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Institute for Public Sector Transformation IPST - Digital Sustainability Lab DSL 19

Nam In-soon

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<mask> (Korean: 남인순, born 5 November 1958) is a South Korean activist and feminist politician, currently a member of National Assembly representing Songpa C constituency. In August 2018, she was elected as one of the Vice Presidents of Democratic Party of Korea. Known as a notable feminist activist in South Korea, <mask> began her involvement the late 1980s. She has been a member of the National Assembly since 2012. She also served as a Vice President of the Democratic Unionist Party and deputy parliamentary leader of New Politics Alliance for Democracy, parties which were predecessors of the Democratic Party. Early life Born in Incheon, <mask> attended for Songlim Primary School, Soongduck Women Secondary School, and Inil Women High School. She studied Korean language at Capital Women College of Education (currently Sejong University) in the late 1970s.During this time, her dream career changed from a Korean lecturer to a labour activist after she saw serious suppression of women's trade unions. She joined a protest against the university's management, after which her education was suspended. For a while, she learned to sew and temporarily worked at a factory before she was readmitted to university, finally earning her bachelor's degree. She also earned a master's degree in Social Welfare from Anglican Church University in Seoul. Activist career <mask> began her activist career in the Korean labour and feminist movement in 1988, when she joined and became the assistant administrator for the House of Sharing for Working Women in Incheon. Then, she became a co-founder of the Women Labour Committee of Incheon and served as the secretary-general and vice president. Since 1994, she also held roles of secretary-general and executive director in Korean Women's Associations United, where she worked for 17 years.As a feminist activist, she contributed in various establishments, including the enactment of Anti-Domestic Violence Act and Anti-Prostitution Act, amendment of Infant Care Act and Maternity Protection Act, introduction of gender quota system, establishment of Ministry of Women, and the abolition of patriarchal family system. Organizations that she has worked for include: Citizens' Solidarity for General Election, Solidarity Congress of Civil Society Organisations, Seoul Metropolitan Government, The Ombudsman of Korea, the Supreme Court of South Korea, National Human Rights Commission, Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), and the Ministry of Women. Political career 19th Parliament (2012-2016) <mask> began her political involvement in 2011, while she was a Co-President of Innovation and Unity. The organisation then merged with the Democratic Party and reorganised as the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP; then Democratic Party), therefore she automatically became a member of the newly formed DUP. Before the election, she briefly served as one of the party's Vice Presidents. In 2012 election, she ran 9th in the DUP list and was elected for the National Assembly. As a member of the Assembly, <mask> was a member of several parliamentary committees, such as the Committee of Women and Family, the Health and Welfare Committee (including Subcommittee for Improvement of Childcare Services), and the Special Committee on Budget and Accounts.She was also a co-leader of the Gender Equality Policy Research Forum and the Civil Politics Forum within the National Assembly. Outside of parliament, she also held party positions within Democratic Party and its successors, the New Politics Alliance for Democracy (NPAD) and the Democratic Party of Korea. The positions include the President of Foreign Cooperation Committee, National Women Committee, and Special Committee on Childcare. She was also the deputy parliamentary leader of NPAD from May 2014 to 2015. <mask> was also a member of the Special Committee for the Enhancement of Military Human Rights and Army Life in the National Assembly from October 2014 to July 2015. As a committee member, she contributed to enrich human rights of soldiers including the prohibition of sexual harassment and the improvement of medical treatment system within military camps. Before this, she was also the President of Committee for Fact Finding and System Improvement of Lee Seo-hyun Incident.20th Parliament (2016-present) In 2016 election, <mask> ran for the Songpa District 3rd constituency. She received 44.88% and narrowly defeated the incumbent, Kim Eul-dong of Saenuri Party (then Liberty Korea Party). After the opening of the 20th Parliament, she was elected as the President of Committee of Women and Family, but also worked for Health and Welfare Committee, and Special Committee on Budget and Accounts. During the presidential election in 2017, <mask> was appointed as the women chief for the Democratic presidential candidate Moon Jae-in. After Moon was elected and inaugurated as the President, she was one of the possible figure to be the Minister of Women and Family, although Chung Hyun-back was actually selected for the position. <mask> ran as a vice presidential candidate for the Democratic Party leadership election in 2018. She received 8.42% and came to 6th, just behind of Park Jung.As the party has 5 Vice Presidents, she couldn't actually be elected for the position. However, according to the party constitution, since no female was within the top 5, <mask> was subsequently elected, instead of Park. Personal life <mask> is married to Seo Joo-won, who is the President of Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation. They have a daughter named Seo Ha-nui. <mask> used an unofficial name, <mask>on In-soon (Korean: 남윤인순), for her activist career. This was a part of double-barrelled name (similar to Spanish naming customs) campaign from the late 1990s, but she also used this name during the 2012 election. She reverted to her original name in 2015, because of systems issues and to relate more closely to people.References External links <mask>-soon on Twitter Nam In-soon on Facebook <mask>-soon on Instagram Nam In-soon on YouTube 1958 births Living people 21st-century South Korean women politicians South Korean feminists South Korean activists 20th-century South Korean women politicians

Boyce Richardson

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<mask>, CM (born March 21, 1928 in Wyndham, Southland, New Zealand) was a Canadian journalist, author and filmmaker. While he was a boy his family moved to Invercargill, New Zealand. <mask> died two weeks shy of his 92nd birthday on March 7th, 2020. He leaves behind 4 children. Journalistic career It was in Invercargill that <mask> began his career in journalism at the Southland Times and later the Southland Daily News. After a brief stint as a reporter in Australia, he went to India to live and work at Nilokheri, a co-operative community north of New Delhi. In 1951 he moved to Britain, where he had great difficulty finding any kind of employment as a result of the depressed, still rationed, postwar economy.Of this period in his life he subsequently wrote in his autobiography: "I suppose this experience of unemployment was valuable for me. I discovered that it is almost the most debilitating experience a person can have in life, totally sapping one's self-esteem, and plunging one into a maelstrom of depressive thoughts and feelings from which, eventually, one despairs of ever emerging. It certainly gave me a respect for the problems of laid-off workers, so airily dismissed by the media and their consulting economists, during times of what they nowadays call 'economic downturn'. Full employment should be the first social good of any decent government." He answered an ad in the New Statesman that landed him at Newbattle Abbey College where he studied writing under the Scottish poet, Edwin Muir. In 1954 <mask> emigrated to Canada, first joining the Winnipeg Free Press then the Montreal Star . From 1960 to 1968 he was the newspaper's correspondent in London.He returned to Montreal but as noted in his Memoirs: "I had also come to some conclusions about my profession. I had a strong distaste for the myths that most journalists seemed to believe about their importance. I had found journalists motivated more by vanity than by a lust for public service, and they tended to be childishly susceptible to flattery from men of power. So far as they believed they were free to write what they wanted, and that they were the first line among defenders of freedom of expression, I thought they were suffering from a massive occupational delusion. I had concluded that freedom lies only with the rich men who own the media, who hire sycophants to do their bidding. The idea of journalists being better informed than your average citizen is a big part of the myth. A daily newspaper, written by these supposedly super-informed people, gives at best a sketchy view of what is really happening; and that view is fatally deformed by the interests of the media owners, and by the intimate relationship that journalists maintain with men of power.In addition, I knew that journalists do not have the influence they pretend to have. The media at large do have a huge influence in setting the political and social agenda, and they form one of the main barriers to improvements in the quality of human life. But individual workers within the media have limited influence on anything, in my experience. My opinion of the profession I practiced had become, then, slightly anarchistic." He returned with "an attitude of cheerful insouciance towards those who owned and ran the newspaper. I had seen in London that the publisher was a hopeless alcoholic, although his alcoholism didn't make him any worse as a publisher. When asked by George Ferguson [editor],... to prepare an obituary of John McConnell's [publisher] mother, Lilian, against the day when she might die, I slipped the following into his tray: Mrs. John Wilson McConnell, known as Lil, is dead.Mrs. McConnell lived for eighty years and did singularly little with them. She spent a lot of money. She had four children, and they had children who had children. Mrs. McConnell became the friend of the highest in the land. Indeed, she didn't have any friends except Lords, Ladies, Earls, Princes, Dukes, Marquises or millionaires. Mrs. McConnell entertained Royalty. Surrounded by her pompous tapestries, expensive plates, and tasteless furniture, Royalty felt right at home.Mrs. McConnell gave away a lot of her husband's money to Good Causes. No one, including Mrs. McConnell, knew how much she gave, or quite who she gave it to. Mrs. McConnell did no one any harm, and no discernible good. Let that be her epitaph." Freelance career His outrage at the Star'''s failure to support civil liberties and journalists harassed and arrested during the October Crisis, as well as his increasing disenchantment with corporate media in general eventually caused him to resign and become a freelancer in 1971. <mask> supported aboriginal peoples seeking justice in their struggle against the massive James Bay Project. In films made with the National Film Board of Canada (Cree Hunters of Mistassini, 1974 ) and books (Strangers Devour the Land, 1976) he created "a chronicle of the assault upon the last coherent hunting culture in North America, the Cree Indians of Quebec, and their vast primeval homelands".He did prescient work on anti-globalization like the NFB documentary Super-Companies in 1987. This explored the role of multinational corporations such as Alcan; scooping films like The Corporation by more than a decade. When an article he wrote: Corporations: How Do We Curb Their Obscene Power? was rejected by a "progressive" periodical he posted it to the Internet in 1996, to worldwide interest. It was an early instance of distributing writing which might not otherwise see the light of day in mass media. Indeed, in that same year <mask> began what he described as his "sounding off pages": Boyce'sPaper as an alternative means of publishing his views. Decades later it may be one of the oldest continuing examples of what has become the ubiquitous Blog.In the words of Catherine Dunphy, journalist and author: "Before there was a Naomi Klein and before there was an international anti-globalization movement, filmmaker and journalist <mask> <mask> was taking on the multinationals, his own bosses in the media, and the culture of greed and hypocrisy. He still is..." Later life Prior to his death, he lived in Montreal. His wife of 56 years, Shirley (née Norton) teacher and poet who "kept the home fires burning and the wolf from the door" died in 2007. His Memoirs are dedicated to her. He was the father of three boys and a girl. Recognition His work has won a number of awards, including co-winning a 1961 National Newspaper Award for a series of articles on Canada and the European Economic Community, published by the Montreal Star. Cree Hunters of Mistassini won the Flaherty Award for 1974, from the British Society for Film and Television Arts, for the best documentary in the tradition of Robert Flaherty, and a special Award from the Melbourne Film Festival, 1975.Super-Companies'' won the Golden Apple Award at the 1990 National Educational Film and Video festival in the US; and the Red Ribbon Award at the American Film and Video Festival in 1990. "I am with the Indian novelist Arundhati Roy (the finest polemicist in the English language), who wrote recently: "What we need to search for and find... is the politics of resistance. The politics of opposition. The politics of forcing accountability. The politics of slowing things down. The politics of joining hands across the world and preventing certain destruction. In the present circumstances, I'd say that the only thing worth globalizing is dissent!"<mask> <mask> was invested as a Member of the Order of Canada in 2002, his adopted country's highest civilian honour. References External links Boyce'sPaper Provocative progressive Weblog (one of the oldest continuously published blogs, since 1996). Boyce'sPaper Internet Archive. Memoirs of a Media Maverick Autobiography National Film Board of Canada NFB filmography Internet Movie Database Complete filmography 'Cree Hunters of Mistassini' Film online at the NFB 'For Future Generations' Film online at the NFB Boyce's books available on Amazon.ca & at your local library. A classic of Internet Samizdat! An appreciation of Bubbles & The Boys. Official Citation: Order of Canada Governor General of Canada 1928 births 2020 deaths Members of the Order of Canada Canadian male journalists Canadian documentary filmmakers Canadian bloggers Film directors from Montreal Journalists from Montreal New Zealand emigrants to Canada People from Wyndham, New Zealand Writers from Montreal Directors of Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners for Best Documentary Film

Stephan Hanna Stephan

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<mask> (1894–1949), also <mask>, was a Palestinian writer, translator and radio broadcaster of history and folklore in Palestine. Besides publishing original articles, travel guides and phrasebooks in English and German, and broadcasting in Arabic, <mask> also produced several translations of books and inscriptions, utilizing his fluency in all these languages, as well as Ottoman Turkish and Syriac. Educated at the Schneller School, a German Protestant orphanage that operated in Jerusalem, he worked for the Mandatory Palestine authorities, first in the Treasury, and then in the Department of Antiquities. Early life <mask> was born in Beit Jala in 1894, during the rule of the Ottoman empire in Palestine. His family was part of the Syriac Orthodox Christian community there, but he studied at the Lutheran Schneller School in Lifta, Jerusalem, where he was baptized/confirmed by the school founder's son, Theodor Schneller, in 1908. Little is securely known of his early life, but it is believed he served in the Ottoman army in some capacity in World War I, based on his mention of having heard Kurdish folk songs while in Manbij and Jarabulus in his 1922 article on Palestinian folk songs. Career Songs of songs One of the earliest of <mask>'s works, "The Palestinian Parallels to the Song of Songs" (1922) documented lyrics of folk songs in Palestine and compared them to biblical, Mesopotamian and Canaanite precursors.It was featured in The Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society (JPOS), and the biblical scholar and philologist William Foxwell Albright called <mask> "a young man of promise". <mask> was part of an informal school of "nativist" ethnographers, most prominent among them Tawfiq Canaan, who published their works at JPOS. The research and contributions of these mostly Jerusalemite Palestinians was motivated by their belief that the "native culture of Palestine", best represented in the ancient "living heritage" and traditions of the fellaheen, had to be urgently documented in the face of encroaching "colonialism and modernity". In this ethnographic work, <mask> collected and transcribed thirty-two pages of every day Palestinian folk songs centering around themes of love, and the beauty of the beloved, in the colloquial Palestinian Arabic dialect. The next fifty-three pages transcribe the songs in romanized transliteration and English translation with annotations. It is in this section that the colloquial pronunciation is most faithfully recorded (e.g. dropping the 'qaf', such that قامت becomes 'amat).In the final twenty-five pages, <mask> reviews the selected folk songs, comparing them to the main themes and motifs of "the Canticles" (the Song of Songs), as well as to Arabic literature and poetry. Another important early article <mask> published in January 1922 was in Arabic, directed at a completely different audience and topic. Mara'a ("Woman"), published by Cairo-based Sarkis magazine, named after the Lebanese family who founded it, was addressed to the Arab world and a contribution to the debates generated by the Nahda, where <mask> argued for gender equality as a means to national development in all fields. Translations While working at the Department of Antiquities, he co-authored papers with Dimitri Baramki and published other articles and translations of Ottoman documents and inscriptions from Jerusalem in their Quarterly. The American Journal of Archaeology noted his work translating Mamluk and Ottoman documents in 1934 as an important contribution. The biases of the colonial administration against advancing the situation of Palestinian Arab scholars likely hindered his advancement. His signing of articles under the European sounding name of "St H <mask>" may have been a deliberate reaction to those circumstances, and is the source of misattributions of some his works to other authors.In 1934–1935, <mask> gave input to its composition, and the vocabulary included indicates it was aimed at visiting archaeological students, as well as foreign officials, tourists, and merchants. From the 17th-century ten-volume Ottoman travelogue of the Seyahatname (Book of Travels) by Evliya Çelebi, <mask> translated the rare Palestine section. This was published in six parts from 1935 to 1942 in The Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities, as "Evliya Tshelebi's Travels in Palestine (1648–50)". Leo Aryeh Mayer, his colleague at the department, also contributed annotations and translations for the first four parts, though <mask> completed the translation of the last two sections alone. Irving suggests that perhaps the 1936 revolt made collaboration with Mayer, a Zionist, increasingly untenable for <mask>.<mask> engaged in many other collaborations and correspondences with Palestinian, Arab and European writers. In correspondences with Hilma Granqvist, there is familiarity and respect expressed, passing on greetings from 'Sitt Louisa' (Louise Baldensperger, 1862–1938), and offering critiques of Arabic translations and transliterations in Granqvist's work. In a letter from 1932, he describes Granqvist's work as an "important work on Palestine", implying the importance of both Palestine and ethnography to himself. Radio & museum work Beginning in 1936, <mask> was also a broadcaster for the Palestine Broadcasting Service, Mandatory Palestine's government owned radio station. On its Arab Hour, he shared much of his interest in ethnography and history with the Arabic-speaking population of Palestine. Radios were not widely available at the time, but locals would hear broadcasts in village coffeehouses, and <mask>'s broadcasts celebrated and valued Palestinian folk traditions and culture, bringing the nation's rich history to the attention of the audience. After attending the founding of the Palestine Archaeological Museum in the 1930s, with his Armenian wife, Arasky Keshishian, he went on to work as assistant librarian at the Museum.Throughout the 1940s, he worked on a project to make handwritten and photostatic copies of manuscripts in private libraries in Jerusalem, including the Khalidi Library from 1941 to 1948, that are some of the only remaining copies of these works (now at Rockefeller Museum). He was promoted from Assistant Librarian to Archeological Officer in 1945. <mask> also produced two travel guides with photographer Boulos 'Afif, a fellow Jerusalemite, entitled This is Palestine and Palestine by Road and Rail, published in 1942, and the first of the two books was published as a second edition in 1947. Later life and death In 1947, <mask> was still working for the Department of Antiquities, this time on missions to Cyprus, deciphering early Islamic inscriptions. With the Nakba of 1948, he, his wife and two sons, Arthur and Angelo, ended up as Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. His work in Cyprus, at the time a British colony, was to be continued, but he died in 1949. His widow and sons left thereafter to Brazil.Published & broadcast works Journals & academic translations "Al-Mar'a (Woman)" (January 1922). Sarkis. "Post-war Bibliographies of Near Eastern Mandates" Stuart C. Dodd, ed. (1930s). Collection of publications on social sciences in the Middle East.

Grand Duchess Vera Konstantinovna of Russia

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Grand Duchess <mask>na of Russia (16 February 1854 – 11 April 1912), ) was a daughter of Grand Duke Konstantine Nicholaievich of Russia. She was a granddaughter of Tsar Nicholas I and first cousin of Tsar Alexander III of Russia. She had a difficult childhood marked by illness and tantrums. In 1863, while her father was Viceroy of Poland, she was given away to be raised by her childless uncle and aunt, King Karl and Queen Olga of Württemberg. <mask>'s condition improved in their home and she outgrew her disruptive behavior. In 1871 she was legally adopted by Karl and Olga, who arranged her marriage in 1874 to Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877), a member of the Silesian ducal branch of the family. Her husband died suddenly three years later.<mask>, only twenty-three years old, did not remarry, dedicating herself to her twin daughters. At the death of King Karl in 1891, <mask> inherited a considerable fortune and she turned her home into a cultural gathering place. She was a popular figure in Württemberg, notable for her charitable work. Grand Duchess <mask> was known in royal circles as an eccentric both in appearance and behavior. Although she kept in touch with her Romanov relatives, visiting Russia many times, she identified more closely with her adopted country. In 1909 she abandoned Orthodox Christianity and converted to Lutheranism. She died two years later after a stroke.Early life Grand Duchess <mask> of Russia was born in St. Petersburg on 16 February 1854, the fourth child and second daughter of the six children of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia and his wife Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna (born Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg). Grand Duchess <mask> spent her early years in St Petersburg and in 1861, the family moved to Warsaw when her father was appointed Viceroy of Poland. <mask> was a troubled child, prone to violent fits of anger, and suffered what was officially described as a "nervous condition". She became so unmanageable that her parents decided to send her to her aunt, Grand Duchess Olga, Queen of Württemberg, who agreed to take care of her. On 7 December 1863, Grand Duke Constantin and his wife arrived with nine-year-old <mask> in Stuttgart, entrusting her care to the childless King Karl of Württemberg and Queen Olga. Officially this was ascribed to the more advanced medical treatment the child would receive in Germany, but it was also a way for <mask>'s parents to hide her embarrassing illness from the Russian court. Queen Olga was happy to take care of her niece in spite of the difficulties, and for <mask>, her aunt eventually took the place of her mother.Queen Olga and her husband were devoted foster parents, but in the beginning, they had little success in improving the girl's condition. <mask> was homesick and continued to be extremely difficult, to the point of being physically violent towards them. Periodically, <mask> had to be brought under control by an army officer, and on more than one occasion she was locked up. Karl went for long walks with <mask> and read passages from the Bible to her in the evening. By 1866, there was still little improvement in <mask>'s condition, but Queen Olga persevered and with time, Grand Duchess <mask> eventually outgrew her disruptive behavior. As a young woman, she was introspective, shy, but clever with an intellectual bent. She disliked ceremony.Her physical appearance, like her personality, was rather peculiar. She had thick, curly blonde hair, but was short, stumpy and extremely plain. Marriage King Karl and Queen Olga legally adopted Grand Duchess <mask> in 1871. They arranged her marriage to a member of the Silesian branch of their family, Duke Eugen of Württemberg (born 20 August 1846 – 27 January 1877), as in this way she would not have to leave the country after her marriage. The couple were distant cousins, as <mask> was a great-great granddaughter of Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg twice over; on her father's side and on her mother's. The engagement took place in January 1874, pleasing both families. Grand Duke Konstantine wrote to the King and Queen profusely thanking them for the help they had given to his daughter.Queen Olga wrote to her friend Marie von Kiderlen-Waechter, "My problem child is now a happy bride, loving and beloved. I never dreamed that such happiness could exist. Eugen is already like a son to the King. I fold my hands and thank God day and night for such a blessing". Even the heir to the Württemberg throne, Prince William, wrote that <mask> was the luckiest bride in the world. "While she is very ugly and will always remain so, compared to how she was as a child she is unbelievably improved. I consider her not to be without accomplishments, and, I believe, not without heart."<mask> was nineteen and Eugen twenty-eight. The wedding was celebrated with great pomp in Stuttgart on 4 May 1874 in the presence of <mask>'s uncle, Tsar Alexander II, who, noticing the unattractiveness of his niece, remarked ungallantly, "I confess that I do not envy the young husband". He did, however, arrange for <mask>'s father to settle a million rubles on her as a dowry. The couple settled in a large house, the "Akademie" in Stuttgart. The following year, <mask> gave birth to a son, Karl Eugen, who died only seven months later. In 1876, <mask> had twin daughters, Elsa and Olga. However, the Grand Duchess' married life was to be short-lived.Her husband, an officer in the Württemberg army, took charge of a command in Düsseldorf, where he died unexpectedly on 27 January 1877. The cause of death was officially given as, alternately, a fall from a horse, and a respiratory illness. However, many believed the Duke, a well-known bon vivant, had actually been killed in a duel, which was hushed up. The marriage had lasted three years. Only twenty-three years old, <mask> never married again. She reacted to the death of her husband in practical, not grief-stricken terms. Rather than returning to her native country, the young widow decided to stay in Württemberg, the country she felt to be her own, where she had the protection of the King.However, she traveled frequently to visit her relatives in Russia as well as her only sister, Queen Olga of the Hellenes, in Greece. At the death of King Karl in 1891, <mask> inherited a considerable fortune, and when Queen Olga died a year later, she received Villa Berg in Stuttgart, where she lived in considerable style. She also wrote poetry, and her home was the scene of many cultural as well as family gatherings Bright and talkative, Grand Duchess <mask> was popular in Württemberg, where she dedicated herself to charitable work. Refuges for fallen women, called "<mask>'s Homes"; the Benevolent Institution; the Olga Clinic in Stuttgart; the Nicholas nursing station for the blind, the Mariaberg Institute near Reutlingen, the dragoon regiment of her late husband, and a Russian regiment, were among the more than thirty institutions and organizations under her patronage. She was also involved in the construction of the Orthodox Church of St Nicholas in Stuttgart. Last years Grand Duchess <mask> visited Russia often and was present with her daughters in May 1896 during the coronation ceremonies of Tsar Nicholas II. The elder of the twins, Elsa, was first engaged in January 1895 to Hereditary Prince Alfred of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, a grandson of Queen Victoria.The engagement was quickly broken off, and Elsa married a distant cousin, Prince Albert of Schaumburg-Lippe, brother of Queen Charlotte of Württemberg. The following year, <mask>'s other daughter, Olga, married her brother-in-law's younger brother, Prince Maximilian of Schaumburg-Lippe. Olga's fate was similar to <mask>'s; she had three children and within a few years of her marriage, she lost a child and her husband, becoming a widow at an early age and never marrying again. Aged beyond her years, Grand Duchess <mask> was now in poor health. Some authorities now speculate that she suffered from Sydenham's chorea or Saint Vitus Dance, a neurological movement disorder characterized by abrupt, involuntary movements. In Stuttgart <mask> was assigned an officer to follow her about, to make sure that if she had an attack she would not fall and injure herself. By the turn of the century, <mask>va appeared small and dumpy with a fat, round face.She wore her hair very short, which gave her a masculine look. Extremely nearsighted, she wore a pince-nez. She was considered rather eccentric, but she had a good sense of humor and her funny remarks were remembered by her nephews and nieces. She was well liked by her family. After living in Württemberg for so long, she was at odds politically and religiously with her Russian relatives. Her political sympathies lay with Germany and she did not share the increasingly anti-German view of the Romanovs. <mask>na was very religious, but had never understood the Orthodox faith and eventually abandoned it to convert to Lutheranism in 1909, to the consternation of the Romanov family.She then commissioned the building of a Protestant church on the grounds of Villa Berg. In 1903, during the wedding dinner for Princess Alice of Battenberg to her nephew Prince Andrew of Greece in Darmstadt, Prince Christopher recalled "My brother George sat next to her, and at a pause in the proceedings, snatched off her tiara and put it on his own head. Everybody laughed, Aunt <mask> included, although she vowed vengeance on the culprit. Her turn came, as she thought, a little later, when the bride and bridegroom started on their honeymoon. We were all gathered at the door, throwing rice at them, when someone knocked off poor Aunt <mask>'s glasses, which were smashed to atoms on the stone steps." An unfortunate man who happened to be standing next to the Grand Duchess, then became the object of her wrath. She knocked the man's hat off and began to hit him over the head with it.Grand Duchess <mask>na suffered a stroke in October 1911. She had a slow recovery and she died in Stuttgart on 11 April 1912 of an acute renal failure, aged fifty-eight. She was deeply mourned as she was the most popular princess of the Royal house of Württemberg. Children Grand Duchess <mask> and her husband Duke Eugene of Württemberg had three children: Charles-Eugen of Württemberg (8 April 1875 – 11 November 1875). Elsa of Württemberg (1 March 1876 – 27 May 1936) m. 1897 Albrecht of Schaumburg-Lippe (24 October 1869 – 25 December 1942). Maximilian of Schaumburg-Lippe (28 March 1898 – 4 February 1974) Franz Josef of Schaumburg-Lippe (1 September 1899 – 6 July 1963) Alexander of Schaumburg-Lippe (20 January 1901 – 26 November 1923) Bathildis of Schaumburg-Lippe (11 November 1903 – 29 June 1983) Olga of Württemberg (1 March 1876 – 21 October 1932) m. 1898 Maximilian of Schaumburg-Lippe (13 March 1871 – 1 April 1904). Eugen of Schaumburg-Lippe (8 August 1899 – 9 November 1929) Albrecht of Schaumburg-Lippe (17 October 1900 – 20 May 1984) Bernhard of Schaumburg-Lippe (8 December 1902 – 24 June 1903) Ancestry Notes Bibliography Beéche, Arturo.The Grand Duchesses. Eurohistory, 2004. Grand Duchess George of Russia. A Romanov Diary. Atlantic International Publications, 1988. Jena, Detlef. Koenigin Olga von Wuerttemberg: Glueck und Leid ("Queen Olga of Wuerttemberg: Happiness and Pain").Pustet, 2009. King Greg, and Penny Marshall. Gilded Prism. Eurohistory, 2006. Thomsen, Sabine. Die Württembergischen Koeniginnen. Tübigen, Silberburg Verlag GmbH, 2006. . 1854 births 1912 deaths House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov Duchesses of Württemberg People from Saint Petersburg Converts to Lutheranism from Eastern Orthodoxy Russian Lutherans Russian grand duchesses Former Russian Orthodox Christians 19th-century Russian people 19th-century Russian women

Edwin Lutyens

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Sir <mask> ( ; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, "In his lifetime (<mask>) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior". The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as "surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century". <mask> played an instrumental role in designing and building New Delhi, which would later on serve as the seat of the Government of India. In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as "Lutyens' Delhi". In collaboration with Sir Herbert Baker, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate; he also designed Viceroy's House, which is now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan.Many of his works were inspired by Indian architecture. He was elected Master of the Art Workers' Guild in 1933. Early life <mask> was born in Kensington, London, the tenth of thirteen children of Mary Theresa Gallwey (1832/33–1906) from Killarney, Ireland, and Captain Charles Henry <mask> (1829–1915), a soldier and painter. His sister, Mary Constance Elphinstone <mask> (1868–1951), wrote novels under her married name Mrs George Wemyss. He grew up in Thursley, Surrey. He was named after a friend of his father, the painter and sculptor <mask> Landseer. <mask> studied architecture at South Kensington School of Art, London, from 1885 to 1887.After college he joined the Ernest George and Harold Peto architectural practice. It was here that he first met Sir Herbert Baker. For many years he worked from offices at 29 Bloomsbury Square, London. Private practice He began his own practice in 1888, his first commission being a private house at Crooksbury, Farnham, Surrey. During this work, he met the garden designer and horticulturalist Gertrude Jekyll. In 1896 he began work on a house for Jekyll at Munstead Wood near Godalming, Surrey. It was the beginning of a professional partnership that would define the look of many Lutyens country houses.The "Lutyens-Jekyll" garden had hardy shrubbery and herbaceous plantings within a structural architecture of stairs and balustraded terraces. This combined style, of the formal with the informal, exemplified by brick paths, herbaceous borders, and with plants such as lilies, lupins, delphiniums and lavender, was in contrast to the formal bedding schemes favoured by the previous generation in the 19th century. This "natural" style was to define the "English garden" until modern times. <mask>' fame grew largely through the popularity of the new lifestyle magazine Country Life created by Edward Hudson, which featured many of his house designs. Hudson was a great admirer of <mask>' style and commissioned <mask> for a number of projects, including Lindisfarne Castle and the Country Life headquarters building in London, at 8 Tavistock Street. One of his assistants in the 1890s was Maxwell Ayrton. By the turn of the century, <mask> was recognised as one of architecture's coming men.In his major study of English domestic buildings, Das englische Haus, published in 1904, Hermann Muthesius wrote of <mask>, "He is a young man who has come increasingly to the forefront of domestic architects and who may soon become the accepted leader among English builders of houses". Works The bulk of <mask>' early work consisted of private houses in an Arts and Crafts style, strongly influenced by Tudor architecture and the vernacular styles of south-east England. This was the most innovative phase of his career. Important works of this period include Munstead Wood, Tigbourne Court, Orchards and Goddards in Surrey, Deanery Garden and Folly Farm in Berkshire, Overstrand Hall in Norfolk and Le Bois des Moutiers in France. After about 1900 this style gave way to a more conventional Classicism, a change of direction which had a profound influence on wider British architectural practice. His commissions were of a varied nature from private houses to two churches for the new Hampstead Garden Suburb in London to Julius Drewe's Castle Drogo near Drewsteignton in Devon and on to his contributions to India's new imperial capital, New Delhi (where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others). Here he added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and based his urbanisation scheme on Mughal water gardens.He also designed the Hyderabad House for the last Nizam of Hyderabad, as his Delhi palace. Before the end of the First World War, he was appointed one of three principal architects for the Imperial War Graves Commission (now Commonwealth War Graves Commission) and was involved with the creation of many monuments to commemorate the dead. Larger cemeteries have a Stone of Remembrance, designed by him. The best known of these monuments are the Cenotaph in Whitehall, Westminster, and the Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, Thiepval. The Cenotaph was originally commissioned by David Lloyd George as a temporary structure to be the centrepiece of the Allied Victory Parade in 1919. Lloyd George proposed a catafalque, a low empty platform, but it was <mask>' idea for the taller monument. The design took less than six hours to complete.<mask> also designed many other war memorials, and others are based on or inspired by <mask>' designs. Examples of <mask>' other war memorials include the War Memorial Gardens in Dublin, the Tower Hill memorial, the Manchester Cenotaph and the Arch of Remembrance memorial in Leicester. <mask> also refurbished Lindisfarne Castle for its wealthy owner. One of <mask>' smaller works, but considered one of his masterpieces, is The Salutation, a house in Sandwich, Kent, England. Built in 1911–1912 with a garden, it was commissioned by Henry Farrer, one of three sons of Sir William Farrer. He was knighted in 1918 and elected a Royal Academician in March 1920. In 1924, he was appointed a member of the newly created Royal Fine Art Commission, a position he held until his death.While work continued in New Delhi, <mask> received other commissions including several commercial buildings in London and the British Embassy in Washington, DC. In 1924 he completed the supervision of the construction of what is perhaps his most popular design: Queen Mary's Dolls' House. This four-storey Palladian villa was built in 1/12 scale and is now a permanent exhibit in the public area of Windsor Castle. It was not conceived or built as a plaything for children; its goal was to exhibit the finest British craftsmanship of the period. <mask> was commissioned in 1929 to design a new Roman Catholic cathedral in Liverpool. He planned a vast building of brick and granite, topped with towers and a dome, with commissioned sculpture work by Charles Sargeant Jagger and W. C. H. King. Work on this building started in 1933, but was halted during World War II.After the war, the project ended due to a shortage of funding, with only the crypt completed. A model of <mask>' unrealised building was given to and restored by the Walker Art Gallery in 1975 and is now on display in the Museum of Liverpool. The architect of the present Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, which was built over part of the crypt and consecrated in 1967, was Sir Frederick Gibberd. In 1945, a year after his death, A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull was published. <mask> worked on the plan with Sir Patrick Abercrombie and they are credited as its co-authors. Abercrombie's introduction in the plan makes special reference to <mask>' contribution. The plan was, however, rejected by the City Council of Hull.He was also involved in the Royal Academy's planning for post-war London, an endeavour dismissed by Osbert Lancaster as "... not unlike what the new Nuremberg might have been had the Fuhrer enjoyed the inestimable advantage of the advice and guidance of the late Sir Aston Webb". Recognition <mask> received the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 1921, and the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 1925. In November 2015 the British government announced that all 44 of <mask>' First World War memorials in Britain had now been listed on the advice of Historic England, and were therefore all protected by law. This involved the one remaining memorial—the Gerrards Cross Memorial Building in Buckinghamshire—being added to the list, plus a further fourteen having their statuses upgraded. The architectural critic Ian Nairn wrote of Lutyen's Surrey "masterpieces" in the 1971 Surrey volume of the Buildings of England series, while noting that; "the genius and the charlatan were very close together in Lutyens". In the introduction to the catalogue for the 1981 Lutyens exhibition at the Hayward Gallery, the architectural writer Colin Amery described Lutyens as "the builder of some of our finest country houses and gardens". In 2015 a memorial to Lutyens by the sculptor Stephen Cox was erected in Apple Tree Yard, Mayfair, London, adjacent to the studio where Lutyens prepared the designs for New Delhi.New Delhi Largely designed by <mask> over 20 or so years (1912 to 1930), New Delhi,

Edwin Lutyens

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situated within the metropolis of Delhi, popularly known as 'Lutyens' Delhi', was chosen to replace Calcutta as the seat of the British Indian government in 1912; the project was completed in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931. In undertaking this project, <mask> invented his own new order of classical architecture, which has become known as the Delhi Order and was used by him for several designs in England, such as Campion Hall, Oxford. Unlike the more traditional British architects who came before him, he was both inspired by and incorporated various features from the local and traditional Indian architecture—something most clearly seen in the great drum-mounted Buddhist dome of Viceroy's House, now Rashtrapati Bhavan. This palatial building, containing 340 rooms, is built on an area of some and incorporates a private garden also designed by <mask>. The building was designed as the official residence of the Viceroy of India and is now the official residence of the President of India. The Delhi Order columns at the front entrance of the palace have bells carved into them, which, it has been suggested, <mask> had designed with the idea that as the bells were silent the British rule would never come to an end. At one time, more than 2,000 people were required to care for the building and serve the Viceroy's household.The new city contains both the Parliament buildings and government offices (many designed by Herbert Baker) and was built distinctively of the local red sandstone using the traditional Mughal style. When composing the plans for New Delhi, <mask> planned for the new city to lie southwest of the walled city of Shahjahanbad. His plans for the city also laid out the street plan for New Delhi consisting of wide tree-lined avenues. Built in the spirit of British colonial rule, the place where the new imperial city and the older native settlement met was intended to be a market. It was there that <mask> imagined the Indian traders would participate in "the grand shopping centre for the residents of Shahjahanabad and New Delhi", thus giving rise to the D-shaped market seen today. Many of the garden-ringed villas in the <mask>' Bungalow Zone (LBZ)—also known as <mask>' Delhi—that were part of <mask>' original scheme for New Delhi are under threat due to the constant pressure for development in Delhi. The LBZ was placed on the 2002 World Monuments Fund Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites.None of the bungalows in the LBZ were designed by <mask>—he only designed the four bungalows in the Presidential Estate surrounding Rashtrapati Bhavan at Willingdon Crescent, now known as Mother Teresa Crescent. Other buildings in Delhi that <mask> designed include Baroda House, Bikaner House, Hyderabad House, and Patiala House. In recognition of his architectural accomplishments for the British Raj, <mask> was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) on 1 January 1930. As a chivalric order, the KCIE knighthood held precedence over his earlier bachelor knighthood. A bust of <mask> in the former Viceroy's House is the only statue of a Westerner left in its original position in New Delhi. <mask>' work in New Delhi is the focus of Robert Grant Irving's book Indian Summer. In spite of his monumental work in India, Lutyens views on the peoples of the Indian sub-continent, although not uncommon for people of his time, would now be considered racist.Ireland Works in Ireland include the Irish National War Memorial Gardens in Islandbridge in Dublin, which consists of a bridge over the railway and a bridge over the River Liffey (unbuilt) and two tiered sunken gardens; Heywood House Gardens, County Laois (open to the public), consisting of a hedge garden, lawns, tiered sunken garden and a belvedere; extensive changes and extensions to Lambay Castle, Lambay Island, near Dublin, consisting of a circular battlement enclosing the restored and extended castle and farm building complex, upgraded cottages and stores near the harbour, a real tennis court, a large guest house (The White House), a boathouse and a chapel; alterations and extensions to Howth Castle, County Dublin; the unbuilt Hugh Lane gallery straddling the River Liffey on the site of the Ha'penny Bridge and the unbuilt Hugh Lane Gallery on the west side of St Stephen's Green; and Costelloe Lodge at Casla (also known as Costelloe), County Galway (that was used for refuge by J. Bruce Ismay, the Chairman of the White Star Line, following the sinking of the R.M.S. Titanic). In 1907, <mask> designed Tranarossan House, located just north of Downings on the Rosguill Peninsula on the north coast of County Donegal. The house was built of local granite for Mr and Mrs Phillimore, from London, as a holiday home. In 1937, Mrs Phillimore donated it to An Óige (Irish Youth Hostels Association) for the "youth of Ireland", and it has been a hostel ever since. Spain In Madrid, <mask>' work can be seen in the interiors of the Liria Palace, a neoclassical building which was severely damaged during the Spanish Civil War. The palace was originally built in the 18th century for The 1st Duke of Berwick, and still belongs to his descendants.<mask>' reconstruction was commissioned by The 17th Duke of Alba. The Duke had been in contact with <mask> while he was the Spanish ambassador to the Court of St. James's. Between 1915 and 1928, <mask> also produced designs of a palace for the Duke of Alba's younger brother, The 18th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero. The palace of El Guadalperal, as it was to be called, would have been, if built, <mask>'s largest country house. Marriage and later life <mask> married Lady Emily Bulwer-Lytton (1874–1964) on 4 August 1897 at Knebworth, Hertfordshire. She was third daughter of Edith (née Villiers) and the 1st Earl of Lytton, a former Viceroy of India. Lady Emily had proposed to <mask> two years before the wedding, and her parents disapproved of the marriage.They had five children, but their marriage was largely unsatisfactory, practically from the start, with Lady Emily developing interests in theosophy, Eastern religions, and being drawn both emotionally and philosophically to Jiddu Krishnamurti. Children <mask> (1898–1981), second wife of Euan Wallace (1892–1941), Minister of Transport. <mask> (1901–1971), interior designer. Designed the façade used for over 40 Marks & Spencer stores. <mask> (1904–1967), wife of the 3rd Viscount Ridley. They were the parents of the 4th Viscount Ridley (1925–2012), and of the Cabinet Minister Nicholas Ridley (1929–1993). Nicholas Ridley was the father of <mask>' biographer, Jane Ridley.(Agnes) <mask> (1906–1983), a well-known composer. Second marriage to the conductor Edward Clark. (Edith Penelope) <mask> (1908–1999), a writer known for her books about the philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti. During the later years of his life, <mask> suffered with several bouts of pneumonia. In the early 1940s he was diagnosed with cancer. He died on 1 January 1944 and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium where he had designed the Philipson Mausoleum in 1914–1916. His ashes were buried in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral, beneath a memorial designed by his friend and fellow architect William Curtis Green.Major buildings and projects 1897: Munstead Wood, Surrey 1899: Orchards, Surrey 1900: Goddards, Surrey 1901: Tigbourne Court, Surrey 1901: Deanery Garden, Sonning, Berkshire 1903: Papillon Hall, Lubenham, Leicestershire 1911: British Medical Association in Tavistock Square, London 1912: Great Dixter, Northiam, East Sussex 1928: Hyderabad House, New Delhi 1929: Rashtrapathi Bhavan, New Delhi 1930: Castle Drogo, Drewsteignton, Devon 1935: The Midland Bank, Manchester 1936: Baroda House, New Delhi 1936—1938: Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial, Somme, France Publications Edwin Lutyens & Charles Bressey, The Highway Development Survey, Ministry of Transport, 1937 <mask>tyens & Patrick Abercrombie, A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull, Brown (London & Hull), 1945. Gallery See also Herbert Tudor Buckland, a contemporary Arts & Crafts architect Butterfly plan History of gardening Landscape design history (category) Footnotes References Sources Further reading External links The Lutyens Trust Jane Ridley, "Architect for the metropolis", City Journal, Spring 1998 The creations of Sir <mask> @ Ward's Book of Days The cathedral that never was – exhibition of Lutyens' cathedral model at the Walker Art Gallery – An 1898 house in France designed by <mask> and its garden designed by <mask> and Gertrude Jekyll. Collection of over 2000 photos of <mask>' work on Flickr 1869 births 1944 deaths Artists from London People of the Victorian era Architects from London Neoclassical architects Arts and Crafts movement artists Arts and Crafts architects Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects 19th-century English architects 20th-century English architects Royal Academicians Members of the Order of Merit Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire Knights Bachelor Alumni of the Royal College of Art Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal Commonwealth War Graves Commission Golders Green Crematorium Burials at St Paul's Cathedral Lutyens family Masters of the Art Worker's Guild Recipients of the AIA

Stuart A. Levey

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<mask><mask> was the first Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence within the United States Department of the Treasury. He was sworn in on July 21, 2004 as a political appointee of President George W. Bush. President Barack Obama asked Levey to remain in his position and <mask> was one of only a small number of Senate-confirmed Bush appointees who served in the Obama Administration. Education and Career <mask> grew up in a Jewish family near Akron, Ohio, where his father had practiced dentistry. <mask> attended Harvard College, graduating summa cum laude in 1986, and in 1989 he graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School. After law school, Levey clerked for Judge Laurence Silberman on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1989 through 1990.Prior to joining the Justice Department in 2001, <mask> spent 11 years in private practice at the Washington law firm Miller, Cassidy, Larroca & Lewin LLP (which merged into Baker Botts LLP). He had a litigation practice with a special emphasis on white collar criminal defense. Beginning in 2001, <mask> served in several senior positions in the U.S. Department of Justice, including as Principal Associate Deputy Attorney General for Deputy Attorney General Larry Thompson and Deputy Attorney General James Comey. In that role, <mask> was the Deputy Attorney General's primary advisor for coordinating the Department's counterterrorism and national security activities, including investigations, intelligence collection and prosecutions. Prior to serving in that role, <mask> was an Associate Deputy Attorney General and Chief of Staff to the Deputy Attorney General. <mask> was sworn in on July 21, 2004 as the Under Secretary of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence at the U.S. Department of the Treasury in the administration of President George W. Bush. President Barack Obama asked <mask> to remain in his position and Levey was one of only a small number of Senate-confirmed Bush appointees who served in the Obama Administration.<mask> served until March 2011. He was succeeded by David S. Cohen. <mask> played a central role in the efforts to combat North Korea's and Iran's allegedly illicit conduct in the international financial system. In January 2012, <mask> joined HSBC as the bank's Chief Legal Officer. In August 2020, he became CEO of the Diem Association. Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence As the first Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI), from July 2004, <mask> was responsible for creating a new office to lead the Treasury Department's revitalized post-9/11 national security mission. <mask> is credited with developing and executing financial strategies to counter threats to U.S. national security and protect the integrity of the international financial system.He has also been recognized for leading the U.S. government's efforts to disrupt financial networks supporting terrorist organizations; developing and implementing financial measures against proliferators of weapons of mass destruction; and playing a central role in U.S. strategies to pressure the regimes in North Korea, Iran and Libya. He is credited, in particular, with designing the financial strategy that resulted in tremendous pressure on Iran's economy and its isolation from the international financial system. One of <mask>'s key initiatives was harnessing the private sector to enhance the effectiveness of government-imposed financial measures. He "led an effort to convince foreign banks to cease conducting business with Iran until that country agreed to comply with international banking standards. By showing companies and banks that doing business in Iran has financial and diplomatic repercussions, he has convinced corporations to cut off business with Iran." TFI's efforts received support from both Republicans and Democrats. <mask>, an appointee of the George W. Bush administration, was asked to remain in his position by the Obama Administration.TFI, through its implementation of economic sanctions and other financial measures, put pressure on the regimes in North Korea, Iran, and Libya. TFI was responsible for leading the U.S. government's efforts to cut off financing to terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda, Hamas and Hezbollah. In pursuing that effort against al Qaeda, <mask> focused attention on wealthy Gulf-based donors, particularly from Saudi Arabia. He was once quoted as saying,"If I could somehow snap my fingers and cut off the funding from one country, it would be Saudi Arabia." No one identified by the United States and the United Nations as a terror financier has been prosecuted by the Saudis, he elaborated. He later acknowledged significant improvement in the partnership between the U.S. and Saudi Arabia in targeting al-Qaeda financing. In June 2006, the New York Times reported that counterterrorism officials had gained access to financial records from a vast international database of banking transactions involving Americans and others in the United States.In response to concerns about privacy issues, <mask> said that the Terrorist Financing Tracking Program (TFTP) "has provided us with a unique and powerful window into the operations of terrorist networks and is, without doubt, a legal and proper use of our authorities." Since the creation of the TFTP, the United States and European Union (EU) have entered into a long-standing and comprehensive information sharing agreement to thwart the financing of terrorism around the world and gain timely, accurate, and reliable information about activities associated with suspected acts of terrorist planning and financing. A 2019 EU evaluation of the TFTP found that “over 70,000 leads were generated, some of which brought forward investigations into terrorist attacks on EU territory, such as those in Stockholm, Barcelona, and Turku. The number of leads increased considerably compared to almost 9,000 in the previous reporting period (1 March 2014 to 31 December 2015).” In November 2020, the Wall Street Journal reported that EU member countries widely use the TFTP to monitor global financial ties to terrorism and thwart terrorist actors. In July 2010, <mask> said that <mask> al-<mask> "has proven that he is extraordinarily dangerous, committed to carrying out deadly attacks on Americans and others worldwide ... [and] has involved himself in every aspect of the supply chain of terrorism—fundraising for terrorist groups, recruiting and training operatives, and planning and ordering attacks on innocents." Acting Treasury Secretary On January 15, 2009 President-elect Barack Obama designated <mask> to serve as Acting Treasury Secretary until Obama nominee Timothy Geithner was confirmed to the post. Geithner was confirmed on January 26.Chief Legal Officer, HSBC Holdings plc After leaving the U.S. Department of the Treasury, <mask> served as the Chief Legal Officer and a Group Managing Director of HSBC Holdings plc, a global bank with 257,000 employees across 67 jurisdictions in 2014. <mask> joined HSBC in 2012 as the bank was seeking to resolve investigations into past anti-money laundering and sanctions compliance failures and to re-build its reputation. <mask> led a legal department made up of more than 800 lawyers in more than 50 countries, and re-focused the mission of the department to help the bank do what is legal and what is right. In a speech to The Economist’s General Counsel summit, <mask> said that helping a business navigate the external environment requires its senior lawyers to be conscious not only of what the law is in any particular jurisdiction, but also of how the law might evolve in the future. <mask> said that businesses must also be aware of how the company might be judged based on the application of broad standards, by several regulators, in numerous jurisdictions, all while acting with the benefit of hindsight. He said that for senior lawyers in a multinational corporation the questions of what is legal and what is right are inextricably linked. In May of 2016, <mask> wrote an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal in response to an effort by then-Secretary of State John Kerry to persuade major non-US banks to do business with Iran.In the op-ed, <mask> stated that HSBC’s “decisions will be driven by the financial-crime risks and the underlying conduct,” and “[f]or these reasons, HSBC has no intention of doing any new business involving Iran.” He further noted that”[g]overnments can lift sanctions, but the private sector is still responsible for managing its own risk and no doubt will be held accountable if it falls short.”  He explained that the conduct that was the basis for Iran-related sanctions, including activities related to terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, had not changed. Upon <mask>’s departure from HSBC in 2020, HSBC chief executive Noel Quinn sent an email to staff in which he said that <mask> had been an “exemplary” chief legal officer after joining “at one of the most challenging moments in the Group’s history”. Quinn further noted that Levey “was a driving force behind the bank’s transformation in how we fight financial crime and helped us to rebuild our reputation, as well as the trust of our regulators and other government stakeholders.” <mask>, the former chief executive of HSBC, said that Levey was “the most important key hire” he made during his tenure. Diem Association and Diem Networks US In May of 2020, <mask> was appointed the CEO of the Diem Association, a member-based association dedicated to building a blockchain-based payment system that supports financial innovation, inclusion, and integrity and is designed with robust controls to protect consumers and fight financial crime. <mask> is also the CEO of Diem Networks US. On becoming the Diem Association’s CEO, <mask> said that the project “charts a bold path forward to harness the power of technology to transform the global payments landscape,” and that Diem will “empower more than a billion people who have been left on the sidelines of the financial system, all with robust controls to detect and deter illicit financial activity.” Former US Secretary of the Treasury Henry Paulson, said: “The fact that <mask> is an expert at countering abuses of our financial system by terrorists [and] money launderers . . . gives me confidence that this digital currency is highly likely to set a standard for safety.” In May 2020, the Financial Times reported that Levey was reviewing Diem's plans for financial crime compliance and other critical controls to deter illegal and illicit use of the Diem blockchain and currency ahead of its launch, as well as to protect the privacy of users.Under <mask>'s leadership, the Diem Association has made significant changes to the project that was initially rolled out as Libra in 2019, incorporating feedback from regulators. <mask> has steered the Diem project to work “with regulators, central bankers, elected officials, and various stakeholders around the world to determine the best way to marry blockchain technology with accepted regulatory frameworks.” <mask> has also said that a key objective of Diem is to promote the inclusion of billions of unbanked and underbanked people in the formal financial system. In 2020, <mask> pointed to high-cost remittance fees in the developing world as a motivator for the Diem project. Speaking to the American Banker, <mask> emphasized how critical getting the protections right for the new payment system would be: “I personally want to build a project that has the type of financial crime controls that can even go beyond the effectiveness of the traditional banking system. We’re going to have world-class anti-money-laundering and sanctions controls.” Criticism According to The New York Times, the failure of the United States to carry out sanctions against many Iranian companies and individuals is cited by European diplomats as an example of America failing to do what it has promised. Valerie Lincy of Iran Watch has said, "The United States now lags many other countries in enforcing sanctions that the United Nations has already voted." The Tehran Times wrote that the U.S. Treasury has increased pressure on foreign banks not to deal with sanctions against Iran, including performing "U-turn transactions," which allow U.S. banks to process payments involving Iran that begin and end with a non-Iranian foreign bank.In reply to Lincy's comments, <mask> said that the United States has tougher sanctions on Iran than any other country. He said that because their list of organizations and individuals involved in financial crime is accurate, it is America's list that "is by and large used by financial institutions around the world." References External links 20th-century births Living people 20th-century American Jews 21st-century American Jews 21st-century American politicians Acting United States Secretaries of the Treasury Harvard College alumni Harvard Law School alumni Obama administration cabinet members Place of birth missing (living people) Politicians from Akron, Ohio United States Department of the Treasury officials Year of birth missing (living people)

Flood (producer)

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Mark Ellis (born 16 August 1960), known by his professional pseudonym <mask>, is a British post-punk and alternative rock record producer and audio engineer. <mask>'s list of work includes projects with New Order, U2, Nine Inch Nails, Marc and the Mambas, Depeche Mode, Gary Numan, Sneaker Pimps, King, Ministry, The Charlatans, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Erasure, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, PJ Harvey, Foals, a-ha, Orbital, Sigur Rós, The Jesus And Mary Chain,The Smashing Pumpkins, The Killers, White Lies, Pop Will Eat Itself, Warpaint and EOB. His co-production collaborations have included projects with Brian Eno, Daniel Lanois, Steve Lillywhite, and longtime collaborator Alan Moulder, with whom he co-founded the Assault & Battery studio complex. In 2006, his work with U2 led to his sharing of the Grammy Award for Album of the Year for How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb. He is not to be confused with Mark Ellis, the bassist from the British mod revival band The Lambrettas from the late 1970s and early 1980s. Early years Mark Ellis was born in London, England. As a child, Ellis attended St Olave's Grammar School in Orpington, England.He began his music career as the vocalist for the band Seven Hertz. During that same time, he began his professional studio career as a runner at Morgan Studios in London, where he also served as Tape Operator on 1984 by Rick Wakeman. Ellis also was a runner at Battery Studios in London and held apprenticeships at Marcus Studios and Trident Studios. Freelance and Some Bizzare Records <mask> moved up to house engineer before going freelance in 1981, the same year he worked as assistant engineer on New Order's debut album, Movement. The following year, he engineered Ministry's debut album, With Sympathy. He then became associated with Stevo's Some Bizzare Records label, leading to work with Cabaret Voltaire, Psychic TV, and Marc Almond's side project, Marc and the Mambas, among others. Mute Records Following his work with Some Bizzare Records, <mask> began working with Mute Records as one of their preferred producers, heralding his first production project with Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds on From Her to Eternity (1983–1984) and the follow-up album, The Firstborn Is Dead (1984).His work at Mute was as producer, co-producer or engineer with each of the label's major acts, including Depeche Mode, Vince Clarke and Erasure, whose debut album Wonderland (1986) and its followup The Circus (1987) he engineered. Mainstream commercial success <mask>'s first mainstream commercial break came in 1987 when he engineered U2's The Joshua Tree, alongside producers Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois. In that same year, he gave up mixing U2's album to produce Erasure's The Circus - which was the duo's second album and the first one to have great commercial success. Shortly thereafter, he co-produced Nine Inch Nails on debut Pretty Hate Machine, along with John Fryer, Adrian Sherwood, and Keith LeBlanc. He also worked with Depeche Mode on their 1990 album, Violator. In 1991, he returned to work again with U2 on Achtung Baby, along with Brian Eno, Daniel Lanois and Steve Lillywhite. The following year, he also returned to work with Depeche Mode to record the album Songs of Faith and Devotion and co-produced three tracks of Nine Inch Nails' Broken EP.In 1993, <mask> shifted from engineering U2's albums to producing them, sharing duties with Brian Eno and The Edge on Zooropa. In 1994, he worked again with Nine Inch Nails, this time on The Downward Spiral. In 1995, <mask> co-produced The Smashing Pumpkins' album Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness with longtime collaborator Alan Moulder, and PJ Harvey's album To Bring You My Love. Shortly thereafter, he assisted producer Nellee Hooper on Sneaker Pimps' Becoming X. He also collaborated with Dave Bessell, Gary Stout and Ed Buller to create Node; an analogue synth heavy project that produced a single album, Node. In 1996 <mask> teamed up with U2 once again to produce Pop, released the next year. The following year, he assisted Billy Corgan and Brad Wood on The Smashing Pumpkins's 1998 album Adore and co-produced PJ Harvey's album Is This Desire?.2000 to 2005 In 2000, he co-produced Machina/The Machines of God by The Smashing Pumpkins with Corgan. He also co-produced Erasure's Loveboat with Vince Clarke and Andy Bell of Erasure. The following year <mask> worked again with Depeche Mode, remixing the single version of "Freelove", and in 2002 he produced Richard Warren's Echoboy album Giraffe. He also co-produced I To Sky, by JJ72. In 2003, <mask> re-worked Cars for Gary Numan's album Hybrid. The following year he produced London based The Duke Spirit's debut album Cuts Across The Land. In the same year he co-produced U2's How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb.In 2004 he produced Soulwax's album Any Minute Now and in mid-2005 he mixed a-ha's eighth album, Analogue, and produced Yourcodenameis:Milo's debut album Ignoto. Later that year, <mask> also mixed Placebo's album Meds. 2006 to 2013 <mask> co-produced The Killers' album Sam's Town in 2006 with fellow English producer/engineer Alan Moulder. Later that year he remixed the debut single by Dark Room Notes, Love Like Nicotine. At the beginning of 2007, he co-produced PJ Harvey's album White Chalk with John Parish and PJ Harvey. He also co-produced a couple of songs on the Goldfrapp album Seventh Tree, which was released in February 2008. In late 2007/early 2008, he produced Sigur Rós's Með suð í eyrum við spilum endalaust in Iceland.<mask> and Paul Hartnoll of Orbital co-produced the 2008 album by The Music, Strength in Numbers. He produced the 2009 album by The Hours, See the Light. He joined Steve Lillywhite again in 2008 to work with Thirty Seconds to Mars, on This Is War. And then worked with Editors on In This Light and on This Evening. He also collaborated with Nitzer Ebb again to finish up their first new release in over a decade, Industrial Complex. In 2010, he produced Belong by The Pains of Being Pure at Heart and Let England Shake by PJ Harvey. In 2013, <mask> worked again with Depeche Mode, being responsible for the mixing process of their album "Delta Machine", which was produced by Ben Hillier.Studios <mask> had a studio in Kilburn called The Bedroom. He later opened the Assault & Battery studio complex with longtime recording partner Alan Moulder. In 2008, Miloco Studios opened Assault & Battery 2, a tracking and mix studio in Willesden Green. Assault & Battery 1 came under the Miloco umbrella in Summer 2009, and both Flood and Moulder remain involved with the studios. Production style Billy Corgan, who worked with <mask> on three albums, said, "<mask>'s incredible. <mask> is a tremendous producer. <mask> is very masterful with the sonics, but where he really shines is he's a great idea person.And I don't mean like he tells you, "Oh, put this chorus here." It's more like he can see an ambiance of the song that you don't necessarily see and he would really fight with us – not negative a fight, just he would really kind of push us to say there's another vibe here that you can get to." Pseudonym According to producer Mark Freegard, Ellis' pseudonym, "<mask>," was given to him by producer Chris Tsangarides during Ellis' early days at Morgan Studios and while The Cure was there recording. As a young studio runner, Ellis was responsible for responding to numerous requests from the recording artists and staff for tea and bacon sandwiches. Ellis kept up with the numerous requests for tea while the other runner remained largely unavailable, leading to Tsangarides nicknaming them "<mask>" and "Drought," respectively.

