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[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Since the work-family conflict affects the whole life of an individual, it is a matter that should be emphasized in educational organizations as well as in all organizations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Since the work-family conflict affects the whole life of an individual, it is a matter that should be emphasized in educational organizations as well as in all organizations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Work-family conflict, exhaustion and related psychological disturbances and physical complaints can cause dissatisfaction in work and private life.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Work-family conflict, exhaustion and related psychological disturbances and physical complaints can cause dissatisfaction in work and private life.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "If the input and output of educational organizations are considered to be consisted of human, it is possible that the work-family conflict, which the teachers are going to have, will possible to reflect on the students.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "If the input and output of educational organizations are considered to be consisted of human, it is possible that the work-family conflict, which the teachers are going to have, will possible to reflect on the students.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The investigation of the work-family conflict in the teachers who constitute the basis of educational organizations is also important in terms of teacher qualifications.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The investigation of the work-family conflict in the teachers who constitute the basis of educational organizations is also important in terms of teacher qualifications (Keles, 2010) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF28" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Keles, 2010)" ] } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has risen dramatically over the last three decades.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has risen dramatically over the last three decades (Han, Lawlor, & Kimm, 2010) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF25" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Han, Lawlor, & Kimm, 2010)" ] }, { "text": "Since 1980, obesity rates for children have tripled, with rates of obese children ages 6 to 11 years doubling and rates of obese adolescents ages 12 to 19 years quadrupling.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Since 1980, obesity rates for children have tripled, with rates of obese children ages 6 to 11 years doubling and rates of obese adolescents ages 12 to 19 years quadrupling (Segal, Rayburn, & Beck, 2017) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF43" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Segal, Rayburn, & Beck, 2017)" ] }, { "text": "The 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates rates of obesity are higher among school-age youth of 6 to11 years and adolescents (18.4% and 20.6%, respectively) compared with children ages 2 to 5 years (13.9%).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates rates of obesity are higher among school-age youth of 6 to11 years and adolescents (18.4% and 20.6%, respectively) compared with children ages 2 to 5 years (13.9%) (Hales, Carroll, Fryar, & Ogden, 2017) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF24" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Hales, Carroll, Fryar, & Ogden, 2017)" ] } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "The complex nature of childhood obesity has made it difficult to design effective programming solutions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The complex nature of childhood obesity has made it difficult to design effective programming solutions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Social determinants of health are statistically significant predictors of youth's health perceptions, including gender of youth, family socioeconomic characteristics, parents' education level, household living conditions, and the number of household dependents.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Social determinants of health are statistically significant predictors of youth's health perceptions, including gender of youth, family socioeconomic characteristics, parents' education level, household living conditions, and the number of household dependents (Masa & Chowa, 2013) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF30" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Masa & Chowa, 2013)" ] }, { "text": "However, at present, no one program has effectively influenced the increasing rates of overweight youth and families, particularly in vulnerable populations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, at present, no one program has effectively influenced the increasing rates of overweight youth and families, particularly in vulnerable populations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "As it is a non-adaptive drug, when consumed regularly the stimulant effect does not decrease.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As it is a non-adaptive drug, when consumed regularly the stimulant effect does not decrease.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, individual sensitivity exists in that small doses can cause tremors, throbbing and anxiety for many hours in some people, while others consuming caffeine daily show no toxic effects for years or decades.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, individual sensitivity exists in that small doses can cause tremors, throbbing and anxiety for many hours in some people, while others consuming caffeine daily show no toxic effects for years or decades.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Clinical tolerance and habit depend on chronic use of the drug.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Clinical tolerance and habit depend on chronic use of the drug.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Individuals drinking 5 or more cups of coffee per day, followed by a period of 12 to 16 hours' abstinence, can present withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, lethargy, irritability and inability to work.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Individuals drinking 5 or more cups of coffee per day, followed by a period of 12 to 16 hours' abstinence, can present withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, lethargy, irritability and inability to work (Kaminsky, Fisberg, 1992) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF22" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Kaminsky, Fisberg, 1992)" ] } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Recently in Papua New Guinea and in African areas where malaria is seasonal, Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) led to a significant reduction on malaria incidence in children.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Recently in Papua New Guinea and in African areas where malaria is seasonal, Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) led to a significant reduction on malaria incidence in children [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF18", "BIBREF19", "BIBREF20", "BIBREF21", "BIBREF22", "BIBREF23" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]" ] }, { "text": "World Health Organization currently called Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "World Health Organization currently called Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus, the present work evaluates the introduction of Selective Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria control in riverside communities of Madeira River, in Rondônia state, Brazil.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, the present work evaluates the introduction of Selective Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria control in riverside communities of Madeira River, in Rondônia state, Brazil.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In these areas P. falciparum corresponds to 10% of malaria cases, while P. vivax is the main parasite found in the patients and remains with high prevalence levels.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In these areas P. falciparum corresponds to 10% of malaria cases, while P. vivax is the main parasite found in the patients and remains with high prevalence levels [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "Domains are the building blocks of proteins.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Domains are the building blocks of proteins.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Domains functions of multi-domain proteins contribute to our understanding of the proteins.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Domains functions of multi-domain proteins contribute to our understanding of the proteins (Lee & Lee, 2008) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Lee & Lee, 2008)" ] }, { "text": "Domains can occur as single-domain proteins or in combinations to form multi-domain proteins.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Domains can occur as single-domain proteins or in combinations to form multi-domain proteins (Han, et al., 2007) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Han, et al., 2007)" ] }, { "text": "The analyses of complete genome sequences have revealed that multi-domain proteins have increased in number during evolution; two-thirds of prokaryote proteins contain more than two domains, whereas in eukaryotes about four-fifths of proteins are multi-domain.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The analyses of complete genome sequences have revealed that multi-domain proteins have increased in number during evolution; two-thirds of prokaryote proteins contain more than two domains, whereas in eukaryotes about four-fifths of proteins are multi-domain (Chothia, et al., 2003) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Chothia, et al., 2003)" ] }, { "text": "These data indicate that eukaryote proteins are developing more complex domain architectures and properties, formed by domain duplication and combinations of a limited repertoire of domain types.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "These data indicate that eukaryote proteins are developing more complex domain architectures and properties, formed by domain duplication and combinations of a limited repertoire of domain types (Ye & Godzik, 2004) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF18" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Ye & Godzik, 2004)" ] } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "A heightened interest in understanding the remitting practices of immigrants and their impact on a variety of economic indicators has emerged as remittances to developing countries have risen substantially over the past decade, in some cases surpassing development assistance flows to developing countries.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "A heightened interest in understanding the remitting practices of immigrants and their impact on a variety of economic indicators has emerged as remittances to developing countries have risen substantially over the past decade, in some cases surpassing development assistance flows to developing countries (Amuedo-Dorantes et al. 2005) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Amuedo-Dorantes et al. 2005)" ] }, { "text": "In Nepal, for example, the World Bank reports that remittances amounted to $5.6 billion (US dollars) in 2013, or about 29% of GDP, while official development assistance and aid totaled approximately $870.6 million.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In Nepal, for example, the World Bank reports that remittances amounted to $5.6 billion (US dollars) in 2013, or about 29% of GDP, while official development assistance and aid totaled approximately $870.6 million (World Bank 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF16" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(World Bank 2015)" ] }, { "text": "Scholars have long been interested in how households use remittance income in developing countries.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Scholars have long been interested in how households use remittance income in developing countries (Lucas 1987) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Lucas 1987)" ] }, { "text": "Certainly remittances received by a household relax the budget constraint and may lead to increased consumption.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Certainly remittances received by a household relax the budget constraint and may lead to increased consumption.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "If remittances primarily enhance consumption, they may have no lasting impact on economic growth.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "If remittances primarily enhance consumption, they may have no lasting impact on economic growth.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, remittances can foster growth if remittances increase household investment through acquiring more education, starting a small business or financing new agricultural technology.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, remittances can foster growth if remittances increase household investment through acquiring more education, starting a small business or financing new agricultural technology (Woodruff, 2007; Nenova et al. 2009; Mendola 2008) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF15", "BIBREF12", "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Woodruff, 2007; Nenova et al. 2009; Mendola 2008)" ] }, { "text": "Evidence of asset accumulation related to remittances has piqued economists' interest in remittances as a vehicle for economic growth and development.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Evidence of asset accumulation related to remittances has piqued economists' interest in remittances as a vehicle for economic growth and development.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "E-government architectures should not be merely about service delivery, but also about integrating and sharing resources and using common systems.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "E-government architectures should not be merely about service delivery, but also about integrating and sharing resources and using common systems [17] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[17]" ] }, { "text": "Opportunities for joint-development, pooling of resources and coordination of efforts are often neglected due to the lack of overview.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Opportunities for joint-development, pooling of resources and coordination of efforts are often neglected due to the lack of overview.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The need for improved coordination calls for an enterprise architecture.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The need for improved coordination calls for an enterprise architecture.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Furthermore, hospitals are fast paced health care environments and indicated that newly graduated nurses encounter stressful challenges transitioning from student (graduate) to the professional nurse in the workforce.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Furthermore, hospitals are fast paced health care environments and indicated that newly graduated nurses encounter stressful challenges transitioning from student (graduate) to the professional nurse in the workforce.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This issue must be given unabated priority, because loss of the new graduate has financial and patient safety implications.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This issue must be given unabated priority, because loss of the new graduate has financial and patient safety implications (Wu et al., 2012) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF60" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Wu et al., 2012)" ] }, { "text": "Therefore, this study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of what types of situations cause stress in hospitals how that stress affects job performance.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, this study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of what types of situations cause stress in hospitals how that stress affects job performance.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Authors hope to identify the relationship between the job stressors towards job performance of nurses in Malaysia.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Authors hope to identify the relationship between the job stressors towards job performance of nurses in Malaysia.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Italy has undergone a deep-reaching reorganization of the mental health-care system in the past thirty years.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Italy has undergone a deep-reaching reorganization of the mental health-care system in the past thirty years [10] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF9" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[10]" ] }, { "text": "The complete closing down of the obsolete mental health hospitals (with the exception of forensic mental health hospitals) was accompanied by the development of a dedicated system *Address correspondence to this author at the A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Programma 2000 -Via Livigno, 3, 20128 Milan, Italy; Tel: +39 02 64445554 -+39 02 66809801; Fax: +39 02 66809809; E-mails: [email protected] and [email protected] of mental health departments.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The complete closing down of the obsolete mental health hospitals (with the exception of forensic mental health hospitals) was accompanied by the development of a dedicated system *Address correspondence to this author at the A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Programma 2000 -Via Livigno, 3, 20128 Milan, Italy; Tel: +39 02 64445554 -+39 02 66809801; Fax: +39 02 66809809; E-mails: [email protected] and [email protected] of mental health departments [11, 12] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[11, 12]" ] }, { "text": "These departments are intertwined with general hospitals (where are the operating psychiatric wards for acute treatment), and a network of community services covering all the requirements of child, adolescent and adult populations.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "These departments are intertwined with general hospitals (where are the operating psychiatric wards for acute treatment), and a network of community services covering all the requirements of child, adolescent and adult populations [13, 14] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12", "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[13, 14]" ] }, { "text": "This community mental health-care network operates within the framework of a quasi-market, mixed private-public system of health-care provision, assuring patients freedom of choice between public and private centers of psychiatric care.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This community mental health-care network operates within the framework of a quasi-market, mixed private-public system of health-care provision, assuring patients freedom of choice between public and private centers of psychiatric care [12, 15] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11", "BIBREF14" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[12, 15]" ] }, { "text": "All psychiatric services are free of charge to patients and their families, as the costs of assessment and treatment are covered by general taxation, although some fees are paid for psychotherapy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "All psychiatric services are free of charge to patients and their families, as the costs of assessment and treatment are covered by general taxation, although some fees are paid for psychotherapy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The threshold for access to these services is very low, so patients can book a visit even without a formal indication by their general practitioner.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The threshold for access to these services is very low, so patients can book a visit even without a formal indication by their general practitioner.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, Italy is a suitable ground to study the characteristics of patients diagnosed with first-episode psychosis (FEP), since many of them are likely to get in touch with a psychiatric service in the first years of their illness.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, Italy is a suitable ground to study the characteristics of patients diagnosed with first-episode psychosis (FEP), since many of them are likely to get in touch with a psychiatric service in the first years of their illness.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Management scholars have for long assumed that customer value is a critical resource in modern day markets.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Management scholars have for long assumed that customer value is a critical resource in modern day markets [7, 8, 11, 19, 37] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF10", "BIBREF18", "BIBREF37" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7, 8, 11, 19, 37]" ] }, { "text": "The pathways associated with the customer value modes uncovered in this study provide an empirical basis for improving theoretical precision concerning the links among situations and beliefs, beliefs acquisition, and beliefs use that can be viewed as presaging learning or as foreshadowing differing purposes to which customer value can be applied (thus improving existing values through exploitation or creating new values through exploration).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The pathways associated with the customer value modes uncovered in this study provide an empirical basis for improving theoretical precision concerning the links among situations and beliefs, beliefs acquisition, and beliefs use that can be viewed as presaging learning or as foreshadowing differing purposes to which customer value can be applied (thus improving existing values through exploitation or creating new values through exploration).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "For these reasons, beliefs adaptation and augmentation are not merely alternative labels for related concepts but are more elemental processes that lead to valuable outcomes, such as learning and innovation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For these reasons, beliefs adaptation and augmentation are not merely alternative labels for related concepts but are more elemental processes that lead to valuable outcomes, such as learning and innovation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Exceptional evidence exists in relevant literature that customer value and satisfaction are consequential in LMSs strategic context.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Exceptional evidence exists in relevant literature that customer value and satisfaction are consequential in LMSs strategic context [1, 12, 14, 15] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0", "BIBREF11", "BIBREF13", "BIBREF14" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1, 12, 14, 15]" ] }, { "text": "Empirical evidence of managerial beliefs transmission mechanism of adolescents is less.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Empirical evidence of managerial beliefs transmission mechanism of adolescents is less.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This study identified and explicated beliefs transmission mechanism and practices that have strongly been treated as implicit in conceptualizing relationships among value-driven approaches, situational dynamics, and beliefs transmissions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This study identified and explicated beliefs transmission mechanism and practices that have strongly been treated as implicit in conceptualizing relationships among value-driven approaches, situational dynamics, and beliefs transmissions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "The ratio of arthropod foraging to flower visitation recorded in the activity censuses was slightly higher for hermits than for nonhermits in both forest and second growth (Table 5 ) but in neither habitat was the difference statistically significant (P > 0.10; x2 tests).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The ratio of arthropod foraging to flower visitation recorded in the activity censuses was slightly higher for hermits than for nonhermits in both forest and second growth (Table 5 ) but in neither habitat was the difference statistically significant (P > 0.10; x2 tests).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The differences that were noted probably reflect biases in the respective observations, at least in part.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The differences that were noted probably reflect biases in the respective observations, at least in part.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The hover-gleaning tactics of hermits are doubtless easier to observe than the brief sallies made by many nonhermits, especially when the latter occur in the canopy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The hover-gleaning tactics of hermits are doubtless easier to observe than the brief sallies made by many nonhermits, especially when the latter occur in the canopy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Observations of hummingbirds in the canopy are very difficult to obtain in any case, and because brightly colored flowers constitute a focus of attention for the observer (as well as the hummingbird), the chances of observing a visit to a bromeliad flower are probably higher than those of observing a sally or short gleaning bout in this stratum.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Observations of hummingbirds in the canopy are very difficult to obtain in any case, and because brightly colored flowers constitute a focus of attention for the observer (as well as the hummingbird), the chances of observing a visit to a bromeliad flower are probably higher than those of observing a sally or short gleaning bout in this stratum.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Also, several of the second growth areas censused were chosen specifically for their high density of flowers of Heliconia, several species of which (e.g., H. latispatha, H. imbricata) are visited mainly by nonhermits.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Also, several of the second growth areas censused were chosen specifically for their high density of flowers of Heliconia, several species of which (e.g., H. latispatha, H. imbricata) are visited mainly by nonhermits (Stiles 1975) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF57" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Stiles 1975)" ] }, { "text": "Therefore, I do not believe that the data ( Table 5 ) justify concluding that differences exist in the proportions of nectar vs. arthropod foraging between hermits and nonhermits.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, I do not believe that the data ( Table 5 ) justify concluding that differences exist in the proportions of nectar vs. arthropod foraging between hermits and nonhermits.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "In this paper we considered a non-Hermitian matrix model describing the anomalous dimension spectrum of N = 4 SYM theory.