the Central Intelligence Agency.[407][408] On a side note, the very same year, in December 2015, Obama started a $348 billion worth program to back the biggest U.S. buildup of nuclear arms since Ronald Reagan left the White House.[409] Russia See also: Russia–United States relations § From Obama's first term to election of Trump (2009–16) Obama meets Russian President Vladimir Putin in September 2015. In March 2010, an agreement was reached with the administration of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with a new pact reducing the number of long-range nuclear weapons in the arsenals of both countries by about a third.[410] Obama and Medvedev signed the New START treaty in April 2010, and the U.S. Senate ratified it in December 2010.[411] In December 2011, Obama instructed agencies to consider LGBT rights when issuing financial aid to foreign countries.

text

31a3c35ffb40ebab61b5d49374d4949c

[412] In August 2013, he criticized Russia's law that discriminates against gays,[413] but he stopped short of advocating a boycott of the upcoming 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.[414] After Russia's invasion of Crimea in 2014, military intervention in Syria in 2015, and the interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election,[415] George Robertson, a former UK defense secretary and NATO secretary-general, said Obama had "allowed Putin to jump back on the world stage and test the resolve of the West", adding that the legacy of this disaster would last.[416] Cultural and political image Main article: Public image of Barack Obama See also: International reactions to the 2012 United States presidential election Presidential approval ratings Obama's family history, upbringing, and Ivy League education differ markedly from those of African-American politicians who launched their careers in the 1960s through participation in the civil rights movement.[417] Expressing puzzlement over questions about whether he is "black enough", Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that "we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong.

text

884d659a3db99027f3388c3c2f285644

"[418] Obama acknowledged his youthful image in an October 2007 campaign speech, saying: "I wouldn't be here if, time and again, the torch had not been passed to a new generation."[419] Additionally, Obama has frequently been referred to as an exceptional orator.[420] During his pre-inauguration transition period and continuing into his presidency, Obama delivered a series of weekly Internet video addresses.[421] According to the Gallup Organization, Obama began his presidency with a 68 percent approval rating[422] before gradually declining for the rest of the year, and eventually bottoming out at 41 percent in August 2010,[423] a trend similar to Ronald Reagan's and Bill Clinton's first years in office.[424] He experienced a small poll bounce shortly after the death of Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011. This bounce lasted until around June 2011, when his approval numbers dropped back to where they were previously.[425][426] His approval ratings rebounded around the same time as his reelection in 2012, with polls showing an average job approval of 52 percent shortly after his second inauguration.

text

f0b99582630012b57949027cb6295357

[427] Despite approval ratings dropping to 39 percent in late-2013 due to the ACA roll-out, they climbed to 50 percent in January 2015 according to Gallup.[428] Polls showed strong support for Obama in other countries both before and during his presidency.[429][430][431] In a February 2009 poll conducted in Western Europe and the U.S. by Harris Interactive for France 24 and the International Herald Tribune, Obama was rated as the most respected world leader, as well as the most powerful.[432] In a similar poll conducted by Harris in May 2009, Obama was rated as the most popular world leader, as well as the one figure most people would pin their hopes on for pulling the world out of the economic downturn.[433][434] On October 9, 2009, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples,"[435] which drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures.[436][437][438][439] He became the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office.

text

f728a63ab76afb0f21a4f4ba80fcc126

[440] Post-presidency (2017–present) Obama playing golf with the Argentinian president Mauricio Macri, October 2017 Obama's presidency ended on January 20, 2017, upon the inauguration of his successor, Donald Trump.[441][442] The family moved to a house they rented in Kalorama, Washington, D.C.[443] On March 2, the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum awarded the Profile in Courage Award to Obama "for his enduring commitment to democratic ideals and elevating the standard of political courage."[444] His first public appearance since leaving the office was a seminar at the University of Chicago on April 24, where he appealed for a new generation to participate in politics.[445] On September 7, Obama partnered with former presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush to work with One America Appeal to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the Gulf Coast and Texas communities.[446] From October 31 to November 1, Obama hosted the inaugural summit of the Obama Foundation,[447] which he intended for it to be the central focus of his post-presidency and part of his ambitions for his subsequent activities following his presidency to be more consequential than his time in office.

text

c8f97914dbae7627abae9fda8f0bbc8a

[448] Barack and Michelle Obama signed a deal on May 22, 2018, to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obamas' newly formed production company, Higher Ground Productions.[449][450] Higher Ground's first film, American Factory, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2020.[451] On October 24, a pipe bomb addressed to Obama was intercepted by the Secret Service. It was one of several pipe-bombs that had been mailed out to Democratic lawmakers and officials.[452] In 2019, Barack and Michelle Obama bought a home on Martha's Vineyard from Wyc Grousbeck.[453] On October 29, Obama criticized "wokeness" and call-out culture at the Obama Foundation's annual summit.[454][455] Obama was reluctant to make an endorsement in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries because he wanted to position himself to unify the party, regardless of the nominee.[456] On April 14, 2020, Obama endorsed Biden, the presumptive nominee, for president in the presidential election, stating that he has "all the qualities we need in a president right now.

text

e253f1eabfd36cd2c2483344d7ccf7f7

"[457][458] In May, Obama criticized President Trump for his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, calling his response to the crisis "an absolute chaotic disaster", and stating that the consequences of the Trump presidency have been "our worst impulses unleashed, our proud reputation around the world badly diminished, and our democratic institutions threatened like never before."[459] On November 17, Obama's presidential memoir, A Promised Land, was released.[460][461][462] In February 2021, Obama and musician Bruce Springsteen started a podcast called Renegades: Born in the USA where the two talk about "their backgrounds, music and their 'enduring love of America.'"[463][464] Later that year, Regina Hicks had signed a deal with Netflix, in a venture with his and Michelle's Higher Ground to develop comedy projects.[465] Obama with president Joe Biden and vice president Kamala Harris in the White House, April 5, 2022 On March 4, 2022, Obama won an Audio Publishers Association (APA) Award in the best narration by the author category for the narration of his memoir A Promised Land.

text

269ebefa63703daecc945bfaf3f61fe2

[466] On April 5, Obama visited the White House for the first time since leaving office, in an event celebrating the 12th annual anniversary of the signing of the Affordable Care Act.[467][468][469] In June, it was announced that the Obamas and their podcast production company, Higher Ground, signed a multi-year deal with Audible.[470][471] In September, Obama visited the White House to unveil his and Michelle's official White House portraits.[472] Around the same time, he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator[473] for his narration in the Netflix documentary series Our Great National Parks.[474] Legacy Historian Julian Zelizer credits Obama with "a keen sense of how the institutions of government work and the ways that his team could design policy proposals."Zelizer notes Obama's policy successes included the economic stimulus package which ended the Great Recession and the Dodd-Frank financial and consumer protection reforms, as well as the Affordable Care Act. Zelizer also notes the Democratic Party lost power and numbers of elected officials during Obama's term, saying that the consensus among historians is that Obama "turned out to be a very effective policymaker but not a tremendously successful party builder."

text

77abd053dba1a5eec9637c3506eb94f

Zelizer calls this the "defining paradox of Obama’s presidency".[475] The Brookings Institution noted that Obama passed "only one major legislative achievement (Obamacare)—and a fragile one at that—the legacy of Obama’s presidency mainly rests on its tremendous symbolic importance and the fate of a patchwork of executive actions."[476] David W. Wise noted that Obama fell short "in areas many Progressives hold dear", including the continuation of drone strikes, not going after big banks during the Great Recession, and failing to strengthen his coalition before pushing for Obamacare. Wise called Obama's legacy that of "a disappointingly conventional president".[477] Obama's most significant accomplishment is generally considered to be the Affordable Care Act (ACA), provisions of which went into effect from 2010 to 2020. Many attempts by Senate Republicans to repeal the ACA, including a "skinny repeal", have thus far failed.[478] However, in 2017, the penalty for violating the individual mandate was repealed effective 2019.[479] Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965.

text

a4e93a572df6cc562badcdc02eb0859b

[480][481][482][483] Many commentators credit Obama with averting a threatened depression and pulling the economy back from the Great Recession.[478] According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Obama administration created 11.3 million jobs from the month after his first inauguration to the end of his term.[484] In 2010, Obama signed into effect the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Passed as a response to the financial crisis of 2007–08, it brought the most significant changes to financial regulation in the United States since the regulatory reform that followed the Great Depression under Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[485] In 2009, Obama signed into law the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, which contained in it the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, the first addition to existing federal hate crime law in the United States since Democratic President Bill Clinton signed into law the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996. The act expanded existing federal hate crime laws in the United States, and made it a federal crime to assault people based on sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.[486] As president, Obama advanced LGBT rights.

text

3e1eb9ad941848740649cb51dff06c86

[487] In 2010, he signed the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act, which brought an end to "don't ask, don't tell" policy in the U.S. armed forces that banned open service from LGB people; the law went into effect the following year.[488] In 2016, his administration brought an end to the ban on transgender people serving openly in the U.S. armed forces.[489][238] A Gallup poll, taken in the final days of Obama's term, showed that 68 percent of Americans believed the U.S. had made progress on LGBT rights during Obama's eight years in office.[490] Obama substantially escalated the use of drone strikes against suspected militants and terrorists associated with al-Qaeda and the Taliban.[491] In 2016, the last year of his presidency, the U.S. dropped 26,171 bombs on seven different countries.[492][493] Obama left about 8,400 U.S. troops in Afghanistan, 5,262 in Iraq, 503 in Syria, 133 in Pakistan, 106 in Somalia, seven in Yemen, and two in Libya at the end of his presidency.[494] According to Pew Research Center and United States Bureau of Justice Statistics, from December 31, 2009, to December 31, 2015, inmates sentenced in U.S. federal custody declined by five percent.

text

704535210ddb4526ffeaead4668855b8

This is the largest decline in sentenced inmates in U.S. federal custody since Democratic President Jimmy Carter. By contrast, the federal prison population increased significantly under presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush.[495] Human Rights Watch (HRW) called Obama's human rights record "mixed", adding that "he has often treated human rights as a secondary interest — nice to support when the cost was not too high, but nothing like a top priority he championed."[221] Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60 percent approval rating.[496][497] He gained 10 spots from the same survey in 2015 from the Brookings Institution that ranked him the 18th-greatest American president.[498] In Gallup's 2018 job approval poll for the past 10 U.S. presidents, he received a 63 percent approval rating.[499] Presidential library Main article: Barack Obama Presidential Center The Barack Obama Presidential Center is Obama's planned presidential library. It will be hosted by the University of Chicago and located in Jackson Park on the South Side of Chicago.

text

b10896d1061a1bb8e17733ceb0e37a6e

[500] Bibliography Main article: Bibliography of Barack Obama .mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column} Books .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Obama, Barack (July 18, 1995). Dreams from My Father (1st ed.). New York: Times Books. ISBN 0-8129-2343-X. ——————— (October 17, 2006). The Audacity of Hope (1st ed.). New York: Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-23769-9. ——————— (November 16, 2010). Of Thee I Sing (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-83527-8. ——————— (November 17, 2020). A Promised Land (1st ed.). New York: Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-5247-6316-9.[501] Audiobooks 2006: The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream (read by the author), Random House Audio, ISBN 978-0-7393-6641-7 2020: A Promised Land (read by the author) Articles Obama, Barack (1988). "Why organize? Problems in the inner city". Illinois Issues. XIV (8 & 9): 40–42. ISSN 0738-9663. ——————— (1990). "Tort Law. Prenatal Injuries.

