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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Three sisters were shown to suffer from fish - eye disease ( FED ) , a disorder which is caused by mutations in the gene coding for lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase ( LCAT ) .
### Output Text: | Three sisters were shown to suffer from <span class="disease">fish - eye disease</span> ( <span class="disease">FED</span> ) , a disorder which is caused by mutations in the gene coding for lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase ( LCAT ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Sequencing of the LCAT gene of all three probands revealed compound heterozygosity for a missense mutation in exon 4 which is reported to underlie the FED phenotype , and a point mutation located in intron 4 ( IVS4 T - 22C ) .
### Output Text: | Sequencing of the LCAT gene of all three probands revealed compound heterozygosity for a missense mutation in exon 4 which is reported to underlie the <span class="disease">FED</span> phenotype , and a point mutation located in intron 4 ( IVS4 T - 22C ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: By performing in vitro expression of LCAT minigenes and reverse transcriptase PCR on mRNA isolated from leukocytes of the patient , this gene defect was shown to cause a null allele as the result of complete intron retention .
### Output Text: | By performing in vitro expression of LCAT minigenes and reverse transcriptase PCR on mRNA isolated from leukocytes of the patient , this gene defect was shown to cause a null allele as the result of complete intron retention . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In conclusion , we demonstrated that a point mutation in a lariat branchpoint consensus sequence causes a null allele in a patient with FED .
### Output Text: | In conclusion , we demonstrated that a point mutation in a lariat branchpoint consensus sequence causes a null allele in a patient with <span class="disease">FED</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In addition , our finding illustrates the importance of this sequence for normal human mRNA processing .
### Output Text: | In addition , our finding illustrates the importance of this sequence for normal human mRNA processing . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Finally , this report provides a widely applicable strategy which ensures fast and effective screening for intronic defects that underlie differential gene expression . .
### Output Text: | Finally , this report provides a widely applicable strategy which ensures fast and effective screening for intronic defects that underlie differential gene expression . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Mutations associated with variant phenotypes in ataxia - telangiectasia .
### Output Text: | Mutations associated with variant phenotypes in <span class="disease">ataxia - telangiectasia</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: We have identified 14 families with ataxia - telangiectasia ( A - T ) in which mutation of the ATM gene is associated with a less severe clinical and cellular phenotype ( approximately 10 % - 15 % of A - T families identified in the United Kingdom ) .
### Output Text: | We have identified 14 families with <span class="disease">ataxia - telangiectasia</span> ( <span class="disease">A - T</span> ) in which mutation of the ATM gene is associated with a less severe clinical and cellular phenotype ( approximately 10 % - 15 % of <span class="disease">A - T</span> families identified in the United Kingdom ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In 10 of these families , all the homozygotes have a 137 - bp insertion in their cDNA caused by a point mutation in a sequence resembling a splice - donor site .
### Output Text: | In 10 of these families , all the homozygotes have a 137 - bp insertion in their cDNA caused by a point mutation in a sequence resembling a splice - donor site . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The second A - T allele has a different mutation in each patient .
### Output Text: | The second <span class="disease">A - T</span> allele has a different mutation in each patient . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: We show that the less severe phenotype in these patients is caused by some degree of normal splicing , which occurs as an alternative product from the insertion - containing allele .
### Output Text: | We show that the less severe phenotype in these patients is caused by some degree of normal splicing , which occurs as an alternative product from the insertion - containing allele . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The level of the 137 - bp PCR product containing the insertion was lowest in two patients who showed a later onset of cerebellar ataxia .
### Output Text: | The level of the 137 - bp PCR product containing the insertion was lowest in two patients who showed a later onset of <span class="disease">cerebellar ataxia</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: A further four families who do not have this insertion have been identified .
### Output Text: | A further four families who do not have this insertion have been identified . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Mutations detected in two of four of these are missense mutations , normally rare in A - T patients .
### Output Text: | Mutations detected in two of four of these are missense mutations , normally rare in <span class="disease">A - T</span> patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The demonstration of mutations giving rise to a slightly milder phenotype in A - T raises the interesting question of what range of phenotypes might occur in individuals in whom both mutations are milder .