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this paper we considered a non-Hermitian matrix model describing the anomalous dimension spectrum of N = 4 SYM theory.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In this study we did not recur to the integrability at infinite N neither to the description in terms of spin system.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this study we did not recur to the integrability at infinite N neither to the description in terms of spin system.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Moreover, N all the time was kept a finite statistically large number.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Moreover, N all the time was kept a finite statistically large number.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We introduce a notion of temperature, which in the SYM theory plays the role of auxiliary parameter allowing restoration the density of the anomalous dimensions of composite SYM operators.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We introduce a notion of temperature, which in the SYM theory plays the role of auxiliary parameter allowing restoration the density of the anomalous dimensions of composite SYM operators.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "At the same time due to the fact that the dilatation operator is the Hamiltonian corresponding to the radial time in conformal theory this temperature corresponds to compactification of the SYM to the four-dimensional sphere S 4 .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "At the same time due to the fact that the dilatation operator is the Hamiltonian corresponding to the radial time in conformal theory this temperature corresponds to compactification of the SYM to the four-dimensional sphere S 4 .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In the framework of string/gauge duality this temperature is the genuine temperature of the dual string theory and can be attributed to the presence of a black hole.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In the framework of string/gauge duality this temperature is the genuine temperature of the dual string theory and can be attributed to the presence of a black hole [22] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF21" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[22]" ] } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "In recent years, increasing interest in microalgae shown by studies and biotechnological processes is observed due to economic, ecological and nutritional applicability.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In recent years, increasing interest in microalgae shown by studies and biotechnological processes is observed due to economic, ecological and nutritional applicability.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Substances synthesized by these organisms may have commercial applicability in nutrition, human and animal health.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Substances synthesized by these organisms may have commercial applicability in nutrition, human and animal health.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In addition, compounds of interest for food, chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, among others, may be obtained from microalgae.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In addition, compounds of interest for food, chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, among others, may be obtained from microalgae (Chu et al., 2010) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Chu et al., 2010)" ] } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "On average, TA was of 1.0 mg 100g -1 citric acid, except for B2 and B3 treatments, which had quadratic effect, indicating TA increase along storage (Figure 2) .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "On average, TA was of 1.0 mg 100g -1 citric acid, except for B2 and B3 treatments, which had quadratic effect, indicating TA increase along storage (Figure 2) .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Cassava starch or corn starch use provided higher acidity in 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes compared to mangoes that were not treated with biofilms.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Cassava starch or corn starch use provided higher acidity in 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes compared to mangoes that were not treated with biofilms (Santos et al., 2011) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Santos et al., 2011)" ] }, { "text": "Generally, acidity is reduced with fruit ripening in mangoes, and organic acid intake during breathing is the main responsible for this behavior.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Generally, acidity is reduced with fruit ripening in mangoes, and organic acid intake during breathing is the main responsible for this behavior.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus, the short shelf life (a day at 21.2 ± 0.5 °C) used in this study may have not been enough to metabolize organic acids in the fruit.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, the short shelf life (a day at 21.2 ± 0.5 °C) used in this study may have not been enough to metabolize organic acids in the fruit.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "First, we present a very brief literature review on student retention.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "First, we present a very brief literature review on student retention.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Second, we explicate the commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Second, we explicate the commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing (Morgan and Hunt, 1994) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Morgan and Hunt, 1994)" ] }, { "text": "Third, we test this model from data collected at three midwestern universities.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Third, we test this model from data collected at three midwestern universities.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Finally, we arrive at certain guidelines that would allow business school administrators to develop stronger relationships with students, and thereby enhance retention.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Finally, we arrive at certain guidelines that would allow business school administrators to develop stronger relationships with students, and thereby enhance retention.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "The restricted range and relatively infrequent use of relationship processes observed in the current study may have reflected the lack of diversity in environments and social network members included as participants.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The restricted range and relatively infrequent use of relationship processes observed in the current study may have reflected the lack of diversity in environments and social network members included as participants.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The relationship processes and model applied in this study had emerged from data obtained across varied environments (family and group homes, day services and in the community) and with a range of social network members (family, support staff, peers).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The relationship processes and model applied in this study had emerged from data obtained across varied environments (family and group homes, day services and in the community) and with a range of social network members (family, support staff, peers) (Johnson et al., 2012) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Johnson et al., 2012)" ] }, { "text": "The process of sharing the message, in particular, may have been difficult to capture during the observations as, in our previous research, these were most frequent in handover between staff or when staff related stories about an individual.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The process of sharing the message, in particular, may have been difficult to capture during the observations as, in our previous research, these were most frequent in handover between staff or when staff related stories about an individual (Johnson et al., 2012) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Johnson et al., 2012)" ] }, { "text": "Sharing the message was recorded in the field notes occasionally, but usually reported in interviews.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Sharing the message was recorded in the field notes occasionally, but usually reported in interviews.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Staff were largely unaware of what service users did outside of the day program, and were not actively encouraged to find out.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Staff were largely unaware of what service users did outside of the day program, and were not actively encouraged to find out.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "The common way to construct an simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) processor is to take a superscalar out-of-order processor and allow it to fetch from multiple threads.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The common way to construct an simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) processor is to take a superscalar out-of-order processor and allow it to fetch from multiple threads [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "This procedure is simple, the fetch stage must be modified and the number of registers should be enhanced, but there are only minor modifications at the internal logic of the pipeline.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This procedure is simple, the fetch stage must be modified and the number of registers should be enhanced, but there are only minor modifications at the internal logic of the pipeline.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Despite its simplicity, this combination greatly improves processor throughput.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Despite its simplicity, this combination greatly improves processor throughput [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "Natural habitats are transformed by urbanization processes to satisfy housing needs and support human activities.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Natural habitats are transformed by urbanization processes to satisfy housing needs and support human activities [1] [2] [3] [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0", "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1] [2] [3] [4]" ] }, { "text": "Such man-made systems include physical, biological, and social processes and result in the development of urban infrastructure such as buildings and streets/roads, often leaving little space for vegetation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Such man-made systems include physical, biological, and social processes and result in the development of urban infrastructure such as buildings and streets/roads, often leaving little space for vegetation [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] }, { "text": "Among urban green patches trees commonly comprise the main component, highly represented by exotic species that can become invasive in periurban areas.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Among urban green patches trees commonly comprise the main component, highly represented by exotic species that can become invasive in periurban areas [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6]" ] }, { "text": "Thus, urbanization implies not only the alteration of habitat structure, but also the modification of the diversity and composition of its vegetation component.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, urbanization implies not only the alteration of habitat structure, but also the modification of the diversity and composition of its vegetation component [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "The volute pump type is perhaps the most common type of centrifugal pumps in the world.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The volute pump type is perhaps the most common type of centrifugal pumps in the world.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is widely applied in industrial and civilian use.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is widely applied in industrial and civilian use.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In these applications, the vibrations and noise problems are getting more and more attention.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In these applications, the vibrations and noise problems are getting more and more attention.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Both vibrations and noise can affect the centrifugal pump performance and its life.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Both vibrations and noise can affect the centrifugal pump performance and its life.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In centrifugal pumps, the sources of vibrations and noise may lie in hydraulic or mechanical aspects.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In centrifugal pumps, the sources of vibrations and noise may lie in hydraulic or mechanical aspects [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "But, under normal operating condition, the blade passing frequency is the most usual excitation of vibrations and noise.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "But, under normal operating condition, the blade passing frequency is the most usual excitation of vibrations and noise.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The blade passing frequency (BPF) is represented as the product of the number of blades and rotation speed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The blade passing frequency (BPF) is represented as the product of the number of blades and rotation speed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Large BPF amplitude (and its harmonics) can lead to a lot of noise and vibrations, which may be the source of components wear and bearing failure.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Large BPF amplitude (and its harmonics) can lead to a lot of noise and vibrations, which may be the source of components wear and bearing failure [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "This frequency is a consequence of the nonuniformity of the flow at the impeller outlet which is caused by the effects of the rotor-stator interaction.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This frequency is a consequence of the nonuniformity of the flow at the impeller outlet which is caused by the effects of the rotor-stator interaction.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "The nonuniformity of the flow exiting the impeller is greatly affected by the impeller outlet width, according to the literature.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The nonuniformity of the flow exiting the impeller is greatly affected by the impeller outlet width, according to the literature [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] }, { "text": "The turbulent dissipation losses in the collector increase with the nonuniformity of the flow at the impeller outlet.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The turbulent dissipation losses in the collector increase with the nonuniformity of the flow at the impeller outlet.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As a result, the pump performance and shaft power are affected.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As a result, the pump performance and shaft power are affected.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Studies have been conducted in order to improve the pump performance through optimizing the outlet width.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Studies have been conducted in order to improve the pump performance through optimizing the outlet width [4] [5] [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4] [5] [6]" ] }, { "text": "In respect of vibrations and noise, although these characteristics are expected to vary with the outlet width, the detailed studies have not been conducted.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In respect of vibrations and noise, although these characteristics are expected to vary with the outlet width, the detailed studies have not been conducted.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The current work is mainly to investigate the effects of the impeller outlet width on hydraulically generated vibration and noise of a centrifugal pump.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The current work is mainly to investigate the effects of the impeller outlet width on hydraulically generated vibration and noise of a centrifugal pump.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "To do the investigation, the analysis model for vibrations and noise of centrifugal pumps should be developed at first.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To do the investigation, the analysis model for vibrations and noise of centrifugal pumps should be developed at first.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Most previous works have focused on theoretical and experimental studies.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Most previous works have focused on theoretical and experimental studies [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9", "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11", "BIBREF12", "BIBREF13", "BIBREF14", "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]" ] }, { "text": "Recently, the fluid-dynamic calculations combined with acoustic analogies have been developed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Recently, the fluid-dynamic calculations combined with acoustic analogies have been developed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Currently, more than half of MPM patients are 70 years or older.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Currently, more than half of MPM patients are 70 years or older [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] }, { "text": "For some old frail patients, it is difficult to undergo invasive procedures such as thoracoscopy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For some old frail patients, it is difficult to undergo invasive procedures such as thoracoscopy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Among those old frail patients at high risk of suffering MPM, simple methods to rule out MPM with high accuracy would be valuable for their follow-up.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Among those old frail patients at high risk of suffering MPM, simple methods to rule out MPM with high accuracy would be valuable for their follow-up.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been applied for the differential diagnosis of MPM, and it has been reported that elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels with low CEA levels in PE are highly suggestive of MPM, or that MPM should be suspected when the ratio of CYFRA 21-1 to CEA in PE (CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio) is elevated.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been applied for the differential diagnosis of MPM, and it has been reported that elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels with low CEA levels in PE are highly suggestive of MPM, or that MPM should be suspected when the ratio of CYFRA 21-1 to CEA in PE (CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio) is elevated [6, 7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6, 7]" ] }, { "text": "Furthermore, the utility of assessment of the PE levels of soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP), which is also known as mesothelin, in MPM diagnosis has been reported.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Furthermore, the utility of assessment of the PE levels of soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP), which is also known as mesothelin, in MPM diagnosis has been reported [1, 4, [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9", "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11", "BIBREF12", "BIBREF13", "BIBREF14", "BIBREF15", "BIBREF16", "BIBREF17", "BIBREF18", "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1, 4, [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]" ] }, { "text": "However, only two previous reports have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of simultaneous assessment of SMRP, CYFRA 21-1 and CEA when diagnosing MPM.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, only two previous reports have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of simultaneous assessment of SMRP, CYFRA 21-1 and CEA when diagnosing MPM [9, 18] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8", "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[9, 18]" ] }, { "text": "Moreover, no previous reports have analyzed if the addition of chest CT findings to these PE biomarkers might enhance the sensitivity in diagnosing MPM, even though chest CT findings are important when malignant pleural diseases are suspected.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Moreover, no previous reports have analyzed if the addition of chest CT findings to these PE biomarkers might enhance the sensitivity in diagnosing MPM, even though chest CT findings are important when malignant pleural diseases are suspected [21] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[21]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "CHP technology has matured in the last few years to such a degree that certain devices are nowadays available in the market as boiler substitutes for domestic and commercial consumers.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "CHP technology has matured in the last few years to such a degree that certain devices are nowadays available in the market as boiler substitutes for domestic and commercial consumers [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "These units run on natural gas and usually 60 to 80% of the fuel they consume is used to generate useful heat and electricity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These units run on natural gas and usually 60 to 80% of the fuel they consume is used to generate useful heat and electricity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Due to the above reasons, natural gas is seen as the fuel of choice for a developed country committed to the environment.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Due to the above reasons, natural gas is seen as the fuel of choice for a developed country committed to the environment [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "For instance, the UK's goal is to have an installed CHP capacity of 10 GW el by 2010.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "For instance, the UK's goal is to have an installed CHP capacity of 10 GW el by 2010 [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] }, { "text": "Though energy service networks have traditionally evolved separately from one another, the progress of cogeneration has the potential to create a powerful synergy that increases the overall efficiency of heat and power delivery to final consumers.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Though energy service networks have traditionally evolved separately from one another, the progress of cogeneration has the potential to create a powerful synergy that increases the overall efficiency of heat and power delivery to final consumers.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This means interrelationships between G&E infrastructures have to be identified and quantified so integrated decisions can bring benefits to the investment made by network operators.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This means interrelationships between G&E infrastructures have to be identified and quantified so integrated decisions can bring benefits to the investment made by network operators [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Energy is a basic requirement for human existence, and thus a driving force of civilization as almost all of our everyday activities and productive processes involve energy in one form or another.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Energy is a basic requirement for human existence, and thus a driving force of civilization as almost all of our everyday activities and productive processes involve energy in one form or another [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "The economic development and living standard of any society is a function of the availability and accessibility of electrical power to her.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The economic development and living standard of any society is a function of the availability and accessibility of electrical power to her.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, the acknowledgement of the importance of increasing access to commercial electricity is fundamental for the future and sustainable development of any society.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, the acknowledgement of the importance of increasing access to commercial electricity is fundamental for the future and sustainable development of any society [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "A combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is a power plant where electricity production is done from the combination of both gas and steam turbines.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is a power plant where electricity production is done from the combination of both gas and steam turbines.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Previous work has been done on rotor-blades' profile influence on a gas compressor effectiveness.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Previous work has been done on rotor-blades' profile influence on a gas compressor effectiveness.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The study stated that in the gas turbine, atmospheric air is drawn in through an intake duct and compressed to a high pressure in the compressor consisting of a cascade of several stages of blades located on a single axle in radial form.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The study stated that in the gas turbine, atmospheric air is drawn in through an intake duct and compressed to a high pressure in the compressor consisting of a cascade of several stages of blades located on a single axle in radial form [11] [12] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[11] [12]" ] }, { "text": "The high pressure air is delivered to the combustor where fuel is sprayed and the high pressure and temperature product of combustion impinges on the turbine blades which rotates the shaft that drives an electrical generator to produce electricity and the exhaust gas energy from the gas turbine is used to generate steam in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) which then produces more electricity from a steam turbine.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The high pressure air is delivered to the combustor where fuel is sprayed and the high pressure and temperature product of combustion impinges on the turbine blades which rotates the shaft that drives an electrical generator to produce electricity and the exhaust gas energy from the gas turbine is used to generate steam in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) which then produces more electricity from a steam turbine.