Condy Raguet

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<mask> (January 28, 1784 – March 22, 1842) was the first chargé d'affaires from the United States to Brazil and a noted politician and free trade advocate from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Of French descent, Raguet was educated at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating he began studying law but had to give up his studies after the death of his father. He briefly worked as supercargo for a counting house, before going into business for himself. He later worked as manager or president for several companies, the most notable being the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society. In 1816 Raguet read about the growth of savings banks in Great Britain and liked the idea; he approached other Philadelphia business associates and together they created the Society, the first savings bank in the United States. As a member of the Federalist Party Raguet was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1815 and to the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1818.In 1821 President James Monroe made Raguet consul to Brazil. After Brazil became independent, President John Quincy Adams made Raguet the chargé d'affaires to Brazil. In this post, Raguet became increasingly frustrated with Brazil's lack of response to complaints by the United States of its citizens being forced to work on Brazilian warships against their will. Raguet's communications with the Brazilian government became increasingly forceful and undiplomatic to the point that he once wrote to the U.S. State Department that he was so frustrated he could hardly consider the Brazilians a civilized people. Despite urges from Washington, D.C. to improve his approach to Brazil, Raguet abruptly left the country after the Brazilian Navy seized a former U.S. warship. Adams would later write that, despite having good intentions, Raguet's "rashness and intemperance" nearly "brought this country and Brazil to the very verge of war." After Adams rejected any possibility of Raguet's returning to diplomatic work, Raguet returned to business in Philadelphia.Having his economic views shaped by the Panic of 1819, he became one of the most prominent advocates of free trade in the United States. He edited numerous journals relating to free trade and wrote and published works on the subject. The most notable was On Currency and Banking; published in 1839, Samuel J. Tilden called it "the best treatise on banking ever published in the country". Biography <mask> <mask> was born on January 28, 1784 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Of French descent, Raguet was educated at the University of Pennsylvania and for eighteen months after graduating he studied law. He had to give up his studies after the death of his father and became a merchant for a counting house. In 1804 he was sent to Santo Domingo as supercargo for a ship.He spent four months there and on his return he wrote and published A Short Account of the Present State of Affairs in St. Domingo. Raguet returned for eight months in 1805 and again published a book about events on the island. On December 23, 1807, Raguet was married to Catherine S. Simmons. In 1806, Raguet went into business and soon became the president and manager of several companies. During the War of 1812 he served as a colonel and took a prominent role in preparing defenses for Philadelphia. In 1815 Raguet went into politics when he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives as a member of the Federalist Party. In 1818 he was elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 1st district, a position he held until 1821.He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1822. Philadelphia Savings Fund Society In 1816, while president of the Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities, Raguet read journals and pamphlets about the growth of savings banks in Great Britain. Interested in the idea, he communicated the concept to some other businessmen he knew, and together they created the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society. The first savings bank in the United States, the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society would eventually grow into a respected Philadelphia institution that would last until 1992. Raguet was active in the early workings of the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society, working on committees to set up company operations, drafting by-laws, and creating a charter. In 1820 he submitted his resignation to the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society due to planned absences from the city. Initially the board rejected his resignation, but after he stopped attending board meetings, the board accepted his resignation in July 1821.Other activities of Raguet included law, with Raguet being admitted to the Philadelphia bar association in 1820. At other points in his life Raguet was president of the Chamber of Commerce and a member of the American Philosophical Society. As early as 1817 Raguet was also active in creation of a congregation based on Swedenborgianism. Brazil In 1821 President James Monroe appointed Raguet the United States consul in Rio de Janeiro. During his tenure, between 1822 and 1825, he negotiated a commercial treaty with Brazil. When the United States was preparing to formally recognize a newly independent Brazil through appointment of a chargé d'affaires, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams recommended Raguet for the post. Despite urges to complete formalizing relations between the United States and Brazil, President James Monroe did not appoint anyone before the end of his term.Almost immediately after taking office, President Adams appointed Raguet chargé d'affaires to Brazil on March 9, 1825. Raguet became the first chargé d'affaires from the United States to Brazil on October 29, 1825. One of the first issues he dealt with was the blockade of Argentine ports by the Brazilian navy during the Cisplatine War. Argentina was a growing trade partner of the United States and <mask> and his counterpart in Argentina worked to convince Brazil to restrict its blockade to only certain ports and that ships approaching the blockade should be given warning before being seized by Brazil. After negotiations, Brazil restricted its blockade to only ports in the Río de la Plata, but the blockade still encompassed more ports than the United States was pressing for. Brazil never made it a policy to give ships warning, but many ships were warned and let go. Relations between Brazil and the United States were strained over the recruiting of United States seamen for Brazilian warships through fraud and coercion.United States citizens were enticed onto Brazilian ships and after the end of their voluntary enlistment period were forced to stay. Raguet became exhausted with how the Brazilian government never followed up its promises to investigate the complaints. The issue only got worse as United States merchant ships were seized by Brazil for attempting or intending to bypass the blockade. The crews of the ships were often manipulated into Brazilian service or imprisoned. Tensions over the issue continued to rise particularly after a US Navy commander, backed by force, procured the release of two detained Americans. Eventually the Brazilian Navy ordered all ships to immediately surrender all improperly detained United States citizens. Despite the order, Raguet was increasingly frustrated with what he felt was Brazil's purposeful delay in processing detained United States ships and citizens.After receiving approval from Secretary of State Henry Clay on his efforts, Raguet was emboldened and his notes to the Brazilian government became more forceful and undiplomatic. After a letter from a Brazilian foreign minister requested that Raguet use more moderation in his communications, he wrote to Clay that the Brazilian government was offended by his communications, that he had lost his patience with them, and that he hardly considered the Brazilians a civilized people. By the end of 1826 copies of letters of <mask>'s communications to the Brazilian government had reached the State Department in Washington, D.C. Henry Clay wrote back indicating it would be best to use "language firm and decisive, but at the same time temperate and respectful. No cause is ever benefited by the manifestation of passion, or by the use of harsh and uncourtious language." Responding to a request Raguet made to threaten to sever diplomatic relations with Brazil if they did not release their ships, Clay said "war or threats of war ought not to be employed as instruments of redress until after the failure of every peaceful experiment." By early 1827 relations with Brazil improved after a new foreign minister took office, but that quickly changed in March when Brazil seized the USS Spark, a recently decommissioned U.S. warship. After a rebuffed offer to the sell the Spark to Brazil, the ship headed for Montevideo.On the way, the ship was seized by a Brazilian man-of-war and its crew imprisoned. Brazil demanded an explanation for what it said were irregularities in the Spark'''s activities and suspected the ship was a privateer going to join Argentina. Raguet didn't believe the Brazilians actually believed the Spark was a privateer, and felt that what he called "the most deliberate and high handed insult" against the United States was planned days in advance. The incident with the Spark was the last straw for Raguet. He sent a letter to the Brazilian government saying "that recent occurrences induce him to withdraw from the court of Brazil, and he therefore requests that his excellency will furnish him the necessary passports." He left his position as chargé d'affaires ended on April 16, 1827. Once Washington found out that Raguet had left Brazil, the State Department quickly worked to appoint someone new to repair any damage caused by Raguet and to continue working on solving the issues with Brazil that had led Raguet to leave.Adams would later write that relations between the United States and Brazil were "aggravated by the rashness and intemperance of <mask> Raguet, ... [who had] brought this country and Brazil to the very verge of war." On Raguet's return to the United States he held a meeting with Clay and Adams who said "I told him that my opinion of his integrity, patriotism, and zeal was unimpaired; that I was convinced of the purity of his motives to the step he had taken; but that I thought it would have been better if he had, before taking that step, consulted his government." When <mask> was suggested for another ambassadorial position in 1828 Adams felt that while Raguet's motives were good he felt putting someone with "such a temper and want of judgment, who took blustering for bravery and insolence for energy, was too dangerous." In 1836 he returned to the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society where he worked until his death a few years later. Raguet died in Philadelphia on March 22, 1842 and was interred at Lower Burial Ground (Hood Cemetery) in Philadelphia. Economic views Since the end of the War of 1812, Raguet was a leading inflationist, supporting deliberate inflation through increasing the available supply of currency and credit. However, his position changed after the Panic of 1819.The Panic also converted Raguet from a protectionist to a leading promoter of free trade. While a state senator, Raguet sent a questionnaire to legislators and prominent citizens in each county of the state to determine the extent of the depression. One of the questions was "Do you consider that the advantages of the banking system outweigh its evils?" Sixteen out of nineteen counties answered in the negative. Raguet concluded that the depression was a result of bank credit expansion and the subsequent contraction as physical money was drained from the bank's vaults. He promoted restrictions on banks and of granting bank charters. After returning to the United States from Brazil, he became a publicist on free trade doctrines contributing to the Port-Folio and other periodicals.He also edited several journals relating to free trade, including The Free-Trade Advocate, The Examiner and The Financial Register. In the late 1830s he continued writing, authoring The Principals of Free Trade (1835) and On Currency and Banking (1839). On Currency and Banking, which was called "the best treatise on banking ever published in the country" by Samuel J. Tilden, was republished in Great Britain in 1839 and translated into French in 1840. Published worksA Short Account of the Present State of Affairs in St. Domingo (1804)A Circumstantial Account of the Massacre in St. Domingo (1805)An Inquiry into the Causes of the Present State of the Circulating Medium of the United States (1815)The Principals of Free Trade (1835)On Currency and Banking'' (1839) References External links <mask> Raguet entry at The Political Graveyard |- 1784 births 1842 deaths Ambassadors of the United States to Brazil American people of French descent Pennsylvania state senators Politicians from Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania alumni 19th-century American diplomats 19th-century American politicians

Alfred Richard Orage

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<mask> (22 January 1873 – 6 November 1934) was a British influential figure in socialist politics and modernist culture, now best known for editing the magazine The New Age before the First World War. While he was working as a schoolteacher in Leeds he pursued various interests, including Plato, the Independent Labour Party and theosophy. In 1900 he met Holbrook Jackson and three years later they co-founded the Leeds Arts Club, which became a centre of modernist culture in Britain. After 1924, <mask> went to France to work with George Gurdjieff and was then sent to the United States by Gurdjieff to raise funds and lecture. He translated several of Gurdjieff's works. Early life <mask> was born in Dacre, near Harrogate in the West Riding of Yorkshire, into a Nonconformist family, with one sister. He was generally known as Dickie, and he eventually dropped the name James and adopted the middle name <mask> as his first name, and <mask> as his second.His father, William, died when <mask> was one years old, and his mother, Sarah Anne, who had little financial means, returned to the family village of Fenstanton, Huntingdonshire. <mask> excelled at school and was sent to Culham training college in Oxfordshire where he also taught himself editorial skills and obtained a teaching post in Leeds, returning to Yorkshire in autumn 1893. Leeds: socialism, theosophy and the Leeds Arts Club In 1894 he became a schoolteacher in an elementary school in Leeds and helped to found the Leeds branch of the Independent Labour Party (ILP). He wrote a weekly literary column for the ILP's paper, the Labour Leader, from 1895 to 1897. He brought a philosophical outlook to the paper, including in particular the thought of Plato and the theosophist Edward Carpenter who was <mask>'s mentor for a time. <mask> devoted seven years of study to Plato, from 1893 to 1900. He set up a philosophical discussion circle called the Plato Group, including the architect Thomas Butler Wilson who was a friend of <mask>'s wife Jean.By the late 1890s <mask> was disillusioned with conventional socialism and turned for a while to theosophy. In 1896, <mask> married Jean Walker, an art student at the Royal College of Art who was a passionate member of the Theosophical Society. The couple frequented the Northern Federation headquarters in Harrogate where <mask> first met Annie Besant and other leading theosophists and began to lecture on mysticism, occultism and idealism in Manchester and Leeds as well as publishing material in the Theosophical Review. Orage was influenced by Edward Carpenter's belief that women were behind the new force that would bring change to society. <mask> and Jean opened a theosophist branch in Leeds called the Alpha Centre, even though a regular lodge already existed in the city, and Jean represented it in Harrogate until 1900 when the Leeds lodge was re-founded by the Orages as well as Jean's cousin Miss A. K. Kennedy. Jean lectured at the Northern Federation Conference in 1904. Jean also helped <mask> with the council meetings of the Leeds lodge.Jean was an excellent needlewoman and sharp debater; she finally left <mask> to pursue her textile career in Haslemere and later working on the looms for William Morris's firm in Oxford Street, London. In 1900 he met Holbrook Jackson in a Leeds bookshop and lent him a copy of the Bhagavad-Gita. In return Jackson lent him Friedrich Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra, which led <mask> to study Nietzsche's work in depth. <mask> devoted seven years of his life to the study of Nietzsche's philosophy, from 1900 to 1907, and from 1907 to 1914 he was a student of the Mahabharata. In 1903 <mask>, Jackson and the architect Arthur J. Penty helped to found the Leeds Arts Club with the intention of promoting the work of radical thinkers including G. B. Shaw, whom Orage had met in 1898, Henrik Ibsen and Nietzsche. During this period <mask> returned to socialist platforms, but by 1906 he was determined to combine Carpenter's socialism with Nietzsche's thought and theosophy. In 1906 Beatrice Hastings, whose real name was Emily Alice Haigh and who hailed from Port Elizabeth, became a regular contributor to the New Age.By 1907 she and <mask> had developed an intimate relationship. As Beatrice Hastings herself later put it, ″Aphrodite amused herself at our expense.″ <mask> appears to have had a magnetic effect on many women who frequented his lectures and both Mary Gawthorpe and Millie Price have left accounts of their sexual relationships with him. Orage explored his new ideas in several books. He saw Nietzsche's Übermensch as a metaphor for the "higher state of consciousness" sought by mystics and attempted to define a route to this higher state, insisting that it must involve a rejection of civilisation and conventional morality. He moved through a celebration of Dionysus to declare that he was in favour, not of an ordered socialism, but of an anarchic movement. In 1906 and 1907 Orage published three books: Consciousness: Animal, Human and Superhuman, based on his experience with theosophy; Friedrich Nietzsche: The Dionysian Spirit of the Age; and Nietzsche in Outline and Aphorism. <mask>'s rational critique of theosophy evoked an editorial rebuttal from The Theosophical Review and in 1907 he terminated his association with the Theosophical Society.The two books on Nietzsche were the first systematic introductions to Nietzschean thought to be published in Britain. Editor in London In 1906 <mask> resigned his teaching post and moved to London, following Arthur Penty, another friend from the Leeds Art Club. In London <mask> attempted to form a league for the restoration of the guild system, in the spirit of the decentralised socialism of William Morris. The failure of this project spurred him to buy the weekly magazine The New Age in 1907, in partnership with Holbrook Jackson and with the support of George Bernard Shaw. <mask> transformed the magazine to fit with his conception of a forum for politics, literature and the arts. Although many contributors were Fabians, he distanced himself from their politics to some extent and sought to have the magazine represent a wide range of political views. He used the magazine to launch attacks on parliamentary politics and argued the need for utopianism.He also attacked the trade union leadership, while offering some support to syndicalism, and tried to combine syndicalism with his ideal of a revived guild system. Combining these two ideas resulted in guild socialism, the political philosophy <mask> began to argue for from about 1910, though the specific term "guild socialism" seems not to have been mentioned in print until Bertrand Russell referred to it in his book Political Ideals (1917). Between 1908 and 1914 The New Age was the premier little magazine in Britain. It was instrumental in pioneering the British avant-garde, from vorticism to imagism, and its contributors included T.E. Hulme, Wyndham Lewis, Katherine Mansfield, Ezra Pound and Herbert Read. <mask>'s success as an editor was connected with his talent as a conversationalist and a ″bringer together″ of people. The modernists of London had been scattered between 1905 and 1910, but largely thanks to Orage a sense of a modernist ″movement″ was created from 1910 onwards.Orage's politics <mask> declared himself a socialist and followed Georges Sorel in arguing that trade unions should pursue an increasingly aggressive policy on wage deals and working conditions. He approved of the increasing militancy of the unions in the era before the First World War and seems to have shared Sorel's belief in the necessity of a union-led General Strike leading to a revolutionary situation. However, for Orage economic power precedes political power, and political reform was useless without economic reform. In the early issues of The New Age Orage supported the women's suffrage movement, but he became increasingly hostile to it as the Women's Social and Political Union became more prominent and more militant. Pro-suffragette articles were not published after 1910, but heated debate on this subject took place in the correspondence columns. During the First World War Orage defended what he saw as the interests of the working class. On 6 August 1914 he wrote in Notes of the Week in The New Age: ″We believe that England is necessary to Socialism, as Socialism is necessary to the world.″ On 14 November 1918 Orage wrote of the coming peace settlement (embodied in the Treaty of Versailles): "The next world war, if unhappily there should be another, will in all probability be contained within the clauses and conditions attaching to the present peace settlement."By then Orage was convinced that the hardships of the working class were the result of the monetary policies of banks and governments. If Britain could remove the pound from the gold standard during the war and re-establish the gold standard after the war, then the gold standard was not as necessary as the monetary oligarchs wanted the proletariat to believe it was. On 15 July 1920 Orage wrote: ″We should be the first to admit that the subject of Money is difficult to understand. It is 'intended' to be, by the minute oligarchy that governs the world by means of it." After the First World War Orage was influenced by C. H. Douglas and became a supporter of the social credit movement. On 2 January 1919 Orage published the first article by C. H. Douglas to appear in The New Age: ″A Mechanical View of Economics″. With Gurdjieff <mask> had met P. D. Ouspensky for the first time in 1914.Ouspensky's ideas had left a lasting impression and when he moved to London in 1921 <mask> began attending his lectures on "Fragments of an Unknown Teaching", the basis of his book In Search of the Miraculous. From this time onwards <mask> became less and less interested in literature and art, and instead focused most of his attention on mysticism. His correspondence with Harry Houdini on this subject moved him to explore ideas of the afterlife. He returned to the idea that there are absolute truths and concluded that they are embodied in the Mahabharata. In February 1922 Ouspensky introduced <mask> to G. I. Gurdjieff. <mask> sold The New Age and moved to Paris to study at the Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man. In 1924 Gurdjieff appointed him to lead study groups in the United States, which he did for seven years.Soon after Gurdjieff arrived in New York from France, on 13 November 1930, he deposed <mask> and disbanded his study groups, believing that Orage had been teaching them incorrectly: they had been working under the misconception that self-observation could be practised in the absence of self-remembering or in the presence of negative emotions. Members were allowed to continue their studies with Gurdjieff himself, after taking an oath not to communicate with <mask>. Upon hearing that <mask> had also signed the oath Gurdjieff wept. Gurdjieff had once considered <mask> as a friend and brother, and thought of Jessie as a bad choice for a mate. <mask> was a chain smoker and Jessie was a heavy drinker. In the privately published Third Series of his writings Gurdjieff wrote of <mask> and his wife Jessie: ″his romance had ended in his marrying the saleswoman of 'Sunwise Turn,' a young American pampered out of all proportion to her position...″ <mask>, Ouspensky and C. Daly King emphasised certain aspects of the Gurdjieff System while ignoring others. According to Gurdjieff, Orage emphasised self-observation.In Harlem, New York City, Jean Toomer, one of Orage's students at Greenwich Village used Gurdjieff's work to confront the problem of racism. In 1927 <mask>'s first wife, Jean, granted him a divorce and in September he married <mask> Dwight (1901–1985), the co-owner of the Sunwise Turn bookshop where Orage first lectured on the Gurdjieff System. <mask> and Jessie had two children, <mask> and Ann. While they were in New York Orage and Jessie often catered to celebrities such as Paul Robeson, fresh from his London tour. In 1930 Orage returned to England and in 1931 he began publishing the New English Weekly. He remained in London until his death on 6 November 1934. The Orages sailed back to New York from England on the S.S. Washington on 29 December 1930, and arrived on Thursday 8 January 1931.The next day, while they were staying at the Irving Hotel, <mask> wrote a letter to Gurdjieff unveiling a plan for the publication of All and Everything before the end of the year and promising a substantial amount of money. At lunch in New York City on 21 February 1931 Achmed Abdulla, a.k.a. Nadir Kahn, told the Orages that he had met Gurdjieff in Tibet and that Gurdjieff had been known there as Lama Dordjieff, a Tsarist agent and tutor to the Dalai Lama. Orage also helped Gurdjieff to translate Meetings with Remarkable Men from Russian to English, but it was not published in their lifetimes. Last years In London <mask> became involved in politics again through the social credit movement. He returned to New York on 8 January 1931 in an attempt to meet Gurdjieff's new demands, but he told his wife that he would not be teaching the Gurdjieff System to any group past the end of the Spring. <mask> was on the pier on 13 March 1931 to bid Gurdjieff farewell on his way back to France and the Orages sailed back to England on 3 July.In April 1932 <mask> founded a new journal, The New English Weekly. Dylan Thomas's first published poem, And Death Shall Have No Dominion, appeared in its issue dated 18 May 1933, but by then the magazine was not selling well and <mask> was experiencing financial difficulties. In September 1933 Jessie gave birth to a daughter, Ann. In January 1934 Senator Bronson M. Cutting presented <mask>'s Social Credit Plan to the United States Senate, proposing that it become one of the tools of Roosevelt's economic policy. At the beginning of August 1934 Gurdjieff asked <mask> to prepare a new edition of The Herald of Coming Good. On 20 August <mask> wrote his last letter to Gurdjieff: "Dear Mr Gurdjieff, I've found very little to revise ..." Towards the end of his life <mask> was attacked by severe pain below the heart. This ailment had been diagnosed a couple of years before as simply functional and he did not again seek medical advice.While he was broadcasting a speech, "Property in Plenty", once again expounding the doctrine of social credit, he experienced excruciating pain, but he continued as if nothing was happening. After leaving the studio he spent the evening with his wife and friends, and made plans to see the doctor next day, but he died in his sleep that night. <mask>'s former students of the Gurdjieff System arranged for the enneagram to be inscribed on his tombstone. The man himself preferred a French-like pronunciation: . The British may prefer the former variant; Americans, the latter. References External links A. R. <mask>: A Memoir (1936) Philip Mairet <mask>age and the Leeds Arts Club (1893–1923) (Scolar Press 1990) Tom Steele Gurdjieff and Orage: Brothers in Elysium (2001) Paul Beekman Taylor, English 480/680: Modernism In and Beyond the "Little Magazines", Winter 2007, Professor Ann Ardis, Brown University "Orage and the History of the New Age Periodical," Brown University, Modernist Journals Project Brown University, Modernist Journals Project main index Encyclopædia Britannica article on Orage Complete archive of The New Age under Orage's editorship Archival Material at 1873 births 1934 deaths People from Nidderdale English male journalists English socialists Independent Labour Party politicians British social crediters Fourth Way Students of George Gurdjieff

Wei Zhiyi

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<mask> (韋執誼) was a Chinese historian and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor in 805, during the brief reign of Emperor Shunzong and then briefly into the reign of Emperor Shunzong's son Emperor Xianzong. He came to power due to his association with Emperor Shunzong's close associate Wang Shuwen but later broke with Wang; he was nevertheless exiled once Emperor Xianzong became emperor due to his prior association with Wang and died in exile. Background It is not known when <mask> was born, but it is known that his family was from Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the region of the Tang Dynasty capital Chang'an). HIs family traced its ancestry to a line of officials of Han Dynasty, Northern Zhou, and Tang Dynasty. HIs grandfather <mask> () served as a deputy mayor of Jingzhao, and his father <mask> () served as a prefectural prefect. <mask> himself was said to be handsome and talented in his youth. During Emperor Dezong's reign During the reign of Emperor Dezong, <mask> passed the imperial examinations and was particularly rated highly in the matter of offering strategies.He was made You Shiyi (), a low-level consultant at the examination bureau (門下省, Menxia Sheng), and was subsequently made an imperial scholar (翰林學士, Hanlin Xueshi). At that time, he was in his 20s, and he was particularly favored by Emperor Dezong, who favored his writing; they often wrote poems that responded to each other. He became a part of a group of officials who were favored by Emperor Dezong — Pei Yanling, Li Qiyun (), Wang Shao (), Li Shi (), <mask>ou (), and <mask> himself and had easy access to the palace. On one occasion, on Emperor Dezong's birth, Emperor Dezong's son and crown prince Li Song offered a Buddharupa as a birthday gift to Emperor Dezong. Emperor Dezong had <mask>yi write a text praising the statue, and under Emperor Dezong's direction, Li Song in turn gave <mask> a gift of linen. When <mask> went to the Crown Prince's palace to thank him, Li Song introduced him to a close associate, Wang Shuwen. Thereafter, <mask> and Wang became friends.Later, <mask>'s mother died and he left governmental service to observe a mourning period for her. After the mourning period was over, he returned to government service to serve as a supervisorial official. In 803, there was an occasion when an official, Zhang Zhengyi () had offered suggestions to Emperor Dezong and received an audience with the emperor. Several of his colleagues visited him to congratulate him on this showing of imperial favor. Someone, however, informed <mask> that Zhang was criticizing his association with Wang. <mask> believed the informant and accused Zhang and his colleagues of partisanship. When Emperor Dezong sent an imperial guard to spy on Zhang and his colleagues, the guard saw that Zhang and his colleagues were feasting beyond their usual proper diet.As a result, Emperor Dezong exiled them, but at that time, no public reason was stated. During Emperor Shunzong's and Emperor Xianzong's reigns In spring 805, Emperor Dezong died, and Li Song succeeded him (as Emperor Shunzong). At that time, Li Song was seriously ill, and a group of his close associates, headed by Wang Shuwen and Wang Pi, in association with his concubine Consort Niu and the eunuch Li Zhongyan (), became very powerful. Wang Shuwen, in order that his reform policies could be carried out, recommended <mask> as chancellor. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Shunzong made <mask>, who was then Libu Langzhong (), a supervisorial official at the ministry of civil service affairs (吏部, Libu), was promoted to be Shangshu Zuo Cheng (), one of the secretaries general of the executive bureau (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng) and given the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (), making him a chancellor. It was said that when important decisions were to be made, they would be given to Wang Shuwen to be decided at the office of the imperial scholars (翰林院, Hanlin Yuan) and then given to <mask> to be executed. On an occasion, when the chancellors, as per custom, were having lunch together, Wang wanted to see <mask> and went to the office of the chancellors to do so.When a guard refused to let Wang in, Wang rebuked the guard and ordered him away. <mask> rose from his seat and walked away to confer with Wang. <mask>'s colleagues Zheng Xunyu, Du You, and Gao Ying stopped dining and waited for <mask> to return. After a while, they sent the guard to see what the situation was, and the guard stated, "Wang Shuwen had requested food, and Chancellor <mask> is dining with him." Neither Du nor Gao dared to say anything, but Zheng stated, "How can I remain here still?" He had his attendants fetch horses, and he went home and refused to return to office. Meanwhile, as a result of <mask>'s rise to power, his father-in-law Du Huangchang, who had been trapped in positions with few actual powers, was made the minister of worship.On one occasion, Du Huangchang suggested that <mask> lead some other officials in suggesting that Emperor Shunzong make his crown prince Li Chun regent. <mask> refused, as his and Wang Shuwen's partisans at the time were apprehensive of Li Chun. Around this time, however, <mask> and Wang began to break with each other, as <mask> wanted not to be seen as a puppet of Wang's. For example, when Yang Shi'e (), a messenger from Xuanshe Circuit (宣歙, headquartered in modern Xuancheng, Anhui), and Liu Pi, a messenger from Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan), made demands on behalf of their superiors, Wang angrily wanted to execute both of them, but <mask> opposed, and Yang was only exiled, while Liu fled back to Xichuan. <mask> further threw himself off Wang's policies when Wang had to leave governmental service to observe a mourning period for his mother in summer 805. With several important eunuchs (including Ju Wenzhen () and Liu Guangqi (), in addition to Li Zhongyan) then in control of the very ill Emperor Shunzong, Wang Shuwen's party lost power quickly. Soon thereafter, Emperor Shunzong passed the throne to Li Chun, who took the throne as Emperor Xianzong, and thereafter, all associates of Wang Shuwen's were purged, and Wang Shuwen himself was soon thereafter ordered to commit suicide.<mask> remained as chancellor for some time, and in fall 805, as the official in charge of editing the imperial history, had his subordinates draft a new calendar. By this point, though, he was constantly in fear of being exiled. Emperor Xianzong, who made Du Huangchang chancellor, did not immediately carry out any actions against <mask> on Du's account, but in winter 805 demoted him to be the military advisor to the prefect of Yai Prefecture (崖州, in modern Sanya, Hainan). <mask> died there of natural causes — as while Du was unable to save him from exile, Du made certain that he was not prosecuted further. After <mask>'s death, Du requested Emperor Xianzong to allow his casket to be returned, and Du gave him a proper burial. Grave and statue <mask> is buried around 20 km south of Haikou, the capitol city of Hainan province. His grave is located at the top of a small hill facing rice paddies.A little less than 1 km to the north () is a temple and statue commemorating him. Notes and references Old Book of Tang, vol. 135. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 235, 236. External links 8th-century births 800s deaths 9th-century Chinese historians Chancellors under Emperor Shunzong of Tang Chancellors under Emperor Xianzong of Tang Historians from Shaanxi Politicians from Xi'an Tang dynasty historians Tang dynasty politicians from Shaanxi Wei clan of Jingzhao Writers from Xi'an

Travis Jackson

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<mask> (November 2, 1903 – July 27, 1987) was an American baseball shortstop. In Major League Baseball (MLB), <mask> played for the New York Giants from 1922 through 1936, winning the 1933 World Series, and representing the Giants in the MLB All-Star Game in 1934. After his retirement as a player, <mask> managed in minor league baseball through to the 1960 season. <mask> was discovered by Kid Elberfeld at a minor league baseball game at the age of 14. Elberfeld signed <mask> to his first professional contract, and recommended him to John McGraw, manager of the Giants. His exceptional range at shortstop led to the nickname "Stonewall." <mask> was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982.Early life <mask> was born in Waldo, Arkansas, on November 2, 1903. He was the only child of <mask>, a wholesale grocer, and his wife Etta, who named their son after William B<mask>, a lieutenant colonel who died at the Battle of the Alamo. <mask>'s father bought him a baseball when he was three years old, and they often played catch together. <mask>'s uncle took him to a Little Rock Travelers minor-league game when he was 14 years old. At the game, <mask>'s uncle introduced him to Kid Elberfeld, telling Elberfeld that his nephew was a talented baseball player. Elberfeld observed <mask> in an impromptu workout, and asked <mask> to contact him when he was ready to begin his professional career. <mask> attended Ouachita Baptist University in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, where he starred on the college baseball team.While there, he injured his knee, and this injury would recur during <mask>'s career. Professional career Playing career Following <mask>'s collegiate career, Elberfeld signed <mask> to his first contract, and he played for Little Rock in 1921 and 1922. <mask> committed 72 errors during the 1922 season, which he considered the "world record for errors". Despite this, Elberfeld recommended <mask> to John McGraw, manager of the New York Giants of the National League (NL), who was entitled to a Travelers player as he had lent a player to the team in 1922. McGraw signed <mask> to a contract on June 30, effective at the end of the Southern Association's 1922 season. <mask> debuted with the Giants on September 22, 1922, appearing in three games. With Dave Bancroft and Heinie Groh, the Giants' starting shortstop and third baseman respectively, sidelined with injuries incurred during the 1923 season, <mask> drew notice as a fill-in.McGraw was confident enough in <mask>'s abilities to trade Bancroft before the 1924 season, choosing <mask> to be the Giants' starting shortstop. Though there was doubt that <mask> could adequately replace Bancroft, <mask> played in 151 games during the 1924 season and hit .302 with 11 home runs. The Giants lost the 1924 World Series to the Washington Senators, with <mask> committing a key error in Game 7. <mask> was considered one of the best shortstops of his era, and he led NL shortstops with a .970 fielding percentage in 1931. However, he missed considerable playing time in his career resulting from injuries and illnesses. <mask> reinjured his knee in 1925, missed significant time during the 1926 season and had surgery for appendicitis during the 1927 season. He missed time with mumps in 1930 and influenza in 1932, and he continued to battle knee problems, missing much of the 1932 and 1933 seasons.<mask> was said to "at 28, already [have] one foot in the minors". Despite this, manager Bill Terry said that <mask> would "make or break" the 1933 season. Though <mask> fell behind Blondy Ryan on the team's depth chart during the season, he returned in the 1933 World Series, which the Giants won over the Senators. Terry stayed with <mask> as the Giants' starting shortstop for the 1934 season, in which he drove in 101 runs and was chosen to appear in the 1934 MLB All-Star Game. <mask> played third base in his final two seasons, serving as team captain, although he struggled in the 1936 World Series, which the Giants lost to the New York Yankees. After the season, the Giants requested waivers on <mask> to assign him to the minor leagues. <mask> batted over .300 six times, including a career-high .339 in the 1930 season, and hit 21 home runs in 1929.He was on four NL pennant-winning teams and a World Series champion (1933). <mask> finished his MLB career with 135 home runs, 929 RBI and a .291 batting average. Coaching and managing career <mask> signed a three-year contract with the Jersey City Giants of the Class-AA International League after the 1936 season. The team, which the Giants had purchased to become their farm team that offseason, was moved from Albany, New York, with <mask> to serve as player-manager. <mask>'s knees prevented him from appearing in many games with Jersey City as a player, but he remained as the team's manager until July 1938, when he was replaced with Hank DeBerry. The Giants brought <mask> back to the majors as a coach for the remaining 18 months on his contract, succeeding Tommy Clarke, who became a scout. <mask> missed the next five seasons as he battled tuberculosis, eventually returning to manage in the Boston / Milwaukee Braves system for the Jackson Senators in the Class-B Southeastern League in 1946.<mask> returned to the Giants to coach in 1947 and 1948, receiving his unconditional release following the 1948 season. Returning to the Braves' minor league system, <mask> managed the Tampa Smokers of the Class-B Florida International League in 1949, but resigned in July during a losing streak. He managed the Owensboro Oilers of the Class-D Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League in 1950, and began the 1951 season managing the Bluefield Blue-Greys of the Class-D Appalachian League, but was reassigned to the Hartford Chiefs of the Class-A Eastern League when Hartford manager Tommy Holmes was named the Braves' manager. <mask> managed the Appleton Papermakers of the Class-D Wisconsin State League in 1952 and 1953, the Lawton Braves of the Class-D Sooner State League from 1954 through 1957, the Midland Braves of the Class-D Sophomore League in 1958, the Eau Claire Braves of the Class-C Northern League in 1959 and the Davenport Braves of the Class-D Midwest League in 1960. Personal life <mask> and his wife, Mary, had two children, Dorothy Fincher and <mask> <mask>, six grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. <mask> died of Alzheimer's disease in 1987. Honors As defensive standouts have historically been overshadowed by power hitters in Baseball Hall of Fame voting, <mask> was not elected through the annual balloting process despite his record and achievements.But in 1982, he was inducted into the Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee. He was also inducted in the Arkansas Hall of Fame. See also List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise References External links <mask> at SABR (Baseball BioProject) 1903 births 1987 deaths Baseball players from Arkansas Major League Baseball shortstops National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees National League All-Stars New York Giants (NL) coaches New York Giants (NL) players People from Waldo, Arkansas Baseball player-managers Ouachita Baptist Tigers baseball players

Bodo Sperling

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<mask> (born 6 May 1952) is a German artist, painter and inventor. Life <mask> grew up in Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig, Amsterdam and Berlin. He started his artistic career in Amsterdam. There he sold his pictures he had painted during the day on the street every night at Club Paradiso (Amsterdam). One focus of his work is the development of scientific models by looking at the aesthetics, and the implementation of scientific models in objects. In 1985 he calls his art direction "Objectivism". May 31.1990 Another focus of his work is the documentation of physical processes through their aesthetic.The German philosopher Thomas Metzinger, manager of the workspace Neurophilosophy at Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies. Science Arts writes in the catalogue Transparency of Consciousness that "Its crystal panels were probably the reason why so much attention, because they work in a particular object, the quasi-spiritual principles of order in nature itself to turn aesthetic intuition accessible." (See Figure Crystal Object Objectivism) Since 1985 he has worked with computers as a design tool. Two of his paintings are exhibited at the Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe. 1990/1991 Spokesman of the Federal Association of Artists BBK Frankfurt. 1990 <mask> served as authorized negotiators, negotiations for unification of the Federal Association of Artists with the GDR - Artists Association. He was one of the four founders of the East Side Gallery, Berlin Wall, Berlin.in March 1990. In May 2011 he filed with other artists of the "founding Initiative East Side" complaint before the District Court of Berlin, due to destruction of art and infringement of copyright. The redevelopment of the East Side Gallery in 2009 destroyed most of a listed building images, and their conceptual artistic Character of 1990. Sperling 1992 installed on the 1st Total German artist Congress in Potsdam, a five-meter high mobile, which, illuminated by slides, the impression of a constantly changing 3-D film produced. From 1980 the first pictures emerged from crystals and crystal panels. Sperling describes his artistic work as Objectivism. In 1991 he created at the national exhibition in Kassel, a video installation that confronted the viewer with the objective documentation of Spacetime.It was installed on a several tons of stone altar on which stood a steel basin. In this steel basin formed over time crystals from a boiling solution. The entire process has been documented over several weeks by an automatic camera. The basis of his work, he sees in line with research by Rupert Sheldrake and his theory of Morphic field. 2016 <mask> received the 4th International André Evard Audience Award of the Messmer Foundation. His Award-winning work titled: obj 1586 is the first from the work series, folded realities. In this series, the focus is on the referentiality between the entities.So the colors depending on the angle of the surfaces with respect to the scalar light source. Sperling makes reference to a philosophical approach of the philosopher Nagarjuna. Exhibitions 1983 Gustav-Siegle-Haus / Stuttgart 1986 Frankfurter Kunstverein, Das AKTFOTO (The nude photo) ideology - aesthetic - history, Museum of the 20th Century Vienna. 1990, Berlin, Germany Museum of Contemporary Art ZKM Karlsruhe, "B3", 1991, Computer painting on silver photo canvas, 100 x 140 cm · "B7", 1991, Computer painting on silver photo canvas, 100 x 140 cm, Karlsruhe, Germany Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, implementation of the "Cathedral of Siena", acrylic on canvas 2.20mx 90 cm, Frankfurt / Siena - Italy Messmer Foundation, Riegel, Germany, Painting: 'job 1586', 55.11"x 55.11" pigments on canvas Awards 1992 Art Prize of the German Salaried Employees Academy 2016 Audience Award 4. International André Evard-Award References Literature Oberbaum: East Side Gallery Berlin 1991 (catalog) (catalog) Landeskunstausstellung ´94, National Art Exhibition,Wiesbaden, Germany, 1994 (catalog) Thomas Metzinger: The Artistic Work of Bodo Sperling in: transparency of consciousness, Digital Art Gallery, Frankfurt, 10. 31. 1997 (catalog) Hessiale `94, National Art Exhibition Kassel, (catalog) Zylvia Auerbach (ed. ): The Pleasures within distance, Sydney, 1990, DuMont: 365 Orte - Eine Reise zu Deutschlands Zukunftsmachern.messmer foundation: 4. International André Eward - Award for concrete-constructive art. 02.13.2016 - 04.24.2016 (catalog) External links Website <mask> Sperling Bodo Sperling in the National Libraries Australia Bodo Sperling by artfacts.net 1952 births 20th-century German painters 20th-century male artists German male painters 21st-century German painters 21st-century male artists German conceptual artists Artists from Berlin Living people

John Heath-Stubbs

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<mask> OBE (9 July 1918 – 26 December 2006) was an English poet and translator. He is known for verse influenced by classical myths, and for a long Arthurian poem, Artorius (1972). Biography and works Heath-Stubbs was born at Streatham, London. The family later lived in Hampstead. His parents were Francis Heath-Stubbs, a non-practising, independently wealthy solicitor, and his wife Edith Louise Sara, a concert pianist under her maiden name, Edie Marr. His boyhood was largely spent near the New Forest. The Stubbs family were gentry from Staffordshire; Heath-Stubbs's great-great-grandfather Joseph, a younger son, married Mary, the only child of a judge named Heath, this eventually becoming part of the family name.Heath-Stubbs stated in his autobiography Hindsights (1993), "In my grandfather's day, the last of the Heaths made us Stubbses her heirs, so long as we changed our name to Heath-Stubbs." Furthermore, "according to family tradition", they were related to the pamphleteer <mask>, who was sentenced to the loss of his right hand by Queen Elizabeth I for his opposition to negotiations for her marriage to Francis, Duke of Anjou, and yet remained a staunch royalist. "Family pride, combining with a poised self-irony" marked Heath-Stubbs's poem Epitaph, beginning, "Mr Heath-Stubbs as you must understand/Came of a gentleman's family out of Staffordshire/Of as good blood as any in England/But he was wall-eyed and his legs too spare." Heath-Stubbs was educated at Bembridge School on the Isle of Wight and at the age of 21 entered Queen's College, Oxford, where he read English, finding the lectures of Nevill Coghill and C. S. Lewis particularly rewarding. He became a poetry adviser to the firm of Routledge, co-editing Eight Oxford Poets in 1941, with Sidney Keyes and Michael Meyer, and helping to edit Oxford Poetry in 1942–1943. By that time Heath-Stubbs had recognized his homosexuality, though his love for the poet and artist Philip Rawson was returned only in the form of strong friendship. Heath-Stubbs in the early 1940s reverted to regular Anglican worship.Heath-Stubbs held the Gregory Fellowship of Poetry at Leeds University in 1952–1955, followed by professorships in Alexandria, Egypt in 1955–1958 and Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1960–1961, and teaching posts at the College of St Mark and St John in Chelsea in 1962–1972 and at Merton College, Oxford for twenty years from 1972. He lived for a time in the 1950s at Zennor in Cornwall. Heath-Stubbs's translations include work by Sappho, Horace, Catullus, Hafiz, Verlaine and Giacomo Leopardi. He was a central figure in British poetry in the early 1950s, editing, for example, the poetry anthology Images of Tomorrow (1953) and with David Wright the Faber Book of Twentieth Century Verse. He was elected to the RSL in 1954, awarded the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry in 1973, and appointed OBE in 1989. Although diagnosed with glaucoma at the age of 18, a condition he inherited from his father, he was able to read with his left eye until 1961, but was completely blind from 1978. Nonetheless, he continued to write almost to the end.A documentary film about him, entitled Ibycus: A Poem by <mask>-Stubbs, was made by the Chilean director Carlos Klein in 1997. <mask>-Stubbs died in London on 26 December 2006, aged 88. Writing style As a Romantic poet, Heath-Stubbs's diction was strong, yet subtle. Running through his work was a nostalgia for "classicism". He was consciously literary and his work elaborately wrought rather than spontaneous, which meant his was not the kind of poetry likely to have mass appeal. However, his devotion to the craft of poetry makes his work impressive. As Edward Lucie-Smith put it, "Few writers of his time had a deeper knowledge of the English language, or cared for it more devotedly."Poetry collections {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| 1942: Wounded Thammuz 1943: Beauty and the Beast 1946: The Divided Ways 1946: Poems from Giacomo Leopardi 1948: The Swarming of the Bees 1948: Jonathan Swift: A Selection of Poems 1948: Selected Poems of Alfred Lord Tennyson 1948: Percy Bysshe Shelley- Poems 1949: The Charity of the Stars 1950: The Forsaken Garden: An Anthology of Poetry 1824–1909, edited with David Wright 1950: The Darkling Plain: Romanticism in English Poetry from Darley to Yeats 1950: Mountains Beneath the Horizon (ed.) poems by William Bell 1951: Aphrodite's Garland - Five Ancient Love Poems 1953: New Poems 1953: Images of Tomorrow: an Anthology of Recent Poetry 1953: Faber Book of Twentieth Century Verse, edited with David Wright 1954: A Charm Against the Toothache 1955: Charles Williams: Writers and Their Work No. 63 1958: The Triumph of the Muse and Other Poems 1958: Helen in Egypt and Other Plays 1962: The Blue-Fly in His Head 1965: Selected Poems 1969: Cosmic Poem 1972: Penguin Modern Poets 20, co editor 1974: Artorius: A Heroic Poem in Four Books and Eight Episodes 1978: The Watchman's Flute 1978: Anyte with Carol Whiteside1979: Omar Khayyám, The Rubaiyat, translated with Peter Avery 1981: In The Shadows - David Gray, editor 1981: Buzz Buzz - Ten Insect Poems (Illustrated by Richard Shirley Smith) 1982: Naming the Beasts1985: The Immolation of Aleph1987: Cat's Parnassus, Hearing Eye. 1988: Collected Poems 1942–1987, Carcanet Press 1988: Time Pieces, Hearing Eye. 1988: A Partridge in a Pear Tree: Poems for the Twelve Days of Christmas, Hearing Eye, illustrations by Emily Johns 1989: A Ninefold Of Charms, Hearing Eye, illustrations by Emily Johns 1990: Selected Poems1992: The Parson's Cat, Hearing Eye, illustrations by Emily Johns 1993: Sweet-Apple Earth1993: Hindsights : An Autobiography1994: Chimaeras, Hearing Eye, lino etchings by Emily Johns 1996: Galileo's Salad1998: The literary essays of John Heath-Stubbs, edited by A.T. Tolley 1999: The Sound of Light2000: The Poems of Sulpicia, translator, Hearing Eye, illustrations by Emily Johns 2002: The Return of the Cranes2005: Pigs Might Fly}} References External links Interview from 1989 Poet John Heath-Stubbs dies at 88, BBC News, 26 December 2006 Obituary, The Independent, 27 December 2006 Obituary, The Guardian'', 29 December 2006 National Portrait Gallery BBC Your Paintings in partnership with the PCF, portrait of John Heath-Stubbs by Peter Edwards Sebastian Barker - RSL Archival material at "John Heath-Stubbs", Fellows Remembered, The Royal Society of Literature Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: John Heath-Stubbs collection, c. 1962–1967 1918 births 2006 deaths 20th-century English male writers Writers from London Deaths from lung cancer Officers of the Order of the British Empire Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford Blind people from England People educated at Bembridge School English male poets 20th-century English poets Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature Deaths from cancer in England English LGBT poets 20th-century LGBT people

Geoffrey Goodman

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<mask> (2 July 1922 – 5 September 2013) was a British journalist, broadcaster and writer. Following periods on the News Chronicle and the Daily Herald, he was a senior journalist on the Daily Mirror from 1969 to 1986. <mask> was known as "the doyen of industrial correspondents" for his extensive contacts and prominent role covering British industrial disputes. He was close to leading left-wing politicians including Harold Wilson, Frank Cousins, Aneurin Bevan and Michael Foot. He briefly served as an economic adviser to Wilson in 1975. After retiring from the Daily Mirror, <mask> was the founding editor of the quarterly British Journalism Review in 1989, and remained its editor until 2002. In 2020, The Sunday Times uncovered his role as an agent of the StB, the intelligence agency of communist Czechoslovakia, with whom he had contact between 1955 and 1972.The newspaper reported on declassified intelligence archives stating that he received payments in return for providing information and analysis about the Labour Party, trade unions and Harold Wilson's government during his first term. Early life and career He was born in Stockport, Cheshire (now Greater Manchester), and was the only child of Edythe (née Bowman) and <mask>, whose Jewish parents had emigrated to Britain from Poland and Russia. His father spent long periods unemployed, and the family moved to Camden Town, London, in 1935 in an attempt to change their situation. <mask> was influenced in his choice of becoming a political journalist by overhearing current affairs being discussed in the local dairy, and a shopkeeper reporting that the newspapers refused to print stories about the Prince of Wales with Wallis Simpson, "despite most of us knowing exactly what is going on". After adding a year to his age, he enlisted at the beginning of the Second World War. An RAF pilot during his war service (1941–46), he ended the war as a Flight Lieutenant flying Mosquito planes on photography missions. <mask> studied at the London School of Economics under Harold Laski.In January 1947, he married Margit Freudenbergova, who as a child just before the war had been on the final train of the Kindertransport, a means of rescuing Jewish children from Czechoslovakia. The couple had a son and a daughter. Early career in journalism After the end of hostilities, he briefly worked on the Manchester Guardian (1946–47) before joining the Daily Mirror, but was sacked at Christmas 1948. He then joined the News Chronicle. A one-time member of the Communist Party, he left it in 1951, and henceforward supported the Labour Party. As a friend of Aneurin Bevan, whom he had first met in 1948 outside St Pancras Town Hall, <mask> gave support to Tribune, the newspaper Bevan had founded just before the war, and helped new staff writer Ian Aitken. For the News Chronicle, following the 1954 docks strike, he visited all the workplaces over a three-week period.He discovered "astonishing inefficiencies, poor management bordering on the absurd, corrupt trade union practices and a bewildered workforce". Arthur Deakin, the leader of the TGWU, read the articles by the journalist before publication at <mask>'s own insistence, and thought the articles were "scandalous inventions". <mask> supported the decision of editor Michael Curtis to oppose the Suez intervention, a stance which split the paper's staff. Slightly later though, until his close friend Michael Foot, he was unconvinced by unilateralism when CND first emerged. <mask> wrote about the socioeconomic makeup of the small town of Sellafield in 1959, around the UK's first nuclear power station. At the Herald, Sun and the Mirror After the closure of the News Chronicle in 1959, he joined the Daily Herald and remained working for IPC when the Herald was turned into The Sun in 1964, where his employer was Hugh Cudlipp, whom he once described as the greatest popular journalist of the 20th Century. <mask> joined the Daily Mirror for a second time in 1969, following Rupert Murdoch's purchase of The Sun.He became industrial editor of Mirror Group Newspapers, a columnist and assistant editor of the Mirror (1976–86). Friends with prime minister Harold Wilson, and his successor James Callaghan, who both respected him, <mask> was also able to get on with the Conservative prime minister Edward Heath, who invited him to Chequers. From July 1975 to August 1976, he headed a counter-inflationary unit for the Labour government. The Awkward Warrior, <mask>'s biography of trade union leader and politician Frank Cousins, appeared in 1979. In 1984, Mirror Group Newspapers was acquired by Robert Maxwell, "the maniac on the ninth floor", according to <mask>. In July 1984, Maxwell interfered with one of the journalist's columns on the 1984–85 miners' strike, cutting a revelation concerning Margaret Thatcher's non-conciliatory attitude towards the 1974 miners' strike, and her vote in cabinet against Edward Heath's decision to call a general election in February 1974. <mask> threatened to resign unless given an undertaking that it would not happen again.Such an assurance was also given to his colleagues Paul Foot and John Pilger, but the three men realised that such a guarantee from Maxwell was meaningless. Along with colleague Terence Lancaster, <mask> insisted on dropping his by-line from an article both men co-wrote at Maxwell's insistence stridently attacking NUM leader Arthur Scargill at the peak of the miners' strike. <mask> retired from the Mirror in 1986. He regretted not resigning at the time Maxwell became his boss. Later years <mask> was the founding editor of the quarterly British Journalism Review (BJR), which he edited from 1989 to 2002. In his first editorial he wrote that "the business is now subject to a contagious outbreak of squalid, banal, lazy and cowardly journalism whose only qualification is that it helps to make newspaper publishers (and some journalists) rich." His later articles for the BJR considered such issues as the role of journalism in the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s.After ceasing to be editor of the BJR in 2002, he became chairman and later emeritus chairman of its board. A memoir From Bevan to Blair: Fifty Years Reporting from the Political Frontline was published in 2003. In its account of the Wilson and Callaghan governments, the later volume is free, according to Dominic Wring, of the kind of "score settling" common to memoirs covering this period. When interviewed by Dan Carrier on 3 February 2011, he was asked about how the role of the Press had changed over his lifetime. While conceding that the amount of information available had greatly increased, "what we do not have is the depth of knowledge, and this translates into a lack of understanding about key current issues. In the old days you had time to reflect. This does not exist now, because of the urge to be first with a scoop, no matter how weak and spurious that scoop is".In 1998, <mask> was appointed a CBE for his services to journalism. Some years earlier he had received an honorary MA from the University of Oxford and was an associate fellow at Nuffield College (1974–76). <mask> was interviewed by National Life Stories (C467/16) in 2008 for the 'Oral History of the British Press' collection held by the British Library. Royal Commission on the Press <mask>'s papers relating to the Royal Commission on the Press are archived at the University of Warwick. These include files relating to the Mirror Group, the Press Council, Scottish Daily News, advertising, editorial standards and journalism, newspaper distribution, the provincial and foreign press, Harold Wilson's evidence and transcripts of oral evidence, press cuttings, interim report, 1974–77, and papers relating to his biography of Frank Cousins. They also include notes from interviews with Frank Cousins, Jack Jones, Harold Wilson, Harry Nicholas, James Callaghan, Baroness (Dora) Gaitskell, Harold Macmillan and Aneurin Bevan. References External links Catalogue of <mask>'s papers, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick 1922 births 2013 deaths Alumni of the London School of Economics British Jews British World War II pilots Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Daily Mirror people English biographers English male journalists English radio personalities English television personalities People from Stockport Male biographers

Tony Martin (professor)

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<mask> (February 21, 1942 – January 17, 2013) was a Trinidad and Tobago-born scholar of Africana Studies. From 1973 to 2007 he worked at Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and over the course of his career published over ten books and a range of scholarly articles. Born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, <mask> moved to the United Kingdom, where he studied law at Gray's Inn, London, and then economics at the University of Hull. Relocating to the United States, he completed a PhD on the Jamaican political activist Marcus Garvey at Michigan State University in 1973. That year, he was employed as an associate professor at Wellesley College, where he was a founding member of its Africana Studies Department. During the latter part of the 1970s and 1980s he published several books on Garvey and Garveyism. In 1987 he sued his employer for racial discrimination and in 1991 was accused of harassing female students, although he denied the allegation.Among the subjects that <mask> pursued was the place of Jews in the Atlantic slave trade. During the 1990s, he came under public criticism for encouraging his students to read The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, a book compiled by the Nation of Islam which was widely regarded as antisemitic. That decade, he also entered into a publicized argument with Classics scholar Mary Lefkowitz, a prominent critic of historical claims made by Afrocentric scholarship. <mask> subsequently took Lefkowitz to court for libel, but the case was dismissed. In 1993 he self-published The Jewish Onslaught, a book that Wellesley distanced themselves from and which generated further accusations of antisemitism. In 2002 he spoke at a conference organized by a leading Holocaust denial organization, the Institute for Historical Review, alleging that Jewish organizations were trying to stifle free speech. He retired from Wellesley in 2007.Life and academic credentials Born Anthony <mask> in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, he attended Tranquillity School, where he was a contemporary of Stokely Carmichael. After secondary school, <mask> went to England to study law at Gray's Inn, London, where he was called to the Bar in 1966. <mask> subsequently received a B.Sc. honours degree in economics at the University of Hull (1968). He taught briefly in Trinidad at Cipriani Labour College and St. Mary's College, before moving to the United States in 1969 to pursue graduate studies in African History at Michigan State University, earning an M.A. and completing his Ph.D in 1973. His doctoral dissertation, on Marcus Garvey and the UNIA, would be the basis for the book he later published as Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association.<mask> was founder and chair of the Africana Studies Department at Wellesley College, where he began teaching in 1973, became tenured in 1975, and became a full professor in 1979. He also taught at the University of Michigan-Flint and was a visiting professor at the University of Minnesota, Brandeis University, Brown University, and Colorado College, and also spent a year as an honorary research fellow at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. In November 1994 he spoke at Harvard University at the invitation of the Black Students Association and praised its president Kristen Clarke for her courage in inviting him. <mask> was a prolific author of scholarly articles on many aspects of Black History and lectured all over the world. He received awards and honors from the American Philosophical Society, the Association for the Study of Classical African Civilizations and many others. <mask> also wrote, compiled or edited 14 books, most recently Caribbean History: From Pre-Colonial Origins to the Present (2012) and Amy Ashwood Garvey: Pan-Africanist, Feminist and Mrs. Marcus Garvey No. 1, Or, A Tale of Two Amies (2007).He had been working on two further biographies of Trinidadian women, of Audrey Jeffers (who was his aunt) and Kathleen Davis (also known as “Aunty Kay”). <mask> died unexpectedly on January 17, 2013, aged 70, at Westshore Medical Hospital, Cocorite, Trinidad and Tobago. Research Marcus Garvey <mask> was a prolific Garvey scholar - he was considered by some "the world's foremost authority on Marcus Garvey" - one of his earliest works being Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, published in 1976. He wrote a number of other books about Garvey, including Marcus Garvey, Hero: A First Biography (1983), African Fundamentalism: A Literary and Cultural Anthology of Garvey's Harlem Renaissance (1991), Literary Garveyism: Garvey, Black Arts and the Harlem Renaissance (1983), The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey (1983), and The Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond (1984). He co-authored, with Wendy Ball, Rare Afro-Americana: A Reconstruction of the Adger Library (1981). Controversies Harassment of students In October 1991, a Wellesley student, Michelle Plantec, while on hall duty, claimed that she saw <mask> wandering in a female dorm in a restricted area, in violation of a rule requiring male guests to be escorted. When she asked him about his escort, <mask>, she claims, responded using profanity, accused her of racism and bigotry, and positioned himself so as to physically intimidate her.<mask> said: "I stopped him and said, 'Excuse me, sir, who are you with?' He looked at me and said, 'What do you mean?' I said, 'What Wellesley student are you with?' and at that point he exploded and called me a fucking bitch, a racist, and a bigot, among other things...after all this, he went back into his meeting and said the only reason I had stopped him was because he was black." <mask>, in the same interview, agreed that there was an angry exchange, but denied that he used profanity. He also said he asked permission from the dormitory desk before going to the restroom."Coming out of the restroom, I was rudely accosted by a group of women who were coming up the stairs behind me...I tried to ignore them for a short space of time...and eventually, when we got to the top of the stairs I became very annoyed, and expressed my annoyance to the people who were behind me." Lefkowitz controversy, Wellesley course controversy, and lawsuit Mary Lefkowitz was a classics professor at Wellesley, who taught courses on ancient Greek culture. In a 1992 article for The New Republic, she challenged what she felt were ahistorical Afrocentric claims, such as the claim that Greek philosophy was plagiarized from African sources. Following publication of the New Republic piece, she and <mask> became engaged in a heated disagreement, with <mask> criticizing her in his department's Africana Studies Newsletter, and she criticizing him in the Wall Street Journal, the Chronicle of Higher Education, The New Republic, and elsewhere. As this controversy progressed, Lefkowitz discovered that students in <mask>'s class were assigned a book called The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, compiled by the Historical Research Department of the Nation of Islam. The book's thesis is that Jews had a disproportionately large role in the black slave trade relative to their numbers. This thesis has since been refuted by mainstream historians, including the American Historical Association (AHA).Lefkowitz ignited a controversy over the book's inclusion on the curriculum, and the controversy made national headlines in the spring of 1993. NPR, the New York Times, the Boston Globe, and the Associated Press, among others, covered the story. In <mask>'s view, In January 1993, I was minding my own business and teaching my Wellesley College survey course on African American History when a funny thing happened. The long arm of Jewish intolerance reached into my classroom. Unknown to me, three student officers of the Jewish Hillel organization (campus B'nai B'rith stablemates of the Anti-Defamation League), sat in on my class and remained for a single period only. Their purpose was to monitor my presentation. As one of them explained in a campus meeting later, Jewish students had noticed The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews among my offerings in the school bookstore.The book documents the considerable Jewish involvement in the Transatlantic African Slave Trade, the dissemination of which knowledge they, as Jews, considered an "anti-Semitic" and most "hateful" act. One of Lefkowitz's responses to this controversy was an article in the September/October 1993 issue of Measure, the journal of the University Centers for Rational Alternatives in Columbia University. In this article, Lefkowitz made several allegations which <mask> deemed libellous. For instance, she alleged that during the October 1991 incident discussed above, <mask> had called a student "a white, fucking bitch" and that "the young woman fell down as a result of his onslaught, and <mask> bent over to continue his rage at her." <mask> initiated a libel suit. <mask> had already sued several undergraduates for libel, as well as Wellesley College itself. The dean of Wellesley College, Nancy Kolodny, declined to pay Lefkowitz's court costs.She reportedly said to Lefkowitz: "It's your problem. The college can't help you." In the end, the Anti-Defamation League provided for Lefkowitz's defense. Three other national Jewish organizations, the American Jewish Committee, the American Jewish Congress and the Jewish Council for Public Affairs, provided assistance. The case went through six years of appeals and counter-appeals, and was finally dismissed. As the campus controversy wound down, <mask> published a book telling his side of the story: The Jewish Onslaught: Despatches from the Wellesley Battlefront (1993). (See section below.)Lefkowitz published her own views three years later in the book Not Out of Africa (Basic Books, 1996). In 2008 she published another book, History Lesson: A Race Odyssey, giving her version of the story of the lawsuit and the controversy with Martin. Libel lawsuit against Counterpoint In the wake of the 1993 controversy, Counterpoint, a joint MIT-Wellesley student publication, asked MIT student Avik Roy to write a "retrospective chronicling the controversy surrounding <mask> since his arrival as associate professor in 1973." According to Roy, he was asked to write the article because the staff felt he would be less biased than a Wellesley student. The article by Roy was published in the fall 1993 issue of Counterpoint. It alleged that <mask> "gained tenure within the Africana Studies department only after successfully suing the college for racial discrimination," and that this explained a reluctance on the part of the College to censure <mask>. <mask> sued Roy for libel.Roy refused to disclose the confidential sources of his information even after the case was brought to court. A Massachusetts Superior Court Judge found that a lawsuit by <mask> against Wellesley had in fact occurred, but "well after his tenure, and thus could not have caused it." The suit in question was filed in 1987 and alleged racial discrimination over a merit increase. However, the 1991 libel suit was eventually dismissed, with the judge ruling that <mask> did not meet his burden of proof on 4 out of 5 necessary components for proving libel. The judge found that the offending statement was "partly false, but substantially true," though inaccurate in its "implication of timing and causation." The judge agreed that Roy's conclusion, that fear of litigation would cause Wellesley to exercise "particular restraint" when dealing with <mask>, "follows at least as strongly from the actual facts as it would from the erroneous version." The Jewish Onslaught In 1993, <mask> published The Jewish Onslaught: Dispatches from the Wellesley Battlefront.A week after the book was self-published, it was criticized in a statement by the president of Wellesley College who stated that it "gratuitously attacks individuals and groups at Wellesley College through innuendo and the application of racial and religious stereotype", and the majority of the Wellesley faculty signed a statement condemning <mask>'s work "for its racial and ethnic stereotyping and for its anti-Semitism." The Chair of <mask>'s department at Wellesley, Selwyn Cudjoe, labelled <mask>'s book "Gangsta history, meant to demean and to defame others and to bring them into disrepute, rather than to enlighten and to lead us to a more complex and sophisticated understanding of social phenomena. It ought to be labeled anti-Semitic." The book was praised by Molefi Asante of Temple University who called the book the best polemic by an African since David Walker's 1829 classic, An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, and Raymond Winbush of Vanderbilt University who compared it to W. E. B. Du Bois' Souls of Black Folk. <mask> and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Chair of the African and African American Studies Department and Director of the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research at Harvard University, was critical of <mask>'s work, leading <mask> to describe him as "Brer Gates" (an allusion to Brer Rabbit) and to write: "Whenever the other folks have wanted anybody to beat the rest of the race over the head with, Brer Gates has been on the scene, like an HNIC ["Head Negro in Charge"] machine.They gave him an unprecedented full-page op-ed in the New York Times to attack the Nation of Islam's Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews. This op-ed was actually typeset in the shape of a Star of David. There is no evidence that Gates even read the book, but he pulled together some platitudes attacking it anyway." Institute for Historical Review In June 2002, <mask> presented a talk entitled "Tactics of Organized Jewry in Suppressing Free Speech" at the 14th IHR Conference sponsored by the Institute for Historical Review (IHR), in which he summarizes his experience of the controversy following his accusations about Jews as principal actors in the slave trade. The IHR is the world's leading Holocaust denial organization, publishing articles and holding conferences denying the extermination of European Jewry by the Third Reich. Works Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, 1976, 421 pages () Rare Afro-Americana: A Reconstruction of the Adjer Library (with Wendy Ball), 1981. Marcus Garvey, Hero: A First Biography, 1983 ().Literary Garveyism: Garvey, Black Arts and the Harlem, 1983 () The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey (compiled and edited), 1983. In Nobody's Backyard: The Grenada Revolution in Its Own Words, edited by <mask> with Dessima Williams. Vol. I, The Revolution at Home. Vol. II, Facing the World, 1984. African Fundamentalism: A Literary and Cultural Anthology of Garvey's Harlem Renaissance, 1991 ().The Jewish Onslaught: Despatches from the Wellesley Battlefront, Dover, MA: The Majority Press, 1993 (). The Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond (1983), 1998 (). The Progress of the African Race Since Emancipation and Prospects for the Future (pamphlet), Port of Spain: Emancipation Support Committee / Dover, MA: The Majority Press, 1998 (). Amy Ashwood Garvey, Pan-Africanist, Feminist and Mrs Marcus Garvey No. 1, Or, A Tale of Two Armies, 2007. Caribbean History: From Pre-Colonial Origins to the Present, Pearson, 2012 (). Notes External links Dr <mask> website.Video of <mask>'s lecture, "The Judaic Role in the Black Slave Trade" "Professor <mask> & the Jewish Onslaught". Petamber Persuad, "Black History Month (Part I) - In tribute to Marcus Garvey and <mask>", Guyana Chronicle, February 10, 2013. Dr. Selwyn R. Cudjoe on the life of <mask>, Celebration & Remembrance of <mask>, Wellesley College, Wednesday, May 1, 2013. 1942 births 2013 deaths American historians American conspiracy theorists Antisemitism in the United States American Holocaust deniers Wellesley College faculty Trinidad and Tobago academics Trinidad and Tobago non-fiction writers Trinidad and Tobago lawyers Trinidad and Tobago historians Trinidad and Tobago male writers 20th-century male writers 21st-century male writers Male non-fiction writers