text

1ffdb7bfdd37dccb83bba704961ddd67

Supreme Court of Illinois Refuses to Recognize Cause of Action Brought by Fetus Against Its Mother for Unintentional Infliction of Prenatal Injuries. Stallman v. Youngquist, 125 Ill. 2d 267, 531 N. E.2d 355 (1988)". Harvard Law Review. 103 (3): 823–828. doi:10.2307/1341352. JSTOR 1341352. Uncredited case comment.[502] ——————— (2005). "Bound to the Word". American Libraries. 36 (7): 48–52. JSTOR 25649652. ———————; Clinton, Hillary (May 25, 2006). "Making Patient Safety the Centerpiece of Medical Liability Reform". The New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (21): 2205–2208. doi:10.1056/NEJMp068100. PMID 16723612. ——————— (2007). "Renewing American Leadership". Foreign Affairs. 86 (4): 2–16. JSTOR 20032411. ——————— (2008). "A More Perfect Union". The Black Scholar. 38 (1): 17–23. doi:10.1080/00064246.2008.11413431. JSTOR 41069296. S2CID 219318643. ——————— (2009). "What Science Can Do". Issues in Science and Technology. 25 (4): 23–30. JSTOR 43314908. ——————— (2009). "A New Beginning". Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften (ZSE). 7 (2): 173–186. doi:10.5771/1610-7780-2009-2-173. JSTOR 26165626. ——————— (August 2, 2016). "United States Health Care Reform: Progress to Date and Next Steps". Journal of the American Medical Association. 130 (5): 811–866. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9797. PMC 5069435. PMID 27400401. ——————— (January 5, 2017). "The President's Role in Advancing Criminal Justice Reform" (PDF). Harvard Law Review. 130 (3): 811–866. JSTOR 44865604.

text

8318bc64ca87c140b549fdad3a565a7f

——————— (January 13, 2017). "The Irreversible Momentum of Clean Energy". Science. 355 (6321): 126–129. Bibcode:2017Sci...355..126O. doi:10.1126/science.aam6284. PMID 28069665. S2CID 30991274. ——————— (May 2017). "Repealing the ACA Without a Replacement—the Risks to American Health Care". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 72 (5): 263–264. doi:10.1097/OGX.0000000000000447. S2CID 80088566.

text

789f6666495c5421e89a5476f6375b67

See also .mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}} Biography portalUnited States portalHawaii portalChicago portalIllinois portalLaw portalPolitics portal2000s portal2010s portal Politics DREAM Act Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 IRS targeting controversy Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 National Broadband Plan (United States) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Social policy of the Barack Obama administration SPEECH Act Stay with It White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy Other Roberts Court Speeches of Barack Obama Lists Assassination threats against Barack Obama List of African-American United States senators List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements List of federal political scandals, 2009–17 List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama List of things named after Barack Obama References ^ "Barack Hussein Obama Takes The Oath Of Office" on YouTube. January 20, 2009. ^ Jump up to: a b "Obama wins historic US election". BBC News. November 5, 2008. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.

text

bc712c823a3897b322d3a5768cddfe85

Nagourney, Adam (November 4, 2008). "Obama Elected President as Racial Barrier Falls". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008. "Obama: 'This is your victory'". CNN. November 5, 2008. Archived from the original on November 4, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008. ^ "American Presidents: Greatest and Worst – Siena College Research Institute". ^ "Barack Obama | C-SPAN Survey on Presidents 2017". ^ "Siena's 6th Presidential Expert Poll 1982 – 2018 – Siena College Research Institute". ^ "President Barack Obama". The White House. 2008. Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2008. ^ "Certificate of Live Birth: Barack Hussein Obama II, August 4, 1961, 7:24 pm, Honolulu" (PDF). whitehouse.gov. April 27, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017 – via National Archives. ^ Maraniss, David (August 24, 2008). "Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible". The Washington Post. p. A22. Retrieved October 28, 2008. ^ Nakaso, Dan (December 22, 2008). "Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. B1. Retrieved January 22, 2011.

text

b6aba95f62353bc63328ccacc091f0e8

^ Barreto, Amílcar Antonio; O'Bryant, Richard L. (November 12, 2013). "Introduction". American Identity in the Age of Obama. Taylor & Francis. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-1-317-93715-9. Retrieved May 8, 2017. ^ "On This Day: US President Barack Obama arrives in Ireland for a visit". IrishCentral.com. May 23, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2022. ^ "Ancestry.com Discovers Ph Suggests" Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times. July 30, 2012. ^ Hennessey, Kathleen. "Obama related to legendary Virginia slave, genealogists say", Los Angeles Times. July 30, 2012. ^ Maraniss (2012), p. 65: He had been born inside the euphorbia hedges of the K'obama homestead on June 18, 1934. ^ Liberties (2012), p. 202: The age of the father is questionable since most of the documents Barack Hussein Obama filled out during his United States student visa was June 18, 1934; however, Obama II's book Dreams of My Father states his birth date was June 18, 1936. Check out Immigration and Naturalization Service records, and those documents also indicate the birth date to be June 18, 1934, thereby making Obama Sr. twenty-seven at the birth of Obama II instead of the annotated twenty-five on the birth certificate.

text

ccc5a71bef6ae60d44b6874d1a7ff9b1

^ Jump up to: a b Jacobs, Sally (July 6, 2011). "President Obama's Father: A 'Bold And Reckless Life'". NPR. Retrieved January 16, 2020. ^ Swaine, Jon (April 29, 2011). "Barack Obama's father 'forced out of US in 1960s'". Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2020. ^ Swarns, Rachel L. (June 18, 2016). "Words of Obama's Father Still Waiting to Be Read by His Son". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved January 16, 2020. ^ David R Arnott. "From Obama's old school to his ancestral village, world reacts to US presidential election". NBC News. Retrieved January 16, 2020. ^ Jones, Tim (March 27, 2007). "Barack Obama: Mother not just a girl from Kansas; Stanley Ann Dunham shaped a future senator". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Tempo). Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 9–10. Scott (2011), pp. 80–86. Jacobs (2011), pp. 115–118. Maraniss (2012), pp. 154–160. ^ Ripley, Amanda (April 9, 2008). "The story of Barack Obama's mother". Time. Retrieved April 9, 2007. ^ Scott (2011), p. 86. Jacobs (2011), pp. 125–127. Maraniss (2012), pp. 160–163.

text

1feb076dc2f56893731984d5dfe5a5bf

^ Scott (2011), pp. 87–93. Jacobs (2011), pp. 115–118, 125–127, 133–161. Maraniss (2012), pp. 170–183, 188–189. ^ Obama "Dreams from My Father a Story of Race and Inheritance" ^ Scott (2011), pp. 142–144. Jacobs (2011), pp. 161–177, 227–230. Maraniss (2012), pp. 190–194, 201–209, 227–230. ^ Ochieng, Philip (November 1, 2004). "From home squared to the US Senate: how Barack Obama was lost and found". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Merida, Kevin (December 14, 2007). "The ghost of a father". The Washington Post. p. A12. Retrieved June 25, 2008. Jacobs (2011), pp. 251–255. Maraniss (2012), pp. 411–417. ^ Serrano, Richard A. (March 11, 2007). "Obama's peers didn't see his angst". Los Angeles Times. p. A20. Archived from the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2007. Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 4 and 5. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 97–103. Maraniss (2012), pp. 195–201, 225–230. ^ Maraniss (2012), pp. 195–201, 209–223, 230–244. ^ Suhartono, Anton (March 19, 2010). "Sekolah di SD Asisi, Obama Berstatus Agama Islam". Okezone (in Indonesian). Retrieved January 21, 2021. ^ Maraniss (2012), pp. 216, 221, 230, 234–244. ^ "Barack Obama: Calvert Homeschooler?—Calvert Education Blog". calverteducation.com. January 25, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2015.

text

d910a851f707362c872c050e02af7203

^ Zimmer, Benjamin (2009). "Obama's Indonesian Redux". Language Log. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2009. "Obama: Saya Kangen Nasi Goreng, Bakso, dan Rambutan". Kompas (in Indonesian). November 26, 2008. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008. ^ Meacham, Jon (August 22, 2008). "What Barack Obama Learned from His Father". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2017. ^ Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004). "Punahou grad stirs up Illinois politics". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved March 20, 2008. Scott, Janny (March 14, 2008). "A free-spirited wanderer who set Obama's path". The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on March 14, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2011. Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 3 and 4. Scott (2012), pp. 131–134. Maraniss (2012), pp. 264–269. ^ Wolffe, Richard (March 22, 2008). "When Barry Became Barack". Newsweek. Retrieved March 21, 2016. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 139–157. Maraniss (2012), pp. 279–281. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 157–194. Maraniss (2012), pp. 279–281, 324–326. ^ Scott (2011), pp. 214, 294, 317–346. ^ Reyes, B.J. (February 8, 2007). "Punahou left lasting impression on Obama". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved February 10, 2007.

text

30e60fe04dc11fbf45a5f9376341aebd

As a teenager, Obama went to parties and sometimes sought out gatherings on military bases or at the University of Hawaii that were attended mostly by blacks. ^ Elliott, Philip (November 21, 2007). "Obama gets blunt with N.H. students". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. p. 8A. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012. ^ Karl, Jonathan (May 25, 2012). "Obama and his pot-smoking "choom gang"". ABC News. Retrieved May 25, 2012. Obama, Barack (2004) [1995]. Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-307-39412-5. Retrieved June 3, 2016. Maraniss, David (2012). Barack Obama: The Story. pages with "choom gang". ISBN 978-1-4391-6753-3. Retrieved June 3, 2016. for analysis of the political impact of the quote and Obama's more recent admission that he smoked marijuana as a teenager ("When I was a kid, I inhaled"), see: Seelye, Katharine Q. (October 24, 2006). "Obama offers more variations from the norm". The New York Times. p. A21. Retrieved October 29, 2006. Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). "Effect of Obama's candor remains to be seen". The Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved January 14, 2007. ^ "FRONTLINE The Choice 2012". PBS. October 9, 2012.

text

5c5259f9a9b800a5c50191b6066f404e

Retrieved October 29, 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b Gordon, Larry (January 29, 2007). "Occidental recalls 'Barry' Obama". Los Angeles Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on May 24, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010. Possley, Maurice (March 30, 2007). "Activism blossomed in college". Chicago Tribune. p. 20. Archived from the original on October 9, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010. Kovaleski, Serge F. (February 9, 2008). "Old friends say drugs played bit part in Obama's young life". The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on February 11, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2010. Rohter, Larry (April 10, 2008). "Obama says real-life experience trumps rivals' foreign policy credits". The New York Times. p. A18. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2010. Goldman, Adam; Tanner, Robert (May 15, 2008). "Old friends recall Obama's years in LA, NYC". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved May 12, 2010. Helman, Scott (August 25, 2008). "Small college awakened future senator to service (subscription archive)". The Boston Globe. p. 1A. Retrieved May 12, 2010. Jackson, Brooks (June 5, 2009). "More 'birther' nonsense: Obama's 1981 Pakistan trip". FactCheck.org. Retrieved May 12, 2010. Remnick, David (2010).

text

a054fee538159ad3fceeb5e5e1d86ece

The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 98–112. ISBN 978-1-4000-4360-6. Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 92–112. Mendell (2007), pp. 55–62. ^ Boss-Bicak, Shira (January 2005). "Barack Obama '83". Columbia College Today. ISSN 0572-7820. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved October 1, 2006. ^ "Remarks by the President in Town Hall". whitehouse.gov. June 26, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2016 – via National Archives. ^ "The Approval Matrix". New York. August 27, 2012. ^ Horsley, Scott (July 9, 2008). "Obama's Early Brush With Financial Markets". NPR. Retrieved July 17, 2017. ^ Obama, Barack (1998). "Curriculum vitae". The University of Chicago Law School. Archived from the original on May 9, 2001. Retrieved October 1, 2006. Issenberg, Sasha (August 6, 2008). "Obama shows hints of his year in global finance; Tied markets to social aid". The Boston Globe. p. 1A. Archived from the original on November 7, 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2008. ^ Scott, Janny (July 30, 2007). "Obama's account of New York often differs from what others say". The New York Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on October 31, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007. Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 133–140.