### Output Text: | The demonstration of mutations giving rise to a slightly milder phenotype in <span class="disease">A - T</span> raises the interesting question of what range of phenotypes might occur in individuals in whom both mutations are milder . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: One possibility might be that individuals who are compound heterozygotes for ATM mutations are more common than we realize . .
### Output Text: | One possibility might be that individuals who are compound heterozygotes for ATM mutations are more common than we realize . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Mutation of the VHL gene is associated exclusively with the development of non - papillary renal cell carcinomas .
### Output Text: | Mutation of the VHL gene is associated exclusively with the development of <span class="disease">non - papillary renal cell carcinomas</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: To define the possible role of the VHL gene in the development of sporadic renal cell carcinomas , 91 different parenchymal tumours of the kidney have been investigated for mutation of the VHL gene by single strand conformation polymorphism ( SSCP ) and / or heteroduplex ( HD ) techniques .
### Output Text: | To define the possible role of the <span class="disease">VHL</span> gene in the development of <span class="disease">sporadic renal cell carcinomas</span> , 91 different <span class="disease">parenchymal tumours of the kidney</span> have been investigated for mutation of the <span class="disease">VHL</span> gene by single strand conformation polymorphism ( SSCP ) and / or heteroduplex ( HD ) techniques . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Chromosome 3p deletion was detected in 98 per cent of non - papillary renal cell carcinomas and in 25 per cent of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas .
### Output Text: | Chromosome 3p deletion was detected in 98 per cent of <span class="disease">non - papillary renal cell carcinomas</span> and in 25 per cent of chromophobe <span class="disease">renal cell carcinomas</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In 22 of the 43 non - papillary renal cell carcinomas , abnormally migrating DNA bands were detected by SSCP and / or HD analysis .
### Output Text: | In 22 of the 43 <span class="disease">non - papillary renal cell carcinomas</span> , abnormally migrating DNA bands were detected by SSCP and / or HD analysis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: No mobility shift was seen in any of the 23 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas .
### Output Text: | No mobility shift was seen in any of the 23 chromophobe <span class="disease">renal cell carcinomas</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In addition , 15 papillary renal cell tumours and ten renal oncocytomas , which are characterized by genetic changes other than loss of chromosome 3p sequences , were analysed for mutation of the VHL gene .
### Output Text: | In addition , 15 <span class="disease">papillary renal cell tumours</span> and ten <span class="disease">renal oncocytomas</span> , which are characterized by genetic changes other than loss of chromosome 3p sequences , were analysed for mutation of the <span class="disease">VHL</span> gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: None of these tumours showed abnormal migration patterns .
### Output Text: | None of these <span class="disease">tumours</span> showed abnormal migration patterns . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The results indicate that mutation of the VHL gene is associated exclusively with the development of non - papillary renal cell carcinoma . .
### Output Text: | The results indicate that mutation of the <span class="disease">VHL</span> gene is associated exclusively with the development of <span class="disease">non - papillary renal cell carcinoma</span> . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The Emery - Dreifuss muscular dystrophy protein , emerin , is a nuclear membrane protein .
### Output Text: | The <span class="disease">Emery - Dreifuss muscular dystrophy</span> protein , emerin , is a nuclear membrane protein . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: A large fragment of emerin cDNA was prepared by PCR and expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli .
### Output Text: | A large fragment of emerin cDNA was prepared by PCR and expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Using this as immunogen , we prepared a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies which recognise at least four different epitopes on emerin in order to ensure that emerin can be distinguished from non - specific cross - reacting proteins .
### Output Text: | Using this as immunogen , we prepared a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies which recognise at least four different epitopes on emerin in order to ensure that emerin can be distinguished from non - specific cross - reacting proteins . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: All the mAbs recognised a 34 kDa protein in all tissues tested , though minor emerin - related bands were also detected in some tissues .
### Output Text: | All the mAbs recognised a 34 kDa protein in all tissues tested , though minor emerin - related bands were also detected in some tissues . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that emerin is located at the nuclear rim in all tissues examined .
### Output Text: | Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that emerin is located at the nuclear rim in all tissues examined . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: A muscle biopsy from an Emery - Dreifuss muscular dystrophy ( EMDM ) patient showed complete absence of emerin by both Western blotting and immunohistochemistry , suggesting a simple diagnostic antibody test for EDMD families .