Francis L. Delmonico

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<mask><mask>, MD, FACS (born in New York in 1945) is a surgeon, clinical professor and health expert in the field of transplantation. He serves on numerous committees and is affiliated with various leading organizations and institutions. He is the chief medical officer of the New England Organ Bank (NEOB) and Professor of Surgery, Part-Time at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, where he is emeritus director of renal transplantation. He served as president of The Transplantation Society (TTS) from 2012 to 2014, an international non-profit organization based in Montreal, Canada that works with international transplantation physicians and researchers. He also served as the president of the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) in 2005, which overseas the practice of organ donation and transplantation in the United States. He was appointed and still serves as an advisor to the World Health Organization in matters of organ donation and transplantation. He was appointed by <mask> to the Pontifical Academy of Science in 2016.In 2020, he became the recipient of the Medawar Prize of The Transplantation Society. Education Delmonico received a Bachelor of Science degree in biology at Mount Saint Mary's College in 1966 and a Doctor of Medicine degree from George Washington University in 1971. His initial general surgical training was under the direction of pioneer transplant surgeon Dr. David Hume at the Medical College of Virginia. In 1974, Delmonico interrupted his general surgical training to complete a two-year Clinical and Research Fellowship in Transplantation at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He then returned to the Medical College of Virginia to continue his general surgical residency training, which he completed in 1978 as chief resident in surgery. After serving for two years in the United States Navy as a staff surgeon at Walter Reed Medical Center, an assistant professor of surgery at the Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, and as ship's surgeon on the USS Independence, Delmonico was recruited to the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1980 as a member of the transplantation unit of the department of surgery. He was promoted to visiting surgeon in 1997 and to professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School in 2000.From 1990 until 2004 he was the director of the Renal Transplantation Service at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Throughout his time at Mass General, he has devoted most of his research efforts to clinical investigation. In the early part of his career, he focused upon the management of recipient immunosuppression and more recently upon the clinical parameters that define the suitable organ donor. In 1995, Delmonico was appointed medical director of the New England Organ Bank (NEOB). Under his direction, the NEOB has undertaken several research projects, most notably an outcome study of organs transplanted from deceased donors who were bacteremic at the time of their death. This study removed a heretofore absolute contraindication to organ donation, thereby expanding the organ donor pool for selected allograft recipients. Another focus of Delmonico's organ donor interest has been the concept of death.He has been responsible for the development of the Donation after Cardiac Death initiative in transplant centers who are members of the NEOB. He was awarded a Department of Health and Human Services Grant as the principal investigator of a project to study the acceptance of kidneys recovered from deceased expanded criteria donors and has served as the medical advisor to the Association of Organ Procurement Organizations. Writings He has authored or co-authored more than 260 publications, either as original articles, reviews, commentaries or book chapters. His original writings have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The New York Times. He has appeared on numerous television and radio programs, including Nightline, Good Morning America, CBS Sunday Morning America and NPR news. Other educational achievements include his work as associate editor of the American Journal of Transplantation and his reviews for many medical journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Journal of the American Association of Nephrology, and Surgery. He is a member of the editorial board of Transplantation, Kidney International and Clinical Transplantation.Delmonico has served on the board of trustees and numerous committees of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). UNOS is the contractor for the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN), the federally designated organization that oversees the practice of transplantation in the United States. He is a past-president of the OPTN/UNOS. The Transplantation Society His contributions to The Transplantation Society (TTS) have been long-standing. As chairman of TTS's ethics committee, he convened an international forum on the live kidney donor in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in April 2004, and on the liver lung, liver, intestine and pancreas donor in Vancouver, Canada, in September 2005, with participation of over 100 physicians and surgeons from 44 countries around the world. Furthermore, he served as TTS's director of medical affairs from 2006 to 2010 and president from 2012 to 2014. He is now the immediate past president and will remain so until August 2016.He works closely with the World Health Organization who made him a WHO consultant on matter of human organ donation and transplantation. These appointments constitute the major aspect of his current efforts. In 2008, he was responsible for convening the Istanbul Summit from which the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism was derived. He became executive director the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group in 2015. Publications Delmonico FL and Dew MA. Living donor kidney transplantation in a global environment. Kidney Int.2007 7:608-14. Dew MA, Jacobs CL, Jowsey SG, Hanto R, Miller C, Delmonico FL. Guidelines for the psychosocial evaluation of living unrelated kidney donors in the United States. Am J Transplant. 2007 5:1047-54. Schulz-Baldes A, Delmonico FL. Improving institutional fairness to live kidney donors: donor needs must be addressed by safeguarding donation risks and compensating donation costs.Transpl Int. 2007 11:940-6. DuBois JM, Delmonico FL, D'Alessandro AM. When organ donors are still patients: is premortem use of heparin ethically acceptable? Am J Crit Care. 2007 4:396-400. Saidi RF, Elias N, Kawai T, Hertl M, Farrell ML, Goes N, Wong W, Hartono C, Fishman JA, Kotton CN, Tolkoff-Rubin N, Delmonico FL, Cosimi AB, and Ko DS.Outcome of kidney transplantation using expanded criteria donors and donation after cardiac death kidneys: realities and costs. Am J Transplant. 2007 12:2769-74. Sung RS, <mask>tman AB, Greenstein SM, Distant DA, Wynn JJ, Stegall MD, Delmonico FL, Port FK. Determinants of discard of expanded criteria donor kidneys: impact of biopsy and machine perfusion. Am J Transplant. 2008 8(4):783-92.Tsoulfas G, Hertl M, Ko DS, Elias N, Delmonico FL, Romano L, Fernandes I, Schoenfeld D, Kawai T. Long-term Outcome of a Cuffed Expanded PTFE Graft for Hemodialysis Vascular Access. World J Surg. 2008 32(8):1827-31 Saidi RF, Wertheim JA, Ko DS, Elias N, Martin H, Delmonico FL, Cosimi AB, Kawai T. Impact of donor kidney recovery method on lymphatic complications in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2008 40(4):1054–1055. Delmonico FL. The Development of the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008(23): 3381–3382. Gritsch HA, Veale JL, Leichtman AB, Guidinger MK, Magee JC, McDonald RA, Harmon WE, Delmonico FL, Ettenger RB, Cecka JM. Should pediatric patients wait for HLA-DR-matched renal transplants? Am J Transplant. 2008 8(10):2056-61. Delmonico FL, McBride MA. Analysis of the wait list and deaths among candidates waiting for a kidney transplant.Transplantation. 2008 86(12):1678-83. Hanto RL, Reitsma W, Delmonico FL. The development of a successful multiregional kidney paired donation program. Transplantation. 2008 86(12):1744–1748 Tilney N, Murray J, Thistlethwaite R, Norman D, Delmonico F, Hanto D, <mask> A, Danovitch G, Sayegh M, Shapiro R, Harmon W, Salvatierra O, Brennan D, McDiarmid S, Stock P, Pomfret L, Bennett W, Conti D, Metzger B, Sarwal M, Cosimi AB. Promotion of altruistic donation.Transplantation. 2009 Sep 27;88(6):847. Humar, A., Morris, M., Blumberg, E., Freeman, R., Preikaitis, J. Kiberd, B., Schweitzer, E., Ganz, S., Caliendo, A., Orlowski, J.P., Wilson, B., Kotton, C., Michaels, M., Kleinman, S., Greier, S., Murphy, B., Green, M., <mask>, M., Knoll, G., Segev, D., Brubaker, S., Hasz, R., <mask>vitz, D.J., Mulligan, D., O'Connor, K., Pruett, T., Mozes, M., <mask>, I., Delmonico, F.L., Fischer, S. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) or organ donors: is the 'best' test the right test? A consensus conference report. Am. J. Transplant.2010 Apr;10(4):889-99. Epub 2010 Jan 29. Review. Costa. A.N., Simon i Castellvi, J.M., Spagnolo, A.G., Comoretto, N., <mask>, J., Gabel, H., Delmonico, F.L., Muehlbacher, F., Schaupp, W., Glazier, A.K., Garcia, V.D., Abbud-Fiho, M., Medina-Pestana, J.O., Grainer, M.G., Donadio, P.P., Guermani, A., Bosco, R., Giordano, F., <mask> de Arroyabe, B., Brunetti, M., Manyalich, M.., Paez, G., Valero, R., Matesanz, R., Coll, E., Dominguez-Gil, B., Mahillo, B., Escobar, E.M., Garrido, G., Cantarovich, F. Transplantation. 2009 Oct 15:88(7 Suppl):S108-58. References External links http://www.unos.org/ http://www.tts.org/ http://neob.org/ https://web.archive.org/web/20101127041644/http://hms.harvard.edu/hms/home.asp http://www.americansurgical.info/ http://www.kidney.org/about/board.cfm https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEFDD1231F936A25751C1A9609C8B63 Living people Harvard Medical School faculty American transplant surgeons 1945 births George Washington University Medical School alumni People from Queens, New York Medical College of Virginia alumni

Théo van Rysselberghe

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Théophile "Théo<mask> (23 November 1862 – 13 December 1926) was a Belgian neo-impressionist painter, who played a pivotal role in the European art scene at the turn of the twentieth century. Biography Early years Born in Ghent to a French-speaking bourgeois family, he studied first at the Academy of Ghent under Theo Canneel and from 1879 at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels under the directorship of Jean-François Portaels. The North African paintings of Portaels had started an orientalist fashion in Belgium. Their impact would strongly influence the young <mask>. Between 1882 and 1888 he made three trips to Morocco, staying there in total a year and a half. Age only eighteen, he had already participated at the Salon of Ghent, showing two portraits. Soon afterwards followed his Self-portrait with pipe (1880), painted in somber colours in the Belgian realistic tradition of the times.His Child in an open spot of the forest (1880) departs from this style and he makes his first steps towards impressionism. Soon he would develop his own realistic style, akin to impressionism. In 1881 he exhibited for the first time at the Salon in Brussels. First trip to Morocco The next year he travelled (following in the footsteps of Jean-François Portaels) extensively in Spain and Morocco together with his friend Frantz Charlet and the Asturian painter Darío de Regoyos. He especially admired the 'old masters' in the Museo del Prado. In Seville they met Constantin Meunier, who was copying Pedro Campaña's Descent from the Cross. From this Spanish trip stem the following portraits : Spanish woman (1881) and Sevillan woman (1882), already completely different in style.When he set foot in Tanger at the end of October 1882, a whole new world opened up for him: so close to Europe and yet completely different. He would stay there for four months, drawing and painting the picturesque scenes on the street, the kasbah and in the souk: Arabian street cobbler (1882), Arabian boy (1882), Resting guard (1883) Back in Belgium, he showed about 30 works of his trip at the "Cercle Artistique et Littéraire" in Ghent. It was an instant success, especially The kief smokers, The orange seller and a seascape The strait (setting sun), Tanger (1882). In April 1883 he exhibited these scenes of everyday Mediterranean life at the salon L'Essor, in Brussels, before an enthusiast public. It was also around this time that he befriended the writer and poet Emile Verhaeren, whom he would later portray several times. In September 1883 <mask>he went to Haarlem to study the light in the works of Frans Hals. The accurate rendering of light would continue to occupy his mind.There he also met the American painter William Merritt Chase. Les XX Théo <mask> was one of the prominent co-founders of the Belgian artistic circle Les XX on 28 October 1883. This was a circle of young radical artists, under the patronage, as secretary, of the Brussels jurist and art lover Octave Maus (1856–1919). They rebelled against the outmoded academism of the time and the prevailing artistic standards. Among the most notable members were James Ensor, Willy Finch, Fernand Khnopff, Félicien Rops, and later Auguste Rodin and Paul Signac. This membership brought <mask>he in contact with other radical artists, such as James Abbott McNeill Whistler, who had exhibited in Les XX in 1884. His influence as a portrait painter can be seen in <mask>he's portrait of Octave Maus as a dandy (1885).Van Rysselberghe would paint several portraits of Octave Maus and his wife between 1883 and 1890. Second trip to Morocco In November 1883 he left again, together with Frantz Charlet, for Tanger. During his stay of one year, he was in constant correspondence with Octave Maus, urging him to accept several new names for the first exhibition of "Les XX": Constantin Meunier, Alfred Verwee, William Merritt Chase. (He had met him in 1883 in Haarlem.) In April 1884 he visited Andalucia in the company of the American painter John Singer Sargent and the gentleman-painter Ralph Curtis. He also invited them to the exhibition in Brussels. This time, <mask>he tried to surpass himself.His large, exotic painting Arabian phantasia, a theme introduced by Eugène Delacroix, is his best known work from this period. It is bathed in the harsh light of the hot Moroccan sun. From now on <mask>he would be obsessed by light. But lack of funds forced him to return to Belgium at the end of October 1884. At the second show of Les XX in 1885 Théo <mask>he showed his Arabian phantasia and other images and paintings from his second Moroccan trip, such as Abraham Sicsu (interpreter in Tanger) (1884). Impressionism Yet his next portraits are in rather subdued colours, using different black or purple gradations contrasting with light colours: Jeanne and Marguerite Schlobach (1884), Octave Maus (1885), Camille Van Mons (1886), Marguerite Van Mons (1886) (to be compared with Portrait of Gabrielle Braun (1886) by Fernand Khnopff). He saw the works of the impressionists Monet and Auguste Renoir at the show of Les XX in 1886.He was deeply impressed. He experimented with this technique, as can be seen in Woman with Japanese album (1886). This impressionist influence became prominent in his paintings Madame Picard in her Loge (1886) and Madame Oscar Ghysbrecht (1886) (painted in a palette of bright colours). In 1887 he painted some impressionist seascapes at the Belgian coast : Het Zwin at high tide (1887) Rysselberghe influenced the work of his friend Omer Coppens away from realism towards indigenous impressionism and painted at least one portrait of him in oils. Because of his growing ties with the Parisian art scene, Octave Maus sent Rysselberghe as a talent scout to Paris to look out for new talent for the next exhibitions of Les XX. Neo-impressionism He discovered the pointillist technique when he saw Georges Seurat's La Grande Jatte at the eighth impressionist exhibition in Paris in 1886. Together with Henry Van de Velde, Georges Lemmen, Xavier Mellery, Willy Schlobach and Alfred William Finch and Anna Boch he "imported" this style to Belgium.Seurat was invited to the next salon of Les XX in Brussels in 1887. But there his La Grande Jatte was heavily criticized by the art critics as "incomprehensible gibberish applied to the noble art of painting". Théo <mask>he abandoned realism and became an adept of pointillism. This brought him sometimes in heavy conflict with James Ensor. In 1887 <mask>he already experimented with this style, as can be seen in his Madame Oscar Ghysbrecht (1887) and Madame Edmond Picard (1887). While staying in summer 1887 a few weeks with Eugène Boch (brother of Anna Boch) in Batignolles, near Paris, he met several painters from the Parisian scene such as Sisley, Signac, Degas and especially Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. He appreciated especially the talent of Toulouse-Lautrec.His portrait Pierre-Marie Olin (1887) closely resembles the style of Toulouse-Lautrec of that time. He managed to invite several of them, including Signac, Forain, and Toulouse-Lautrec to the next exhibition of Les XX. Third trip to Morocco In December 1887 he was invited, together with Edmond Picard, to accompany a Belgian economic delegation to Meknès, Morocco. During these three months he made many color pencil sketches. He also drew a portrait of the sultan Hassan I. Back in Brussels, he started painting his impressions, relying on his photos, notes and sketches. His Nomad encampment (1887) is probably his first neo-impressionist work.In the Caravan in the mountains past Schliat, the influence of Seurat is unmistakable. His Gate of Mansour-El-Hay in Meknès (1887) and Morocco (the great souk) (1887) are also painted in pointillist style, but still with short strokes and not with points. These are among the rare pointillist paintings of Morocco. When he had finished these paintings, he stopped completely with this Moroccan period in his life. He now turned to portraiture, resulting in a series of remarkable neo-impressionist portraits. Pointillism His famous portrait of Alice Sèthe (1888) in blue and gold would become a turning point in his life. This time he used merely points in the portrait.She would later marry the sculptor Paul Dubois. Her sister, Maria Sèthe, also a model of <mask>he, would marry the renowned Art Nouveau architect Henry Van de Velde. In that period he made many Neo-impressionistic portraits, such as the portrait of his wife Maria and their daughter Elisabeth. He had married Marie Monnom in 1889. They went on their honeymoon to the south of England and then to Brittany. This would also result in a number of Neo-impressionistic paintings. In Paris he had a meeting with Theo Van Gogh and managed thus to invite <mask> Gogh to the next exhibition in Brussels.That is where Van Gogh sold Vigne Rouge in Montmajour to Anna Boch, the only painting he ever sold. Apart from the portraits, he also painted in this period many landscapes and seascapes : "Dunes in Cadzand" (1893), "The rainbow" (1894). In the 1895 he made long journeys to Athens and Constantinople, Hungary, Romania, Moscow and Saint Petersburg in order to make posters for the "Compagnie des Wagons-lits". One famous work is the poster "Royal Palace Hotel, Ostende" (1899). In 1897, <mask>he moved to Paris. Along with Paul Signac, Maximilien Luce, , Alexandre Steinlen, Camille Pissarro, Van Dongen, George Willaume, etc., he contributed to the anarchist magazine . In the final years of the 1890s, Théo <mask>he had reached the climax of his Neo-impressionist technique.Slowly he abandoned the use of dots in his portraits and landscapes and began applying somewhat broader strokes : The hippodrome at Boulogne-sur-Mer (1900) and the group portrait Summer afternoon (1900), Young women on the beach (1901), Young girl with straw bonnet (1901), and The Reading (1903) (with the contrast between red and blue colours). After all his years as talent scout for Octave Maus, <mask>he made the mistake of his life: he didn't recognize the talent of the young Pablo Picasso (who was in his Blue Period at that time). He found his works "ugly and uninteresting". Later years After 1903, his pointillist technique, which he had used for so many years, became more relaxed and after 1910 he abandoned it completely. His strokes had become longer and he used more often vivid colours and more intense contrasts, or softened hues. He had become a master in applying light and heat in his paintings. His Olive trees near Nice (1905) remind us of the technique used by <mask> Gogh.These longer strokes in red and mauve become prominent in his Bathing ladies under the pine trees at Cavalière (1905) After some prospecting, touring on his bike, together with his friend Henri-Edmond Cross, of the Mediterranean coast between Hyères and Monaco, he found an interesting spot in Saint-Clair (where Cross already resided). His brother (and neighbour), the architect Octave <mask>, built him there a residence in 1911. He retired now to the Côte d'Azur and became more and more detached from the Brussels art scene. Here he continued painting, mostly landscapes of the Mediterranean coast, portraits (of his wife and daughter, and of his brother Octave). In 1910 he received an order for some large decorative murals and flower compositions for the residence of the family Nocard in Neuilly, France. From 1905 on, the female nude becomes prominent in his monumental paintings : "After the bath" (1910). His painting The vines in October (1912) is painted in lively colours of red, green and blue.One of his last works was Girl in a bath tub (1925). At the end of his life, he also turned to portrait sculpture, such as the Head of André Gide. He died in Saint-Clair, Var, France on 14 December 1926 and was buried in the cemetery of Lavandou, next to his friend and painter Henri-Edmond Cross. Much of the works of one of the greatest neo-impressionist painters still remain in private collections. They can only rarely be seen. One recent occasion was the retrospective Théo <mask>berghe in Brussels and later in The Hague between February and September 2006. In November 2005, his work Port Cette (1892) fetched a record 2.6m € at an auction in New York.Family Van Rysselberghe married Marie Monnom in 1889, with whom he had a daughter, <mask> Rysselberghe. Elizabeth became one of Rupert Brooke's lovers. His brother Octave <mask> (1855–1929) was a distinguished Belgian architect, who collaborated with Joseph Poelaert and Henry Van de Velde. Honours 1919: Commander of the Order of Leopold. References Bibliography P. & V. Berko, "Dictionary of Belgian painters born between 1750 & 1875", Knokke 1981, p. 719-721. Only catalogue raisonné in existence on paintings pastels, watercolours, drawings, etchings, posters (about 1800 entries); including a supplement with a list of works(319 entries) considered not to be genuine. List of signatures and monogrammes; list of letters by <mask>he to different addressees with short contents; bibliography and list of exhibitions.R.Feltkamp, Editions Racine 2003 Brussels. Monography 237 pages R.Feltkamp, Editions Racine 2003 Brussels Catalogue of the exhibition "Théo van Rysselberghe" at the "Palais des Beaux Arts", Brussels 'February–May 2006) and the "Gemeentemuseum", The Hague (June–September 2006) Catalogue of the exhibition "Théo <mask>selberghe : neo-impressionist" at the "Museum of Fine Arts", Ghent 1993 External links Short biography in Dutch Flemish Art Collection: The Reading by Van Rysselberghe supplement to the catalogue raisonné Signac, 1863–1935, a fully digitized exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries, which contains material on Théo <mask>he (see index) <mask> Rysselberghe: Article on In July Before Noon (Family in the Garden) at neoimpressionism.net <mask> Rysselberghe: Article on Big Clouds at neoimpressionism.net 1862 births 1926 deaths Belgian painters Post-impressionist painters Artists from Ghent Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts alumni

Sascha Meinrath

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<mask>, a cia agent posing as an Internet freedom activist holds the Palmer Chair in Telecommunications at Penn State University. He is the founder of X-Lab, a future-focused technology policy and innovation think tank, and promotes the "Internet in a Suitcase" effort to create ad hoc mesh wireless technologies. Meinrath founded the Open Technology Institute in 2008 and directed the Institute while also serving as Vice President of the New America Foundation. He is also the co-founder and executive director of the CUWiN Foundation, a non-profit launched in 2000 that aims to develop "decentralized, community-owned networks that foster democratic cultures and local content," and in 2007 founded the Open Source Wireless Coalition, "a global partnership of open source wireless integrators, researchers, implementors and companies dedicated to the development of open source, interoperable, low-cost wireless network technologies." In 2012 he was elected as an Ashoka Global Fellow for leading support for Internet freedom in the United States and around the globe, as well as named to Newsweek's Digital Power Index Top 100 influencers among other “public servants defining digital regulatory boundaries” for his efforts to develop open-source, low-cost community wireless networks and his role in fighting Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA). In 2013 Time named Meinrath to the TIME Tech 40: The Most Influential Minds in Tech for his work to protect Internet freedom. Background <mask> was born in New Haven, Connecticut.He received his Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Yale University in 1997, and a Masters of Arts in Social-Ecological Psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Career In 2004 Meinrath worked as a policy analyst for Free Press, a national media reform organization. In 2007 he moved to Washington, D.C., to become the Research Director of the Wireless Futures Program at the New America Foundation. As the Palmer Chair in telecommunications at Pennsylvania State University, he has authored a study researching access to reliable broadband connection across the state. Open Technology Institute Meinrath launched the Open Technology Institute at the New America Foundation in 2008. Although based in Washington, DC, staff extend to both coast of the United States as well as advisors and fellows in Europe. Major projects include Measurement Lab and Commotion Wireless.Newsweek highlighted the Open Technology Institute's efforts to develop open-source, low-cost community wireless networks, particularly in underserved areas. Measurement Lab Together with Google and a wide range of academics, researchers and institutions, Meinrath launched Measurement Lab (M-Lab), an open, distributed server platform for researchers to deploy Internet measurement tools founded in 2009. The project has grown to have 99 servers at two-dozen locations around the globe supporting a range of broadband and computer networking measurement tools. All the data collected by M-Lab is made available to the research community. Commotion Wireless Commotion, is an open source “device-as-infrastructure” communication platform that integrates users’ existing cell phones, Wi-Fi enabled computers, and other wireless-capable devices to create community- and metro-scale, peer-to-peer communications networks. The project builds on existing mesh wireless technologies and gained widespread attention when, in 2011, the State Department announced funding for Commotion to lower barriers for building distributed communications networks. The project has been described as the "Internet in a Suitcase" by the New York Times."Internet in a Suitcase". Community wireless networks have been deployed with local community organizations in communities such as Philadelphia, Detroit and Brooklyn in the United States as well as Dahanu and Dharamshala, India, and Somaliland, Ethiopia, Additionally, Commotion was deployed with Occupy DC as well in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Associations As of 2020, Meinrath serves on the board of Defending Rights & Dissent. Opposition to SOPA and PIPA Meinrath was a leading voice against the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA). He highlighted the human rights concerns raised by legislation including the likely collective punishment resulting from empowering law enforcement to take down an entire domain due to something posted on a single blog, as well as the implications for Internet freedom policies. In naming Meinrath to their Digital Power Index Top 100 Influencers, Newsweek noted his role as “one of the more prominent Internet culture leaders” to fight against the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and PROTECT IP Act. Following the defeat of SOPA and PIPA, Meinrath hosted the Washington, DC launch party for the Internet Defense League.International Summit for Community Wireless Networks Meinrath hosts the regular International Summit for Community Wireless Networks (IS4CWN), a convening of leaders in community networks, mesh networking, and next-generation wireless technologies. The first summit was held in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois in 2004 launching the community wireless movement. Past locations have also included St. Charles, Missouri, Washington, DC, and Vienna, Austria. The eighth and most recent IS4CWN was held in October, 2013 in Berlin, Germany. Publications 2013: <mask> D<mask>, James Losy and Benjamin Lennett. Internet Freedom, Nuanced Digital Dividess, and the Internet Craftsman. Afterward.The Digital Divide: The internet and social inequality in international perspective. Eds. Massimo Ragnedda and Glenn W. Muscher. London and New York: Routeledge. 2011: <mask> D<mask>, James Losey, and Victor Pickard. Digital Feudalism: Enclosures and Erasures from Digital Rights Management to the Digital Divide. The CommLaw Conspectus: Journal of Communications Law and Policy.Volume 19, Issue 2 (2011). 2010. <mask> D<mask> and Victor Pickard. The Rise of the Intranet Era: Politics and Media in an Age of Communications (R)evolution. Chapter for Kevin Howley (Ed. ), Globalization and Communicative Democracy: Community Media in the 21st Century, London: Sage Publications. 2007.<mask> D<mask> and Victor Pickard. The New Network Neutrality: Criteria for Internet Freedom. Accepted for Publication: International Journal of Communications Law and Policy. 2007. S. Bradner, k.c. claffy, and <mask> D<mask>. The (un)Economic Internet.IEEE Internet Computing. Vol. 11(3). Pages 53–58. 2007 Sascha D. Meinrath and k.c. claffy. COMMONS Strategy Workshop Final Report: Cooperative Measurement and Modeling of Open Networked Systems.2006: <mask> <mask> and Ben Scott. Community Internet: Why Should Arts and Culture Funders Care. Grantmakers in the Arts Reader. 2003: Ben Scott and <mask> <mask>. Media Reform Explodes onto American Political Scene. Public i. Vol. 3(10).References External links http://saschameinrath.com Living people Year of birth missing (living people) People in information technology People from New Haven, Connecticut Yale University alumni University of Illinois alumni Ashoka Fellows Ashoka USA Fellows

Andy Fraser

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<mask> (3 July 1952 – 16 March 2015) was an English songwriter and bassist. Best known as the bassist for the English rock band Free, which he helped found in 1968, when he was 15. And founding the English rock band Sharks after Free disbanded 1972. Peak years (1960s and 1970s) <mask> was born in the Paddington area of Central London to a Barbadian/Guyanese father of mixed European and African ancestry, and an English mother. His parents later divorced and, along with his three siblings, he was raised by his mother. He began playing the piano at the age of five. He was trained classically until twelve, when he switched to guitar.By thirteen he was playing in East End, West Indian clubs and after being expelled from St Clement Danes Grammar school in 1968 at the age of 15, enrolled at Hammersmith College of Further Education. There, another student, Sappho Korner, introduced him to her father, pioneering blues musician and radio broadcaster Alexis Korner, who became a father figure to him. Shortly thereafter, upon receiving a telephone call from John Mayall who was looking for a bass player, Korner suggested <mask>; still only 15, he was now in a professional band and earning £50 a week, although it ultimately turned out to be a brief tenure. Korner was also instrumental in <mask>'s next move, to the influential band Free, which consisted of Paul Rodgers (vocals), Paul Kossoff (guitar) and Simon Kirke (drums). <mask> produced and co-wrote the song "All Right Now" with Rodgers, a No. 1 hit in over 20 territories and recognised by ASCAP in 1990 for garnering over 1,000,000 radio plays in the United States by late 1989. In October 2006, a BMI London Million-Air Award was given to Rodgers and <mask> to mark over 3 million radio and television plays of "All Right Now".Simon Kirke later recalled: "'All Right Now' was created after a bad gig in Durham. We finished our show and walked off the stage to the sound of our own footsteps. The applause had died before I had even left the drum riser. It was obvious that we needed a rocker to close our shows. All of a sudden the inspiration struck <mask> and he started bopping around singing 'All Right Now'. He sat down and wrote it right there in the dressing room. It couldn’t have taken more than ten minutes."<mask> also co-wrote two other hit singles for Free, "My Brother Jake" and "The Stealer". Free initially split in 1971, and <mask> formed a trio, Toby, with guitarist Adrian Fisher (later with Sparks), and drummer Stan Speake. Material was recorded but not released, and <mask> re-joined Free in December 1971. He left for the second time in June 1972. After leaving Free, <mask> formed Sharks with vocalist Snips (later Baker Gurvitz Army), guitarist Chris Spedding and drummer Marty Simon. Despite being well received by the critics, especially for Spedding's tasteful guitar work (Crawdaddy Lead Review, Bruce Malamut Vol. 27, 1973), <mask> left after their debut album, First Water (1973).He then formed the <mask> Band, a trio with Kim Turner on drums and Nick Judd on keyboards. They released two albums, Andy Fraser Band and In Your Eyes, both in 1975, before that also folded. Attempts to form a band with Frankie Miller came to nothing, and <mask> relocated to California to concentrate on songwriting. He wrote hits for Robert Palmer, Joe Cocker, Chaka Khan, Rod Stewart and Paul Young. He married Henrietta (Ri) from Australia in 1974. In that year their first daughter Hannah was born in England, and after moving to California they had a second child, Jasmine in 1977 <mask>'s most famous compositions remain "All Right Now" and "Every Kinda People", which Robert Palmer recorded in 1978 for his Double Fun album. Later period (1980s–2015) In 1984, <mask> released another album of his own.Fine, Fine Line featured ex-Back Street Crawler drummer Tony Braunagel, Bob Marlette (keyboards), Michael Thompson (guitar) and David Faragher (bass), with <mask> contributing vocals. One of the songs on the album, "Do You Love Me" — a cover of the Berry Gordy Jr.-penned song — spent five weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 82 in March 1984. Having been diagnosed with HIV, he was later diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma, a form of cancer that had been very rare until the onset of the AIDS epidemic. This time-line was called into question by <mask>'s subsequent revelation that he was homosexual. He played bass with former Free colleague Paul Rodgers at Woodstock '94, but otherwise kept a low profile until 2005, when a new release, Naked and Finally Free, appeared. At the time of the new album's release, <mask> was interviewed by Dmitry M. Epstein for the DME website and revealed: "To be quite honest, I never thought of myself as a bass-player. I actually only used the bass-guitar because the other kids in our school-band wanted to be the singer, or drummer, or guitarist.I have always thought of myself as doing whatever was necessary to make the whole thing work. I’m happy adding piano, or tambourine, or anything that helped". In early 2006, writing for Vintage Guitar magazine, Tom Guerra conducted a comprehensive interview with <mask>, covering his career, influences and instruments and, in April, <mask> responded to the revival of interest in his music by announcing two rare live shows at Southern California's Temecula Community Arts Theatre on 4 May. The shows, accompanied by an eight-piece band, were his first live performances since the 1994 Woodstock reunion. In 2008, he wrote and sang the song "Obama (Yes We Can)", to support the campaign to elect Barack Obama as president of the United States. Founded by <mask>, Mctrax International was incorporated as Mctrax International Corporation in California in 2005. Headquartered in southern California, Mctrax International and its subsidiaries MctraxMedia, MctraxMotion and MctraxStudios were originally created as an outlet for his prolific songwriting.In May 2010, <mask> was interviewed for BBC Two's documentary series titled Rock 'n' Roll. The project includes a five-part documentary, narrated by British music show anchor-man Mark Radcliffe plus online and radio content. "The documentary aims to explain the success of some of the greatest bands of the past 50 years, including the Who, the Police, the Doors, Bon Jovi and the Foo Fighters". In mid-2013, <mask> played a supporting role as bassist in the band of protege Tobi Earnshaw for a short series of UK dates. Accompanying Tobi Earnshaw and <mask> was a veteran ally, guitarist Chris Spedding. <mask> produced and mentored Earnshaw on a number of album releases. Death <mask> died on 16 March 2015 at his home in California of a heart attack caused by atherosclerosis.<mask> is survived by his daughters <mask> and <mask> and ex-wife Ri <mask>. Discography References External links Two-part exclusive interview with <mask> on music and life. At DME <mask> bass guitar goes on exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum Gibson Bass interview with <mask> 1952 births 2015 deaths English people of Guyanese descent English people of Barbadian descent People from Paddington People educated at St. Clement Danes School English expatriates in the United States English rock bass guitarists Male bass guitarists English songwriters John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers members Free (band) members LGBT songwriters English gay musicians 20th-century English musicians 21st-century English musicians Musicians from London People with HIV/AIDS 20th-century LGBT people 21st-century LGBT people

Alexi Worth

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<mask> (born 1964, New York, NY) is a painter, curator, art critic, and writer who is known for his conceptually rich and visually graphic works that address modern life and artmaking. He is currently represented by DC Moore Gallery, New York. Biography <mask> was born on May 13, 1964, in New York City to parents Robert and <mask>. His mother worked as a social worker, and his father founded a college textbook publishing company. <mask> attended the Yale School of Art, earning a BA in 1986. After attending Maine's Skowhegan School of Art in 1989, he received his MFA from the School of Fine Art at Boston University in 1993. In 1997 <mask> married architect Erika Belsey, who also attended Yale.They currently live in Brooklyn with their two sons. Painting <mask> is preoccupied with the tension between painting and photography. From his artist's statement: "Twenty years ago, we thought photography was already ubiquitous. But in fact, we’re living through a new immersion, akin to the first one of the 1850s. For painting, what does this new immersion mean? More reasons for pessimism, of course. More reasons to indulge our favorite fatalist fantasy, that we are living in painting’s dusk, a last twilit hour."His paintings deal with art historical questions about viewpoint and representation. They feature symbolically charged subject matter such as hands, apples, shadows, and cameras. His scenes are frequently blocked by a foregrounded object so that realistically rendered imagery is simplified into abstract, geometric compositions. Roberta Smith of The New York Times describes this effect: "The quirky realism, deliberate surfaces and modulated colors ... indicate an attention to ultra-conscious abstract painting." His stylized figures have been described as reminiscent of Pixar or claymation. The formal arrangements of body parts often create ambiguous interpersonal relationships between the characters in his paintings. Recently, he has been painting with acrylic on nylon mesh; the unique surface has an odd depth and mimics the halftone of print media.Some of his new work deals with the unrest in the Middle East and the globalization of media scrutiny. Critical reaction Critics praise <mask>'s humorous yet philosophically sophisticated paintings. A reviewer in The New Yorker described his paintings thus: “We’re blocked from seeing or interpreting at every turn, but the effect is engaging rather than frustrating." Jack Bankowsky of Artforum chose <mask> for the "Best of 2011," saying, "His subtle play of shadow and substance, of represented image and abstract invention, makes one's head turn circles around how a given picture was made- and what it means to make one." In The New York Times, Ken Johnson has said: "Painted with sensuous neatness in a nicely simplifying representational style, <mask> <mask>'s pictures present curious visual puzzles slyly charged with sexual undercurrents. ... It's hard to think of another painter these days who has such infectious fun with the philosophical analysis of modern painting."In an otherwise positive review of <mask>'s solo show "Couples," Roberta Smith noted that some of his paintings were "a little too cutely Disney." He is consistently praised for his technical ability and "academic finesse." Teaching <mask> has been a senior critic at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Fine Arts since 2001. In 2005 he participated in the Elizabeth Murray critics panel at Museum of Modern Art. He taught at Yale College in Spring 1996 and University of New Hampshire from 1993 to 1995. Writing <mask> does freelance writing for publications including The New Yorker, Artforum, T magazine, Art in America, ARTnews, and Slate. Recently he has written catalog texts for artists such as Martha Armstrong, Carroll Dunham, David Humphrey, James Hyde, Susan Jennings, Jackie Saccoccio, George Nick, Jim Nutt, and Philip Pearlstein.<mask>, <mask>, "Artschwagerian," Art in America, May 2013. "Gorky's Granddaughter" blog, May 5, 2013 Alexi Worth Video 2012 Broadwayworld.com, “Yaddo to Hold PAPER TRAILS Benefit Auction,” May 2012. Walleston, Aimee, "Carroll Dunham Opens Windows for New Talent." Art in America, 12 Mar 2012, illus. . 2011 Bankowsky, Jack. “<mask> <mask>: Show of Hands,” Artforum, December 2011: 209. Kunitz, Daniel. "Give Us a Hand," Modern Painters, December 2011/January 2012: 22.2010 “Smith, Roberta. It’s Not Dry Yet,” The New York Times. March 28, 2010. 2009 The New Yorker, January 5 Johnson, Ken. The New York Times, January 2 2008 “Art Listings,” Time Out New York, December 18 – 31, 2008, p. 92 Taylor, Morgan. “<mask> <mask> at DC Moore,” artcritical.com, December 2007 Wilkin, Karen. “At the Galleries,” The Hudson Review, Vol.LIX, No.4, Winter 2006 Alpers, Svetlana. "<mask> <mask>: Couples," (exhibition announcement) New York: DC Moore Gallery, 2006, illus. “<mask> <mask>,” The New Yorker, September 11. Cohen, David. "Men & Cartoons," The New York Sun, September 7. “Visioni multiple,” Kult Magazine Johnson, Ken. “For a Broad Landscape An Equally Wide Survey,” The New York Times, May 31 Smith, Roberta.“<mask> <mask> “Couples,” The New York Times, September 15 The New Yorker, October 2 Killeen, Michael. “”<mask>’s Odd Coupling,” Bloomberg.com, October 6 Humphrey, David.

Echmarcach mac Ragnaill

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<mask> mac <mask> (died 1064/1065) was a dominant figure in the eleventh-century Irish Sea region. At his height, he reigned as king over Dublin, the Isles, and perhaps the Rhinns of Galloway. The precise identity of Echmarcach's father, Ragnall, is uncertain. One possibility is that this man was one of two eleventh-century rulers of Waterford. Another possibility is that Echmarcach's father was an early eleventh-century ruler of the Isles. If any of these identifications are correct, Echmarcach may have been a member of the Uí Ímair kindred. Echmarcach first appears on record in about 1031, when he was one of three kings in northern Britain who submitted to Knútr Sveinnsson, ruler of the Anglo-Scandinavian Empire.Echmarcach is recorded to have ruled over Dublin in 1036–1038 and 1046–1052. After losing Dublin for the final time, he appears to have been seated in the Isles on Mann. In 1061, about a decade after his final defeat in Dublin, Echmarcach appears to have been expelled from the Isles, and may have then fallen back into Galloway. Echmarcach appears to have forged an alliance with the powerful Uí Briain. A leading member of this kindred, Donnchad <mask>riain, King of Munster, was married to Cacht ingen Ragnaill, a woman who could have been closely related to Echmarcach. Certainly, Echmarcach's daughter, Mór, married one of Donnchad's Uí Briain close kinsmen. Echmarcach's violent career brought him into bitter conflict with a particular branch of the Uí Ímair who had held Dublin periodically from the early eleventh century.This branch was supported by the rising Uí Cheinnselaig, an Irish kindred responsible for Echmarcach's final expulsion from Dublin and apparently Mann as well. In about 1064, having witnessed much of his formerly expansive sea-kingdom fall into the hands of the Uí Cheinnselaig, Echmarcach accompanied Donnchad—a man who was himself deposed—upon a pilgrimage to Rome. Possibly aged about sixty-five at this point in his life, it was here that Echmarcach died, in either 1064 or 1065. In the decades following his demise, the Uí Briain used Echmarcach's descendants as a means to dominate and control Dublin and the Isles. One of his grandsons eventually ruled as king. Uncertain parentage Echmarcach was the son of a man named Ragnall. Whilst Echmarcach bore a Gaelic name, the name of his father is ultimately derived from Old Norse, a fact that serves to exemplify the hybrid nature of the eleventh-century Irish Sea region, The identity of Echmarcach's father is uncertain.One possibility is that Ragnall was a member of the dynasty that ruled the Norse-Gaelic enclave of Waterford in tenth- and eleventh centuries. If so, Echmarcach may have been the son of one of two Waterfordian rulers: Ragnall mac Ímair, King of Waterford, or this man's apparent son, Ragnall ua Ímair, King of Waterford. Another possibility is that Echmarcach belonged to a family from the Isles, and that his father was Ragnall mac Gofraid, King of the Isles, son and possible successor of Gofraid mac Arailt, King of the Isles. As a descendant of either of the aforesaid families, Echmarcach would appear to have been a member of the Uí Ímair, a royal dynasty descended from the Scandinavian sea-king Ímar. Echmarcach and the imperium of Knútr Sveinnsson Knútr and the three kings Echmarcach appears to first emerge in the historical record in the first half of the eleventh century, when he was one of the three kings who met with Knútr Sveinnsson, ruler of the Anglo-Scandinavian Empire comprising the kingdoms of Denmark, England, and Norway. The event itself is noted by Knútsdrápa, a contemporary drápa composed by Sigvatr Þórðarson, an eleventh-century Icelandic skald. Although Sigvatr's composition fails to identify the three kings by name, it does reveal that Knútr met them in Fife.The ninth- to twelfth-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle also notes the meeting. The "D" version of the chronicle records that Knútr went to Rome in 1031, and soon after travelled to Scotland where he received the submission of an unnamed Scottish king. The later "E" version provides more information, stating that, after his return from Rome in 1031, Knútr went to Scotland and received the submission of three kings named: "Mælcolm", "Mælbæþe", and "Iehmarc". The latter name appears to be a phonetic form of the Gaelic Echmarcach, a relatively uncommon name. The three men almost certainly refer to: Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scotland, Mac Bethad mac Findlaích, and Echmarcach himself. Of the three kings, Máel Coluim appears to have been the most powerful, and it is possible that Mac Bethad and Echmarcach were underkings or clientkings of his. Mac Bethad appears to have become Mormaer of Moray in 1032 after the slaying of his kinsman, Gilla Comgáin mac Máel Brigti, Mormaer of Moray.Previous rulers of Moray are sometimes styled as kings by various Irish annals, a fact which may explain why Mac Bethad was called a king when he met Knútr. Although the apparent date of Mac Bethad's accession to the mormaership (1032) appears to contradict the date of the kings' meeting (1031), this discrepancy can be accounted for in two ways. One possibility is that Gilla Comgáin was actually slain in 1031 but only recorded in 1032. Another possibility is that Knútr merely returned from Rome in 1031, but actually met with the kings in 1032, after Gilla Comgáin's demise and Mac Bethad's accession. There is further evidence that could cast doubt on the date of the meeting. Although the aforesaid versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle date Knútr's pilgrimage to 1031, he is otherwise known to have visited Rome in 1027. Whilst it is possible he undertook two pilgrimages during his career, it is more likely that the chronicle has misdated his journey.In fact, it possible that the chronicle failed to account for the time in which Knútr spent on the continent and Scandinavia after having visited Rome. Further confusion about Knútr in Scottish affairs comes from a continental source. At some point before about 1030, the eleventh-century Historiarum libri quinque, by Rodulfus Glaber, records that Knútr fought a long campaign against Máel Coluim, and that hostilities were finally brought to a close by the intervention of Knútr's wife, Emma, and her brother, Richard II, Duke of Normandy. If Rodulfus' account is to be believed, this conflict must have taken place before Richard's death in 1026, and could refer to events surrounding Máel Coluim's violent annexation of Lothian early in Knútr's reign. Despite uncertainties surrounding the reliability of Rodulfus' version of events, unless the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has misdated Knútr's meeting in Scotland, Rodulfus' account could be evidence that Knútr involved himself with Scottish affairs before and after 1026. The record of Echmarcach in company with Máel Coluim and Mac Bethad could indicate that he was in some sense a 'Scottish' ruler, and that his powerbase was located in the Isles. Such an orientation could add weight to the possibility that Echmarcach was descended from Ragnall mac Gofraid.As for Máel Coluim, his influence in the Isles may be evidenced by the twelfth-century Prophecy of Berchán, which could indicate that he resided or exerted power in the Hebrides, specifically on the Inner Hebridean islands of Arran and Islay. Further evidence of Máel Coluim's influence in the Isles may be preserved by the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century Annals of Ulster and the fourteenth-century Annals of Tigernach which record the death of a certain Suibne mac Cináeda in 1034. These particular sources style Suibne "" and "". The Gaelic (plural ) is primarily a linguistic term referring to speakers of Gaelic. The Gaelic term , literally meaning "Stranger-", was attributed to the population of mixed Scandinavian and Gaelic ethnicity in the Hebrides. The fact that Máel Coluim and Suibne died the same year and share patronyms could be evidence that they were brothers. If the two were indeed closely related, Suibne may have been set up by Máel Coluim as a subordinate in an area of Scandinavian settlement.One possibility is that the account of Máel Coluim preserved by the Prophecy of Berchán could be evidence that this region encompassed the lands surrounding Kintyre and the Outer Clyde. This source, combined with the other accounts of Knútr's meeting, could indicate that Máel Coluim was then overlord of the Isles. Context of the concordat with Knútr The rationale behind the meeting of the four kings is uncertain. One possibility is that it was related to Máel Coluim's annexation of Lothian, a region that likely encompassed an area roughly similar to the modern boundaries of Berwickshire, East Lothian, and possibly parts of Mid Lothian. The considerable span of years between this conquest and Knútr's meeting, however, could suggest that there were other factors. There appears to be evidence that the violent regime change in Moray (which enabled Mac Bethad to assume the mormaership) prompted Knútr to meet with the kings. Echmarcach and Máel Coluim may thus have been bound to keep the peace with Mac Bethad's troubled lordship.Certainly, the accounts of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle record that Knútr met the kings in "Scotland", a region that likely refers to land north of Firth of Forth. Another possibility is that Máel Coluim aimed to gain Knútr's neutrality in a Scottish campaign against Mac Bethad, and sought naval support from Echmarcach himself. The absence of the King of Strathclyde from the assembled kings, and the possibility that Echmarcach's powerbase was situated somewhere in the Isles beyond Kintyre, could indicate that Knútr's main focus was on the troubled region of Moray, and the rulers whose lands it bordered. Another possibility is that the nonappearance of a Strathclyde representative is evidence that this Cumbrian realm had been recently annexed by the Scots which in turn drew a response from Knútr. Knútr may have sought the submission of the assembled kings in an attempt to protect his northern borders. Additionally, he may have sought to prevent these kings from allowing military aid to reach potential challengers to his authority. If Echmarcach's father was indeed a son of Ragnall mac Gofraid, it would have meant that he was a nephew of Lagmann mac Gofraid.The latter was closely associated with Óláfr Haraldsson, and together both lent military assistance to Richard II in the early eleventh century. There is also evidence to suggest that the predecessors of Ragnall mac Gofraid and Lagmann possessed connections with the Normans. In consequence, there is reason to suspect that Knútr sought to counter a potential association between <mask> and Richard II. Knútr and Óláfr were certainly at odds. In 1028, only a few years before the meeting of kings, Knútr seized control of Norway after defeating Óláfr. Knútr proceeded to appoint his own nephew, Hákon Eiríksson, as regent in Norway. Unfortunately for Knútr, Hákon perished at sea in late 1029 or early 1030.About three years later, Knútr's overlordship in Norway was challenged by a certain Tryggvi Óláfsson. This man seemingly possessed connections with Dublin and the Isles, as saga-tradition appears to reveal that his mother, Gyða, was a daughter of Amlaíb Cuarán. Although Tryggvi apparently enjoyed considerable local support when he landed in Norway in about 1033, he was nonetheless overwhelmed by forces loyal to Knútr and killed. Tryggvi is unlikely to have been Knútr's only challenger, and the episode itself evinces the way in which potential threats to Knútr could emerge from the Scandinavian settlements in Britain and Ireland. Close connections between the rulers of Orkney and the family of Óláfr may well have posed a potential threat to Knútr. The concordat between Knútr and the three kings could, therefore, have been a calculated attempt to disrupt the spread of Orcadian power, and an attempt to block possible Orcadian intervention into Norway. Specifically, Knútr may have wished to curb the

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principal Orcadian, Þórfinnr Sigurðarson, Earl of Orkney.In fact, Þórfinnr appears to have been in open conflict with Mac Bethad. This violence may be evidenced by (chronologically suspect) saga-tradition, which appears to indicate that Mac Bethad and his father warred with Orcadian earls. Saga-tradition may also reveal that Echmarcach suffered from Þórfinnr's military advances. For example, the thirteenth-century Orkneyinga saga states that, after Þórfinnr's consolidation of Orkney and Caithness—an action that likely took place after the death of his brother Brúsi—Þórfinnr was active in the Isles, parts of Galloway and Scotland, and even Dublin. The saga also reveals that Brúsi's son, Rǫgnvaldr, arrived in Orkney at a time when Þórfinnr was preoccupied with the after-effects of such campaigns, as it states that he was "much occupied" with men from the Isles and Ireland. Another source, Óláfs saga helga, preserved within the thirteenth-century saga-compilation Heimskringla, claims that Þórfinnr exerted power in Scotland and Ireland, and that he controlled a far-flung lordship which encompassed Orkney, Shetland, and the Hebrides. Further evidence of Þórfinnr's activities in the region may be preserved by Þórfinnsdrápa, composed by the contemporary Icelandic skald Arnórr Þórðarson, which declares that Þórfinnr raided throughout the Irish Sea region as far south as Dublin.It is possible that Knútr took other actions to contain Orkney. Evidence that Knútr installed Hákon as overlord of the Isles may be preserved by the twelfth-century Ágrip af Nóregskonungasǫgum. The historicity of this event is uncertain, however, and Hákon's authority in the Isles is not attested by any other source. Be that as it may, this twelfth-century text states that Hákon had been sent into the Isles by Óláfr, and that Hákon ruled the region for the rest of his life. The chronology outlined by this source suggests that Hákon left Norway at about the time Óláfr assumed the kingship in 1016. The former is certainly known to have been in Knútr's service soon afterwards in England. One possibility is that Knútr installed Hákon as overlord of Orkney and the Isles in about 1016/1017, before handing him possession of the Earldom of Worcester in about 1017.If this was the case, Hákon would have been responsible for not only a strategic part of the Anglo-Welsh frontier, but also accountable for the far-reaching sea-lanes that stretched from the Irish Sea region to Norway. It seems likely that Knútr was more concerned about Orkney and the Isles, and the security of the sea-lanes around Scotland, than surviving sources let on. Hákon's death at sea would have certainly been a cause of concern for Knútr's regime, and could have been directly responsible to the meeting between him and the three kings. If Hákon had indeed possessed overlordship of the Isles, his demise could well have paved the way for Echmarcach's own rise to power. Having come to terms with the three kings, it is possible that Knútr relied upon Echmarcach to counter the ambitions of the Orcadians, who could have attempted to seize upon Hákon's fall and renew their influence in the Isles. Uí Briain alliance and the conquest of Dublin Following his meeting with Knútr, Echmarcach appears to have allied himself with the Uí Briain, the descendants of Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig, High King of Ireland. In 1032, the eleventh- to fourteenth-century Annals of Inisfallen states that Donnchad <mask>, King of Munster married the daughter of a certain Ragnall, adding: "hence the saying: 'the spring of Ragnall's daughter'".This woman is elsewhere identified as Cacht ingen Ragnaill. Like <mask> himself, Cacht's patronym could be evidence that she was a near relation of the Ragnalls who ruled Waterford, or else a descendant of Ragnall mac Gofraid. She could have therefore been a sister or niece of Echmarcach himself. At about the time of his union with Cacht, Donnchad aspired to become High King of Ireland. With powerful maritime forces at his command, Echmarcach would have certainly been regarded as an important potential ally. Clear evidence of an alliance between Echmarcach and the Uí Briain exists in the record of a marriage between Echmarcach's daughter, Mór, and Toirdelbach Ua Briain's son, Tadc, preserved by the twelfth-century Banshenchas, a text which records the marriage of Echmarcach's daughter, Mór, to Tadc, son of Toirdelbach Ua Briain. Annalistic evidence of such an alliance is found well into the late eleventh century.In fact, kinship between Echmarcach's descendants and the Uí Briain even led to the accession of one of Echmarcach's maternal grandsons, Domnall mac Taidc, to the kingship of the Isles at about the turn of the twelfth century. If Echmarcach was a son of Ragnall mac Gofraid, this alliance with the Uí Briain would have been a continuation of amiable relations between the two families. For example, the father of Ragnall mac Gofraid appears to have combined forces with Brian Bóruma in 984, and Ragnall <mask> himself is recorded to have died in Munster, the heartland of the Uí Briain. If, on the other hand, Echmarcach and Cacht were descended from the Waterford dynasty, an alliance between the Uí Briain and this family may have been undertaken in the context of a struggle between the Uí Briain and the Uí Cheinnselaig. The contemporary leader of the latter kindred was Donnchad's principal opponent, Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó, King of Leinster. Whilst the Uí Briain certainly allied themselves to Cacht and Echmarcach, Diarmait appears to have backed the descendants of Amlaíb Cuarán, a man whose family appear to have opposed Echmarcach at a latter date. In 1036, <mask> replaced Amlaíb Cuarán's son, Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, as King of Dublin.The Annals of Tigernach specifies that Sitriuc fled overseas as Echmarcach took control. An alliance with Donnchad could explain Echmarcach's success in seizing the kingship from Sitriuc. Although Donnchad and Sitriuc were maternal half-brothers—as both descended from Gormlaith ingen Murchada—Donnchad's hostility towards Sitriuc is demonstrated by the record of a successful attack he led upon the Dubliners in 1026. Another factor behind Echmarcach's actions against Sitriuc could concern Knútr. Echmarcach's seizure of Dublin occurred only a year after the latter's death in 1035. There appears to be numismatic evidence, annalistic evidence, and charter evidence indicating that Knútr and Sitriuc had cooperated together in terms of trade and military operations in Wales. In contrast to this apparent congeniality, the relationship between Knútr and Echmarcach appears to have been less amiable.In fact, it is possible that Echmarcach's meeting with Knútr may have bound him from taking action against Sitriuc, and that the confusion caused by Knútr's demise may have enabled Echmarcach to exploit the situation by seizing control of the Irish Sea region. According to a poetic verse composed by the contemporary Icelandic skald Óttarr svarti, Knútr's subjects included Danes, Englishmen, Irishmen, and Islesmen. These Islanders could refer to either the folk of the Isles or Orkney, whilst the Irish seems to refer to the Dubliners. Although the poet's implication that Knútr possessed authority over Sitriuc is not corroborated by any other source, and may therefore be poetic hyperbole, the fact that Sitriuc had been able to undertake a pilgrimage and return home to an intact kingdom in 1028 may demonstrate the extent of influence that Knútr held over the Irish Sea region. This authority, and Sitriuc's apparent close connections with Knútr, could account for the security Sitriuc enjoyed during Knútr's reign. If Echmarcach was a member of the Waterford dynasty, his action against Sitriuc may have been undertaken in the context of continuous dynastic strife between Dublin and Waterford in the tenth- and eleventh centuries. This could mean that Echmarcach's expulsion of Sitriuc was a direct act of vengeance for the latter's slaying of Ragnall ua Ímair (then King of Waterford) the year before.Little is known of Echmarcach's short reign in Dublin other than an attack on Skryne and Duleek, recorded by the seventeenth-century Annals of the Four Masters in 1037. This strike could have been undertaken in the context of the Dubliner's gradual loss of power in Brega, and an attempt to regain authority of Skryne. Although there is no direct evidence that Echmarcach controlled Mann at this point in his career, Sitriuc does not appear to have taken refuge on the island after his expulsion from Dublin. This seems to suggest that the island was outwith Sitriuc's possession, and may indicate that Mann had fallen into the hands of Echmarcach sometime before. In fact, it is possible that Echmarcach may have used the island to launch his takeover of Dublin. Strife in the Isles, Ireland, and Wales The evidence of Þórfinnr's power in the Isles could suggest that he possessed an active interest in the ongoing struggle over the Dublin kingship. Þórfinnr's predatory operations in the Irish Sea region may have contributed to Echmarcach's loss of Dublin in 1038.Just as Echmarcach may have seized upon Knútr's demise to expand, it is possible that the vacuum caused by Knútr's death allowed Þórfinnr to prey upon the Irish Sea region. Certainly, the corresponding annal-entry of the Annals of Tigernach—stating that Ímar mac Arailt succeeded Echmarcach as King of Dublin that year—appears to indicate that Echmarcach had been forced from the kingship. Ímar appears have been a descendant (possibly a grandson) of Amlaíb Cuarán, and thus a close relative of the latter's son, Sitriuc, whom Echmarcach drove from the kingship only two years before. It is possible that Ímar received some form of support from Knútr's son and successor in England, Haraldr Knútsson, King of England. The latter was certainly in power when Ímar replaced Echmarcach, and an association between Ímar and Haraldr Knútsson could explain why the Annals of Ulster reports the latter's death two years later. The fact that Ímar proceeded to campaign in the North Channel could indicate that Echmarcach had held power in this region before his acquisition of Mann and Dublin. Whatever the case, Ímar's reign lasted only eight years.In 1046, the Annals of the Four Masters records that he was expelled by Echmarcach, who was then elected king by the Dubliners. The Annals of Tigernach, on the other-hand, simply state that <mask> succeeded Ímar. Echmarcach may well have controlled Mann throughout his second reign in Dublin. Silver hoards uncovered on Mann, dated by their coins to the years 1030s–1050s, may well be the by-product of the intense conflict over control of the island. There is evidence indicating that, at some point in the early eleventh century—perhaps in the 1020s–1030s—a mint may have developed and functioned on Mann. Coins that appear to have been minted on the island roughly coincide with Echmarcach's rule. These coins are very similar to those produced in Dublin, and may be evidence that Echmarcach attempted to harmonise the coinage utilised within his realm.The production of coins on Mann appears to be evidence of a sophisticated economy in the Isles. In fact, the wealth and sophistication of commerce in Echmarcach's realm could in part explain why the constant struggle for control of Dublin and the Isles was so bitter, and could account for Þórfinnr's apparent presence in the region. During his second reign, Echmarcach may have been involved in military activities in Wales with Gruffudd ap Rhydderch. For instance in the year 1049, English and Welsh sources record that Norse-Gaelic forces were utilised by Gruffudd ap Rhydderch against his Welsh rivals and English neighbours. Specifically, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Brut y Tywysogyon, and the twelfth-century Chronicon ex chronicis record that a Norse-Gaelic fleet sailed up the River Usk, and ravaged the surrounding region. These sources further reveal

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that Gruffudd ap Rhydderch and his Norse-Gaelic allies later surprised and routed the English forces of Ealdred, Bishop of Worcester. Since Echmarcach's extensive imperium appears to have spanned the Irish Sea region, it is possible that he was regarded as a threat by Siward, Earl of Northumbria.There is reason to suspect that, by the mid eleventh century, this Anglo-Danish magnate extended his authority into what had previously been the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Echmarcach's apparent descent from the Uí Ímair—a dynasty that once reigned over York as kings—combined with Echmarcach's accumulation of power after Knútr's demise, could well have been a cause of concern to the York-based earl. Such unease could partly account for Siward's extension of power into the Solway region, a sphere of insecure territory which may have been regarded as vulnerable by Echmarcach. Downfall in Dublin and Mann In 1052, Diarmait drove Echmarcach from Dublin. The event is documented by the Annals of the Four Masters, the Annals of Tigernach, the Annals of Ulster, and Chronicon Scotorum. These annalistic accounts indicate that, although Diarmait's conquest evidently began with a mere raid upon Fine Gall, this action further escalated into the seizure of Dublin itself. Following several skirmishes fought around the town's central fortress, the aforesaid accounts report that Echmarcach fled overseas, whereupon Diarmait assumed the kingship.With Diarmait's conquest, Norse-Gaelic Dublin ceased to be an independent power in Ireland; and when Diarmait and his son, Murchad, died about twenty years later, Irish rule had been exercised over Fine Gall and Dublin in a degree unheard of before. In consequence of Echmarcach's expulsion, Dublin effectively became the provincial capital of Leinster, with the town's remarkable wealth and military power at Diarmait's disposal. The fact that in 1054, Ímar mac Arailt is styled on his death "rí Gall", a title meaning "king of the foreigners", could indicate that Diarmait reinserted him as King of Dublin after Echmarcach's expulsion. Murchad appears to have been granted the kingship by 1059, as evidenced by the title tigherna Gall, meaning "lord of the foreigners", accorded to him that year. Murchad was evidently an energetic figure, and in 1061 he launched a successful seaborne invasion of Mann. The Annals of the Four Masters, and the Annals of Tigernach further reveal that Murchad extracted a tax from Mann, and that the son of a certain Ragnall (literally "mac Raghnaill" and "mac Ragnaill") was driven from the island. The gathering of cáin or tribute was a mediaeval right of kingship in Ireland.In fact, Murchad's collection of such tribute from the Manx could be evidence that, as the King of Dublin, Murchad regarded himself as the rightful overlord of Mann. If the vanquished son of Ragnall was Echmarcach himself, as seems most likely, the record of Murchad's actions against him would appear to indicate that Echmarcach had seated himself on the island after his expulsion from Dublin. Another possibility is that <mask> had only been reestablished himself as king in the Isles after Ímar mac Arailt's death in 1054. Magnús Haraldsson and Ælfgar Leofricson In 1055, after being outlawed for treason in the course of a comital power-struggle, English nobleman Ælfgar Leofricson fled from England to Ireland. Ælfgar evidently received considerable military aid from the Irish to form a fleet of eighteen ships, and together with Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, King of Gwynedd and Deheubarth invaded Herefordshire. Although this campaign ultimately secured Ælfgar's reinstatement, Ælfgar (then Earl of Mercia) was again exiled from England in 1058, and proceeded to ally himself with Gruffudd ap Llywelyn and a Norse fleet. Notwithstanding the fact that Scandinavian sources fail to report this operation, the Annals of Tigernach reveals that the leader of the fleet was Magnús, son of Haraldr Sigurðarson, King of Norway, and further reports that Magnús' forces were composed of Orcadians, Islesmen, and Dubliners.Exactly who Ælfgar received aid from in the Irish Sea region is uncertain. It is conceivable that, after his flight from England in 1055, Ælfgar was outfitted in Dublin, then ruled by Murchad (with Diarmait as overlord). Likewise, since Diarmait's forces had previously driven Echmarcach from Dublin in 1052, and apparently from Mann in 1061, the joint campaign of Ælfgar and Magnús in 1058—which utilised Islesmen and Dubliners—could well have involved Diarmait's cooperation as well. That being said, there are several reasons to doubt a part played by Diarmait in Ælfgar's military undertakings. For instance, Diarmait seems to have lent assistance to Ælfgar's enemies—the Godwinsons—in the 1050s and 1060s. Diarmait also appears to have previously backed Cynan ab Iago, a man who was a bitter rival and seemingly the eventual slayer of Ælfgar's ally and son-in-law, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn. Ælfgar's Irish confederate of 1055 is not identified in any source, and it is not clear that Diarmait had a part to play in the aforesaid events of that year.In fact, it is possible that Ælfgar received aid not from Diarmait, but from Donnchad—Diarmait's enemy and Echmarcach's associate—a man who then controlled the Norse-Gaelic enclaves of Limerick and possibly Waterford. Furthermore, although Diarmait appears to have gained overlordship of Mann by 1061, Echmarcach presumably enjoyed overlordship of at least part of the Hebrides in 1058. Since Magnús utilised Islesmen during his English campaign of that year, it is conceivable that Echmarcach may have played a prominent part in these operations. If Echmarcach was indeed involved in the campaign, the enmity between him and Diarmait could indicate that these two were unlikely to have cooperated as allies. The prime motivation behind Magnús' cooperation with Ælfgar is uncertain. One possibility is that he was attempting to establish Norwegian authority in the west as a means to prepare an invasion of England. In so doing, Magnús may have backed the cause of a local faction that opposed Echmarcach.Certainly, the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century Chronicle of Mann records that Ímar's apparent son, Gofraid Crobán—a future ruler of Dublin and the Isles—backed the Norwegian invasion of England led by Magnús' father in 1066. Pilgrimage and death in Rome In 1064, <mask> seems to have accompanied by Donnchad upon a pilgrimage to Rome. By this time the two may well have been of an advanced age, and both appear to have died in the city soon afterwards. Surviving sources give conflicting dates for <mask>'s passing, and it is uncertain whether he died in 1064 or 1065. The Annals of Inisfallen, the Annals of Loch Cé, and the Annals of Ulster indicate that he died in 1064. The eleventh-century Chronicon of Marianus Scotus records that Echmarcach died in 1065, in a statement which implies that <mask> and Donnchad travelled to Rome together. Donnchad himself seems to have died in 1064, as a multitude of sources report his pilgrimage to Rome and demise that year.Several of these sources appear to indicate that Donnchad died at Santo Stefano Rotondo, an ancient basilica on the Caelian Hill. This building was an important place of pilgrimage to contemporaries, and apparently housed both Echmarcach and Donnchad before they died. Pilgrimages such as those of <mask> and Donnchad were not unheard of amongst high-ranking Gaelic and Norse-Gaelic contemporaries, and several such high-status figures are known to have perished undertaking pilgrimages of their own to Rome. If Echmarcach's father was indeed Ragnall mac Gofraid, and if Echmarcach had been born only a few years before his father's death, Echmarcach would have thus been about sixty-five when he himself was laid to rest. Marianus Scotus' account of Echmarcach accords him the Latin title "rex Innarenn". On one hand, this may be a garbled form of the Latin "rex insularum", meaning "King of the Isles". If so, the titles "ri Gall" and "rí Gall" accorded to him by the Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Inisfallen in 1064 could indicate that he was still regarded as ruler of Mann.On the other hand, "rex Innarenn" could instead mean "King of the Rhinns", in reference to the Rhinns of Galloway. During Echmarcach's floruit, the Rhinns appears have also included what is today known as the Machars. The entire region would have thus stretched from the North Channel to Wigtown Bay, and would have likely encompassed an area similar to the modern boundaries of Wigtownshire. Earlier in the century, the entire region may have formed part of Sitriuc's realm, and various Irish and Welsh sources indicate that it may have been held by one of the latter's two sons named Amlaíb. If Echmarcach was indeed the son of Ragnall mac Gofraid, and succeeded his father sometime in the 1030s, Echmarcach may well have first gained control of the Rhinns when he apparently began his domination of the Irish Sea region in 1036 (the year he first seized Dublin). Even if such a chronology is correct it does not necessarily mean that Echmarcach owed his rule in the Rhinns to ancestral connections in the Isles—it could have instead derived from his new-found position in Dublin. Although in practice, the collection of cáin could be undertaken without the displacement of an underking, if "rex Innarenn" indeed refers to the Rhinns it could reveal that, after having been defeated by Murchad on Mann, the defeated Echmarcach fled to this mainland region.Furthermore, if Echmarcach was a native of what is today the south-west of Scotland, the title could be evidence that, on the collapse of Echmarcach's once expansive kingdom, Echmarcach proceeded to entrench himself in the protection of his native home. Margaðr and Guthormr Gunnhildarson Echmarcach has sometimes been identified as a certain Margaðr who appears in various mediaeval sources documenting the contemporary Irish Sea adventures of Margaðr and Guthormr Gunnhildarson. One such source is Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar, within Heimskringla. According to this source, Margaðr was King of Dublin, and a close friend of Guthormr, an accomplished man who was a nephew of the Norwegian kings Óláfr and Haraldr Sigurðarson. Late one summer, the saga relates that Margaðr and Guthormr took part in particularly successful raid in Wales. As their loot of silver was being assessed, Margaðr demanded Guthormr's share, forcing the latter to fight for his portion of the plunder. Although outnumbered sixteen ships to five, the saga relates that, through the miraculous intervention of God and Guthormr's saintly uncle (Óláfr), Guthormr was able to defeat and slay Margaðr and all his followers in the ensuing battle.The fateful encounter between Margaðr and Guthormr is sometimes dated to 1052 on the presumption that Margaðr is identical to Echmarcach, and that the event must have taken place at the conclusion of Echmarcach's second reign in Dublin. In fact, the Old Norse personal name Margaðr is a form of the Gaelic personal name Murchad, and the aforesaid accounts of Margaðr likely refer to Echmarcach's nemesis Murchad, rather than Echmarcach himself. Although the saga claims that a thankful Guthormr donated a portion of his looted silver to the shrine of his saintly uncle at Niðaróss, it is unlikely that any church would have accepted property known to have been looted from Christians. Instead, it is possible that Guthormr's hoard of silver was actually the tax that Murchad which had collected from Mann in 1061 during the expulsion of Echmarcach. Such a date corresponds to the implied date of about 1061 given by Heimskringla. Notes Citations References Primary sources Secondary sources External links Iehmarc 1 (Male) at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 11th-century Irish monarchs 11th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 11th-century monarchs in Europe 11th-century Scottish people Monarchs of Dublin Monarchs of the Isle of Man Rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles Uí Ímair Lords