text

f20b6f45ac6d603368ffaca016815e87

Mendell (2007), pp. 62–63. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Chassie, Karen, ed. (2007). Who's Who in America, 2008. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who. p. 3468. ISBN 978-0-8379-7011-0. ^ Fink, Jason (November 9, 2008). "Obama stood out, even during brief 1985 NYPIRG job". Newsday. ^ Lizza, Ryan (March 19, 2007). "The agitator: Barack Obama's unlikely political education". The New Republic. Vol. 236, no. 12. pp. 22–26, 28–29. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved August 21, 2007. Secter, Bob; McCormick, John (March 30, 2007). "Portrait of a pragmatist". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original on December 14, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2012. Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 140–295. Mendell (2007), pp. 63–83. ^ Jump up to: a b c Matchan, Linda (February 15, 1990). "A Law Review breakthrough". The Boston Globe. p. 29. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Corr, John (February 27, 1990). "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive). The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. C01. Retrieved June 6, 2008. ^ Obama, Barack (August–September 1988). "Why organize? Problems and promise in the inner city". Illinois Issues. Vol. 14, no. 8–9. pp. 40–42. ISSN 0738-9663. reprinted in:Knoepfle, Peg, ed. (1990). After Alinsky: community organizing in Illinois. Springfield, IL: Sangamon State University.

text

bef746143cbdc701ee08d09cbaa1fc38

pp. 35–40. ISBN 978-0-9620873-3-2. He has also been a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, an organizing institute working throughout the Midwest. ^ Obama, Auma (2012). And then life happens: a memoir. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 189–208, 212–216. ISBN 978-1-250-01005-6. ^ Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 299–437. Maraniss (2012), pp. 564–570. ^ "Ten O'Clock News; Derrick Bell threatens to leave Harvard". WGBH, American Archive of Public Broadcasting. Boston and Washington, D.C.: WGBH and the Library of Congress. April 24, 1990. Retrieved September 23, 2016. ^ Joey Del Ponte; Somerville Scout Staff. "Something in the Water". Somerville Scout. No. January/February 2014. p. 26. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020. Barack Obama lived in the big, ivy-covered brick building at 365 Broadway ... From 1988 to 1991, the future president resided in a basement apartment while attending Harvard Law School. ^ Jump up to: a b Levenson, Michael; Saltzman, Jonathan (January 28, 2007). "At Harvard Law, a unifying voice". Boston Globe. p. 1A. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Kantor, Jodi (January 28, 2007). "In law school, Obama found political voice". The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on March 7, 2007.

text

ab12ca9521e40fd2411613a8ebeb251e

Retrieved June 15, 2008. Mundy, Liza (August 12, 2007). "A series of fortunate events". The Washington Post. p. W10. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Mendell (2007), pp. 80–92. ^ Jump up to: a b Butterfield, Fox (February 6, 1990). "First black elected to head Harvard's Law Review". The New York Times. p. A20. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Ybarra, Michael J (February 7, 1990). "Activist in Chicago now heads Harvard Law Review". Chicago Tribune. p. 3. Retrieved October 29, 2011. Drummond, Tammerlin (March 12, 1990). "Barack Obama's law; Harvard Law Review's first black president plans a life of public service". Los Angeles Times. p. E1. Archived from the original (paid archive) on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Evans, Gaynelle (March 15, 1990). "Opening another door: The saga of Harvard's Barack H. Obama". Black Issues in Higher Education. Vol. 7, no. 1. p. 5. ISSN 0742-0277. Retrieved May 18, 2012. Pugh, Allison J. (April 18, 1990). "Law Review's first black president aims to help poor" (PDF). The Miami Herald. Associated Press. p. C01. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020. ^ "Obama Made A Strong First Impression At Harvard". NPR.org. Retrieved December 20, 2022.

text

775bad25a5461cfa618a50d97fc2a7d1

^ Aguilar, Louis (July 11, 1990). "Survey: Law firms slow to add minority partners". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Business). Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b c Scott, Janny (May 18, 2008). "The story of Obama, written by Obama". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Obama (1995, 2004), pp. xiii–xvii. ^ "Obama joins list of seven presidents with Harvard degrees". news.harvard.edu. November 6, 2008. Retrieved October 23, 2017. Adams, Richard (May 9, 2007). "Barack Obama". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008. ^ Merriner, James L. (June 2008). "The friends of O". Chicago. Vol. 57, no. 6. pp. 74–79, 97–99. ISSN 0362-4595. Retrieved January 30, 2010. Zengerle, Jason (July 30, 2008). "Con law; What the University of Chicago right thinks of Obama". The New Republic. Vol. 239, no. 1. pp. 7–8. Retrieved January 30, 2010. Kantor, Jodi (July 30, 2008). "Teaching law, testing ideas, Obama stood slightly apart". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 30, 2010. Gray, Steven (September 10, 2008). "Taking professor Obama's class". Time. Archived from the original on May 12, 2009.

text

fbc3648d3c35ebc729d77e5a82bf534e

Retrieved January 30, 2010. Starr, Alexandra (September 21, 2008). "Case study". The New York Times Magazine. p. 76. Retrieved January 30, 2010. Hundley, Tom (March 22, 2009). "Ivory tower of power". Chicago Tribune Magazine. p. 6. Retrieved January 30, 2010. ^ "Statement regarding Barack Obama". University of Chicago Law School. March 27, 2008. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008. Miller, Joe (March 28, 2008). "Was Barack Obama really a constitutional law professor?". FactCheck.org. Retrieved May 18, 2012. Holan, Angie Drobnic (March 7, 2008). "Obama's 20 years of experience". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved June 10, 2008. ^ White, Jesse, ed. (2000). Illinois Blue Book, 2000, Millennium ed (PDF). Springfield, IL: Illinois Secretary of State. p. 83. OCLC 43923973. Archived from the original on April 16, 2004. Retrieved June 6, 2008. Jarrett, Vernon (August 11, 1992). "'Project Vote' brings power to the people" (paid archive). Chicago Sun-Times. p. 23. Retrieved June 6, 2008. Reynolds, Gretchen (January 1993). "Vote of confidence". Chicago Magazine. Vol. 42, no. 1. pp. 53–54. ISSN 0362-4595. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008. Anderson, Veronica (October 3, 1993). "40 under Forty: Barack Obama, Director, Illinois Project Vote".

text

6eb71b9ab857acca30d49567af4ccbe2

Crain's Chicago Business. Vol. 16, no. 39. p. 43. ISSN 0149-6956. ^ "Keeping Hope Alive: Barack Obama Puts Family First". The Oprah Winfrey Show. October 18, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2008. ^ Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). "Half Siblings: 'A Complicated Family'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2008. See also: "Interactive Family Tree". Chicago Sun-Times. September 9, 2007. Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008. ^ Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). "Madelyn Payne Dunham: 'A Trailblazer'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2008. ^ "Obama's grandmother dies after battle with cancer". CNN. November 3, 2008. Archived from the original on November 3, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2008. ^ Smolenyak, Megan (May 9, 2011). "Tracing Barack Obama's Roots to Moneygall". The Huffington Post. ^ Obama (1995, 2004), p. 13. For reports on Obama's maternal genealogy, including slave owners, Irish connections, and common ancestors with George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, and Harry S. Truman, see: Nitkin, David; Merritt, Harry (March 2, 2007). "A New Twist to an Intriguing Family History". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.

text

a618b293918935deb9a59b8154da9d2a

Retrieved June 24, 2008. ^ Jordan, Mary (May 13, 2007). "Tiny Irish Village Is Latest Place to Claim Obama as Its Own". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 24, 2008. ^ "Obama's Family Tree Has a Few Surprises". CBS 2 (Chicago). Associated Press. September 8, 2007. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b Hosie, Rachel (May 3, 2017). "BEFORE MICHELLE: THE STORY OF BARACK OBAMA'S PROPOSAL TO SHEILA MIYOSHI JAGER". The Independent. Retrieved May 11, 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b Tobias, Andrew J. (May 3, 2017). "Oberlin College professor received unsuccessful marriage proposal from Barack Obama in 1980s, new biography reveals". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved May 11, 2017. ^ Obama (2006), pp. 327–332. See also: Brown, Sarah (December 7, 2005). "Obama '85 masters balancing act". The Daily Princetonian. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2009. ^ Obama (2006), p. 329. ^ Fornek, Scott (October 3, 2007). "Michelle Obama: 'He Swept Me Off My Feet'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2008. ^ Riley-Smith, Ben (November 9, 2018). "Michelle Obama had miscarriage, used IVF to conceive girls".

text

4aa3e9f5d554f647bd9ff241770783d0

The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2018. ^ Martin, Jonathan (July 4, 2008). "Born on the 4th of July". Politico. Archived from the original on July 10, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2008. ^ Obama (1995, 2004), p. 440, and Obama (2006), pp. 339–340. See also: "Election 2008 Information Center: Barack Obama". Gannett News Service. Retrieved April 28, 2008. ^ "Obamas choose private Sidwell Friends School". International Herald Tribune. November 22, 2008. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2015. ^ Cooper, Helene (April 13, 2009). "One Obama Search Ends With a Puppy Named Bo". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2010. ^ Feldmann, Linda (August 20, 2013). "New little girl arrives at White House. Meet Sunny Obama. (+video)". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved August 20, 2013. ^ Wang, Amy (May 8, 2021). "Obamas announce death of dog Bo, 'a true friend and loyal companion'". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 8, 2021. ^ Silva, Mark (August 25, 2008). "Barack Obama: White Sox 'serious' ball". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008.

text

dffe618168c55380c67f8acac32eac00

^ "Obama throws ceremonial first pitch at All-Star game". CNN Politics. Retrieved December 20, 2022. ^ Branigin, William (January 30, 2009). "Steelers Win Obama's Approval". The Washington Post. But other than the Bears, the Steelers are probably the team that's closest to my heart. ^ Mayer, Larry (October 7, 2011). "1985 Bears honored by President Obama". Chicago Bears. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2012. ^ Kantor, Jodi (June 1, 2007). "One Place Where Obama Goes Elbow to Elbow". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2008. See also: "The Love of the Game" (video). Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel. HBO. April 15, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2011. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Kirkpatrick, David D.; Shane, Scott (January 22, 2009). "On First Day, Obama Quickly Sets a New Tone". The New York Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved September 7, 2012. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (December 24, 2005). "The first time around: Sen. Obama's freshman year". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2008. ^ Slevin, Peter (December 17, 2006).

text

3575517e536f31ba6582e7eecab503e6

"Obama says he regrets land deal with fundraiser". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 10, 2008. Robinson, Mike (June 4, 2008). "Rezko found guilty in corruption case". NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved June 24, 2008. ^ Harris, Marlys (December 7, 2007). "Obama's Money". CNNMoney. Archived from the original on April 24, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.See also:Goldfarb, Zachary A (March 24, 2007). "Measuring Wealth of the '08 Candidates". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 28, 2008. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (April 17, 2008). "Book Sales Lifted Obamas' Income in 2007 to a Total of $4.2 Million". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2008. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Hilzenrath, David S. (April 16, 2010). "Obamas report $5.5 million in income on 2009 tax return". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2010. ^ Solman, Paul (April 18, 2011). "How Much Did President Obama Make in 2010?". PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on May 2, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2012. ^ Solman, Paul (April 27, 2011). "The Obamas Gave $131,000 to Fisher House Foundation in 2010; What Is It?". PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on January 29, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2012.