### Output Text: | A muscle biopsy from an <span class="disease">Emery - Dreifuss muscular dystrophy</span> ( <span class="disease">EMDM</span> ) patient showed complete absence of emerin by both Western blotting and immunohistochemistry , suggesting a simple diagnostic antibody test for <span class="disease">EDMD</span> families . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Biochemical fractionation of brain and liver tissues showed that emerin was present in nuclei purified by centrifugation through 65 % sucrose and was absent from soluble fractions ( post - 100 , 000 g ) .
### Output Text: | Biochemical fractionation of brain and liver tissues showed that emerin was present in nuclei purified by centrifugation through 65 % sucrose and was absent from soluble fractions ( post - 100 , 000 g ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: From these results , together with sequence and structural homologies between emerin , thymopoietins and the nuclear lamina - associated protein , LAP2 , we suggest that emerin will prove to be one member of a family of inner nuclear membrane proteins . .
### Output Text: | From these results , together with sequence and structural homologies between emerin , thymopoietins and the nuclear lamina - associated protein , LAP2 , we suggest that emerin will prove to be one member of a family of inner nuclear membrane proteins . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Mutation of MSH3 in endometrial cancer and evidence for its functional role in heteroduplex repair .
### Output Text: | Mutation of MSH3 in <span class="disease">endometrial cancer</span> and evidence for its functional role in heteroduplex repair . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Many human tumours have length alterations in repetitive sequence elements .
### Output Text: | Many human <span class="disease">tumours</span> have length alterations in repetitive sequence elements . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Although this microsatellite instability has been attributed to mutations in four DNA mismatch repair genes in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ( HNPCC ) kindreds , many sporadic tumours exhibit instability but no detectable mutations in these genes .
### Output Text: | Although this <span class="disease">microsatellite instability</span> has been attributed to mutations in four DNA mismatch repair genes in <span class="disease">hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer</span> ( <span class="disease">HNPCC</span> ) kindreds , many <span class="disease">sporadic tumours</span> exhibit instability but no detectable mutations in these genes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: It is therefore of interest to identify other genes that contribute to this instability .
### Output Text: | It is therefore of interest to identify other genes that contribute to this instability . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In yeast , mutations in several genes , including RTH and MSH3 , cause microsatellite instability .
### Output Text: | In yeast , mutations in several genes , including RTH and MSH3 , cause microsatellite instability . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Thus , we screened 16 endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability for alterations in FEN1 ( the human homolog of RTH ) and in MSH3 ( refs 12 - 14 ) .
### Output Text: | Thus , we screened 16 <span class="disease">endometrial carcinomas</span> with microsatellite instability for alterations in FEN1 ( the human homolog of RTH ) and in MSH3 ( refs 12 - 14 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Although we found no FEN1 mutations , a frameshift mutation in MSH3 was observed in an endometrial carcinoma and in an endometrial carcinoma cell line .
### Output Text: | Although we found no FEN1 mutations , a frameshift mutation in MSH3 was observed in an <span class="disease">endometrial carcinoma</span> and in an <span class="disease">endometrial carcinoma</span> cell line . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Extracts of the cell line were deficient in repair of DNA substrates containing mismatches or extra nucleotides .
### Output Text: | Extracts of the cell line were deficient in repair of DNA substrates containing mismatches or extra nucleotides . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Introducing chromosome 5 , encoding the MSH3 gene , into the mutant cell line increased the stability of some but not all microsatellites .
### Output Text: | Introducing chromosome 5 , encoding the MSH3 gene , into the mutant cell line increased the stability of some but not all microsatellites . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Extracts of these cells repaired certain substrates containing extra nucleotides , but were deficient in repair of those containing mismatches or other extra nucleotides .
### Output Text: | Extracts of these cells repaired certain substrates containing extra nucleotides , but were deficient in repair of those containing mismatches or other extra nucleotides . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: A subsequent search revealed a second gene mutation in HHUA cells , a missense mutation in the MSH6 gene .
### Output Text: | A subsequent search revealed a second gene mutation in HHUA cells , a missense mutation in the MSH6 gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Together the data suggest that the MSH3 gene encodes a product that functions in repair of some but not all pre - mutational intermediates , its mutation in tumours can result in genomic instability and , as in yeast , MSH3 and MSH6 are partially redundant for mismatch repair . .