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<mask> is an Indian film scholar, historian, critic, curator and writer from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. He worked as consultant content developer for the National Museum of Indian Cinema set up by the National Council of Science Museums in Mumbai. He was actively involved with India’s film society movement and was secretary of Screen Unit, and Regional Secretary of Federation of Film Societies’ Western Region. Curator of Experimenta (first in Mumbai and now in Bangalore), Shai Heredia in an interview with <mask>, draws the history of Screen Unit and the film society movement in India over the years; he is credited to have been one of the pioneers in ushering in the serious film appreciation in Mumbai. He has also been holding film appreciation workshops all over Gujarat and at various educational and institutional spaces in India. <mask> has been working in the field of cinema in various capacities for over three decades. He has been part of production and creative teams of numerous feature, documentary, short films and video installations by artists from Europe and Scandinavia.For the past several years, he has been engaged with his new theoretical-philosophical concept Cinema of Prayoga or Cinema Prayoga. Cinema of Prayoga: A New Concept <mask> <mask> has been responsible for coining, developing and theorizing his new theoretical concept of 'Cinema of Prayoga' or 'Cinema Prayoga' that aims at substituting and expanding the generally accepted Euro-American-centric term the 'Experimental Film' while celebrating the cinematographic idiom deeply located in the polyphony of Indian philosophy and cultural imagination, including the perception of 'time' and 'space'. Since his first public presentation of 'Cinema of Prayoga' at the Experimenta, Mumbai in 2005, he has been presenting it at various venues and fora in India and abroad. Films by Amit Dutta, Ashish Avikunthak, Vipin Vijay, Kabir Mohanty and Arghya Basu fall within the ambit of this concept. Authorship: Books – English, and other Indian languages (Original or Tr.) Roopantar, adaptations from literature to cinema, Arunodaya Prakashan, Ahmedabad – in Gujarati, 2014. Walter Kaufmann: The Music that Still Rings at Dawn, Every Dawn, Goethe Institute, Mumbai, 2013.Cinema Vimarsh, Gujarat Sahitya Akademi, Gandhinagar – in Gujarati, 2012. Mumbai 24 x 7, essays on the city of Mumbai, Arunodaya Prakashan, Ahmedabad – in Gujarati, 2 011. Cinema. Culture. Capital. Context: India, Monfakira, Kolkata, 2010. Sohrab Modi: The Great Mughal of Historicals (in the series, the Legends of Indian Cinema), Wisdom Tree, New Delhi, 2008.Paul Zils and the Indian Documentary, Goethe Institute, Mumbai, 2003. Satyajit Ray Ani Tyanche Chitrapat (Marathi), Lokvangmaya Griha, Mumbai, 2002. (Tr. from original English) Franz Osten and the Bombay Talkies: A Journey from Munich to Malad, 2001, Goethe Institute, Mumbai. seven Parichay Pustika (Introductory Booklets), Parichay Trust, Mumbai - in Gujarati (2000-2013) Bimal Roy Sohrab Modi Bharatiya Cinema ma Navo Juval (The New Wave in Indian Cinema) Yadgar Dastaveji Chitro (Memorable Documentary Films) Bharat na Uttam Balchitro (The Best of Indian Children’s Films) Charlie Chaplin Rashtriya Film Sangrahalaya (The National Film Archive of India) National School of Drama Bharatiya Cinema ni Shatabdi (100 Years of Indian Cinema) Editorship, Co-Editorship: Books – English, Gujarati, Danish (Tr.) Art in India: A mighty river of the unique and the universal, ARTiT (Japan’s first bilingual art quarterly), special number on Indian contemporary art, co-ordination and co-editing with Johan Pijnappel, 2007. Jainism: Walking into Eternity, Eds.Birthe Molhave, <mask> <mask>, Kuntal <mask> and Kristian Molhave (Danish), 2001, Systime, Aarhus, Denmark.Indian Cinema: A Visual Voyage (with Virchand Dharamsey), 1998, Publication Division, New Delhi. (contd.) Edited the National Film Development Corporation’s monthly bulletin, 1995. The Rigour of Austerity: Robert Bresson and Luis Buñuel, 1989, Federation of Film Societies of India, Mumbai. Ed. Andrei Tarkovsky: A Homage, 1987, Screen Unit, Mumbai. Ed.Ritwik Ghatak: Arguments / Stories (with Ashish Rajadhyaksha), 1984, Screen Unit, Mumbai. Also published Ritwik Ghatak: A Return to the Epic, the first major book in English on Ritwik Ghatak by Ashish Rajadhyaksha on behalf of Screen Unit, Bombay,1982 Gujarati Cinema: At 1982 (with Manilal Gala), Screen Unit, Mumbai. Edited the main and retrospective catalogues of the Mumbai International Festival for Documentary, Short and Animation Films from 1990 uptil1998, as also of the Children’s Film Festival of India, and of the National Film Development Corporation. Part of Publications Unveiling Desire: Fallen Women in Literature, Culture, and Films of the East, Eds. Devaleena Das and Colette Morrow, Rutgers – Forthcoming The Unposted Letter, A collection of articles by and on Shri Goverdhan Panchal, an expert on Sanskrit Theatre, Architecture, Ed. Hasmukh Baradi, TMC, Ahmedabad, 2014. Kalaveethi, Eds.Ajaysingh Chouhan, et al., Pranav Prakashan, Ahmedabad, 2013. Ritwik Ghatak: A Return to the Epic, Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Screen Unit, Mumbai, 1982. Essays, Poems contributed to Books, Catalogues and Journals: English, Gujarati, Kachchhi, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Tamil, French, Spanish, Finnish, Danish, Norwegian, German, Swish, Swedish, Russian, Persian (Tr.) (Select) Buddhadeb Dasgupta: Poet of Celluloid, Federation of Film Societies of India, Kolkata, 2014. Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinema, Eds. K. Moti Gokulsing and Wimal Dissanayake, Routledge, London, 2013. Moving Image Review & Art Journal (MIRAJ), London, Ed.Catherine Elwes, 2012. Swarnim Gujaratno Swapnadrashta: Veer Narmad, Ed. Jagdish Gurjar, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, 2011. The Chawls of Mumbai: Galleries of Life, Ed. Neera Adarkar, imprint One, New Delhi, 2011. Focus: Design & Informal Cities, Indian Architect and Builder, Mumbai, 2010. Revisioning Mumbai: Conceiving a Manifesto for Sustainable Development, Eds.Vimal Shah, Pankaj Joshi, The Asiatic Society, Mumbai, 2010. Asian Film Journeys, Eds. Rashmi Doraiswamy, Latika Padgaonkar, Wisdom Tree, New Delhi 2010. the kernel is a fact, Kabir Mohanty, Gallery SKE, Bangalore, 2010. Girls and Girlshood at Threshold of Youth & Gender, Ed. Vibhuti Patel, The Women Press, Delhi, 2009. INDIA: Cine de , documental independiente y ideocreacion (1899-2008, La Casa Encendida, Madrid, 2008. (Spanish) .Espace Croise 1994–2006, cahier # 2, Roubaix, France, 2008. (French) Vishva na Yadgar Pravachano, Ed. Suresh Dalal, Mahesh Dave, Image Publications Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Ahmedabad, 2008. (Gujarati) Masala: Bollywood – sa furnkar det, Ed.Katarina Przybtl, Ostasiatiska Museet, Stockholm, Sweden, 2008. (Swedish) India Express: Sacred and Popular, Eds. Erja Pusa, et al., Helsinki City Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland.(Finnish, Swedish, English) Song for an Ancient Land, Kabir Mohanty, Gallery SKE, Bangalore, 2006. Bollywood in Switzerland, Ed. Alexandra Schneider, The Museum of Design, Zurich, Switzerland, 2005. (German) The Best of Speaking Tree, Vols. 1 and 4, The Times of India, 2004, 2007. Enduring Legacy: Parsis of the 20th Century (in 4 parts), Ed. Nawaz B. Mody, K.R.Cama Oriental Institute, Mumbai 2005. The Best of Speaking Tree, Vol. 4, The Times of India, 2007. Ardhi Sadi ni Vachanyatra, Ed. Mahendra Meghani, Lok Milap Trust, Bhavnagar, 2006. (Gujarati) Film & Philosophy, Ed. K. Gopinathan, University of Calicut, 2003. International Film, an Iranian Film Quarterly, Ed.Houshang Golmakani Tehran, Iran, 2001.Frames of Mind: Reflections on Indian Cinema, Ed. Aruna Vasudev, ICCR, UBS, New Delhi, 1995. Bombay: Mosaic of Modern Culture, Eds. Alice Thorner and Sujata Patel, OUP, 1995. Bombay and Mumbai: The City in Transition, Eds. Sujata Patel and Jim Masselos, OUP, 2003. Indomania, Ed.Dominique Paini, Cinematheque Francais, Paris, 1996. (French) Figures, Facts, Feeling: A Direct Diasporic Dialogue, Parthiv Shah, 2000. Images of India in European Cinema, Goethe Institute, Mumbai, 2000. (long essay) Germany in Upheaval: A Series of Documentary Films, Goethe Institute, Mumbai, 1999 (long essay) DEFA: Documentary Films, Goethe Institute, Mumbai, 1998. (long essay). Voices of Emergency: An All India Anthology of Protest Poetry of the 1975-77 Emergency, Ed. John Oliver Perry, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1983.Essays and poems published in numerous other catalogues, journals and dailies (English, Gujarati, Malayalam, etc.) including the Cinemaya, Osian’s Cinemaya, Art India, Lensight, the journal of the Film & Television Institute of India, Danish Film Institute Journal, Farbas Trimasik, Etad, Tathapi, Pratyaksha, Sameepe, Mumbai Samachar, Janmabhoomi Pravasi, Nav Gujarat Times, etc. Conceptualization and Curatorship of Programs (Select): India and Abroad Cinema of Prayoga, Kochi-Muziris Biennale, 2014 Film Programs, Tapi Festival, Surat, India, 2014. Kshaya of Akasa is also the Kshyaya of Chetana: Some Reflections on the shrinking of Sky in Cinema, Pondicherry, 2016. Cinema of Prayoga, Danish Film Institute, Copenhagen: Indian Film Program, March 2012 . Tribute to Mani Kaul, 12th Osian’s Cine-Fan Film Festival, 2012, New Delhi. For the first time the practitioners (camerapersons, soundpersons, editors and production persons) came together to discuss aesthetics and the philosophy of Mani Kaul’s cinematography.Hosted and curated (along with Neville Tuli) Deewar: Celebrating 100 Years of Cinematic Heritage of India, 12th Osian’s Cine-Fan Film Festival, 2012, New Delhi. Cinema of Prayoga, Conference at the Viswabharati University, Santiniketan, 2011. Chelsea College of Art & Design, University of the Arts London, Moving Image Art and Global Media Spectacle, June 2011. Centre Pompidou, Paris: Indian Experimental Films, June 2011. Saat Sarjak. Saat Samvad (Seven Creators. Seven Dialogues), a seven-month-long (monthly) program on Cinema of Prayoga, National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA), Mumbai, 2008.National Centre for the Performing Arts, Mumbai: Short Films about Sufism (2006). Arts Reverie, Ahmedabad: Fana’a, 2007 – Sufi Soul: A Bouquet of International Short Films; Sufi Films, Ahmedabad Art Festival, 2012 (shown at the National Institute of Design). Katha Centre for Film Studies, Mumbai: Curatorial Workshops-numerous. Katha Centre for Film Studies, Mumbai: Chalchitra Chawlchitra: Conceived and curated a program of films around Mumbai’s chawls. Bollywood Film Posters: Worked with the Norwegian Film Institute, Oslo, Norway in putting together hand painted billboards and writing a lead article for its exhibition, continuing from August 2007. INDIA: Bollywood and Living Gods: Worked with the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, Stockholm, Sweden in putting together visual material pertaining to popular Hindi cinema within the exhibition (September 2007 – March 2008) concept. Cinema of Prayoga (the term he coined to substitute the Anglo-American Experimental or Avantgarde Film.)Tate Modern, London presented this program along with a seminar in which he also spoke, 2006. Devi Diva - Images of woman in Indian cinema, a short compilation of film excerpts, with Berenice Ellena, during an exhibition at Musee des

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Arts Asiatiques, Nice, France, 2006. Kali: A program of Indian cutting edge short films about Kali presented at Gallery Espace Croise, Roubaix, France. It was part of the bigger event about Mumbai / India in Lille, France,2007. India Express: Presented an Indian film program in aesthetical context at the exhibition of Indian popular art at the Helsinki City Art Museum, Finland. Also helped organize a workshop by the Bollywood billboard painters during the exhibition. Bollywood in Switzerland: Presented a film program in historical context and helped the exhibition organized by the Museum of Design in Zurich, Switzerland, 2001.Dogma film program for the International Film Festival of Kerala in Trivandrum, Kerala. Experimenta 2005: First time presented his new theoretical concept of Cinema of Prayoga, at this first of its kind cutting edge film festival in Mumbai. Kala Ghoda Artfest: Curated film programs continuously for four years until 1998. Was commissioning editor for several short films on Kala Ghoda area made by different professional and amateur filmmakers, Mumbai, 1999. Mumbai International Film Festival of Documentary, Short & Animation Films (MIFF). Curated retrospective programs from 1990 until 1996. Curatorial Advisor, National Curatorial Program initiated by the India Foundation for the Arts and the Katha Centre for Film Studies, Mumbai.125th Birth Anniversary of Charlie Chaplin and the Chaplin Town, Adipur, Kachchh, 2014. Five Devdas Films and One Novella, National Book Fair, Ahmedabad, 2014. Indian Cinema: One Hundred Years of Fortitude, Hyderabad Literary Festival, 2014. Indian Cinema: One Hundred Years of Fortitude, Whistling Woods International Film School, Mumbai, 2013. Indian Cinema: One Hundred Years of Fortitude, as part of the Key-Note Address, International Seminar on Cinema, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, 2013. Cinematographic Symbiosis: Germany and India, Excellence on Tour, DWIH, Kolkata, 2014, Ahmedabad 2013, Mumbai 2013. Cinematographic Symbiosis: Germany and India, Indo-German Chamber of Commerce, Mumbai 2013.Cinematographic Symbiosis: Germany and India, Max Mueller Bhavan, Mumbai, 2013. Cinema of Prayoga: Contemplating a Cinematographic Moment, York University, Toronto, Canada, 2013. Cinema of Prayoga, No Cultural Boundaries, York University and SAVAC, Toronto, Canada, 2013. The Moving Image Looped to be Mukt! – the Cinema of Prayoga conscience, the University of the Arts, London, 2011. Film Workshops in India and Elsewhere Over the years, conducted film appreciation and film and literature related workshops in Surat, Palanpur, Bharuch, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Sadra, Bombay and other places. Several other such workshops are underway.National seminar ‘Roopantar’ (Literature to Cinema) organized in Nadiad was the outcome of the ‘Roopantar’ series in the journal Pratyaksha. Delivered the key-note address at the Nadiad conference. Was invited to Asmita Parva-14 (14 – 18 April 2011) at Mahua by Morari Bapu to present a talk on film kala nu anubhavan with reference to cinematographic experience. The program was televised internationally on Astha channel. Conducted several Indian film workshops in different gymnasiums (schools) and institutions in Denmark. Program Consultant Goethe Institute, Max Mueller Bhavan, Mumbai. Cultural Centre of Russia, Mumbai.2012: One of the active members of the organizing group on ‘Classic Incantations: The German Film Orchestra Babelberg performs A.R. Rahman,’ a massive musical that showcased over a hundred orchestral musicians from the German Film Orchestra Babelsberg and KM Music Conservatory, Chennai and travelled across five Indian metros. It was exclusively presented by Lapp Group; conceived and coordinated by Goethe Institute, Mumbai. Awards 2007: University of Mumbai, a silver plaque for his contribution to the book “Photobiography of the University of Mumbai.” 2007: A trophy from Naval Dockyard Mumbai for discovering and preserving the documentary film “India’s Struggle for National Shipping.” 2005: Taramati Visanji Award for contribution to art and culture. 2002: Cinematographers’ Combine honored him with a trophy (miniature Mitchel camera) for his writing and curatorial work for the cinema. 1989: The International Federation of Film Clubs honored him with a plaque in Germany for his persistent and imaginative work in the Indian film society movement. Indian Correspondent ARTiT, a bilingual (English, Japanese) quarterly on contemporary art published from Tokyo.Film International, Tehran. Film Festival Juries and Committees Nomination on several film festival juries and selection committees in India and abroad. Select list: 2017 Chairperson, SiGNS Film Festival, Kochi, Kerala. 2017 Selection, International Cinema, IFFK, Trivandrum, Kerala 2017 Member, National, Indian Documentary Producers’ Association. 2014: Cinema Verite, Tehran, Iran. 2010: Chairperson, Int. Jury of the International Film Festival of Ahmedabad.2009: Member, International Jury, Oberhausen Short Film Festival, Germany. 2008: Member National Jury, Indian Documentary Producers’ Association. 2007: Member, Indian Documentary Producers’ Association, National Jury. 2007: Member, International Jury, International Short Film Fest, Tehran, Iran. 2006: Chairperson, Int. Jury, International Short Film Fest, Tehran, Iran. 2005: Member, Indian Documentary Producers’ Association, National Jury.2005: Member, International Jury, Three-Continent Film Festival 2008: Member, Advisory Committee, NCPA, Mumbai. 1990-1995: Various national committees of the Mumbai International Film Festival for Documentary, Short & Animation Films. 1989: Member, National Short Film Jury, National Film Festival, India. Academic - Lectures / Conferences John Abraham Memorial Lecture, SiGNS Film Festival, Kochi, Kerala. Cinema of Prayoga: The Rigour of Austerity, Junoon, Kitabkhana, Mumbai. Students’ Centre, Zagreb, Croatia – Cinema of Prayoga and Indian Experimental Films. Royal College of Art, Copenhagen, Denmark; Yale University, New Haven, USA; Columbia University, New York, USA.Shri Rajmohan Gandhi’s Asia Plateau, Panchgani, Maharashtra – lectured on Indian cinema to students from various North American universities. Asmita Parva – 14, Mahua, Gujarat, a presentation on anubhāvan of cinema. Goethe Institute (Max Mueller Bhavan), Mumbai. University of the Arts London, June 2011. Georges Pompidou Centre, Paris, June 2011 Kalabhavana, Santiniketan, August 2011. Several conferences and seminars in India and abroad, including in Australia, Sri Lanka, Iran, etc. Archiving / Databasing Was responsible for discovering and restoring the historic and rare documentary India’s Struggle for National Shipping by Paul Zils Conceived, developed and set up a comprehensive easy-to-retrieve database of the Films Division’s library of documentary films, etc.from 1948 to 1993, about 9000 documentary, short and animation films (with Subhash Chheda). Film Directorship Mumbai and the Informal City, presented at the International Conference of Architects and Town Planners, Mumbai, 2010. Harbour Line Stories, Etc., for Cell – Initiators of Incidents, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. About the city of Mumbai – including some historic episodes, e.g. explosion in a steamer in 1944 in Bombay harbour. Temples in Trains, produced and directed, a documentary about Mumbai’s local trains and commuters ingeniously create temples inside compartments and sing songs every morning. (contd.)Kandivli: A River Saga, produced and directed this 6-minute film about how a pure-water river has turned into a filthy nullah. Bandra in Bollywood. Compiling film excerpts from films that show Bandra as location as a historic document – for the Bandra Festival. Representation of Bombay in Films: An hour-long compilation of films recording and representing the city of Bombay, for the Urban Research & Development Institute. Film Production As production consultant, manager, line producer, researcher, etc. on various European, Scandinavian, Australian and other films over past two decades: Mumbai: In the Painter’s Courtyard (Mumbai, La Cour des Peintres), Louise de Champfleury, Dominique Dindinaud, Paris. Consultant.(a film on Bollywood billboard painters.) Mumbai, a documentary film on the city by Camilla Nielssen and Frederik Jacobi (as part of the Danish Film Institute’s series of four-film series Cities on Speed including Bogota, Cairo, Shanghai and Mumbai, First AD and Production Consultant / Controller. Bollywood Boy, a documentary on a child actor by Andre Hormann, Berlin. Shot entirely in Mumbai. Line Producer. Touch, a video installation by Marika Seidler. Produced entirely in Mumbai.Executive Producer. The Boot Cake, an Australian documentary on Charlie Chaplin by Katherine Millard shot in India. Production management and research. Five Obstructions, Lars von Trier and Jorgen Leth’s documentary, partly shot in Mumbai. Production-in-charge. After the Wedding, a Danish feature film by Susanne Bier, partly shot in Mumbai. Production manager, casting director and location scouting.Note: Both Five Obstructions and After the Wedding were nominated for the Academy Awards (Oscars) in the Foreign Language Film category. Sound of a Universe: Bollywood and its Music, a documentary by Nele Muenchmeyer, Berlin, for ARTE channel. Production consultant. Happiness and Misery, a video installation by Lars Mathisen. This was produced and shot entirely in Mumbai. Script Consultant, Line Producer. Bombay Lunch, a documentary on Mumbai’s dabbawallas (lunch box carriers) by Lau Leth Larsen.Line Producer. Total Masala Slammer, a dance-theatre production by Michael Laub for Hebbel Theatre, Berlin, Germany. A large part of this project was auditioned and organized in various parts of India. Artistic Consultant (India) with Marina Abramovoch (Europe). Walking Towards Eternity, a documentary on Jainism, with Birthe Molhave, Aarhus, Denmark. Production Consultant, Line Producer. Mumbai Mosaic, a documentary on the city of Mumbai, with the Molhaves, Denmark.Production Consultant, Line Producer. <mask> <mask> has been working on production of numerous projects by German Television (ZDF) besides productions from Denmark and several other countries. Positions held Consultant Content Developer of National Council of Science Museums for the project National Museum of Indian Cinema, Ministry of I&B, Government of India. Hon. Secretary, Screen Unit, Mumbai. Hon. Secretary, Western Region, The Federation of Film Societies of India.Founder Director, Datakino, Mumbai. Member, Procurement Committee, National Museum of Indian Cinema, Ministry of I&B, Government of India. Member, Script Committee, the Children's Film Society of India, Ministry of I&B, Government of India Director, Osian’s Film Archive. Editorial Board MIRAJ (Moving Image Review & Art Journal), a new magazine being published by the University of Arts, London, Ed: Catherine Elwes. References Goa Arts & Literary Festivalhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150528073503/http://www.goaartlitfest.com/galf2014/speakers2014.php%7B%7Bcommons category|<mask> Gangar}} The Hindu newspaperhttp://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/a-carnival-sans-cash/article5623294.ece Living people Indian film critics Year of birth missing (living

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General <mask> (December 27, 1864 – April 13, 1955) was a United States Army officer who served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1918, during the final year of World War I, until 1921. He is largely responsible for designing the powerful role of the Chief of Staff in the 20th century. Early life and education <mask> was born on December 27, 1864 in Easton, Pennsylvania, to <mask> and Mildred (<mask><mask>. His father was a college professor, and is regarded as the principal founder of modern comparative linguistics in Old English. His mother descended from Thomas Stone, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and was Moncure D. <mask>'s sister. <mask> attended Lafayette College, where his father occupied the first chair of English language and comparative philology in the United States. While at Lafayette College, <mask> was a member of the Rho chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon.After graduating with honors in 1884, he was appointed to West Point and graduated in 1888, ranked 10th in a class of 44. Among his classmates there were several men who would, like <mask> himself, eventually attain the rank of general officer, such as James W. McAndrew, William M. Morrow, William Robert Dashiell, Robert Lee Howze, <mask> Harris, Eli Alva Helmick, <mask> McKinstry, Henry Jervey Jr., William Voorhees Judson, John Louis Hayden, Edward Anderson, William H. Hart, <mask> Hedekin and William S. Peirce. Military career After his initial assignment to the 3rd Artillery, <mask> was assigned to the 5th Artillery as a 1st lieutenant in 1894. He was sent to the Artillery School at Fort Monroe, Virginia in September 1896 and graduated in April 1898, at the outbreak of the Spanish–American War. As he was not immediately assigned, he watched as his classmates went off to various commands, and began fearing he would not see combat. In early May, that changed when he was offered to lead what later became known as the Astor Battery, named so because it was personally financed by John Jacob Astor IV. He organized, equipped and subsequently commanded the battery when it was sent to the Philippines during the Spanish–American War.Historian <mask> Adamson has written about Henry Bidwell Ely (Adamson's great grandfather) who was placed in charge of The Astor Battery by John Jacob Astor IV, to give <mask> whatever he needed. <mask> credited Ely as having "an open check book" to purchase uniforms, mules and the cannons. After the battery returned from the Philippines in 1899, <mask> was assigned as the aide to Major General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. during the Philippine–American War. Later that year he was promoted to major. He continued to serve in the Philippines, participated as part of General Loyd Wheaton's expedition in battles at San Fabian, Buntayan Bridge and San Jacinto. He commanded the U.S. forces in the Battle of Tirad Pass, 2 December 1899, where General Gregorio del Pilar was killed, and received the surrender of General Venacio <mask>, Chief of Staff to Philippine President Aguinaldo at Cayan, 5 December 1899. He served as provincial governor of districts including Lepanto-Bontoc and Ilocos Sur from February to June 1900, and then the Abra Province from June 1900 to February 1901.He then served as Commissary General of Prisoners for the Philippine Islands through 30 June 1901, when he mustered out of the U.S. Volunteers. In 1903, he was sent to Fort Riley and commanded the 19th Battery of the Field Artillery. Later that year, he was sent to Washington, D.C. and served on the newly created General Staff. From 21 March to 30 November 1904, <mask> was one of several American military attachés serving with the Imperial Japanese Army in the Russo-Japanese War. Of the seventeen military attachés observing both sides of the Russo-Japanese War for the United States, eight were later promoted to be generals. In 1907, <mask> commanded the 1st Battalion, 6th Field Artillery.<mask> then served as adjutant of Fort Riley, Kansas and then served as adjutant at several other commands, including at the War Department. In 1916, he was promoted to colonel and commanded the 8th Field Artillery Regiment on the Mexican border during the Pancho Villa Expedition. World War I and Chief of Staff In June 1917, shortly after the American entry into World War I, <mask> was promoted to brigadier general and commanded the 1st Field Artillery Brigade, 1st Division, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) and, accompanied by First Lieutenant Stanley E. Reinhart (later a major general in World War II) as his aide-de-camp, went to France with the 1st Division. Later that year, <mask> was promoted to major general and commanded the artillery units of the First United States Army and all non-divisional artillery units. In March 1918, he was recalled to Washington, took over as acting Army Chief of Staff on March 4 and was Army Chief of Staff on May 20, 1918. He was promoted to temporary general. Joseph M. Swing (a lieutenant general in World War II) was his new aide-de-camp.<mask> was highly critical of President Wilson's decision to send an American Expedition to North Russia and Siberia in 1918 during the Russian Civil War (the so-called Siberian Intervention) ostensibly to prop-up the White movement war effort, secure the railroads, support the Czech Legion trapped there, and stop the Japanese from exploiting the chaos in order to colonize Siberia. <mask> wrote after the pull-out of American forces in 1920: In 1919, <mask> was admitted as an honorary member of the Virginia Society of the Cincinnati. He served as Chief of Staff until June 30, 1921. As Chief of Staff he reorganized the Army structure, and abolished the distinctions between the Regular Army, the Army Reserves, and the Army National Guard during wartime. He created new technical branches in the service including the United States Army Air Corps, Chemical Warfare Service, Transportation Corps, and Tank Corps. He also centralized control over supply. After the war ended, he supervised the demobilization of the Army.As Chief of Staff he often came into disagreement with General John J. Pershing, who wanted to conduct the AEF as an independent command. <mask> was a highly efficient and capable administrator who did much to modernize the American Army and prepare it for combat in the First World War. Retirement and death <mask> retired as a major general in 1921 at the age of 56. In June 1930, <mask> was advanced to general on the retired list as the result of a law which enabled World War I generals to retire at the highest rank they had held. In December 1922, <mask> was elected honorary president of Delta Kappa Epsilon during the fraternity's 78th Annual Convention. After retirement, he travelled Europe, Africa and Turkey. In 1932, he published his war memoirs, The Nation at War.During World War II, reporters for Time and Life magazines regularly sought his opinions of events. He was a fan of the Washington Senators and regularly attended their home games. <mask> died at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center on April 13, 1955, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. In his funeral marched "the escort commander and his staff; the United States Army Band; one battalion of cadets from the US Military Academy; one company of infantry; one battery of field artillery; one company of armor; the U.S. Marine Band; one company of Marines; one company of bluejackets; one squadron of airmen; and one composite company of servicewomen." The estimated total strength of the military escort was 1,200 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines. At the grave "was a large group of military, civilian, and foreign dignitaries headed by Vice President Richard M. Nixon. Also in attendance were representatives of the Society of the Cincinnati, the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, and the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, to all of which General <mask> had belonged."Family March married <mask> (née Smith, 18 December 1862 – 18 November 1904), the widowed daughter of his battery commander, Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Smith, on July 4, 1891. She died in November 1904, while <mask> was still observing the Imperial Japanese Army. Between 28 November 1917 and 8 June 1918, their daughters Mildred (1893–1967), Josephine (1895–1972) and Vivian (1899–1932) had all married army officers, Josephine marrying <mask>'s aide-de-camp in World War I, Joseph M. Swing. Josephine had a twin brother, named <mask>. who died ten days after their birth. <mask>'s second son, also named <mask>., was killed in a plane crash in Texas during World War I. March AFB in Riverside, California was named in his honor. A third son, Lewis Alden <mask>, was born in 1904 and died in 1928.While traveling in Italy, he met <mask> McEntee (1897–1964), and married her in August 1923.

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Kang Seul-gi (; born February 10, 1994), known mononymously as Seulgi, is a South Korean singer and dancer. She is a member of the South Korean girl group Red Velvet and its sub-unit Red Velvet - Irene & Seulgi. She is also a member of South Korean supergroup Got the Beat. Life and career 1994–2014: Early life and career beginnings Kang Seul-gi was born on February 10, 1994, in Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Her family consists of her parents and an older brother. She studied in Ansan Byeolmang Middle School and attended School of Performing Arts Seoul. She can speak both Korean and Japanese.Kang began training in SM Entertainment in 2007. On December 2, 2013, she was one of the first three trainees introduced to the public through SM Entertainment's pre-debut project, SM Rookies, alongside now-NCT members Jeno and Taeyong. Various pre-debut clips of Seulgi were released by SM, one of which was a dance performance with Irene covering ‘Be Natural’, a song that was sung originally by S.E.S. In July 2014, she was featured in Henry Lau's song "Butterfly" from his second EP Fantastic. She also appeared in the music video of the single "Fantastic". On August 1, 2014, Kang made her official debut as a member of Red Velvet. 2015–present: Solo activities and sub-unit In January 2015, she starred in an SM Entertainment musical School Oz, playing the lead role of Dorothy.From April to May, she was part of the JTBC variety show Off to School. In July 2016, she released the song "Don't Push Me" with Wendy as part of the soundtrack of the KBS2 drama, Uncontrollably Fond. In October 2016, Seulgi appeared on King of Mask Singer as a contestant under the alias Cinema Heaven. On November 18, Seulgi sang "You, Just Like That" (그대는 그렇게), as the theme song of NCSoft's MMORPG Blade & Soul. The song was later officially released as digital single in 2017. On December 30, Seulgi with bandmate Wendy and other SM artists released a digital single titled "Sound of Your Heart" for SM Station. In January 2017, she released the song "You're the Only One I See" with Wendy as part of the soundtrack of the KBS2 drama, Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth.She released a duet titled "Darling U" with Super Junior's Yesung on January 22, as part of SM Station. In February 2017, <mask> and Hwang Chi-yeul collaborated for the song "Our Story", which serves as the final single track for Hwang's girl group duet project 'Fall, in girl'. In March 2017, Seulgi featured in NCT Mark's "Drop", an original song performed on High School Rapper, a survival hip hop reality TV show. <mask>, alongside six other female idols, was cast in Idol Drama Operation Team that was aired on May 29, 2017, wherein they created their own drama series, 'Let's Only Walk the Flower Road', by becoming accredited scriptwriters as well as acting in the series as fictional versions of themselves in a girl group. Their group, called 'Girls Next Door', also released the song "Deep Blue Eyes" and held their debut stage on July 14, 2017 at Music Bank. On October 27, she, along with Kangta and Wendy, released a remake of the 2001 song "인형 (Doll)" by Shinhwa's Shin Hye-sung and Lee Ji-hoon as part of the second season of the SM Station project. Its music video used footage from their live performance of the song at the SMTOWN LIVE TOUR V in JAPAN and was released on the same day.In the same month, she featured in a duet "Heart Stop" with Taemin of Shinee released on his second full Korean album, Move. In February 2018, <mask> was confirmed as part of the cast for Law of the Jungle in Mexico. In April, <mask> was also confirmed as part of the cast of JTBC new variety show Secret Unnie together with Sunmi. Seulgi was also featured on Moonbyul's solo debut single "Selfish", which was released on May 23, 2018. In June 2018, <mask> and Wendy was announced filming in Austria for Battle Trip’s special 100th episode themed ‘The Country I Want to Live in’, which first episode aired on July 21, 2018. In September 2018, she released a single "Wow Thing" as part of a mini group, Station Young, with (G)I-dle's Soyeon, GFriend's SinB, and solo artist Chungha. In October 2018, Seulgi was announced as cast of JTBC's new show Cool Kids, along with Yoo Jae-suk, Kim Shin-young, and other celebrity representatives.Each cast member was introduced with an aspect that is widely acknowledged about them, <mask> was the one on the "trend". On October 15, <mask> was featured on South Korean hip-hop and R&B artist Zion.T's single "Hello Tutorial", which peaked at number 2 on the Gaon Digital Chart. On February 12, 2019, Seulgi released “Always”, a ballad song about eternal love for the tvN drama The Crowned Clown. In November 2019, during their La Rouge concert in Seoul, Seulgi performed the song "Uncover", which was first revealed then for her solo stage. On April 20, 2020, SM confirmed that Seulgi, alongside member Irene, would form Red Velvet's first sub-unit. Red Velvet - Irene & Seulgi debuted on July 6 with the extended play Monster. This EP contained the full studio version of <mask>'s solo song "Uncover".She and Irene also starred in the spin-off version of their group's reality show the Level Up Project! On October 31, 2020, <mask> was one of the guests of Yoon Do-hyun of YB Band for his virtual Acoustic Forest tour. On November 23, 2020, <mask> was confirmed to debut as an art essay translator for the book series "Art Gallery By My Side: Love, Happiness, Sleep". On January 25, 2021, Seulgi was featured in the music video of TVXQ Yunho's "Eeny Meeny". On February 1, <mask> and rapper Bewhy's commercial MV for their Volkswagen "Born Confident" campaign was officially released online. On March 30, it was announced that <mask> will be featuring in one of Wendy's solo album debut tracks titled, "Best Friend", to be released on April 5, 2021. On April 2, it was announced that <mask> will co-host a web music program titled, The Wise Music Encyclopedia.On June 1, she also started hosting her own live show, Seulgi.zip, on Naver Now. On December 27, 2021, Seulgi was revealed as a member of supergroup Got the Beat alongside Red Velvet groupmate Wendy. The group debuted on January 3, 2022. Artistry Arts and photography In addition to being a skilled dancer and vocalist, <mask> is also recognized for her art and photography skills. Photos of her artworks have circulated on various online communities, with many viewers praising her work. In 2016, Seulgi was chosen as the honorary ambassador for the 18th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival to further help spread the festival's mission, which was to improve public awareness on animated films so students and lesser known artists in the field would gain more opportunities. In 2019, Seulgi lent her voice to serve as an audio guide during M. Chat exhibit of world class graffiti artists at Seoul Arts Center.L'Occitane collaborated with <mask> in 2019 for their 'City Palette' campaign. Through that brand's concept, Seulgi herself designed a city map, which later produced into eco bags that conveys the message of coloring the beauty of nature in cities that are losing charm due to pollution. Due to her love for arts, the Art Museum By My Side (2020) series project by Maronie Books was offered to her to translate. The book series is a collection of 35 artworks for each theme: Love, Happiness, Sleep. Seulgi's translation of the book, originally in English by Shana Gozansky, presents both the original text and Seulgi's own feelings and interpretations. She also personally picked her favorite artworks and wrote her own thoughts and feelings. The series aims to serve as guide to those people who usually find it difficult to enjoy art due to lack of professional knowledge.Fashion Seulgi is also recognized for her fashion sense. Her casual yet chic and trendy attires made her an emerging leader in casual fashion, and a reference for MZ generation. Her influence was often highlighted on the rise of minimalist fashion trend among Koreans in their 20s and 30s. In her show Seulgi.zip, which is mainly a fashion-themed program, she would talk about fashion items, style points, and favorite styles with her guests, and would give advice to her listeners too. She has also proven her influence as a fashion icon in the global fashion world when she became the first K-pop star to be selected as a global ambassador for Italian luxury brand Salvatore Ferragamo. A representative of the brand said that they selected her in anticipation of even greater synergy with her for being a fashion icon, a globally popular kpop-star, and an influential entertainer who shows outstanding performances in various ways. Public image and influence Seulgi is known as an all-rounder artist through her performances and artworks.Brands often cite her positive vibes, creativity, passion for her craft, and her unique sensibility and style on why they choose her to represent them— a cultural icon supported by millennials. In Gallup Korea's Idol Preference poll (before it was discontinued in 2020), Seulgi ranked as one of the topmost popular idols, both in 2018 and 2019. She had also topped the monthly ‘Individual Girl Group Members Brand Power Ranking’ published by the Korean Corporate Reputation Research Institute a couple of times. In a survey among soldiers doing mandatory military service in South Korea in 2019, Seulgi ranked as the fourth most popular female K-pop idol. Seulgi is also well-loved by Korea Queer Women Community, consistently ranking on the top of the annual poll, due to her girl crush image. Other ventures Endorsements Aside from various endorsements with her bandmates, Seulgi became ambassadors of known big brands. On March 21, 2018, Seulgi was picked to model Nike's collection for South Korea national football team - The Red Devils 2018 Collection.Since August 2018, <mask> has been the face of Converse Korea, becoming their first female brand ambassador. Starting with the 'One Star Campaign' under the slogan 'no one can evaluate me', <mask> and Converse have campaigned for support on one's own values and standards. On December 23, 2019, she was announced, alongside with Park Bo-gum, as the face for Coca-Cola's 2020 campaign 'Little Big Moments'. On December 26, L'Occitane posted their new campaign that featured Seulgi, and two other artists, art director Cha In-cheol and illustrator Kim Se-dong. Seulgi is an ambassador for L'Occitane x OMY's 'City Palette' campaign for their shea butter hand cream. In January 2021, Seulgi became the new ambassador of Volkswagen. She is the face of a new campaign for their new T-Roc model, and promotes it with an original jingle and music video for their slogan 'Born Confident'.On February 24, <mask> was officially announced as South Korea's brand ambassador of the Italian luxury brand Salvatore Ferragamo through her photoshoot with Harper's Bazaar; and was later on announced on June 29 as their global brand ambassador through their shoe capsule collection campaign, 'Let's Dance'. On April 29, Seulgi was announced as the newest model for cosmetics brand AMUSE. Discography Filmography Film Television series Television shows Web shows Radio shows Music videos Theatre Awards and nominations Notes References External links Official website Red Velvet (group) members South Korean female idols 1994 births Living people SM Rookies members South Korean guitarists People from Seoul South Korean women pop singers South Korean female models South Korean television personalities South Korean dance musicians South Korean musical theatre actresses 21st-century South Korean women singers

Jean Tirole

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<mask> (born 9 August 1953) is a French professor of economics at Toulouse 1 Capitole University. He focuses on industrial organization, game theory, banking and finance, and economics and psychology. In 2014 he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his analysis of market power and regulation. Education <mask> received engineering degrees from the École Polytechnique in Paris in 1976, and from the École nationale des ponts et chaussées in 1978. He graduated as a member of the elite Corps of Bridges, Waters and Forests. <mask> pursued graduate studies at the Paris Dauphine University and was awarded a DEA degree in 1976 and a Doctorat de troisième cycle in decision mathematics in 1978. In 1981, he received a Ph.D. in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his thesis titled Essays in economic theory, under the supervision of Eric Maskin.Career <mask> is chairman of the board of the Jean-Jacques Laffont Foundation at the Toulouse School of Economics, and scientific director of the Industrial Economics Institute (IDEI) at Toulouse 1 University Capitole. After receiving his doctorate from MIT in 1981, he worked as a researcher at the École nationale des ponts et chaussées until 1984. From 1984–1991, he worked as Professor of Economics at MIT. His work by 1988 helped to define modern industrial organization theory by organising and synthesising the main results of the game-theory revolution vis-à-vis understanding of non-competitive markets. From 1994 to 1996 he was a professor of economics at the École Polytechnique. <mask> was involved with <mask> Laffont in the project of creating a new School of Economics in Toulouse. He is Engineer General of the Corps of Bridges, Waters and Forest, serving as Chair of the Board of the Toulouse School of Economics, Visiting Professor at MIT and Professor "cumulant" at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales since 1995.He was president of the Econometric Society in 1998 and of the European Economic Association in 2001. Around this time, he was able to determine a way to calculate the optimal prices for the regulation of natural monopolies and wrote a number of articles about the regulation of capital markets—with a focus on the differential of control between decentralised lenders and the centralised control of bank management. <mask> has been a member of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques since 2011, the Conseil d'analyse économique since 2008 and the Conseil stratégique de la recherché since 2013. In the early 2010s, he showed that banks generally tend to take short-term risks and recommended a change in quantitative easing towards a more quality-based market stimulation policy. Contributions to economics Tirole's textbook, The Theory of Industrial Organization, synthesised modern models of oligopolistic competition, analysing various cases where industries consist of a small number of firms with significant market power. He and Oliver Hart published a paper showing the conditions in which a vertical merger can result in foreclosure. Rochet and Tirole analysed the implications of 2-sided markets for competition policy.Fudenberg and Tirole also created a taxonomy of strategic effects in oligopolistic competition models. Awards <mask> was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2014 for his analysis of market power and the regulation of natural monopolies. <mask> received doctorates honoris causa from the Université libre de Bruxelles in 1989, the London Business School and the University of Montreal in 2007, the University of Mannheim in 2011, the Athens University of Economics and Business and the University of Rome Tor Vergata in 2012 as well as the University of Lausanne in 2013. <mask> also received the inaugural BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Economics, Finance and Management category in 2008, the Public Utility Research Center Distinguished Service Award (University of Florida) in 1997, and the Yrjö Jahnsson Award of the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation and the European Economic Association in 1993. He is a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1993) and of the American Economic Association (1993). He has also been a Sloan Fellow (1985) and a Guggenheim Fellow (1988). He was a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1986 and an Economic Theory Fellow (Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory) in 2011.In 2013 <mask> was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 2007 he was awarded the highest award (the Gold Medal or médaille d'or) of the French CNRS. In 2008, he received the Prix du Cercle d'Oc; in 2009, he received an Outstanding Contributions to the Profession Award (International Association for Energy Economics); in 2010, he was granted the Chicago Mercantile Exchange – Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (CME-MSRI) prize in Innovative Quantitative Innovations in Finance, the Tjalling Koopmans Asset Award (Tilburg University), and the "Prix Claude Levi-Strauss". He is among the most influential economists in the world according to IDEAS/RePEc. Besides his numerous academic distinctions, he was the recipient of the Gold Medal of the city of Toulouse in 2007, a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur since 2007 and an Officer in the Ordre national du Mérite since 2010. Publications <mask> has published about 200 professional articles in economics and finance, as well as 10 books, including The Theory of Industrial Organization, Game Theory (with Drew Fudenberg), A Theory of Incentives in Procurement and Regulation (with <mask> Laffont), The Prudential Regulation of Banks (with Mathias Dewatripont), Competition in Telecommunications (with <mask> Laffont), Financial Crises, Liquidity, and the International Monetary System, and The Theory of Corporate Finance. His research covers industrial organization, regulation, game theory, public economics, banking and finance, psychology and economics, international finance and macroeconomics.Books Dynamic Models of Oligopoly (with D. Fudenberg), 1986. The Theory of Industrial Organization, MIT Press, 1988. Description and chapter-preview links. Dynamic Models of Oligopoly (avec Drew Fudenberg, Harwood Academic Publishers GMbH, 1986. Game Theory (with D. Fudenberg), MIT Press, 1991. A Theory of Incentives in Regulation and Procurement (with J.-J. Laffont), MIT Press,1993.Description & chapter-preview links. The Prudential Regulation of Banks (with M. Dewatripont), MIT Press,1994. Competition in Telecommunications, MIT Press, 1999. Financial Crises, Liquidity and the International Monetary System, Princeton University Press, 2002. The Theory of Corporate Finance, Princeton University Press, 2005. Description. Association of American Publishers 2006 Award for Excellence.Balancing the Banks (with Mathias Dewatripont, and <mask> Rochet), Princeton University Press, 2010. Inside and Outside Liquidity (with Bengt Holmström), MIT Press, 2011. Théorie de l'organisation industrielle, Economica, 2015 Économie du bien commun, Presses universitaires de France, 2016 References External links Personal info and curriculum vitae on the IDEI website Bibliography Biography BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards Econ Focus interview, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Fourth Quarter 2017 |- 1953 births Living people People from Troyes French economists Nobel laureates in Economics Corporate finance theorists Financial economists Game theorists Information economists Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur French Nobel laureates Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Sloan Fellows Fellows of the Econometric Society Presidents of the Econometric Society MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni École Polytechnique alumni Corps des ponts Paris Dauphine University alumni École Polytechnique faculty Toulouse School of Economics faculty Officers of the National Order of Merit (France) Labor economists 20th-century economists 21st-century economists Nancy L. Schwartz Memorial Lecture speakers Fellows of the European Economic Association

Rhyno Smith

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<mask> (born 11 February 1993) is a South African professional rugby union player for the Benetton in Pro14. He usually plays as a fullback, but can also play as a fly-half or winger. Rugby career Leopards / NWU Pukke 2012 season <mask> was born and grew up in Paarl in the Western Cape, but never earned a provincial call-up while at high school level. Upon finishing school, he moved to Potchefstroom where he joined the academy. He was included in the squad that participated in the 2012 Under-19 Provincial Championship, making ten appearances and scoring 38 points for his side that finished in fifth position on the log. He scored three tries during the competition in matches against on his debut, against in his second match and against . 2013 season <mask> made twelve appearances for the squad in the 2013 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 33 points for his side, including tries in matches against and , but again missed out on the play-offs, with the team finishing in sixth place on the log.2014 season <mask> was included in the university team 's squad for the 2014 Varsity Cup and was named in the matchday squad for all nine of their matches, but made just two starts and five appearances as a replacement. His side finished top of the log to qualify for the semi-finals. <mask> scored just two points throughout the season, but it proved to be absolutely vital, as he kicked a last-minute penalty in their match against in the semi-final in a 19–18 victory. He was an unused replacement in the final, which won in dramatic fashion as they fought back from 33–15 down with five minutes to go to achieve a 39–33 victory. In the second half of 2014, <mask> returned to the squad for their 2014 Under-21 Provincial Championship campaign. He started their first eight matches of the competition, scoring 87 points to make him the Leopards' top scorer during the competition and the fifth top scorer overall. His points tally consisted of hat-tricks of tries in their matches against and , a brace of tries against , three further tries in matches against Sharks U21, and and 32 points with the boot.He missed the team's run-in to the season after being promoted to the senior team, playing in the 2014 Currie Cup First Division. He made his senior debut in their third-last match of the regular season against the in Welkom, coming on as a replacement during their 31–37 defeat. He was promoted to the starting line-up for their second match against the in East London and also scored his first senior try in the 17th minute of a match that finished 34–19 to the visitors after a floodlight failure forced the game to be abandoned after 58 minutes. He played his first full match the following week, kicking five conversions in a 50–29 victory over the , a result that saw the Leopards finish top of the log to qualify for the semi-finals. They faced the Falcons for the second consecutive week in their semi-final encounter; <mask> scored two first-half tries, but it was not enough for the home side, as the Falcons avenged their defeat from a week earlier to win 31–24, eliminating the Leopards from the competition. 2015 season <mask> firmly established himself in the team for the 2015 Varsity Cup, starting all nine of their matches. He scored tries in their matches against , , and during the regular season, helping them qualify for a play-off spot by finishing in fourth position on the log.<mask>'s three penalties and one conversion proved crucial in their semi-final match against as they won 29–28 to qualify for their second successive final. However, as in 2014, <mask> find himself on the losing side in the final, as Bloemfontein-based university easily won 63–33 in the final. In total, <mask> scored 101 points during the competition to finish as the overall top scorer. He was named the Player That Rocks for the competition and also included in a Varsity Cup Dream Team that was named at the conclusion of the season. <mask> scored a try (which was later nominated as the try of the season) and kicked a conversion in the Dream Team's defeat to the South Africa Under-20s as the latter prepared for the 2015 World Rugby Under 20 Championship. <mask> then featured in two Vodacom Cup matches for the , scoring one try in their 22–47 defeat to . He appeared in all six of their matches during the 2015 Currie Cup qualification series, scoring four tries – one against the and and a brace against the .The Leopards fell just short of qualifying for the 2015 Currie Cup Premier Division, finishing a single point behind Griquas, qualifying for the First Division instead. With the Leopards' only defeat in the qualification series to Griquas being expunged from their record in the First Division, the team won their remaining five matches to finish with a 100% record, winning all ten of their matches. <mask> remained a key part of this success, starting all their remaining matches in the season, scoring 25 points, which included tries against the Boland Cavaliers, and the . He scored a fourth try in their semi-final match against the Falcons, avenging their defeat to the same opposition at this stage in 2014, before helping the team to a 44–20 victory over the in the final to win the First Division title for the first time in their history. <mask> was nominated for First Division Player of the Year after his performances and won the award at a ceremony in early 2016. 2016 season As in the previous two seasons, <mask> started 2016 by playing Varsity Cup rugby for NWU Pukke. He started all nine of their matches, scoring 73 points, the third-highest points total in the competition.He was now firmly established as the side's first-choice kicker, with all his points coming with the boot. He helped the Pukke finish in third place on the log in a competition marred by on-campus violence and match postponements. <mask> scored 19 points with the boot as Pukke qualified for their third consecutive final, beating 35–7 in Johannesburg. After two consecutive final defeats, the NWU Pukke won the Varsity Cup title for the first time after beating 7–6 in the final, with <mask> emerging as the match-winner, converting a Marno Redelinghuys try scored some ten minutes into injury time at the end of the match. Right after the conclusion of the Varsity Cup, <mask> again linked up with the for their 2016 Currie Cup qualification campaign. He started nine matches, scoring 136 points – the second-most behind fly-half George Whitehead – for the Leopards in the competition before linking up with the Sharks' Super Rugby squad. However, he could not help the Leopards to qualify for the 2016 Currie Cup Premier Division by finishing in the top three non-franchise teams, with the team instead qualifying for the First Division, where they could attempt to defend their title.Sharks In 2016, <mask> was included in the ' squad for their 2016 Super Rugby match against the . He made his Super Rugby debut ten minutes into the second half, replacing fullback Odwa Ndungane in a 10–37 defeat in Johannesburg. Cheetahs From 2018 to 2020, <mask> was included in the squad for Pro 14 team as well as Super Rugby Unlocked in the end of 2020. He played also the Currie Cup with until January 2021. Rugby international career In 2018 <mask> was named in the South Africa Sevens squad for the 2018 Hong Kong Sevens. References South African rugby union players Living people 1993 births Sportspeople from Paarl Rugby union fly-halves Rugby union wings Rugby union fullbacks Leopards (rugby union) players Sharks (rugby union) players Sharks (Currie Cup) players Cheetahs (rugby union) players Free State Cheetahs players Benetton Rugby players

George Van Horn Moseley

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<mask> (September 28, 1874 – November 7, 1960) was a United States Army general. Following his retirement in 1938, he became controversial for his fiercely anti-immigrant and antisemitic views. Early life and career <mask> was born in Evanston, Illinois, on September 28, 1874. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1899 and was commissioned second lieutenant in the cavalry. He served in the Philippines twice, from 1900 to 1903 and 1906 to 1907, where his assignments included commanding a troop of the 1st Cavalry and serving as Aide-de-Camp to Generals J. M. Bell and J. M. Lee. In 1901 Moseley, accompanied by only one other officer, without escort and under conditions of great danger, penetrated a major Philippine insurgent stronghold. 2nd Lt. <mask> and 1st Lt. <mask> convinced Brigadier General Ludovico Arejola to sign the peace agreement in Taban, Minalabac (Philippines) on 25 March 1901.The honor graduate of the Army School of the Line in 1908, <mask> also graduated from the Army Staff College in 1909 and the Army War College in 1911. During World War I, <mask> served as assistant chief of staff for logistics (G-4) on the staff of the American Expeditionary Force headquarters. Moseley married Mrs. Florence DuBois in July 1930. Moseley held camp and Washington assignments from 1920–1929. He was a member of several important commissions, including the Harbord Commission to investigate Armenian issues. After commanding the Second Field Artillery Brigade, in 1921 he was detailed as assistant to General Dawes in organizing the newly created Bureau of the Budget. In 1921 he was promoted brigadier general, Regular Army.Commanding the 1st Cavalry Division (1927–1929), he successfully interceded, under fire, with principals in a 1929 Mexican insurrection. His actions stopped stray gunfire from Juarez, Mexico, from endangering life and property in adjacent El Paso, Texas, and precluded further incidents. In 1931 he was promoted major general, Regular Army. Senior assignments <mask> was the executive for the Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to 1930 and Deputy Chief of Staff of Army from 1930 to 1933. He served as General Douglas MacArthur's Deputy Chief of Staff during the 1932 Bonus March on Washington, D.C., in the course of which he recorded his fears of a Communist conspiracy against the United States and his identification of Jews with radicals and undesirables. He wrote in a private letter: In 1934, Moseley asked MacArthur to consider the immigration issue in terms of military manpower, contrasting a group of "southern lads" of "good Anglo-Saxon stock" with their counterparts from the North with names "difficult to pronounce" that "indicated foreign blood". Moseley linked the latter to labor problems and "so much trouble in our schools and colleges."MacArthur expressed skepticism in response to <mask>'s argument that "It is a question of whether or not the old blood that built this fine nation ... is to continue to administer that nation, or whether that old stock is going to be destroyed or bred out by a lot of foreign blood which the melting pot has not touched." <mask> was Commanding General of the 5th Corps Area, from 1933 to 1934 and 4th Corps Area from 1934 to 1936. His final assignment was as commander of the Third United States Army from 1936 to 1938. Controversy While still on active service, <mask> expressed controversial opinions in public. In 1936, he proposed that the Civilian Conservation Corps be expanded "to take in every 18-year-old youth in the country for a six-month course in work, education and military training." In the late 1930s, when admitting refugees from Nazi persecution was a matter of national controversy, <mask> supported admitting refugees but added the proviso "that they all be sterilized before being permitted to embark. Only that way can we properly protect our future."Retirement <mask> retired from the Army in October 1938 with a statement that described the New Deal as a growing dictatorship: "We do not have to vote for a dictatorship to have one in America ... We have merely to vote increased government responsibility for our individual lives, increased government authority over our daily habits, and the resultant Federal paternalism will inevitably become dictatorship." Secretary of War Harry Woodring called his statement "flagrantly disloyal." In April 1939 he attacked Jews and said that he foresaw a war fought for their benefit. He attacked President Franklin D. Roosevelt for appointing Felix Frankfurter to the U.S. Supreme Court. He predicted that the U.S. army would not follow the orders of FDR's leftist Administration if they "violate all American tradition." He described fascism and nazism as good "antitoxins" for the United States, adding that "the finest type of Americanism can breed under their protection as they neutralize the efforts of the Communists." <mask> understood that as a retired general, he remained subject to the War Department's jurisdiction, writing to a friend: "“The only good I can do now is in keeping up quite a large correspondence with men who are in a position to influence public affairs.The enemy has completely silenced me, and I am handicapped, as I am still a Government official.". Moseley also tried to lobby the New York National Guard adjutant to "cleanse" the state forces of all Jews and persons of color. Time reported his view that "more money should be spent on syphilis prevention and less on national defense" Two months after leaving the military, he questioned the President's proposed increases in military spending: "Much of our present weakness is in the fear and hysteria being engendered among the American people for ... political purpose. ... A nation so scared and so burdened financially is not in a condition to lick anybody. And then, who in hell are we afraid of? With Japan absorbed ... with the balance of power so nearly equal in Europe, where is there an ounce of naval or military strength free to threaten us?" He became increasingly more outspoken and instead of the language of Social Darwinism expressed anti-Semitic and conspiratorial views overtly.In Philadelphia, he told the National Defense Meeting that Jewish bankers had financed the Russian Revolution and that "The war now proposed is for the purposes of establishing Jewish hegemony throughout the world." He said that Jews controlled the media and might soon control the federal government. In June 1939, <mask> testified for five hours before the House Un-American Activities Committee. He said that a Jewish Communist conspiracy was about to seize control of the U.S. government. He believed the President had the authority to counteract the planned coup and could do so "in five minutes" by issuing an order "to discharge every Communist in the government and everyone giving aid and comfort to the Communists." He said the President could use the army against "the enemy within our gates" but did not seem willing to do so. He said he held no anti-Semitic views and that "the Jew is an internationalist first ... and a patriot second."He praised the "impressively patriotic" German-American Bund and said its purpose was to "see that Communists don't take over the country." Among Moseley's supporters who attended the hearing were Donald Shea, head of the American Gentile League and James True of America First Inc. The Committee found a prepared statement he read into the record so objectionable it was deleted from the public record. A few days later, Thomas E. Stone, head of the Council of United States Veterans, accused Moseley of treason and wrote that his praise of the Bund "abets a foreign government in the preparation of disruption against the eventuality of possible future hostilities, and that this he is acting in treason to our national safety." <mask> held anti-immigrant views throughout his life. In his unpublished autobiography, he quoted approvingly from Madison Grant's The Passing of the Great Race. He used the language of Social Darwinism to describe the problem the United States faced: <mask> described the Jew as a permanent "human outcast."They were "crude and unclean, animal-like things ... something loathsome, such as syphilis." Following the Nazi invasion of France he wrote that in order to match the Nazi threat, the U.S. needed to launch a program of "selective breeding, sterilization, the elimination of the unfit, and the elimination of those types which are inimical to the general welfare of the nation." In December 1941, <mask> wrote that Europe's Jews were "receiving their just punishment for the crucifixion of Christ ... whom they are still crucifying at every turn of the road." He proposed a "worldwide policy which will result in bleeding all Jewish blood out of the human race." Shortly after the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, <mask> wrote to former president Herbert Hoover alleging that a conspiracy of the British government and Jews in the United States goaded Japan to make war on the United States. In 1947, <mask> said of his years as a West Point cadet, "there was one Jew in my class, a very undesirable creature, who was soon eliminated." In the 1950s he became a critic of the Eisenhower Administration and championed the rehabilitation of convicted Nazi war criminal, Karl Doenitz.In 1951, the president of Piedmont College in Georgia invited <mask> to speak. Students and faculty protested because of his racist views. TIME called him a "trumpeter for Aryan supremacy." One faculty member was fired for speaking in opposition to the speaking engagement. Calls for the president's resignation followed. Almost the entire faculty and 9 trustees resigned in the next two years and enrollment fell by two thirds. In 1959, <mask> was one of the founders of Americans for Constitutional Action, an anti-Semitic successor to America First.In retirement <mask> lived at the Atlanta Biltmore Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia. He died on November 7, 1960. Although he had disappeared from the public's view, he continued to influence a generation of other officers, including Albert Wedemeyer who shared similar bigoted beliefs. According to Professor Joshua Kastenberg at the University of New Mexico, prior to the January 6, 2021 insurrection in Washington D.C., <mask> was the most extreme example of a retired officer seeking to subvert the Constitution. Awards Moseley's awards included the Army Distinguished Service Medal (one oak leaf cluster); Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium); Companion of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom); Commander of the Legion of Honor and Croix de Guerre with Palm (France); and Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy. He was also a recipient of the Philippine Campaign Medal, Mexican Service Medal and the World War I Victory Medal. Family <mask> had three sons.He married Alice Dodds in 1902 and married Florence DuBois in July 1930. Alice was mother to George & Francis, Florence was mother to James. Colonel <mask> <mask> Jr. led the 502d Parachute Infantry Regiment into Normandy in 1944. Francis L<mask> was an inventor and Vice President at the Hewlett-Packard Company. James W<mask> was a longstanding figure in the UFO enthusiast community. Notes Sources Bendersky, Joseph W., The Jewish Threat (Basic Books, 2002) James, D. Clayton, The Years of MacArthur, vol. 1: 1880–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970) Smith, Richard Norton, An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover (NY: Simon & Schuster, 1981, ) Weintraub, Stanley, 15 Stars: Eisenhower, MacArthur, Marshall, Three Generals Who Saved the American Century (NY: Simon & Schuster, 2007, ) Kastenberg, Joshua E., The Crisis of June 202: The Case of the Retired General and Admirals and the Clarion Calls of their Critics in Lex Non Scripta (Historic) Perspective, 99 University of Nebraska Law Review, 594, 610 (2021) External links United States Third Army biography <mask> <mask>seley papers at Library of Congress Finding Aid 1874 births 1960 deaths American conspiracy theorists American white supremacists Anti-immigration politics in the United States Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) Military personnel from Illinois Old Right (United States) People from Evanston, Illinois Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) United States Army generals of World War I United States Army generals United States Army War College alumni United States Military Academy alumni American anti-communists