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "There is a great potential for increased power output and efficiency, as well as reduction of emitted pollutants to the environment, in energy converting devices by recovering waste heat to a greater extent.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "There is a great potential for increased power output and efficiency, as well as reduction of emitted pollutants to the environment, in energy converting devices by recovering waste heat to a greater extent.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It was observed that the development of combined cycle power plant is the most efficient and effective effort in this direction.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It was observed that the development of combined cycle power plant is the most efficient and effective effort in this direction.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This is gaining increasing acceptance as an alternative to conventional gas or steam cycle due to high thermal efficiency of about 60% utilizing natural gas as fuel.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This is gaining increasing acceptance as an alternative to conventional gas or steam cycle due to high thermal efficiency of about 60% utilizing natural gas as fuel [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "One of the organizations, specialized in development of wave methods of EOR is Viatech Ltd..", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "One of the organizations, specialized in development of wave methods of EOR is Viatech Ltd. [4] - [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ], [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]", "[6]" ] }, { "text": "The modified acoustical method of EOR, based on the mentioned above principles, and ultrasonic equipment for its implementation developed by us for Viatech was successfully tested on the Samotlor oil field by the specialists of CUT-Service Ltd. before.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The modified acoustical method of EOR, based on the mentioned above principles, and ultrasonic equipment for its implementation developed by us for Viatech was successfully tested on the Samotlor oil field by the specialists of CUT-Service Ltd. before [7] [8] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7] [8]" ] }, { "text": "In this article, a description of developed equipment for ultrasonic enhanced oil recovery is given, the discovered criteria for well selection and field test results of the developed technology in the Samara region and in Western Siberia are reported.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this article, a description of developed equipment for ultrasonic enhanced oil recovery is given, the discovered criteria for well selection and field test results of the developed technology in the Samara region and in Western Siberia are reported.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Several wave energy concepts around the world are currently being deployed, as well as grid-connecting full-scale wave energy converters (WECs).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Several wave energy concepts around the world are currently being deployed, as well as grid-connecting full-scale wave energy converters (WECs).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "To produce a power of more than a few MW and to enable an even power distribution, most wave energy concepts necessarily include arrays of many absorbing units.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To produce a power of more than a few MW and to enable an even power distribution, most wave energy concepts necessarily include arrays of many absorbing units.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In particular, this is true for point-absorber WECs, where buoys, small in relation to the wave length, are forced to oscillate by the surface waves.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In particular, this is true for point-absorber WECs, where buoys, small in relation to the wave length, are forced to oscillate by the surface waves.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The oscillatory motion can be converted to electricity by means of various methods, including hydraulic pumps or direct-drive generators.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The oscillatory motion can be converted to electricity by means of various methods, including hydraulic pumps or direct-drive generators.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "An overview of the different concepts can be found in one of several published comprehensive reviews.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "An overview of the different concepts can be found in one of several published comprehensive reviews [1] [2] [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0", "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1] [2] [3]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "The hydrodynamical interaction between devices decreases with increasing separation distance between the devices.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The hydrodynamical interaction between devices decreases with increasing separation distance between the devices [8, 9] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[8, 9]" ] }, { "text": "To study this effect, the interaction factor has been studied for the same farm configuration\" but with larger double circles; see Figure 2b .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To study this effect, the interaction factor has been studied for the same farm configuration\" but with larger double circles; see Figure 2b .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The interaction factor is increased slightly; hence, the destructive interaction effects are lower in the larger circles.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The interaction factor is increased slightly; hence, the destructive interaction effects are lower in the larger circles.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "On the other hand, if the WECs are all connected to a substation at the center of the circles, the cable length for connecting all of the WECs is increased for the configuration with larger circles.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "On the other hand, if the WECs are all connected to a substation at the center of the circles, the cable length for connecting all of the WECs is increased for the configuration with larger circles.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These two design parameters, lowering the destructive interaction factor and reducing cost for sea cable, must be weighed against each other, the preferred choice depending on the price per produced kW electricity versus the cost of cable.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These two design parameters, lowering the destructive interaction factor and reducing cost for sea cable, must be weighed against each other, the preferred choice depending on the price per produced kW electricity versus the cost of cable.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "TiO 2 has been proved to be an excellent photocatalyst material that can absorb ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or any illuminated light source (fluorescent lamps), to produce pairs of electrons and holes.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "TiO 2 has been proved to be an excellent photocatalyst material that can absorb ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or any illuminated light source (fluorescent lamps), to produce pairs of electrons and holes.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This is referred to as the photo-excitation stage.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This is referred to as the photo-excitation stage.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The wavelength (λ) of light necessary for photo-excitation is given by λ = hc/E, where h is the Planck's constant, c is the velocity of light in vacuum, and E is the band gap energy 3.1.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The wavelength (λ) of light necessary for photo-excitation is given by λ = hc/E, where h is the Planck's constant, c is the velocity of light in vacuum, and E is the band gap energy 3.1.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Structural Characterization of TiO 2 /Ag Nanofibers.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Structural Characterization of TiO 2 /Ag Nanofibers.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "PVP has been extensively used as a carrying polymer in fabricating various nanofibers.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "PVP has been extensively used as a carrying polymer in fabricating various nanofibers.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "PVP is also soluble in many common solvents like water, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and many others.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "PVP is also soluble in many common solvents like water, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and many others.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The low toxicity and suitable thermal properties of PVP make it a good carrying polymer.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The low toxicity and suitable thermal properties of PVP make it a good carrying polymer.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Ethanol has been reported to be a good candidate as a solvent in electrospinning of polymer nanofibers.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Ethanol has been reported to be a good candidate as a solvent in electrospinning of polymer nanofibers [11] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[11]" ] }, { "text": "We selected titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TiIP) as the precursor for electrospinning TiO 2 nanofibers.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We selected titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TiIP) as the precursor for electrospinning TiO 2 nanofibers.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "TiIP could be directly added to EtOH and it formed a stable solution.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "TiIP could be directly added to EtOH and it formed a stable solution.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In addition to PVP, acetic acid was also added to stabilize the solution and to control the hydrolysis reactions of the sol-gel precursor.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In addition to PVP, acetic acid was also added to stabilize the solution and to control the hydrolysis reactions of the sol-gel precursor.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "It is well-known that the study of vector bundles on curves is equivalent to the one of scrolls in projective space.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is well-known that the study of vector bundles on curves is equivalent to the one of scrolls in projective space.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In the present article, we will mostly take the projective point of view, together with degeneration techniques, in order to study smooth, non-special scroll surfaces of degree d, sectional genus g ≥ 0, with general moduli, which are linearly normal in P R , R = d − 2g + 1.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the present article, we will mostly take the projective point of view, together with degeneration techniques, in order to study smooth, non-special scroll surfaces of degree d, sectional genus g ≥ 0, with general moduli, which are linearly normal in P R , R = d − 2g + 1.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However we will bridge this approach with the vector-bundle one showing how projective geometry and degenerations can be used in order to improve some known results about rank-two vector bundles and to obtain some new ones (cf. also).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However we will bridge this approach with the vector-bundle one showing how projective geometry and degenerations can be used in order to improve some known results about rank-two vector bundles and to obtain some new ones (cf. also [4] ).", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Punishment toward norm-violators has been considered to be a key for sustaining a large-scale cooperation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Punishment toward norm-violators has been considered to be a key for sustaining a large-scale cooperation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It has been well known that people incur costs of punishing norm-violators even though they themselves did not suffer from norm violation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It has been well known that people incur costs of punishing norm-violators even though they themselves did not suffer from norm violation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Such punitive behavior is called third-party punishment.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Such punitive behavior is called third-party punishment (Fehr & Fischbacher, 2004) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Fehr & Fischbacher, 2004)" ] } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "However, how did costly punishment itself evolve?", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, how did costly punishment itself evolve?", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "If punishers receive more personal benefits for their punitive behavior from other group members, punishers will evolve through a process of natural selection.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "If punishers receive more personal benefits for their punitive behavior from other group members, punishers will evolve through a process of natural selection.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Indirect reciprocity model suggested that costly altruistic behavior becomes beneficial, if people selectively give resources to those who have a good reputation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Indirect reciprocity model suggested that costly altruistic behavior becomes beneficial, if people selectively give resources to those who have a good reputation (Nowak & Sigmund, 1998) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Nowak & Sigmund, 1998)" ] } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia need regularly invasive procedures, such as lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspiration, for follow up.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia need regularly invasive procedures, such as lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspiration, for follow up [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "Those children require sedation to accomplish the procedures.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Those children require sedation to accomplish the procedures.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "To achieve sedation with adequate analgesia, we need an agent not only has rapid onset and a smooth recovery period, but should also provide adequate cardiovascular and respiratory function, amnesia, and motor control throughout the procedure.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "To achieve sedation with adequate analgesia, we need an agent not only has rapid onset and a smooth recovery period, but should also provide adequate cardiovascular and respiratory function, amnesia, and motor control throughout the procedure [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "As there is no single agent that currently available offering these qualities, physicians are enforced to use mixture of different drugs at varying doses to achieve their target.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "As there is no single agent that currently available offering these qualities, physicians are enforced to use mixture of different drugs at varying doses to achieve their target [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Pathogenic M3R autoantibodies may also potentially influence cardiovascular autonomic responses.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Pathogenic M3R autoantibodies may also potentially influence cardiovascular autonomic responses.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Although the M2R subtype is the numerically and functionally predominant muscarinic receptor in the heart, recent studies have provided compelling and solid evidence in support of the important roles of M3R in regulating and maintaining cardiac function and heart disease.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Although the M2R subtype is the numerically and functionally predominant muscarinic receptor in the heart, recent studies have provided compelling and solid evidence in support of the important roles of M3R in regulating and maintaining cardiac function and heart disease [35] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF35" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[35]" ] }, { "text": "Furthermore, given the close structural similarity between the M2R and M3R, it is likely that the autoantibodies may be cross-reactive.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Furthermore, given the close structural similarity between the M2R and M3R, it is likely that the autoantibodies may be cross-reactive.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Aiming at improving the efficiency of food coldchain logistics network, shortening the logistic time of food and reducing the logistics cost of food, a genetic operator is designed reasonably and an improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the model in this study through adaptive crossover probability and mutation probability.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Aiming at improving the efficiency of food coldchain logistics network, shortening the logistic time of food and reducing the logistics cost of food, a genetic operator is designed reasonably and an improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the model in this study through adaptive crossover probability and mutation probability.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Comparing the improved genetic algorithm with the basic genetic algorithm, we have found that the improved genetic algorithm has advantages such as the prevention of premature convergence and the slowness of the late searching stage, fast arithmetic speed, good convergence and strong stability.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Comparing the improved genetic algorithm with the basic genetic algorithm, we have found that the improved genetic algorithm has advantages such as the prevention of premature convergence and the slowness of the late searching stage, fast arithmetic speed, good convergence and strong stability (Ruiz-Garcia and Lunadei, 2011) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF14" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Ruiz-Garcia and Lunadei, 2011)" ] }, { "text": "Through the research on logistics network optimization of typical cold-chain enterprises and applying the systematic theoretical method to conduct empirical analysis, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm have been proved.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Through the research on logistics network optimization of typical cold-chain enterprises and applying the systematic theoretical method to conduct empirical analysis, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm have been proved.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Despite these encouraging findings, there are several factors that could attenuate the protective effect of VMMC once large-scale programs are implemented outside of a clinical trial setting.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Despite these encouraging findings, there are several factors that could attenuate the protective effect of VMMC once large-scale programs are implemented outside of a clinical trial setting.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Among them is that VMMC may temporarily increase HIV transmission and acquisition if recently circumcised men engage in sexual activity before the surgical site is healed (i.e., there may be increased inflammation, bleeding and/or tearing along the suture line).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Among them is that VMMC may temporarily increase HIV transmission and acquisition if recently circumcised men engage in sexual activity before the surgical site is healed (i.e., there may be increased inflammation, bleeding and/or tearing along the suture line) [8] [9] [10] [11] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9", "BIBREF10" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[8] [9] [10] [11]" ] }, { "text": "Current guidelines recommend that recently circumcised men abstain from sexual activity for at least 42 days, or 6 weeks, to promote and ensure complete healing.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Current guidelines recommend that recently circumcised men abstain from sexual activity for at least 42 days, or 6 weeks, to promote and ensure complete healing [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6]" ] }, { "text": "The RCTs each promoted an abstinence period among participants, but of slightly different durations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The RCTs each promoted an abstinence period among participants, but of slightly different durations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The Orange Farm RCT advised participants to abstain from sexual activity for 6 weeks; the Rakai RCT advised participants to abstain until the wound was confirmed as healed based on visual examination by a clinician; and the Kisumu RCT advised participants to abstain for at least 30 days following VMMC.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The Orange Farm RCT advised participants to abstain from sexual activity for 6 weeks; the Rakai RCT advised participants to abstain until the wound was confirmed as healed based on visual examination by a clinician; and the Kisumu RCT advised participants to abstain for at least 30 days following VMMC.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "All the RCTs reported that some participants engaged in early sexual activity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "All the RCTs reported that some participants engaged in early sexual activity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In a review of the RCTs, in which early sexual activity was defined as a participant engaging in sexual activity less than 42 days post-circumcision, 22.5% of Orange Farm, 5.4% of Rakai, and 3.9% of Kisumu participants reported engaging in early sex.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In a review of the RCTs, in which early sexual activity was defined as a participant engaging in sexual activity less than 42 days post-circumcision, 22.5% of Orange Farm, 5.4% of Rakai, and 3.9% of Kisumu participants reported engaging in early sex [10] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF9" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[10]" ] }, { "text": "In this meta-analysis, while non-significant, there was a trend toward increased risk of HIV infection among men who resumed sex early compared to those who did not engage in early sex.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In this meta-analysis, while non-significant, there was a trend toward increased risk of HIV infection among men who resumed sex early compared to those who did not engage in early sex [10] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF9" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[10]" ] } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "The aim of this study is to adapt Yamagishi General Trust Scale to Spanish in order to achieve a measure of propensity to trust that may enable us to conduct applied and theoretical research on trust in Spanish.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The aim of this study is to adapt Yamagishi General Trust Scale to Spanish in order to achieve a measure of propensity to trust that may enable us to conduct applied and theoretical research on trust in Spanish.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Certainly, trust has a great interest because of its influence on interpersonal interactions, especially in organizational and economical settings.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Certainly, trust has a great interest because of its influence on interpersonal interactions, especially in organizational and economical settings (Evans & Revelle, 2008) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Evans & Revelle, 2008)" ] }, { "text": "Therefore, it is important to study its dispositional dimension in order to achieve a measure that allows us to predict social behavior and to contribute to the theoretical model of trust.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, it is important to study its dispositional dimension in order to achieve a measure that allows us to predict social behavior and to contribute to the theoretical model of trust.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It would be an important advance to have an instrument with established reliability and validity in order to homogenize trust research in Spanish and be able to compare the results cross-culturally, contributing to international trust literature.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It would be an important advance to have an instrument with established reliability and validity in order to homogenize trust research in Spanish and be able to compare the results cross-culturally, contributing to international trust literature.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "In sulfur vulcanization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), the basic ingredients are ZnO, stearic acid, accelerators and sulfur.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In sulfur vulcanization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), the basic ingredients are ZnO, stearic acid, accelerators and sulfur [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "The ZnO is used as an activator in rubber vulcanization and increases the efficiency of the vulcanizing or cross-linking system.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The ZnO is used as an activator in rubber vulcanization and increases the efficiency of the vulcanizing or cross-linking system.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is assumed that stearic acid accelerates the activity of ZnO which further accelerates the action of the accelerator and sulfur in the vulcanization process.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is assumed that stearic acid accelerates the activity of ZnO which further accelerates the action of the accelerator and sulfur in the vulcanization process.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "For industrial use, ZnO is produced at levels of 10 5 tons per year and about 50-60 % ZnO is used in the rubber industry.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "For industrial use, ZnO is produced at levels of 10 5 tons per year and about 50-60 % ZnO is used in the rubber industry [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "In the vulcanization of rubber, the conventional amount of ZnO is 5 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the vulcanization of rubber, the conventional amount of ZnO is 5 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The reduction of ZnO level in the rubber industry is very important from an environmental point of view, as at the end of the products' life excess ZnO is released into the lithosphere during degradation of rubber.