### Output Text: | Together the data suggest that the MSH3 gene encodes a product that functions in repair of some but not all pre - mutational intermediates , its mutation in <span class="disease">tumours</span> can result in genomic instability and , as in yeast , MSH3 and MSH6 are partially redundant for mismatch repair . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Comparative genome mapping of the ataxia - telangiectasia region in mouse , rat , and Syrian hamster .
### Output Text: | Comparative genome mapping of the <span class="disease">ataxia - telangiectasia</span> region in mouse , rat , and Syrian hamster . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Chromosomal locations of the Atm ( ataxia - telangiectasia ( AT ) - mutated ) and Acat1 ( mitochondrial acetoacetyl - CoA thiolase ) genes in mouse , rat , and Syrian hamster were determined by direct R - banding FISH .
### Output Text: | Chromosomal locations of the Atm ( <span class="disease">ataxia - telangiectasia</span> ( <span class="disease">AT</span> ) - mutated ) and Acat1 ( mitochondrial acetoacetyl - CoA thiolase ) genes in mouse , rat , and Syrian hamster were determined by direct R - banding FISH . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Both genes were colocalized to the C - D band of mouse chromosome 9 , the proximal end of q24 .
### Output Text: | Both genes were colocalized to the C - D band of mouse chromosome 9 , the proximal end of q24 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 1 of rat chromosome 8 , and qa4 - qa5 of Syrian hamster chromosome 12 .
### Output Text: | 1 of rat chromosome 8 , and qa4 - qa5 of Syrian hamster chromosome 12 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
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### Input Text: The regions in the mouse and rat were homologous to human chromosome 11q .
### Output Text: | The regions in the mouse and rat were homologous to human chromosome 11q . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Fine genetic linkage mapping of the mouse AT region was performed using the interspecific backcross mice .
### Output Text: | Fine genetic linkage mapping of the mouse <span class="disease">AT</span> region was performed using the interspecific backcross mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Atm , Acat1 , and Npat , which is a new gene isolated from the AT region , and 12 flanking microsatellite DNA markers were examined .
### Output Text: | Atm , Acat1 , and Npat , which is a new gene isolated from the AT region , and 12 flanking microsatellite DNA markers were examined . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: No recombinations were found among the Atm , Npat , Acat1 , and D9Mit6 loci , and these loci were mapped 2 .
### Output Text: | No recombinations were found among the Atm , Npat , Acat1 , and D9Mit6 loci , and these loci were mapped 2 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 0 cM distal to D9Mit99 and 1 .
### Output Text: | 0 cM distal to D9Mit99 and 1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 3 cM proximal to D9Mit102 .
### Output Text: | 3 cM proximal to D9Mit102 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Comparison of the linkage map of mouse chromosome 9 ( MMU9 ) and that of human chromosome 11 ( HSA11 ) indicates that there is a chromosomal rearrangement due to an inversion between Ets1 and Atm - Npat - Acat1 and that the inversion of MMU9 originated from the chromosomal breakage at the boundary between Gria4 and Atm - Npat - Acat1 on HSA11 .
### Output Text: | Comparison of the linkage map of mouse chromosome 9 ( MMU9 ) and that of human chromosome 11 ( HSA11 ) indicates that there is a chromosomal rearrangement due to an inversion between Ets1 and Atm - Npat - Acat1 and that the inversion of MMU9 originated from the chromosomal breakage at the boundary between Gria4 and Atm - Npat - Acat1 on HSA11 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This type of inversion appeared to be conserved in the three rodent species , mouse , rat , and Syrian hamster , using additional comparative mapping data with the Rck gene
### Output Text: | This type of inversion appeared to be conserved in the three rodent species , mouse , rat , and Syrian hamster , using additional comparative mapping data with the Rck gene |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: An animal model for Norrie disease ( ND ) : gene targeting of the mouse ND gene .
### Output Text: | An animal model for <span class="disease">Norrie disease</span> ( <span class="disease">ND</span> ) : gene targeting of the mouse <span class="disease">ND</span> gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In order to elucidate the cellular and molecular processes which are involved in Norrie disease ( ND ) , we have used gene targeting technology to generate ND mutant mice .