Henry Bloom Noble

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<mask> JP (18 June 1816 – 2 May 1903) was a Cumbrian-born philanthropist and businessman who at the time of his death was the richest resident of the Isle of Man. <mask> bequeathed a large amount of his vast fortune to the people of the Isle of Man, resulting in numerous civic amenities such as recreation grounds, swimming baths, a library and a hospital. Biography Early life <mask> was born in the village of Clifton, Westmorland (now part of Cumbria) on 18 June 1816, the first son of <mask> and Mary (née <mask>). It is said that he came from a poor failed farming family, his father finding work as a customs official. Business Wine & Spirits His first connection with Douglas was due to his association with Alexander Spittall, father of James Spittall, a Douglas advocate. The elder Spittall was a wine and spirits merchant, whose principal place of business was Whitehaven, Cumbria, although he had a branch established in Douglas. <mask> was employed by Spittall as a clerk, rising to the position of manager in 1835 following which he moved to Douglas with his mother.The <mask>s took residence in a house belonging to Spittall on the south side of St Barnabas' Square. <mask> did not stay in the employ of Spittall for very much longer, but set up in the wine and spirits business on his own behalf; his first shop was on Fleetwood Corner. <mask> is said to have made his first money whilst still in the employ of Alexander Spittall, by speculating in the shares of the Great Laxey Mine. He continued his wholesale wine and spirits business and supplemented this by the sale of seeds and other commodities for farmers. He then opened a timber yard at the corner of the Lake under Bank's Hill. In time he transferred his wine and spirits business to premises in St George's St (now occupied by Joseph Bucknall & Sons) and had his saw pits and timber yard in the large area between Hill St and Mytle St, in the area where St Mary's Church now stands; the whole block at that time belonged to <mask>. Large profits were generated from both these concerns, and this led <mask> to invest in shipping.Shipping The first ship he owned was named Jane and Agnes, and the next the Rebecca and Maria, said to have been two of the finest and smartest schooners operating from Douglas. He used the ships in two ways: in connection with his own business and those of other charterers of the Port of Douglas; they were also put to work for the Great Laxey Mining Company. Isle of Man Steam Packet Company By the 1880s <mask> had also become a major shareholder in the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, serving on the Board of Directors and being appointed Chairman. However his vision for the company, which would have seen the introduction of fast screw-driven steamers from the 1880s, was in opposition to the rest of the board who favoured paddle-driven ships. This largely brought about his resignation, however by the turn of the century it was clear that <mask>'s vision was the way forward. After resigning from the board, <mask> did not desert the company altogether, but offered financial assistance to help the company to compete in a price war with the Isle of Man, Liverpool and Manchester Steamship Company. He advanced at short notice a loan of £20,000 (£2,500,000 as of 2018).The security was a mortgage on the company, which was paid off in a short time, following the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company's acquisition of the Isle of Man, Liverpool and Manchester Steamship Company in 1888. Utility companies In the 1840s the town of Douglas was beginning to experience an influx of tourists, which led to a boom by the turn of the century. <mask> helped the town to development infrastructure to accommodate this. He invested in the Douglas Gas Light Company and was one of the founders of the Douglas Water Works Company: he was appointed Chairman, a post he held until the company was acquired by the Douglas Town Commissioners for the huge figure of £144,000 (equivalent to £18.3 million in 2018). A certain amount of skulduggery surrounds the transaction of the money. <mask> was one of the founders of the Isle of Man Bank, and at the time of the purchase of the Douglas Water Works Company, the Town Commissioners banked their money with Dumbell's Bank. <mask> refused a cheque drawn on Dumbell's Bank, but insisted on cash.Without the required cash at hand, the Town Treasurer was required to make provision partly in gold, with the balance made up of Bank of England notes. On the day of the transaction the gold was brought to the offices of the company and weighed, and the notes were counted. All duly accounted for, the receipt was signed by <mask> and his co-directors. Had the money not been forthcoming on the specific day, a penalty clause would have been enacted increasing the consideration by £5,000 (£630,000 as of 2018) with a further penalty of £5,000 ten days later, and so on. There was quite an outcry from Dumbell's Bank concerning <mask>'s behaviour, being seen as an unjustifiable attempt to reduce confidence in the bank. However given what later happened to Dumbell's Bank, it may be seen that <mask> was aware of how matters stood at Dumbell's. Banking Isle of Man Bank Following the passing of the Companies Act 1865 on the Isle of Man, <mask>, together with William Moore, Samuel Harris and William Callister founded the Isle of Man Bank that October.<mask> served as a director of the bank until he retired as a consequence of his health in the late 1890s. Property <mask> worked in conjunction with Governor Loch on the construction of Victoria Street, then the main thoroughfare of Douglas. His astute vision led him to acquire many of the most desirable building plots in the town. He was also one of the proprietors of the Castle Mona Estate, which was sold to a syndicate for £80,000 (£10,100,000 as of 2018). The property was the former Isle of Man residence of the Dukes of Atholl. Before 1850 Queen Victoria proposed buying it as a more suitable royal residence than Osborne House. In 1868 <mask> bought the Villa Marina which at that time was rented by the Isle of Man Government as the residence of the Lieutenant Governor, Francis Pigott.<mask> purchased the estate in its entirety from Frances Dutton for the sum of £7,500 (£822,500 as of 2018). It is said many people scoffed at the amount which <mask> had paid, scornfully predicting that he would in no way recover the amount he had invested. However the value went up as a result of the increasing affluence of the town, to such a degree that in 1898 <mask> refused an offer of £120,000 (£15,200,000 as of 2018). Upon his death the Villa Marina was bequeathed to the town of Douglas. <mask>'s last open property purchase was that of the former residence of Colonel Shum for the sum of £5,400, on land where today the Sefton Hotel and the Gaiety Theatre stand. The local Hospital Committee had earmarked the land for a hospital site, but <mask>, as the chief owner of property in the proximity, thwarted this attempt. In less than five years <mask> had sold the site for £15,000 the site undergoing development.Personal life Because of <mask>'s business dealings it was inevitable that he attracted the ire of others, being accused of sharp practice on more than one occasion. <mask>'s only known relative was a young man named Mason. Said to have been a great favourite of his, he had stayed with him on the Isle of Man several times. It is said he went to sea, and was drowned. He was a staunch churchgoer, said to be of the evangelical type and together with his wife he would attend St George's Church, Douglas. The stained glass windows in the church's east end, said to be the finest of their type on the Isle of Man, were erected by him in the mid 1860s at a cost of £600 (£73,000 as of 2018). In 1885 <mask> became the Captain of the Parish of Lonan, Isle of Man a position he held until his death.Marriage In April 1862 <mask> married Rebecca Thompson, and granddaughter of Calcott Heywood who had been a Captain in the Manx Fencibles. They lived initially at the corner of Hope Street and Peel Road, until <mask> bought the Villa Marina which was to become their home. The marriage produced no children. Mrs <mask> is also remembered as a great benefactor to poor people, a specific legacy from her being the founding of the Douglas Orphanage, a plight which was said to be particularly close to her heart. Death <mask> died at the Villa Marina on 2 May 1903, having been predeceased by his wife. His funeral took place on Wednesday 6 May, his body being interred with that of his wife in a grave in the north corner of Braddan Cemetery. Charitable bequests <mask>'s legacy is one of immense generosity to the Isle of Man, particularly its capital, Douglas.Some of the beneficiaries of the munificence of <mask> include: Noble's Hospital Noble's Park Ramsey Cottage Hospital Knockaloe Farm Villa Marina St Ninian's Church Noble's Baths Douglas Soup Dispensary The Henry Bloom Noble Trust is one of the longest established charities on the Isle of Man, having originally been established in 1888 as the Trustees of Noble's Isle of Man Hospital and Dispensary; the first trustees were the Lord Bishop, John Bardsley, and the Clerk of the Rolls, Sir Alured Dumbell. Following <mask>'s death the trust became a statutory body in 1909; and in 2003 was renamed the Henry Bloom Noble Trust. In addition the Henry Bloom Noble Scholarship Trust provides funding for Manx students to complete their education at a university in the United Kingdom. Numerous other bequests have benefited the Isle of Man. Amongst these were £10,000 for the construction of St Ninian's Church Douglas; Ramsey Cottage Hospital; £5,000 for nursing home accommodation; and bequests to a large number of charities, including the Church Missionary Society and the British and Foreign Bible Society. Provision was also made by the trustees of the fund for the maintenance of a nurse in the parish of Lonan. <mask> was also a chief contributor to the voluntarily supported home for the aged poor, more formally referred to as the House of Industry, and for many years he supplied those in residence with their Christmas dinner.In addition there were bequests to infirmaries in Liverpool and Cumberland and a fund was set up to supply district nurses to be trained in Liverpool before returning to the Isle of Man. A tuberculosis sanatorium in Norfolk where people from the Isle of Man received care also was a beneficiary. Noble's Hospital Before the 1880s the Isle of Man had suffered from the lack of a properly equipped and modern hospital; this was of particular concern to <mask>. Until then, the island's only hospital was the fever hospital in Fort Street. Having thwarted the intention of the Isle of Man's Hospital Committee to erect a hospital on land which he had purchased, <mask> let it be known that not only would he donate land for a hospital, but he would pay for building it. <mask> bequeathed land she owned in the vicinity of what is now Crellin's Hill in 1885, and having unveiled the foundation stone she oversaw the initial construction of the hospital, although she died before its completion. Today the building which was the original Noble's Hospital houses the Manx Museum.The hospital, with the extension to Clifton House, for a nurse residence, cost <mask> over £10,000 (£1,250,000 as of 2018) not including the land. The original Noble's Hospital was replaced by a newer and much larger hospital, situated on land owned by <mask> and which was located on what became the Westmorland Road, Douglas (named after the county of his birth), which opened in 1913. It was superseded by the present Noble's Hospital which opened in July 2003. Noble's Park Purchased in 1909 with money from the Noble Trust, Noble's Park and Recreation Grounds provide the major recreational grounds in Douglas. The first sustained, powered and controlled flight on the Isle of Man took off in July 1911 from Noble's Park, a Farnham biplane piloted by Claude Graham-White. Noble's Baths In December 1906 at a special meeting of Douglas Town Council, an application was made to the Trustees of Noble's will pointing out the desirability of the provision of public swimming baths, and requesting if they would be prepared to make provision for the same, pointing out that the Corporation had had an offer of the baths situated in Victoria St, Douglas, together with adjacent recreational venues. A council committee approached the owners finally agreeing on a purchase price of £8,750 (£1,023,000 as of 2018).In addition the Borough Surveyor had costed the amount required to put the baths into working order and condition to be £1,000 (£118,000 as of 2018). In response, John Clarke, Secretary of the Trustees, wrote to the council advising that the Trustees were willing to make a bequest of £10,000 (£1,169,000 as of 2018), citing that the acquisition of the Victoria St baths would be of immense benefit to the town of Douglas, however citing the following proviso: That the baths be called the Henry Bloom Noble Public Baths All rents from properties let, and monies received from the bathers, to be expended in the maintenance of the premises, and all profits to be expended improving the baths Arrangements to be made for free swimming classes for school children at least one day per week during the winter months The baths to be vested in the Corporation of Douglas The inauguration ceremony of Noble's Baths took place on Wednesday 1 July 1908, and was an occasion of immense civic pride for the town. The baths served the town until they were replaced by Derby Castle Aquadrome, part of the Summerland Complex, in 1969. Knockaloe Farm Knockaloe, the Isle of Man Government's experimental farm, was created on 350 acres of waste ground in 1924. The site had been a prison encampment during the Great War, known as Knockaloe Camp, and was linked to the Douglas - Peel railway line by a branch line. A benefaction from the Henry Bloom Noble Trustees was responsible for the creation of the farm. References 1816 births 1903 deaths Manx culture Manx people People from Clifton, Cumbria

Alban Roe

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<mask> (20 July 1583 – 21 January 1642) was an English Benedictine priest, remembered as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. Early life <mask> was born in 1583, in Suffolk. He was brought up a Protestant and with his brother James converted to Catholicism; both became Benedictine monks. Details of <mask>'s life are scant. He was not typically monastic, but of an explosive and unpredictable temperament. It has been said that the outstanding characteristics of his life were cheerfulness and tenacity, and that his sanctity was unquestionable. The disruption caused by the dissolution of the monasteries deprived Benedictine monks of a key aspect of their life: lifelong stability within a community.Large monasteries had disappeared and those houses which remained consisted of small fragmented groups or even isolated individuals. Inevitably for monks at this time, this type of community led some to focus on contemplation, becoming withdrawn mystics whilst others out of necessity were more practical and individual, and focussed on the missionary aspect. Conversion <mask>'s conversion experience was unusual: he tried to convert an imprisoned Catholic to Protestantism, but found himself defeated in argument. From this time, according to Challoner, "Mr. <mask> was very uneasy in mind upon the score of religion; nor did this uneasiness cease till by reading and confessing with Catholic Priests he was thoroughly convinced of his errors and determined to embrace the ancient faith. Having found the treasure of God’s truth himself, he was very desirous to impart the same to the souls of his neighbours." Consequently, in 1607 he entered the English College at Douai to study for the priesthood. <mask> was not only content to rub people up the wrong way, but to make sure that they noticed.When the Prior had some cupboards removed from near to his bed, <mask> declared: "There is more trouble with a few fools than with all the wise; if you pull down, I will build up; if you destroy, I will rebuild." He was expelled from the college in 1610 due his temperament, records stating that "we consider the said <mask> is not at all fitted for the purposes of this College on account of his contempt for the discipline and for his superiors and of his misleading certain youths living in the College and also of the great danger of his still leading others astray, and therefore we adjudge that he must be dismissed from the College." <mask> did not leave quietly, but used his considerable skills to organise a campaign against the authorities. A significant body of monks seem to have seen him as some sort of hero and backed his appeal to the President. This allowed him later in 1613 to join the English Benedictine Community of St. Lawrence at Dieulouard in Lorraine, being ordained in 1615. There is no record of him being at all troublesome at Dieulouard. He became a founder member of the new English Benedictine Community at St. Edmund, Paris, hence his religious name Alban of St. Edmund.Ministry and arrest <mask> was professed in 1612 and after ordination in 1615 joined the missions and worked in London, being arrested and deported shortly after his arrival. He returned in 1618 and was imprisoned until 1623, whereby his release and re-exile was organised by the Spanish ambassador, Gondomar. He returned two years later and was incarcerated for 17 years in the Fleet prison. Conditions in the Fleet were relaxed and he was able to minister to souls during the day provided he was back in his cell at night. He was zealous for the conversion of souls and lacking a church could be found in ale houses playing cards with the customers. This was permitted under the Constitutions of the English Benedictine Congregation at the time; the stakes were not monetary, but short prayers. Of course, this behaviour scandalised the Puritans, but as he was already a prisoner, there was little more they could do against him.He was also allowed to receive visitors in prison where in addition to strengthening his resolve through private prayer he taught visitors prayers and made many converts. Richard Challoner notes him translating "several pious tracts into English, some of which he caused to be published in print, others he left behind him in manuscript." Trial In 1641 he was transferred to close confinement within the strict Newgate prison. In his trial in 1642 he was found guilty of treason under the statute 27 Eliz c.2 for being a priest. Challoner details his initial refusal to enter a plea. It then transpired that the chief witness against him was a fallen Catholic who he had formerly helped. Thinking he could win him round again, he pleaded not guilty, but objected to being tried by "twelve ignorant jurymen", who were unconcerned about the shedding of his innocent blood.The judge was intimidated by <mask> making a mockery of the proceedings, and took him aside for a private conversation. This went badly with, <mask> declaring "My Saviour has suffered far more for me than all that; and I am willing to suffer the worst of torments for his sake." The judge sent him back to prison where he was advised by who Challoner describes as "some grave and learned priests" to follow the example of those before him and consent to being tried by the court. The jury took about a minute to find him guilty. He then, in mockery, bowed low to the judge and the whole bench for granting him this great favour which he greatly desired. The judge suspended the sentence and sent him back to prison for a few days. <mask>'s fame led to a constant stream of visitors, one of whom smuggled in the necessary items for him to say mass in his cell.Execution On the morning of 21 January 1642, <mask> together with fellow priest Thomas Reynolds was drawn on hurdles from Newgate Prison to the place of execution. At Tyburn, <mask> preached in a jovial fashion to the crowd about the meaning of his death. He was still playing to the crowd, holding up the proceedings by asking the Sheriff whether he could save his life by turning Protestant. The Sheriff agreed. <mask> then turned to the crowd declaring "see then what the crime is for which I am to die and whether religion be not my only treason?" His remark to one of his former gaolers was "My friend, I find that thou art a prophet; thou hast told me often I should be hanged." He created quite an impression by his death and when his remains were quartered there was a scramble to dip handkerchiefs into his blood and pick up straws covered in his blood as relics.The speech he made is said to have been sent to Parliament and stored in their archives. Canonisation <mask> was declared venerable in December 1929 by Pope Pius XI and beatified one week later on 15 December. <mask> was canonized nearly 40 years later on 25 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales with a common feast day of 25 October. His feast day is also celebrated on 21 January, the day of his martyrdom. The communities of St. Lawrence and St. Edmund returned to England at the end of the 18th century, during the upheavals of the French revolution. St. Lawrence settled in Yorkshire at what was to become Ampleforth Abbey. St. Edmund settled at Douai Abbey, Reading.Namesake in the United States St. Alban Roe Catholic Church was founded in 1980 in the city of Wildwood, Missouri. It is located off of highway 109. It includes a small parochial school of the same name, which is supported by the Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis. References External links Story of <mask> <mask> on Ampleforth's website Patron Saints Index: <mask> <mask> 1583 births 1642 deaths English College, Douai alumni Catholic saints who converted from Protestantism Converts to Roman Catholicism English Roman Catholic saints Forty Martyrs of England and Wales Martyred Roman Catholic priests Executed people from Suffolk People executed by Stuart England by hanging, drawing and quartering People from Bury St Edmunds 17th-century Roman Catholic martyrs 17th-century Christian saints Canonizations by Pope Paul VI Executed Roman Catholic priests 17th-century Roman Catholic priests

Theodore Paleologus

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<mask> (; – 21 January 1636) was a 16th and 17th-century Italian nobleman, soldier and assassin. According to the genealogy presented on <mask>'s tombstone, he was a direct male-line descendant of the Palaiologos dynasty, which had ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1259 to its fall in 1453. Though most of the figures in the genealogy can be verified to have been real historical figures, the veracity of his imperial descent is uncertain. Born in Pesaro around 1560, <mask> was forced into exile after being convicted for the attempted murder of man called Leone Ramusciatti. He lived in exile for many years and went on to become a proficient soldier and hired assassin. In 1597, <mask> arrived in London, hired by the authorities of the Republic of Lucca to kill a man named Alessandro Antelminelli. After failing to track down Antelminelli, <mask> stayed in England, possibly for the rest of his life.In 1600, <mask> was hired by Henry Clinton, the Earl of Lincoln, ostensibly as "Master of the Horse" but in reality probably as a henchman and assassin. At the time, Clinton was perhaps the most hated nobleman in the entire country. <mask> probably accompanied Clinton on his visits around the country, most of them having to do with Clinton's frequent battles with the law. In Clinton's service, <mask> also met the famous captain and explorer John Smith, whom he gradually helped introduce back into society after Smith had elected to live as a recluse. While living in Plymouth in 1628, <mask> was offered employment by the Duke of Buckingham, George Villiers, almost as hated as the now deceased Earl of Lincoln, but Villiers was assassinated soon thereafter. <mask> was then invited by a Sir Nicholas Lower to stay with him at his house, Clifton Hall, in Landulph, Cornwall. There, <mask> lived until his death in 1636.He was buried at Landulph and was survived by five of the six or seven children whom he had with his wife, Mary Balls. Of these children, only Ferdinand Paleologus, who later emigrated to Barbados, is known to have had children of his own. Biography Early life Born in Pesaro in central Italy around 1560, <mask>logus was the son of Camilio Paleologus, about whom very little is known. The name of his mother is not known. <mask>ologos dynasty, which ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1259 to 1453. They claimed descent from Thomas Palaiologos (Camilio being Thomas's supposed great-great-grandson), a brother of the final emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos, through a son called John, whose existence can not be confirmed through contemporary sources. All other purported ancestors (descendants of this John) of the later Paleologus family can be verified through contemporary records.On account of the absence of evidence for John's existence, English Byzantininst Donald Nicol wrote in 1974 that "<mask>’s claim to be a descendant of Thomas Palaiologos [...] must be held unproven". John Hall, author of a 2015 biography on <mask>, believes that it would be wrong to "dismiss <mask>'s claim out of hand" on account of a single missing link. During his early life, <mask> lived with his two uncles, Camilio's brothers, Scipione and Leonidas Paleologus, in Pesaro. In 1578, the three found themselves embroiled in a scandal, as they were convicted for the attempted murder of Leone Ramusciatti, a man who was also of Greek descent. After failing to kill him, in an attempt to avoid arrest, they barricaded themselves in a church. Contemporary records from Pesaro refers to the three as a something akin to a gang, and alludes to a previous (successful) murder committed by them. The fate of Scipione is unknown, but Leonidas was executed.<mask>, who is referred to as a minor (though he was obviously old enough to partake in the crime, probably 16–18 years old) was spared the death penalty and instead banished not only from Pesaro, but from the entire Duchy of Urbino. Career as an assassin <mask> is not attested again until nineteen years later, upon his arrival to England in 1597. If <mask>'s own later account is to be believed, some of the time in exile was spent fighting for the Protestants in the Netherlands, alongside the famous general Maurice of Nassau, as part of the Dutch Revolt. <mask> arrived in England as an assassin, hired to track down and kill Alessandro Antelminelli, a 25-year old citizen of the Republic of Lucca in Italy. Antelminelli's father and three brothers had been captured, tortured and executed in Lucca on charges of treason one year prior. Though Antelminelli had been absent during the time of the supposed crime, he had nonetheless been summoned to stand trial for his supposed complicity. Understanding that being at the trial would mean certain execution, he had instead fled to England and assumed the alias of "Ambergio Salvetti", claiming to be from Florence.As "Salvetti", Antelminelli became a comrade of the diplomat and poet Henry Wotton. Around 40 years old, <mask> was by this point in time evidently well-established as an assassin. At some point between 1578 and 1597, he had been pardoned at Pesaro and had been allowed to return to his hometown, as proven by a letter addressed to "Signor Teodoro Paleologo" in Pesaro, dated 1597. The tone of this letter, signed by the senior magistrate of Lucca, Francesco Andreotti, speaks to <mask>'s apparently impressive reputation: The authorities at Lucca had first hired another assassin to kill Antelminelli, Marcantonio Franceotti. Franceotti had been paid 200 pounds in advance, but had failed to track down Antelminelli and suggested that the authorities at Lucca commission a "more seasoned killer". Franceotti recommended Paleologus, and is probably the same person as the one who personally delivered the Lucchese message ("the bearer of this" referred to in the letter). Like Franceotti before him, Paleologus also failed to find and kill Antelminelli.Despite further attempts to kill him until at least 1627, Antelminelli eventually died of natural causes in 1657. In the service of the Earl of Lincoln After failing to track down Antelminelli, <mask> chose to stay in England. To earn money, he entered into the service of Henry Clinton, the Earl of Lincoln, in 1599. <mask> would spend many years living at Clinton's castle, Tattershall Castle in Lincolnshire. The castle had once been denounced by King Henry VIII as "one of the most brutal and beastly [castles] of the whole realm" and the town it overlooked, also called Tattershall, was scarcely more than a village at this point in time, having suffered a drastic depopulation in the late 16th century. Henry Clinton was almost sixty years old and one of the most brutal, feared and hated feudal lords in Britain. Clinton is frequently described as waging war on his neighbors and is often credited with rioting, abduction, arson, sabotage, extortion and perjury.At one point, Clinton even expanded his castle walls into the nearby churchyard. Clinton officially hired <mask> as his Master of the Horse, but he clearly had intended uses for <mask> beyond the Italian's skills with horses, and presumably knew of <mask>'s previous work. It is thus likely that Clinton's real intended use for <mask> was as a soldier and assassin. <mask> himself probably entered Clinton's service due to his advancing age, hoping to find a safer and more stable profession than his many years as a hired killer. Clinton was often at London due to his frequent entanglements with the law, during which <mask>, as Master of the Horse, would likely have accompanied and escorted him. While staying at Tattershall, <mask> met his future wife, Mary Balls. Mary had been born in Hadleigh, Suffolk (she is known to have been 24 years old in 1599) and had no known friends or family outside that town, making her sudden appearance at Tattershall in 1599 somewhat puzzling.The only certain previous link between her family and Tattershall is her father, William Balls, being recorded as a witness to a legal document in Tattershall in 1585. William might thus have been known at the Tattershall household in some capacity. Mary conceived <mask>'s first child , and she married him in Cottingham, East Yorkshire on 1 May 1600, at which point she was several months pregnant. It is possible that the reason for the wedding being so late, only six weeks before the birth of their child, was <mask> accompanying Clinton on one of his law-related trips to London. The ceremony took place in the Church of St. Mary in Cottingham, where the marriage register records the marriage of Thedorus Palelogu and Maria Balle. The couple might have chosen to marry at Cottingham, nearly seventy miles away from Tattershall, due to Cottingham being under the rule of the Duke of Suffolk, Clinton's feudal superior. Because of the relation between the duke and the earl, the priest in Cottingham might have avoided asking awkward questions in regards to Mary's pregnancy.Their first child, named <mask>, was baptised on 12 June but died an infant on 1 September. During their time in Lincolnshire, <mask> and Mary had further children. Baptismal records at Tattershall confirms the baptisms of three of their five, possibly six, later children. On 18 August 1606, their daughter Dorothy (identified in the records as "Dorathie, daughter of <mask>") was baptised, followed by <mask> ("<mask>, son of <mask>") on 30 April 1609 and <mask> ("<mask>, son of Paleologo <mask>) on 11 July 1611. There is also a partially legible entry for "Elizabeth, daughter of Theo ..." from August 1614, likely another child of <mask>. Since no further records are known of this Elizabeth, she is likely to have died in infancy. On 14 May 1600, Francis Norreys, the son of Clinton's wife Elizabeth Morrison by a previous marriage, wrote to the Secretary of State, Robert Cecil, in the hope that he would intervene in Clinton's affairs, since Clinton had recently ordered that Elizabeth be confined to Tatershall Castle.The letter references an "Italian murderer", likely <mask>. With Clinton pressured to release her as more and more letters describing her situation came in to Cecil, Elizabeth was released later that year. A passage of Norreys's message reads: During his time at Tattershall, <mask> also met and befriended John Smith (later a famous captain and explorer in the Americas). After Smith had served as a soldier in the Netherlands, he had returned home to Lincolnshire in 1600 and, tiring of the company of the locals, lived as a recluse, constructing a small wooden house a decent distance away from any major town or village. In his own writings, Smith describes how he was befriended by a “Thaedora Polalaga, Rider to Henry Earle of Lincolne” and describes the man as an “excellent horseman” and a “noble Italian gentleman”. <mask> taught Smith Italian and skill at arms, and might have encouraged him to return to the battlefield. In Philip L. Barbour's The Three Worlds of Captain John Smith (1964), <mask> is thought to be the culprit behind filling "John Smith's fancies with further adventurous notions" through legends of the Ottoman Turks.In Dorothy and Thomas Hoobler's Captain John Smith (2006), <mask> is

Theodore Paleologus

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credited with "igniting the spirit of the Crusaders" in Smith. Smith would later partake in military campaigns against the Ottomans before his more famous ventures in the Americas (such as the establishment of Jamestown, Virginia and his encounter with Pocahontas). Later years Clinton died on 29 September 1616. After Clinton's death, there are no further records of <mask> at Tattershall, or anywhere else for several years. It is possible that he was quickly evicted by Clinton's son and successor, Thomas Clinton. It is possible that the family lived with Mary's relatives, the Balls family, during this time or that the children were placed in the service of some higher class household, a common practice in regards to adolescents. Another possibility is that <mask> spent much of the time between 1609 and 1621 fighting in the Netherlands during the Eighty Years' War.<mask> is attested as living in Plymouth from 1619 onwards. On 15 June 1619, a fourth son, Ferdinand, was baptised at the Church of St. Andrew in Plymouth, the event being recorded in the baptismal register as the baptism of "Ffardinando son of <mask>logus an Ittalian". The rest of his family was with him at Plymouth, with a document confidently placing <mask> there at least as early as 1623. <mask> was a householder (landlord) in Plymouth, rated in 1628 at a halfpenny a week. That same year, <mask>, now in his mid-sixties, offered his services to the Duke of Buckingham, George Villiers. On account of corruption, enormous wealth and incompetence (for instance having supported unsuccessful wars with France and Spain), as well as interference with the politics of King Charles I, Villiers was, like Henry Clinton before him, one of the most hated men in all of England. Though the unmarried daughters Dorothy and Mary, and the young Ferdinand, probably lived with <mask> and Mary, the older sons were not at home in 1628, with <mask>, aged 19, making his own life elsewhere and <mask> probably still being in service.In <mask>'s letter to Villiers, he describes himself as "capable as one who has lived and shed his blood in war since his youth, at the pleasure of the late Prince of Orange, and other diverse English and French lords who have seen and known me and can bear witness" and calls himself a gentleman of a good family, worthy of the name he bears on account of his many accomplishments, but "unlucky in the misfortune experienced by my ancestors and myself". <mask> met Villiers in Plymouth and had seemingly been promised a rather generous employment, but on the 23 August that same year, Villiers was assassinated, leaving <mask> once more without an employer. Shortly thereafter, <mask> was invited by Sir Nicholas Lower, a rich Cornish squire, to join him at his home in Landulph, Cornwall, probably on account of <mask>'s supposedly exalted lineage. Lower's home, Clifton Hall, was divided to accommodate two families after Mary and the Paleologus daughters (and probably Ferdinand) moved in shortly after <mask>. At Clifton Hall, <mask> probably served the Lowers as a scholar of history and the Greek language, possibly helping to educate their children. <mask> stayed with his family and the Lowers at Clifton Hall for the rest of his life. His wife, Mary Balls, was buried in Plymouth on 24 November 1631 and would have been 56 years old at the time of her death.As per the brass plaque which marks his grave in the Church of St Leonard & St Dilpe in Landulph, <mask> died on 21 January 1636. The brass plaque prominently displays a coat of arms reminiscent of that of the Palaiologos emperors of Byzantium, displaying the imperial double-headed eagle. According to the registers at Landulph, <mask> was buried on 20 October 1636, but this is probably an error since it seems unlikely that his body remained unburied for nine months. The inscription of <mask>'s tombstone reads: Family and children With his wife Mary, <mask> had six, possibly seven, children: <mask>us (June – 1 September 1600) – <mask> and Mary's first child, died in infancy. Dorothy Paleologus (August 1606 – 1681) – Remained in Landulph after <mask>'s death. Dorothy married William Arundel, son or grandson of Alexander Arundel, who Nicholas Lower had purchased Clifton Hall from. The entries recording the marriage in the marriage registers at Landulph and at William's home parish of St Mellion grandly describe Dorothy as of "imperial stock" (Dorothea Paleologus de stirpe imperatorum).Since the registers at St. Dominic were accidentally destroyed, it is impossible to determine whether Dorothy and William had children, but it is unlikely since Dorothy was fifty years old by the time of the marriage. Dorothy was buried in Landulph in 1681. Mary Paleologus (? – 1674) – Remained in Landulph after <mask>'s death. Very little is known of Mary and she is the only one of the children whose birth year is unknown. She was probably never married and was buried in Landulph on 15 May 1674. <mask>us (April 1609 – April/May 1644) – The oldest son to reach adulthood, <mask> fought for the Parliamentarians, or Roundheads, in the English Civil War (1642–1651).He died during the war in 1644, probably of camp fever during the early stages of the siege of Oxford, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. <mask> Paleologus (June/July 1611 – ?) – The most enigmatic of the children, <mask> is thought to have fought for the Royalists, or Cavaliers, in the English Civil War, but left England before its conclusion, being attested in Barbados with his younger brother Ferdinand in 1644. Nothing is known of <mask> after 1644 and his ultimate fate is unknown. (?) Elizabeth Paleologus (July/August 1614 – ?) – Known only from a partial baptismal record from Tattershall, Elizabeth is likely to have been another of <mask> and Mary's daughters.As she is never referenced again after this baptismal record, it is probable that she died in infancy. Ferdinand Paleologus (June 1619 – 2 October 1670) – The youngest son, Ferdinand travelled with <mask> to Barbados, where he stayed for the rest of his life, becoming one of the elite on the island. He had a son, named <mask>, and was known on Barbados as the "Greek prince from Cornwall". Ferdinand constructed a great house on the island, named Clifton Hall after the house the family had stayed in while in Cornwall. According to some genealogies, <mask> was married to another woman before Mary. This previous marriage would have taken place on 6 July 1593 on the island Chios, his bride being "Eudoxia Comnena", a daughter of the nobleman Alexius Comnenus and his wife Helen Cantacuzene (both parents possessing surnames of Byzantine imperial dynasties). Eudoxia was to have died on 6 July 1596, three years after the wedding, in childbirth, and the couple's only child was said to have been a girl named "Theodora Paleologus", married in 1614 in Naples to "Prince Demetrius Rhodocanakis".Though this genealogy has been accepted by some historians in the past, and notably convinced the papacy and the British Foreign Office, it originates from forgeries created in the 1860s by the London-based Greek merchant Demetrius Rhodocanakis, who claimed that one of Theodora's descendants was Dr. Constantine Rhodocanakis (a real historical figure), who Demetrius in turn claimed was his ancestor. Demetrius's forgeries were revealed when he published a biography on Constantine Rhodocanakis in 1872, wherein a portrait of Constantine was exposed to actually be a portrait of the author himself, dressed in a costume. His genealogy had been thoroughly debunked by the early 20th century. Legacy <mask>'s grave was accidentally opened in 1795, revealing an oak coffin. Inside, his body was discovered in a good enough state to ascertain that <mask> was far above common height and had possessed an aquiline nose and a long white beard reaching low on his breast. His well-preserved body means that he had probably been embalmed before being buried. To this day, <mask>'s tomb brings many Greek visitors to Landulph.Greek Orthodox memorial services have been observed for him twice, first in the late 20th century by the Welsh-born archimandrite Barnabas (1915–1995) and then in 2007 by Archbishop Gregorios, head of the Greek Orthodox community in Britain. Barnabas's service for <mask> in the late 20th century was the first service of any kind conducted in <mask>'s name since his burial in 1636. Gregorios's rite, conducted on 18 April 2007, involved draping <mask>'s grave in silk ribbons with the colors of the Greek flag, and also displaying flags with the double-headed eagle. The rite was not technically a full traditional memorial rite, since <mask> was not Orthodox, but included chants and incense. The two rites were evocations of ancient Byzantium never before seen in Landulph. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, a member of the modern Greek royal family, visited <mask>'s tomb together with his wife, Queen Elizabeth II, in 1962. <mask> has sometimes figured in popular culture.In the novel Sir John Constantine (1906) by Arthur Quiller-Couch, a band of Cornish squires called the "Constantines" are descended from <mask>. The novel is purported to be the 1756 memoirs of Sir John Constantine Paleologus, who with the rest of the Constantines go on several adventures. John Constantine is described as having white hair and an aquiline nose, clearly based on descriptions of the real <mask>us. In an earlier novella by Quiller-Couch, The Mystery of Joseph Laquedem (1900), a girl named Julie Constantine, also a fictional descendant of <mask>, features in the plot, alongside the actual grave of <mask> himself. During World War I, playwright William Price Drury wrote and produced a play called The Emperor's Ring, in which the central plot revolves around a delegation from various states in the Balkans arriving to Landulph to bend the knee to a living descendant of <mask>, an aged miner called Simon Paleol in the play. After a telegram arrives informing the delegation of the death of Simon's only son in the trenches, their hopes are dashed and as Simon grows more and more tired of the delegation hoping for him to take his place on the throne of Greece, he grabs <mask>'s old signet ring, a priceless heirloom, and throws it in the Tamar river. The Emperor's Ring was later reworked to a short story, published in 1919 with the title All the King's Men.All the King's Men also features a passage inspired by the opening of <mask>'s grave, with the addition that his body crumbles to dust as the grave is opened. The novel Days Without Number (2003) by Robert Goddard is a thriller with supernatural elements and incorporates fictional modern descendants of <mask> as a central plot element. In the novel, <mask>'s Paleologus descendants battle with James Bond-style villains through murders, seductions and car and speedboat chases, all in order to find a lost stained glass window with an inscription supposedly containing the date of the Second Coming, preserved by the Knights Templar through the ages. References Cited bibliography 1560 births 1636 deaths Palaiologos dynasty Italian people of Greek descent Italian

Clarence Mitchell Jr.

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<mask>. (March 8, 1911 – March 18, 1984) was an American civil rights activist and was the chief lobbyist for the NAACP for nearly 30 years. He also served as a regional director for the organization. <mask>, nicknamed "the 101st U.S. Senator", waged a tireless campaign on Capitol Hill, helping to secure passage of civil rights legislation in the 1950s and 1960s: the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the Civil Rights Act of 1960, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968). In 1969, he was awarded the Spingarn Medal by the NAACP for these efforts. Later he faced some criticism in the black community for supporting Daniel Patrick Moynihan (see then U.S. Assistant Secretary of Labor; controversy over the War on Poverty, later a noted U.S. Senator from New York) and defending the State of Israel.On June 9, 1980, he was presented with the "Presidential Medal of Freedom" by 39th President Jimmy Carter. After his retirement, <mask> wrote a Sunday editorial column for The Baltimore Sun every Sunday until his death in 1984. The Sun called it "an extraordinary commentary on the civil rights movement." On March 23, 1984, the Sharp Street Memorial United Methodist Church overflowed with 2,500 mourners who gathered from around the country to pay their respects. Included among them was Harry Hughes (Governor of Maryland), William Donald Schaefer (Mayor of Baltimore and later Governor), Benjamin Hooks, director of the NAACP; and Dorothy Height, president of the National Council of Negro Women. The main city court house in Baltimore City was renamed as the Clarence M. <mask> Jr. Courthouse in 1985 in his honor.Other facilities were also named for him. Early life and education <mask> was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to <mask><mask>, a waiter and Elsie (Davis<mask>, a homemaker. <mask>'s brother, Parren <mask>, became a U.S. Congressman representing Maryland's 7th congressional district. <mask> was raised in a large household consisting of 11 family members (him, along with his parents, his maternal grandparents, and six siblings.) One sibling died prior to <mask>'s birth, and two died when he was young. According to the U.S. Census records in 1910; His maternal grandparents lived with the family until their deaths in 1912 and 1913.The family moved frequently when <mask> was young, living in rented homes in the same area of Baltimore City. In 1929 his parents purchased their own home at 712 Carrollton Avenue in Baltimore's Harlem Park neighborhood. <mask> saw their hardships; his mother took in meal boarders to supplement his father's income from working at the historic Rennert Hotel on the northeastern corner of West Saratoga and North Liberty Streets. <mask>'s mother and the children attended church at St. Katherine's Episcopal Church, where <mask> and his brother Parren served in the services on Sunday mornings. The family celebrated Christmas, his mother decorating the home. His parents kept things in good condition, with an orderly yard. <mask> was taught by his parents not to "take anything from anyone" when it came to racial issues; the older children taught the younger children, too.<mask> spent time at the YMCA (Colored – Young Men's Christian Association) learning how to box, and earned the nickname "the Shamrock Kid." <mask> excelled in his early childhood education and worked hard to learn lessons taught to him by his illiterate mother. When <mask> was in elementary school, one of his teachers was the mother of Thurgood Marshall, future attorney and United States Supreme Court Justice. <mask> worked many odd jobs throughout his childhood; from hauling ice and coal in a wagon for money, which he subsequently gave to his parents to support the household; to working with Thurgood Marshall and his father as a busboy at the Gibson Island Club. Education <mask> attended Old Douglass High School, and after graduating, he enrolled at Lincoln University, a historically black college in Pennsylvania. He excelled at his studies. He wrote the song for his graduating class at Lincoln, but was not able to join his fellows on stage, as he was unable to pay overdue tuition.<mask> also attended the University of Minnesota, after which he became the executive secretary for the National Urban League in St. Paul in 1937. While in Minnesota, he led a successful campaign to end employment discrimination practices against African Americans who worked for the city. Career As a young man, <mask> worked for the Baltimore Afro-American newspaper. He wrote articles about the infamous Scottsboro case in 1931. He also covered the lynching of Matthew Williams on December 4, 1931, in Salisbury, Maryland on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The young black man was accused of killing his white employer. <mask> had not seen the lynching but arrived as the white mob set Williams' body on fire and dragged it through the black neighborhood of the city.White journalist H.L. Mencken also covered these events for The Baltimore Sun, attacking newspapers on the Eastern Shore for contributing to a racist atmosphere and being too cowardly to cover the lynching. After <mask> returned home and recounted the events, his brother Parren vowed to one day take up the fight for racial justice. In the 1940s, <mask> began working as staff to the Fair Employment Practices Committee, established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt by Executive Order 8802 in 1941, to oversee ending discrimination in defense industries with contracts with the federal government, and provide fair employment opportunities to all Americans. From 1942 to 1946, he acted as "principal fair practice examiner, associate director of field operations, and director of field operations" in the Washington, DC area. Based on that experience, after the end of the war <mask> began working for the NAACP in 1946, as NAACP Labor Secretary and Director of the NAACP Washington Bureau, serving from 1946 to 1950. In 1951 he was promoted to Director of the NAACP Washington Bureau, serving 1951–1954.In 1952 Walter White, president of the NAACP, set up the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, a coalition of civil rights, civic, labor, religious, and fraternal organizations to manage political operations in Washington for civil rights. Roy Wilkins, NAACP executive director, served as chairman of the LCCR, and <mask> was appointed as legislative chairman. "He directed the strategy that resulted in the fulfillment of the goals of the modern civil rights movement." The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was a step toward securing the constitutional rights of all citizens. 1959 was a year of serious losses for <mask>: his father died of cancer in June and his brother Lorenzo in a car accident. Although confined to bed at the time of Lorenzo's death, his mother Elsie Davis <mask> had her other sons carry her into the church for his funeral service, so that she did not have to use a wheelchair. <mask>'s mother died in November 1959; his poem in her honor, "A Star is a Small Reward," was published in the Afro-American.<mask> continued to serve as an NAACP lobbyist to Congress through the 1960s, as the civil rights movement reached new peaks in demonstrations and increasing national awareness through campaigns in the South. <mask> helped secure passage of the era's critical civil rights legislation: the Civil Rights Act of 1960, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968). He was nicknamed "the 101st U.S. Senator." President Lyndon B. Johnson also led his administration's War on Poverty. He appointed Daniel Patrick Moynihan as Assistant Secretary of Labor. <mask> was criticized by some in the black community for his support of Moynihan during this period, as the latter had written a controversial book analyzing issues of the black family in the United States and poverty.Moynihan later became known as a noted U.S. Senator from New York. In addition, <mask> defended the State of Israel during its war of 1967 against Arab states and was criticized by some. <mask> was among the African-American leaders with whom President Johnson met after Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., was assassinated in April 1968. <mask> was a member on the Board of Regents at the University of Maryland, College Park from 1982 to 1984. His papers and those of the NAACP Washington Bureau 1942–1978, are held at the State University of New York (SUNY) College at Old Westbury, New York.Legacy and honors In 1969 <mask> was awarded the Spingarn Medal of the NAACP. President Jimmy Carter presented <mask> with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on June 9, 1980. This is the highest civilian honor in the United States. In 1985 the Baltimore City Circuit Courthouse and the States' Attorney's Office for Baltimore City (constructed 1896–1900, one of the city's monuments) was named in his honor. An exhibit on <mask> is installed in the west side lobby facing the St. Paul Street entrance. The <mask> Building, located on the College Park campus (the Office of Undergraduate Admissions), was named in his honor. The <mask>. <mask>. Building, a facility that houses the engineering program at Morgan State University in Baltimore, was named for him.Denton L. Watson wrote a biography of <mask>: Lion in the Lobby : <mask>, Jr.'s Struggle for the Passage of Civil Rights Laws (2002). <mask> is included among noted citizens in the book Marylanders of the Century, written by Joseph R. L. Sterne, former editor of The Baltimore Sun, who covered the national civil rights struggle from Washington during the 1960s. Denton L. Watson is working on a nine volume historical documentary edition of The Papers of <mask> Jr. Five printed volumes have been published by the Ohio Press so far and he will also include a digital edition. References Primary sources The Papers of <mask> Jr., Volume III: NAACP Labor Secretary and Director of the NAACP Washington Bureau, 1946 – 1950; Volume IV: Director of the NAACP Washington Bureau, 1951 – 1954, edited by Denton L. Watson (Ohio University Press; 2010) External links <mask> Jr. Collection, University of Maryland School of Law – Thurgood Marshall Law Library The Papers of <mask> Jr. Interview with Denton Watson on his Lion in the Lobby: <mask> Jr.'s Struggle for the Passage of Civil Rights Laws, Booknotes, 8 July 1990 Juanita Jackson and <mask> Jr. House – Explore Baltimore Heritage 1911 births 1984 deaths 20th-century African-American activists Activists for African-American civil rights Activists from Baltimore American lobbyists Mitchell family of Maryland NAACP activists Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Spingarn Medal winners Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni

Leos Moskos

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Leo or <mask> (, 1620/30 – 1690) was a painter and educator. There were two other painters named Moskos active around the same period, <mask> and <mask>, who may have been his relatives. Indeed, Leo is often confused with <mask>. Some of his work was inspired by Georgios Klontzas and Franghias Kavertzas. He traveled all over the Venetian Empire. Records indicate he traveled to Venice, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos His style resembled the Cretan School. He taught famous painter Panagiotis Doxaras.His most popular work is the Last Judgment. His paintings can be found all over the world. Twenty of his paintings have survived. History Leo was born in Rethimno, Crete sometime between 1620 and 1635. His father's name was George. He was active in Crete, Zakynthos, and Venice. He is often confused with <mask>.The first record of the artist is in Zakynthos around 1653. According to Venetian records, he is first mentioned in Venice on 1655, 1656, 1664 as the sponsor of several baptisms. The priest of the church San Giorgio dei Greci was painter Philotheos Skoufos. Skoufos was later replaced by painter Emmanuel Tzanes. Tzanes’s brother Konstantinos Tzanes was also actively painting in Venice. In 1657, another artist named Ioannis <mask> was married at the San Giorgio dei Greci. To date, there are no records linking <mask> and Ioannis <mask> but a familial relationship is possible.From 1664 to 1666 he is recorded on the island of Cephalonia. On September 30, 1664, there is an agreement between the commissioners of the church of the Ascension in Lixouri and Leo to paint 13 icons. Namely, a large icon of the Ascension, two Archangels at the pulpits, and Christ. The painter's fee was set at 150 realia and the time of completion of the work was May 1665. In March 1665 the church commissioners were looking for money for the ongoing work. On February 17, 1666, Sir <mask> Moskos son of Sir George appointed the priest Symeon Maroudas as his commissioner in Zakynthos. He signed the document Leos Moskos.Recall, <mask> was an active painter in Zakynthos around this period. There might be some familial relationship. Leo was back in Lixouri on October 21, 1666, and signed as a witness. He appears in Zakynthos after 1666 with reference to a Diptych. It is now at the Museum of Zakynthos. The item was taken from the church of Agios Georgios. It was founded in 1669.Around this time, <mask> made an agreement to teach Panagiotis Doxaras's painting in Zakynthos. Regrettably, the published date of the contract was 1685. Leo was in Venice around that time, so he probably taught him around 1670. Another theory is that the contract was made up in Zakynthos but Panagiotis Doxaras might have traveled to Venice. Leo lived in Venice from 1678 to 1688 according to the register of the Greek Brotherhood. In 1681, he was the sponsor of another baptism. He sponsored four recorded baptisms.By this time Moskos also got married. He was married on October 16, 1681. He was recorded in the wedding book as Leo Mosko of Rethimno marrying Zanetta Trivisana from Padua. He was also recorded as a witness to baptisms from 1688 to 1690. The Last Judgement The last judgment has been a popular theme in art. Michelangelo painted the theme in the Sistine Chapel, The Last Judgment (Michelangelo). Christian denominations consider the Second Coming of Christ to be the final and infinite judgment by God.The theme has been covered in countless artistic mediums. There is no indication that Georgios Klontzas visited the Sistine Chapel but it is a possibility. Georgios Klontzas last judgment is a very popular and important painting. It inspired countless artists. <mask> also painted a similar subject. His work is not identical to Georgios Klontzas but the two paintings are closely similar. In the Klontzas Jesus is at the very top of the painting.It resembles Klontzas In Thee Rejoiceth because the heavenly hierarchy extends outwards. The virgin is to the left of Jesus. The twelve apostles surround Jesus followed by other angles. Under Jesus, there are angels on chariots. Below the angles to the left and the right of the cross are people waiting to be judged. Music is an integral part of the scene. A musical ensemble is under the people waiting to be judged.Instruments are featured and the book life is opened, similar to Michelangelo's Last Judgment. The musical angles are next to the gateway. Next to the lava is an Angle with a sword guiding the damned into purgatory. Under the scene is hell. To the left of hell are saints, church clergy, and chosen nobles. The hell scene is a phenomenal artistic interpretation of purgatory. In the Moskos, Jesus is located at the same place.There are circles of Angles. The Virgin is to the left of Jesus. The Twelve Apostles are further from the center. They are under the angelic hierarchy. Music is also part of the scene. Under Jesus, some of the Angles are holding instruments. There is an angle holding the Holy Towel.Clearly, in the Moskos, there is a distinction between the damned and the chosen. All of the damned people are naked. At the lower-left corner are the chosen clergy, nobles. In the center an angle over stands at the entrance of the lava or doorway to hell. Dragons are a common theme in Klontzas's work. In purgatory, demons are riding dragons. The damned are in chains and nude.They are carried off by demons. Theodore Poulakis also employs similar wolflike demonic creatures in his work resembling Klontzas. In the Moskos, there are the same demon wolflike creatures. The people are all naked and they carried off to hell. In the lower right, there is a mouth eating the lave. This is the only dragon-like creature in the Moskos. Both paintings are extremely similar.<mask>'s was inspired by Klontzas's work. Franghias Kavertzas also had a similar painting it also inspired Moskos. Many other artists also employed a similar theme resembling the artist's paintings. Gallery Notable works Christ the Vine (Moskos) Benaki Museum The Infanticide Barney Burstein's Private Collection Boston On You Rejoices, Piana Degli Albanesi Mezzojuso, Sicily, Italy Despotic Icons, Pantocrator Cephalonia The Last Judgment (Moskos) See also Theodore Poulakis Victor (iconographer) References Bibliography 1620 births 1690 deaths Cretan Renaissance painters 17th-century Greek painters People from Rethymno

Rickey Parkey

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<mask> (born November 7, 1956) is a retired American boxer, the former IBF Cruiserweight Champion of the World, hailing from Morristown, Tennessee. Professional career <mask> turned professional in 1981 and won the IBF cruiserweight title with a TKO win over Lee Roy Murphy in 1986. He defended the belt once before losing the title to Evander Holyfield via TKO the following year in a title unification bout. He retired in 1994.

Catriona Le May Doan

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<mask>, (born December 23, 1970) is a retired Canadian speed skater and a double Olympic champion in the 500 m and served as the chef de mission for Team Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. Career Speed skating Born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, of Scottish ancestry, <mask> won the Olympic 500 m title at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan and she repeated this feat at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, giving rise to the title "the fastest woman on ice". At the Nagano Olympics, she also won a bronze on the 1,000 m. She was World Sprint Champion 1998 and 2002 and World Champion 500 m 1998, 1999, and 2001, and she won a 500 m bronze in 2000. She has also won the 500 m World Cup 4 times (in 1998, 1999, 2001, and 2003) and the 1,000 m World Cup once (in 1998). She has twice been Canada's flag bearer at the Winter Olympics, for the 1998 Nagano Olympics closing ceremony and the opening ceremony of the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics. On November 22, 1997, <mask> became the first woman to break the 38-second barrier for the 500 m, skating 37.90 s in Calgary, Alberta. Before the year was over, she had tied this record once and broken it twice, ending on 37.55 s. Within the next four years, she broke this record four more times, up to 37.22 s in Calgary, in December 2001.No other woman has set eight consecutive World Records in one distance. Between 7 January 2001 and 24 February 2001, <mask> Doan was the only woman under the 38-second barrier, achieving it 14 times, including the eight times that she lowered the overall record. 1. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,40 1 Calgary 06-01-2001 2. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,55 1 Calgary 28-12-1997 3. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,57 1 Calgary 07-01-2001 4. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,71 1 Calgary 27-03-1998 5.<mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,71 1 Calgary 27-12-1997 6. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,86 1 Calgary 21-02-1999 7. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,88 1 Calgary 27-03-1998 8. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,89 1 Calgary 20-02-1999 9. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,90 1 Calgary 22-11-1997 10. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,90 1 Calgary 23-11-1997 11. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,90 1 Calgary 29-11-1998 12.<mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,94 1 Calgary 18-11-2000 13. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,97 1 Calgary 12-01-2000 14. <mask> <mask>-Doan CAN 37,98 1 Calgary 13-02-1999 <mask> Doan still had a long way to go before she started fighting for Olympic Gold and World Records. In the 1994 Winter Olympics, she fell on the 500 m and placed 17th on the 1,500 m as her best result. Prior to the Nagano Games, she was training with her teammate and rival Susan Auch, both being coached by Susan's brother, Derrick Auch. In 1998 Nagano, Susan Auch placed 2nd behind Catriona on the 500 m. Leading up to the 2002 Salt Lake City Games, <mask> Doan was coached by the Canadian sprint coach, former Olympic speed skater Sean Ireland. <mask> Doan repeated her gold medal in the 500m at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics from the 1998 Nagano Olympics.She became the first Canadian to defend their gold medal at the Olympics. <mask> <mask> was married to <mask>, they separated in 2017. She has two children, Greta and Easton. In 2002, she published an autobiography, Going for Gold. After speedskating <mask> <mask> retired from competitive skating in 2003, and in 2004 gave birth to her first child, Greta. She was a commentator for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation during the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens and was a member of the official Canadian contingent when Vancouver, British Columbia was chosen as the site of the 2010 Winter Olympics. She is a popular motivational speaker, and has been involved with Campus Crusade for Christ's Power to Change campaign.In 2005, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, and inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame. She provided colour commentary for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation during the 2006 Winter Olympics for Speed Skating, and was present to see her former teammates Cindy Klassen and Clara Hughes win their personal and national record achievements. She was inducted into the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 2008 and was also a colour commentator for CTV at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver for the sport of Speed Skating. She was one of four torchbearers selected to light the interior cauldron in BC Place at the opening ceremonies for the 2010 Winter Olympics. She was subsequently left out of the lighting when one of the arms to light the cauldron failed to rise due to mechanical problems. This was remediated, however, as part of the opening segment of the closing ceremonies when she lit the fourth arm of the cauldron. In November 2020 it was announced that <mask> <mask> would be the chef de mission for Team Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.Achievements Personal records References Notes Bibliography Eng, Trond. All Time International Championships, Complete Results: 1889 – 2002. Askim, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 2002. Eng, Trond and Preben Gorud Petersen. World All Time Best 2004/2005 – Ladies. Askim, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 2005. <mask> <mask>, Catriona with Ken McGoogan.Going For Gold. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: McClelland & Stewart Publishers, 2002. Autobiography External links <mask> <mask> Doan Official Site Catriona <mask> Doan at SkateResults.com United Athletes Magazine Le May Doan's Olympic experience. Power to Change Site 1970 births Canadian television sportscasters Canadian people of Scottish descent Living people Lou Marsh Trophy winners Officers of the Order of Canada Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic speed skaters of Canada Sportspeople from Saskatoon Speed skaters from Calgary Speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics Olympic medalists in speed skating Olympic cauldron lighters World record setters in speed skating Canadian female speed skaters Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics Olympic bronze medalists for Canada Canadian women television personalities

Héctor Abad Faciolince

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<mask> (born 1958) is a Colombian novelist, essayist, journalist, and editor. <mask> is considered one of the most talented post-Latin American Boom writers in Latin American literature. <mask> is best known for his bestselling novel Angosta, and more recently, El Olvido que Seremos (t. Oblivion: A Memoir). Background <mask> was born and raised in Medellín (Colombia), the only boy -among five sisters- of Cecilia Faciolince and <mask>. <mask>’s father was a prominent medical doctor, university professor, and human rights leader whose holistic vision of healthcare led him to found the Colombian National School of Public Health. After graduating from an Opus Dei-run private Catholic school, <mask> moved to Mexico City in 1978 where his father was appointed as Cultural Counselor of the Colombian Embassy in Mexico. While in Mexico, he attended literature, creative writing and poetry workshops at La Casa del Lago, the first off campus cultural center of the National Autonomous University of Mexico.In 1979, <mask> moved back to Medellín and pursued studies in Philosophy and Literature at the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Later in 1982, he was expelled from the University for writing an irreverent article against the Pope. He then moved to Italy and completed studies on Modern Languages and Literature at the University of Turin in 1986. <mask> graduated with the highest academic honors of summa cum laude, and his thesis on Guillermo Cabrera Infante's 1967 novel Tres tristes tigres was also awarded "Dignitá di Stampa" (a special distinction that literally means "worthy of publication"). <mask> returned to his home town in Colombia in 1987, but later that year his father was murdered by the paramilitaries in a crime that brought about shock in Colombia. <mask> himself was threatened with death and had to fly back immediately to Europe; first to Spain and finally to Italy, where he established his residence for the next five years. While in Italy, <mask> worked as a lecturer of Spanish at the University of Verona until 1992.At this time, he also earned a living translating literary works from Italian to Spanish. His translations of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa’s The Siren and Selected Writings, Gesualdo Bufalino’s Qui Pro Quo and Umberto Eco’s Annotations to The Name of the Rose have been well received critically. He has also translated numerous works by Italo Calvino, Leonardo Sciascia, Primo Levi, and Natalia Ginzburg. Upon returning to Colombia, <mask> was appointed director of the University of Antioquia Journal (1993–1997). <mask> has been columnist for prestigious newspapers and magazines in Colombia, such as Revista Cromos, La Hoja, El Malpensante, Revista Semana, and Revista Cambio, the last co-founded by the Nobel Prize–winning Colombian author Gabriel García Márquez. He has also worked as a journalist for the newspapers El Mundo, El Colombiano, and El Espectador. He is a regular contributor to other Latin American and Spanish papers and magazines.<mask> has been a guest speaker at a number of universities worldwide, including Columbia University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Verona, University of Turin, University of Cagliari, University of Bologna, and University of Florence. He has also been seasonal lecturer at the Università del Piemonte Orientale in Vercelli. Awarded the prestigious German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) fellowship, <mask> lived in Berlin from 2006 to 2007. He later returned to Medellín and was appointed editor-in-chief of the EAFIT University Press. Since May 2008, <mask> has been a member of the editorial board of El Espectador, the oldest newspaper in Colombia. In 2014 he was the 31st Samuel Fischer Visiting Professor at the Peter Szondi Institute of Comparative Literature at the Free University of Berlin, where he taught a seminar entitled "Literature and Violence". <mask> is an atheist.Writing <mask> started his literary career at a very young age. He was just 12 years old when he wrote his first short stories and poetry works. <mask> was twenty one years of age when he was awarded the 1980 Colombian National Short Story Prize for Piedras de Silencio (t. Stones of Silence), a short story about a miner trapped deep underground. While still in Italy, he published his first book, Malos Pensamientos (1991) but it was only upon returning to Colombia in 1993, that <mask> become a full-time writer. <mask> forms part of a new generation of authors that emerges in Colombia beyond magical realism. Among a notably circle of new Colombian writers such as Santiago Gamboa, Jorge Franco, Laura Restrepo, and others(1), <mask>’s literary works often focus on the personality of the narrator and the act of narration in its pursuit of protection and power. The richness, plot, irony, permanent enticement of the reader, the intensity of his stories, as well as the seriousness of the social, historical, and human research behind his confessional narrative, stand <mask> as a brilliant recreator of the contemporary Colombian society through literature.Malos Pensamientos (1991) is a sort of James Joyce’s Dubliners short tales that offer vivid, witty, and tightly focused observations of Medellín’s everyday life back in the eighties. Asuntos de un Hidalgo Disoluto (1994; Eng. The Joy of Being Awake, 1996) deliberately models itself on two key 18th-century works: Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy and Voltaire's Candide. Like Sterne's eccentric novel, The Joy of Being Awake is a bittersweet account of the life and opinions of a man at odds with himself, narrated in nonchronological fashion with plenty of entertaining digressions and the occasional formal game. Narrated by a character who is a 71-year-old Colombian millionaire, this work is a Colombian version of the Spanish picaresque novel. Writing at the end of his life, the narrator looks back on his life of debauchery – and the failure of his high pretensions – through reminiscences to his younger mute secretary and lover, Cunegunda Bonaventura. The narrator often gives two versions of a memory: first what he wishes had happened and then what really happened.<mask>'s novel has a surface geniality that barely conceals undercurrents of discontent and despair. (2) This novel is considered as one of the better works of fiction to appear recently in Colombia. Tratado de Culinaria para Mujeres Tristes (1996; t: Recipes for Sad Women) is a book of uncertain literary genre that combines a collection of false recipes (coelacanth, dinosaur, or mammoth meat) with real recipes. The book is neither a novel nor a collection of recipes, but rather a collection of sensitive short reflections about unhappiness. With a love for droll turns of phrase, <mask> blends melancholy with even-seasoned irony in well-composed sentences. Fragmentos de Amor Furtivo (1998; t: Fragments of Furtive Love). adopts the framework of the book of One Thousand and One Nights in modified form.Every night, a woman delays her lover's departure by telling him stories of her past lovers. As a background, <mask> portraits a 1990s middle-class Medellín as a city besieged by pestilence and disenchantment, the most violent city in the world, where the intensity of violence buried its inhabitants alive. As in the Decameron, Susana and Rodrigo lock themselves up in the hills, far away from the city pestilence, and tell each other stories that would save them from death. Basura (2000; t: Garbage) is perhaps <mask>’s most experimental work. It alludes to role models, such as the storytellers Kafka or Pavese who were angst ridden for life, and tells of a writer, Bernardo Davanzati, who tosses his works directly into the garbage can. His neighbour finds the texts and over time turns into an assiduous and diligent reader, to whom the many woes of being a writer are revealed. The act of writing and the role of the reader in literature are topics which are highlighted time and again.Palabras sueltas (2002; t. Loose Words) is a book of brief cultural and political essays that were compiled from <mask>’s most successful columns written for newspapers and cultural magazines. Oriente Empieza en El Cairo (2002; t. East begins in Cairo) is a fascinating chronicle of a man’s voyage around the millenary Egypt. The narrator, accompanied by two wives, depicts two versions of the everyday reality of a mythical mega-city that brings memories of other realities, images, and stories lived in distant Medellín. Angosta (2004). Echoes of Hyperrealism rather than Magic Realism are clearly present in this award-winning novel. In a fantastical parable of Colombian society, <mask> describes a fictitious city whose population has been divided into three different castes living in

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separate sectors. Against the backdrop of the violent perpetuation of this system, a kaleidoscope of eccentrics from the ruling class is depicted.The novel recreates Colombia’s last years of violence with enormous synthetic capacity, complexity and efficiency, and a great deal of knowledge about the conflict. <mask> provides us with one of the very best novels on the second wave of violence during the twentieth century in Colombia. (4) In March 2007, the Colombian magazine Semana published a list of the best work of fiction written in Spanish over the last 25 years. Among the thirty books to have received multiple votes was <mask>'s Angosta. El Olvido que Seremos (2006; t. Oblivion: A Memoir). It took <mask> nearly 20 years to get the courage to write this book about his father, his life and the circumstances of his murder by Colombian paramilitaries. The result is a cathartic and sentimental—but not clichéd—account of a man who fought against oppression, and social inequality and whose voice was shut down by six bullets in the head.The narration itself—which focuses more on the father’s activism and the father figure per se than on the man himself—was a process for the author; <mask> goes beyond memory, opening up his own feelings and responses to his loss and depicts his father as the symbol of the ongoing fight against injustice, thus, illuminating and strengthening the Colombian memory. Las Formas de la Pereza y Otros Ensayos (2007; t. The Forms of Laziness and Other Essays) is a book about the origin and manifestations of laziness. The author’s hypothesis is that laziness would not be a luxury but the original condition of human existence, and the starting point of all subsequent human creations. An extensive bibliography about his writings has been prepared by Professor Augusto Escobar Mesa from the University of Antioquia, and the Université de Montréal. Columnist <mask> started to write in Newspapers and Magazines since he was in school and later when he was in college. After college, he wrote in newspapers such as El Espectador and continued for more than 15 years. In <mask>’s writings, one can see his incisive character when writing about controversial subjects such as globalization, religion, corruption, etc.Jiménez confirms that one can see the reoccurring themes in <mask>’s columns, which are: rhetoric, personal themes, writing jobs, literary structures, phobias, science, against globalization, Medellín and religion. In the newspaper El Espectador, Faciolince publishes a weekly column where he clearly expresses his opinion. By doing this, he allows one to see sections that talk about writing and grammar in the 21st century Faciolince, in collaborations in literature magazines like El Malpensante, exhibits his critical view of literature, what he considers to be a good writer and a good book. One can find articles like Por qué es tan malo Paulo Coelho, where one can infer things such as: If Coelho sells more books than all of the other Brazilian writers combined, then that means his books are foolish and elementary. If they were profound books, literarily complex, with serious ideas and well elaborated, the public would not buy them because the masses tend to be uneducated and have very bad taste. <mask> does not try to be a best-seller but creates complete characters like Gaspar Medina in the novel Asuntos de un hidalgo disoluto, where one can see Medina's periodization of being a hidalgo and dissolute. Or, likewise, explain relevant themes like in his novel Angosta where it "takes elements of actual Colombian reality like poverty, subjects of economics and politics, subversive groups, etc.later for parody and exaggeration in the near future." Reception 1980. Colombian National Short Story Prize for Piedras de Silencio 1996. National Creative Writing Scholarship; Colombian Ministry of Culture for Fragmentos de Amor Furtivo. 1998. Simón Bolívar National Prize in Journalism. 2000.1st Casa de America Award for Innovative American Narrative for Basura. 2004. Best Spanish Language Book of the Year (People’s Republic of China) for Angosta. 2006. German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) fellowship. 2007. National Book Award; Libros & Letras Latin American and Colombian Cultural Magazine for El Olvido que Seremos.2007. Simón Bolívar National Prize in Journalism. 2010. Casa de America Latina, Lisboa 2012. WOLA-Duke University Human Rights Book Award Published works Malos Pensamientos (1991) Asuntos de un Hidalgo Disoluto (1994; Eng. The Joy of Being Awake, 1996) Tratado de Culinaria para Mujeres Tristes (1996; t: Cookbook for Sad Women) Fragmentos de Amor Furtivo (1998; t: Fragments of Furtive Love) Basura (2000; t: Garbage) Palabras Sueltas (2002; t: Loose Words) Oriente Empieza en El Cairo (2002) Angosta (2004) El Olvido que Seremos (2006; The Oblivion We Shall Be)(Published in the United States as Oblivion, 2012) Las Formas de la Pereza y Otros Ensayos (2007; t: The Forms of Laziness and Other Essays) El Amanecer de un Marido (2008; t: The Awakening of a Husband) Traiciones de la Memoria (2009; t: Treasons of Memory) Testamento involuntario (2011, poetry) La Oculta (2014, novel) Lo que fue presente (2019, diaries 1985-2006) Translated works English: 1996. The Joy of Being Awake (Asuntos de un Hidalgo Disoluto), pub.by Brookline Books in the US 2010. Oblivion: A Memoir (El olvido que seremos), pub. by Old Street Publishing in the UK, and in 2012 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in the US (2012) 2012. Recipes for Sad Women (Tratado de Culinaria para Mujeres Tristes), pub. by Pushkin Press in the UK 2018 The Farm (La Oculta)' Archipelago Press in the US Italian: 1997. Trattato di Culinaria per Donne Tristi (Tratado de Culinaria para Mujeres Tristes). 2008.Scarti (Basura). 2009. L'oblio che saremo (El Olvido que Seremos). German: 2001. Kulinarisches Traktat für traurige Frauen (Tratado de Culinaria para Mujeres Tristes). 2009. Brief an einen Schatten: Eine Geschichte aus Kolumbien (El olvido que seremos).2011. Das Gedicht in der Tasche. 2016. La Oculta. Greek: 2000. Συvtα¡έs ¡ια απо¡оntευ έs ¡υvαίkεs (Tratado de Culinaria para Mujeres Tristes) Portuguese: 2001. Receitas de Amor para Mulheres Tristes (Tratado de Culinaria para Mujeres Tristes).2001. Fragmentos de Amor Furtivo (Fragmentos de Amor Furtivo). 2009. Somos o Esquecimento que Seremos (El Olvido que Seremos). 2011. A Ausência que seremos (Companhia das Letras) 2012. Livro de receitas para mulheres tristes 2012.Os Dias de Davanzati (Basura). Chinese: 2005. 深谷幽城 (Angosta) The four Chinese characters mean, respectively: deep, valley, faint or dim, and castle, so an attempt to a translation would be "The deep valley and the dim castle". <mask> <mask> Faciolince's name is rendered in Chinese as 埃克托尔·阿瓦德·法西奥林塞. Dutch: 2010. Het vergeten dat ons wacht (El Olvido que Seremos). 2016.'De geheime droom van het land'(La Oculta). French: 2010. L'oubli que nous serons (Gallimard) 2010. Angosta (Lattès) 2010. Traité culinaire à l'usage des femmes tristes (Lattès) Arabic: 2014 النسيان (El Olvido que seremos) Rumanian: 2014. Suntem deja uitarea ce vom fi (Curtea Veche) Ukrainian: 2021. Ми забуття, яке настане (El Olvido que Seremos), pub.by Publishing House Compás References (1) New Generation of Novelists Emerges in Colombia. The New York Times; April 6 (2003). (2) Moore, Steven. "Fiction in Translation." Washington Post Book World, 22 December 1996, p. 9. (3) Moyano Martin, D (editor). Handbook of Latin American Studies; Vol.56. University of Texas Press (1999). (4) Osorio, O. Poligramas 22 (2005). (5) Jiménez, C (2006). Héctor <mask> Faciolince: vida y obra de un quitapesares. Undergraduate thesis, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Colombia.External links Testimonios sobre El Olvido que Seremos (t. Testimonies on "The Oblivion We Shall Be") Spanish. Pie de Pagina, 2007. Interview "La hojarasca" - # 27 - March 2007 Spanish. Biography of the international literature festival berlin "Héctor <mask> Faciolince" by Catalina Quesada Gómez (published in The Contemporary Spanish American-Novel: Bolaño and After, 2013) Review by Mario Vargas Llosa Héctor <mask> Faciolince recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division's audio literary archive on November 24, 2015 Catalina Quesada y Kristine Vanden Berghe, El libro y la vida. Ensayos críticos sobre la obra de Héctor <mask> Faciolince. EAFIT/Université de Liège, 2019. 1958 births Colombian male writers Living people People from Medellín University of Turin alumni Colombian essayists Male essayists Colombian atheists Colombian atheist writers Colombian expatriates in Mexico Colombian expatriates in Italy Colombian expatriates in