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The reduction of ZnO level in the rubber industry is very important from an environmental point of view, as at the end of the products' life excess ZnO is released into the lithosphere during degradation of rubber [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "Zinc oxide is also released into the environment through leaching in landfill sites.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Zinc oxide is also released into the environment through leaching in landfill sites.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "More importantly, soluble zinc compounds have toxic effect on the aquatic environment.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "More importantly, soluble zinc compounds have toxic effect on the aquatic environment [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] }, { "text": "More significantly, the environmental protection agency has classified ZnO as hazardous chemical to the environment and has suggested that its application in rubber compounds should be reduced.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "More significantly, the environmental protection agency has classified ZnO as hazardous chemical to the environment and has suggested that its application in rubber compounds should be reduced [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "To solve this environmental problem, attempts have been made to reduce the ZnO level in rubber vulcanization.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "To solve this environmental problem, attempts have been made to reduce the ZnO level in rubber vulcanization [4] [5] [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4] [5] [6]" ] } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "Due to the hydrophilic nature of the surface, uniform dispersion of nano ZnO is not possible within the hydrophobic rubber matrix.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Due to the hydrophilic nature of the surface, uniform dispersion of nano ZnO is not possible within the hydrophobic rubber matrix.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "On the other hand, nanoparticles possess high surface energy.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "On the other hand, nanoparticles possess high surface energy [15] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF14" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[15]" ] }, { "text": "Due to the high surface energy, nano ZnO has the tendency to form aggregate clusters.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Due to the high surface energy, nano ZnO has the tendency to form aggregate clusters.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus, surface modification of nano ZnO is necessary to prevent agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles and also to ensure the perfect dispersion of nano ZnO within the rubber matrix.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, surface modification of nano ZnO is necessary to prevent agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles and also to ensure the perfect dispersion of nano ZnO within the rubber matrix.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Undoubtedly, SBR is the most important synthetic rubber, and the major application area for SBR rubber is the production of tires, accounting for almost 70 % of consumption.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Undoubtedly, SBR is the most important synthetic rubber, and the major application area for SBR rubber is the production of tires, accounting for almost 70 % of consumption.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In the present paper, the surface of sol-gel synthesized nano ZnO is modified by stearic acid and Si-69 to gain better compatibility between inorganic nano ZnO and organic SBR matrix.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the present paper, the surface of sol-gel synthesized nano ZnO is modified by stearic acid and Si-69 to gain better compatibility between inorganic nano ZnO and organic SBR matrix.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The main aim of the present article is to prepare SBR nanocomposites with better mechanical and thermal properties in comparison to SBR composites containing either conventional ZnO or unmodified nano ZnO by the proper use of surface-modified nano ZnO.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The main aim of the present article is to prepare SBR nanocomposites with better mechanical and thermal properties in comparison to SBR composites containing either conventional ZnO or unmodified nano ZnO by the proper use of surface-modified nano ZnO.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is noticeable that, 1 phr nano ZnO causes little enhancement in the resulting properties of SBR vulcanizate in comparison to 5 phr conventional ZnO.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is noticeable that, 1 phr nano ZnO causes little enhancement in the resulting properties of SBR vulcanizate in comparison to 5 phr conventional ZnO.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "But, there is an excellent improvement in the mechanical and thermal properties of SBR nanocomposite with 1 phr Si-69-treated nano ZnO in comparison to either 1 phr nano ZnO or 5 phr conventional ZnO. Therefore, 1 phr Si-69-treated nano ZnO is a much more efficient cure activator system than 1 phr nano ZnO and can be applied in the rubber industry to substitute 5 phr conventional ZnO in the SBR formulation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "But, there is an excellent improvement in the mechanical and thermal properties of SBR nanocomposite with 1 phr Si-69-treated nano ZnO in comparison to either 1 phr nano ZnO or 5 phr conventional ZnO. Therefore, 1 phr Si-69-treated nano ZnO is a much more efficient cure activator system than 1 phr nano ZnO and can be applied in the rubber industry to substitute 5 phr conventional ZnO in the SBR formulation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus, the present paper is an attempt to develop the rubber industry by suitable use of surfacemodified nano ZnO.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, the present paper is an attempt to develop the rubber industry by suitable use of surfacemodified nano ZnO.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "We aim to integrate cross-disciplinary understandings of and approaches to individual resilience in the workplace in order to better understand the mechanism of why some people bounce back from adverse events whereas others' well-being declines.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "We aim to integrate cross-disciplinary understandings of and approaches to individual resilience in the workplace in order to better understand the mechanism of why some people bounce back from adverse events whereas others' well-being declines (Hobfoll et al., 2007; Castellano-Tejedor, Blasco-Blasco, Pérez-Campdepadrós, & Capdevila-Ortís, 2014) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19", "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Hobfoll et al., 2007; Castellano-Tejedor, Blasco-Blasco, Pérez-Campdepadrós, & Capdevila-Ortís, 2014)" ] }, { "text": "We therefore contribute to the understanding of factors and adaptive processes that promote individual resilience.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We therefore contribute to the understanding of factors and adaptive processes that promote individual resilience.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We aim to answer the following the question: Are there distinct aspects to consider with regard to comprehensively conceptualizing resilience of individuals in the workplace?", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We aim to answer the following the question: Are there distinct aspects to consider with regard to comprehensively conceptualizing resilience of individuals in the workplace?", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "Using brine shrimp lethality bioassay tested the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of leaves of Murraya paniculata.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Using brine shrimp lethality bioassay tested the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of leaves of Murraya paniculata.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is a recent development in the bioassay for the bioactive compounds.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is a recent development in the bioassay for the bioactive compounds.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Brine shrimp lethality bioassay indicates cytotoxicity as well as a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, pesticidal, antitumor etc.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Brine shrimp lethality bioassay indicates cytotoxicity as well as a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, pesticidal, antitumor etc (Anderson et al., 1988) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Anderson et al., 1988)" ] }, { "text": "The extract was found to show potent activity against the brine shrimp nauplii.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The extract was found to show potent activity against the brine shrimp nauplii.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore the positive response obtained in the assay suggests that the extract may contain antitumor, antibacterial or pesticidal compounds.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore the positive response obtained in the assay suggests that the extract may contain antitumor, antibacterial or pesticidal compounds.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "Antinociceptive activity of the ethanol extract of Murraya paniculata was tested by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Antinociceptive activity of the ethanol extract of Murraya paniculata was tested by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Acetic acid induced writhing model represents pain sensation by triggering localized inflammatory response.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Acetic acid induced writhing model represents pain sensation by triggering localized inflammatory response.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Acetic acid, which is used to induce writhing, causes algesia by liberation of endogenous substances, which in turn excite the pain nerve endings.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Acetic acid, which is used to induce writhing, causes algesia by liberation of endogenous substances, which in turn excite the pain nerve endings (Taesotikul et al., 2003) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Taesotikul et al., 2003)" ] }, { "text": "Increased levels of PGE 2 and PGF 2α in the peritoneal fluid have been reported to be responsible for pain sensation caused by intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Increased levels of PGE 2 and PGF 2α in the peritoneal fluid have been reported to be responsible for pain sensation caused by intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid (Derardt et al., 1980) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Derardt et al., 1980)" ] }, { "text": "The ethanol extract of Murraya paniculata produced significant writhing inhibition comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium (Table 1) .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The ethanol extract of Murraya paniculata produced significant writhing inhibition comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium (Table 1) .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "On the basis of this result it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Murraya paniculata might possess analgesic activity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "On the basis of this result it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Murraya paniculata might possess analgesic activity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "Embedded passive device technology is commonly used to design passive circuits in system in package (SiP) technology, which puts many chips and passive components in a package.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Embedded passive device technology is commonly used to design passive circuits in system in package (SiP) technology, which puts many chips and passive components in a package [20] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[20]" ] }, { "text": "In comparison, system on chip (SoC) technology includes many circuits on a chip.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In comparison, system on chip (SoC) technology includes many circuits on a chip.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "SoC could be consisted in SiP, and SiP is a simplification of SoC. The most remarkable advantage of SiP is that all of the circuits can be easily developed individually, saving money and time.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "SoC could be consisted in SiP, and SiP is a simplification of SoC. The most remarkable advantage of SiP is that all of the circuits can be easily developed individually, saving money and time [21] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[21]" ] }, { "text": "In addition, the passive components designed in the CMOS process decrease quality factor and increase loss.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In addition, the passive components designed in the CMOS process decrease quality factor and increase loss.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus, the passive components in SiP perform better than SoC.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, the passive components in SiP perform better than SoC.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "The current study also suggests that cultural socialization may play an important role in influencing biracial identity development.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The current study also suggests that cultural socialization may play an important role in influencing biracial identity development.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As predicted under Hypothesis 2, those in the Asian-White Integrated group reported more Asian cultural socialization than those in the White Dominant and the Asian Dominant groups.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As predicted under Hypothesis 2, those in the Asian-White Integrated group reported more Asian cultural socialization than those in the White Dominant and the Asian Dominant groups.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Those in the Asian Dominant group reported having less exposure to White cultural socialization than those in the White Dominant and the Asian-White Integrated groups.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Those in the Asian Dominant group reported having less exposure to White cultural socialization than those in the White Dominant and the Asian-White Integrated groups.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These results are consistent with previous research suggesting that cultural socialization has a direct impact on racial identity.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "These results are consistent with previous research suggesting that cultural socialization has a direct impact on racial identity (Gartner et al., 2014) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Gartner et al., 2014)" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "To understand how roads affected habitat quality for black bears in the southern Appalachian Mountains, we evaluated habitat selection by bears using a relatively large sample size over a long temporal duration.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To understand how roads affected habitat quality for black bears in the southern Appalachian Mountains, we evaluated habitat selection by bears using a relatively large sample size over a long temporal duration.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Although the most reliable method for understanding the effects of roads on habitat quality for animals is to use direct measures of fitness (e.g., survival, reproduction, etc.), collecting such data on large carnivores is difficult.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Although the most reliable method for understanding the effects of roads on habitat quality for animals is to use direct measures of fitness (e.g., survival, reproduction, etc.), collecting such data on large carnivores is difficult.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "An alternative approach is to use studies of habitat selection, which use indirect measures of fitness.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "An alternative approach is to use studies of habitat selection, which use indirect measures of fitness.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "All studies of habitat selection are based on optimal foraging theory, which posits that patch selection, foraging decisions, and time of patch occupancy have been molded by natural selection to maximize fitness.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "All studies of habitat selection are based on optimal foraging theory, which posits that patch selection, foraging decisions, and time of patch occupancy have been molded by natural selection to maximize fitness (Charnov 1976; Pyke et al. 1977) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF15", "BIBREF53" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Charnov 1976; Pyke et al. 1977)" ] }, { "text": "The proportion of individuals in a population foraging in ways that enhance their fitness will tend to increase over time, therefore, the behaviors manifested in a population should reflect fitness strategies.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The proportion of individuals in a population foraging in ways that enhance their fitness will tend to increase over time, therefore, the behaviors manifested in a population should reflect fitness strategies.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "A positive effect in enhancing Jc and the upper critical field in MgB2 materials can be obtained by dopants, in particular by carbon, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds or by carbon based additives, e.g. SiC, ethyltoluene, carbohydrates, malic acid, and many others.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "A positive effect in enhancing Jc and the upper critical field in MgB2 materials can be obtained by dopants, in particular by carbon, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds or by carbon based additives, e.g. SiC, ethyltoluene, carbohydrates, malic acid, and many others [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9", "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11", "BIBREF12", "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]" ] }, { "text": "Some carbon goes into the MgB2 structure and slightly reduces the transition temperature, but the upper critical magnetic field and the irreversibility field increase.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Some carbon goes into the MgB2 structure and slightly reduces the transition temperature, but the upper critical magnetic field and the irreversibility field increase.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "If the amount of carbon introduced into MgB2 is too high, the reduction of the transition temperature annihilates the advantages of its addition.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "If the amount of carbon introduced into MgB2 is too high, the reduction of the transition temperature annihilates the advantages of its addition.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "The formation enthalpy of MgO is very high (exothermal process) and the introduction of boron into the MgO structure dramatically decreases -ΔHf.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The formation enthalpy of MgO is very high (exothermal process) and the introduction of boron into the MgO structure dramatically decreases -ΔHf.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The formation of MgB0.6-0.8O0.8-0.9 inclusions found in our experiments remains so far unclear.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The formation of MgB0.6-0.8O0.8-0.9 inclusions found in our experiments remains so far unclear.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Further calculations are in progress for a clarification.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Further calculations are in progress for a clarification.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, phases which are unexpected from enthalpy considerations of the isolated compound may form in a multicomponent system, such as TiH2 in titanium doped MgB2.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, phases which are unexpected from enthalpy considerations of the isolated compound may form in a multicomponent system, such as TiH2 in titanium doped MgB2 [27] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF26" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[27]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Reactive management level is concerned with determining an appropriate, immediate resolution to the problem of components that are obsolete or soon will be.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Reactive management level is concerned with determining an appropriate, immediate resolution to the problem of components that are obsolete or soon will be.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Common reactive DMSMS management approaches include: lifetime buy, bridge buy, alternative or substitute parts, buying from aftermarket sources, uprating, emulation, and salvage.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Common reactive DMSMS management approaches include: lifetime buy, bridge buy, alternative or substitute parts, buying from aftermarket sources, uprating, emulation, and salvage [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6]" ] }, { "text": "For example, lifetime buy refers to buying enough components from the original manufacture prior to the component's discontinuance to support all forecasted future manufacturing and support needs, and bridge buy means buying a sufficient number of components to reach a pre-determined future date (refresh date) when the component will be designed out of the system.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For example, lifetime buy refers to buying enough components from the original manufacture prior to the component's discontinuance to support all forecasted future manufacturing and support needs, and bridge buy means buying a sufficient number of components to reach a pre-determined future date (refresh date) when the component will be designed out of the system.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Pro-active management means that critical components that: a) have a risk of going obsolete, b) lack sufficient available quantity after obsolescence, and c) will be problematic to manage if/when they become obsolete; are identified and managed prior to their actual obsolescence event.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Pro-active management means that critical components that: a) have a risk of going obsolete, b) lack sufficient available quantity after obsolescence, and c) will be problematic to manage if/when they become obsolete; are identified and managed prior to their actual obsolescence event.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "The DMSMS type obsolescence problem is especially prevalent in \"sustainment-dominated\" systems where the cost of maintaining the system over its support life far exceeds the cost of manufacturing or procuring the system.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The DMSMS type obsolescence problem is especially prevalent in \"sustainment-dominated\" systems where the cost of maintaining the system over its support life far exceeds the cost of manufacturing or procuring the system [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "Sustainment in this paper refers to three things: keeping the system operational, continuing to manufacture and install versions of the original system that satisfy the original requirements, and finally the ability to manufacture and install versions of the original system that satisfy new and evolving requirements.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Sustainment in this paper refers to three things: keeping the system operational, continuing to manufacture and install versions of the original system that satisfy the original requirements, and finally the ability to manufacture and install versions of the original system that satisfy new and evolving requirements.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Examples of sustainment-dominated systems include airplanes, power plant controls, medical systems, military systems, telecommunications infrastructure, and other safety-and mission-critical systems.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Examples of sustainment-dominated systems include airplanes, power plant controls, medical systems, military systems, telecommunications infrastructure, and other safety-and mission-critical systems.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These types of systems have long enough design cycles that a significant portion of the technology in them is obsolete prior to the system being fielded for the first time.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These types of systems have long enough design cycles that a significant portion of the technology in them is obsolete prior to the system being fielded for the first time.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Once in the field, their operational support can be 30 years or more.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Once in the field, their operational support can be 30 years or more [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] }, { "text": "For these systems, simply replacing obsolete components with newer components is often not a viable solution because of high re-engineering costs and the prohibitive cost of system re-qualification and re-certification.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For these systems, simply replacing obsolete components with newer components is often not a viable solution because of high re-engineering costs and the prohibitive cost of system re-qualification and re-certification.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "For example, if an electronic component in the 25-year old control system of a nuclear power plant fails, an instance of the original component may have to be used to replace it so as to not jeopardize the \"grandfathered\" certification of the plant.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For example, if an electronic component in the 25-year old control system of a nuclear power plant fails, an instance of the original component may have to be used to replace it so as to not jeopardize the \"grandfathered\" certification of the plant.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Responsiveness describes a psychotherapist's ability to perceive and flexibly react to clients' emotional states and needs, as well as their ability to use interpersonal skills and techniques to achieve psychotherapy goals.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Responsiveness describes a psychotherapist's ability to perceive and flexibly react to clients' emotional states and needs, as well as their ability to use interpersonal skills and techniques to achieve psychotherapy goals (Hatcher, 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF24" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Hatcher, 2015)" ] }, { "text": "Responsive psychotherapists are aware of the subtle moment-to-moment processes that unfold in psychotherapy, while at the same time, they can see a broader picture of clients' lives.