### Output Text: | In order to elucidate the cellular and molecular processes which are involved in <span class="disease">Norrie disease</span> ( <span class="disease">ND</span> ) , we have used gene targeting technology to generate <span class="disease">ND</span> mutant mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The murine homologue of the ND gene was cloned and shown to encode a polypeptide that shares 94 % of the amino acid sequence with its human counterpart .
### Output Text: | The murine homologue of the <span class="disease">ND</span> gene was cloned and shown to encode a polypeptide that shares 94 % of the amino acid sequence with its human counterpart . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RNA in situ hybridization revealed expression in retina , brain and the olfactory bulb and epithelium of 2 week old mice .
### Output Text: | RNA in situ hybridization revealed expression in retina , brain and the olfactory bulb and epithelium of 2 week old mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Hemizygous mice carrying a replacement mutation in exon 2 of the ND gene developed retrolental structures in the vitreous body and showed an overall disorganization of the retinal ganglion cell layer .
### Output Text: | Hemizygous mice carrying a replacement mutation in exon 2 of the <span class="disease">ND</span> gene developed retrolental structures in the vitreous body and showed an overall disorganization of the retinal ganglion cell layer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The outer plexiform layer disappears occasionally , resulting in a juxtaposed inner and outer nuclear layer .
### Output Text: | The outer plexiform layer disappears occasionally , resulting in a juxtaposed inner and outer nuclear layer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: At the same regions , the outer segments of the photoreceptor cell layer are no longer present .
### Output Text: | At the same regions , the outer segments of the photoreceptor cell layer are no longer present . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These ocular findings are consistent with observations in ND patients and the generated mouse line provides a faithful model for study of early pathogenic events in this severe X - linked recessive neurological disorder . .
### Output Text: | These ocular findings are consistent with observations in <span class="disease">ND</span> patients and the generated mouse line provides a faithful model for study of early pathogenic events in this severe <span class="disease">X - linked recessive neurological disorder</span> . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The hybrid PAX3 - FKHR fusion protein of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma transforms fibroblasts in culture .
### Output Text: | The hybrid PAX3 - FKHR fusion protein of <span class="disease">alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma</span> transforms fibroblasts in culture . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is characterized by a chromosomal translocation that fuses parts of the PAX3 and FKHR genes .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma</span> is characterized by a chromosomal translocation that fuses parts of the PAX3 and FKHR genes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: PAX3 codes for a transcriptional regulator that controls developmental programs , and FKHR codes for a forkhead - winged helix protein , also a likely transcription factor .
### Output Text: | PAX3 codes for a transcriptional regulator that controls developmental programs , and FKHR codes for a forkhead - winged helix protein , also a likely transcription factor . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The PAX3 - FKHR fusion product retains the DNA binding domains of the PAX3 protein and the putative activator domain of the FKHR protein .
### Output Text: | The PAX3 - FKHR fusion product retains the DNA binding domains of the PAX3 protein and the putative activator domain of the FKHR protein . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The PAX3 - FKHR protein has been shown to function as a transcriptional activator .
### Output Text: | The PAX3 - FKHR protein has been shown to function as a transcriptional activator . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Using the RCAS retroviral vector , we have introduced the PAX3 - FKHR gene into chicken embryo fibroblasts .
### Output Text: | Using the RCAS retroviral vector , we have introduced the PAX3 - FKHR gene into chicken embryo fibroblasts . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Expression of the PAX3 - FKHR protein in these cells leads to transformation the cells become enlarged , grow tightly packed and in multiple layers , and acquire the ability for anchorage - independent growth .
### Output Text: | Expression of the PAX3 - FKHR protein in these cells leads to transformation the cells become enlarged , grow tightly packed and in multiple layers , and acquire the ability for anchorage - independent growth . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This cellular transformation in vitro will facilitate studies on the mechanism of PAX3 - FKHR - induced oncogenesis . .
### Output Text: | This cellular transformation in vitro will facilitate studies on the mechanism of PAX3 - FKHR - induced oncogenesis . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Somatic - cell selection is a major determinant of the blood - cell phenotype in heterozygotes for glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase mutations causing severe enzyme deficiency .