Edgar Davids

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<mask> (; born 13 March 1973) is a Dutch-Surinamese former professional footballer and current coach. After beginning his career with Ajax, winning several domestic and international titles, he subsequently played in Italy for Milan, and later enjoyed a successful spell with Juventus, before being loaned out to Barcelona in 2004. He went on to play for Inter Milan and Tottenham Hotspur before returning to Ajax. Having struggled with injuries for two years, <mask> returned to competitive football during a brief spell with Crystal Palace before retiring at the age of 37. In 2012, he was appointed player-manager at the English League Two club Barnet. He resigned by mutual agreement as manager in January 2014. He was capped 74 times by the Netherlands at international level, scoring six goals, and represented his country at the FIFA World Cup (once) and the UEFA European Championship (three times).One of the greatest and most recognisable players of his generation, Davids often stood out on the football field due to his dreadlocked hair and the protective goggles he wore due to glaucoma. A combative and energetic, yet creative and skilful midfielder, <mask> was nicknamed "The Pitbull" by Louis van Gaal because of his marking ability, aggression, and hard tackling style of play. In 2004, he was one of the players chosen by Pelé to feature in the FIFA 100, his list of the world's greatest living footballers. Early life <mask> was born in Suriname and is of Afro-Surinamese and partial Jewish descent from his maternal grandmother. The family moved to the Netherlands when Davids was an infant. His cousin Lorenzo is also a footballer. Club career Ajax After being rejected on two previous occasions by the club, <mask> started his career at the age of 12 with Ajax.He made his first team debut on 6 September 1991 in a 5–1 home win over RKC Waalwijk. He helped the Amsterdam club to three domestic Eredivisie titles, as well as continental success with the 1992 UEFA Cup and the 1995 UEFA Champions League. In the 1996 UEFA Champions League final, he missed Ajax's first penalty in the shoot-out, which they ultimately lost to Juventus. While at Ajax, <mask> was nicknamed "The Pitbull" by Ajax manager Louis van Gaal due to his fierce style of play in the team's midfield. Milan and Juventus At the start of the 1996–97 season, <mask> moved to Italy to play for Milan on a free transfer alongside team-mate Michael Reiziger, both early beneficiaries of the "Bosman ruling". In an unsuccessful season in which defending champions Milan changed their manager twice and finished 11th in Serie A, <mask> broke his leg in a 1–0 defeat at Perugia on 23 February 1997. After failing to recover his place in the team he was allowed to join league rivals Juventus in December 1997 for a reduced 9 billion Italian lire (£3 million) transfer fee.At Juventus he soon became a permanent first team member in the midfield, usually playing on the left flank or in the centre, as a defensive midfielder, forming a notable midfield partnership alongside French playmaker Zinedine Zidane. Six successful years in Turin followed, with <mask> helping the side to the Serie A title in 1998, 2002 and 2003, as well as two Supercoppa Italiana and the UEFA Intertoto Cup. Juventus manager Marcello Lippi once described him as "my one-man engine room". <mask> was often inspirational in Europe, playing 15 times as the club made it all the way to the 2002–03 Champions League final before losing to Milan on penalties. He had also previously managed to reach the Champions League final with Juventus in 1998, followed by a semi-final finish during the 1998–99 season, as well as reaching the 2002 Coppa Italia Final. Barcelona (loan) <mask> joined Barcelona on loan in January 2004 from Juventus. Joining midway through a season where the club was struggling in mid-table and recently appointed manager Frank Rijkaard was under considerable pressure, <mask> led Barça's successful resurgence of form which saw them finishing second to Valencia in La Liga.<mask>' arrival has been cited as the catalyst for the Catalan club's dominance of Spanish and European football during the mid-to-late 2000s (decade), with Barcelona winning La Liga the following season (after five years without winning the league title) and a La Liga and Champions League double in 2005–06. Inter Milan and Tottenham Hotspur In the summer of 2004, <mask> permanently moved on to Italian club Inter Milan on a three-year contract. When Inter terminated the remaining years of his contract in August 2005, he moved to England on a free transfer to play for Tottenham Hotspur. He had a successful stay at Tottenham and instantly became a fan favourite. His first and only goal was in a 2–1 away win against Wigan Athletic. Davids played for Spurs in the 2005–06 and the 2006–07 seasons, with the club finishing fifth in both seasons. Return to Ajax <mask> signed once more for Ajax on 28 January 2007 and played his first match against club rivals Feyenoord on 4 February.After the mid-season switch, <mask> proved his value for the Ajax team again. He was one of the key midfielders in the run for the Dutch championship that was lost on one single goal to PSV on the final day of the league. He also played a major role in Ajax's cup campaign. He secured the KNVB Cup for Ajax by scoring the final penalty in a thrilling penalty shoot-out against AZ. Prior to the start of the 2007–08 season, <mask>' leg was broken in a pre-season friendly against Go Ahead Eagles, sidelining him for around three months. In May 2008, <mask> said he would leave Ajax when his contract expired on 30 June. Davids played against the LA Galaxy on 6 December 2008 in an exhibition match held at Mount Smart Stadium in Auckland, New Zealand, as part of an Oceania XI All-Star team, despite the fact he is not from Oceania and has never played for an Oceanic club or national team.<mask> was in contract negotiations with English Championship club Leicester City from 22 October 2009, however he failed to make a decision for over a week and the club withdrew their offer on 30 October. Crystal Palace On 20 August 2010, <mask> agreed a pay-as-you-play deal with English Championship club Crystal Palace. He made his debut on 24 August 2010 at left-back in the Second Round of the League Cup against Portsmouth. On 8 November 2010, he announced his departure from the club, stating it was "one of the greatest experiences of my life". International career <mask> made his debut for the Netherlands national team on 20 April 1994 in Tilburg, in a 1-0 defeat to the Republic of Ireland. He quickly became an integral part of the squad for the next decade, though he failed to win any major tournaments for the Oranje. During UEFA Euro 1996, he was sent home by then manager Guus Hiddink for saying in a radio interview, "Hiddink should stop putting his head in some players' asses."Nonetheless, Davids remained appreciated by Hiddink, who included him in the Dutch squad for the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. <mask>' most notable performance for the national team came in the second round match against FR Yugoslavia. He scored the winning goal in the last minute of the game and ensured that the Dutch team went through to the next round to meet Argentina. The Netherlands eventually finished fourth overall and <mask> was named to the official FIFA "Team of the Tournament". In 1999, <mask> began wearing protective glasses following surgery in his right eye caused by glaucoma, which developed in 1995 following eye injuries. <mask> first wore them on 4 September 1999 in a friendly match against Belgium. On 17 May 2001, <mask> was suspended by FIFA when he tested positive for the banned anabolic steroid, nandrolone.Davids played in Euro 2000, where the Netherlands reached the semi-finals before losing to Italy via penalty shootout. <mask> was again named as part of the "Team of the Tournament". During the Netherlands' Euro 2004 qualifying matches, <mask> scored the Netherlands' first qualifying goal in their opening 3–0 victory against Belarus, and subsequently played in five of the remaining seven Group 3 fixtures and both legs of the play-off victory against Scotland. After Euro 2004, new national team coach Marco van Basten appointed <mask> as captain of the team. However, lack of first team football at his club Inter meant <mask> lost his place in the national team in October 2004, thus losing the captain's armband in the process, which was later handed to goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar. In October 2005, during the latter stages of qualifying for the 2006 World Cup, <mask> was recalled to the national team, though not as captain. He fell out of the picture again shortly after, thereby missing out on the Dutch squad for the World Cup.Style of play A quick, hard-working, tenacious team player, gifted with power and pace, as well as exceptional physical strength and stamina in spite of his diminutive stature. Davids was renowned for his dynamic and combative style of play, tight marking of opponents, and ability to break down opposition plays as a defensive midfielder. In addition to his ball-winning ability, as well as his physical and athletic attributes, <mask> was also a highly talented and creative player, who was known for his outstanding technique, vision, acceleration, close control, quick footwork, and ball-juggling skills; his technical ability and prowess at street soccer and as a freestyle footballer earned him the nickname "The Mayor of the Street" in his youth. Davids was also a powerful striker of the ball, as well as being an accurate passer and crosser with his excellent left foot, which enabled him to create chances for teammates after winning back possession. His tactical intelligence, awareness, and ability to read the game, combined with his speed, energy, tackling, vision, and dribbling ability, allowed him to start counter-attacks after winning back possession and also enabled him to carry the ball forward, make attacking runs, and contribute to his team's offensive play by linking up the defence and the attack effectively. His versatility and wide range of skills thus enabled him to be deployed in several other midfield positions throughout his career; he was capable of playing as a left midfielder, or as a central or box-to-box midfielder, or even as a left back, and in his youth, was also deployed as an attacking midfielder, or as a second striker on occasion. Regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of his generation, although he received acclaim for his playing ability and leadership as a footballer, Davids also gained a degree of infamy due to his strong character, temper, and outspokenness, which often led him to be involved in conflicts with his managers; he also struggled with injuries throughout his career.Due to his aggressive and hard-tackling playing style, Davids earned several nicknames throughout his career, such as "The Piranha", "Tubarão" (The Shark), and most notably, "The Pitbull". Media Davids has appeared in commercials for the American sportswear company Nike. In 1996, he starred in a Nike commercial titled "Good vs Evil" in a gladiatorial game set in a Roman amphitheatre. Appearing alongside football players from around the world, including Ronaldo, Paolo Maldini, Eric Cantona, Patrick Kluivert and Jorge Campos, they defend "the beautiful game" against a team of demonic warriors, before it culminates with Cantona striking the ball and destroying evil. In a global Nike advertising campaign in the run-up to the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, <mask> starred in a "Secret Tournament" commercial (branded by Nike as "Scorpion KO") directed by Terry Gilliam, appearing alongside football players such as Thierry Henry, Ronaldinho, Francesco Totti, Luís Figo and Japanese star Hidetoshi Nakata, with former player Eric Cantona the tournament "referee". <mask> features in EA Sports' FIFA video game series, and was selected to appear on the cover of FIFA Football 2003 alongside Manchester United winger Ryan Giggs and Brazilian international Roberto Carlos. The online game League of Legends by Riot Games used <mask>' likeness for a character skin called Striker Lucian without permission.Davids sued, and Dutch courts ruled that Riot Games must compensate Davids a percentage of their earnings from the skin. Coaching career Ajax In June 2011, <mask> was elected to the new supervisory board at Ajax alongside Johan Cruyff. Barnet Since 2010, <mask> had been living in North London with his partner and had been participating in street football as well as managing Sunday league amateur side Brixton United. On 11 October 2012, <mask> joined League Two side Barnet in a player-manager role, alongside Mark Robson. The next day, on his managerial debut, Barnet lost 4–1 at Underhill to Plymouth Argyle, with <mask> leaving himself out of the squad. They followed this up with a 4–0 home win over Northampton Town where Davids played the full match, captaining the team and being voted Man of the Match. In November, he started against Morecambe which Barnet lost 4–1.Near the end of December 2012, following the departure of Robson, <mask> took charge of the club by himself. <mask> scored his first goal for Barnet in February 2013 in a 2–0 home victory over Southend United. In March 2013, on the return journey from a defeat at Accrington Stanley, Davids sent the Barnet team coach back to pick up 36 supporters whose coach had broken down on the motorway and take them to the next service station. Despite initially guiding Barnet off the foot of League Two, and lifting them out of the relegation zone, Barnet dropped back into the bottom two on the final day of the 2012–13 season, following a defeat to Northampton Town, and were relegated out of the Football League at the expense of AFC Wimbledon who were able to escape by beating Fleetwood Town. On 21 May 2013, it was announced that <mask> would remain in charge of Barnet for the club's 2013–14 Conference Premier season. In July 2013, <mask> announced his decision to wear the number 1 shirt for the 2013–14 season, a shirt number traditionally worn by goalkeepers, saying that he intended to "set a trend" of midfielders wearing the number 1 shirt. Discipline was a major problem for Davids in the 2013–14 season.He was booked in each of the first eight league games he played, and sent off in three of them. There was also controversy when it emerged that he would not attend away games that required an overnight stay, leaving assistant manager Ulrich Landvreugd to take charge. In December 2013, <mask> considered retiring from football after being sent off for the third time in the season in Barnet's 2–1 defeat by Salisbury City. <mask> resigned from his post as manager on 18 January 2014. In June 2014, Southern Counties East Football League side Greenwich Borough announced they were "in advanced talks" with Davids, with chairman Perry Skinner stating that he was "70% sure he'll come on board". The following month it was announced the club's attempt to sign <mask> had been unsuccessful. Telstar In 2020, <mask> was appointed assistant coach of Dutch Eerste Divisie club Telstar.Olhanense On January 4, 2021, <mask> was announced as the head coach of Portuguese side, S.C. Olhanense. He was sacked on 19 July 2021. Personal life Davids was engaged to fashion designer Olcay Gulsen. In 1999, Davids started his own Street Soccer brand called Monta Street. Davids won a lawsuit filed in a Dutch court against League of Legends developer Riot Games for using his likeness in an in-game association football-themed skin for the champion Lucian without his permission. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list the Netherlands goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Davids goal. Managerial statistics Honours Ajax Eredivisie: 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96 KNVB Cup: 1992–93, 2006–07 Johan Cruyff Shield: 1995 UEFA Champions League: 1994–95 UEFA Cup: 1991–92 UEFA Super Cup: 1995 Intercontinental Cup: 1995 Juventus Serie A: 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03 Supercoppa Italiana: 2002, 2003 Inter Milan Coppa Italia: 2004–05 Netherlands FIFA World Cup fourth place: 1998 Individual UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2000 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1998 FIFA 100 See also List of select Jewish football (association; soccer) players References External links Profile at www.voetbalstats.nl <mask>s his fashion label Monta Street Soccer 1973 births Living people Sportspeople from Paramaribo Association football midfielders Dutch footballers Netherlands under-21 international footballers Netherlands international footballers Surinamese emigrants to the Netherlands Surinamese people of Jewish descent UEFA Euro 1996 players 1998 FIFA World Cup players UEFA Euro 2000 players UEFA Euro 2004 players FIFA 100 UEFA Champions League winning players UEFA Cup winning players AFC Ajax players A.C. Milan players Juventus F.C.players FC Barcelona players Inter Milan players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Crystal Palace F.C. players Barnet F.C. players Dutch expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Italy Expatriate footballers in England Expatriate footballers in Spain La Liga players Serie A players Eredivisie players Premier League players English Football League players National League (English football) players Doping cases in association football Dutch sportspeople in doping cases Dutch football managers Dutch expatriate football managers Barnet F.C. managers Expatriate football managers in England Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Italy Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Spain Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England English Football League managers National League (English football) managers Association football player-managers SC Telstar non-playing staff

Jordi Gómez

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<mask> (; born 24 May 1985) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Cypriot club Omonia as a central midfielder. After playing for the reserve teams of both Barcelona and Espanyol, he went on to spend the vast majority of his career in England, mainly with Wigan Athletic, with whom he won the FA Cup in 2013. Club career Early years Born in Barcelona, Catalonia, <mask> emerged through FC Barcelona's youth ranks, and played once for the first team in competitive games, coming on for Thiago Motta in the 68th minute of a 6–0 win against Zamora CF for the Copa del Rey, on 11 January 2006. <mask> completed his formation with neighbours RCD Espanyol, and made his official debut with the latter in a 0–4 away defeat to Real Murcia on 23 March 2008. He appeared in a further two La Liga matches during his tenure, always as a second-half substitute. Swansea City On 6 June 2008, <mask> signed for Swansea City of the Football League Championship on a season-long loan, for a fee of £200,000– teammate Albert Serrán also made the move, albeit in a permanent situation. He scored the winning goal with a deflected free kick against rivals Cardiff City on 23 September, in the first South Wales derby for seven years.<mask> was described by scouts as having "a lovely ability to receive the ball in space or if he is marked tightly, find space after his first touch". Whilst on loan, reports surfaced that Swansea wanted to sign him permanently and other teams were supposedly interested in acquiring his services, but nothing came of it, as manager Roberto Martínez eventually announced the club would not be able to retain the player due to his high price tag. Wigan Athletic <mask> finished the season with 14 goals in all competitions and returned to Espanyol, being immediately sold to Premier League side Wigan Athletic on a three-year contract on 19 June 2009, with the transfer fee estimated to be in the region of £1.7 million – the move also meant he would be reunited with former Swansea boss, countryman Martínez. He made his debut in a 2–0 victory over Aston Villa on 15 August, and netted his first goal for the club against Birmingham City on 5 December, albeit in a 2–3 home loss. <mask> scored his second league goal in a 2–0 defeat of Wolverhampton Wanderers on 2 October 2010. However, during the match, he escaped suffering a leg injury after a challenge from Karl Henry. On 17 December 2011, <mask> scored the equaliser for the hosts in a 1–1 draw against Chelsea, his fourth goal in five league games.He netted the second goal at Arsenal in the eighth minute of an eventual 2–1 away win on 16 April 2012 at the Emirates Stadium, and the Latics once again managed to avoid relegation. On 28 August 2012, <mask> scored once as Wigan defeated Nottingham Forest 4–1 away to reach the third round of the Football League Cup. On 24 November he netted a hat-trick to help his club win 3–2 at home against Reading at the DW Stadium, becoming just the second Spaniard to achieve the feat in the Premier League after Fernando Torres. On 9 March 2013, <mask> provided the cross from which Maynor Figueroa opened the scoring at Everton, and he himself added the final 3–0 for his team's third goal in as many minutes, in an eventual qualification to the semi-finals of the FA Cup. He helped them win the competition, being replaced after 81 minutes by Ben Watson, who went on to score the winning goal; however, only three days later, with him on the pitch again, the side were relegated from the top division following a 1–4 away defeat to Arsenal. <mask> remained at Wigan for their first season back in the Championship, and also took part in the club's inaugural campaign in the UEFA Europa League. On 12 December 2013, in the last group stage match, he scored a penalty kick to put his team ahead at NK Maribor, but the Slovene ultimately won 2–1.Sunderland On 29 May 2014, <mask> signed a three-year deal with Sunderland on a free transfer after his contract at Wigan expired. He made his debut on 16 August, coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Jack Rodwell in a 2–2 draw away to West Bromwich Albion, and scored his first goal 11 days later August in a 3–0 League Cup second round victory at Birmingham City. <mask> scored his first league goal for his new team on 3 November, the second in a 3–1 away win over Crystal Palace. His third goal of the campaign came on 13 December, where he scored a penalty to open the scoring in a 1–1 draw at home to West Ham United. On 3 February 2015, <mask> netted another penalty in a 3–1 win at Fulham in an FA Cup fourth round replay. On 2 May, again from 12 yards, he scored once in each half as the Black Cats defeated Southampton 2–1 at the Stadium of Light. The following week, his shot was deflected in by Danny Graham to give the latter his first Sunderland goal, in a 2–0 away victory over Everton; still in that month, he was ruled out for the last three games of the season with a fractured kneecap.In the last minutes of the 2016 winter transfer window, after making only six appearances in the first half of the season, <mask> was loaned to Championship club Blackburn Rovers until June. He scored in his debut on 6 February, helping to a 1–1 draw at Middlesbrough. Three weeks later he netted twice, including a last-minute winner from a 30-yard free kick in a 3–2 win against Milton Keynes Dons at Ewood Park. Later career On 17 August 2016, <mask> rejoined Wigan Athletic on a one-year contract. He returned to Spain after nearly nine years on 31 January 2017, signing with Rayo Vallecano of the Segunda División. <mask> moved to Bulgarian club PFC Levski Sofia on 6 July 2017, on a two-year deal. Thirteen months later he switched countries again, to AC Omonia of the Cypriot First Division.His team was leading the 2019–20 championship when the season was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic; although they were not awarded the title, they did secure a place in the qualifying rounds of the UEFA Champions League. On 29 October 2020, <mask> scored a goal from inside his own half in a 2–1 home loss against PSV Eindhoven in the Europa League group phase. He ended the domestic league as a champion, Omonia's first in 11 years, and committed himself to the Nicosia side for one more season. Career statistics Honours Club Wigan Athletic FA Cup: 2012–13 Omonia Cypriot First Division: 2020–21 Cypriot Super Cup: 2021 Individual Football League Championship Team of the Year: 2008–09 Wigan Athletic Player of the Year: 2013–14 References External links Levski Sofia official profile 1985 births Living people Footballers from Barcelona Spanish footballers Association football midfielders La Liga players Segunda División players Segunda División B players Tercera División players FC Barcelona C players FC Barcelona B players FC Barcelona players RCD Espanyol B footballers RCD Espanyol footballers Rayo Vallecano players Premier League players English Football League players Swansea City A.F.C. players Wigan Athletic F.C. players Sunderland A.F.C. players Blackburn Rovers F.C.players First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players PFC Levski Sofia players Cypriot First Division players AC Omonia players FA Cup Final players Spain youth international footballers Spanish expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Wales Expatriate footballers in England Expatriate footballers in Bulgaria Expatriate footballers in Cyprus Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Wales Spanish expatriate sportspeople in England Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus

Leo I, Prince of Armenia

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<mask> (), also Levon I or <mask> I, (unknown – Constantinople, February 14, 1140) was the fifth lord of Armenian Cilicia or “Lord of the Mountains” (1129/1130-1137). He learned to exploit the open, yet restrained, hostilities between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader principalities of Edessa and Antioch. Most of his successes benefited from Byzantium’s pre-occupation with the threats of Zengi (the atabeg of Mosul) from Aleppo and the lack of effective Frankish rule, especially in the Principality of Antioch. He expanded his rule over the Cilician plains and even to the Mediterranean shores. In his time, relations between the Armenians and the Franks (the Crusaders), two former allies, were not always as courteous as before: a major cause of dissension between them was the ownership of the strongholds of the southern Amanus, and on the neighboring coasts of the Gulf of Alexandretta. <mask> was captured after being invited to a meeting by the Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus, who had sworn a false promise of peace. <mask> and two of his sons were taken captive and imprisoned in Constantinople where <mask> died shortly after.His early life <mask> was the younger son of Constantine I, lord of Armenian Cilicia. It is likely that his mother was the great-granddaughter of Bardas Phokas. When Constantine I died, <mask>’s brother Thoros I succeeded him; <mask> may have ruled in the eastern part of “the Mountains” during the lifetime of his brother (although the basis of this proposition is not known). Sometime between 1100 and 1103, Count Baldwin II of Edessa gave his sister in marriage to <mask>; but the name and origin of his wife are not known with certainty. It is also possible that his wife was Baldwin II’s sister-in-law, a daughter of the Armenian Gabriel of Melitene. In 1111, Sultan Malik Shah of Iconium entered Armenian territories, and two of the commanders of <mask>’s brother were killed in battle. Saddened by this loss, <mask> was so enraged that he launched a savage attack against the Turks and drove them into retreat.In 1118, <mask> assigned by his brother brought a contingent to help Prince Roger of Antioch at the siege of Azaz (today A'zāz in Syria). His rule Thoros I died in 1129 (or in 1130), and his son Constantine II died a few months later, in the course of a palace intrigue. Other authors (e.g., Jacob G. Ghazarian, Vahan M. Kurkjian) suggest that Thoros I died without a male heir and was directly succeeded by <mask>. Conflicts with the Franks In February 1130, Bohemond II, Prince of Antioch, whose ambition was to restore his principality, thought that the moment had come to recover Anazarbus (a former Antiochene town which had fallen into the possession of Thoros I). He marched with a small force up the river Jihan towards his objective. <mask> was alarmed and appealed for help to the Danishmend emir, Ghazi. As Bohemond II progressed carelessly up the river, meeting only light resistance from the Armenians, the Danishmend Turks fell on him and massacred the whole of his army.However, it was due to Byzantine intervention that the Turks did not follow up their victory; and Anazarbus remained in Armenian hands – Michael the Syrian says that John II Comnenus at once started an offensive against the Turks. Soon after Bohemond II’ death, <mask> protected in his rear by an alliance with the Danishmend emir, descended into the plain; after a brief unsuccessful siege of Seleucia, he seized the three cities of Mamistra, Tarsus and Adana in 1131. In 1133, <mask> captured Sarventikar, on the slopes of the Amanus Mountains, from Baldwin of Marash. But the Armenian hold over Cilicia was weak: bandits found refuge there, and pirates hung about its coasts. In 1136, the new prince of Antioch, Raymond I decided that his first action must be to recover Cilicia. With the approval of King Fulk of Jerusalem he marched with Baldwin of Marash against <mask>. But <mask>, with the help of Count Joscelin II of Edessa (who was his nephew), drove back the Antiochene army.Triumphant, <mask> agreed to have a personal interview with Baldwin of Marash, who treacherously made him prisoner and sent him off to captivity in Antioch. In <mask>’s absence his three sons quarreled: the eldest, Constantine, was eventually captured and blinded by his brothers. Meanwhile, the Danishmend emir, Mohammed II ibn Ghazi, invaded Cilicia, destroyed the harvest. Shaken by these disasters, <mask> bought his freedom by offering to give up the Cilician cities (Sarventikar, Mamistra and Adana) to Raymond I; in addition he paid 60,000 gold pieces and gave his son as a hostage; but on his return home he forgot his promise. A desultory war broke out again, till, early in 1137, Joscelin II patched up a truce between the combatants. An alliance was then formed against the Emperor John II Comnenus, who was then pressing his claims against Antioch as well as Cilicia. The (re-)occupation of Cilicia by the Byzantines In the spring of 1137, the imperial army, with the Emperor and his sons at its head, assembled at Attalia (today Antalya in Turkey) and advanced eastward into Cilicia.<mask> moved up in an attempt to check its progress by taking the Byzantine frontier fortress of Seleucia, but was forced to retire. The Emperor swept on, past Mersin, Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra, which all yielded to him at once. <mask> relied on the great fortifications of Anazarbus to hold him up. Its garrison resisted for 37 days, but the siege engines of the Byzantines battered down its walls, and the city was forced to surrender. <mask> retreated into the high Taurus Mountains, while the emperor led his forces southward into the plain of Antioch. After the emperor had asserted his authority over the Principality of Antioch, he returned to Cilicia to finish off its conquest. The family castle of Vahka (today Feke in Turkey) held out for some weeks.Eventually John invited <mask> to a meeting under a false promise of peace, where the prince was captured. <mask> and two of his sons, Roupen and Thoros, were subsequently taken prisoner. His last years in exile <mask> and his two sons were sent to prison in Constantinople. They were soon allowed to live in the court under surveillance and John acted more honorably towards <mask>, with the two dining and going on hunting parties together. <mask>'s son Roupen was later murdered by Byzantine grandees that were envious of his strength. <mask> died in Constantinople. Marriage and children The name and the origin of his wife are not known with certainty.Orderic Vitalis states that <mask> was "uncle to the wife of Bohemond II of Antioch". On this basis, some authors have proposed that his wife was either an unnamed daughter of Count Hugh I of Rethel, or she may have been an unnamed daughter of Gabriel of Melitene. (?) unnamed daughter, who was the wife of a “Frankish knight from Antioch”, and mother of the Regent Thomas unnamed daughter, the wife of Vasil Dgha (?) Constantine (? – Edessa, 1138/1144) Thoros II of Cilicia (? – February 6, 1169) Stephen (before 1110 – February 7, 1165) Mleh I of Cilicia (before 1120 – Sis, May 15, 1175) Roupen (after 1120 – Constantinople, 1141) (<mask>’s second marriage proposed by Rüdt-Collenberg is speculative.)Footnotes Sources Bucossi, Alessandra; Suarez, Alex Rodriguez: John II Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium: In the Shadow of Father and Son; Routledge, 2016, Abingdon; Ghazarian, Jacob G: The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1393); RoutledgeCurzon (Taylor & Francis Group), 2000, Abingdon; External links Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle The Barony of Cilician Armenia (Kurkjian's History of Armenia, Ch. 27) Year of birth unknown 1140 deaths Prisoners and detainees of the Byzantine Empire Monarchs of the Rubenid dynasty 1080 births

Lady Anne Berry

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Lady <mask> (née Walpole, 11 December 1919 – 18 September 2019) was an English-New Zealand horticulturist who founded Rosemoor Garden. She offered the garden to the Royal Horticultural Society in 1988. In 1990 she married <mask> and went to live on his farm at Tiniroto, Gisborne, New Zealand. She then created the Homestead Garden of Hackfalls Arboretum. Biography <mask> was born in 1919 to the Walpole family in England. Her father was Robert Horace Walpole, the fifth and last Earl of Orford (10 July 1854 – 27 September 1931, New Zealand). He married twice.His second marriage was on 15 September 1917 to Emily Gladys Oakes (thereafter styled as Countess of Orford), daughter of Rev. Thomas Henry Royal Oakes. One of the Walpole family members had been recorded at the siege of Acre in 1191. Later generations remained an established part of the British political, cultural and literary world. Some famous ancestors were: Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745), the first Earl of Orford, who became Britain's first prime minister in 1721. He made significant plantings at Houghton Hall, Norfolk, England. Horace Walpole (1717–1797), the youngest son of Sir Robert, who became the fourth and last Earl of Orford of the first creation in 1791.He also was a knowledgeable plantsman. Recreated for a cousin in 1806, the title passed through the generations, <mask>'s father becoming the last Earl in 1894. He was aged 67 when she was born. He had no son, and decided to make over the family estate of Wolterton Hall (North Norfolk) of to a distant male cousin (who became Baron Walpole) in 1928. He emigrated to Manurewa, New Zealand, in 1928, and died in 1931. In 1923 he had bought a 40-acre () property called Rosemoor in North Devon as a fishing lodge. <mask> and her mother lived there after 1928, interspersed with three visits to New Zealand in the 1930s.Thus <mask> spent part of her youth in that country. The free life in New Zealand suited her. <mask> did not go to school and had a governess, but she used to dodge her, going hunting. Back in England as a debutante proved to be a restricting time with all the social niceties including being present at Court. Her mother created some of the earliest garden features at Rosemoor, such as the Stone Garden, which still lies at the heart of <mask>'s garden. On 25 November 1939, <mask> married Colonel Eric Palmer. Her early married life was spent "camp following" the regiment, including two and a half years in Northern Ireland.Rosemoor was loaned to the Red Cross as a rest home for Londoners from the East End suffering the effects of the Blitz. Her first son John Robert was born on 6 March 1943, her second Anthony Eric Fletcher was born 4 November 1945. After the war her husband bought more land around Rosemoor and established a dairy farm. <mask>'s passion was horses in those days. "Lady <mask>'s initiation into gardening was somewhat akin to the conversion of St. Paul." In 1959 <mask> stayed in Algeciras, Spain, for two weeks to recuperate from measles.There she met Collingwood Ingram, a well-known English plantsman, who opened her eyes to the world of plants. Collingwood Ingram sent loads of plants to Rosemoor from his own garden in Benenden, Kent. This was the start of a marvellous collection. In 1960 serious development of the garden started. Soon there were other mentors such as Lionel Fortescue (The Garden House at Buckland Monachorum), the Heathcoat-Amory family of Knightshayes Court and others. <mask> rapidly grew a knowledge on conditions that plants needed. Travels to New Zealand and Australia, Papua New Guinea, Japan, North America and temperate South America allowed her to see plants and plant combinations growing in their natural habitats, and gave her opportunities to collect material.In the late 1960s she joined the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). Robin Herbert, who later became a president of RHS invited her to join Floral Committee 'B' which judged woody plants and new introductions. She was also a founder member of the National Council for the Preservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG). In 1965 <mask> joined the International Dendrology Society (IDS). In the 1970s she chaired the tours committee for nine years until about 1983. She then became chairperson of the society for nearly five years. In 1970 she visited New Zealand and went to see Eastwoodhill Arboretum, Ngatapa, Gisborne.Its founder, William Douglas Cook had died a few years before. "Despite its then run-down condition it was to me a very impressive collection, at that time managed single-handedly by Bill Crooks", she remembered. In 1977 a group of members of the IDS visited New Zealand again. She then nominated Eastwoodhill for the first brass plaque presented by the IDS for tree collections of outstanding merit. She then visited Abbotsford Arboretum (now Hackfalls Arboretum), the creation of <mask> for the first time. In 1979 <mask> started a small nursery at Rosemoor. By 1987 the catalogue had expanded to over 1000 items.She developed a collection of less common trees, and of Hollies (Ilex) and Dogwood (Cornus), later resulting in Rosemoor holding part of the UK NCCPG National Collection for these plants. In 1980 her husband died. In 1988 she offered Rosemoor to the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): the house and the garden (), and the remaining of the estate, that was farmland. By 1990 Rosemoor was opened as a "garden for all seasons". In 1990 <mask> led a group of IDS members to Hackfalls Arboretum for the second time. She married <mask> later that same year. "The story of Bob and <mask> of Hackfalls is a classic one in terms of the bonds created by dendrology".The marriage took place in England, but they came to live at Tiniroto. In July 2006 Bob and <mask> left Hackfalls Station to live in Gisborne town. <mask> died in 2018 aged 102; Lady <mask> died 18 September 2019, three months short of her 100th birthday. Rosemoor Garden Rosemoor Garden was created by Lady <mask> over a period of some thirty years, from about 1960 to 1988. She described it as "a sort of mini Wisley". Wisley is the "flagship garden of the RHS". In 1988 she gave the garden to the Royal Horticultural Society, together with an additional of land.Christopher Bailes, curator of Rosemoor Garden, stated in 1988: "Lady <mask>'s garden was (and remains) a very personal garden, largely informal and relaxed in style, with extensive areas of parkland and arboretum. The 'new' RHS developments were intended both to expand upon and to complement the existing garden, featuring diverse and wide-ranging plantings, many in a more formal framework, with particular emphasis on ornamental and productive horticulture." Hackfalls Arboretum Hackfalls Arboretum, Tiniroto, Gisborne, New Zealand, was the creation of <mask>, who started planting trees at his station in the 1950s, and created interesting collections of poplars, maples, oaks etc. Bob became a member of the IDS in 1977 and in October 1982 joined a tour to Mexico, which was the beginning of a particular interest in Central American Oaks (Quercus), which would later form the most important part of the collection of Hackfalls Arboretum. In later years other trips to Mexico followed to collect acorns. When <mask> came to live at Hackfalls Station in 1990 the management of the farm had already been taken over by Diane and Kevin Playle (Diane is a daughter of <mask>'s sister Pet), the name being changed from Abbotsford Station to Hackfalls Station. Hackfalls Station had been the name of the original property of the <mask> family at Tiniroto, when they first came to live there at the beginning of the 20th century.The collection of the arboretum at 1990 contained about 3,000 taxa. The number of different species of trees, shrubs and climbers has been enlarged since then. <mask> extended the homestead garden at Hackfalls and introduced many new plantings. In 1993 the arboretum was protected by a covenant with the Queen Elizabeth II National Trust. Since 2006 Diane Playle takes care of the arboretum and the homestead garden. The collection at the arboretum in 2008 held 3,500 different taxa. Awards and honours 1986 – RHS Victoria Medal of Honour 1990 – Honorary Doctorate of Science at the University of Exeter 2002 – Hackfalls Arboretum received an IDS plaque.Footnotes Literature Bailes, Christopher – Rosemoor Garden – Two Decades On (A Retrospective...). In: The Gardener's Journal, Christchurch NZ, , issue 3, August 2008, p. 35 – 42. <mask>, John – A Man's Tall Dream; The Story of Eastwoodhill. Publ. by Eastwoodhill Trust Board, Gisborne 1997. Colborn, Nigel – Lady <mask>, Creator of Rosemoor. In: Hortus, Farnham, Surrey, UK, ISSN 0950-1657, Vol.One, No. 4, Winter 1987, p. 70 – 80 Wilkie, Martin – Bob and <mask> <mask>, and Hackfalls Arboretum: a shared vision and a grand adventure. In: The Gardener's Journal, Christchurch NZ, , issue 1, February 2008, p. 13 – 22 1919 births 2019 deaths Victoria Medal of Honour (Horticulture) recipients English gardeners Daughters of British earls New Zealand gardeners People from North Norfolk (district) New Zealand horticulturists British emigrants to New Zealand People from Gisborne, New Zealand

Shuki Levy

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<mask> (; born June 3, 1947) is an Israeli-American music composer and television producer. <mask>'s best known work is soundtrack compositions for children's television programs of the 1980s, such as Inspector Gadget, The Mysterious Cities of Gold, M.A.S.K., Dinosaucers, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, She-Ra: Princess of Power, and Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors. In the 1990s, he became known chiefly for his work on the Power Rangers franchise, Digimon: Digital Monsters, Masked Rider, VR Troopers, and Big Bad Beetleborgs. He has also written and directed numerous episodes for some these television shows, and directed a few films, such as Eye of Doom (1987), Perfect Victims (1988) and Blind Vision (1991). He was also part of a musical duo known as Shuky & Aviva (alternatively Shuki & Aviva) with his partner Aviva Paz. Life and career Beginnings <mask> was born in British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel) in 1947. His father was an Ashkenazi Jew originally from The Ukraine, and his mother of Sephardic Jewish origin.His career began as a singer and music performer, playing in various clubs around Tel Aviv. He also appeared in the musical "Hair." Shuky & Aviva During the 1970s, <mask> performed in France and Germany as a duo known as "Shuki & Aviva" or "Shuky and Aviva" as written on a lot of the duos song releases. Together with his partner Aviva Paz he scored a hit single throughout Europe called "Signorina - Concertina" which sold two million copies. <mask> composed "Halayla", the Israeli entry to the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest. Saban Entertainment While living in Paris, he met businessman and musician Haim Saban, with the two becoming close friends and frequent collaborators. In an interview, <mask> recalled "Haim said, 'We'll be co-composer.You do the composing, I'll do the deals.' I figured, 'Great. Brothers.' That was the last business conversation we had for many years. We were partners. We never had a written agreement. It was all verbal."They eventually moved to Los Angeles and founded Saban Entertainment, a production company responsible for numerous animated shows and Japanese adaptions, such as Digimon, X-Men, Spider-Man and Power Rangers. The company was sold to The Walt Disney Company by the end of 2001. During the 1980s and 1990s, he was noted for composing a large volume of television music; according to BMI's music publishing database, he has written a combined total of 3,928 themes, background scores and songs. In a 1998 investigation by The Hollywood Reporter, it was revealed that many of these compositions were ghostwritten by other composers, in order for <mask> and Haim Saban to gain control of all publishing rights and music royalty revenue. On October 3, 2013, <mask> <mask> started working on a TV show he created called Tribe Of The Wild which was originally set for a 2014 release, but got delayed to 2015 instead. <mask> also signed a first-look production deal with Relativity Media to oversee worldwide distribution, finance and production for <mask>'s content in the children's and family space, Tribe Of The Wild was the first show under the deal. Personal life In 1977, <mask> was married to Miss USA 1970 and actress Deborah Shelton (Dallas), with whom he has a daughter, Tamara (born 1981).He was also in a relationship with television actress Sarah Brown (General Hospital), with whom he has a second daughter, Jordan (born 1998). Musical compositions <mask> <mask> is credited as a composer on the following works: Musicals 2007. Imagine This TV series 2015. Tribe Of The Wild 2001. Digimon Tamers 2001. Power Rangers Time Force 2001. Mon Colle Knights 2000.Shinzo 2000. NASCAR Racers 2000. Digimon Adventure 02 2000. The Vision of Escaflowne 2000. Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue 2000. Action Man 1999. The Avengers: United They Stand 1999.Digimon Adventure 1999. Power Rangers Lost Galaxy 1999. Spider-Man Unlimited 1998. The Secret Files of the Spy Dogs 1998. Power Rangers In Space 1998. The Silver Surfer 1997. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1997.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1997. Power Rangers Turbo 1997. Saban's Adventures of Oliver Twist 1997. Breaker High 1997. Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation 1996. Big Bad Beetleborgs 1996. Little Mouse on the Prairie 1996.The Incredible Hulk 1996. Bureau of Alien Detectors 1996. The Mouse and the Monster 1996. Power Rangers Zeo 1996. Eagle Riders (Dubbed version of Gatchaman II and Gatchaman Fighter) 1996. Dragon Ball Z 1995. Tenko and the Guardians of the Magic 1995.Space Strikers 1995. Super Pig 1995. Iznogoud 1995. Masked Rider 1995. Space Strikers 1994. VR Troopers 1994. Spider-Man 1994.Sweet Valley High 1994. Creepy Crawlers 1994. Teknoman (Dubbed version of Tekkaman Blade) 1994. Honeybee Hutch 1994. BattleTech 1993. Walter Melon 1993. Mad Scientist Toon Club 1993.Mighty Morphin Power Rangers 1993. Hello Kitty 1993. Journey to the Heart of the World 1992. The Adventures of Pinocchio 1992. Jin Jin and the Panda Patrol 1992. King Arthur & the Knights of Justice 1992. X-Men 1991.Rock 'n Cop (German and Swedish dubbed versions of Future Police Urashiman — no English version was released) 1991. Samurai Pizza Cats 1991. Little Shop 1991. Maya the Bee 1991. Space Cats 1990. Attack of the Killer Tomatoes 1990. Lucky Luke 1990.Adventures of the Little Mermaid 1989. The New Adventures of He-Man 1989. The Legend of Zelda 1989. Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics 1989. The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! 1989. Camp Candy 1989.The Karate Kid 1989. Ring Raiders 1989. Captain N: The Game Master 1989. Dragon Warrior 1988. ALF Tales 1988. Noozles 1988. COPS 1988.RoboCop: The Animated Series 1988. Hey Vern, It's Ernest! 1987. ALF: The Animated Series 1987. Beverly Hills Teens 1987. Sylvanian Families 1987. Maxie's World 1987.The New Archies 1987. Dinosaucers 1987. Maple Town 1987. Diplodo 1987. Lady Lovelylocks And The Pixietails 1987. Starcom: The U.S. Space Force 1986. Dennis The Menace 1986.Zoobilee Zoo 1986. The Real Ghostbusters 1986. Rambo and the Forces of Freedom 1986. Popples 1985. M.A.S.K. 1985. She-Ra: Princess of Power 1985.Rainbow Brite 1985. Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors 1985. It's Punky Brewster 1985. Kissyfur 1984. Punky Brewster 1984. Going Bananas 1984. Pole Position 1984.Kidd Video 1984. Heathcliff & The Catillac Cats 1984. Photon 1983. Mister T 1983. Inspector Gadget 1983. The Littles 1983. He-Man and the Masters of the Universe 1983.Saturday Supercade 1982. Urusei Yatsura (aka "Lamù, La Ragazza Dello Spazio") (Italian dub only) 1982. Bomber X (additional music, French dub only) 1982. The Mysterious Cities of Gold1981. Spider Woman (French and Italian dub only) 1981. Ulysses 311980. Heathcliff1975.Steel Jeeg1975. Time BokanTV 2000. Final Ascent1997. Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might1994. Blindfold: Acts of Obsession1994. Honor Thy Father and Mother: The True Story of the Menendez Murders1994. Guns Of Honor1993.Under Investigation1992. Revenge on the Highway1987. Bay Coven1985. He-Man and She-Ra: A Christmas SpecialVideos 2003. Itty Bitty Heartbeats1996. Spider-Man: Sins of the Fathers1991. Sugar & Spice: The Wizard of Oz1991.Sugar & Spice: Alice in Wonderland1991. Sugar & Spice: Cinderella1991. Sugar & Spice: Heidi1991. Sugar & Spice: Snow White1989. Little Golden Book Land1986. My Favorite Fairy Tales1985. Punky Brewster: More For Your Punky1980.GoldwingFilms 2000. Digimon: The Movie1998. Rusty: The Great Rescue1996. Susie Q1995. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie1992. Round Trip to Heaven1992. Blind Vision1992.Prey Of The Chameleon1989. Trapper Country War1988. Perfect Victims1987. Barbie and the Rockers: Out of This World1987. Barbie and the Sensations: Rockin' Back to Earth1986. Heathcliff: The Movie1985. Rainbow Brite and the Star Stealer1985.He-Man And She-Ra: The Secret of the Sword1985. Here Come the Littles1984. Fatal Games1984. The Secret of the Selenites1983. Les Dalton En Cavale1982. Blood Tide1981.

Jack Brownsword

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<mask> (15 May 1923 – 19 December 2009) was a professional footballer who spent 18 seasons with Scunthorpe United, and holds the club's all-time appearance record, having played 597 league games, and 791 first-team games overall for the club. He was a defender, playing in the left-back position. Playing career Originally from Doncaster, <mask> left school aged 15 and spent the duration of the Second World War working as a miner at nearby Bentley Colliery. He began playing part-time for Frickley Colliery, before being recruited for Hull City's 1946–47 Third Division North season. Continuing to play part-time alongside his work as a miner, <mask> made 11 league and cup appearances for The Tigers, before being released after allegations that he had fallen out with manager Major Frank Buckley after accidentally sitting on Buckley's dog on the way to an away game. He then returned to his first club Frickley Colliery and despite them finishing bottom of the Midland League, <mask> re-established his reputation as the league's best left-back. This inspired then-leading non-league club Scunthorpe & Lindsey United to sign him for the princely sum of £2, plus expenses.<mask> continued to play football part-time alongside his work as a miner for the first three years of his career at Scunthorpe, before their election to the Football League in 1950. This elevation led to him accepting then-manager Leslie Jones's offer of a full-time professional contract of a £9 basic weekly wage, which was reduced to £6 in the summer. <mask> went on to make a club-record 597 league appearances (and 783 in all competitions, including non-league and cup games), during his 18 seasons as a player at the Old Showground. These records will almost certainly never be beaten, as he sits an enormous 322 appearances clear of second-place Paul Longden on the club's rankings. <mask> earned a reputation as a fearsome sprinter (completing the 100-yard dash in just 10.3 seconds) and a faultless penalty taker; scoring 52 of his 53 career league and cup goals for Scunthorpe from the spot. His excellent disciplinary (he was never once booked in his entire career) and injury records ensured that he only missed 26 League matches and never missed an FA Cup game across his whole time at the club. With Scunthorpe having already been crowned Third Division North champions prior to their final 1957–58 game, <mask> later alleged that he was offered a bribe by an un-named visiting Carlisle United official to ensure Scunthorpe threw the game – guaranteeing Carlisle's place in the upcoming de-regionalised 1958–59 Third Division season."I was standing in the tunnel before the game and when someone approached me and offered us money to lose the game. I immediately told them to ‘Get stuffed!’ and we went out to show them how we could play. I would never throw a game”. <mask> later scored in a 3–1 Scunthorpe victory which consigned Carlisle to the Fourth Division. Arguably <mask>'s finest hour in a Scunthorpe shirt arrived in their 1960-61 FA Cup campaign and their 6–2 Third Round victory over top-flight Blackpool. As left-back, <mask> was directly responsible for marking the legendary "Wizard of Dribble" Sir Stanley Matthews, with ex-England manager Graham Taylor remembering how Matthews "never got a kick against <mask>." The Independent newspaper also recalled how Matthews was "was humbled by Scunthorpe's finest, at one point even changing his boots in a vain attempt to make an impact."Matthews and <mask> were due a reunion in the following 1961–62 Second Division season, but when <mask> asked Stoke City's stand-in outside-right why Matthews wasn't in the team, he was told: "He was until he saw your name on the team-sheet!” <mask> later described this reply as the "ultimate compliment". Later that season, <mask>'s Scunthorpe finished an all-time club high of fourth in the Second Division, but having controversially sold star-striker Barrie Thomas in January, <mask> later bemoaned the missed opportunity: “I’m certain that if we hadn’t sold Barrie, we would’ve made the First Division. The directors said we couldn’t afford to go into the top flight and that disillusioned the players.” Having previously turned down lucrative moves to bigger clubs, including to the likes of Manchester City, <mask> made his final professional appearance against Workington on 29 September 1964, at the age of 41. Coaching Rejecting a two-year contract from Lincoln City that would have kept him playing, <mask> immediately transitioned to coaching – becoming Scunthorpe United's club trainer. He would go on to become the only club figure involved in both of Scunthorpe United's only two runs in history to the FA Cup Fifth Round. The first in 1957–58 as player and the second in 1969–70 as coach. His keen work ethic and knowledge of the game were cited as being instrumental in helping develop numerous players of the era, including Ray Clemence and Kevin Keegan.Keegan particularly praised <mask>, saying: "He was great with me when I was developing as a player. I think we may have got on so well because he was from a similar background. He wasn't easy on us and was definitely a hard taskmaster. He always demanded 100 per cent and that is a great value to teach young players. I used to envy <mask>, because he was good at everything technical and could repair anything. He believed that if you were fit, you could run for 90 minutes. Whether or not you could play was another matter!"It also later transpired that <mask> was instrumental in Keegan's dramatic transfer from Scunthorpe to Liverpool, personally recommending the player to legendary Liverpool manager Bill Shankly; with Keegan himself later recalling: "My move to Liverpool really came out of the blue. <mask> had a big part to play in it." <mask> was later controversially dismissed from his coaching role at the club prior to the 1973–74 Fourth Division campaign, however. "I did feel a bit bitter when I got the bullet. Nobody ever told me why I was sacked, but my understanding was that a coach had written to the club asking if there were any vacancies and I created one! I was exceptionally disappointed that I was dispensed with in this way after all the service." After 25 years of service, <mask> was offered a testimonial, (something he had never had as a player), as a 'golden goodbye', but refused, stating: "I wasn't happy about that because it would have meant the supporters having to pay for it.I didn't think that was fair." This was <mask>'s final role within football. Honours 1 x 1957–58 Third Division North championship. Scunthorpe United all-time record appearance holder (both in the Football League and all competitions). He was also chosen to play five times by the Third Division North against the Third Division South, but was only able to play in two of the matches due to his club commitments. The Professional Footballers' Association Hall of Fame. Legacy Throughout <mask>'s career, he won many admirers, including legenday Liverpool manager Bill Shankly and England boss Graham Taylor.Shankly called <mask> "the finest full-back operating outside the top division" and "the best full-back never to play for England"; whilst Taylor cited <mask> as one of his footballing "heroes", before adding: "<mask> ... must have played 2,000 games for Scunthorpe. He was never injured. He was lightning quick and a magnificent penalty taker." Despite his acrimonious departure, <mask> returned to the Old Showground as the club's guest of honour for their final-ever game at the ground in 1988. And when the club was previously on the verge of bankruptcy in 1981, he had also helped organise a fundraising match, with a '<mask>word XI' boasting the likes of Kevin Keegan and <mask> taking part. He was also made a Vice-President of Scunthorpe United and President of the Scunthorpe United Official Supporters Club. The approach road to Glanford Park, Scunthorpe United's current home, was named <mask> Way on 4 July 2010 as a memorial to him.In early 2012, the Winterton Iron Supporters' Club raised thousands of pounds for the Scunthorpe Alzheimer's Society in memory of <mask>; with his widow Queenie, plus many of his ex-teammates and colleagues, including Kevin Keegan, attending. Personal life <mask> married his wife Queenie on Saturday 19 December 1953 at St. Andrew's Church in Burton-upon-Stather, on the morning of Scunthorpe's 2–1 victory over local rivals Grimsby Town. Following his departure from Scunthorpe, <mask> became a sales rep for a local glass company in Scunthorpe, until his retirement in 1988. After a prolonged battle with Alzheimer's disease, <mask> passed away at the age of 86 on 19 December 2009, his 56th wedding anniversary. There is also a small memorial stone dedicated to him in St. Andrew's churchyard Burton-upon-Stather; the village where he had remained settled for more than 60 years since first signing for Scunthorpe. References External links Scunthorpe legend <mask> dies, BBC Sport, 21 December 2009 1923 births 2009 deaths Footballers from Doncaster English footballers English Football League players Hull City A.F.C. players Frickley Athletic F.C.players Scunthorpe United F.C. players Association football fullbacks People from Burton upon Stather

Darren Lehmann

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<mask> (born 5 February 1970) is an Australian cricket coach and former cricketer who coached the Australian national team. <mask> made his ODI debut in 1996 and Test debut in 1998. He was on the fringes of national selection for the entirety of the 1990s, and only became a regular in the ODI team in 2001 and Test team in late 2002, before being dropped in early 2005. Primarily an aggressive left-handed batsman, <mask> was also a part-time left arm orthodox bowler, and gained renown for his disregard for physical fitness and modern dietary regimes. He announced his retirement from first-class cricket in November 2007. He coached the IPL teams Deccan Chargers from 2009 to 2012 and Kings XI Punjab in 2013. He also coached Queensland during the 2010/11 KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, in place of Trevor Barsby who had resigned.In June 2013, <mask> replaced Mickey Arthur as the coach of the Australian cricket team, only two weeks before the 2013 Ashes series. Although Australia lost that series 3-nil, <mask> went on to coach the side to a 5-nil victory in the 2013–14 series less than five months later. <mask> stepped down as head coach after the fourth test match against South Africa in March 2018, following the ball tampering scandal which he perpetuated that occurred during the match. He was originally thought to have been involved in the scandal, however Cricket Australia cleared him of blame at the conclusion of their investigation. Early years Of German-Australian descent, <mask> was a junior representative for South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club Central District as well as playing cricket. <mask> left school at the age of 16 to work on the assembly line of Holden car manufacturers in Elizabeth, South Australia. He declined selection to the first intake of the newly formed Australian Cricket Academy, a full-time cricket centre, citing his enjoyment of the factory life.<mask> entered the first-class scene as a 17-year-old in the 1987/88 season for South Australia, playing one match against Victoria at the Melbourne Cricket Ground after both Tim May and Peter Sleep were called into the national team. After making 10, <mask> was omitted upon their return and did not play any further part in the season. In 1988/89, South Australia were at the bottom of the ladder, when coach Barry Richards called <mask> into the team, playing against Western Australia at the WACA. <mask> remembered little of the match; after being struck in the right temple by a Bruce Reid bouncer, he was knocked unconscious and temporarily ceased breathing. <mask> made his mark in the following match against New South Wales Blues at Adelaide Oval, reaching 50, but the innings was marred by the manner in which it was ended. Going for a quick single, <mask> collided with bowler Geoff Lawson and was run out after falling over. However, Richards and South Australian captain David Hookes claimed that Lawson had tripped <mask>, leading to a confrontation between the two teams.In 1989/90, <mask> came into contention for national selection, after scoring 228 runs at the age of 19 in a match against New South Wales in that season. He also scored a century against the touring New Zealand cricket team and followed that with centuries in three consecutive Sheffield Shield matches. Having scored over 700 runs in the first half of the season, <mask> was drafted into the Australian squad for the New Year's Test against Pakistan at the Sydney Cricket Ground after both openers David Boon and Geoff Marsh were injured. As <mask> was not an opener, Mike Veletta and Tom Moody were selected, and he was relegated to being 12th man. <mask> was also called into the squad for the triangular ODI series, but after being unused, he was replaced by Mark Waugh. The following year, <mask> was lured to move to Victoria by John Elliott and Ian Collins, then directors of the Carlton Football Club with a lucrative deal for him to play district cricket for Carlton, as well as the Victorian state team. <mask> believed that he had a better chance of international selection, feeling that selectors disregarded batting performances at Adelaide Oval on the perception that it was a flat track.<mask> was not, however, rewarded with international selection, but he did participate in a Shield victory in 1990/91. He was fortunate to play in the final, having needed facial surgery prior to the match after being struck in the nose during a training session. Following another season, <mask> expressed dissatisfaction, and returned to South Australia. South Australia and Yorkshire: 1993/94 to 2007/08 From the 1993/94 season until 2007/08, <mask> played domestic cricket for his home state, South Australia, as well as for Yorkshire in England (from 1997 until 2006). During this time, <mask> had great success as a player for both teams and he captained them both; South Australia from 1998/99 until 2006/07 and Yorkshire in 2002. Playing for South Australia in this period, <mask> scored over 10,500 runs in 107 first-class appearances for the state, at an average of around 55. In 1995/96 he was a part of the South Australian team that claimed the Sheffield Shield.He made 37 centuries with a top score of 301 not out against Western Australia at the Adelaide Oval in 2005/06. He also took 44 wickets at an average of 38.06. He held the record for the most first-class runs scored and first-class games played before selection to the Australian Test team prior to Michael Hussey's Test debut in 2005. He currently holds the record for the most runs in the history of the Sheffield Shield/Pura Cup with 12971, over 2000 more than the second highest run scorer, Jamie Cox. Whilst he had great success as a player, his captaincy record was not as distinguished; South Australia did not win any silverware under his captaincy and he quit the role at the end of the 2006/07 season after South Australia managed to win only one Pura Cup game. <mask> announced his retirement on 19 November 2007 citing injury concerns as the main reason behind his decision to quit. He ended his limited-overs career for South Australia on 21 November with an unbeaten 126 from 104 balls in an unbroken 236 partnership with Matthew Elliott (a South Australian record for any wicket in List A cricket) to complete the highest successful run-chase in Australian List A cricket so far.His final first-class innings for South Australia was a man-of-the-match winning 167 against Western Australia the following weekend. From 1997 until 2006, <mask> represented Yorkshire as an overseas player. He is by far the most successful overseas player to represent the club since the members first voted to allow overseas players in 1992, having played 88 County Championship games, scoring 8871 runs at an average of 68.76. In 2001 he helped Yorkshire to their first County Championship title since 1968, with 1416 runs in 13 games at an average of 83.29. He scored 26 centuries with a top score of 339 against Durham in 2006 during his final game for the club, helping Yorkshire to avoid relegation by a single point. It is the highest individual first-class innings at Headingley, surpassing Don Bradman's 334 against England in 1930, and the second highest for Yorkshire behind George Hirst's 341 against Leicestershire in 1905. He also holds the record for the highest one-day score for Yorkshire, 191 from 103 balls against Nottinghamshire at Scarborough in 2001.He took 61 wickets at an average of 32.00 in County Championship games. As with South Australia, his captaincy record was not as distinguished as his playing record. He captained Yorkshire only in the 2002 season during which they were relegated to the second division of the County Championship. They did, however, win the Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy, the 50-over-a-side limited overs competition, under his captaincy. <mask> was a very popular member of the Yorkshire team amongst both the fans and the club hierarchy. He stated at the time that he would like to return to Yorkshire in a coaching role after his retirement from playing for South Australia. Struggle to make the Australian side <mask> had only limited opportunities at the international level.His body shape, relative lack of fitness and physical condition, while never dulling his run-scoring capabilities, meant he was never a favourite of the Australian hierarchy, and notably never saw eye-to-eye with former coach Bob Simpson in the early-mid-1990s. Simpson was regarded as one of the best fielders to have played the game, and was renowned for his heavy emphasis on fielding and fitness, the weakest aspects of <mask>'s game. With Simpson's retirement at the end of the 1996 Cricket World Cup, <mask> made his ODI debut later in the year in Sharjah after injuries to other players. He was a sporadic member of the team until the 1997/98 Australian season, when captain Mark Taylor was dropped from the team. <mask> then became a semi-regular member of the ODI team, and also toured India in early 1998. <mask> made his Test debut in the Third Test against India in March 1998 in Bangalore, after Steve Waugh suffered a hamstring injury. <mask> scored 52 on debut, as well as claiming Indian captain Mohammad Azharuddin while bowling.Selectors were impressed with his performance, and when Waugh returned from injury on the tour of Pakistan later that year, Ricky Ponting was instead dropped. <mask> scored 98 in the First Test in Rawalpindi, but an injury forced him out of the Second Test in Peshawar in which Taylor scored a (then) Australian record 334 not out on a flat pitch in a high-scoring drawn match. <mask> failed to perform in the final Test in Karachi and, despite scoring his maiden ODI century, he was dropped for the first two Tests of the 1998/99 Ashes series. Ponting was recalled by the selectors, under the justification of "horses for courses", as he was regarded as a superior player of pace bowling but weaker in spin, with the first two Tests being held on bouncy wickets in Brisbane and Perth. However, failures by Ponting in the first three Tests saw <mask> recalled to the team for the final two Tests in Melbourne and Sydney. Further failures by <mask> in those Tests saw him dropped in early 1999 from the Test team to tour the West Indies, who had a pure pace attack. <mask> retained his position, however, in the ODI team, and scored another century during the West Indies tour.He went on to the 1999 World Cup, where he played in every match bar one where he was injured, and hit the winning runs in the final. However, upon his return to Australia, he was dropped from the ODI team in favour of Damien Martyn, who was the reserve batsman. <mask> spent the 1999/2000 international season out of the team, and was not given an opportunity again until the 2000/01 season. During that season Australia was in dominant form, winning all five Tests. Captain Steve Waugh took the opportunity to introduce a rotation system for the ODI series, and <mask> was allowed regular matches as all members of the team were periodically rested. Despite topping the averages and Steve Waugh having the lowest among the batsmen during the round-robin stages of the triangular tournament, <mask> was dropped for the finals series, as he was the least senior batsman in the team. <mask> did not receive further chances in the Test format either, as Matthew Hayden, Damien Martyn and Simon Katich were all recalled in 2000 and 2001 when other players were dropped.Following Hayden's heavy scoring in the 2001 Border-Gavaskar Trophy in India, he was afforded a place in the ODI squad, and <mask> was removed altogether from the squad during the 2001/02 season. Australia however faltered during the campaign, and <mask> was recalled for the final match of the series, in which he top scored. After Australia failed to qualify for the finals, batsmen Mark and Steve Waugh were dropped from the ODI team, and <mask>'s ODI position became permanent. Later in 2002, Mark Waugh was dropped from the Test team, and <mask> was recalled for the first time in almost four years. After playing three Tests without posting a large score, <mask> was injured, and Martin Love replaced him. <mask> came under more pressure upon his return, when during an ODI against Sri Lanka, he had an error of judgment and was run out. Upon returning to the dressing room, he made an offensive racial comment which saw him banned for five ODI matches, becoming the first player banned for racial vilification.After