text

d06b0c92d0c4805f53a6ed9c8412e686

^ Wolf, Richard (May 16, 2012). "Obama worth as much as $10 million". USA Today. Retrieved June 16, 2012. ^ Bearak, Max (June 19, 2016). "The fascinating tribal tradition that gave Obama his last name". Washington Post. Retrieved November 20, 2022. ^ "American President: Barack Obama". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. 2009. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2009. Religion: Christian "The Truth about Barack's Faith" (PDF). Obama for America. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2012. Miller, Lisa (July 18, 2008). "Finding his faith". Newsweek. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2010. He is now a Christian, having been baptized in the early 1990s at Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago. Barakat, Matthew (November 17, 2008). "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized; D.C. churches have started extending invitations to Obama and his family". NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved January 20, 2009. The United Church of Christ, the denomination from which Obama resigned when he left Wright's church, issued a written invitation to join a UCC denomination in Washington and resume his connections to the church.

text

62307ebe13bc4c43558e158778fbc95b

"Barack Obama, long time UCC member, inaugurated forty-fourth U.S. President". United Church of Christ. January 20, 2009. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved January 21, 2009. Barack Obama, who spent more than 20 years as a UCC member, is the forty-fourth President of the United States. Sullivan, Amy (June 29, 2009). "The Obama's find a church home—away from home". Time. Archived from the original on April 4, 2010. Retrieved February 5, 2010. instead of joining a congregation in Washington, D.C., he will follow in George W. Bush's footsteps and make his primary place of worship Evergreen Chapel, the nondenominational church at Camp David. Kornblut, Anne E. (February 4, 2010). "Obama's spirituality is largely private, but it's influential, advisers say". The Washington Post. p. A6. Retrieved February 5, 2010. Obama prays privately ... And when he takes his family to Camp David on the weekends, a Navy chaplain ministers to them, with the daughters attending a form of Sunday school there. ^ Obama (2006), pp. 202–208. Portions excerpted in: Obama, Barack (October 16, 2006). "My Spiritual Journey". Time. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008. Obama, Barack (June 28, 2006).

text

738905acb45d398368d8483a658f17cf

"'Call to Renewal' Keynote Address". Barack Obama: U.S. Senator for Illinois. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2008. ^ Pulliam, Sarah; Olsen, Ted (January 23, 2008). "Q&A: Barack Obama". Christianity Today. Retrieved January 4, 2013. ^ Babington, Charles; Superville, Darlene (September 28, 2010). "Obama 'Christian By Choice': President Responds To Questioner". The Huffington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. ^ "President Obama: 'I am a Christian By Choice ... The Precepts of Jesus Spoke to Me'". ABC News. September 29, 2010. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2016. ^ Garrett, Major; Obama, Barack (March 14, 2008). "Obama talks to Major Garrett on 'Hannity & Colmes'". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved November 10, 2012. Major Garrett, Fox News correspondent: So the first question, how long have you been a member in good standing of that church? Sen. Barack Obama (D-IL), presidential candidate: You know, I've been a member since 1991 or '92.

text

9ac7fafffddf540e020e158de81d0719

And—but I have known Trinity even before then when I was a community organizer on the South Side, helping steel workers find jobs ... Garrett: As a member in good standing, were you a regular attendee of Sunday services? Obama: You know, I won't say that I was a perfect attendee. I was regular in spurts, because there was times when, for example, our child had just been born, our first child. And so we didn't go as regularly then. "Obama strongly denounces former pastor". NBC News. Associated Press. April 29, 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2012. I have been a member of Trinity United Church of Christ since 1992, and have known Reverend Wright for 20 years. The person I saw yesterday was not the person [whom] I met 20 years ago. Miller, Lisa (July 11, 2008). "Finding his faith". Newsweek. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2012. He is now a Christian, having been baptized in the early 1990s at Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago. Remnick, David (2010). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-4000-4360-6.

text

7c275a03c87ed4325aee26a5b6f74031

In late October 1987, his third year as an organizer, Obama went with Kellman to a conference on the black church and social justice at the Harvard Divinity School. Maraniss (2012), p. 557: It would take time for Obama to join and become fully engaged in Wright's church, a place where he would be baptized and married; that would not happen until later, during his second time around in Chicago, but the process started then, in October 1987 ... Jerry Kellman: "He wasn't a member of the church during those first three years, but he was drawn to Jeremiah."Peter, Baker (2017). Obama: The Call of History. New York: The New York Times Company/Callaway. ISBN 978-0-935112-90-0. OCLC 1002264033. ^ "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized". NBC News. Associated Press. November 17, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2009. ^ Parker, Ashley (December 28, 2013). "As the Obamas Celebrate Christmas, Rituals of Faith Become Less Visible". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2017. ^ Gilgoff, Dan (June 30, 2009). "TIME Report, White House Reaction Raise More Questions About Obama's Church Hunt". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved January 15, 2017.

text

ff9031fa7abaa0ca0648da1452df7e94

^ "First Lady: We Use Sundays For Naps If We're Not Going To Church". CBS DC. Associated Press. April 22, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2017. ^ "Revealed: Obama always carries Hanuman statuette in pocket". The Hindu. January 16, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2021. ^ "Obama Reveals Personal Faith-Related Items, Including Rosary Beads, Buddha Statuette". NBC News. Retrieved December 20, 2022. ^ Gore, D'Angelo (June 14, 2012). "The Obamas' Law Licenses". FactCheck.org. Retrieved July 16, 2012. ^ Robinson, Mike (February 20, 2007). "Obama got start in civil rights practice". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Pallasch, Abdon M. (December 17, 2007). "As lawyer, Obama was strong, silent type; He was 'smart, innovative, relentless,' and he mostly let other lawyers do the talking". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 4. Retrieved June 15, 2008.(subscription required) Morain, Dan (April 6, 2008). "Obama's law days effective but brief". Los Angeles Times. p. A14. Retrieved February 14, 2010. "Document". Chicago Tribune. June 27, 1993. p. 9 (Business). Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2008.(subscription required) "Business appointments". Chicago-Sun-Times. July 5, 1993. p. 40. Retrieved June 15, 2008.(subscription required) Ripley, Amanda (November 3, 2004). "Obama's ascent". Time.

text

a49a4e80b5d80b032ad75d6c66c54d4b

Archived from the original on August 11, 2010. Retrieved February 13, 2010. "About us". Miner, Barnhill & Galland—Chicago, Illinois. 2008. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Reardon, Patrick T. (June 25, 2008). "Obama's Chicago". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Tempo). Retrieved February 13, 2010. Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 438–439. Mendell (2007), pp. 104–106. ^ Jackson, David; Long, Ray (April 3, 2007). "Obama Knows His Way Around a Ballot". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2012. White, Jesse (2001). "Legislative Districts of Cook County, 1991 Reapportionment" (PDF). Illinois Blue Book 2001–2002. Springfield: Illinois Secretary of State. p. 65. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2011. State Sen. District 13 = State Rep. Districts 25 & 26. ^ Slevin, Peter (February 9, 2007). "Obama Forged Political Mettle in Illinois Capitol". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2008. ^ Helman, Scott (September 23, 2007). "In Illinois, Obama dealt with Lobbyists". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. See also:"Obama Record May Be Gold Mine for Critics". CBS News. Associated Press. January 17, 2007.

text

6b1b4b8301b2378f7b71a81eb3ee70f6

Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b Scott, Janny (July 30, 2007). "In Illinois, Obama Proved Pragmatic and Shrewd". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. ^ Allison, Melissa (December 15, 2000). "State takes on predatory lending; Rules would halt single-premium life insurance financing" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Business). Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008. ^ Long, Ray; Allison, Melissa (April 18, 2001). "Illinois OKs predatory loan curbs; State aims to avert home foreclosures". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original (paid archive) on December 18, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008. ^ "13th District: Barack Obama". Illinois State Senate Democrats. August 24, 2000. Archived from the original on August 24, 2000. Retrieved April 20, 2008. ^ "13th District: Barack Obama". Illinois State Senate Democrats. October 9, 2004. Archived from the original on August 2, 2004. Retrieved April 20, 2008. ^ "Federal Elections 2000: U.S. House Results—Illinois". Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008. Retrieved April 24, 2008. Gonyea, Dan (September 19, 2007).

text

17af2b2096c220ba2c0c4635ee6a6570

"Obama's Loss May Have Aided White House Bid". NPR. Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. Scott, Janny (September 9, 2007). "A Streetwise Veteran Schooled Young Obama". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 21, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. McClelland, Edward (February 12, 2007). "How Obama Learned to Be a Natural". Salon. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. Wolffe, Richard; Briscoe, Daren (July 16, 2007). "Across the Divide". Newsweek. Archived from the original on April 18, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. Helman, Scott (October 12, 2007). "Early Defeat Launched a Rapid Political Climb". The Boston Globe. Retrieved April 20, 2008. Wills, Christopher (October 24, 2007). "Obama learned from failed Congress run". USA Today. Retrieved November 15, 2010. ^ Calmes, Jackie (February 23, 2007). "Statehouse Yields Clues to Obama". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 18, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. ^ Tavella, Anne Marie (April 14, 2003). "Profiling, taping plans pass Senate" (paid archive). Daily Herald. p. 17. Retrieved June 1, 2008. ^ Haynes, V. Dion (June 29, 2003). "Fight racial profiling at local level, lawmaker says; U.S. guidelines get mixed review" (paid archive).

text

484e9c93e22de782b6e09b969c78672e

Chicago Tribune. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008. ^ Pearson, Rick (July 17, 2003). "Taped confessions to be law; State will be 1st to pass legislation". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Metro). Archived from the original (paid archive) on December 18, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008. ^ Youngman, Sam; Blake, Aaron (March 14, 2007). "Obama's Crime Votes Are Fodder for Rivals". The Hill. Retrieved May 18, 2012. See also: "US Presidential Candidate Obama Cites Work on State Death Penalty Reforms". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. November 12, 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2012. ^ Coffee, Melanie (November 6, 2004). "Attorney Chosen to Fill Obama's State Senate Seat". HPKCC. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. ^ Helman, Scott (October 12, 2007). "Early defeat launched a rapid political climb". The Boston Globe. p. 1A. Retrieved April 13, 2008. ^ Strausberg, Chinta (September 26, 2002). "Opposition to war mounts". Chicago Defender. p. 1. Archived from the original (paid archive) on May 11, 2011. Retrieved February 3, 2008. ^ Office of the Press Secretary (October 2, 2002).

text

ed9d713e5025b8e9629cb6ab2d1c29f7

"President, House leadership agree on Iraq resolution". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved February 18, 2008 – via National Archives. Tackett, Michael (October 3, 2002). "Bush, House OK Iraq deal; Congress marches with Bush". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2008.(subscription required) ^ Glauber, Bill (October 3, 2003). "War protesters gentler, but passion still burns". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2008.(subscription required) Strausberg, Chinta (October 3, 2002). "War with Iraq undermines U.N". Chicago Defender. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 14, 2009. Retrieved October 28, 2008. Photo caption: Left Photo: Sen. Barack Obama along with Rev. Jesse Jackson spoke to nearly 3,000 anti-war protestors (below) during a rally at Federal Plaza Wednesday. Katz, Marilyn (October 2, 2007). "Five years since our first action". Chicagoans Against War & Injustice. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2008. Bryant, Greg; Vaughn, Jane B. (October 3, 2002). "300 attend rally against Iraq war". Daily Herald. p. 8. Retrieved October 28, 2008.(subscription required) Mendell (2007), pp. 172–177. ^ Obama, Barack (October 2, 2002). "Remarks of Illinois State Sen. Barack Obama against going to war with Iraq". Barack Obama.