### Output Text: | Somatic - cell selection is a major determinant of the blood - cell phenotype in heterozygotes for glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase mutations causing severe <span class="disease">enzyme deficiency</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: X - chromosome inactivation in mammals is regarded as an essentially random process , but the resulting somatic - cell mosaicism creates the opportunity for cell selection .
### Output Text: | X - chromosome inactivation in mammals is regarded as an essentially random process , but the resulting somatic - cell mosaicism creates the opportunity for cell selection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In most people with red - blood - cell glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) deficiency , the enzyme - deficient phenotype is only moderately expressed in nucleated cells .
### Output Text: | In most people with red - blood - cell <span class="disease">glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) deficiency</span> , the enzyme - deficient phenotype is only moderately expressed in nucleated cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , in a small subset of hemizygous males who suffer from chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia , the underlying mutations ( designated class I ) cause more - severe G6PD deficiency , and this might provide an opportunity for selection in heterozygous females during development .
### Output Text: | However , in a small subset of hemizygous males who suffer from <span class="disease">chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia</span> , the underlying mutations ( designated class I ) cause more - severe <span class="disease">G6PD deficiency</span> , and this might provide an opportunity for selection in heterozygous females during development . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In order to test this possibility we have analyzed four heterozygotes for class I G6PD mutations two with G6PD Portici ( 1178G - - > A ) and two with G6PD Bari ( 1187C - - > T ) .
### Output Text: | In order to test this possibility we have analyzed four heterozygotes for class I G6PD mutations two with G6PD Portici ( 1178G - - > A ) and two with G6PD Bari ( 1187C - - > T ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We found that in fractionated blood cell types ( including erythroid , myeloid , and lymphoid cell lineages ) there was a significant excess of G6PD - normal cells .
### Output Text: | We found that in fractionated blood cell types ( including erythroid , myeloid , and lymphoid cell lineages ) there was a significant excess of G6PD - normal cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The significant concordance that we have observed in the degree of imbalance in the different blood - cell lineages indicates that a selective mechanism is likely to operate at the level of pluripotent blood stem cells .
### Output Text: | The significant concordance that we have observed in the degree of imbalance in the different blood - cell lineages indicates that a selective mechanism is likely to operate at the level of pluripotent blood stem cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thus , it appears that severe G6PD deficiency affects adversely the proliferation or the survival of nucleated blood cells and that this phenotypic characteristic is critical during hematopoiesis . .
### Output Text: | Thus , it appears that severe <span class="disease">G6PD deficiency</span> affects adversely the proliferation or the survival of nucleated blood cells and that this phenotypic characteristic is critical during hematopoiesis . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Analysis of meiotic segregation , using single - sperm typing : meiotic drive at the myotonic dystrophy locus .
### Output Text: | Analysis of meiotic segregation , using single - sperm typing : meiotic drive at the <span class="disease">myotonic dystrophy</span> locus . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Meiotic drive at the myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) locus has recently been suggested as being responsible for maintaining the frequency , in the human population , of DM chromosomes capable of expansion to the disease state .
### Output Text: | Meiotic drive at the <span class="disease">myotonic dystrophy</span> ( <span class="disease">DM</span> ) locus has recently been suggested as being responsible for maintaining the frequency , in the human population , of <span class="disease">DM</span> chromosomes capable of expansion to the disease state . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In order to test this hypothesis , we have studied samples of single sperm from three individuals heterozygous at the DM locus , each with one allele larger and one allele smaller than 19 CTG repeats .
### Output Text: | In order to test this hypothesis , we have studied samples of single sperm from three individuals heterozygous at the <span class="disease">DM</span> locus , each with one allele larger and one allele smaller than 19 CTG repeats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: To guard against the possible problem of differential PCR amplification rates based on the lengths of the alleles , the sperm were also typed at another closely linked marker whose allele size was unrelated to the allele size at the DM locus .
### Output Text: | To guard against the possible problem of differential PCR amplification rates based on the lengths of the alleles , the sperm were also typed at another closely linked marker whose allele size was unrelated to the allele size at the <span class="disease">DM</span> locus . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Using statistical models specifically designed to study single - sperm segregation data , we find no evidence of meiotic segregation distortion .
### Output Text: | Using statistical models specifically designed to study single - sperm segregation data , we find no evidence of meiotic segregation distortion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The upper limit of the two - sided 95 % confidence interval for the estimate of the common segregation probability for the three donors is at or below .