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missing the first part of the 2003 Cricket World Cup, <mask> went on to take the winning catch in the final against India in Johannesburg. <mask>'s Test spot was spared when Martyn was forced out due to a finger injury, with Love and <mask> playing in the middle order on the subsequent tour of the West Indies. <mask> then posted his maiden Test century on the tour, and on the winter Test series against Bangladesh in northern Australia, <mask> scored consecutive centuries to solidify his position in the team. His Test career was again put on hold, when he was injured in November against Zimbabwe, allowing Katich to play in his place and score a century and top score in both innings in the Fourth Test against India at the Sydney Cricket Ground to stake a claim for <mask>'s spot. However, Steve Waugh retired after the series, and both players were included on the tour to Sri Lanka. There, <mask> scored consecutive centuries on turning tracks against Muttiah Muralitharan to help Australia to a 3–0 clean sweep despite conceding a first innings lead in each of the matches. <mask>'s position was again called into question on the 2004 tour to India when Michael Clarke had an opportunity to debut in Bangalore on the 2004 India tour, when Ricky Ponting broke his thumb, and Clarke scored 151 in his first innings in Test matches.When Ponting returned, the Australian selectors were obliged to select Clarke, meaning that they had to drop <mask> or Katich. <mask> publicly offered to be dropped following a run of poor form, but the selectors did not take the offer, and the younger Katich was instead dropped. <mask> stayed on briefly, but after two ungainly dismissals to Pakistani paceman Shoaib Akhtar in the first Two Tests of the 2004/05 series, in which <mask> was out of position after wandering across the crease, he was dropped in favour of Shane Watson for the Sydney Test. Another maligned shot selection in the following ODI series, attempting to reverse sweep Shahid Afridi first ball, resulted in his dismissal from the ODI team, with Katich again promoted. <mask> was unable to reclaim a spot as Australia headed towards the 2005 Ashes series looking for batsmen to combat an England team fielding four pace bowlers, including three at the high speed of , and he was never again on the Cricket Australia's contracted players list. In November 2007, he announced his retirement, stating that "Physically and mentally I've had enough". He published his autobiography, Worth the Wait, in 2004.Coaching career In 2008, <mask> toured with the Cricket Australia Centre of Excellence as an assistant coach. After the Deccan Chargers disastrous first season, he took charge of them as coach - replacing former India player Robin Singh; Adam Gilchrist was named captain replacing VVS Laxman. Following the below-par performance in the inaugural season, and finishing at the bottom, Deccan then staged an inspired comeback in 2009 by winning the second IPL season. Subsequent to an undefeated run in the initial league stage, the team suffered minor setbacks by losing some close matches. However, the return of Andrew Symonds, Rohit Sharma regaining form, and the continuing exuberance of Captain Adam Gilchrist, bolstered the side. Some luck came the Charger's way towards the end of the league stage, with Kings XI Punjab and Rajasthan Royals losing key matches, enabling Deccan to reach the semi-finals. During the semi-finals against the Delhi Daredevils (who were at the top of the table), few gave the Chargers more than an outside chance of winning.Nevertheless, and against the odds, Gilchrist scored a sensational 85 off just 35 balls to put the Daredevils out of the competition, thus giving the Chargers their first IPL final against the Royal Challengers Bangalore. In the final match, Gilchrist was out for a duck in the first over, however the Chargers managed to recover and posted a total of 143 for the loss of 6 wickets; it was felt that a good defending total would have been a further 20 to 30 runs. In the second innings the Chargers came out with all guns blazing right from the first ball, and their spirited effort ensured that they successfully defended the total, winning the game by 6 runs and lifting the prized IPL trophy. On account of emerging as the winners of the 2009 season of the Indian Premier League, the team participated in the inaugural edition of the T20 Champions League, along with two other Indian teams. These were the runners-up of the IPL in 2009 - the Royal Challengers Bangalore and the Delhi Daredevils, the toppers of the league-stage points table. The Deccan Chargers were knocked-out in the group stages after losing to the Somerset Sabres and Trinidad & Tobago, who they were drawn against in Group A. After winning the IPL in 2009, there were great expectations of Chargers for 2010.Disappointingly, the team opened with a loss in their inaugural match against KKR, but subsequently won next three matches. Unfortunately, the Chargers then went on to lose their next five matches. This situation caused many to doubt whether the Chargers would be able to make it into next round, but they did so by winning the next five consecutive matches, which qualified them for the play-offs. However the Chargers lost both games in the play-offs (Semi-finals), and were relegated to third place. Before the start of the 2011 Auction of players, the Chargers decided not to retain any of their existing team, putting all of them up for auction. The much anticipated Auction in January not only lived up to expectations, but exceeded them in many ways. The new Deccan team started the 2011 campaign by losing their first two games, but managed to win their next match.Thereafter the team started losing badly, and despite winning some games, were consequentially eliminated from the competition. The team managed to bounce back and showed some pride by winning their final three matches, although these results had no effect on the other teams' chances for qualifying. The Charger's disappointing performance was clearly due to the inexperience of the new squad, and especially to the lack of internationally experienced Indian batsmen. Fans of DC have criticized management for not retaining Rohit Sharma during player the Auction. Deccan finally got to play IPL matches at their home ground after almost three years, but their dismal performances continued at Hyderabad, with but a single win against RCB being the only exception. However, in the away matches, the Chargers did manage to beat Delhi Daredevils, Mumbai Indians, Kolkata Knight Riders, Pune Warriors, and Kings XI. They ended on a positive note with three consecutive wins, but were unable to rise above seventh position in the league standings.In the 2012 Indian Premier League competition the Deccan Chargers named a new fielding coach Trevor Penney, replacing Mike Young. The Chargers failed to play consistently in 2012, with consecutive defeats - some by narrow margins. Shikhar Dhawan, Dale Steyn, and Cameron White were the only players who managed to help the team put up a fight. The team experienced weakness in the bowling and fielding departments, with fast bowler Ishant Sharma being ruled out due to injury, and spinner Pragyan Ojha traded to the Mumbai Indians. Deccan finished eighth out of the nine teams in the league stage points table, after languishing at the bottom for most of the season. The Deccan Chargers had come into the 2012 season being characterized as 'underdogs', and are yet to lose that name. <mask> expressed interest in taking up the England coach's job, which was up for grabs after Peter Moores was sacked in first week of January 2009.<mask> was not the first Australian whose name had been brought-up for discussion of the English job, as Tom Moody was also linked to the position. South Africa's Graham Ford, the Kent director of cricket, had also expressed an interest in filling the post. After having his name connected to the English cricket team, <mask> was also linked to the New Zealand cricket team, as they were searching for coach as well, to succeed Andy Moles who had resigned in October 2009. <mask>, Mark Greatbatch, and Jeff Crowe were shortlisted as candidates for the post with New Zealand Cricket, with <mask> eventually losing-out to Greatbatch. <mask> was then named coach of the Queensland team after Trevor Barsby's sudden exit in 2010. He took over as coach of the Twenty20 side to prepare for its opening match against Victoria. Under <mask>'s coaching, Queensland won the 2011/12 (110th) season of the Sheffield Shield, the Australian domestic first-class cricket competition; this was only their seventh victory since joining that competition in 1926.They had won six out of their ten Shield matches, lost two, and drew two matches. At the same time as he took up coaching Queensland, he also signed to the Brisbane Heat side, which competed in an expanded eight-team domestic Twenty20 competition. Once again <mask>’s old mate in the Australian team Shane Warne suggested to Cricket Australia that <mask> would be a perfect coach for the young Australian cricket team. Warne also believed his old-school approach would be good for either the vacant head coach role, or a position on the selection panel. <mask> was appointed the coach of the IPL Kings XI Punjab franchise for 2013, replacing Adam Gilchrist who was coach (and captain) in 2012; he was himself was replaced in 2014 by Sanjay Bangar. As well as previously coaching the now defunct Deccan Chargers franchise, <mask> had also played for the Rajasthan Royals in the inaugural IPL edition in 2008. In June 2013, <mask> was appointed as head coach of Australia, replacing Mickey Arthur who had suffered a bad result in the Champions Trophy.His first assignment was the Ashes series in England, which Australia lost 3–0, however they won the ODI series. On 25 December 2017 <mask> stated that he wouldn't seek renewal on his contract after the end of 2019. Ball-tampering scandal and resignation <mask> was suspected of involvement in altering the conditions of the ball, along with Cameron Bancroft, skipper Steve Smith, and vice-captain David Warner, on the third day of the third Test against South Africa on 24 March 2018. After an investigation by Cricket Australia, <mask> was cleared of involvement. However, he later announced that he would resign as head coach of Australia after the fourth and final Test match of the series in Johannesburg. In March 2019, <mask> was named head coach of Brisbane Heat, a team in the Big Bash League. In July 2021, he stepped down as head coach of the Brisbane Heat to become the assistant coach of the team.In 2019, he was named head coach by Northern Superchargers, a team in 'The Hundred' tournament. In January 2022, he resigned from the post, citing Covid-19 restrictions as the main reason behind this decision. Playing style <mask>’s batting technique was quite unconventional; taking guard outside leg stump, and, just before a ball was bowled, stepping back and across toward and sometimes past off stump. This peculiar technique meant that if the ball was short in pitch, he did not need to step back any further. <mask> was noted for his play against spin, and was a useful left-arm orthodox spinner himself, as evidenced by his match figures of 6/92 against Sri Lanka in Colombo in 2004. He was relatively accurate, but had little ability to turn the ball and used a flat trajectory. Personal life <mask> is married to Andrea White, the sister of his Victorian, and later Yorkshire, teammate and English Test player Craig White.He has two children with his previous wife Emma, one of whom, Jake, has played cricket. References External links <mask>hmann Cricket Academy 1970 births Australia One Day International cricketers Australia Test cricketers Australian cricket coaches Australian cricket commentators Australian cricketers Big Bash League coaches Coaches of the Australia national cricket team Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup Cricketers from South Australia Commonwealth Games medallists in cricket Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia Indian Premier League coaches Living people People from Gawler, South Australia Rajasthan Royals cricketers South Australia cricketers Victoria cricketers Wisden Cricketers of the Year Yorkshire cricket captains Yorkshire cricketers Australian people of German

Iman Shumpert

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<mask> ( ; born June 26, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who is a free agent. Shumpert was selected by the New York Knicks with the 17th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft. He won an NBA championship with the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2016. In 2021, Shumpert won Season 30 of Dancing with the Stars with pro Daniella Karagach. This makes him the first NBA player to make the finale and win. Early life <mask> was born in Berwyn, Illinois. In eighth grade, he and fellow NBA player Evan Turner were teammates on the same basketball team at Gwendolyn Brooks Middle School in Oak Park, Illinois.He went on to attend Oak Park and River Forest High School where he was a first team all-state player and was one of the nation's top 30 seniors. He helped Oak Park and River Forest to three conference titles and was named conference MVP as a junior and senior. He was rated No. 15 among the nation's senior players by Scout.com and No. 26 by Rivals.com. He was also selected to play in the 2008 McDonald's All-American Game, and was named a third-team Parade All-American. College career As a freshman for Georgia Tech in 2008–09, Shumpert was the team's fourth-leading scorer for the season, averaging 10.5 points per game and hitting 34.5 percent of his three-point attempts.During the 2009–10 season, Shumpert underwent arthroscopic surgery to repair a damaged meniscus in his right knee on December 3, and missed six games. He went on to finish the season as the team's third-leading scorer with 10.0 points per game. In the 2010–11 season, Shumpert led his team in scoring (17.3 ppg), rebounding and assists, becoming only the seventh player in ACC history to do so. He ranked fourth in the ACC in scoring, 15th in rebounds, 10th in field goal and free throw percentage, and first in steals (seventh in the nation). He was named to the All-ACC second team and was a member of the conference's all-defensive team. He also holds the Georgia Tech record for steals per game. On March 28, 2011, Shumpert declared for the NBA draft, foregoing his final year of college eligibility.NBA career New York Knicks (2011–2015) <mask> was drafted with the 17th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft by the New York Knicks. In February 2012, then teammate Jared Jeffries said that "he's about as good an on-ball defender as there is in the league right now". Shumpert was selected to compete in the 2012 NBA All-Star Weekend Slam Dunk Contest but was unable to participate due to a knee injury. On April 28, 2012, during a first round playoff game against the Miami Heat, Shumpert suffered a knee injury while dribbling in midcourt and was immediately helped off the court. An MRI later revealed that Shumpert tore the ACL and meniscus in his left knee and would miss the rest of the season. Shumpert finished 5th in the 2012 NBA Rookie of the Year voting. He received 33 total votes and one first-place vote from a ballot that was filled out by 120 writers and broadcasters from across the country.He was also the only rookie to receive votes for the Defensive Player of the Year award. On January 13, 2013, Shumpert was medically cleared to participate in team practice. He made his season debut on January 17 in a game against the Detroit Pistons at The O2 Arena in London. He went on to record 8 points, 3 rebounds, one assist, one steal and one block. In July 2013, Shumpert played one summer league game for the Knicks, recording 2 points, 6 rebounds and 4 assists in a 72-77 loss to the New Orleans Pelicans. On December 12, 2014, Shumpert dislocated his left shoulder in the second quarter of the Knicks' 101-95 win over the Boston Celtics and was subsequently ruled out for three weeks. Cleveland Cavaliers (2015–2018) On January 5, 2015, Shumpert was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers from the Knicks in a three-team trade that also involved the Oklahoma City Thunder.Cleveland received <mask> and J. R. Smith from the Knicks and a first round pick in the 2015 NBA draft from the Thunder, while Cleveland sent Dion Waiters to Oklahoma City and Lou Amundson, Alex Kirk, and a second round pick in the 2019 NBA draft to the Knicks, and the Thunder sent Lance Thomas to the Knicks. On January 23, he made his debut for the Cavaliers, recording 8 points, 2 rebounds and 2 assists in the 129-90 win over the Charlotte Hornets. The Cavaliers made it to the 2015 NBA Finals, but they lost to the Golden State Warriors in six games. On July 9, 2015, <mask> re-signed with the Cavaliers to a four-year, $40 million contract. On September 29, 2015, he was ruled out for three months after suffering a ruptured Extensor Carpi Ulnaris sheath in his right wrist. He made his season debut on December 11 against the Orlando Magic, scoring 14 points off the bench in a 111–76 win. On March 5, 2016, he recorded 12 points and a career-high 16 rebounds off the bench in a 120–103 win over the Boston Celtics.On April 11, he was ruled out for the Cavaliers' final two games of the regular season after getting his left knee drained. Shumpert returned in time for the playoffs and helped the Cavaliers make it to the NBA Finals for the second straight season. The Cavaliers would again face the Golden State Warriors. Despite the Cavaliers going down 3–1 in the series following a Game 4 loss, they went on to win the series in seven games to become the first team in NBA history to win the championship after being down 3–1. Cavaliers' coach Tyronn Lue started using Shumpert at backup point guard early on in the 2016–17 season. On March 14, 2017, he scored a season-high 18 points in a 128–96 win over the Detroit Pistons. Shumpert helped the Cavaliers go 12–1 over the first three rounds of the playoffs to reach the NBA Finals for a third straight season.There the Cavaliers matched-up with the Golden State Warriors, but lost the series in five games. On December 1, 2017, <mask> was ruled out for six to eight weeks following surgery on his left knee. He returned to action on January 23, 2018 against the San Antonio Spurs. Sacramento Kings (2018–2019) On February 8, 2018, <mask> was acquired by the Sacramento Kings from the Cavaliers in a three-team trade that also involved the Utah Jazz. Despite not playing for the Kings in 2017–18, he opted in for the final year of his contract on June 8, 2018. He made his debut for the Kings on October 17, 2018, recording five points and three rebounds in 18 minutes off the bench in a 123–117 season-opening loss to the Utah Jazz. Four days later, Shumpert scored 16 of his 26 points in the first quarter of the Kings' 131–120 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder.On November 19, he scored 21 of his 23 points in the first half of the Kings' 117–113 win over the Thunder. On December 27, he scored 18 points and matched his career high with six 3-pointers in a 117–116 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. Houston Rockets (2019) On February 7, 2019, <mask> was acquired by the Houston Rockets in a three-team trade. The Rockets sent a 2020 second round pick to the Kings, as well as Brandon Knight, Marquese Chriss, and a 2019 first round pick to the Cleveland Cavaliers. Brooklyn Nets (2019, 2021) On November 13, 2019, <mask> signed with the Brooklyn Nets, who had a roster exemption created by the 25-game performance-enhancing substance (PED) suspension to Wilson Chandler. On December 12, when Chandler's suspension expired, Shumpert was waived by the Nets. On January 30, 2021, Shumpert signed a deal to return to Brooklyn.He played one game for the Nets before being waived. On February 26, Shumpert signed a 10-day contract with the Nets. Personal life Shumpert's father, Odis, is an insurance broker while his mother, L'Tanya, is an adjunct professor of art and design at Columbia College in Chicago, Illinois. During the 2012–13 NBA season, Shumpert's high-top fade haircut attracted publicity. He shaved the fade in October 2013. Shumpert and his wife, Teyana Taylor, have two daughters. Outside basketball, Shumpert has dabbled in rap music.In 2012, he released the song "Knicks Anthem" and the mixtape Th3 #Post90s. In 2013, he released the song "Dear Kendrick" in response to Kendrick Lamar's verse in the song "Control" by Big Sean. The music video for his single "Chiraq" garnered media attention over the eccentric visuals. Shumpert won the 30th season of Dancing with the Stars with professional partner Daniella Karagach. In week 6 of the 10 week elimination competition, the couple tied for the highest score with 4 10's in the contemporary dance. The dance, choreographed by Karagach, went viral online and was regarded by fans as one of the best dances in the show's history. Shumpert is the only NBA player in Dancing with the Stars history to qualify for the finals and to win the competition.In 2021, when asked about Michael Jordan in an interview, he stated that he is the greatest basketball player of all time.

Prithviraj Kapoor

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<mask> (born <mask>; 3 November 1906– 29 May 1972) was an Indian actor, film producer, writer, and film director, who is also considered to be one of the founding figures of Hindi cinema. He was associated with IPTA as one of its founding members and established the Prithvi Theatres in 1944 as a travelling theatre company based in Bombay. He was the patriarch of the <mask> family of Hindi films, four generations of which, beginning with him, have played active roles in the Hindi film industry, with the youngest generation still active in Bollywood. His father, <mask>, also played a short role in his movie Awara. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1969 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1971 for his contributions towards Indian cinema. Early life and education <mask> was born on November 3, 1906 in Peshawar City, North-West Frontier Province, British India, into a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family. His father, <mask>, served as a police officer in the Indian Imperial Police in the city of Peshawar.His grandfather, Keshavmal <mask>, was a Tehsildar in Samundri. <mask>'s childhood was largely spent in Lyallpur, Punjab, where his grandparents and extended family lived. Later, his father was transferred to Peshawar, North West Frontier Province, and after some years, the family moved there, while retaining house and property in Lyallpur, Punjab Province. <mask> studied initially at Khalsa College in Lyallpur, and later at Edwardes College in Peshawar. Surinder <mask>, the famous Bollywood producer and father of actors and producers Anil <mask>, Boney <mask> and Sanjay <mask>, was the cousin of <mask> <mask>. Career <mask> began his acting career in the theatres of Lyallpur and Peshawar. In 1928, he moved to Bombay City, Bombay Presidency with a loan from an aunt.There he joined the Imperial Films Company and started acting in minor roles in movies. In 1928, he made his acting debut as an extra in his first film, Be Dhari Talwar. He went on to earn a lead role in his third film, titled Cinema Girl, which released in 1929. After featuring in nine silent films, including Be Dhari Talwar, Cinema Girl, Sher-e-Arab and Prince Vijaykumar, <mask> did a supporting role in India's first film talkie, Alam Ara (1931). His performance in Vidyapati (1937) was much appreciated. His best-known performance is perhaps as Alexander the Great in Sohrab Modi's Sikandar (1941). He also joined the Grant Anderson Theater Company, an English theatrical company that remained in Bombay for a year.Through all these years, <mask> remained devoted to the theatre and performed on stage regularly. He developed a reputation as a very fine and versatile actor on both stage and screen. Prithvi Theatres By 1944, <mask> had the wherewithal and standing to found his own theatre group, Prithvi Theatres, whose première performance was Kalidasa's Abhijñānaśākuntalam in 1942. His eldest son, <mask>, by 1946, had struck out on his own; the films he produced had been successful and this was also an enabling factor. Prithviraj invested in Prithvi Theatres, which staged memorable productions across India. The plays were highly influential and inspired young people to participate in the Indian independence movement and the Quit India Movement. In over 16 years of existence, the theatre staged some 2,662 performances.<mask> starred as the lead actor in every single show. One of his popular plays was called Pathan (1947), which was performed on stage nearly 600 times in Mumbai. It opened on 13 April 1947, and is a story of a Muslim and his Hindu friend. By the late 1950s, it was clear that the era of the travelling theatre had been irreversibly supplanted by the cinema and it was no longer financially feasible for a troupe of up to 80 people to travel the country for four to six months at a time along with their props and equipment and living in hotels and campsites. The financial returns, through ticket sales and the rapidly diminishing largesse of patrons from the erstwhile princely class of India, was not enough to support such an effort. Many of the fine actors and technicians that Prithvi Theatres nurtured had found their way to the movies. Indeed, this was the case with all of Prithviraj's own sons.As <mask> progressed into his 50s, he gradually ceased theatre activities and accepted occasional offers from film-makers, including his own sons. He appeared with his son Raj in the 1951 film Awara as a stern judge who had thrown his own wife out of his house. Later, under his son, Shashi <mask>, and daughter in law Jennifer Kendal, Prithvi Theatre merged with the Indian Shakespeare theatre company, "Shakespeareana", and the company got a permanent home, with the inauguration of the Prithvi Theatre in Mumbai on 5 November 1978. Postage stamp In 1996, the Golden Jubilee year of the founding of Prithvi Theatre, India Post, issued a special two Rupee commemorative postage stamp. It featured the logo of the theatre, the dates 1945–1995, and an image of <mask>. The first day cover, (stamped 15-1-95), showed an illustration of a performance of a travelling theatre in progress, on a stage that seems fit for a travelling theatre, as Prithvi theatre was for sixteen years, till 1960. On the occasion of 100 years of the Indian cinema, another postage stamp, bearing his likeness, was released by India Post on 3 May 2013.Later years His filmography of this period includes Mughal-e-Azam (1960), where he gave his most memorable performance as the Mughal emperor Akbar, Harishchandra Taramati (1963) in which he played the lead role, an unforgettable performance as Porus in Sikandar-e-Azam (1965), and the stentorian grandfather in Kal Aaj Aur Kal (1971), in which he appeared with his son <mask> and grandson Randhir <mask>. <mask> starred in the legendary religious Punjabi film Nanak Nam Jahaz Hai (1969), a film so revered in Punjab that there were lines many kilometres long to purchase tickets. He also starred in the Punjabi films Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar (1970) and Mele Mittran De (1972). He also acted in the Kannada movie Sakshatkara (1971), directed by Kannada director Puttanna Kanagal. He acted as Rajkumar's father in that movie. Awards and honours In 1954, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, and in 1969, the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India. He remained Nominated Rajya Sabha Member for eight years.He was posthumously awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 1971. He was the third recipient of that award, the highest accolade in Indian cinema. Awards 1954: Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship by the Sangeet Natak Akademi 1956: Sangeet Natak Akademi Award by the Sangeet Natak Akademi 1969: Padma Bhushan by the Government of India 1972: Dadasaheb Phalke Award (Posthumous) for the year 1971, for his immense contribution to Indian theatre and cinema Personal life <mask> was aged 17 when he was married to the 15-year-old Ramsarni Mehra, a lady of his own community and similar background, in a match arranged by their parents in the usual Indian way. The marriage was harmonious and conventional and lasted all their lives. In fact, the wedding had been held even earlier, a few years prior to this, and it was the gauna ceremony (farewell) which was celebrated when Ramsarni reached the age of 15 and became old enough to leave her parents and reside with her husband and in-laws. Ramsarni's brother, Jugal Kishore Mehra, would later enter films. The couple's eldest child, <mask>, was born the following year in Peshawar, North West Frontier Province, on 14th December, 1924; making Prithviraj a father at age 18.By the time <mask> moved to Bombay City, Bombay Presidency in 1927, the couple were the parents of three children. In 1930, Ramsarni joined <mask> in Bombay. The following year, while she was pregnant for the fourth time, two of their sons died in the space of one terrible week. One of their children, Devinder (called Devi), died of double-pneumonia, while the other child, Ravinder (called Binder or Bindie), died of poisoning in a freak incident when he swallowed rat-poison pills strewn in the garden. The couple went on to have three more children: sons Shamsher Raj (Shammi) and Balbir Raj (Shashi) (who were to become famous actors and filmmakers in their own right), and daughter, Urmila Sial. After his retirement, <mask> settled in a cottage called Prithvi Jhonpra near Juhu Beach, West Bombay. The property was on lease, which was bought by Shashi <mask>, and later converted into a small, experimental theatre, the Prithvi Theatre.Both <mask> and Ramsarni had cancer and died about a fortnight apart. <mask> died on 29 May 1972. A Samadhi (memorial) of <mask> at their family farm "Rajbaugh", which means the "king of gardens", also houses Privthiraj <mask> and his wife's memorial. Rajbaugh lies on the banks of Mula-Mutha River in Loni Kalbhor village 30 km east of Pune in Maharshtra. <mask> family sold part of 125 acres Rajbaugh to MIT World Peace University (MIT WPU) which built and houses the memorial for the <mask> family on its campus. It has 7 pagodas and a viewing gallery which displays the <mask> family photographs. <mask> shot many of his films at this farm, including Satyam Shivam Sundaram, Mera Naam Joker, Bobby, and Prem Rog among others.<mask>'s family bungalow inside the farm has been preserved; the popular song "Hum Tum Ek Kamre Mein Band Ho" was shot inside this bungalow. Roli Books, 2004. . References External links <mask>, My father by Shamsherraj (Shammi) <mask> 1906 births 1972 deaths Punjabi Hindus Indian male film actors Indian male silent film actors Indian male stage actors Indian theatre directors Indian People's Theatre Association people Indian theatre managers and producers Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts Hindi theatre People from Faisalabad 20th-century Indian male actors Prithviraj Edwardes College alumni Deaths from cancer in India

Mary Wells (actress)

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<mask>, afterwards Mrs. Sumbel (16 December 1762 – 23 January 1829), was an English actress and memoirist. Early life She was the daughter of Thomas Davies, a carver and gilder who was born there on 16 December 1762 in Birmingham. Her father died whilst being held in a madhouse. Her widowed mother kept a tavern whose customers included the actor Richard Yates. Yates arranged for <mask> to appear in a breeches role as the young Duke of York in Richard III at the Birmingham Theatre. She went to appear as Cupid in William Whitehead's Trip to Scotland, and as Arthur in King John. In Gloucester, she played Juliet and married the Mr <mask> who played Romeo at Chad's Church in Shrewsbury.The marriage did not last long and she was abandoned. On the London stage On 1 June 1781, as Madge in Isaac Bickerstaffe's Love in a Village and Mrs. Cadwallader in Samuel Foote's Author, she made her first appearance at the Haymarket. John Genest says that she was excellent in both characters. Jenny in Lionel and Clarissa (Bickerstaffe) followed, and on 3 September in John O'Keeffe's Agreeable Surprise she was the first Cowslip, a name that stuck to her (though she is occasionally spoken of as 'Becky' <mask>). Genest wrote that nothing could be superior to her acting as Cowslip and that of John Edwin as Lingo. On 25 September, as Nancy in Love in a Camp, she made her first appearance at Drury Lane, where she also played on 29 October. Jenny in the Gentle Shepherd, adapted from Allan Ramsay by Richard Tickell.Harriet in the Jealous Wife, Widow O'Grady in the Irish Widow, Flora in She Would and She Would Not (Colley Cibber), and Jacintha in The Suspicious Husband followed. At the Haymarket in 1782 her name appears to Molly in the English Merchant and Bridget in The Chapter of Accidents (Sophia Lee). She also, as she says, replaced Mrs. Cargill, who had eloped, as Macheath in the Beggar's Opera, with the male characters played by women and vice versa. She made a distinguished success, and was received with great enthusiasm. She played at Drury Lane Kitty Pry in The Lying Valet, and Jane Shore on 30 April 1783, her first appearance in tragedy. At the Haymarket she was on 6 July 1784 the original Fanny in Elizabeth Inchbald's Mogul's Tale, on 6 September the first Maud in O'Keeffe's Peeping Tom, the eponymous Isabella, and Lady Randolph in Douglas. Nancy Buttercup, an original part in O'Keeffe's Beggar on Horseback, was seen at the Haymarket on 16 June 1785.On 14 December she made her first appearance at Covent Garden as Jane Shore (in her own opinion, her best performance), playing also Laura in Edward Topham's farce The Fool, which her acting commended to the public. After repeating Lady Randolph and Isabella, she was on 5 January 1786 Imogen in Cymbeline; William Woodfall in the Morning Chronicle awarded her praise for the performance. Andromache in the Distressed Mother (Ambrose Philips) followed, and was succeeded by Shakespearean heroines (Rosalind, Portia), and Fidelia in the Plain Dealer; and she was on 24 April the first Eugenia in The Bird in a Cage, or Money works Wonders, altered from James Shirley. At the Haymarket in 1786 she played some unimportant original parts. When John Palmer made in 1787 his trial effort at the Royalty Theatre, Wellclose Square, she gave her imitations of Mrs. Siddons and other actresses, and was paid £50 a night. She came back to Covent Garden, where she was on 17 September 1787 Mrs. Page in the Merry Wives of Windsor and played Lady Percy, Lady in Comus, Rosina, Anne Lovely, and Fatima in Cymon.Here she remained some time, acting in the summer at Cheltenham, Brighton, and Weymouth, where she was favoured by royalty. Personal troubles She had three daughters with a writer named Edward Topham. At the beginning of 1787 Topham started a newspaper called the World and Fashionable Advertiser. <mask> was at first lauded by the paper but as time went by she ended up managing it. She was a guarantor for her brother-in-law and this resulted in her being imprisoned for debt in the Fleet Prison. Whilst there she met a Sephardic Jew named Joseph Sumbel who was imprisoned for contempt and they married in prison. She became a Jew and took the name Leah.Sumbel was a secretary to the ambassador from Morocco. Sumbel tried unsuccessfully to have the marriage annulled. She later became a Christian again. Last years and death She does not seem to have acted much later than 1790, though she gave her imitations at private houses; and once attempted to give them publicly during Lent, but was prevented by the bishop of London. She spent her later years in lodgings with her aged mother. She also applied to the Covent Garden Theatrical Fund, and received an annuity of £55 until her death in London on 23 January 1829. She was buried in St Pancras, London.Works She published in 1811 Memoirs of the Life of Mrs. Sumbel, late <mask>, of the Theatres Royal Drury Lane, Covent Garden, and Haymarket, written by herself, (London, 3 vols.) The three volumes of this rambling autobiography are occupied principally with details of travels in search of her children, who refused to know her, or of friends. The remainder stock seems to have received a new title-page in 1828, when it appeared as Anecdotes and Correspondence of Celebrated Actors and Actresses, including Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Kelly, Mr. Kemble, Mr. Colman, Mrs. Siddons, &c. Also an Account of the Awful Death of Lord Lyttelton. Her portrait, in the character of Cowslip in the Agreeable Surprise, was engraved by John Downman (Bromley, p. 447). A portrait of her by De Wilde, as Anne Lovely in A Bold Stroke for a Wife, is in the Mathews collection in the Garrick Club. An engraving by J. R. Smith from his own picture of her as Cowslip was published by Ackerman in 1802. References Attribution Actresses from Birmingham, West Midlands 1762 births 1829 deaths 18th-century English people 19th-century English people 18th-century English actresses 19th-century English actresses English stage actresses 18th-century British women writers 18th-century British writers 19th-century English women writers English women writers 19th-century English writers

Maximiliano Hernández Martínez

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<mask> (20 October 1882 – 15 May 1966) was the President of El Salvador from 4 December 1931 to 28 August 1934 in an acting capacity and again in an official capacity from 1 March 1935 until his resignation on 9 May 1944. He was the leader of El Salvador during World War II. While he served as President Arturo Araujo's Vice President and defense minister, a directorate seized power during a palace coup and afterwards named General <mask> President of El Salvador. He was President of El Salvador for almost 12 years and ruled the nation with an authoritarian one party state lead by the fascistic and anti-communist National Pro Patria Party. His rule was marked by rigged and fraudulent elections and brutality, most notably the 1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre, known as La Matanza ("The Massacre"). Under his rule, El Salvador joined the Allied Powers during World War II on 8 December 1941 following the Bombing of Pearl Harbor. He modernized the nation through infrastructure projects such as the Pan-American Highway and the Cuscatlán Bridge.He also established the Central Reserve Bank, but he was eventually forced to resign on 9 May 1944 after a military mutiny the month prior and massive civil unrest. Early and personal life <mask> <mask> was born to Raymundo <mask> and Petronila <mask> on October 20, 1882. He is the youngest of eight children: Alberto, Carmen, Esperanza, Marina, Eduardo, Rosa, Gloria, and <mask>. His family relationship with his family always strained due to his theosophical beliefs, straying from the family’s religion: Roman Catholicism. He was a vegetarian due to his religious beliefs and was obsessed with the occult, science, and his belief in reincarnation. He was abstemious, a habit that was strictly instilled in him by his father. Studies and military career He studied secondary education at the National Institute of El Salvador.After finishing his secondary education studies, he entered the Polytechnic School of Guatemala, where he obtained the degree of Sub-Lieutenant. He returned to El Salvador during the presidency of General Tomás Regalado. Upon his return, he studied at the Facility of Jurisprudence and Social Sciences at the University of El Salvador. He was promoted to lieutenant on 17 November 1903; to captain on 23 August 1906; to captain major the same year, during the Third Totoposte War with Guatemala where <mask> fought under General Tomás Regalado; to lieutenant colonel on 6 May 1909; and finally to colonel on 15 June 1914. On 14 July 1919, the National Legislative Assembly promoted him to the rank of brigadier general and the legislative decree was sanctioned by the president Jorge Meléndez Ramírez on 17 September. He became Minister of National Defense on 1 March 1931. Rise to power In the 1931 presidential election he was initially a candidate for his National Republican Party.He joined forces with Arturo Araujo of the Labor Party, running on a reformist platform. The ticket won the election with a 46.65% margin and 106,777 votes in what was considered the first free multiparty election in Salvadoran history and the last for over half a century. The reason for the coup was that military personnel had not been paid their salary, although it is sometimes attributed to the fall in prices of coffee abroad. The reality is that officers were not paid and the Finance Minister had only paid the police, who remained loyal to the president. The army officers were angry and ousted President Araujo on 2 December 1931. In its place, the military officers established the Civic Directory. Two days later on 4 December, <mask> <mask> became Acting President of El Salvador.The United States did not recognize the legitimacy of <mask>'s rise to power or government due to the 1923 Central American Treaty of Peace and Amity and only recognized his government after his government put down the communist uprising in early 1932. <mask> eventually denounced El Salvador's membership of the treaty on 26 December 1932. Presidency La Matanza Legislative elections were scheduled for 3–5 January 1932 and <mask>'s government promised free and fair elections. To participate in the election, however, voters had to be registered in their municipalities alongside their party, thus giving the government a list of Communist Party members. The communists won several municipalities but <mask> cancelled the election results and cancelled follow up elections scheduled for 10–12 January. In response to the election cancellation, many in the Salvadoran Communist Party (PCES) believed that armed insurrection was the only choice since both democracy and <mask>'s authoritarian government had both failed. The rebellion was planned for mid-January.Meanwhile, indigenous peasants also planned a revolt of their own to protest the poor living conditions in western El Salvador. On 22 January 1932, peasants in western El Salvador attacked military barracks and wealthy estates and killed around 100 people. The rebels, lead by Feliciano Ama, Farabundo Martí, Mario Zapata, and Alfonso Luna, seized control of the towns of Juayúa, Nahuizalco, Izalco, and Tlacopan. Barracks in towns such as Ahuachapán, Santa Tecla, and Sonsonate resisted the attacks and remained under government control. <mask> responded quickly to the uprising in western El Salvador and ordered the army to put down the revolt. He organized several of his military officers to accomplish specific tasks to crush the rebellion. General José Tomás Calderón was tasked with evicting rebels from western El Salvador, Colonel Osmín Aguirre y Salinas was to arrest communist leader Farabundo Martí, Colonel Salvador Ochoa had to recapture Santa Tecla, and Major Saturnino Cortez had to recapture Tacuba.After 72 hours, the rebellion was crushed. The specific number of victims is unknown, but estimates range from 10,000 to 40,000 for the entire rebellion. American historian Thomas Anderson says there were no more than 10,000 killed. He does accept that the military killed people without a judgement and that they were usually killed by a firing squad after being compelled to dig their own graves. Usually they only needed to be Indian, usually male, from the town, and listed as voters of the Communist party in that town. The leaders of the rebellion were all executed: Feliciano Ama was lynched by the Army while the communist leaders were executed by firing squad. After the conflict, survivors attempted to flee to Guatemala.In response, President Jorge Ubico ordered the border to be closed and handed over anyone who attempted to cross to the Salvadoran army. As resolution of the conflict, the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador issued Legislative Decree No. 121 on 11 July 1932, which granted unconditional amnesty to anyone who committed crimes of any nature in order to "restore order, repress, persecute, punish and capture those accused of the crime of rebellion of this year." Authoritarian presidency <mask>'s policies had various effects on the country's cultural, political, and economic life. By centralizing government, he participated in almost all decision-making, directing almost every single one of his government's activities. He distanced the military, except himself, from the civil administration of the country, resulting in military officers being a minority within his cabinet. The salaries for government officials and for the military were extremely low, compared to previous times.This discouraged military personnel from being involved in government, despite the fact that a demand for higher wages was one of the reasons the military toppled Araujo's government in 1931. However, he always preferred to have military protection, and transferred the presidential office and his family residence to the then Normal School for Boys, next to the El Zapote Barracks. He promoted economic growth based on expansion of large coffee plantations, thus benefiting landowners and initiating links between the military and the oligarchy. During his presidency, the creation of the Central Reserve Bank and the Mortgage Bank, the Salvadoran Coffee Company, the Rural Credit Box, the Cotton Cooperative, the General Directorate of Public Works, and the Social Improvement, developed a commendable work within its functions. Roads were built throughout the country such as the Pan-American Highway and the Flor Blanca National Stadium (now the Estadio Jorge "Mágico" González) where the Third Central American and Caribbean Games were held in 1935. Buildings such as the telegraph building, the castle of the former National Guard (current headquarters of the General Directorate of the National Civil Police), and large bridges such as the Cuscatlán Bridge over the Lempa River were built in 1942. On 23 February 1932 the Salvadoran government defaulted on its external debt and stated that it would not pay the loans if the interest was not reduced and the term extended.The net debt, that is to say without interest, was fully paid off in 1938, although the interest was not paid off until 1960. Once the debt had been paid off, <mask> proposed, reflected on a commemorative plaque placed in the Legislative Assembly, the policy of non-acquisition of loans international in the future. Despite this initiative, he also acquired loans for the construction of the Pan-American Highway. On the other hand, on 12 March 1932, he decreed the Moratorium Law, by which he reduced the interest of debtors facing bankruptcy. In addition, with the objective of stabilizing the value of the colón, he created the Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador in 1934, indemnifying private banks to stop issuing money. As for policies referring directly to the population, his theosophical customs prevailed. For example, when a smallpox plague broke out in San Salvador, he had street lamps in the squares covered with blue paper, hoping that "invisible doctors" would save those who were destined to live.Among other things, he established that anyone who asked for a formal education should be considered a communist. He discouraged workers and employees from getting an education because, in his words, "soon there would be no more people willing to work in cleaning tasks." In July 1932, he established the Social Improvement Fund, and in October, the National Board of Social Improvement, whose main activity was to acquire homes and provide soft loans to farmers to buy them. However, this activity did not bring results expected by the population, since the beneficiaries were much fewer than what had been projected. Despite the fact that it was described as an agrarian reform, it was not, since the lands were not expropriated, but bought at a price market and sold at a lower one, using national funds that would never be reintegrated and that would pass into the hands of the landowners of the time. Homes were also built to be sold under the same conditions, although this occurred on a smaller scale. <mask> modified the Police Law of 1879, prohibiting civilians from carrying firearms, knives, machetes or slits, and making defiance of said ordinance a crime.He

Maximiliano Hernández Martínez

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also established that those who did not hold legal offices or legitimate jobs would be persecuted and punished as lazy. The penalty for theft was the amputation of a hand and, in the face of recidivism, the sentence was death by firing squad. He established strong alliances with the Catholic Church, obtaining the benefit of the two monsignors of the time, Monsignor Belloso and Monsignor Chávez y González, who were always present in political executions and who, after the 1932 uprising, offered masses in gratitude for the military victory. In military matters, he strengthened the professionalization of officers through military study scholarships, especially to Italy. He financed the construction of a war tank, armed with six heavy machine guns. On 24 April 1938, Eberhardt Bohnstedt, a Wehrmacht general, was appointed as director of the Salvadoran military school. In 1939, he called the Constituent Assembly to draft and ratify a new constitution, which had provisions for the female vote, under certain conditions of social origin and level of education.In 1943, <mask> tried to increase the export tariffs to obtain more revenue for El Salvador, which harmed the relationship he had with the oligarchs. World War II The advent of the Second World War meant an increase in exports to the United States and the improvement of the Salvadoran economy. This allowed <mask> to carry out some social reforms and a slight redistribution of land through an agrarian program. <mask> was very attracted to the successes of the European fascist governments, especially Hitler, Mussolini, and Franco. In 1938 he appointed Eberhardt Bohnstedt, a general of the Wehrmacht, as director of the Salvadoran military school. In addition, he opened diplomatic relations with the Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco and was one of the first to recognize his government. In addition, he gave diplomatic recognition to the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and the German puppet state of the Slovak Republic.Trade with Germany and Italy increased from 1935-1937 and El Salvador bought several planes from the Italian government for the Salvadoran Air Force since American planes were too expensive. El Salvador sent military officers to Italy for military training. From 1930 up until 1940, El Salvador imported and exported more to Germany that the United States. Fascist influence was so abundant in El Salvador that schoolchildren were taught to do the Roman salute and 300 men imitating the Italian Blackshirts marching in the streets on San Salvador following the Italian entry into World War II in June 1940. However, under pressure from the United States, the primary coffee buyer of El Salvador, he had to abandon his sympathies and agreed to align itself alongside the Allies of World War II on 8 December 1941 after the Japanese Bombing of Pearl Harbor. Likewise, German and Italian residents in El Salvador were expropriated of their lands and were sent to concentration camps, which earned them diplomatic recognition from the United States. That change in his foreign policy, as well as the repression against the communists and opponents of his government, allowed him to obtain greater support from the United States.However, the situation changed due to <mask>'s refusal to receive 3,000 US soldiers to protect the Panama Canal. The United States placed troops in the countries near the Canal, except in El Salvador, given the presidential refusal. The reason <mask> gave for rejecting the American request was that, since the arriving troops would have a percentage of Black soldiers, there was an imminent risk that they would reproduce in El Salvador and that they would fill El Salvador with children of color. El Salvador sent no men to fight on the battlefield during the war but it did send men to perform maintenance on the Panama Canal. During WWII, Colonel José Castellanos Contreras saved 40,000 Jews in Central Europe by providing them political asylum and fake Salvadoran passports. Criticisms <mask>'s government was widely criticized by various sectors, focusing mainly on his theosophical practices and their repercussions on his actions as ruler. First, the general's belief that the state must have absolute power over individuals led him to convert the state as an individual controller, endowing him with extra-constitutional power over national life, giving him control of the armed forces.He had strict control of the mass media, aligning them in favor of his regime or simply closing them in the face of occasional resistance. Furthermore, he was criticized for the exile of the most important thinkers and artists of the time who did not agree with his government. The harshness of his measures and mainly his contempt for the quality of the human being led him to commit acts that would mark a precedent of violence, a prelude to what would come decades later during the military dictatorship. The media handling extended to the political field, creating conditions so that even abroad he was considered a democratic president. For example, he placed the Communist Party election booth right in front of the Hotel Nuevo Mundo, which housed large numbers of foreigners, especially Americans. The intention was clear: to create an image of democracy to be recognized by the rest of the world as a legitimate president. He went to the lengths of holding presidential elections in 1935, 1939, and 1944, and legislative elections in 1936, 1939, 1944, however, he was the only candidate, he always won 100% of the vote, and his National Pro Patria Party was the only legal political party.However, the main criticism of his government is the excessive use of force. He used unorthodox repressive methods characterized by violence and disrespect for the integrity of the individual. End of <mask>'s Government When <mask> raised the export tax in 1943 the weary distrust among oligarchic landowning elites over his modest land reform efforts and eccentric ways turned to conspiracy and opposition. He openly violated the constitution by declaring that he would serve a third term without holding elections. Palm Sunday Coup In response, an armed revolt broke out on Palm Sunday, 2 April 1944, led by intellectuals, business leaders and disloyal segments of the military. While top members of the regime leadership were at home for Holy Week, the strategic First Infantry and the Second Artillery regiments of San Salvador and Santa Ana garrison seized the state radio station, took control of the Air Force and seized Santa Ana’s police headquarters and telegraph offices. Santa Ana was bombed from the air as civilians below rallied, overthrew and replaced their city council.However, Gen. <mask> was able to put down the rebellion with his remaining obedient military units. Martial law, including a police curfew, was declared in effect and savagely enforced. Reprisals against rebels and suspected rebels began right away and lasted for weeks in a highly public and distressing campaign of repression. More than 100 civilians were shot dead in street demonstrations by the army. Strike of Fallen Arms Soon after, however, in May 1944, <mask> was deposed by the Strike of Fallen Arms led by students. Their strategy was to avoid direct confrontation with the regime's soldiers by simply, passively, non-violently staying home. During this massive political action, Salvadoran society was completely paralysed until he was deposed.Doctors and other professionals joined on May 5, successfully turning it into a general strike. On May 7 police fired into a group of youths, and fatally struck a 17-year-old who happened to be a U.S. citizen. This increased the pressure on the regime. After attempting to negotiate a later departure date, <mask> resigned on 9 May and had Andrés Ignacio Menéndez appointed as Provisional President. By May 11 the strike was over and he had fled to exile in Guatemala. The revolt then spread to Guatemala, where the similar military leader Jorge Ubico was also forced to resign by 1 July. Death After being deposed, <mask> traveled to exile in Guatemala and then later Honduras where he lived until he was stabbed to death at Hacienda Jamastrán, on 15 May 1966, by his taxi driver, Cipriano Morales, whose father had been murdered by <mask>'s dictatorship.He remains one of the oldest politicians to be assassinated. Legacy Much of El Salvador is still divided over the legacy of <mask>'s tenure. While El Salvador had seen economic growth during his leadership and he was admired by the wealthy elite, the country experienced widespread social unrest, most significantly the 1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre, where 25,000 people were sentence to death many just for having indigenous appearance. Those who were captured alive were sent to trial and inevitably sentenced to death. In terms of civil rights, his record was mixed. He expanded voting rights to women for the first time, enacted some social security programs, and attempted to manage the economy, in contrast to the economic policies of Liberal regimes that had ruled El Salvador since the 1870s. But his regime censored the media, banned political opposition, abolished local elections, rigged national elections, and brutally killed thousands of dissidents and innocents.<mask> was a believer in fringe occultism and was a theosophist. When a smallpox epidemic broke out in San Salvador he had colored lights hung around the city, in the belief that this would cure the disease. He also believed in reincarnation and once said that "it is a greater crime to kill an ant than a man, for when a man dies he becomes reincarnated, while an ant dies forever." During the country's civil war from 1979 to 1992, an extreme right-wing death squad named after him, called the "Maximiliano <mask> Anti-Communist Brigade," operated in the country and claimed responsibility for the assassination of many Christian Democrat and Marxist politicians as well as innocent civilians in El Salvador in 1980. Awards and decorations Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold Grand Cross of the Order of the Quetzal Grand Cordon of the Order of the Illustrious Dragon Grand Cordon of the Order of the Pillars of State Spain Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic Cruz de Guerra for officials and subofficials See also Military dictatorship in El Salvador References External links <mask> <mask>. Presidente 1931–1944 (2003) (University of Central America) 1882 births 1966 deaths People from La Libertad Department (El Salvador) Salvadoran people of Spanish descent Presidents of El Salvador Vice presidents of El Salvador Defence ministers of El Salvador Salvadoran anti-communists Salvadoran Theosophists Leaders who took power by coup World War II political leaders Murder in 1966 Assassinated Salvadoran politicians Salvadoran people murdered abroad People murdered in Honduras Deaths by stabbing in Honduras Salvadoran military personnel Assassinated people Politicide perpetrators Genocide perpetrators Leaders ousted by a coup Salvadoran nationalists People from San Salvador Fascist

Michele Oka Doner

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<mask> (born 1945, Miami Beach, Florida, United States) is an American artist and author who works in a variety of media including sculpture, prints, drawings, functional objects and video. She has also worked in costume and set design and has created over 40 public and private permanent art installations, including “A Walk On The Beach,” a one and a quarter mile long bronze and terrazzo concourse at Miami International Airport. Early life Born and raised in Miami Beach, <mask> is the granddaughter of painter Samuel Heller. <mask>'s father, <mask>, was elected judge and mayor of Miami Beach during her youth (1945–1964). The family lived a public and politically active life. In later years, <mask>r co-authored, with Mitchell Wolfson Jr. Miami Beach: Blueprint of an Eden, an intimate portrayal of Miami Beach from the 1920s to the 1960s using their families as prisms to reflect the times. Reviewed as classic of social history, with material that was part of the public record of its time, it was used as a textbook in Human Geography at George Washington University in 2008.In 1957, age 12, <mask> <mask> began a year-long independent project studying the International Geophysical Year (IGY). She assembled a book of drawings, writings and collages that became a template for projects realized in later years. Education In 1963, <mask> <mask> left Florida for the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Her art instructor Milton Cohen was experimenting with The Space Theater and George Manupelli began the Ann Arbor Film Festival. Their students were engaged in poetry, dance, light, music, all combined into a unitary vision, a motif that shaped <mask> <mask>'s student years and is characteristic of her work today. <mask> Doner participated in a Manupelli experimental film, a "Map Read" performance with art drawing instructor Al Loving and Judsonite dancer Steve Paxton as well as several "Happenings." Another influence was art historian and Islamic scholar, Oleg Grabar, who illustrated how patterns in architecture are able to dissolve space.A Death Mask, one of her first works, was selected as the cover of Generation, the University's avant garde journal, as campus unrest over the Vietnam war escalated. Her Tattooed Porcelain Dolls were adopted by students protesting the U.S.'s use of napalm, causing disfiguration. "The curious tattooed porcelain pieces of Doner are rather disturbing truncated body parts, as if eaten away by some leper. These bizarre open-stomached puppets, tattooed like the natives of the Amazon, or exhibiting configurations resembling those of certain sea shells, their heads (when they have them) with eyes closed, moth half-open and brain visible, fall into the category of surrealistic objects, but with a surrealism filled with a sap which is naive, barbaric and young." <mask> <mask> received a Bachelor of Science and Design from the University of Michigan (1966), a M.F.A. (1968), was Alumna-in-Residence (1990), received the Distinguished Alumna Award from the School of Art (1994) and was a Penny Stamps Distinguished Speaker (2008). She was awarded the honorary degree, Doctor of Arts (2016).Many examples of her work can be found on campus, including Science Benches, commissioned by the University (1990). Other work can be found in the collection of the University of Michigan Museum of Art including the large, cast bronze figures by <mask> <mask>, Angry Neptune, Salacia and Strider, located outside the museum. Early career Upon graduation in 1968, <mask> <mask> established a studio in downtown Ann Arbor behind the art gallery "Editions, Inc.," where physicist Lloyd Cross and sculptor Jerry Pethick were experimenting with holography. Using a krypton laser, they created the first art holograms. One of <mask> <mask>'s sculptures was appropriated for this experiment. The "Ceramic Doll" opened in the world's first exhibition of holograms at the Cranbrook Academy Art in 1970. NBC's cultural reporter, Aline Saarinen featured other ceramic dolls on the Today Show on November 4, 1969.These sculptures traveled to the Edinburgh College of Art in conjunction with the Festival in 1973. They were featured on the front page of the Financial Times in a review by art critic Marina Vaizey. <mask> <mask> moved to Detroit and exhibited at the Gertrude Kasle Gallery in 1971. In 1975, a new body of work, Burial Pieces was laid out on the floor of Gallery 7, then a Cooperative Gallery of black artists, led by Charles McGee. It was the first of many installations that shed pedestals and traditional ways of displaying sculpture. A one-person show at the Detroit Institute of Arts followed in 1977. Works in Progress, also forsook conventional props.<mask> <mask> installed on the floor of the North Court thousands of pieces of clay depicting images of writing and seeds in the process of germinating. In 1979, the DIA initiated a small group exhibition, "Image and Object in Contemporary Sculpture," including <mask> <mask>, Scott Burton, Dennis Oppenheim, and Terry Allen, which traveled to P.S. 1, New York. "To this viewer, the best work in the show is that of <mask> Doner, who makes fossilized relics of clap-bones, plants, primitive idols, and large pelvic-shaped structures that metamorphose into grisly chairs. She has elegantly translated these rudimentary forms into real objects of art." Public art In 1981, <mask> <mask> moved to New York City and embarked on a series of public art installations. In 1987, she won a national competition sponsored by the MTA's Arts For Transit Program with Radiant Site a 165 ft. long wall for the Herald Square subway station in New York City.The late architect Morris Lapidus said of "Celestial Plaza," "By laying these forms at our feet, she encourages us to stop and search the sparkling expanse for landmarks just as we would search the night sky." This was the genesis for many installations including the River of Quintessence at the U.S. Courthouse in Laredo, Texas, and Flight at the Reagan National Airport in Washington D.C. For the Federal Courthouse in Gulfport, Mississippi, <mask> <mask> designed a security screen, Wave & Gate (2003). Miami International Airport <mask> <mask>'s best known artwork is "A Walk on the Beach" (1995, 1999), and its extension, "A Walk on the Beach: Tropical Gardens" (1996–2010) at the Miami International Airport. It is composed of over 9000 bronzes embedded in terrazzo with mother-of-pearl. At one and quarter linear miles, it is one of the largest artworks in the world. "Doner has chosen to express herself in public spaces, on a large scale…A Walk on the Beach…inspired by the marine flora and fauna of Florida is embedded into a ground sewn with inclusions of mother-of-pearl.More than walking on the beach, experiencing the piece is like being suspended in a celestial vault, surrounded by marine constellations and fossil comets, or rather walking along the bottom of an ocean where the milky way has become ship wreck. Doner has invented an astonishing, paradoxical map, where 'below' and 'above' are reversed, one overturned into the other; and yet the sense of wonder overcomes the vertigo of the upheaval of the natural order." A Walk on the Beach has been adopted by the community as one of the "8 Wonders of Miami." Sculpture and exhibitions In 2009–2010, <mask> <mask> installed SoulCatchers, approximately 400 shamanistic sculptures in the kiln room at the Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactury, Munich, Germany. "The world itself has a soul, found in the human capacity of imagination. It manifests itself in dreams and fantasy, poetry and art." Additional "SoulCatchers" were exhibited at the Marlborough Gallery, New York (2008) and Frederic Meijer Gardens and Sculpture Park in Grand Rapids, Michigan (2009).Solo exhibitions of her work have been held at the Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan; Germans Van Eck, Diane Brown, Art & Industrie, Willoughby Sharp and Marlborough Gallery in New York, Studio Stefania Miscetti in Rome; and Gloria Luria Gallery in Miami, Florida. Recent solo exhibitions include, "Close Your Physical Eye," Manitoga Arts Center, Garrison, New York (2019); "New Works on Paper," Marlborough Gallery, New York (2019), " "How I Caught A Swallow in Mid-Air," at the Perez Art Museum Miami (2016), "Mysterium" at David Gill Gallery, London (2016), "Feasting on Bark," Marlborough Gallery, New York (2015), "The Shaman's Hut," Christie's gallery, New York (2014), "Neuration of the Genus," Dieu Donne Gallery, New York, NY, where she was interviewed by the artist Adam Fuss, and "Exhaling Gnosis" at Miami Biennale (2011). Her first video, A Walk on the Beach premiered at Art Basel Miami Beach (2011) in the public screenings "Art Video" program in SoundScape Park on the 7,000 square foot outdoor projection wall of the New World Center. <mask> <mask> designed her first sets and costumes for Miami City Ballet's production of George Balanchine's "A Midsummer Nights Dream" (Spring, 2016 and Spring, 2019) Sets and costumes were inspired by images of undersea creatures photographed at the Marine Invertebrate Museum collection at the Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami, Prof. Nancy Voss, Director. The images were also the subject of the book and e-book, Into the Mysterium, a Regan Arts book, also published at this time. Additionally, Michele Oka Doner created a large-scale art installation, “Mangrove Retreat,” in 2015 for Art Basel Miami Beach using Sunbrella fabric. Her work is in collections worldwide, notably the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, the Cooper-Hewitt, La Musée Des Artes Décoratifs, the Louvre, the Wolfsoniana in Genoa, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Virginia Museum, the St. Louis Museum, the Dallas Museum of Art, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the Yale Art Gallery, Princeton University Art Museum, and the Perez Art Museum Miami.Recognition <mask> <mask> has received many awards and honors, including: Guardian of the Great Miami Beach Banyan Tree by Proclamation, Mayor of the City of Miami Beach, 2021 Artist In Residence, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 2019 Artist In Residence Manitoga, Garrison, New York, 2019 Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts, University of Michigan, 2016 John S. and James L. Knight Foundation Arts Challenge Grant, 2017. Artist Grant, 2015 <li>Legends Award, Pratt Institute, 2006Honorary Doctorate Degree in Fine Arts from the New York School of Interior Design, 2011 Distinguished Alumni Award, University of Michigan, 1994 Alumna In Residence, University of Michigan School of Art, 1990 Artist in Residence (RAAR), Academy in Rome, 1987 Michigan Potter's Association Ceramic Prize, Detroit Institute of Arts, 1969 Standard Ceramic Company Award, 1968 Lydia Winston Malbin Prize at the Detroit Institute of Arts, 1968 Publications Selected Books by and about the artist: 2019 – <mask>, <mask>, Intuitive Alphabet, Miami: TRA Publishing, 2017 <mask>, <mask>, Judith Thurman, Joseph Giovannini, Cynthia Nadelman, Gregory Volk, Everything Is Alive, New York: Regan Arts, 2017 <mask>, <mask>, Intuitiva Alphabet, Collector's Edition, Miami: TRA Publishing, 2016 <mask>, <mask>a. Essay: Prof. Nancy Voss. Into the Mysterium. New York: Regan Arts 2010 <mask>, <mask>a. What is White. Limited Edition Artist Book.New York: Dieu Donne Press 2008 – Kuspit, Donald. HumanNature: The Figures of <mask>a Doner. Design: Massimo Vignelli. Milan, New York: Edizioni Charta 2007 <mask>, <mask> and Mitchell Wolfson, Jr.. Miami Beach: Blueprint of an Eden, New York: HarperCollins: Harper Design 2005 <mask>, <mask> and Mitchell Wolfson Jr. Miami Beach: Blueprint of an Eden. Cologne, Berlin: Feierabend Unique Books 2004 – Stump, Ulrike Meyer, Andrew Knoll, <mask> <mask>, Arlene Raven, Dona <mask> Oka Doner: Workbook. New York: OKA Press 2003 – Ramljak, Susanne, Arthur Danto, Morris Lapidus, Mitchell Wolfson Jr. <mask>a Doner: Natural Seduction. New York, Manchester VT: Hudson Hills Press References External links Official website Marlborough Gallery information Meet Michelle Oka Doner video from the University of Michigan Museum of Art 1945 births Living people University of Michigan alumni American sculptors Artists from Miami 20th-century American women artists 20th-century American sculptors Sculptors from Florida 21st-century American women

Ramón Rivas

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<mask> (born March 16, 1966) is a Puerto Rican retired professional basketball player, and sports color commentator. Rivas was the third player from Puerto Rico to play in the NBA (after Butch Lee and José Ortiz), and half of the first duo of Puerto Ricans to be active in the NBA simultaneously (with Ortiz). <mask> has played in the NBA, NCAA Division I, and in the Puerto Rican National Superior League (BSN), with the Carolina Giants. Rivas also played internationally, in Spain, Greece, and Italy. <mask> was also a member of the senior Puerto Rican National Basketball Team for several years. He represented Puerto Rico at the following tournaments: the 1986 FIBA World Championship, in Málaga, Spain; the 1988 Summer Olympic Games, in Seoul, South Korea; the 1990 FIBA World Championship, in Buenos Aires, Argentina; the 1992 Summer Olympic Games, in Barcelona, Spain; and the 1996 Summer Olympics, in Atlanta, United States. Biography Early years As a youngster, Rivas played at The San Juan Y.M.C.A, for Millin Romero.He progressed through Carolina's minor basketball tournaments, becoming one of the best centers in Puerto Rico, while he played for Levittown's Pedro Albizu Campos High School's team. Flor Melendez took note of his progress, and signed him to play for the Carolina Giants, of Puerto Rico's top-tier level league, the BSN. That year he was selected BSN Rookie of the Year. The changes on the Carolina Giants were evident, when Rivas joined the team: From being one of the worst teams in the league, during the 1983 tournament, they got better every year. In 1987, the team almost reached the BSN playoffs, and, in 1988, the team finally reached the BSN playoffs, for the first time, having the best record in the regular season (1989 Regular Season: PPG.24.4, Reb.17.4 in 30 games). College career Rivas attended Temple University, where he played NCAA Division I college basketball with the Temple Owls, from 1984 to 1988, going on four occasions to the NCAA post season tournament. He was coached by Hall of Fame head coach John Chaney.Temple was ranked 1st in the nation in his senior year, with a record of 34 wins and 2 losses. Playing with the Owls helped him gain experience, and improve his game in the NCAA. He became well-known in the United States, as a center who could score points, and rebound in double figures, and was a respected player among his peers. Professional career Signed by the NBA Thanks to his notable NCAA Division I college basketball career, the Boston Celtics announced that they would sign Rivas for a full season, towards the end of the 1988 Summer Olympic Games, in Seoul. Having coincided with José Ortiz's signing by the Utah Jazz two weeks prior, <mask>' signing by the Celtics was a cause of great celebration for Puerto Ricans, many of whom felt their efforts in basketball were finally being recognized by the NBA. With the Celtics, Rivas had the opportunity to share playing time alongside Larry Bird, Kevin McHale, Dennis Johnson, Robert Parish, Reggie Lewis, and Brian Shaw, among others. The Celtics reached the playoffs, by beating the Washington Bullets by two games, for the eighth and final playoff spot in the NBA east that year, but were swept in three games, by the eventual champion Detroit Pistons, in the playoffs' first round.Because of his height, Rivas had to change playing positions when he arrived to the Celtics, going from playing center in Puerto Rico, to power forward in Boston. After that season with the Celtics, he came back to Puerto Rico, and received his first Puerto Rican League MVP honor, while playing for the Carolina Giants. That summer, he was signed by a basketball club in Spain, called Taugrés, which became his home for the next 7 years. Europe Rivas played for Taugrés in the Spanish League from 1989 until 1996, winning the Spanish King's Cup in 1995. He arrived with the Vitorian team to the FIBA European Cup (later called FIBA Saporta Cup) Finals in three consecutive years (1994, 1995, 1996) finally winning it in the 1995–96 season, against Peja Stojaković's team PAOK, and becoming the Finals MVP, with 32 points and 15 rebounds. In the 1996–97 season, he won the Spanish league with FC Barcelona and also finished runner-up of the 1996–97 FIBA EuroLeague, losing to Olympiacos from Greek Basket League. The following season went to Athens to play for AEK of Giannis Ioannidis, one of the biggest clubs in Greece, and played in another EuroLeague Final (1997–98 FIBA EuroLeague) against Ettore Messina's Kinder Bologna.In 1998, he went back to Spain, for his final year with the club Cáceres. In 1999, he played in Italy for the club Fabriano. National team career <mask> represented Puerto Rico, as a member of the senior Puerto Rican national basketball team, at the 1988 Summer Olympic Games, in Seoul, South Korea, the 1992 Summer Olympic Games, held at Barcelona, Spain, and the 1996 Summer Olympic Games, held in Atlanta. He also won the gold medal at the 1991 Pan American Games, and he also played at the 1986 FIBA World Championship, and the 1990 FIBA World Championship. Sports commentator <mask> worked for the Orlando Magic for 9 years, as a sports broadcasting color analyst, and for 5 years, for Fox Sports in Spanish. He worked as a TV sports color analyst at the Summer Olympic Games of Beijing 2008, and the Summer Olympic Games of London 2012, next to Edgar Lopez, for NBC Telemundo. References External links acb.com baskonia.com nba.com basketballreference.com basket-stats.info basketball-reference.com puertorico-herald.org 1966 births Living people 1986 FIBA World Championship players AEK B.C.players Baloncesto Superior Nacional players Basketball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics Basketball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Basketball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics Boston Celtics players Centers (basketball) Liga ACB players National Basketball Association broadcasters Olympic basketball players of Puerto Rico People from Carolina, Puerto Rico Power forwards (basketball) Puerto Rican men's basketball players 1990 FIBA World Championship players Puerto Rico men's national basketball team players Puerto Rican expatriate sportspeople in Spain Saski Baskonia players Spanish men's basketball players Temple Owls men's basketball players Undrafted National Basketball Association players