text

1c7e345a04618f3ea74755bd6646b323

Archived from the original on January 30, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2008. McCormick, John (October 3, 2007). "Obama marks '02 war speech; Contender highlights his early opposition in an effort to distinguish him from his rivals". Chicago Tribune. p. 7. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2008. The top strategist for Sen. Barack Obama has just 14 seconds of video of what is one of the most pivotal moments of the presidential candidate's political career. The video, obtained from a Chicago TV station, is of Obama's 2002 speech in opposition to the impending Iraq invasion.(subscription required) Pallasch, Abdon M. (October 3, 2007). "Obama touts anti-war cred; Kicks off tour 5 years after speech critical of going to Iraq". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 26. Retrieved October 28, 2008.(subscription required) ^ Ritter, Jim (March 17, 2003). "Anti-war rally here draws thousands". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 3. Retrieved February 3, 2008. (subscription required) Office of the Press Secretary (March 16, 2003). "President Bush: Monday 'moment of truth' for world on Iraq". whitehouse.gov (Press release). Retrieved February 18, 2008 – via National Archives. ^ Davey, Monica (March 7, 2004).

text

5ef08c2cb3fa358f831d53d6bcf96b65

"Closely watched Illinois Senate race attracts 7 candidates in millionaire range". The New York Times. p. 19. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved April 13, 2008. ^ Mendell, David (March 17, 2004). "Obama routs Democratic foes; Ryan tops crowded GOP field; Hynes, Hull fall far short across state". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved March 1, 2009. Davey, Monica (March 18, 2004). "As quickly as overnight, a Democratic star is born". The New York Times. p. A20. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved March 1, 2009. Howlett, Debbie (March 19, 2004). "Dems see a rising star in Illinois Senate candidate". USA Today. p. A04. Retrieved March 1, 2009. Scheiber, Noam (May 31, 2004). "Race against history. Barack Obama's miraculous campaign". The New Republic. Vol. 230, no. 20. pp. 21–22, 24–26 (cover story). Retrieved March 24, 2009. Finnegan, William (May 31, 2004). "The Candidate. How far can Barack Obama go?". The New Yorker. Vol. 20, no. 14. pp. 32–38. Retrieved March 24, 2009. Dionne, E.J. Jr. (June 25, 2004). "In Illinois, a star prepares". The Washington Post. p. A29. Retrieved March 24, 2009. Scott, Janny (May 18, 2008). "The story of Obama, written by Obama".

text

7486018e973647da71e1512c53893a36

The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 9, 2010. Mendell (2007), pp. 235–259. ^ Bernstein, David (June 2007). "The Speech". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved April 13, 2008. ^ "Star Power. Showtime: Some are on the rise; others have long been fixtures in the firmament. A galaxy of bright Democratic lights". Newsweek. August 2, 2004. pp. 48–51. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Samuel, Terence (August 2, 2004). "A shining star named Obama. How a most unlikely politician became a darling of the Democrats". U.S. News & World Report. p. 25. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Lizza, Ryan (September 2004). "Why is Barack Obama generating more excitement among Democrats than John Kerry?". The Atlantic Monthly. pp. 30, 33. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Davey, Monica (July 26, 2004). "A surprise Senate contender reaches his biggest stage yet". The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on May 7, 2009. Retrieved November 25, 2010. Leibovich, Mark (July 27, 2004). "The other man of the hour". The Washington Post. p. C1. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Milligan, Susan (July 27, 2004). "In Obama, Democrats see their future". The Boston Globe.

text

ae285e8eed59852d0a5c196396c2c845

p. B8. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Seelye, Katharine Q. (July 28, 2004). "Illinois Senate nominee speaks of encompassing unity". The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on June 24, 2006. Broder, David S. (July 28, 2004). "Democrats focus on healing divisions; Addressing convention, newcomers set themes". The Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Bing, Jonathan; McClintock, Pamela (July 29, 2004). "Auds resist charms of Dem stars". Variety. p. 1. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Mendell (2007), pp. 272–285. ^ "Ryan drops out of Senate race in Illinois". CNN. June 25, 2004. Retrieved May 18, 2012. Mendell (2007), pp. 260–271. ^ Lannan, Maura Kelly (August 9, 2004). "Alan Keyes enters U.S. Senate race in Illinois against rising Democratic star". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 14, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2008. ^ "America Votes 2004: U.S. Senate / Illinois". CNN. 2005. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2008. Slevin, Peter (November 13, 2007). "For Obama, a handsome payoff in political gambles". The Washington Post. p. A3. Retrieved April 13, 2008. Chase, John; Mendell, David (November 3, 2004).

text

145faab5665e83c064a062b627f5feff

"Obama scores a record landslide" (PDF). Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2009. Fornek, Scott (November 3, 2004). "Obama takes Senate seat in a landslide". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 6. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2009. ^ United States Congress. "Barack Obama (id: o000167)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 12, 2011. ^ "Member Info". Congressional Black Caucus. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2008. ^ "Lugar–Obama Nonproliferation Legislation Signed into Law by the President". Richard Lugar U.S. Senate Office. January 11, 2007. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. See also: Lugar, Richard G.; Obama, Barack (December 3, 2005). "Junkyard Dogs of War". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ McCormack, John (December 21, 2007). "Google Government Gone Viral". Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. See also: "President Bush Signs Coburn–Obama Transparency Act". Tom Coburn U.S. Senate Office. September 26, 2006. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008.

text

4a8acfca00fde465e361728d016721a0

^ "S. 3077: Strengthening Transparency and Accountability in Federal Spending Act of 2008: 2007–2008 (110th Congress)". Govtrack.us. June 3, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2012. ^ U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session (May 12, 2005). "S. 1033, Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act". Library of Congress. Retrieved February 25, 2017. ^ "Democratic Republic of the Congo". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. April 2006. Archived from the original on January 8, 2011. Retrieved January 26, 2012. ^ "The IRC Welcomes New U.S. Law on Congo". International Rescue Committee. January 5, 2007. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ Weixel, Nathaniel (November 15, 2007). "Feingold, Obama Go After Corporate Jet Travel". The Hill. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ Weixel, Nathaniel (December 5, 2007). "Lawmakers Press FEC on Bundling Regulation". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. See also: "Federal Election Commission Announces Plans to Issue New Regulations to Implement the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007". Federal Election Commission. September 24, 2007. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008.

text

39c047e03a2e46d432f0a6e54f218555

^ "Obama, Bond Hail New Safeguards on Military Personality Disorder Discharges, Urge Further Action". Kit Bond U.S. Senate Office. October 1, 2007. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ "Obama, Bond Applaud Senate Passage of Amendment to Expedite the Review of Personality Disorder Discharge Cases". March 14, 2008. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. ^ "Iran Sanctions Enabling Act of 2009 (2009—S. 1065)". GovTrack.us. Retrieved August 27, 2018. ^ "Obama, Schiff Provision to Create Nuclear Threat Reduction Plan Approved" (Press release). Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. December 20, 2007. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. ^ "Senate Passes Obama, McCaskill Legislation to Provide Safety Net for Families of Wounded Service Members". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. August 2, 2007. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ "Committee Assignments". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. December 9, 2006. Archived from the original on December 9, 2006. Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ "Obama Gets New Committee Assignments". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. Associated Press. November 15, 2006. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ Baldwin, Tom (December 21, 2007).

text

5f173a599483712f8201d74ac45b645b

"'Stay at home' Barack Obama comes under fire for a lack of foreign experience". Sunday Times (UK). Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ Larson, Christina (September 2006). "Hoosier Daddy: What Rising Democratic Star Barack Obama Can Learn from an Old Lion of the GOP". Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. Goudie, Chuck (January 12, 2006). "Obama Meets with Arafat's Successor". Chicago: WLS-TV. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014. Retrieved April 27, 2008. "Obama Slates Kenya for Fraud". Cape Town: News24. August 28, 2006. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. Wamalwa, Chris (September 2, 2006). "Envoy Hits at Obama Over Graft Remark". The Standard (Nairobi). Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved April 27, 2008. Moracha, Vincent; Mosota, Mangoa (September 4, 2006). "Leaders Support Obama on Graft Claims". The Standard. Nairobi. Archived from the original on October 7, 2007. ^ Mason, Jeff (November 16, 2008). "Obama resigns Senate seat, thanks Illinois". Reuters. Retrieved March 10, 2009. ^ Jump up to: a b Pearson, Rick; Long, Ray (February 10, 2007). "Obama: I'm running for president". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 13, 2007.

text

48a09bb58e8360e187960b57d4bc7438

Retrieved September 20, 2008. ^ "Obama Launches Presidential Bid". BBC News. February 10, 2007. Archived from the original on February 2, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2008. ^ Parsons, Christi (February 10, 2007). "Obama's launch site: Symbolic Springfield: Announcement venue evokes Lincoln legacy". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2009. ^ "Barack Obama on the Issues: What Would Be Your Top Three Overall Priorities If Elected?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved April 14, 2008. See also: Thomas, Evan (2009). A Long Time Coming. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-58648-607-5. Falcone, Michael (December 21, 2007). "Obama's 'One Thing'". The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2008. ^ Tumulty, Karen (May 8, 2008). "The Five Mistakes Clinton Made". Time. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved November 11, 2008. Baker, Peter; Rutenberg, Jim (June 8, 2008). "The Long Road to a Clinton Exit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2008. ^ Nagourney, Adam; Zeleny, Jeff (June 5, 2008). "Clinton to End Bid and Endorse Obama". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008.

text

c01e820bd8c8865f76de9fcf094daf0a

Retrieved November 20, 2010. ^ Jump up to: a b Nagourney, Adam; Zeleny, Jeff (August 23, 2008). "Obama Chooses Biden as Running Mate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved September 20, 2008. ^ Baldwin, Tom (August 27, 2008). "Hillary Clinton: 'Barack is my candidate'". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved December 15, 2021. ^ Nagourney, Adam (August 28, 2008). "Obama Wins Nomination; Biden and Bill Clinton Rally Party". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008. Retrieved December 15, 2021. ^ Liasson, Mara; Norris, Michele (July 7, 2008). "Obama To Accept Nomination at Mile High Stadium". NPR. Retrieved December 22, 2010. ^ "Obama accepts Democrat nomination". BBC News. August 29, 2008. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2008. Marks, Alexandra (August 29, 2008). "Soaring speech from Obama, plus some specifics". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on March 14, 2010. ^ Lloyd, Robert (August 29, 2008). "Barack Obama, Al Gore Raise the Roof at Invesco Field". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 29, 2008. ^ Malone, Jim (July 2, 2007). "Obama Fundraising Suggests Close Race for Party Nomination". Voice of America.

text

df51b42a876dc197cdb338d430632dd0

Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Cummings, Jeanne (September 26, 2007). "Small Donors Rewrite Fundraising Handbook". Politico. Archived from the original on February 1, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2008. Cadei, Emily (February 21, 2008). "Obama Outshines Other Candidates in January Fundraising". CQ Politics. Archived from the original on June 13, 2008. ^ Salant, Jonathan D. (June 19, 2008). "Obama Won't Accept Public Money in Election Campaign". Bloomberg. Retrieved June 19, 2008. ^ "Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Sites, Dates, Formats and Candidate Selection Criteria for 2008 General Election" (Press release). Commission on Presidential Debates. November 19, 2007. Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. "Gun Ruling Reverberates". Hartford Courant. June 27, 2008. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2008. ^ Johnson, Alex (November 4, 2008). "Barack Obama elected 44th president". NBC News. Retrieved February 20, 2009. "CNN Electoral Map Calculator—Election Center 2008". CNN. 2008. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved December 14, 2008. ^ "General Election: McCain vs. Obama". Real Clear Politics. Archived from the original on February 17, 2009. Retrieved February 20, 2009. ^ Johnson, Wesley (November 5, 2008). "Change has come, says President-elect Obama". The Independent. London.