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Responsive psychotherapists are aware of the subtle moment-to-moment processes that unfold in psychotherapy, while at the same time, they can see a broader picture of clients' lives (Kramer & Stiles, 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF29" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Kramer & Stiles, 2015)" ] }, { "text": "This close attention paid by therapists guides them in deciding what to do -and when and how to do it -as new information emerges, and results in a high variability of therapeutic actions across cases and sessions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This close attention paid by therapists guides them in deciding what to do -and when and how to do it -as new information emerges, and results in a high variability of therapeutic actions across cases and sessions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Hence, the psychotherapist and client need to renegotiate their relationship constantly, because once useful relationship configuration might later lose its potential.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Hence, the psychotherapist and client need to renegotiate their relationship constantly, because once useful relationship configuration might later lose its potential.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "The present case study design has proven to be useful in tackling the complex and often ambiguous interaction of multiple psychotherapy process variables and the psychotherapy outcome.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The present case study design has proven to be useful in tackling the complex and often ambiguous interaction of multiple psychotherapy process variables and the psychotherapy outcome.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It has demonstrated the role of mo- Dropout in good-outcome psychotherapy ment-to-moment and long-term responsiveness in the psychotherapeutic alliance and shown the impact of the extent to which the alliance reflects the client's development and the influence of extratherapeutic factors.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It has demonstrated the role of mo- Dropout in good-outcome psychotherapy ment-to-moment and long-term responsiveness in the psychotherapeutic alliance and shown the impact of the extent to which the alliance reflects the client's development and the influence of extratherapeutic factors.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Psychotherapists should take care to be attuned towards clients and be aware that an intervention that worked for a particular client once does not need to work in the next moment or session.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Psychotherapists should take care to be attuned towards clients and be aware that an intervention that worked for a particular client once does not need to work in the next moment or session (Swift et al., 2017) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF55" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Swift et al., 2017)" ] }, { "text": "Moreover, the present study has provided insights into some dynamics leading to psychotherapy dropout in a case that, while successful, could be recorded in a large-scale study as a failure due to the psychotherapy discontinuation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Moreover, the present study has provided insights into some dynamics leading to psychotherapy dropout in a case that, while successful, could be recorded in a large-scale study as a failure due to the psychotherapy discontinuation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "When we consider the momentary configuration of a working alliance and how it changes over time, it becomes clear that condensing therapeutic relationships into a single evaluative dimension does violence to clinical conceptualizations of therapeutic relationships (Stiles & Goldsmith, 2010, p. 55) .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "When we consider the momentary configuration of a working alliance and how it changes over time, it becomes clear that condensing therapeutic relationships into a single evaluative dimension does violence to clinical conceptualizations of therapeutic relationships (Stiles & Goldsmith, 2010, p. 55) .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This is a more general issue in psychotherapy process-outcome research, as this research tends to be superficial relative to the complexity of the actual interactions among clients and therapists that put process variables into action.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This is a more general issue in psychotherapy process-outcome research, as this research tends to be superficial relative to the complexity of the actual interactions among clients and therapists that put process variables into action (Baldwin, Wampold, & Imel, 2007) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Baldwin, Wampold, & Imel, 2007)" ] }, { "text": "Research on psychotherapist responsiveness addresses these conceptual issues by exploring therapists' ability to notice the momentary client needs and the shifting configuration in the psychotherapeutic relationship and adapt their actions to it.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Research on psychotherapist responsiveness addresses these conceptual issues by exploring therapists' ability to notice the momentary client needs and the shifting configuration in the psychotherapeutic relationship and adapt their actions to it.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "All the sessions and the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed qualitatively by a team of five researchers using thematic analysis.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "All the sessions and the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed qualitatively by a team of five researchers using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Braun & Clarke, 2006)" ] }, { "text": "Four researchers (PD, MC, LU and RH) analyzed the IPR interviews and developed categories describing the important moments perceived by the psychotherapist and the client.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Four researchers (PD, MC, LU and RH) analyzed the IPR interviews and developed categories describing the important moments perceived by the psychotherapist and the client.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Each description included the topic the dyad talked about, their reasons for selecting of the moment as important, the description of interaction, including emotional and bodily experiences of participants, and the results of the interaction.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Each description included the topic the dyad talked about, their reasons for selecting of the moment as important, the description of interaction, including emotional and bodily experiences of participants, and the results of the interaction.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Another two researchers (PD, JR) analyzed the session transcripts and developed categories that captured three working alliance factors (goals, tasks, bond).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Another two researchers (PD, JR) analyzed the session transcripts and developed categories that captured three working alliance factors (goals, tasks, bond).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The HAT forms were used to capture the participants' perspectives after each session in this analysis.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The HAT forms were used to capture the participants' perspectives after each session in this analysis.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "After these two qualitative analyses were finished, MC checked the fit between the final categories and the data.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "After these two qualitative analyses were finished, MC checked the fit between the final categories and the data.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The first and the second authors, who were familiar with the whole dataset, then held discussions in which they summarized the results of the qualitative analyses into a final summary representing the three working alliance domains.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The first and the second authors, who were familiar with the whole dataset, then held discussions in which they summarized the results of the qualitative analyses into a final summary representing the three working alliance domains.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "Fault diagnosis is the foundation of the fault-tolerant control of the electrical machines.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Fault diagnosis is the foundation of the fault-tolerant control of the electrical machines.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In PMSMs, the usual faults include electrical faults, mechanical faults, and magnetic faults.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In PMSMs, the usual faults include electrical faults, mechanical faults, and magnetic faults [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6]" ] }, { "text": "In electrical faults, short circuit faults form 21% of the faults occurring in electrical machines.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In electrical faults, short circuit faults form 21% of the faults occurring in electrical machines.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The stator winding ITSC fault is the commonest short circuit fault in PMSMs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The stator winding ITSC fault is the commonest short circuit fault in PMSMs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It always occurs due to insulation failures but develops into more serious faults very quickly.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It always occurs due to insulation failures but develops into more serious faults very quickly [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] }, { "text": "So it is meaningful to research the effective fault diagnosis methods of stator winding interturn short circuit for PMSMs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "So it is meaningful to research the effective fault diagnosis methods of stator winding interturn short circuit for PMSMs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "To summarize, obesity is a serious problem in pregnancy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To summarize, obesity is a serious problem in pregnancy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Prior efforts at interventions have not been very effective in assisting obese women to meet GWG goals which may be attributed to failures of these interventions to adapt their content for minority women, consider group interventions, or involve prenatal care providers.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Prior efforts at interventions have not been very effective in assisting obese women to meet GWG goals which may be attributed to failures of these interventions to adapt their content for minority women, consider group interventions, or involve prenatal care providers.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In order to design a behavioral intervention that addresses these shortcomings and proves effective in improving perinatal outcomes for obese minority women, preliminary steps need to be taken to explore both the patients' and providers' perspectives on obesity, GWG and intervention characteristics.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In order to design a behavioral intervention that addresses these shortcomings and proves effective in improving perinatal outcomes for obese minority women, preliminary steps need to be taken to explore both the patients' and providers' perspectives on obesity, GWG and intervention characteristics.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In this study, focus groups are used to gather this information.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this study, focus groups are used to gather this information.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Focus groups are a form of qualitative research that can obtain opinions, beliefs and attitudes even in situations that involve sensitive issues such as obesity.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Focus groups are a form of qualitative research that can obtain opinions, beliefs and attitudes even in situations that involve sensitive issues such as obesity [40] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF39" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[40]" ] }, { "text": "Focus groups have been successful in engaging participants from culturally diverse backgrounds.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Focus groups have been successful in engaging participants from culturally diverse backgrounds [40, 41] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF39", "BIBREF40" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[40, 41]" ] } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "Notwithstanding these results, the use of revealed preferences to test a broad set of motives for charitable giving poses new challenges.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Notwithstanding these results, the use of revealed preferences to test a broad set of motives for charitable giving poses new challenges.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These arise because classical revealed-preference techniques do not readily accommodate two features that are central not only to models of charitable giving, but also to models of other-regarding preferences.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These arise because classical revealed-preference techniques do not readily accommodate two features that are central not only to models of charitable giving, but also to models of other-regarding preferences.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "One is externalities among agents, and the other is the Lancasterian characteristics within utility functions.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "One is externalities among agents, and the other is the Lancasterian characteristics within utility functions (Lancaster, 1971) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF37" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Lancaster, 1971)" ] }, { "text": "Consider a simple demonstrative model involving two individuals with preferences U i (x i , y i − y j , y i + y j ) where x i is private consumption, and y i and y j are the respective individual's contributions to a public good.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Consider a simple demonstrative model involving two individuals with preferences U i (x i , y i − y j , y i + y j ) where x i is private consumption, and y i and y j are the respective individual's contributions to a public good.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This is essentially a characteristics model because one's own contribution enters the utility function in two places: the third argument as a standard contribution to the public good, and the second argument as a component of concern about relative donations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This is essentially a characteristics model because one's own contribution enters the utility function in two places: the third argument as a standard contribution to the public good, and the second argument as a component of concern about relative donations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Negative and positive externalities are also present in the second and third arguments, respectively.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Negative and positive externalities are also present in the second and third arguments, respectively.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As we will show, the two features of characteristics and externalities are fundamental to both standard models of public good provision and alternative models that incorporate social comparisons based on relative donations, consumption, or both.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As we will show, the two features of characteristics and externalities are fundamental to both standard models of public good provision and alternative models that incorporate social comparisons based on relative donations, consumption, or both.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "In the brain, the water content is strictly regulated by the BBB that preserves the central nervous system homeostasis.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the brain, the water content is strictly regulated by the BBB that preserves the central nervous system homeostasis.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In MRI, the T1-relaxation time is a basic physical value which is substantially influenced by the content of interstitial tissue water.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In MRI, the T1-relaxation time is a basic physical value which is substantially influenced by the content of interstitial tissue water [8] [9] [10] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[8] [9] [10]" ] }, { "text": "When the tumoral BBB is damaged, water and paramagnetic gadolinium (Gd) complexes may pass into the perivascular tissue, allowing thermodynamic interaction with their surroundings, the lattice.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "When the tumoral BBB is damaged, water and paramagnetic gadolinium (Gd) complexes may pass into the perivascular tissue, allowing thermodynamic interaction with their surroundings, the lattice.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The spin-lattice relaxation time, also known as T1, decreases when proteins and Gd complexes accumulate but increases when only water accumulates.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The spin-lattice relaxation time, also known as T1, decreases when proteins and Gd complexes accumulate but increases when only water accumulates [11] [12] [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11", "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[11] [12] [13]" ] }, { "text": "While Gd complexes are too large to diffuse over long distances outside the tumor tissue, water diffuses far beyond the tumor tissue and results in peritumoral edema mainly along white matter tracts.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "While Gd complexes are too large to diffuse over long distances outside the tumor tissue, water diffuses far beyond the tumor tissue and results in peritumoral edema mainly along white matter tracts [14] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[14]" ] }, { "text": "Increased tissue water results in T1-prolongation in glioblastoma tissue and its surrounding edema.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Increased tissue water results in T1-prolongation in glioblastoma tissue and its surrounding edema [12, 13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11", "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[12, 13]" ] }, { "text": "However, different composition of the lattice according to the presence of tissue water should result in different T1 values.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, different composition of the lattice according to the presence of tissue water should result in different T1 values.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "QT1 mapping is a quantitative method that enables estimation of the interstitial water content.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "QT1 mapping is a quantitative method that enables estimation of the interstitial water content [15, 16] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF14", "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[15, 16]" ] } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "The GHG budget for a beef cattle production system indicates that about 53%-63% of net GHG emissions originate from enteric CH 4.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The GHG budget for a beef cattle production system indicates that about 53%-63% of net GHG emissions originate from enteric CH 4 (Beauchemin et al. 2010; Basarab et al. 2012) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6", "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Beauchemin et al. 2010; Basarab et al. 2012)" ] }, { "text": "This means that the effect of increased consumption of forage by cattle could increase GHG emissions if the CH 4 component overrides the reduction in N 2 O emissions from annual crops.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This means that the effect of increased consumption of forage by cattle could increase GHG emissions if the CH 4 component overrides the reduction in N 2 O emissions from annual crops.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Clearly, the CO 2 flux from soil must be considered, because modelling assessments have shown the importance of this to accurately assess net GHG balance in livestock production systems.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Clearly, the CO 2 flux from soil must be considered, because modelling assessments have shown the importance of this to accurately assess net GHG balance in livestock production systems (Vergé et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF49", "BIBREF50" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Vergé et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2015)" ] } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "In AAV, PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA are not only biomarkers but also pathogenic factors.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In AAV, PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA are not only biomarkers but also pathogenic factors.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Although the activation of MPO was thought to be harmful, the inhibition of MPO oxidation activity by MPO-ANCA was not found to be protective in the current study.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Although the activation of MPO was thought to be harmful, the inhibition of MPO oxidation activity by MPO-ANCA was not found to be protective in the current study.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This result is similar to the study on WG, in which the inhibitory anti-PR3 antibodies were found more frequently in active diseases than in remission.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This result is similar to the study on WG, in which the inhibitory anti-PR3 antibodies were found more frequently in active diseases than in remission [26] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF26" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[26]" ] }, { "text": "Actually, MPO has multiple pathogenic effects in MPA.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Actually, MPO has multiple pathogenic effects in MPA.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As an enzyme, MPO can catalyze the production of HOCl.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As an enzyme, MPO can catalyze the production of HOCl.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As an autoantigen, MPO can bind MPO-ANCA, and neutrophils can subsequently be activated.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "As an autoantigen, MPO can bind MPO-ANCA, and neutrophils can subsequently be activated [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] }, { "text": "So the total pathogenic effect of the MPO-ANCA after binding MPO is complicated.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "So the total pathogenic effect of the MPO-ANCA after binding MPO is complicated.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "MPO can be inhibited by ceruloplasmin in physical status.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "MPO can be inhibited by ceruloplasmin in physical status.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This binding can be reversed by MPO-ANCA.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This binding can be reversed by MPO-ANCA.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In the current study, the oxidation activity of MPO after binding MPO-ANCA positively correlated with the level of ceruloplasmin binding on MPO in the presence of antibody, and negatively correlated with the avidity of MPO-ANCA.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the current study, the oxidation activity of MPO after binding MPO-ANCA positively correlated with the level of ceruloplasmin binding on MPO in the presence of antibody, and negatively correlated with the avidity of MPO-ANCA.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "So the MPO-ANCA with higher avidity had stronger ability to compete with ceruloplasmin to bind MPO and to reverse the binding between ceruloplasmin and MPO, as compared with the MPO-ANCA with lower avidity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "So the MPO-ANCA with higher avidity had stronger ability to compete with ceruloplasmin to bind MPO and to reverse the binding between ceruloplasmin and MPO, as compared with the MPO-ANCA with lower avidity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, in the presence of the MPO-ANCA with higher avidity, the MPO will lose more inhibition by ceruloplasmin and then will have the ability to injure the target tissue slowly with the remaining oxidation activity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, in the presence of the MPO-ANCA with higher avidity, the MPO will lose more inhibition by ceruloplasmin and then will have the ability to injure the target tissue slowly with the remaining oxidation activity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This pathogenic effect might compensate the decrease of MPO activity induced by the MPO-ANCA with higher avidity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This pathogenic effect might compensate the decrease of MPO activity induced by the MPO-ANCA with higher avidity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "The NP aggregation induced by fibrinogen is, as for IgG, dependent on the protein concentration ( Fig. 3(a) ).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The NP aggregation induced by fibrinogen is, as for IgG, dependent on the protein concentration ( Fig. 3(a) ).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In contrast to IgG, there are large structural changes in fibrinogen that occur after binding to the NPs (Fig. S10 in the ESM) .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In contrast to IgG, there are large structural changes in fibrinogen that occur after binding to the NPs (Fig. S10 in the ESM) .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "DLS data show that the mean hydrodynamic diameter of the formed aggregates follows the same pattern as for IgG (Table S3 in the ESM).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "DLS data show that the mean hydrodynamic diameter of the formed aggregates follows the same pattern as for IgG (Table S3 in the ESM).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Large aggregates form at low fibrinogen concentrations but, at high fibrinogen concentrations, the size of the PS-OSO 3 H:fibrinogen complex is about 75 nm.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Large aggregates form at low fibrinogen concentrations but, at high fibrinogen concentrations, the size of the PS-OSO 3 H:fibrinogen complex is about 75 nm.