### Output Text: | The upper limit of the two - sided 95 % confidence interval for the estimate of the common segregation probability for the three donors is at or below . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 515 for all models considered , and no statistically significant difference from .
### Output Text: | 515 for all models considered , and no statistically significant difference from . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 5 is detected in any of the models .
### Output Text: | 5 is detected in any of the models . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This suggests that any greater amount of segregation distortion at the myotonic dystrophy locus must result from events following sperm ejaculation .
### Output Text: | This suggests that any greater amount of segregation distortion at the <span class="disease">myotonic dystrophy</span> locus must result from events following sperm ejaculation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: LPP , the preferred fusion partner gene of HMGIC in lipomas , is a novel member of the LIM protein gene family .
### Output Text: | LPP , the preferred fusion partner gene of HMGIC in <span class="disease">lipomas</span> , is a novel member of the LIM protein gene family . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A major cytogenetic subgroup of lipomas is characterized by recurrent chromosome aberrations , mainly translocations , that involve chromosome segment 12q13 - q15 .
### Output Text: | A major cytogenetic subgroup of <span class="disease">lipomas</span> is characterized by recurrent chromosome aberrations , mainly translocations , that involve chromosome segment 12q13 - q15 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Multiple chromosomes have been found as the translocation partners of chromosome 12 but 3q27 - q28 is preferentially involved .
### Output Text: | Multiple chromosomes have been found as the translocation partners of chromosome 12 but 3q27 - q28 is preferentially involved . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In previous studies , it has been shown that the high mobility group ( HMG ) protein gene HMGIC at 12q15 is consistently rearranged as a consequence of these translocations .
### Output Text: | In previous studies , it has been shown that the high mobility group ( HMG ) protein gene HMGIC at 12q15 is consistently rearranged as a consequence of these translocations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Here , we report the identification and characterization of the chromosome 3 - derived translocation partner gene , which we have designated LPP ( lipoma preferred partner gene ) .
### Output Text: | Here , we report the identification and characterization of the chromosome 3 - derived translocation partner gene , which we have designated LPP ( <span class="disease">lipoma</span> preferred partner gene ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Using 3 - RACE analysis of HMGIC fusion transcripts in lipoma cell line Li - 501 / SV40 , ectopic genetic sequences were obtained , which by CASH ( chromosome assignment using somatic cell hybrids ) and FISH ( fluorescence in situ hybridization ) analysis were found to originate from chromosome segment 3q27 - q28 .
### Output Text: | Using 3 - RACE analysis of HMGIC fusion transcripts in <span class="disease">lipoma</span> cell line Li - 501 / SV40 , ectopic genetic sequences were obtained , which by CASH ( chromosome assignment using somatic cell hybrids ) and FISH ( fluorescence in situ hybridization ) analysis were found to originate from chromosome segment 3q27 - q28 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In Northern blot analysis , an mRNA of over 10 kb was detected by these ectopic sequences in a variety of human tissues but not in brain and peripheral blood leukocytes .
### Output Text: | In Northern blot analysis , an mRNA of over 10 kb was detected by these ectopic sequences in a variety of human tissues but not in brain and peripheral blood leukocytes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Upon partial cDNA cloning , features of the genetic organization of LPP were established .
### Output Text: | Upon partial cDNA cloning , features of the genetic organization of LPP were established . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The gene was found to span a genomic region of over 400 kb .
### Output Text: | The gene was found to span a genomic region of over 400 kb . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Nucleotide sequence analysis of a composite cDNA of LPP revealed an open reading frame of 1836 nucleotides encoding a proline - rich protein containing a leucine - zipper motif in its amino - terminal region and three LIM domains in its carboxy - terminal region .
### Output Text: | Nucleotide sequence analysis of a composite cDNA of LPP revealed an open reading frame of 1836 nucleotides encoding a proline - rich protein containing a leucine - zipper motif in its amino - terminal region and three LIM domains in its carboxy - terminal region . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The LPP - encoded protein should be classified as a novel member of the group 3 proteins of the LIM protein gene family .
### Output Text: | The LPP - encoded protein should be classified as a novel member of the group 3 proteins of the LIM protein gene family . |