text

b7383b2fb1dfe85984201be54123302d

Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008. ^ "U.S. Senate: Senators Who Became President". senate.gov. Retrieved August 27, 2021. ^ Shear, Michael D. (April 4, 2011). "Obama Begins Re-Election Facing New Political Challenges". The New York Times (blog). Archived from the original on April 5, 2011. ^ "Obama announces re-election bid". United Press International. April 4, 2011. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. ^ Zeleny, Jeff & Calmes, Jackie (April 4, 2011). "Obama Opens 2012 Campaign, With Eye on Money and Independent Voters". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2011. ^ Yoon, Robert (April 3, 2012). "Leading presidential candidate to clinch nomination Tuesday". CNN (blog). Retrieved May 2, 2012. ^ "Obama clinches Democratic nomination". CNN (blog). April 3, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012. ^ Cohen, Tom (September 6, 2012). "Clinton says Obama offers a better path forward for America". CNN. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Lauter, David (November 8, 2012). "Romney campaign gives up in Florida". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Barnes, Robert (November 6, 2012). "Obama wins a second term as U.S. president".

text

af369daadf1129f9a6a901e0a0dd623e

The Washington Post. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Welch, William M.; Strauss, Gary (November 7, 2012). "With win in critical battleground states, Obama wins second term". USA Today. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ FEC (July 2013). "Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives" (PDF). Federal Elections Commission. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013. ^ Brownstein, Ronald (November 9, 2012). "The U.S. has reached a demographic milestone—and it's not turning back". National Journal. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Nichols, John (November 9, 2012). "Obama's 3 Million Vote, Electoral College Landslide, Majority of States Mandate". The Nation. Retrieved November 18, 2012. ^ Lee, Kristen A. (November 7, 2012). "Election 2012: President Obama gives victory speech in front of thousands in Chicago, 'I have never been more hopeful about America'". Daily News. New York. Retrieved November 8, 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b Shear, Michael (January 21, 2013). "Obama Offers Liberal Vision: 'We Must Act'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2013.

text

61282705d2f9fe1fb36ae10c2bc4836a

^ Gearan, Anne; Baldor, Lolita C. (January 23, 2009). "Obama asks Pentagon for responsible Iraq drawdown". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. Retrieved February 23, 2020. ^ Glaberson, William (January 21, 2009). "Obama Orders Halt to Prosecutions at Guantánamo". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2009. ^ "Senate blocks transfer of Gitmo detainees", NBC News, Associated Press, May 20, 2009, retrieved March 22, 2011 ^ Serbu, Jared (January 7, 2011), "Obama signs Defense authorization bill", Federal News Radio, retrieved March 22, 2011 ^ Northam, Jackie (January 23, 2013). "Obama's Promise To Close Guantanamo Prison Falls Short". NPR. Retrieved April 22, 2013. ^ Savage, Charlie (December 30, 2009). "Obama Curbs Secrecy of Classified Documents". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2022. ^ Meckler, Laura (January 24, 2009). "Obama lifts 'gag rule' on family-planning groups". The Wall Street Journal. p. A3. Retrieved September 21, 2012. Stein, Rob; Shear, Michael (January 24, 2009). "Funding restored to groups that perform abortions, other care". The Washington Post. p. A3. Retrieved September 21, 2012.

text

32e145665940de4ee307c14035e039ea

Lifting the Mexico City Policy would not permit U.S. tax dollars to be used for abortions, but it would allow funding to resume to groups that provide other services, including counseling about abortions. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (January 30, 2009). "Obama Signs Equal-Pay Legislation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009. ^ Levey, Noam N. (February 5, 2009). "Obama signs into law expansion of SCHIP health care program for children". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009. ^ "Obama overturns Bush policy on stem cells". CNN. March 9, 2009. Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2010. ^ Desjardins, Lisa; Keck, Kristi; Mears, Bill (August 6, 2009). "Senate confirms Sotomayor for Supreme Court". CNN. Retrieved August 6, 2009. ^ Hamby, Peter; Henry, Ed; Malveaux, Suzanne; Mears, Bill. "Obama nominates Sotomayor to Supreme Court". Retrieved September 13, 2014. ^ Sherman, Mark (October 4, 2010). "New Era Begins on High Court: Kagan Takes Place as Third Woman". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2010. ^ Block, Robert; Matthews, Mark K. (January 27, 2010).

text

13b875798f287981660a43e744ca4f9d

"White House won't fund NASA moon program". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 30, 2011. President Obama's budget proposal includes no money for the Ares I and Ares V rocket or Constellation program. Instead, NASA would be asked to monitor climate change and develop a new rocket ^ Mardell, Mark (January 16, 2013). "US gun debate: Obama unveils gun control proposals". BBC News. Retrieved January 16, 2013. ^ "What's in Obama's Gun Control Proposal". The New York Times. January 16, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013. ^ Jump up to: a b "Obama announces gun control executive action (full transcript)". CNN. January 5, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016. ^ "Obama, in Europe, signs Patriot Act extension". NBC News. May 27, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2019. ^ Wolf, Z. Byron (August 13, 2013). "Fact-checking Obama's claims about Snowden". CNN. Retrieved August 8, 2019. ^ Hosenball, Mark (April 3, 2014). "Obama's NSA overhaul may require phone carriers to store more data". Reuters. Retrieved August 8, 2019. ^ Ackerman, Spencer (January 17, 2014). "Obama to overhaul NSA's bulk storage of Americans' telephone data". The Guardian. Retrieved August 12, 2019. ^ Jump up to: a b c Roth, Kenneth (January 9, 2017).

text

ea2e56d7087af19f59d2946599806db

"Barack Obama's Shaky Legacy on Human Rights". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved June 26, 2022. ^ Dyson, Michael Eric (2016). The Black Presidency: Barack Obama and the Politics of Race in America. p. 275. ISBN 978-0544387669. ^ Gillion, Daniel Q. (2016). Governing with Words. Cambridge Core. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316412299. ISBN 9781316412299. Retrieved June 5, 2019. ^ Butler, Bennett; Mendelberg, Tali; Haines, Pavielle E. (2019). ""I'm Not the President of Black America": Rhetorical versus Policy Representation". Perspectives on Politics. 17 (4): 1038–1058. doi:10.1017/S1537592719000963. ISSN 1537-5927. ^ Jump up to: a b Rodgers, Walter (January 5, 2010). "A year into Obama's presidency, is America postracial?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved November 15, 2015. ^ Shear, Michael; Alcindor, Yamiche (January 14, 2017). "Jolted by Deaths, Obama Found His Voice on Race". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2017. ^ Cillizza, Chris (August 14, 2014). "President Obama's vision of post-racial America faces another stress test with Ferguson". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 15, 2015. ^ Blake, John (July 1, 2016). "What black America won't miss about Obama". CNN. Archived from the original on October 3, 2022. ^ Cillizza, Chris (July 19, 2013). "President Obama's remarkably personal speech on Trayvon Martin and race in America".

text

bd9a7ca0171e833221b041c60deb3be

The Washington Post. Retrieved November 15, 2015. ^ Jump up to: a b Capeheart, Jonathan (February 27, 2015). "From Trayvon Martin to 'black lives matter'". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 15, 2015. ^ Bacon, Perry Jr. (January 3, 2015). "In Wake of Police Shootings, Obama Speaks More Bluntly About Race". NBC. Retrieved November 15, 2015. ^ Hirschfield Davis, Julie (July 13, 2016). "Obama Urges Civil Rights Activists and Police to Bridge Divide". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2016. ^ "U.S. Worries About Race Relations Reach a New High". Gallup. April 11, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2016. ^ "Obama signs hate crimes bill into law". CNN. October 28, 2009. Retrieved October 12, 2011. ^ Preston, Julia (October 30, 2009). "Obama Lifts a Ban on Entry Into U.S. by H.I.V.-Positive People". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 7, 2010. Retrieved February 8, 2017. ^ "'Don't ask, don't tell' repealed as Obama signs landmark law". The Guardian. London. December 22, 2010. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2018. ^ Sheryl Gay Stolberg (December 23, 2010). "Obama Signs Away 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'". The New York Times.

text

1cca7e5cd4372cd753f1cdb658760d53

Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. ^ Jump up to: a b Redden, Molly; Holpuch, Amanda (June 30, 2016). "US military ends ban on transgender service members". The Guardian. ^ Baim, Tracy (January 14, 2009). "Windy City Times exclusive: Obama's Marriage Views Changed. WCT Examines His Step Back". Windy City Times. Retrieved May 10, 2012. ^ Baim, Tracy (February 4, 2004). "Obama Seeks U.S. Senate seat". Windy City Times. Retrieved May 10, 2012. ^ "President Barack Obama's shifting stance on gay marriage". PolitiFact. Retrieved November 28, 2018. ^ Daly, Corbett (May 9, 2012). "Obama backs same-sex marriage". CBS News. Retrieved May 9, 2012. ^ Stein, Sam (May 9, 2012). "Obama Backs Gay Marriage". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Robillard, Kevin (January 21, 2013). "First inaugural use of the word 'gay'". Politico. Retrieved January 21, 2013. ^ Michelson, Noah (January 21, 2013). "Obama Inauguration Speech Makes History With Mention of Gay Rights Struggle, Stonewall Uprising". The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2013. ^ Reilly, Ryan J. (February 28, 2013). "Obama Administration: Gay Marriage Ban Unconstitutional In Prop. 8 Supreme Court Case". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 21, 2013. ^ Mears, Bill (February 27, 2013).

text

1b3a170441cad45407e9d5d6d4fbbd2a

"Obama administration weighs in on defense of marriage law". CNN. Retrieved April 21, 2013. ^ "Stimulus package en route to Obama's desk". CNN. February 14, 2009. Archived from the original on March 30, 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2009. ^ "Obama's remarks on signing the stimulus plan". CNN. February 17, 2009. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved February 17, 2009. ^ Andrews, Edmund L.; Dash, Eric (March 23, 2009). "U.S. Expands Plan to Buy Banks' Troubled Assets". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 25, 2009. Retrieved April 12, 2010. "Wall Street soars 7% on bank plan debut". Reuters. March 23, 2009. ^ "White House questions viability of GM, Chrysler". The Huffington Post. March 30, 2009. Archived from the original on April 7, 2009. ^ Bunkley, Nick; Vlasic, Bill (April 27, 2009). "Chrysler and Union Agree to Deal Before Federal Deadline". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 28, 2009. Retrieved April 12, 2010. ^ Hughes, John; Salas, Caroline; Green, Jeff; Van Voris, Bob (June 1, 2009). "GM Begins Bankruptcy Process With Filing for Affiliate". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on June 13, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2015.

text

6afd8d1c05b7276a49282dc5c4a6bf52

^ Conkey, Christopher; Radnofsky, Louise (June 9, 2009). "Obama Presses Cabinet to Speed Stimulus Spending". The Wall Street Journal. News Corp. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Hedgpeth, Dana (August 21, 2009). "U.S. Says 'Cash for Clunkers' Program Will End on Monday". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 26, 2010. ^ Szczesny, Joseph R. (August 26, 2009). "Was Cash for Clunkers a Success?". Time. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved March 26, 2010. ^ Mian, Atif R.; Sufi, Amir (September 1, 2010). "The Effects of Fiscal Stimulus: Evidence from the 2009 'Cash for Clunkers' Program". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 127 (3): 1107–1142. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1670759. S2CID 219352572. SSRN 1670759. ^ Goldman, David (April 6, 2009). "CNNMoney.com's bailout tracker". CNNMoney. Vol. 06. p. 20. Retrieved March 26, 2010. ^ Stein, Sylvie. "First Read—A breakdown of the debt-limit legislation". MSNBC. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2011. ^ "House passes debt ceiling bill". NBC News. March 8, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011. ^ Theodossiou, Eleni; Hipple, Steven F. (2011). "Unemployment Remains High in 2010" (PDF). Monthly Labor Review. 134 (3): 3–22.