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Adding fibrinogen to FCS also induces the strong aggregation of PS-OSO 3 H NPs (Fig. 3(b) ).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Adding fibrinogen to FCS also induces the strong aggregation of PS-OSO 3 H NPs (Fig. 3(b) ).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The fibrinogen concentration in serum is close to 3 mg/mL in plasma and uncoagulated blood; therefore, fibrinogen together with IgG is probably the primary driver of NP aggregation in blood.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The fibrinogen concentration in serum is close to 3 mg/mL in plasma and uncoagulated blood; therefore, fibrinogen together with IgG is probably the primary driver of NP aggregation in blood.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The same concentration dependent fibrinogen-induced aggregation in buffer was previously shown for polyacrylic acidconjugated gold NPs.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The same concentration dependent fibrinogen-induced aggregation in buffer was previously shown for polyacrylic acidconjugated gold NPs [27] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF27" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[27]" ] }, { "text": "The authors suggest that when there is an excess of particle surface, fibrinogen acts as a bridge between them to form large aggregates but, when there is an excess of fibrinogen, the NP surface is rapidly covered by protein to prevent bridging between the NPs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The authors suggest that when there is an excess of particle surface, fibrinogen acts as a bridge between them to form large aggregates but, when there is an excess of fibrinogen, the NP surface is rapidly covered by protein to prevent bridging between the NPs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "The findings of Study 1 shed light on different age norms concerning the ability and motivation to share and receive knowledge by indicating that age has an impact on perceived ability and motivation to share and receive knowledge.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The findings of Study 1 shed light on different age norms concerning the ability and motivation to share and receive knowledge by indicating that age has an impact on perceived ability and motivation to share and receive knowledge.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Our finding that age is positively associated with perceived motivation to share knowledge (Hypothesis 1b), but not with perceived ability to share knowledge (Hypothesis 1a), suggests that rather than being the go-to people, older workers are perceived as employees who see themselves as the go-to people based on their need to share work experiences with their younger colleagues.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Our finding that age is positively associated with perceived motivation to share knowledge (Hypothesis 1b), but not with perceived ability to share knowledge (Hypothesis 1a), suggests that rather than being the go-to people, older workers are perceived as employees who see themselves as the go-to people based on their need to share work experiences with their younger colleagues.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "People's scepticism about older workers' ability to share knowledge might be explained by negative age stereotypes, which portray older workers as less competent due to declining mental capacities.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "People's scepticism about older workers' ability to share knowledge might be explained by negative age stereotypes, which portray older workers as less competent due to declining mental capacities (Cuddy, Norton, & Fiske, 2005) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Cuddy, Norton, & Fiske, 2005)" ] }, { "text": "Our findings that younger workers were more likely than older workers to be perceived as able and motivated to receive knowledge (Hypotheses 2a and 2b) support the existence of age norms that portray younger workers as inexperienced but open to receiving information.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Our findings that younger workers were more likely than older workers to be perceived as able and motivated to receive knowledge (Hypotheses 2a and 2b) support the existence of age norms that portray younger workers as inexperienced but open to receiving information (Deal et al., 2010; Nadler et al., 2017; North & Fiske, 2012) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19", "BIBREF60", "BIBREF61" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Deal et al., 2010; Nadler et al., 2017; North & Fiske, 2012)" ] } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Most of the countries with their own languages have picked up English as a foreign language.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Most of the countries with their own languages have picked up English as a foreign language [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "These countries adopted the English language as their official language to meet their economic needs at the global level.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These countries adopted the English language as their official language to meet their economic needs at the global level.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The English language is extremely used in educational institutions as well.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The English language is extremely used in educational institutions as well.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Language learning is highly influenced by learners' attitude and motivation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Language learning is highly influenced by learners' attitude and motivation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "In the field of geotechnical engineering, it has long been known that swelling of expansive soils caused by moisture change results in significant distresses and hence in severe damage to overlying structures.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the field of geotechnical engineering, it has long been known that swelling of expansive soils caused by moisture change results in significant distresses and hence in severe damage to overlying structures.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Shrinking and swelling are aggravated by wide swings in the water content, which are due to climatic conditions and wide variations in the rainfall; in addition expansive clays soils are extensively distributed worldwide.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Shrinking and swelling are aggravated by wide swings in the water content, which are due to climatic conditions and wide variations in the rainfall; in addition expansive clays soils are extensively distributed worldwide [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "These facts cause severe safety and economic problems.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "These facts cause severe safety and economic problems [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "For instance, the annual cost of damage is estimated to be around $1000 million in the USA.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "For instance, the annual cost of damage is estimated to be around $1000 million in the USA [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "On the other hand, the plastic behavior of fibers also has an interesting effect, since during compaction hard particles in soil can produce deformation of fiber body.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "On the other hand, the plastic behavior of fibers also has an interesting effect, since during compaction hard particles in soil can produce deformation of fiber body.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This was reported as an additional parameter to take into account since pits and deformations result in an increase in fiber surface roughness an interfacial interlock force.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This was reported as an additional parameter to take into account since pits and deformations result in an increase in fiber surface roughness an interfacial interlock force [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[13]" ] }, { "text": "The above considerations are especially important in soil stabilization with natural materials, which recently have received a great attention in reinforcement of soils with natural fibers.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The above considerations are especially important in soil stabilization with natural materials, which recently have received a great attention in reinforcement of soils with natural fibers.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In Table 1 some natural fibers used to change the properties of soils and their effects are presented.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In Table 1 some natural fibers used to change the properties of soils and their effects are presented.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Then, as it can be observed, in nature, it is possible to find an almost infinite source of high performance materials which are still waiting for serious studies to establish them as basis for innovative technologies and useful raw materials.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Then, as it can be observed, in nature, it is possible to find an almost infinite source of high performance materials which are still waiting for serious studies to establish them as basis for innovative technologies and useful raw materials.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "However, the importance of biotic interactions is increasingly taken into account in the structuring of plant communities in littoral saline habitats.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the importance of biotic interactions is increasingly taken into account in the structuring of plant communities in littoral saline habitats (Ungar 1998; Noe & Zedler 2001) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF36", "BIBREF27" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Ungar 1998; Noe & Zedler 2001)" ] }, { "text": "Intra-and interspecific interactions, both negative (e.g. competition) and positive (e.g. facilitation), can operate simultaneously, the result depending on factors such as life stage, plant density, species-specific physiology, indirect interactions, or bi-otic stress.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Intra-and interspecific interactions, both negative (e.g. competition) and positive (e.g. facilitation), can operate simultaneously, the result depending on factors such as life stage, plant density, species-specific physiology, indirect interactions, or bi-otic stress (Callaway & Walker 1997; Chambers 2001) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5", "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Callaway & Walker 1997; Chambers 2001)" ] }, { "text": "In areas of marked environmental stress (i.e. Mediterranean salt marshes), facilitation mechanisms have a decisive role in species distribution and the zonation of plant communities.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In areas of marked environmental stress (i.e. Mediterranean salt marshes), facilitation mechanisms have a decisive role in species distribution and the zonation of plant communities (Bertness & Callaway 1994; Callaway 1994; Rubio-Casal et al. 2001) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF30" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Bertness & Callaway 1994; Callaway 1994; Rubio-Casal et al. 2001)" ] }, { "text": "Despite the significance of positive interactions as they have been documented for different habitats and zones, the processes of facilitation in communities of submerged aquatic plants are little documented at a worldwide scale.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Despite the significance of positive interactions as they have been documented for different habitats and zones, the processes of facilitation in communities of submerged aquatic plants are little documented at a worldwide scale (Callaway & Walker 1997; Ungar 1998) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5", "BIBREF36" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Callaway & Walker 1997; Ungar 1998)" ] } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "There is increasing recognition that being a successful entrepreneur requires more than venture capital.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "There is increasing recognition that being a successful entrepreneur requires more than venture capital (Crane and Sohl, 2004) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Crane and Sohl, 2004)" ] }, { "text": "In this article, we suggest that in order to be successful, immigrant entrepreneurs need to go beyond the traditional prescriptions of success such as having financial and physical capital.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this article, we suggest that in order to be successful, immigrant entrepreneurs need to go beyond the traditional prescriptions of success such as having financial and physical capital.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These are obviously necessary, but we would suggest are no longer sufficient in today's hyper-competitive environment.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These are obviously necessary, but we would suggest are no longer sufficient in today's hyper-competitive environment.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We propose that to be successful, immigrant entrepreneurs also need to recognise, develop, invest, and leverage in their own and their associates human, social, and especially their psychological capital.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We propose that to be successful, immigrant entrepreneurs also need to recognise, develop, invest, and leverage in their own and their associates human, social, and especially their psychological capital.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "While sufficient data is not yet available on the definitive number of jobs and amount of wealth created by immigrant entrepreneurs, it is clearly evident that entrepreneurship is increasingly viewed as an important alternative to wage labour for immigrants around the world.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "While sufficient data is not yet available on the definitive number of jobs and amount of wealth created by immigrant entrepreneurs, it is clearly evident that entrepreneurship is increasingly viewed as an important alternative to wage labour for immigrants around the world.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Like natives, immigrants start businesses for the appeal of being their own boss and having greater control of their destiny.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Like natives, immigrants start businesses for the appeal of being their own boss and having greater control of their destiny.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In addition, immigrants may also create their own companies if they lack the criteria needed to succeed in existing large businesses.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In addition, immigrants may also create their own companies if they lack the criteria needed to succeed in existing large businesses.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Such criteria may include language proficiency, proper education, and other such credentials that established firms normally seek.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Such criteria may include language proficiency, proper education, and other such credentials that established firms normally seek (Aldrich and Waldinger, 1990) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Aldrich and Waldinger, 1990)" ] } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "Regardless of the motives for launching a new venture, starting and succeeding at your own business is a very risky undertaking.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Regardless of the motives for launching a new venture, starting and succeeding at your own business is a very risky undertaking.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A 2002 Small Business Administration study found that approximately two-thirds of new firms are still operating after two years, but only approximately 40% of these businesses make it to their sixth year of operation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A 2002 Small Business Administration study found that approximately two-thirds of new firms are still operating after two years, but only approximately 40% of these businesses make it to their sixth year of operation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Yet, success is possible, as evidenced by well-known success stories such as Yahoo and Hotmail, both founded by immigrants.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Yet, success is possible, as evidenced by well-known success stories such as Yahoo and Hotmail, both founded by immigrants (Saxenian, 2000) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF45" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Saxenian, 2000)" ] } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "This paper presents work from the SPIRIT project on extracting spatial metadata from web pages for prototyping a working GIR system.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This paper presents work from the SPIRIT project on extracting spatial metadata from web pages for prototyping a working GIR system [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] }, { "text": "Simple methods for geo-parsing and geo-coding have been presented which address specific constraints including execution time and language independence.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Simple methods for geo-parsing and geo-coding have been presented which address specific constraints including execution time and language independence.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Methods used are relatively simple and provide a baseline upon which to construct more complex approaches.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Methods used are relatively simple and provide a baseline upon which to construct more complex approaches.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In particular, the geo-parsing method used has been based on the GATE system providing a versatile framework in which to develop custom tools.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In particular, the geo-parsing method used has been based on the GATE system providing a versatile framework in which to develop custom tools.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The use of gazetteer lookup provides an F1 score of 0.7148 when used with removal of commonly occurring words (stopwords) and other entities including person names to address cases when gazetteer entries are used in a non-geographical sense.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The use of gazetteer lookup provides an F1 score of 0.7148 when used with removal of commonly occurring words (stopwords) and other entities including person names to address cases when gazetteer entries are used in a non-geographical sense.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The geo-coding method is also simple based on default sense and matches between metadata provided by the geographical resources and local context.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The geo-coding method is also simple based on default sense and matches between metadata provided by the geographical resources and local context.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Using a small set of manually annotated data, 89% of locations are correctly assigned a unique identifier (UID).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Using a small set of manually annotated data, 89% of locations are correctly assigned a unique identifier (UID).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In particular, the grounding method also deals with resource selection in addition to referent ambiguity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In particular, the grounding method also deals with resource selection in addition to referent ambiguity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Whether this accuracy of markup is sufficient in practice is still being investigated, but both user and system evaluation of the SPIRIT prototype based on this markup have shown promising results.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Whether this accuracy of markup is sufficient in practice is still being investigated, but both user and system evaluation of the SPIRIT prototype based on this markup have shown promising results [14] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[14]" ] }, { "text": "In the case of SPIRIT, further methods for ranking results also help to reduce the effects of incorrect markup.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the case of SPIRIT, further methods for ranking results also help to reduce the effects of incorrect markup.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "These attentional and memory biases appear likely to influence the interpretation of pain and disability.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These attentional and memory biases appear likely to influence the interpretation of pain and disability.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Heightened vigilance to potentially threatening symptoms is expected to capture the attention of high-anxious and defensive high-anxious individuals.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Heightened vigilance to potentially threatening symptoms is expected to capture the attention of high-anxious and defensive high-anxious individuals.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In addition, as a consequence of interpretive biases, they are more likely to interpret ambiguous sensory events as threatening.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In addition, as a consequence of interpretive biases, they are more likely to interpret ambiguous sensory events as threatening.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In relation to these predictions, we would expect defensive highanxious participants to continue to highlight their pain and interpret it as both serious and threatening.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In relation to these predictions, we would expect defensive highanxious participants to continue to highlight their pain and interpret it as both serious and threatening.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Previous research has found a strong association between anxiety and various markers of pain and treatment success.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Previous research has found a strong association between anxiety and various markers of pain and treatment success (Viggers & Caltabiano, 2012) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF27" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Viggers & Caltabiano, 2012)" ] }, { "text": "In this study, we propose that the combination of trait anxiety and defensiveness could influence the way individuals interpret and respond to their chronic pain.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this study, we propose that the combination of trait anxiety and defensiveness could influence the way individuals interpret and respond to their chronic pain.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "From this point of perspective, it is necessary to investigate the origin of a high concentration of UHECR events, the so-called TA hotspot, reported by the Telescope Array (TA) experiment.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "From this point of perspective, it is necessary to investigate the origin of a high concentration of UHECR events, the so-called TA hotspot, reported by the Telescope Array (TA) experiment [12] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[12]" ] }, { "text": "Because there is no prominent source candidate behind the TA hotspot area, several astronomical objects that have large separation angles from the center of the hotspot, including M82, have been suggested as the source candidates of the hotspot events.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Because there is no prominent source candidate behind the TA hotspot area, several astronomical objects that have large separation angles from the center of the hotspot, including M82, have been suggested as the source candidates of the hotspot events [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[13]" ] }, { "text": "However, a definitive source remains inconclusive.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, a definitive source remains inconclusive.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This is because, to be classified as a source of the TA hotspot, those candidate objects require certain assumptions about the stronger strength of the GMF or the heavier mass composition of the UHECR as compared to the estimated values from the observational data.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This is because, to be classified as a source of the TA hotspot, those candidate objects require certain assumptions about the stronger strength of the GMF or the heavier mass composition of the UHECR as compared to the estimated values from the observational data.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The primary particles of UHECRs are expected to be light nuclei from the TA experiment's data analysis.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The primary particles of UHECRs are expected to be light nuclei from the TA experiment's data analysis [14] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[14]" ] }, { "text": "In that case, a large angular distance between the position of M82 and the center of the TA hotspot, ~26.5º, indicates a significant deflection during the propagation; the model indicating that M82 is responsible for the TA hotspot requires a stronger strength of GMF than the typically known values of a few G. In short, no plausible point source candidates have been identified in the direction of the TA hotspot, which may imply we need to pay attention not only to point sources, but also to the structures of galaxies in the local universe.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In that case, a large angular distance between the position of M82 and the center of the TA hotspot, ~26.5º, indicates a significant deflection during the propagation; the model indicating that M82 is responsible for the TA hotspot requires a stronger strength of GMF than the typically known values of a few G. In short, no plausible point source candidates have been identified in the direction of the TA hotspot, which may imply we need to pay attention not only to point sources, but also to the structures of galaxies in the local universe.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) suppression.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) suppression [2, 3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2, 3]" ] }, { "text": "However, the origin of UHECRs has not been discovered yet.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the origin of UHECRs has not been discovered yet.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "To find out the sources of UHECRs, there have been many correlation studies between the arrival direction distribution of UHECRs and the positions of astronomical source candidates, such as active galactic nuclei, radio galaxies, or starburst galaxies.