text

76aae044cfb680737408158994a8f022

Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2011. ^ Eddlemon, John P. (2011). "Payroll Employment Turns the Corner in 2010" (PDF). Monthly Labor Review. 134 (3): 23–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 6, 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2011. ^ "Unemployment Rate". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved December 11, 2012. ^ "Unemployment Rate". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved January 10, 2014. ^ "Unemployment Rate". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved June 6, 2014. ^ Jump up to: a b "Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product (Quarterly)". National Income and Product Accounts Table. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2011. ^ Harding, Robin (July 28, 2010). "Beige Book survey reports signs of slowdown". Financial Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010. ^ "Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product (Annual)". National Income and Product Accounts Table. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2011. ^ "Unemployment Rate". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved September 12, 2018. ^ "1-month net change in employment". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved September 12, 2018.

text

924836648a24ea2098ae4b6d4976afee

^ Jump up to: a b "Estimated Impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act on Employment and Economic Output". Congressional Budget Office. November 22, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b Calmes, Jackie; Cooper, Michael (November 20, 2009). "New Consensus Sees Stimulus Package as Worthy Step". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2010. ^ "CBO: Stimulus created as many as 2.1 million jobs". February 23, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2010. ^ Isidore, Chris (January 29, 2010). "Best economic growth in six years". CNN. Retrieved April 18, 2010. ^ "New NABE Survey Shows Business Recovery Gaining Momentum, with More Jobs Ahead". Archived from the original on May 2, 2010. Retrieved April 26, 2010. ^ "U.S. GDP Growth Relative to Original NATO Members". Politics that Work. March 9, 2015. ^ Chapple, Irene (May 29, 2013). "OECD: U.S. will recover faster, Europe faces unemployment crisis". CNN. ^ Herszenhorn, David M.; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (December 7, 2010). "Democrats Skeptical of Obama on New Tax Plan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2010. ^ "Obama signs tax deal into law". CNN. December 17, 2010.

text

1bed7b579ebb62e8f192152b3ccc9115

Retrieved December 17, 2010. ^ Kuhnhenn, Jim (December 4, 2013). "Obama: Income Inequality a Defining Challenge". Associated Press. Retrieved January 9, 2014. ^ "President Obama uses his final months to bring congressional approval of a 12-nation free trade pact called the Trans-Pacific Partnership". CBS News. September 5, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2016. ^ "Obama Halts Drilling Projects, Defends Actions". NPR. May 27, 2010. ^ Jonsson, Patrik (May 29, 2010). "Gulf oil spill: Obama's big political test". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on June 1, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2010. ^ Neuman, Scott (March 31, 2010). "Obama Ends Ban On East Coast Offshore Drilling". NPR. Retrieved October 30, 2021. ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (July 28, 2013). "Barack Obama expresses reservations about Keystone XL pipeline project". The Guardian. London. ^ Stein, Sam (June 25, 2013). "Obama: Keystone XL Should Not Be Approved If It Will Increase Greenhouse Gas Emissions". The Huffington Post. ^ Calamur, Krishnadev (February 24, 2015). "Obama Vetoes Keystone XL Pipeline Bill". NPR. Retrieved February 24, 2015. ^ Barron-Lopez, Laura (March 4, 2015). "Keystone veto override fails". The Hill. Capitol Hill Publishing. Retrieved July 2, 2015. ^ "Obama bans oil drilling 'permanently' in millions of acres of ocean".

text

d24531691a70a9305c069eade3a3ae28

BBC News. December 21, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2021. ^ Smith, David (December 20, 2016). "This article is more than 4 years old Barack Obama bans oil and gas drilling in most of Arctic and Atlantic oceans". The Guardian. Retrieved October 30, 2021. ^ Volcovici, Valerie; Gardner, Timothy (December 20, 2016). "Obama bans new oil, gas drilling off Alaska, part of Atlantic coast". Reuters. Retrieved October 30, 2021. ^ Eilperin, Juliet; Dennis, Brady (December 28, 2016). "With new monuments in Nevada, Utah, Obama adds to his environmental legacy". The Washington Post. ^ "Obama's Newly Designated National Monuments Upset Some Lawmakers". All Things Considered. NPR. December 29, 2016. ^ Connolly, Amy R. (February 13, 2016). "Obama expands public lands more than any U.S. president". United Press International. ^ Jump up to: a b Sweet, Lynn (July 22, 2009). "Obama July 22, 2009 press conference. Transcript". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Zeleny, Jeff (September 9, 2009). "Obama, Armed With Details, Says Health Plan Is Necessary". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 12, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Allen, Mike (September 9, 2009).

text

8561b502c882f312655a6927251be0e0

"Barack Obama will hedge on public option". Politico. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ "Health Insurance Premium Credits in the PPACA" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2015. ^ "Obama calls for Congress to face health care challenge". CNN. September 9, 2009. Archived from the original on September 10, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009. ^ Nasaw, Daniel (March 10, 2009). "Stem cell". The Guardian. Retrieved September 13, 2014. ^ Hulse, Carl; Pear, Robert (November 7, 2009). "Sweeping Health Care Plan Passes House". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2009. ^ Herszenhorn, David M.; Calmes, Jackie (December 7, 2009). "Abortion Was at Heart of Wrangling". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2009. ^ Hensley, Scott (December 24, 2009). "Senate Says Yes To Landmark Health Bill". NPR. Archived from the original on January 21, 2010. Retrieved December 24, 2009. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (March 23, 2010). "Obama Signs Landmark Health Care Bill". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 25, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2010. ^ Rice, Sabriya (March 25, 2010).

text

94d7d4c8a428dd1aa823f187a194991f

"5 key things to remember about health care reform". CNN. Retrieved January 6, 2013. ^ Grier, Peter (March 20, 2010). "Health Care Reform Bill 101". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Elmendorf, Douglas W. (November 30, 2009). "An Analysis of Health Insurance Premiums Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2012. ^ Obama, Barack (August 2, 2016). "United States Health Care Reform". JAMA. 316 (5): 525–532. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9797. ISSN 0098-7484. PMC 5069435. PMID 27400401. ^ Grier, Peter (March 21, 2010). "Health care reform bill 101: Who will pay for reform?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved July 5, 2015. ^ Grier, Peter (March 19, 2010). "Health care reform bill 101: Who must buy insurance?". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on April 5, 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2010. ^ Elmendorf, Douglas W. (March 20, 2010). "H.R. 4872, Reconciliation Act of 2010 (Final Health Care Legislation)". Congressional Budget Office. Retrieved January 6, 2013. ^ Barnes, Robert (June 28, 2012). "Supreme Court upholds Obama health care overhaul by 5–4 vote, approving insurance requirement". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved June 29, 2012.

text

80459761029327d1553a7941796ce394

^ Leonard, Kimberly. "Supreme Court Upholds Obamacare Subsidies". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2015. ^ Colvin, Ross; Barkin, Noah (February 7, 2009). "Biden vows break with Bush era foreign policy". Toronto: Canada.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2013. Ghattas, Kim (March 8, 2009). "Clinton's gaffes and gains on tour". BBC News. Retrieved June 15, 2009. ^ "Obama reaches out to Muslim world on TV". NBC News. January 27, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009. ^ "Barack Obama's address to Iran: Full text of Barack Obama's videotaped message to the people and leaders of Iran as they celebrate their New Year's holiday, Nowruz". The Guardian. London. March 20, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013. ^ DeYoung, Karen (April 9, 2009). "Nation U.S. to Join Talks on Iran's Nuclear Program". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 15, 2009. ^ "Obama in Egypt reaches out to Muslim world". CNN. June 4, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2011. ^ Weber, Joseph; Dinan, Stephen (June 26, 2009). "Obama dismisses Ahmadinejad apology request". The Washington Times. Retrieved July 2, 2015. ^ Lauter, David (June 23, 2014).

text

23843c175459374a3fd4ab2df5c07640

"Memo justifying drone killing of American Al Qaeda leader is released". Los Angeles Times. ^ "Long-sought memo on lethal drone strike is released". Washington Post. June 23, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2022. ^ Shane, Scott (August 27, 2015). "The Lessons of Anwar al-Awlaki". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 27, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2021. ^ Lauter, David (June 24, 2014). "Memo justifying drone killing of American Al Qaeda leader is released". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 7, 2021. ^ "Saudi Arabia launces air attacks in Yemen". The Washington Post. March 25, 2015. ^ "Yemen conflict: US 'could be implicated in war crimes'". BBC News. October 10, 2016. ^ Bayoumy, Yara (September 7, 2016). "Obama administration arms sales offers to Saudi top $115 billion: ..." Reuters. ^ Stewart, Phil; Strobel, Warren (December 13, 2016). "America 'agrees to stop selling some arms' to Saudi Arabia". The Independent. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. ^ Feller, Ben (February 27, 2009). "Obama sets firm withdrawal timetable for Iraq". The Gazette. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2009. ^ Jones, Athena (February 27, 2009). "Obama announces Iraq plan". MSNBC.

text

6c0b2b4b819400b3a99aea2c0ed515d2

Retrieved July 2, 2015. ^ Sykes, Hugh (August 19, 2010). "Last US combat brigade exits Iraq". BBC News. Retrieved December 25, 2012. ^ MacAskill, Ewen (September 1, 2010). "Barack Obama ends the war in Iraq. 'Now it's time to turn the page'". The Guardian. London. ^ "All U.S. troops out of Iraq by end of year". NBC News. October 21, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2012. ^ "Obama Is Sending 275 US Troops To Iraq". Business Insider. Retrieved June 19, 2014. ^ Nebehay, Stephanie (September 8, 2014). "New U.N. rights boss warns of 'house of blood' in Iraq, Syria". Reuters. Retrieved July 11, 2015. ^ "DoD Authorizes War on Terror Award for Inherent Resolve Ops". Defense.gov. October 31, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014. ^ "Islamic State: Coalition 'pledges more troops' for Iraq". BBC News. December 8, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2015. ^ Mehta, Aaron (January 19, 2015). "A-10 Performing 11 Percent of Anti-ISIS Sorties". Defense News. Retrieved August 23, 2015. ^ "1,000 soldiers from the 82nd Airborne headed to Iraq". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 23, 2015. ^ "Stealthy Jet Ensures Other War-Fighting Aircraft Survive". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on August 13, 2015.

text

e972e274f0c724deba81b37d2cbdd980

Retrieved August 23, 2015. ^ "Obama calls Iraq war a 'dangerous distraction'". CNN. July 15, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2022. ^ Broder, John M. (July 16, 2008). "Obama and McCain Duel over Iraq". The New York Times. ^ Hodge, Amanda (February 19, 2009). "Obama launches Afghanistan Surge". The Australian. Sydney. ^ "Top U.S. Commander in Afghanistan Is Fired". The Washington Post. May 12, 2009. "New U.S. Commander Brings Counterinsurgency Experience to Afghanistan". Fox News. May 13, 2009. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2012. ^ "Obama details Afghan war plan, troop increases". NBC News. Associated Press. December 1, 2009. ^ "Gates says he agrees with Obama decision on McChrystal". CNN. June 24, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010. ^ Chandrasekaran, Rajiv (February 12, 2013). "Obama wants to cut troop level in Afghanistan in half over next year". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 14, 2013. ^ Marcus, Jonathan (October 15, 2015). "US troops in Afghanistan: Taliban resurgence sees rethink". BBC News. Retrieved October 15, 2015. ^ "Obama's Remarks on Iraq and Afghanistan". The New York Times. July 15, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b c Mazzetti, Mark; Cooper, Helene; Baker, Peter (May 3, 2011).