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To find out the sources of UHECRs, there have been many correlation studies between the arrival direction distribution of UHECRs and the positions of astronomical source candidates, such as active galactic nuclei, radio galaxies, or starburst galaxies.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, these studies have not yet led to any conclusive results.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, these studies have not yet led to any conclusive results [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9", "BIBREF10" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]" ] }, { "text": "One of the main obstacles to narrowing down the sources of UHECR is that they are charged particles; thus, their propagation trajectories from the sources could be deflected by magnetic fields in the universe.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "One of the main obstacles to narrowing down the sources of UHECR is that they are charged particles; thus, their propagation trajectories from the sources could be deflected by magnetic fields in the universe.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The magnetic fields are ubiquitous in astrophysical environments at various scales from stars to clusters of galaxies.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The magnetic fields are ubiquitous in astrophysical environments at various scales from stars to clusters of galaxies.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, investigations on the propagation of UHECRs in the magnetized large-scale structure (LSS) of the universe would play an important role in the search for the astronomical sources of UHECRs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, investigations on the propagation of UHECRs in the magnetized large-scale structure (LSS) of the universe would play an important role in the search for the astronomical sources of UHECRs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a rare tumor arising from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a rare tumor arising from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is vastly more common in South East Asia and North Africa than elsewhere.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It is vastly more common in South East Asia and North Africa than elsewhere (Chen et al., 2013) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Chen et al., 2013)" ] }, { "text": "The majority of NPC Patients present at the moment of diagnosis have occult or detectable metastases.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The majority of NPC Patients present at the moment of diagnosis have occult or detectable metastases.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Indeed, NPC is difficult to detect early due to the anatomical position of the nasopharynx, its symptoms that mimic those of many other conditions and its tendency to present with cervical lymph node metastases.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Indeed, NPC is difficult to detect early due to the anatomical position of the nasopharynx, its symptoms that mimic those of many other conditions and its tendency to present with cervical lymph node metastases.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Distant metastases to the liver, the lung or the bone marrow and locoregional recurrence to the nasopharynx and the neck are the main causes of mortatlity and therapeutic failure.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Distant metastases to the liver, the lung or the bone marrow and locoregional recurrence to the nasopharynx and the neck are the main causes of mortatlity and therapeutic failure (Chen et al., 2013) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Chen et al., 2013)" ] }, { "text": "Surgical or radiotherapy treatment controls only the primary tumor and does not prevent the appearance of distant metastases treated only by chemotherapy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Surgical or radiotherapy treatment controls only the primary tumor and does not prevent the appearance of distant metastases treated only by chemotherapy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Chemotherapy treatment is little efficient and not well tolerated by the patient.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Chemotherapy treatment is little efficient and not well tolerated by the patient.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "So, early detection of micrometastases and the prediction of recurrence will be an important issue in the prognostic of newly diagnosed NPC patients, in the choice of systemic treatment and in monitoring the effectiveness of the adjuvant therapy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "So, early detection of micrometastases and the prediction of recurrence will be an important issue in the prognostic of newly diagnosed NPC patients, in the choice of systemic treatment and in monitoring the effectiveness of the adjuvant therapy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "All the tree-ring chronologies developed herein show positive correlations with current mean summer temperatures (Figures 2 and 3) , indicating that temperatures during this season (May-August) have the strongest influence on radial growth of birch and larch trees in Kamchatka.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "All the tree-ring chronologies developed herein show positive correlations with current mean summer temperatures (Figures 2 and 3) , indicating that temperatures during this season (May-August) have the strongest influence on radial growth of birch and larch trees in Kamchatka.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Generally, correlations of mean monthly temperatures increase with increasing altitude in both the larch and birch series.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Generally, correlations of mean monthly temperatures increase with increasing altitude in both the larch and birch series.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These findings also follow the trends found in the northern interior Siberian larch studies that saw increased tree growth with warming summer temperatures.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "These findings also follow the trends found in the northern interior Siberian larch studies that saw increased tree growth with warming summer temperatures [17, 18] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF16", "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[17, 18]" ] }, { "text": "Precipitation is not a significant influence on the northern study sites, but has significant positive correlations in March and May of the current growth year for southern sites.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Precipitation is not a significant influence on the northern study sites, but has significant positive correlations in March and May of the current growth year for southern sites.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "Herein, we determine how birch and larch trees respond to climate along elevational gradients of the Kamchatka Peninsula, and compare the climate response of the two species.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Herein, we determine how birch and larch trees respond to climate along elevational gradients of the Kamchatka Peninsula, and compare the climate response of the two species.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We now have ring-width data from an additional eight new, well replicated sites in two areas of Kamchatka (Figure 1) , the northeast region, near Klyuchi, and in the south, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We now have ring-width data from an additional eight new, well replicated sites in two areas of Kamchatka (Figure 1) , the northeast region, near Klyuchi, and in the south, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Besides examining the elevational climate response, we study the low frequency response of the larch series as a record of regional summer temperature and compare it with a Northern Hemisphere tree-ring based temperature reconstruction.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Besides examining the elevational climate response, we study the low frequency response of the larch series as a record of regional summer temperature and compare it with a Northern Hemisphere tree-ring based temperature reconstruction [20] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[20]" ] } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "The problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution is getting more and more serious in the past decades with the industrialization and population growth all over the world.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution is getting more and more serious in the past decades with the industrialization and population growth all over the world.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The consumption of fossil fuels is unsustainable and results in the green house effect caused by CO 2 emission.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The consumption of fossil fuels is unsustainable and results in the green house effect caused by CO 2 emission.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Photocatalysis is a very promising technology for settling these problems, which is applied in many fields including converting solar energy into chemical energy like water splitting, CO 2 photoreduction, and elimination of contaminants in water and air.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Photocatalysis is a very promising technology for settling these problems, which is applied in many fields including converting solar energy into chemical energy like water splitting, CO 2 photoreduction, and elimination of contaminants in water and air [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0", "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Capacitive sensors have been widely used because of its good temperature stability, simple structure, strong adaptability, good dynamic response, noncontact measurement and other advantages.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Capacitive sensors have been widely used because of its good temperature stability, simple structure, strong adaptability, good dynamic response, noncontact measurement and other advantages (Stevan et al., 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Stevan et al., 2015)" ] }, { "text": "Although the capacitance methods have some problems, such as sensitive to oil quality, they are still the most practical and effective methods in many applications.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Although the capacitance methods have some problems, such as sensitive to oil quality, they are still the most practical and effective methods in many applications (Aslam and Tang, 2014; Dong and Barbosa, 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Aslam and Tang, 2014; Dong and Barbosa, 2015)" ] }, { "text": "Generally, the capacitive sensors can be divided into three kinds such as the dielectric constant, the distance between two electrodes and the common area between two electrode surfaces.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Generally, the capacitive sensors can be divided into three kinds such as the dielectric constant, the distance between two electrodes and the common area between two electrode surfaces.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, this study designs an in situ capacitive sensor for monitoring debris of engine lubricant oil.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, this study designs an in situ capacitive sensor for monitoring debris of engine lubricant oil.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The basic principle is that the debris gets into the oil and lead to the change of the dielectric constant of oil, which will lead to the change of capacitance.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The basic principle is that the debris gets into the oil and lead to the change of the dielectric constant of oil, which will lead to the change of capacitance.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Hence, we can use the capacitance change to characterize whether the oil contains debris or not.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Hence, we can use the capacitance change to characterize whether the oil contains debris or not.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The novelty of the presented capacitance sensor can be summarized as two aspects.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The novelty of the presented capacitance sensor can be summarized as two aspects.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "One is that the sensor structure is simple and characterized by two coaxial cylinders as electrodes, while conventional capacitive sensors are composed of two parallel plates as electrodes.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "One is that the sensor structure is simple and characterized by two coaxial cylinders as electrodes, while conventional capacitive sensors are composed of two parallel plates as electrodes.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This structure feature is beneficial to easy integration with oil pipeline.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This structure feature is beneficial to easy integration with oil pipeline.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The other is that sensing mechanism and physical model of the presented sensor is verified and validated by the simulation and experiment.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The other is that sensing mechanism and physical model of the presented sensor is verified and validated by the simulation and experiment.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Aircraft engine, as a core component, is directly related to the performance and safety of aircraft.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Aircraft engine, as a core component, is directly related to the performance and safety of aircraft.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The continuous flowing lubricant oil is used to not only reduce the temperature but also transport the debris/particles produced by mechanical wear.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The continuous flowing lubricant oil is used to not only reduce the temperature but also transport the debris/particles produced by mechanical wear.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The debris not only affects the performance of lubricant oil but also indicates some states of the mechanical system in the engine.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The debris not only affects the performance of lubricant oil but also indicates some states of the mechanical system in the engine.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The wear particles in lubrication oil maintain a constant concentration and small size in normal working conditions; however, when abnormal wear occurs, the concentration and sizes of the particles increase and are distinct from normal particles.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The wear particles in lubrication oil maintain a constant concentration and small size in normal working conditions; however, when abnormal wear occurs, the concentration and sizes of the particles increase and are distinct from normal particles (Mauntz et al., 2013) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF14" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Mauntz et al., 2013)" ] }, { "text": "Therefore, the detection of lubricant oil debris (size and concentration) is an important and effective method for fault diagnosis and life prediction of key components in engine.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, the detection of lubricant oil debris (size and concentration) is an important and effective method for fault diagnosis and life prediction of key components in engine.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "The study was conducted in a subregion of the SWAFR known as the wheatbelt.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The study was conducted in a subregion of the SWAFR known as the wheatbelt.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The wheatbelt occupies around 14 M ha of the Yilgarn Craton, an accumulation of Archaean crusts that accreted around 2.5 billion years ago.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The wheatbelt occupies around 14 M ha of the Yilgarn Craton, an accumulation of Archaean crusts that accreted around 2.5 billion years ago (Myers 1995) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF44" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Myers 1995)" ] }, { "text": "This ancient, flat landscape is characterized by granite and gneiss bedrocks that have been weathered and eroded to create a complex mosaic of lownutrient soil types (from yellow sands to heavy loams), each supporting distinct vegetation types.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This ancient, flat landscape is characterized by granite and gneiss bedrocks that have been weathered and eroded to create a complex mosaic of lownutrient soil types (from yellow sands to heavy loams), each supporting distinct vegetation types (Beard 1983) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Beard 1983)" ] }, { "text": "Temperatures in the wheatbelt increase from south to north (Fig. 1a) and precipitation declines with distance from the coast, particularly abruptly in the north.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Temperatures in the wheatbelt increase from south to north (Fig. 1a) and precipitation declines with distance from the coast, particularly abruptly in the north.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Since the 1970s, temperatures throughout the wheatbelt (and the broader SWAFR) have increased across all seasons, whereas precipitation has mainly declined in autumn and early winter (May, June, and July), and climate models predict continued declines throughout the region.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Since the 1970s, temperatures throughout the wheatbelt (and the broader SWAFR) have increased across all seasons, whereas precipitation has mainly declined in autumn and early winter (May, June, and July), and climate models predict continued declines throughout the region (Hope et al. 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF26" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Hope et al. 2015)" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "The proximate basis for the seasonal decline in breeding success is currently unknown, but one proximate influence on the decison of whether to renest is the stage of breeding at the time of nest failure: birds that failed during the nestling phase were significantly less likely to renest than those pairs failing on the same day but at an earlier stage of breeding.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The proximate basis for the seasonal decline in breeding success is currently unknown, but one proximate influence on the decison of whether to renest is the stage of breeding at the time of nest failure: birds that failed during the nestling phase were significantly less likely to renest than those pairs failing on the same day but at an earlier stage of breeding.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Physiological changes that breeders of both sexes experience at the time of hatching may be responsible for this effect.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Physiological changes that breeders of both sexes experience at the time of hatching may be responsible for this effect (Ketterson and Nolan, 1994) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF34" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Ketterson and Nolan, 1994)" ] }, { "text": "Alternatively, breeders may incur relatively large costs during the nestling period and so have a lower probability of renesting than birds failing at an earlier stage.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Alternatively, breeders may incur relatively large costs during the nestling period and so have a lower probability of renesting than birds failing at an earlier stage.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "To the best of our knowledge, this is one of a few studies that provides the causal impacts of distance on utilization of health services.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To the best of our knowledge, this is one of a few studies that provides the causal impacts of distance on utilization of health services.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Previous studies on the effect of distance on formal care in India are mainly from epidemiological literature and due to lack of appropriate econometric models, the causal interpretation can not be claimed in these studies.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Previous studies on the effect of distance on formal care in India are mainly from epidemiological literature and due to lack of appropriate econometric models, the causal interpretation can not be claimed in these studies.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, the significance of distance has been established in these studies as well.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the significance of distance has been established in these studies as well.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Many of these studies have demonstrated that access to health services within 5 kilometer of the village or higher density of health facility has statistically significant effect on institutional delivery, though the effect of access varies by state.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Many of these studies have demonstrated that access to health services within 5 kilometer of the village or higher density of health facility has statistically significant effect on institutional delivery, though the effect of access varies by state (Kumar et al. 1997; Stephenson & Tsui, 2002) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17", "BIBREF28" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Kumar et al. 1997; Stephenson & Tsui, 2002)" ] } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "The conformal mapping analysis can provide an accurate prediction across a wide frequency band.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The conformal mapping analysis can provide an accurate prediction across a wide frequency band [34, 35] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF33", "BIBREF34" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[34, 35]" ] }, { "text": "Analytical results obtained from quasi-static model are compared in this section to the full-wave simulated results.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Analytical results obtained from quasi-static model are compared in this section to the full-wave simulated results.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Moreover, the Babinet's principle demonstrates the accuracy of proposed model.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Moreover, the Babinet's principle demonstrates the accuracy of proposed model.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "Our proof of Theorem 1.1 relies on a version of Weil's bound for singular plane curves.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Our proof of Theorem 1.1 relies on a version of Weil's bound for singular plane curves.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We apply Weil's bound to a carefully constructed auxiliary curve C which by construction has few F q -rational points.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We apply Weil's bound to a carefully constructed auxiliary curve C which by construction has few F q -rational points.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In order to apply Weil's bound, we must first show that C is irreducible over the algebraic closure of F q .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In order to apply Weil's bound, we must first show that C is irreducible over the algebraic closure of F q .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We will show that, due to the specific form of the map c → ac t , this irreducibility can be deduced from a generalization of Capelli's 1898 result about irreducibility of binomials.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "We will show that, due to the specific form of the map c → ac t , this irreducibility can be deduced from a generalization of Capelli's 1898 result about irreducibility of binomials [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "We also sketch an alternate proof which, instead of Capelli's result, uses Lorenzini's theorem about the number of irreducible translates of a bivariate polynomial.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "We also sketch an alternate proof which, instead of Capelli's result, uses Lorenzini's theorem about the number of irreducible translates of a bivariate polynomial [10] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF9" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[10]" ] } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "This result is a mild generalization of an observation of Reznik.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This result is a mild generalization of an observation of Reznik.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We will explain the exact relationship after giving the proof.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We will explain the exact relationship after giving the proof.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The proof itself is short.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The proof itself is short.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It follows readily from a result called the Poncelet Grid Theorem.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It follows readily from a result called the Poncelet Grid Theorem [14, 8] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13", "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[14, 8]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "More specifically, our paper aims to provide a time-frequency decomposition of the dynamic interactions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "More specifically, our paper aims to provide a time-frequency decomposition of the dynamic interactions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Indeed, to our knowledge, very few authors have proposed time-frequency representations that enable the identification of active vibrational modes and contact occurences.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Indeed, to our knowledge, very few authors have proposed time-frequency representations that enable the identification of active vibrational modes and contact occurences [15, 16] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF14", "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[15, 16]" ] }, { "text": "Two complementary approaches have been employed: a modal analysis of the test rig and a decomposition of the blade dynamics in the timefrequency domain using the Continuous Wavelet Transform, combined with the Fast Fourier Transform.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Two complementary approaches have been employed: a modal analysis of the test rig and a decomposition of the blade dynamics in the timefrequency domain using the Continuous Wavelet Transform, combined with the Fast Fourier Transform.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The combination of these two approaches enabled the identification of excited vibrational modes and contact occurences.