text

53333d0b6f6f2182d837a78f2757004d

"Clues Gradually Led to the Location of Osama bin Laden". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 3, 2011. Retrieved May 4, 2011. ^ Jump up to: a b Rucker, Philip; Wilson, Scott; Kornblut, Anne E. (May 2, 2011). "Osama bin Laden is killed by U.S. forces in Pakistan". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 13, 2014. ^ "Official offers details of bin Laden raid". Newsday. May 2, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2014. ^ Schabner, Dean; Travers, Karen (May 1, 2011). "Osama bin Laden Killed by U.S. Forces in Pakistan". ABC News. Archived from the original on May 4, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011. ^ Baker, Peter; Cooper, Helene; Mazzetti, Mark (May 2, 2011). "Bin Laden Is Dead, Obama Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 5, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011. ^ Walsh, Declan; Adams, Richard; MacAskill, Ewen (May 2, 2011). "Osama bin Laden is dead, Obama announces". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on May 3, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011. ^ Dorning, Mike (May 2, 2011). "Death of Bin Laden May Strengthen Obama's Hand in Domestic, Foreign Policy". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on May 3, 2011.

text

8a239c4c0c34bc6e6d01b9974e1ddf63

Retrieved May 4, 2011. ^ Warren, Strobel. "Secret talks in Canada, Vatican City led to Cuba breakthrough". Reuters. Retrieved December 21, 2014. ^ Morello, Carol; DeYoung, Karen. "Secret U.S.-Cuba diplomacy ended in landmark deal on prisoners, future ties". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 21, 2014. ^ Roberts, Dan; Luscombe, Richard (December 10, 2013). "Obama shakes hands with Raúl Castro for first time at Mandela memorial". The Guardian. Retrieved February 15, 2017. ^ Nadeau, Barbie Latza (December 17, 2014). "The Pope's Diplomatic Miracle: Ending the U.S.–Cuba Cold War". The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 18, 2014. ^ Gillin, Joel (April 13, 2015). "The Cuban Thaw Is Obama's Finest Foreign Policy Achievement to Date". The New Republic. ^ "Obama announces re-establishment of U.S.-Cuba diplomatic ties". CNN. Retrieved July 1, 2015. ^ Whitefield, Mimi (July 20, 2015). "United States and Cuba reestablish diplomatic relations". The Miami Herald. Retrieved July 19, 2015. ^ Julie Hirschfeld Davis; Cave, Damien (March 21, 2016). "Obama Arrives in Cuba, Heralding New Era After Decades of Hostility". The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. ^ Levinson, Charles (August 14, 2010). "U.S., Israel Build Military Cooperation". The Wall Street Journal. New York.

text

35b18b7c47327b334587d73b1112b88

Retrieved March 1, 2011. ^ Kampeas, Ron (October 26, 2012). "For Obama campaign, trying to put to rest persistent questions about 'kishkes'". Jewish Journal. ^ Berger, Robert (March 25, 2010). "Israel Refuses to Halt Construction in East Jerusalem". Voice of America. Retrieved July 2, 2015. ^ Kershner, Isabel (March 24, 2010). "Israel Confirms New Building in East Jerusalem". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved April 26, 2010. ^ "United States vetoes Security Council resolution on Israeli settlements". UN News Service Section. February 18, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2014. ^ Levy, Elior (May 22, 2011). "PA challenges Netanyahu to accept 1967 lines". Ynetnews. Retrieved May 22, 2011. ^ Goldberg, Jeffrey (January 14, 2013). "Obama: 'Israel Doesn't Know What Its Best Interests Are'". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 23, 2013. ^ Goldberg, Jeffrey (September 13, 2015). "After the Iran Deal: Obama, Netanyahu, and the Future of the Jewish State". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 13, 2015. ^ Keinon, Herb (July 19, 2014). "Obama reaffirms Israel's right to defend itself". The Times of Israel. ^ "Netanyahu: Iran nuclear deal makes world much more dangerous, Israel not bound by it". Haaretz. July 14, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2018.

text

a4d6ac14ef2a0d6bab0a9274683603e8

^ Collinson, Stephen; Wright, David; Labott, Elise (December 24, 2016). "US Abstains as UN Demands End to Israeli Settlements". CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2017. ^ Barak, Ravid (December 26, 2016). "Netanyahu on UN Settlement Vote: Israel Will Not Turn the Other Cheek". Haaretz. Retrieved January 7, 2017. ^ "Israel-Palestinians: Netanyahu Condemns John Kerry Speech". BBC News. December 29, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2017. ^ "Israel Halts $6 million to UN to Protest UN Settlements Vote". Fox News (from the Associated Press). January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2017. ^ "House Overwhelmingly Votes to Condemn UN Resolution on Israel Settlements". Fox News. January 5, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2017. ^ Cortellessa, Eric (January 6, 2017). "US House Passes Motion Repudiating UN Resolution on Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved January 17, 2017. ^ "Floor Statement by Senator McCain Introducing the Senate Resolution Calling for a No-Fly Zone in Libya". Senate.gov. March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved March 28, 2011. ^ "Senate Passes Resolution Calling for No-Fly Zone Over Libya". National Journal. March 1, 2011. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. ^ Winnett, Robert (March 17, 2011).

text

2e6780883a3e24e3f138de18f5f006

"Libya: UN approves no-fly zone as British troops prepare for action". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. ^ Shackle, Samira (March 18, 2011). "Libya declares ceasefire". New Statesman blog. London. Retrieved July 16, 2011. ^ "Obama: US to Transfer Lead Role in Libya". RTT Newswire. Retrieved March 22, 2011. ^ "Obama says US efforts in Libya have saved lives, control of operation can be turned over soon". Ventura County Star. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 28, 2011. Retrieved March 22, 2011. ^ Pannell, Ian (March 21, 2011). "Gaddafi 'not targeted' by allied strikes". BBC News. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2011. ^ Jones, Sam (March 22, 2011). "F-15 fighter jet crashes in Libya". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on March 22, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2011. ^ "NATO No-Fly Zone over Libya Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR" (PDF). NATO. March 25, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 15, 2011. ^ Montopoli, Brian (March 22, 2011). "Is Obama's Libya offensive constitutional?". CBS News. Retrieved March 22, 2011. ^ Stein, Sam (March 21, 2011). "Obama's Libya Policy Makes Strange Bedfellows of Congressional Critics".

text

c00bf0284bacd81664937c0d32729593

The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on March 23, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2011. ^ "Obama juggles Libya promises, realities". CNN. March 25, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2011. ^ Malloy, Allie; Treyz, Catherine (April 10, 2016). "Obama admits worst mistake of his presidency — CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved April 24, 2021. ^ "President Obama: Libya aftermath 'worst mistake' of presidency". BBC News. April 11, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2021. ^ "Assad must go, Obama says". The Washington Post. August 18, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2015. ^ Nelson, Colleen. "Obama Says Syrian Leader Bashar al-Assad Must Go". ^ Hosenball, Mark (August 2, 2012). "Obama authorizes secret support for Syrian rebels". Reuters. Retrieved February 19, 2016. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Cooper, Helene; Schmitt, Eric (October 9, 2015). "Obama Administration Ends Effort to Train Syrians to Combat ISIS". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 9, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2016. ^ Stewart, Phil; Holton, Kate (October 9, 2015). "U.S. pulls plug on Syria rebel training effort; will focus on weapons supply". Reuters. Retrieved February 20, 2016. ^ "Obama 'red line' erased as Bashar Assad's chemical weapons use goes unchecked by U.S. military". The Washington Times. May 17, 2015.

text

9278c9a422ea14bafc5465a91f9c008f

Retrieved November 23, 2015. ^ Gordon, Michael (September 14, 2013). "U.S. and Russia Reach Deal to Destroy Syria's Chemical Arms". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 14, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2016. ^ Boghani, Priyanka. "Syria Got Rid of Its Chemical Weapons—But Reports of Attacks Continue". Retrieved February 19, 2016. ^ "Obama outlines plan to target IS fighters". Al Jazeera. September 11, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2014. ^ "Iran deal reached, Obama hails step toward 'more hopeful world'". Reuters. July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015. ^ Solomon, Jay; Norman, Laurence; Lee, Carol E. (July 14, 2015). "Iran, World Powers Prepare to Sign Nuclear Accord". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 14, 2015. ^ "Landmark deal reached on Iran nuclear program". CNN. July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015. ^ "$1.7-billion payment to Iran was all in cash due to effectiveness of sanctions, White House says". Los Angeles Times. September 7, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2019. ^ "Obama Administration Reportedly Shielded Hezbollah From DEA and CIA to Save Iran Nuclear Deal". Haaretz. December 18, 2017. ^ Meyer, Josh (December 18, 2017). "A Global Threat Emerges". Politico. ^ Thompson, Loren.

text

2e666756554b00397ec94beacf341852

"Obama Backs Biggest Nuclear Arms Buildup Since Cold War". Forbes. ^ Baker, Peter (March 26, 2010). "Obama Seals Arms Control Deal With Russia". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. ^ Baker, Peter (December 22, 2010). "Senate Passes Arms Control Treaty With Russia, 71–26". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. ^ McVeigh, Karen (December 6, 2011). "Gay rights must be criterion for US aid allocations, instructs Obama". The Guardian. London. Retrieved January 4, 2013. ^ Parsons, Christi (August 7, 2013). "Obama criticizes Russia's new anti-gay law in Leno interview". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 27, 2014. ^ Johnson, Luke (August 9, 2013). "Obama Opposes Olympic Boycott, Criticizes Russian Anti-Gay Law". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 27, 2014. ^ "US election: The Russia factor: Officials say Moscow's interference is unprecedented. Has the Kremlin achieved its goal?". Financial Times. November 4, 2016. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. ^ "Europeans View Obama's Exit With a Mix of Admiration and Regret". The New York Times. November 6, 2016. Archived from the original on November 7, 2016. ^ Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (November 2004). "The Great Black Hope: What's Riding on Barack Obama?".

text

403e53e941807b3c5e49f5fbc163d930

Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008. See also: Scott, Janny (December 28, 2007). "A Member of a New Generation, Obama Walks a Fine Line". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008. ^ Payne, Les (August 19, 2007). "In One Country, a Dual Audience". Newsday. New York. Archived from the original (paid archive) on September 15, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008. ^ Dorning, Mike (October 4, 2007). "Obama Reaches Across Decades to JFK". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original (paid archive) on June 17, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008. See also: Harnden, Toby (October 15, 2007). "Barack Obama is JFK Heir, Says Kennedy Aide". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008. ^ Holmes, Stephanie (November 30, 2008). "Obama: Oratory and originality". The Age. Melbourne. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2008. Gallo, Carmine (March 3, 2008). "How to Inspire People Like Obama Does". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2009. Zlomislic, Diana (December 11, 2008). "New emotion dubbed 'elevation'". Toronto Star.

text

a53a0d21594a128e7662b57fbcc26c8a

Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2008. Greene, Richard (January 25, 2011). "Obama Is America's Third Greatest Presidential Orator in Modern Era". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 2, 2011. ^ "YouTube—ChangeDotGov's Channel". Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2010 – via YouTube. ^ "Obama Starts With 68% Job Approval". Gallup.com. January 24, 2009. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2011. ^ "Obama hits low point in Gallup Poll—41%". USA Today. April 15, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2011. ^ Terbush, Jon (December 9, 2010). "Approval By Numbers: How Obama Compares To Past Presidents". Tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com. Retrieved June 19, 2011. ^ Oliphant, James (May 11, 2011). "Bin Laden bounce? New poll shows jump in Obama approval". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 7, 2011. ^ Balz, Dan; Cohen, John (June 6, 2011). "Obama loses bin Laden bounce; Romney on the move among GOP contenders". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved June 7, 2011. ^ "Presidential Job Approval Center". Gallup.com. Retrieved June 23, 2015. ^ "Gallup Daily: Obama Job Approval". Gallup Polling. January 22, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015. ^ "World wants Obama as president: poll". ABC News. Reuters.

text