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The combination of these two approaches enabled the identification of excited vibrational modes and contact occurences.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "High-speed imaging of the interaction confirmed the connections between blade/abradablecoating rubbing and blade vibrations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "High-speed imaging of the interaction confirmed the connections between blade/abradablecoating rubbing and blade vibrations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "In a turbulent smooth-wall flow, the characteristic size of the near-wall structures, e.g. the low-speed streaks, is determined by the viscous length scale and not by outer units.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In a turbulent smooth-wall flow, the characteristic size of the near-wall structures, e.g. the low-speed streaks, is determined by the viscous length scale and not by outer units.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "For example, average streak length is estimated to be l + streak ≈ 1000 and spacing ≈100.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "For example, average streak length is estimated to be l + streak ≈ 1000 and spacing ≈100 (Smith & Metzler 1983; Chernyshenko & Baig 2005) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF50", "BIBREF16" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Smith & Metzler 1983; Chernyshenko & Baig 2005)" ] }, { "text": "In a rough-wall flow, the roughness will disrupt the streak-like structures and thus significantly reduce their length.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In a rough-wall flow, the roughness will disrupt the streak-like structures and thus significantly reduce their length (Orlandi & Leonardi 2009; De Marchis et al. 2010) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF43", "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Orlandi & Leonardi 2009; De Marchis et al. 2010)" ] }, { "text": "In figure 20 , contours of the wall-normal component of the instantaneous vorticity field are shown for a plane in the upper part of the canopy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In figure 20 , contours of the wall-normal component of the instantaneous vorticity field are shown for a plane in the upper part of the canopy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As can be observed, the size of the characteristic structures decreases with increasing Reynolds number, i.e. the size of the near-wall turbulence structures is still governed by the viscous length scale.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As can be observed, the size of the characteristic structures decreases with increasing Reynolds number, i.e. the size of the near-wall turbulence structures is still governed by the viscous length scale.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus at higher Reynolds numbers, the near-wall turbulence structures are shorter compared to typical wavelengths of the roughness, allowing the flow to adapt more easily to the roughness topography.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus at higher Reynolds numbers, the near-wall turbulence structures are shorter compared to typical wavelengths of the roughness, allowing the flow to adapt more easily to the roughness topography.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Research on intelligent marine operations are seeing increasing attention.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Research on intelligent marine operations are seeing increasing attention [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]" ] }, { "text": "The typical objectives are to enhance the overall efficiency, ensure safety, broaden the operating window, and, ultimately, gain economic benefits.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The typical objectives are to enhance the overall efficiency, ensure safety, broaden the operating window, and, ultimately, gain economic benefits.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Because single blade installation approach demands large amount of offshore working time, the installation cost can be reduced if the mating operations are accelerated by enhancing the automation level for the blade installation system.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Because single blade installation approach demands large amount of offshore working time, the installation cost can be reduced if the mating operations are accelerated by enhancing the automation level for the blade installation system.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "To the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies have looked into such issues.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies have looked into such issues.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, there is an urgent need for highly efficient and user-friendly simulation tools for use during the controller design process for marine installations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, there is an urgent need for highly efficient and user-friendly simulation tools for use during the controller design process for marine installations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "With the growing interest and need for clean energy, wind energy has become increasingly popular in recent years.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "With the growing interest and need for clean energy, wind energy has become increasingly popular in recent years.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Wind turbines are categorized into onshore wind turbines and offshore wind turbines (OWTs) based on their installation locations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Wind turbines are categorized into onshore wind turbines and offshore wind turbines (OWTs) based on their installation locations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Because of their high initial installation and lifespan maintenance costs, the price of offshore wind energy remains more than three times higher than onshore wind energy.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Because of their high initial installation and lifespan maintenance costs, the price of offshore wind energy remains more than three times higher than onshore wind energy [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "Installation expenses significantly influence the cost of offshore wind energy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Installation expenses significantly influence the cost of offshore wind energy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Hence, techniques that can make the OWT installation more efficient are of great value.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Hence, techniques that can make the OWT installation more efficient are of great value.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "Evaluation of AOA of emmer, einkorn and spring varieties.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Evaluation of AOA of emmer, einkorn and spring varieties.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Einkorn, emmer and common bread wheat species were grown in the Czech territory till the 6 th century A.D., being then replaced by bread wheat.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Einkorn, emmer and common bread wheat species were grown in the Czech territory till the 6 th century A.D., being then replaced by bread wheat.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "At present, only landraces and wild forms of these species are available in collections of genetic resources.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "At present, only landraces and wild forms of these species are available in collections of genetic resources.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "With the aim to extend the spectra of grown crops, a collection of emmer and einkorn genetic resources in the Czech Gene Bank was studied.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "With the aim to extend the spectra of grown crops, a collection of emmer and einkorn genetic resources in the Czech Gene Bank was studied.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Accessions later in ripeness, with a good level of resistance to fungal diseases and with a high yield potential were selected from the collection to determine their antioxidant activities (their characteristics are described in our previous article.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Accessions later in ripeness, with a good level of resistance to fungal diseases and with a high yield potential were selected from the collection to determine their antioxidant activities (their characteristics are described in our previous article (Lachman et al. 2011) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF22" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Lachman et al. 2011)" ] } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "The mean AOA in 2009 (205.8 ± 7 .72 mg Trolox/ kg DM) was higher in comparison with 2008 average value (110.0 ± 0.29 mg Trolox/kg DM).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The mean AOA in 2009 (205.8 ± 7 .72 mg Trolox/ kg DM) was higher in comparison with 2008 average value (110.0 ± 0.29 mg Trolox/kg DM).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It could be due to lower precipitation in June 2008 as well as above-average temperature during the growing season as compared to the long-term average (Table 1) .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It could be due to lower precipitation in June 2008 as well as above-average temperature during the growing season as compared to the long-term average (Table 1) .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Antioxidant activity and the content of antioxidants could be related to stress factors of the weather conditions during the vegetation period and sunshine duration in the given year.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Antioxidant activity and the content of antioxidants could be related to stress factors of the weather conditions during the vegetation period and sunshine duration in the given year (Kalinová and Vrchotová 2011) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Kalinová and Vrchotová 2011)" ] }, { "text": "Antioxidant activity of wheat should be also significantly affected by the content of lipophilic antioxidants, mainly tocols and carotenoids.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Antioxidant activity of wheat should be also significantly affected by the content of lipophilic antioxidants, mainly tocols and carotenoids (Hejtmánková et al. 2010) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Hejtmánková et al. 2010)" ] } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "A number of previous studies have also reported the influence of various indoor sources, occupant's activities, outdoor infiltration, and ventilation rate on the PM concentrations in indoor environments, as highlighted by our recent review article.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "A number of previous studies have also reported the influence of various indoor sources, occupant's activities, outdoor infiltration, and ventilation rate on the PM concentrations in indoor environments, as highlighted by our recent review article (Goyal et al. 2012) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Goyal et al. 2012)" ] }, { "text": "However, the effect of building locations on the indoor PM concentrations, especially in a mix-use commercial building environment in polluted megacities like Delhi, are not yet fully understood.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the effect of building locations on the indoor PM concentrations, especially in a mix-use commercial building environment in polluted megacities like Delhi, are not yet fully understood.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This study reports the results of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and PM 1.0 monitoring that was carried out in nine different microenvironments (MEs)-three naturally ventilated and six mechanically ventilated-of a mix-use commercial building (see \"Site description\" for details).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This study reports the results of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and PM 1.0 monitoring that was carried out in nine different microenvironments (MEs)-three naturally ventilated and six mechanically ventilated-of a mix-use commercial building (see \"Site description\" for details).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The aim of this study is to assess the PM levels during working (activity period) and non-working (non-activity period) hours in selected MEs during the varying level of ventilation types (natural or mechanical) and conditions (frequency of openings of doors/windows), occupants' activities, and thermal comfort parameters (temperature, pressure, and relative humidity).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The aim of this study is to assess the PM levels during working (activity period) and non-working (non-activity period) hours in selected MEs during the varying level of ventilation types (natural or mechanical) and conditions (frequency of openings of doors/windows), occupants' activities, and thermal comfort parameters (temperature, pressure, and relative humidity).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The study also aims to assess the I/O relationship of PM under these varying conditions during the working hours.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The study also aims to assess the I/O relationship of PM under these varying conditions during the working hours.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "The vector wave equation in fractional space can describe complex phenomenon of wave propagation in any non-integer-dimensional space.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The vector wave equation in fractional space can describe complex phenomenon of wave propagation in any non-integer-dimensional space.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "For example, if we consider plane wave solution in integer dimensional space with D = 2 as \"Case 1\" and for D = 3 as \"Case 2\", then by problem of fractional space solution shown in Figure 1 is important in practical applications, such as communications, remote sensing, navigation and even bioengineering.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "For example, if we consider plane wave solution in integer dimensional space with D = 2 as \"Case 1\" and for D = 3 as \"Case 2\", then by problem of fractional space solution shown in Figure 1 is important in practical applications, such as communications, remote sensing, navigation and even bioengineering [15] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF14" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[15]" ] }, { "text": "The phenomenon of wave propagation in such fractal media can be studied by replacing these fractal confining structures with an effective space of noninteger dimension D. The plane wave solutions investigated in this paper have potential applications in electromagnetic wave propagation problems in fractional space.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The phenomenon of wave propagation in such fractal media can be studied by replacing these fractal confining structures with an effective space of noninteger dimension D. The plane wave solutions investigated in this paper have potential applications in electromagnetic wave propagation problems in fractional space.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In Section 2, we investigate full analytical solution of wave equation in D-dimensional fractional space, where three parameters are used to describe the measure distribution of space.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In Section 2, we investigate full analytical solution of wave equation in D-dimensional fractional space, where three parameters are used to describe the measure distribution of space.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In Section 3, solution of wave equation in integer-dimensional space is obtained from the results of previous section.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In Section 3, solution of wave equation in integer-dimensional space is obtained from the results of previous section.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Finally, in Section 4, conclusions are drawn.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Finally, in Section 4, conclusions are drawn.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "In this paper, we will deal with the problem of robust exponential synchronization for master-slave parabolic PDE systems with spatially variable coefficients and spatiotemporally variable nonlinear perturbation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this paper, we will deal with the problem of robust exponential synchronization for master-slave parabolic PDE systems with spatially variable coefficients and spatiotemporally variable nonlinear perturbation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Initially, a masterslave parabolic PDE model is discussed, and then a synchronization error dynamic of PDE systems is developed in spatial domain.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Initially, a masterslave parabolic PDE model is discussed, and then a synchronization error dynamic of PDE systems is developed in spatial domain.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Then, on the basis of Lyapunov's direct method and the technique of integration by parts, a spatial differential linear matrix inequality (SDLMI) based condition for the robust exponential synchronization of the unforced semilinear master-slave PDE systems is studied.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Then, on the basis of Lyapunov's direct method and the technique of integration by parts, a spatial differential linear matrix inequality (SDLMI) based condition for the robust exponential synchronization of the unforced semilinear master-slave PDE systems is studied.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Once the unforced semilinear master-slave PDE systems cannot achieve robust exponential synchronization, distributed proportional-spatial derivative (P-sD) control design is developed to achieve that the closed-loop slave system which is exponentially synchronized with the master system with a given decay rate for all admissible nonlinear perturbations in terms of SDLMI.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Once the unforced semilinear master-slave PDE systems cannot achieve robust exponential synchronization, distributed proportional-spatial derivative (P-sD) control design is developed to achieve that the closed-loop slave system which is exponentially synchronized with the master system with a given decay rate for all admissible nonlinear perturbations in terms of SDLMI.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Furthermore, the SDLMI optimization problem can be approximately solved by the finite difference method and LMI optimization techniques.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Furthermore, the SDLMI optimization problem can be approximately solved by the finite difference method and LMI optimization techniques [41, 42] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF40", "BIBREF41" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[41, 42]" ] }, { "text": "Finally, the simulation study on the exponentially synchronous control of a master-slave PDE systems with nonlinear perturbation is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Finally, the simulation study on the exponentially synchronous control of a master-slave PDE systems with nonlinear perturbation is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "The existing works most considered dynamical behavior of master-slave systems described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or delay differential equations (DDEs), and a variety of synchronization criteria have been presented.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The existing works most considered dynamical behavior of master-slave systems described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or delay differential equations (DDEs), and a variety of synchronization criteria have been presented [14] [15] [16] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13", "BIBREF14", "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[14] [15] [16]" ] }, { "text": "In practice, however, the outputs, inputs, and process states with relevant parameters usually vary both temporally and spatially in nature, and thereby their behavior depending on time and spatial position could be described by distributed parameter systems (DPSs) modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In practice, however, the outputs, inputs, and process states with relevant parameters usually vary both temporally and spatially in nature, and thereby their behavior depending on time and spatial position could be described by distributed parameter systems (DPSs) modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Unfortunately, few works have investigated the synchronization of master-slave PDE systems.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Unfortunately, few works have investigated the synchronization of master-slave PDE systems.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "It is known that predictors can be used to overcome the effects of dead-time (with inherent problems linked to the sensitivity of predictions for unstable models).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is known that predictors can be used to overcome the effects of dead-time (with inherent problems linked to the sensitivity of predictions for unstable models).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "MPC -\"Model Predictive Control\" solves at each sampling time a finite-time optimal control problem over a receding prediction horizon and is no surprise that its use in connection with delay systems was proposed from the early approaches.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "MPC -\"Model Predictive Control\" solves at each sampling time a finite-time optimal control problem over a receding prediction horizon and is no surprise that its use in connection with delay systems was proposed from the early approaches (Clarke et al., 1987) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Clarke et al., 1987)" ] }, { "text": "At the time of the redaction of the present paper a monograph is in print with a review of the attempts on this direction ranging from dead-time compensation to MPC.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "At the time of the redaction of the present paper a monograph is in print with a review of the attempts on this direction ranging from dead-time compensation to MPC (Normey-Rico and Camacho, 2007) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Normey-Rico and Camacho, 2007)" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "The conceptual idea behind our work is rather straightforward.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The conceptual idea behind our work is rather straightforward.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The statistics of vortices in (2 + 1) dimensions is captured by a low energy effective theory whose main ingredient is a Chern-Simons term.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The statistics of vortices in (2 + 1) dimensions is captured by a low energy effective theory whose main ingredient is a Chern-Simons term.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The presence of the Chern-Simons term attaches magnetic flux to electric charges.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The presence of the Chern-Simons term attaches magnetic flux to electric charges.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is this combination of flux and charge that gives rise to non-trivial Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phases when two such topological object are rotated around each other.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is this combination of flux and charge that gives rise to non-trivial Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phases when two such topological object are rotated around each other.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A simple continuation to one additional space dimensions involves the presence of either θ-like terms or mixed Chern-Simons-like terms.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A simple continuation to one additional space dimensions involves the presence of either θ-like terms or mixed Chern-Simons-like terms.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This in turn can induce fractional statistics of 'cosmic' strings through corresponding AB phases.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This in turn can induce fractional statistics of 'cosmic' strings through corresponding AB phases.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This mechanism, in fact, may appear somewhat unconventional from the bulk perspective, where the topological actions of Chern-Simons type usually dictate that we perform such an AB measurement in a (4 + 1) dimensional bulk.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This mechanism, in fact, may appear somewhat unconventional from the bulk perspective, where the topological actions of Chern-Simons type usually dictate that we perform such an AB measurement in a (4 + 1) dimensional bulk [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[13]" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "Note that, both in the (2 + 1) dimensional boundary and (3 + 1) dimensional bulk, there are subtleties related to self-linking and intersections of their corresponding worldlines or worldsheets.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Note that, both in the (2 + 1) dimensional boundary and (3 + 1) dimensional bulk, there are subtleties related to self-linking and intersections of their corresponding worldlines or worldsheets [12, 16, 17] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11", "BIBREF15", "BIBREF16" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[12, 16, 17]" ] }, { "text": "To avoid such complications, we will take the strings to be far separated such that they are always parallel and are trivially extended from the boundary charged particle vortex.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To avoid such complications, we will take the strings to be far separated such that they are always parallel and are trivially extended from the boundary charged particle vortex.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As we will argue, in this setting, cosmic strings obey fractional statistics if (i) their endpoint vortices are electrically charged and (ii) charges are arranged such that the Aharonov-Bohm phase of a vortex pair is not canceled by that of the antivortex pair corresponding to the opposing endpoints of the strings.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As we will argue, in this setting, cosmic strings obey fractional statistics if (i) their endpoint vortices are electrically charged and (ii) charges are arranged such that the Aharonov-Bohm phase of a vortex pair is not canceled by that of the antivortex pair corresponding to the opposing endpoints of the strings.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This can be achieved in several ways, as we shall discuss in the bulk of the paper.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This can be achieved in several ways, as we shall discuss in the bulk of the paper.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]