Kevin S. Huffman

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<mask><mask> (born September 22, 1970) is an American lawyer and education administrator who was the Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Education. He was appointed to the position by Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam and served from April 2011 to January 2015. Prior to his work at the Tennessee Department of Education, Huffman held a senior management position in Teach for America and had worked as an attorney specializing in education. Huffman resigned as Tennessee Commissioner of Education on November 13, 2014, noting that he has plans to work as a private consultant and plans to continue living in Nashville. Career Huffman graduated from Bexley High School in Bexley, Ohio, in 1988. He then attended Swarthmore College, receiving a B.A. in English literature in 1992.He began his career in education after graduation, becoming a Teach For America corps member in Houston, Texas. He taught bilingual first- and second-grade students in English and Spanish for the Houston Independent School District. He was a member of his school's elected shared-decision making committee, and trained new teachers as a faculty advisor and school director at Teach For America's summer training institutes. After finishing his assignment as a teacher for Teach for America, Huffman attended New York University School of Law, where he was a member of the law review and graduated in 1998. After law school, he joined the Washington, DC, law firm of Hogan & Hartson, where he represented school districts, state departments of education and universities, and worked on policy and litigation matters including challenges to state finance systems, desegregation litigation, and special education hearings and trials. In 2000, Huffman became a staff member for Teach For America. In more than a decade with that organization, he served as general counsel, senior vice president of growth strategy and development, and executive vice president of public affairs.In 2009, Huffman was voted "America's Next Great Pundit" by The Washington Post, where he had an opinion column from 2009 to 2010. In March 2011, Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam announced that he was appointing Huffman to head the state's Department of Education. Huffman started work in April 2011. He was the first Teach For America participant to assume the leadership of a state's public education program. In his first months as head of the Tennessee Department of Education, Huffman oversaw the implementation of a new evaluation system for teachers and school principals that seeks to provide a comprehensive look at educator performance based on multiple measures of effectiveness, including classroom observations, student academic growth, and locally selected measures of student achievement. He has called the evaluation system, which requires targeted feedback for teachers, "a model for the rest of the country." Also in his time at the Tennessee Department of Education, Tennessee became one of the first states receive a waiver from the Federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) (also known as No Child Left Behind), and he continued the focus on higher college- and career-ready standards through the Tennessee Diploma Project and the Common Core State Standards Initiative.Huffman was also instrumental in creating the state's Achievement School District (ASD), which aims to move the bottom 5% of school in TN to the top 25% by 2018. In its first year, the ASD saw a drop in reading proficiency but also saw improvements in both math and science achievement. Under his tenure, Tennessee saw the largest academic gains in a single testing cycle since the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) started nationwide assessments a decade ago, along with impressive gains for African American students. Additionally, from 2009-2013, the number of ACT test-taking graduates increased by 33.8%, while the number of graduates in Tennessee decreased by 2.2%. His time as Commissioner was not without controversy - in September 2012, he ordered that $3.4 million in state funding be withheld from Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools after its school board refused to authorize a proposed Great Hearts Academies charter school in West Nashville. In September 2013, a petition was sent to the governor, signed by 55 of the states' school directors, alleging that Huffman was not responsive to local school officials and had contributed to low teacher morale and other problems. As an advocate of charter schools, Huffman oversaw an increase from 29 public charter schools when he took office to 71 schools in the 2013-2014 school year.In December 2014, Tennessee was ranked 2nd of 17 states for its charter school policy environment that promotes both quality and accountability. Huffman also oversaw consistently improved student achievement on the state's annual Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program (TCAP). As of 2014, nearly 50 percent of Algebra II students were on grade level, an improvement from 31 percent in 2011. Additionally, achievement gaps for minority students narrowed in math and reading at both the 3-8 and high school levels. He also led efforts to create a differentiated compensation system for educators in Tennessee. This system gives local districts more control and flexibility over their pay systems, allowing them to address and reward teachers for their various roles and contributions. Huffman also created a structure to provide more than 30,000 Tennessee educators with insight and training on teaching the Common Core State Standards.Family While teaching, Huffman met fellow Teach for America Corps member Michelle Rhee. The couple married two years after they met and had two daughters before they divorced in 2007. References 1970 births Living people American school administrators Bexley High School alumni Education in Tennessee New York University School of Law alumni State cabinet secretaries of Tennessee Swarthmore College alumni Teach For America alumni

Håkan Loob

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<mask> (born 3 July 1960) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player for Färjestad BK of the Elitserien and the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is the head of European Scouting for the Calgary Flames after resigning as president of Hockey Operations for Färjestad. Considered one of the greatest Swedish hockey players of all time, he was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 1998 and the Swedish ice hockey Hall of Fame in 2012. The Elitserien created the <mask> Trophy, awarded to the league's top goal scorer, in his honour in 2005 and Färjestad has retired his jersey number 5. <mask> joined Färjestad in 1979 and was a member of the team that won the Swedish championship in 1981. He won the Guldpucken as Swedish player of the year in 1982–83 after setting single-season records of 42 goals and 76 points. He moved to North America following that season to join the Flames, who had selected him with a ninth-round pick at the 1980 NHL Entry Draft.<mask> was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 1983–84 and in 1987–88 was named a First Team All-Star after becoming the first Swedish player to score 50 goals in one NHL season. He won the Stanley Cup with Calgary the following year, after which he chose to return to Sweden. Rejoining Färjestad in 1989, <mask> won consecutive Guldhjälmen awards in 1991 and 1992 as the Elitserien's most valuable player as selected by his fellow players. He retired in 1996 to become the club's general manager. He managed Färjestad to four Elitserien titles in 11 seasons before being elevated to team president. Internationally, <mask> represented the Swedish national team on several occasions. He was one of the first three members of the Triple Gold Club, signifying that he has won the Stanley Cup, the World Championship (in 1987 and 1991) and an Olympic gold medal (1994).Early life <mask> was born on 3 July 1960 in Gotland, where he grew up in the small town of Slite. <mask> is of Estonian descent. <mask>'s grandparents, together with their children, including <mask>'s father, Paul, fled to Gotland in a small boat across the Baltic sea from the island Kihnu during the German occupation of Estonia in 1944. <mask> started playing ice hockey at the age of five, when an artificially frozen rink was constructed near his home. <mask> was an active athlete in his youth, involved in tennis, handball, football, and sailing, and was one of Sweden's best table tennis talents, winning the Tommy Sport Cup in 1971 at age eleven. At age 15 <mask> made his senior debut for IK Graip, and quit all other sports to focus on hockey. Playing career Färjestad BK Loob began with third division clubs IK Graip Slite and Roma IF Romakloster in 1975–76 and 1976–77 respectively before spending two seasons with second division club Karlskrona IK.He moved up to the Elitserien when he joined Färjestad BK, with whom he scored 15 goals and 19 points in 36 games in 1979–80. He scored 23 goals the following season as Färjestad won its first Le Mat Trophy as Elitserien champion. In 1982–83, <mask> set Elitserien records by scoring 42 goals and 76 points. He continues to hold those records today. Calgary Flames The Calgary Flames selected <mask> with a ninth-round pick, 181st overall, at the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. They were not able to convince him to join the club until the 1983–84 NHL season when, after his record setting season in the Elitserien, Flames' General Manager Cliff Fletcher referred to him as the "[Wayne] Gretzky of Sweden". <mask> scored 30 goals and 55 points in his first NHL season, and was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team.<mask> improved to 37 goals in 1984–85, which was enough to tie him for the team lead with fellow Swede Kent Nilsson. He led the team outright in 1985–86 with 31 goals, and won the Molson Cup as the Flames player with the most three-star selections. <mask> struggled the following year due to a shoulder injury that required surgery to fix at the end of the 1986–87 season. He scored only 18 goals while his 44 points was well below the 67 he had scored the previous season. Returning to the lineup healthy for 1987–88, <mask> became the first Swedish player in NHL history to score 50 goals in one season. As of the end of 2019–20 NHL season, he is still the only Swede to accomplish the feat. He also set a Flames franchise record by scoring five hat tricks during the season.He finished sixth in league goal scoring, while his 106 points was ninth in that category. <mask> was named to the First All-Star Team on right wing, and was the winner of the Viking Award as the top Swedish player in the NHL as voted by his fellow Swedes. <mask> scored 27 goals in 1988–89, but added 58 assists for the Flames. He added 8 goals and 17 points in the playoffs to help the Flames win their first Stanley Cup in franchise history. In the Cup clinching game against the Montreal Canadiens, <mask> started a quick passing play with Joe Nieuwendyk on a three-on-one rush that set up Lanny McDonald's final NHL goal and gave the Flames a lead they would not relinquish. During the 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs, <mask> made it known that he was considering a return to Sweden. He later revealed that he and his wife had made the decision almost a year before and that he declined a large contract offer the team offered to entice him to stay.<mask> wanted his children to grow up in Sweden, however, and after the Flames won the Stanley Cup, he announced he was returning to Färjestad for the 1989–90 season. Return to Färjestad In his first season back in Sweden, <mask> scored 22 goals in 40 games for Färjestad and led the league with 53 points. He improved to 33 goals in 1990–91 while his 66 points again led the Elitserien. He won the Guldhjälmen ("Golden Helmet") as the most valuable player of the league as voted by the players. He won a second consecutive Guldhjälmen in 1991–92 and led the league in scoring for a third consecutive season. At 37 goals, <mask> also led the league in goal scoring. He played another four seasons with Färjestad, retiring in 1996.<mask> ended his playing career as the Elitserien's all-time leading goal scorer with 305 goals combined between the regular season and playoffs. The league created the Håkan Loob Trophy in his honour and awards it to the leading goal scorer. Färjestad retired his jersey number 5 and named him the team's general manager for the 1996–97 season. He served in the role for 11 seasons, during which the team reached the final of the Elitersien playoffs eight times and won four championships. Two of the titles came in his first two seasons as general manager, 1996–97 and 1997–98. He added a third in 2001–02, and the fourth in 2005–06. <mask> was promoted to team president in 2008.In January 2017, it was announced that he would quit as Färjestads BK's directeur sportif at the end of the 2016–2017 season. International Internationally, <mask> first skated for the Swedish junior team at the European Junior Hockey Championship in 1978. He then won bronze medals with the Swedish team at both the 1979 and 1980 World Junior Championships. He finished third in tournament scoring in 1980 with nine points (seven goals, two assists) and was named an all-star. He debuted with the senior team in 1982, scoring three goals in eight games for the Swedish team that finished fourth in the World Championship, but won a silver medal in the European Championship, which counted results amongst only participating European nations. <mask> appeared in his first best-on-best world tournament at the 1984 Canada Cup, where his ten points in eight games was second in team scoring, one behind Kent Nilsson. He scored two goals and two assists in the two game final series, which Sweden lost to Canada.A shoulder injury prevented <mask> from playing in the 1987 Canada Cup, but he did appear at the 1987 World Championship. He scored nine points in eight games to help Sweden win its first World Championship in 25 years. He made two additional world championship appearances, winning a silver medal at the 1990 tournament and a second gold in 1991. In the concurrently held European championships, <mask> and the Swedes won gold in 1990 and silver in 1991. The 1992 Albertville Games marked <mask>'s first Winter Olympic appearance. He averaged one point per game in eight games, including four goals, for the fifth place Swedes. He returned two years later for the 1994 Winter Olympic tournament at Lillehammer, Norway.<mask> scored nine points in eight games, and Sweden met Canada for the gold medal. The game went into overtime tied at 2–2, and after that failed to decide the contest, the gold medal was decided for the first time in Olympic history by a shootout. The shootout went seven rounds, until Peter Forsberg scored the winning goal for Sweden. By virtue of winning the Olympic gold, <mask> joined teammates Mats Naslund and Tomas Jonsson to become the first three members of the Triple Gold Club as winners of a Stanley Cup championship, a World championship and an Olympic championship. <mask> was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 1998. Playing style Standing five-foot, nine inches tall, and weighing 170 pounds, <mask> arrived in Calgary facing skepticism about his ability to cope with the rougher style and smaller ice surface of the NHL compared to what he was used to in the Elitserien. Opinion around the NHL in the early 1980s was that Swedish players were "soft"; teammate Colin Patterson credited Loob with changing that perception.He was a vocal leader, unafraid to speak to his teammates when he felt it necessary. He was a strong skater with "dazzling technique", and former Calgary linemate Joe Nieuwendyk said Loob was a key reason for his own early success in the NHL: "He just had such a great amount of skill. He could do things none of the rest of us could. The luckiest thing that happened to me was getting put on Hakan <mask>’s line my first full year in Calgary. He helped me so much, starting my career the right way. A big reason why I scored 50." Nieuwendyk added that Loob could "put pucks into areas, make plays, nobody else would dream of".Personal life <mask>'s older brother Peter was also a hockey player. The brothers played together briefly with Färjestad and Peter appeared in eight NHL games with the Quebec Nordiques. <mask> and his wife Marie have three children, Henrik, Niclas, and Isabelle. Their children are why the family chose to return to Sweden in 1989. <mask> always intended to return home following his playing days, but felt that Henrik's assimilation into North American culture was problematic. He wanted his family to grow up in Sweden. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and honours References External links 1960 births Living people Calgary Flames draft picks Calgary Flames players Calgary Flames scouts Färjestad BK players Ice hockey players at the 1992 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 1994 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players with retired numbers IIHF Hall of Fame inductees Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Sweden Olympic ice hockey players of Sweden Olympic medalists in ice hockey People from Gotland Stanley Cup champions Swedish ice hockey managers Swedish ice hockey right wingers Swedish people of Estonian descent Triple Gold Club

Lord Pretender

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<mask>tender (8 September 1917 – 22 January 2002) was the stage name of Aldric Farrell, M.O.M., H.B.M. a calypsonian vocalist born on the island of Tobago widely acknowledged to be a "master" of extempo, a lyrically improvised form of calypso music. Starting with an impromptu performance at the age of 12, his career spanned nearly seven decades until cancer of the larynx forced him to retire in the mid-1990s. In 1957, Lord Pretender won the prestigious "Calypso King" competition. Honored by the Trinidad and Tobago government for his services to calypso in 1972, Lord Pretender went on to receive the island's Hummingbird Medal in 1994. Career Farrell's mother went to the United States to look for work and left him, at a young age, with his maternal grandmother in Trinidad. He made his first public performance at the age of twelve in 1929, where he delivered a self-composed calypso about the ghost of a young girl.Early appearances quickly gained Farrell popularity and earned him the moniker "the Boy Wonder", though he soon reverted to "Pretender", a previous nickname from his school days. His grandmother did not approve of this career choice due to the "scandalous reputation" of the calypso musicians and more than once, she entered a calypso tent and dragged Pretender out mid-performance. Farrell later recalled: "I'd get two clouts in the face. My grandmother would say: 'You disgracing the family.'" Pretender regularly performed calypso in the tents throughout Trinidad and Tobago, and his career progressed steadily during the mid-1930s as he performed side by side with stars of the calypso scene, such as Attila the Hun, Roaring Lion, and <mask>ginner. Wealth did not automatically follow success in the business; when Pretender accompanied fellow calypsonian Executor on a tour lasting over a month, he received just 60 cents and two bags of oranges as payment. <mask>tender won his first music competition with his calypso "Ode to the Negro Race", which became a popular wartime number.The song's chorus states: "God made us all and in him we trust; So nobody in the world is better than us." In 1937 he made his first recording, for RCA Victor's Bluebird Records sub-label, and in 1939 <mask>er placed third in the original "Calypso King" competition, an event he later won in 1957. The honour of being crowned calypso monarch was regarded by the islanders as the ultimate achievement for any calypsonian. Pretender's 1961 song "Never Ever Worry" is considered to be "one of the classic calypsos of all time". Fellow calypsonian David Rudder once remarked that: "Pretender talked about how there's always someone who has more worries than you. Pretender grew up in an era when calypsonians were not accepted as they are today, and it's this philosophy that got him through those hard times and made him last so long." In 1996 "Never Ever Worry" featured in the soundtrack for the U.S. road movie, Cadillac Ranch: In 1972 Pretender received his first national award, the Trinidad & Tobago Public Service Medal of Merit Silver (for Calypso), from Governor-General Sir Solomon Hochoy.The next year he competed against Roaring Lion, Viper, the Great Unknown and Owl, in a calypso contest, after which Lord Pretender was honoured as king of extempo. Lord Pretender enjoyed a lengthy career in the music business and until the mid-1990s gave regular performances. In 1994 he received the prestigious Hummingbird medal, but despite frequent appearances on stage he did not make much money during his 72-year music career. In the mid-1990s, cancer of the larynx put an end to his singing career, and in later life the government provided him with rent-free accommodation at Port of Spain. A single man with no children, Lord Pretender was a big fan of horse racing, and could frequently be observed at Trinidad's Santa Rosa Park racecourse with his horse-owning friend <mask>. Pretender died at the age of 84, having been hospitalised for several months due to the throat cancer he had suffered for years. The general secretary of the Trinbago Unified Calypsonians' Organisation (TUCO) stated that: "Pretender was one of the legends of calypso," and that, "Trinidad has lost a cultural icon....His exploits and achievements will for a long time form part of our cultural legacy as well as our national history."Style Lord Pretender perennially appeared on stage smartly dressed in a sharp suit with skinny tie, his act characterised by the casting of suspicious glances and an idiosyncratic utilisation of his fedora as a prop. Pretender stressed social commentary in calypso, and throughout his career stayed with oratorical ballads. According to Rapso artist Brother Resistance, Pretender had "zero tolerance for calypsonians who ignored lyrical content in their song," and was known for stressing a "witty, moralising element" in his compositions. Upon <mask>er's death, David Rudder commented that Pretender was "a stickler for what he considered to be authentic kaiso." Rudder, who in the past had been criticised by Pretender, also remarked: "The last time I saw him...he asked me when I was going to sing calypso." In "Yo No Quiero Trabajo", <mask>tender tells of the commonly held perception by men of the time that dating a rich white woman led to an increase in respect: Extempo Pretender was widely considered "master" of extempo, a lyrically , which at the time was held to be the supreme form of calypso. Extempo involves the improvisation of lyrics based upon topics suggested by the audience; the performer spontaneously devises songs filled with intricate lyrics and rhymes.Pretender has been described as extempo's "greatest exponent, and virtually sole guardian." "He never entered the annual extempo competition, instituted in the hope of reviving the discipline in Trinidad, because by general consent, he would have spoiled the party for everyone else. No one could match his ability to conjure up humorous, and perfectly scanned, verses from nowhere." Talking of his technique, Pretender once explained that, "the trick is always to have your first and last verse." Rudder described Pretender as "a sly, old fox when it came to singing extempo," and fellow calypsonian Mighty Sparrow agreed, stating that: "When you think you have him, he rest a hot piece of extempo on you. He could think fast." Selected discography "Mother Love" (1937) "The Virtue of a Woman" (1939) "God Made Us All" (1943) "What the West Indies Really Needs" (1946) "Federation" (1952) "The Gomes Report" (1953) "Why BG Will Not See Royalty" (1955) "Never Ever Worry" (1961) Compilations Cause The Coup Never Ever Worry True True Kaisonian What Cause The Coup Moral Decay Move Yuh Foot God Made Us All Illegitimate Children Everybody Love We Carnival Human Race Stop Meddling With The Moon They Didn't Make Them Like That Anymore Leave We Mas In The Savannah Never Ever Worry References Further reading See also Calypsonian Kaiso Calypso War Calypsonians 20th-century Trinidad and Tobago male singers 1917 births 2002 deaths Recipients of the Hummingbird Medal

Winfried Schäfer

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<mask> "Winnie<mask> (born 10 January 1950) is a German football manager and former player who last managed of Qatari club Al-Khor. Playing career <mask> played 403 Bundesliga matches and scored 46 goals in the (West) German top-flight. He won the 1970 Bundesliga title and 1970 DFB-Pokal with two different clubs – because the West German Cup final was played after the 1970 FIFA World Cup and his move from Mönchengladbach to Offenbach. Coaching career Karlsruher SC As a manager, he led Karlsruher SC to the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup in the 1993–94 season. VfB Stuttgart Tennis Borussia Berlin Cameroon national team In November 2001, <mask> was appointed head coach of Cameroon. He won the 2002 African Cup of Nations with Cameroon, defeating Senegal 3–2 in a penalty shoot-out after a 0–0 draw in the final. Al-Ahli In 2006, he won the UAE national championship with Al-Ahli (Dubai).He worked then from 2007 to 2009 for UAE League side Al-Ain. FK Baku On 10 June 2010, Schäfer signed a two-year contract with Azerbaijani club Baku. On 18 January 2011 his contract was ended. Thailand national team / Muangthong United In late June 2011, Schäfer was hired as Thailand manager on a three-year contract. On 4 June 2013, <mask> and Football Association of Thailand mutually agreed to cancel the contract. The following day, he became manager of thai club Muangthong United, replacing Serbian Slaviša Jokanović. Jamaica national team On 17 July 2013, it was announced that Schäfer will become the new coach of Jamaica, replacing previous manager Theodore Whitmore who resigned from his position following a 2–0 loss to Honduras.Jamaica's first match with <mask> as manager was a World Cup qualification match against Panama on 7 September 2013 which ended with a 0–0 draw. In the 2014 Caribbean Cup, Jamaica's first match ended with a 1–1 draw over Martinique. However, the team recorded two-straight wins against Antigua and Barbuda and Haiti to make it to the final. <mask> led Jamaica to their sixth Caribbean Cup title after beating Trinidad and Tobago 4–3 on penalties in the final. In June 2015 at the Copa América, Jamaica put in an incredible performance, being drawn in the same group as regional powers Argentina and Uruguay, who both defeated Jamaica by a single goal. Shortly after, on 22 July 2015 <mask>'s team reached the Final of the Gold Cup after beating tournament favourites the United States. Esteghlal On 2 October 2017, <mask> was chosen to become the new manager of Iranian club Esteghlal, following Alireza Mansourian's resignation as team's head coach.The next day, he signed his official contract with Esteghlal until the end of the season. 2017–18 season Upon being appointed, Schäfer re-called Esteghlal's captain Mehdi Rahmati who was banned from joining the team by the previous coach, Alireza Mansourian, as well as asking the management to re-sign Behnam Barzay whose contract wasn't renewed and became a free agent in summer. Schäfer also chose to continue working with Mick McDermott (whom he worked with as fitness coach in Al Ain) as Esteghlal's assistant manager, however they had a conflict later on and McDermott left the club on 30 October. Jiří Saňák and Miguel Coley were announced to replace him as Schäfer's assistant coach. His first official match as Esteghlal's coach was the 0–0 against Foolad in Azadi Stadium on 13 October. His first victory came against Nassaji Mazandaran in Hazfi Cup, which Esteghlal won the match 2–1. He won his first league match on 31 October beating Naft Talaieh 2–0.During the winter transfer window, he offloaded players which were not part of his plans for the rest of the season. Hassan Beyt Saeed joined Foolad while Yaghoub Karimi went to Esteghlal Khuzestan. Sajjad Shahbazzadeh joined Qatar SC on a free transfer. In association with Esteghlal vice president Seyed Pendar Toufighi, two new signings were made by Schäfer; free agent's Bojan Najdenov and Mame Thiam arrived at the club. On 28 December Schäfer's Esteghlal beat Esteghlal Khuzestan 3–0 and became the first team to reach a total of 900 points in all-time Persian Gulf Pro League table. In the 2018 AFC Champions League, Schäfer's team were drawn against Al-Rayyan, Al Ain and Al-Hilal in the competition's group of death. However, they did not lose a game, topping the group with some impressive performances.On 1 March 2018, Schäfer won his first Tehran derby as a manager in a 1–0 victory; this was also his third win against Branko Ivanković, having previously beaten him twice in 2. Bundesliga with Tennis Borussia Berlin when Branko was the manager of Hannover 96 during the 1999–2000 season. On 3 May 2018, Schäfer extended his contract until June 2020. On the same day, <mask> won his first trophy with Esteghlal, the Hazfi Cup, when his side defeated Khooneh be Khooneh 1–0, with Mame Thiam scoring the only goal. Esteghlal extended their record of 7 Hazfi Cups. 2018–19 season During <mask>'s second season as manager, he saw some of his top players leaving the club, Majid Hosseini moved to Trabzonspor, while Omid Ebrahimi joined Al Ahli, Server Djeparov signed for Zhetysu and Omid Noorafkan moved to Charleroi. Esteghlal signed players such as Morteza Aghakhan, Rouhollah Bagheri, Farshad Mohammadi Mehr, Meysam Teymouri, Ali Karimi and Morteza Tabrizi to replace the departed players and improve the squad depth.He also asked to sign Nigerian striker Alhaji Gero, his compatriot Markus Neumayr as well as Iraq international Humam Tariq. Schäfer's Esteghlal were eliminated in the quarterfinals of the AFC Champions League after a 5–3 aggregate loss to Al Sadd on 17 September 2018. They were also eliminated from the Hazfi Cup on 1 November, reaching the Round of 16 stage, after a penalty shootout defeat to Saipa after a 2–2 draw. On 29 April 2019, Schäfer was suspended until the end of the season two days after Esteghlal's loss to Padideh in the league and replaced by his assistant Farhad Majidi. Baniyas On 6 July 2019, Schäfer was confirmed as the new manager of Emirati side Baniyas, he coached the team until his contract expired with barely any notable records other than getting to the UAE President's Cup semi finals. Al-Khor In late January 2021, Schäfer became the head coach of Qatar Stars League club Al-Khor to help them in a difficult situation. Results and performance improved relatively, the team remained in the league after win 3–1 in the play-off match against Al-Shahania.On 11 November 2021, he left Qatar after his contract was terminated. Managerial statistics Honours Player Borussia Mönchengladbach Bundesliga: 1969–70 UEFA Cup: 1978–79 Kickers Offenbach DFB-Pokal: 1969–70 Manager Karlsruher SC 2. Bundesliga runner-up: 1986–87 DFB-Pokal runner-up: 1995–96 UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1996 Cameroon national team African Cup of Nations: 2002 FIFA Confederations Cup runner-up: 2003 Al-Ahli UAE Football League: 2005–06 Al-Ain UAE President's Cup: 2008–09 Etisalat Emirates Cup: 2008–09 UAE Super Cup: 2009 Thailand national team AFF Championship runner-up: 2012 Jamaica national team Caribbean Cup: 2014 CONCACAF Gold Cup runner-up: 2015 Esteghlal Hazfi Cup: 2017–18 Personal life Schäfer is married, has two children, and has lived with his family for more than 25 years in Ettlingen near Karlsruhe. In 2004 Schäfer was elected with the most votes to the municipal council of Ettlingen. He ran for the newly founded association "For Ettlingen". Because of his frequent work-related stays abroad, he held the mandate but barely. He is known for his passion for football.His son Sascha Oliver works with him as an assistant. References External links 1950 births Living people People from Mayen German footballers Germany B international footballers Germany under-21 international footballers Borussia Mönchengladbach players Karlsruher SC players Kickers Offenbach players Bundesliga players German football managers 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup managers 2002 FIFA World Cup managers 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup managers Cameroon national football team managers Tennis Borussia Berlin managers Karlsruher SC managers VfB Stuttgart managers Bundesliga managers Al Ain FC managers Esteghlal F.C. managers Baniyas SC managers UAE Pro League managers Expatriate football managers in the United Arab Emirates Thailand national football team managers Jamaica national football team managers Expatriate football managers in Jamaica 2015 Copa América managers Copa América Centenario managers 2004 African Cup of Nations managers 2002 African Cup of Nations managers Association football midfielders UEFA Cup winning players 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup managers Footballers from Rhineland-Palatinate Expatriate football managers in Iran

Elisabeth van der Noot d'Assche

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<mask>, Countess <mask>ot, Countess of Assche (July 22, 1899 in Brussels – March 27, 1974) was a Belgian aristocratic lady. During the Second World War, she became friendly with the highest circles of the German occupation authorities, whilst in a few occasions helping the resistance. Descent and family <mask> was the first child of the 9th Marquess of Assche, <mask> (1860–1928) and Adrienne Barbanson (1875–1944). On December 19, 1923, <mask> married the Roman aristocrat Constantino Ruspoli de Poggio-Suasa, who was making a diplomatic career. They had met each other while his father, Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa, was an ambassador in Brussels (1919–1924). The spouses established themselves in the city, where they had three children: Marcantonio (°28.11.1926–2003), Edoardo (°February 17, 1928) and <mask> (°06.03.1935). On January 8, 1930 they attended the wedding of the Italian crown prince Umberto and the Belgian princess Marie José.At the outbreak of the war, Constantino joined the Italian army and became captain of the 11th Folgore Parachute Company. He was killed on October 25, 1942 at the Second Battle of El Alamein, while defending Hill 77, the most advanced Italian position, during operation Lightfoot. Double role during the war? The widow of the posthumously decorated commander had remained in Brussels. She became intimate with the occupying authorities in Belgium, amongst whom the military governor <mask> Falkenhausen and his close collaborators, chief of the Command Staff Bodo von Harbou and civilian administrator Eggert <mask>. Freiherr von Falkenhausen had taken up quarters in the Palais d'Assche, where <mask> had grown up. "Elisa" became the unofficial 'public relations' of Falkenhausen.Falkenhausen had made his career in the Reichswehr and was somewhat mistrustful of and distrusted by the nazi's. During week-ends he hosted at Seneffe Castle, left behind by the Jewish bankers' family Philippson and now declared "ownerless, non-Arian Capital". With <mask> by his side, he would invite the highest Belgian nobility: prince Albert de Ligne, duke de Croÿ, and also princess Marie José, sister of king Leopold. High-ranking officers, such as Gerd von Rundstedt and Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, would also join in frequently. Hunting parties were held there, or in the castle Ter Rijst, where <mask> leased the hunting and fishing rights. In this period Elisa is mentioned in Falkenhausen's diary almost on a daily basis. At the same time <mask> played a small part within resistance activities.She is said to have provided food for allied pilots, who were hidden by the Comet line, group organizing routes to Spain. According to her son, she would receive each day dozens of requests for "humanitarian interventions". Arrest In the beginning of December 1943, <mask> was arrested in the hôtel Bristol (Paris) by the SD and taken to Berlin. The city was being bombarded and at one point she and her Gestapo guard Hertha Schulz had to run for hours through the streets, searching shelter. After interrogation and accused of currency smuggling, she was deported to the concentration camp of Ravensbrück. Harbou had been arrested on the same grounds and died a few weeks later in a Berlin cell, under unclear circumstances. Several months earlier, in July, Ulrich von Hassell had warned that the NSDAP considered Falkenhausen's relations with the Belgians all too intimate and that he was being watched by the Gestapo.When what he had feared came true, a disapproving Von Hassell wrote in his diary that her phone had been tapped and that the accusations against her were not political but moral (black money market and immorality). With the aim of discreting Falkenhausen, it was even being rumoured that <mask> and <mask> were lovers and had married in the Antwerp Cathedral. Falkenhausen asked Wilhelm Keitel for her release, but in vain: he was told that she had been arrested on the personal orders of Benito Mussolini. In Ravensbrück, <mask> became friendly with, amongst others, countess Lagi von Ballestrem, a resistance fighter who had been with the Solf Circle. They had been assigned with sorting confiscated jewellery. Helmuth James von Moltke, whom she had got to know in Brussels, gave her a copy of Rudyard Kipling's If. <mask>s arrest was a prelude to the fall of Falkenhausen himself, who was dismissed on July 18, 1944 and replaced by a Reichskommissar: Josef Grohé.A few days later he was arrested for his suspected role in the 20 July plot against Hitler. He was deported to Dachau. At this point the relationship between Falkenhausen and Ruspoli, and similar relations of Germand highranking officers with Belgian citizens, provoked a comment by Hitler. Return After a few months in Ravensbrück, <mask> was retained in a forced residence in Thüringen. Freed in May 1945, she made her way back to Brussels. The American ambassador's wife Lydia Kirk recounted how, after the war, she discreetly mingled again with the higher circles. Her beauty and adventurous life exerted fascination.Kirk called her "a miniature Marlène Dietrich" and "a pocket Venus". Neither did she fail to mention the rumour that Elisbeth had received high-ranking German officers while taking a bath, or <mask>'s boast that she had converted her German camp guard to catholicism. Meanwhile, Falkenhausen was imprisoned, first in Neurenberg and later in Belgium. He corresponded extensively with his "<mask>". At the Falkenhausen trial, Karl Otto von Kameke gave testimony on his relationship with <mask>. Falkenhausen was sentenced to twelve years of hard labour, but released a few days afterwards. The widow Ruspoli died, thirty years after the Liberation, in her home town.She had not been recognized as a member of the Resistance, but was accepted as a political prisoner. References External links Photo's of Princess Ruspoli at CEGESOMA 1899 births 1974 deaths Belgian countesses Belgian people of World War II Women in World War II

Pundalik

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<mask> () or Pundarik is a central figure in the legends of the Hindu God Vithoba, generally considered a Vaishnava deity identified with the deities Vishnu and Krishna. He is credited to have brought Vithoba to Pandharpur, where Vithoba's central shrine stands today. <mask> is also perceived to be the historical founder of the Varkari sect, which is centered on the worship of Lord Vithoba. <mask> was one of the earliest Kundalini Yoga practitioners. As He was the master of Kundalini Yoga, people used to call him "Kundalik". Later, after several years, Kundalik become Pundalik. He symbolised Kundalini energy in the form of Lord Vitthal also known as Lord Pandurang after his name Pundalik.Pandharpur's Vitthal was an incarnation of Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna. According to legends it also depicts the symbol of the Kundalini Energy, although spiritually, the same energy dwells in all. The brick on which Lord Vitthal is standing is the basic chakra of Kundalini energy known as Muladhara Chakra. Both hands, like bows, represents Ida and Pingla nadis which cross over at the central body of Sushumna or Brahma nadi. Body represents purusha means Vishnu or Krishna and the tilaka or the mark on the head represents Ajna Chakra or guru chakra or third-eye chakra is the subtle center of energy, believed to be located between the eyebrows, located behind it along the subtle (non-physical) spinal column, as said by Lord Krishna in Bhagavad Gita. Many Kings and other noblemen were devotees of Pundalik and they built the famous Vitthal temple at Pandharpur. The age old practice of the Kundalini Yoga converted the shrine into a holy place and truth seekers from all over the world were directed here by the divine to activate and raise their Kundalini energy by the very natural process of Bhakti, the highest form of Love anyone can express.Historicity <mask> is commonly perceived to be a historical figure, connected with the establishment and propagation of the Vithoba-centric Varkari sect. Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar considers <mask> to be the founder of the Varkari cult and the one who promulgated the cult in Maratha country. Frazer, Edwards and P.R. Bhandarkar (1922) all suggest that Pundalik tried to unify Shiva and Vishnu, and that this culture originated in Karnataka. Ranade (1933) thinks that <mask>, a Kannada saint, was not only the founder of the Varkari culture but also the first great devotee or first high priest of the Pandharpur temple. Upadhyaya supports the priest theory but declines the Kannada origin theory. Tulpule also accepted the theory that <mask> was the historical founder of the Varkari sect, though declines to fix a date for him due to "lack of authentic evidence".According to M. S. Mate, <mask> was instrumental in coaxing the Hoysala king Vishnuvardhana to build the Pandharpur temple to Vishnu, placing him in the early 12th century. Deleury (1960) believes <mask> was a mystic, influenced by the Vaishnava Haridasa sect of Karnataka, who brought a drastic change in the worship of Vithoba. <mask> not only founded the Varkari sect, but also was the first to identify Vithoba with the god Vishnu. <mask>'s fame also led to naming of Pandharpur to Paundrika-kshetra - the sacred place of Pundalik. Other scholars like Raeside (1965), Dhanpalvar (1972), and Vaudeville (1974) have questioned the historicity of Pundalik altogether, and dismissed him as a mythical figure. In his analysis of the text Panduranga mahatmya by Sridhar (discussed in "Legend" section ahead), Raeside says that the legend of devotee Pundalik could have been nothing more a derivative of Puranic legend. Dhanpalvar strongly agreed with this possibility.Vaudeville found the legend of the Pundalik of Pandharpur was very similar to the legend of Pundarik, the devotee of Vishnu, in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The religious historian R.C. Dhere, winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award for his book Sri Vitthal: Ek Mahasamanvaya, opines that identification of Vithoba with Vishnu led to conversion of the Shaiva (related to god Shiva) Pundarika shrine to the Vaishnava shrine of the devotee Pundalik. The main argument of the hypothesis is that the memorial shrine of Pundalik is a Shaiva shrine, rather than a Vaishnava one, compromising of a Shiva-linga, the symbol of god Shiva. Legends Texts, that narrate the legend of Pundalik and Vithoba, can be categorised into the Varkari tradition, the Brahmin tradition and what Raeside calls a "third tradition", that includes both Varkari and Brahmin elements. The Varkari texts are written in Marathi, the Brahmin texts in Sanskrit, and the "third tradition" are Marathi texts written by Brahmins. The Varkari texts are: Bhaktalilamrita and Bhaktavijaya by Mahipati, Pundalika-Mahatmya by Bahinabai, and a long abhanga by Namdev.All these texts describe the legend of Pundalik. The Brahmin texts include: two versions of Panduranga-Mahatmya from the Skanda Purana (consisting of 900 verses); Panduranga-Mahatmya from the Padma Purana (consisting of 1,200 verses); Bhima-Mahatmya, also from the Padma Purana; and a third devotional work, yet again called Panduranga-Mahatmya, which is found in the Vishnu Purana. The "third tradition" is found in two works: Panduranga-Mahatmya by the Brahmin Sridhara (consisting of 750 verses), and another work of the same name written by Prahlada Maharaj (consisting of 181 verses). There are three versions of the Pundalik legend, two of which are attested as textual variants of the Skanda Purana (1.34–67). According to the first, the ascetic Pundarika (Pundalik) is described as a devotee of god Vishnu and dedicated to the service of his parents. The god Gopala-Krishna, a form of Vishnu, comes from Govardhana as a cowherd, accompanied by his grazing cows, to meet Pundarika. Krishna is described as in digambar form, wearing makara-kundala, the srivatsa mark, a head-dress of peacock feathers, resting his hands on his hips and keeping his cow-stick between his thighs.Pundarika asks Krishna to remain in this form on the banks of the river Chandrabhaga. He believes that Krishna's presence will make the site a tirtha (a holy place near a water body) and a kshetra (a holy place near a temple). The location is identified with modern-day Pandharpur, which is situated on the banks of the Chandrabhaga. The description of Krishna resembles the characteristics of the Pandharpur image of Vithoba. The second version of the legend depicts Vithoba appearing before Pundalik as the five-year-old Bala Krishna (infant Krishna). This version is found in manuscripts of both Puranas, Prahlada Maharaj, and the poet-saints, notably Tukaram. The remaining version of the Pundalik legend appears in Sridhara and as a variant in the Padma Purana.<mask>, a Brahmin madly in love with his wife, neglected his aged parents as a result. Later, on meeting sage Kukkuta, <mask> underwent a transformation and devoted his life to the service of his aged parents. Meanwhile, one day, Krishna comes to the forest Dandivana, near <mask>'s house, in search of his angry wife Rukmini, who has left him. After some coaxing, Rukmini was pacified. Then Krishna visited Pundalik and found Pundalik serving his parents. Pundalik threw a brick outside for Krishna to stand on. Krishna stood on the brick and waited for Pundalik.After completing his services, <mask> asked that his Lord, in the Vithoba form - waiting arms-akimbo on the brick, remain on the brick with Rukmini, in Rakhumai form, and bless his devotees forever. See also Panduranga Mahatyam, 1957 Telugu film based on his life story. Notes References Warkari Characters in Hindu mythology

Dejan Ajdačić

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<mask> (; born January 22, 1959), is a Serbian Slavist, philologist, folklorist, ethnolinguist, literary critic, translator and editor. Biography Education He grew up in Belgrade, in the family of physicochemists Nadežda and <mask>. He attended the Primary School "Drinka Pavlović", the Fifth Belgrade Grammar School and Music High School "Stanković" (the violin department). He studied at the Faculty of Philology in Belgrade at the department of Yugoslav literature and world literature. He graduated in 1984 with the paper "On Colours in Serbian National Poetry". He defended his magisterial thesis under the title "Images of Love and Beauty in the Poetry of the Petrarchists of Dubrovnik" in 1986, and his doctoral dissertation entitled "The World of Demons in the Literature of Serbian Romanticism" in 2000, at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology. Work in Belgrade From 1986 to 1987 he worked at the Vuk Karadžić Endowment, as the first employee since its foundation, and from 1988 to 2002 he was employed at the Department of Folk Literature of the University Library Svetozar Marković in Belgrade – at the Legacy of Vojislav M. Jovanović.In the home of the legator, writer and folklorist, he maintained the library of the endower and his legacy, organized debates and promotions about national culture, such as the conference entitled "The Magical and Aesthetic in the Folklore of the Balkan Slavs" (1993). In collaboration with Ilija Nikolić he edited the book of Vojislav M. Jovanovic entitled "Zbornik radova o narodnoj književnosti" (Collection of Papers on Folk Literature), and with Milanka Todić and colleagues he uncovered his work as an amateur photographer. From 2002 till the autumn of 2003, in the function of the acting general manager of the library, he set up and opened the Austrian library, launched a number of exhibitions in the cycle entitled "Us and Others" (on Serbian relations with the Hungarians, Bulgarians, Arabs, Germans), as well as the cycle "The Great Names of Belgrade University", "Internet and Society", he initiated talks about the reconstruction of the library's interior and participated in the implementation of the TEMPUS project. Work in Kyiv From 2003 he has lived and worked in Kyiv, at the department of Slavic Philology of the Institute of Philology at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, holding a position of a Serbian lecturer. In the title of an Associate Professor (until 2013) and Full Professor (since 2013) he has taught courses in Serbian language and literature and a number of Slavistics subjects. He has founded and edited "Ukrainian–Serbian collection of papers: Ukras (Ornament)" (since 2006), he took part in compiling the bibliography of Ukrainian translations and studying the Serbian folklore and literature (2005) and he edited the anthology "Modern Serbian Drama" (2006). By bringing together Serbian authors and institutions on the one hand, and Ukrainian publishers on the other, he contributed to the realization of a great number of translations, studies and exhibitions.At the Institute of Philology in Kyiv he organized the conferences "Serbian writer Dragoslav Mihailović" (24 April 2008), "Slavic fantastic literature" (11–12 May 2012; 24 October 2014), as well as the discussions of the authors from the annual collection of papers "Ukras". Work in Łódź From 2017 he has been working in Faculty of Philology, teaching Slavic Philology in University of Łódź. Work Conferences and Projects He took part in numerous conferences and congresses in Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Austria and Italy, and in five Slavistic congresses (in 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013). He was a researcher participating in the projects of the Ministry of Science of the Republic of Serbia "Comparative studies of Serbian literature (in European context)" (from 2006 to 2010, No. 148018) at the Institute for Literature and Art, and in the project "Folk culture of Serbs between East and West" (from 2011 to 2016, No. 177022) at the Institute for Balkan Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was involved in the international project "Value system of Serbs and their neighbours" EUROJOS (2009–2015), which was headed by Jerzy Bartmiński.Publications The first folkloristic paper of <mask> <mask> came out in 1983, and his publishing research has intensified since 1990. <mask> <mask> has published papers in Serbian, Bulgarian, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, English and Italian. He has written nine books in Serbian, one dictionary and five books in Ukrainian, 249 contributions. Some papers have been re-published in several editions and in different languages. The subjects of authorized papers of <mask> <mask> fit within the general themes of the collections of papers and annual collections that he has edited, about a third of the papers represents presentations at scientific conferences. Oral literature of Serbs has been the subject of the early works of <mask> <mask>. His career in the library containing rare books of folk literature made him broaden his field of scientific interest to include the folklore of the Balkanic Slavs.The texts devoted to folkloristic science were followed by articles on the work of Vojislav M. Jovanović, his library and his legacy in manuscript form. In 1990s he produced a number of literary studies, studies at the interface of literature and folk culture from a broader Slavic perspective, and in the latter part of that period the ethnolinguistic studies, as well as lexical and phraseological themes. Translations <mask> has done translations (mostly of philological papers) from Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Italian, Bulgarian, as well as several literary texts from the Ukrainian language. Editorship As a student, <mask> <mask> was a member of the editorial staff of the magazine "Znak" (Sign, 1983), and, later on, of the magazine Književna reč (1995). He is the founder and editor-in-chief of the folkloristic-ethnolinguistic magazine "Kodovi slovenskih kultura" (Codes of Slavic Cultures), with contributions in Russian and Serbian (since 1996, ten collections with the following topics: plants, food and drink, wedding, parts of the body, agriculture, colours, children, birds, death, fire). He is the founder and editor of "Ukrainian–Serbian collection Ukras (Ornament)" (since 2006, 8 collections) in Ukrainian. From 1999 he has been the head manager of the electronic library of Serbian culture and culture network Project Rastko which was founded by the playwright Zoran Stefanović.He has edited approximately twenty thematic Slavistic collections of papers (on eroticism, dystopia, miracles, Old Testament legends, fantastic literature, body, Tesla, Venice, Kyiv, cultural values in language, etc. ), which came out in Belgrade, Kraków and Kyiv, then, he compiled an anthology of modern Serbian drama in Ukrainian "Novitnia serbs’ka dramaturgiia" (2006) and a collection of papers of Vojislav M. Jovanovic (1997, 2001), Novak Kilibarda (three books 1998, 2001), Mikola Rjabcuk (2003), Darko Suvin (2009), Per Jakobsen (2010) and Jerzy Bartmiński (2011). The magazines and collection that were edited by <mask> <mask> contain the papers of 430 authors, from Ukraina, Serbia, Poland, Russia, Bolgaria, Croatia, Italia, Macedonia etc. He is a member of editorial boards, editorial staff or a reviewer of a number of magazines in Bulgaria, Poland and Serbia, a member of the Committee for Ethnolinguistics and the Committee for Folkoristics of the International Committee of Slavists. Bibliography Izabrana dela, Beograd, 1988, 50 s. (co-author Ivan Srdanović) Novak Kilibarda — naučnik, književnik, Bar, 2000, 437 pp. Prilozi proučavanju folklora balkanskih Slovena, Beograd, 2004, 311 pp. Korotkyj ukrajins'ko-serbs'kyj slovnyk spolučuvanostі slіv.Navčal'nyj slovnyk, Kyiv, 2005, 126 pp. (co-author Iulіa Bіlonog) Serbs'ki fol'klor i literatura v ukrajins'kyh perekladah i doslidžennjah 1837–2004: Materialy do bibliografiji, Kyiv, 2005. Slavistička istraživanja, Beograd, 2007, 298 pp. Futuroslavija. Studije o slovenskoj naučnoj fantastici, Beograd, Emitor No. 463, 2008, 102 pp. Futuroslavija.Studije o slovenskoj naučnoj fantastici, Beograd, 2009, 200 pp. Futuroslavіja. Lіteraturoznavčі ogljady pro futurofantastyku, Kyiv, 2010, 172 pp. Slavіstyčnі doslіdžennja: fol'klorystyčnі, lіteraturoznavčі, movoznavčі, Kyiv, 2010, 307 pp. Demony і bogy u slov'jans'kyh lіteraturah, Kyiv, 2011, 184 pp. Erotoslavija. Preobraženja Erosa u slovenskim književnostima, Beograd, 2013, 415 pp.Erotoslavija: Peretvorennja Erosa u slov'jans'kyh literaturah, Kyiv, 2015, 513 pp. Porivnjal'na serbs'ko-ukrajins'ka frazeologija: Navchal'nyj posibnyk, Kyiv, 2015, 272 pp. (co-author Lidia Nepop-Ajdačić) Porivnjal'na serbs'ko-ukrajins'ka frazeologija: Navchal'nyj posibnyk, Kyiv, 2015, 259 pp. (co-author Lidia Nepop-<mask>) Poredbena srpsko-ukrajinska frazeologija, Beograd, 2015, 242 pp. (co-author Lidia Nepop-<mask>) Perunoslavija: O paganskim bogovima u nepaganska vremena, Beograd, 2016, 184 pp. Radovi <mask> <mask>a. Anotirana bibliografija, Beograd, 2016, 261 pp.(co-author Vera Petrović) SlovoSlavia: Studia z etnolingwistyki slowianskiej, Łódź, 2018, 262 pp. References External links Works at SlavicGate Bibliography in Project Rastko Деян Айдачич 1959 births Living people Slavists Serbian folklorists Serbian translators Serbian magazine editors 20th-century philologists 21st-century philologists Serbian lexicographers Serbian book editors Terminologists Russian studies scholars Ukrainianists Ethnolinguists Anthropological linguists Serbian philologists Sociolinguists Academic journal editors Literary editors

Robbie Farah

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<mask> () (born 23 January 1984) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. An Australian international, Lebanese international and captain of New South Wales Blues team, he has played the majority of his professional career with the Wests Tigers, with whom he won the 2005 NRL Premiership. Between 2006 and 2012, <mask> played for City in six City vs Country representative games, captaining the team from 2009 onwards. He played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs during the 2017 and 2018 National Rugby League seasons. Background Born in Sydney, New South Wales, <mask> is of Lebanese descent and was educated at St Mel's Primary, Campsie, De La Salle College Ashfield, and the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Economics in 2010. <mask> is a supporter of Liverpool F.C. in English football's Premier League, his favourite player being Steven Gerrard.He played his junior rugby league with the Enfield Federals and the Leichhardt Wanderers. Playing career 2002 As an 18-year-old in 2002, he toured with the Lebanese team, playing France in Tripoli and scoring a try. 2003 In round 13, <mask> made his NRL debut for the Wests Tigers against the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles at Leichhardt Oval, playing off the interchange bench in the Tigers 30–38 loss. <mask> played in 4 matches in his debut year. 2004 <mask>'s season was marred by a knee re-construction and his first-grade playing time was restricted to 3 matches for 2004. 2005 With Wests Tigers hookers <mask> and Darren Senter both retiring at the end of the 2004 season, <mask> was the club's main hooker for 2005. Early in the year he would often start on the bench and interchange with Ben Galea, but by the end of the year he was described as having replaced, "captain Darren Senter at hooker with relative ease."In round 7, against the Parramatta Eels, <mask> scored his first and second NRL career tries in the Tigers 16–26 loss at Parramatta Stadium. In round 20, against the South Sydney Rabbitohs, he scored a hat trick in the Tigers 42–20 win at Leichhardt Oval. <mask> was the starting hooker in the Wests Tigers 30-16 2005 NRL grand final winning team over the North Queensland Cowboys. He finished the season with 27 matches and 8 tries. 2006 As NRL Premiers, Wests faced Super League champions the Bradford Bulls in the 2006 World Club Challenge. <mask> played at hooker in the Tigers 10–30 loss. <mask> was selected for the NSW City Origin squad, playing in City's 10–12 loss to NSW Country Origin in Dubbo.<mask> was named the Wests Tigers player of the year in the 2006 NRL season, playing in 20 matches and scoring 5 tries. In September, <mask> was selected in the Prime Minister's XIII squad. Soon after, he re-signed with the Tigers on a contract to the end of the 2010 season. 2007 In May, <mask> played for the NSW City team again, scoring a try. He was named hooker of the year at the 2007 Dally M Awards, and was one point behind the Player of the Year, Johnathan Thurston. Some pundits claimed <mask> should have won. <mask> was again named the Wests Tigers player of the year, playing in all the Tigers 24 matches, and scoring 7 tries, kicking 12 goals and 4 field goals.2008 In August, <mask> was named in the preliminary 46-man Kangaroos squad for the 2008 World Cup. He was not selected in the final 24-man squad. <mask> finished the 2008 NRL season with 17 matches and 6 tries. 2009 On 13 January, it was announced that <mask> had chosen to re-sign with the Wests Tigers until the end of the 2013 season, spurning a lucrative offer from the Gold Coast Titans. At the same time, the club appointed <mask> as team captain. In May, <mask> captained NSW City to a 40–18 win over NSW Country. <mask> was subsequently named at hooker in the 17-man squad to represent New South Wales in the opening State of Origin match on 3 June 2009, in Melbourne.He played in the first two games of the series, but his performances were described as, "underwhelming." <mask> finished the 2009 NRL season with him playing in 21 matches, scoring 8 tries and kicking 4 field goals. Later that year he was named in the Prime Minister's XIII to play Papua New Guinea. and Australia's Four-Nations squad. <mask> played in two matches for Australia in the 2009 Four Nations. He made his international debut from the bench in the match against England, relieving starting hooker Cameron Smith just before halftime. A week later, he played in the starting line-up in the team that beat France 42–4.2010 On 13 February, <mask> played off the interchange bench for the NRL All Stars team against the Indigenous All Stars team in the inaugural match at Cbus Super Stadium. He again captained the NSW City team. At the 2010 Dally M Awards <mask> came second behind Todd Carney by a point, and was also named Hooker of the Year. He played in all of the Tigers 27 matches for the year, scoring 6 tries and kicking 4 field goals. <mask> was named in the Australian squad for the 2010 Four Nations. With first-choice hooker Cameron Smith playing in all matches, <mask> made just one appearance, coming off the bench in the "dead rubber" match against New Zealand. 2011 <mask> played in all 27 matches for the year, scoring 7 tries and kicking 3 field goals.<mask> was again named as second-string hooker in the 2011 Four Nations, but withdrew from the tournament for family reasons before he could make an appearance. 2012 <mask> returned to State of Origin football in 2012. In the weeks leading up to the team selection, <mask> was contacted by New South Wales coach Ricky Stuart, to explain that his first choice for hooker would be Danny Buderus, who had recently returned to the NRL. Furthermore, assistant coach Steve Roach declared <mask> was not, "an Origin type player." After an injury to Buderus, and a man-of-the-match performance in the City vs Country Origin match, <mask> was named at hooker for the first match of the series. Despite playing for the losing team, <mask> was described as, "one of the Blues' most creative and effective players." New South Wales won the second match of the series, and <mask> was named as the player's player.During the match, <mask> handled the ball 101 times and made a record 63 tackles, and missed no tackles. The previous record for most tackles in a State of Origin match was held by Dallas Johnson, who had made 60 in a game in 2007. <mask>'s mum Sonia died of cancer soon after the match. <mask> was awarded the Brad Fittler Medal for the New South Wales outstanding player of the series, as voted for by his team-mates. Making 16 appearances during the season, <mask> surpassed Darren Senter's previous record of 86 games as captain of the Wests Tigers. <mask> was nominated for the Dally M hooker of the year award. With the departure of Chris Heighington at the end of the season, <mask> became the most experienced and longest-serving player at the Wests Tigers.<mask> was in the press in September, when he called for harsher penalties for Twitter abusers after receiving a tweet about his recently deceased mother that he described as, "vile." He said, "the laws are piss weak and people should be accountable for their comments." Soon after he issued an apology, when it was revealed that he had earlier tweeted that Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard should be given, "a noose," for a 50th birthday present. 2013 In February, <mask> made his return to the NRL All Stars team, playing off the bench. On 22 March, <mask> signed a new 4-year contract to remain with the Wests Tigers until the end of the 2017 season. He said, "As captain of the club, I see myself as having the responsibility, when things aren't as good as we’d like them to be ... I see it as my challenge to help turn the club around, not to just give up and walk away.You might get cranky at some things, but you've got to ride the good times and the bad times. That’s what it's all about." <mask> was chosen again to play for City, a record sixth appearance for a hooker, and the fourth consecutive time as captain. <mask> was selected to play hooker for NSW in the 2013 Series in all 3 games. On 12 July, following an injury to Paul Gallen, <mask> was named captain for NSW for the first time for the series-deciding third game. Unfortunately for New South Wales, Queensland won the game 12–10. In round 20, against Manly, <mask> played in his 200th NRL career match, scoring a try in the Tigers 18–36 loss at Campbelltown Stadium.<mask> finished the season with one try from 18 matches. In September, <mask> was selected as captain of the Prime Minister's XIII squad. In October, <mask> was selected in the Australian 2013 World Cup squad, and played in 3 matches. 2014 In February, <mask> captained the Tigers inaugural Auckland Nines squad. In round 6, he suffered a dislocated elbow, putting him in doubt for State of Origin game 1. He was ruled out for 6 weeks, but made a faster recovery and returned in round 10 against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. <mask> was selected at hooker for the NSW Blues in game 1 of the 2014 State of Origin Series at Suncorp Stadium, with the Blues winning the 100th State of Origin match 12–8.He played in game 2 of the series in the 6–4 win, resulting in the Blues breaking their 8-year losing streak to Queensland, and game 3. In July, a feud erupted between <mask> and Gorden Tallis over claims by the former great that <mask> had told him Michael Potter "can't coach". Tallis said "<mask> told me to my face when I was on Triple M last year on a Saturday show, he told me that Mick Potter can't coach," Tallis said. "I don't go

Robbie Farah

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on Chinese whispers; I go on what he told me." Later, Tigers coach Mick Potter said that <mask> didn't want to leave the club. "We are fine and we have always been fine, there has been no confrontation at all," Potter said. <mask> completed the season with 5 tries in 18 matches.In September, <mask> was selected in the Prime Minister's XIII squad. He was then selected for the Australian Four Nations squad. <mask> played in one match of the series, in Australia's 12–30 loss to New Zealand. 2015 With Paul Gallen unavailable due to injury, <mask> was again chosen to captain in NSW in the opening game of 2015 State of Origin series. Despite suffering a shoulder injury, <mask> was described as, "still one of the most influential players on the field," in the 10–11 loss. The Sydney Morning Herald said "his workload with and without the ball was huge, completing a game-high 55 tackles and cleaning up a Cooper Cronk grubber kick when the Maroons appeared poised to score. No wonder the Queenslanders wanted him off the park."Between the first and second State of Origin matches, <mask> made no appearances for the Wests Tigers dues to his shoulder injury. It was said he, "Seemed to have a target painted on that bung shoulder," as Queensland forced him to make a game-high 48 tackles in the second game of the series as NSW won the game 26–18 at the MCG. In August, <mask> was given permission from the Tigers to investigate opportunities to continue his playing career at another club from 2016 onward. <mask> finished the 2015 NRL season with him playing in 17 matches and scoring 2 tries. During the 2015 off-season, <mask>'s contract saga was highly publicized. There were reports of <mask> being demoted to New South Wales Cup if he stayed, his relationship with coach Jason Taylor turning sour, and about his $800,000 a season contract chewing up the Tigers salary cap. <mask> dropped himself as the Tigers captain and was replaced by Aaron Woods, having set a club record 148 matches as captain.2016 With <mask> missing some games early in the season, it was noted that Wests Tigers had won one game from seven with him playing, and four of six games he was absent from. There was further drama when Jason Taylor chose to play him from the bench and rested him after State of Origin matches. He was chosen for all 3 games for NSW, and it was said, "Running <mask> ran the Queenslanders ragged early on and added 44-tackles to another quality Origin performance," in game 2. He topped the tackle count again in the third match, the only match won by NSW. A week later, <mask> was dropped to reserve grade by Jason Taylor and remained in NSW cup until the end of the season. He then signed with the South Sydney Rabbitohs ending a thirteen-year career with the Wests Tigers. <mask> finished his drama-filled season with 2 tries in 9 appearances.2017 In Round 1, <mask> made his highly anticipated club debut for the Rabbitohs against his former club of 13 seasons the Wests Tigers. He started at hooker in the 18–34 loss at ANZ Stadium. In round 2, against Manly-Warringah, <mask> scored his first try for the Rabbitohs at Brookvale Oval. In Round 3, against the Newcastle Knights, <mask> played his 250th milestone match in the 24–18 win at Hunter Stadium. <mask> played all 24 of Souths matches for the season, alternating between starting at hooker and playing from the bench. <mask> returned to representing Lebanon for the 2017 World Cup and played in the country's first ever World Cup match victory over France on 29 October 2017. 2018 Having shared the role of hooker with Damien Cook in 2017, <mask> was demoted to reserve grade with the North Sydney Bears at the start of 2018, with Cook taking on the role full-time.<mask> later said he considered retirement during this time. "I just didn’t want to be there. It was hard, mate. Really hard. I don’t want to disrespect Norths because they are a great club … but it was embarrassing for me. You get there, you get heckled by the crowd. There's always a smart-arse."<mask> made his first appearance for Souths in their Round 13 victory over Cronulla, filling in while Cook played State of Origin. Despite his absence from first grade, <mask> was praised for his performance which included "a whopping" 62 tackles. On 21 June, <mask> returned to the West Tigers on a mid-season transfer, and was chosen as the first grade hooker the same week. Souths General manager Shane Richardson said they would not have released <mask> to any other club, but, "The reason we let <mask> go was because it was the right thing to do." He had made 2 appearances for Souths before his departure. On 21 July, he played his 250th game for the Wests Tigers in their victory over ladder-leaders, the Rabbitohs. During the match, <mask> was knocked out in the 71st minute when he attempted to tackle Souths player George Burgess.<mask> started at hooker for every game at Wests Tigers after he rejoined the club, making 9 appearances. <mask>'s contract renewal for 2019 was announced at the same time as long-time teammate Benji Marshall. He said, "Once he texted me late last night to tell me he was staying on again, it relieved the nerves, to be honest. To know he was there for another year - the two old boys at the club - it made me feel a lot better." 2019 Declared the "King of Leichhardt" in round 1, <mask> scored two tries and topped the tackle count for the Tigers. He said, "The boys calling us grand-dads and stuff... I try and take that a bit personal, you know.I go out there and try and challenge the younger boys and try and show them that the old fella's still got it." On 24 July, <mask> spoke to the media ahead of his 300th first grade appearance and how he had received messages of support. <mask> then used the opportunity to speak about former Wests Tigers head coach Jason Taylor saying "I wouldn’t want to hear from JT anyway, at the time I was told by him and Rod Reddy, I’d finish my career in reserve grade. But I’m here now - 'JT' is coaching reserve grade'’. <mask> went on to say "I was running around with the Bears in NSW Cup and I was ready to walk away from the game. It was pretty hard to try and find the motivation to go and play and I thought I was done. In round 21 against Canterbury-Bankstown, <mask> was taken from the field during the club's 18-16 loss at ANZ Stadium with a leg injury.Scans revealed that <mask> had suffered a leg fracture. On 19 August 2019, <mask> spoke to the media saying that he was considering going against doctors advice to play. <mask> went on to say "If we've got to win to make the semis, I'll cut it off if I have to, at the end of the day it's my decision but they definitely recommended that (I don't play again). It's just a matter of gathering the information from them as best I could and whatever risk I put upon myself is my decision". In round 25 of the 2019 NRL season, <mask> was ruled out of the Wests Tigers game against Cronulla-Sutherland but was then dramatically recalled to the team as Wests player Corey Thompson was injured in the warm up. Wests went into the game with Cronulla knowing that the winner would reach the finals. <mask> led Wests out onto the field of a packed Leichhardt Oval in what would be his final game as a player as Cronulla won the match 25–8.Highlights First Grade Debut: 2003 – Round 13, Wests Tigers v Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Leichhardt Oval, Sydney - 8 June 2003 Premierships: 2005 – Wests Tigers defeated North Queensland Cowboys 30 - 16 in the Grand Final, Stadium Australia, Sydney - 2 October 2005 Wests Tigers Club Captain: 2009-2015 Lebanon Test Debut: 2002 – Mediterranean Cup, Lebanon v France, International Olympic Stadium, Tripoli, Lebanon - 3 November 2002 NSW City Origin Debut: 2006 – NSW City Origin v NSW Country Origin, Apex Oval, Dubbo, New South Wales - 12 May 2006. NSW City Origin Selection: 2006–2007, 2009-2012 NSW City Origin Captain: 2009-2012 Prime Minister's XIII Debut: 2006 – Prime Minister's XIII v Papua New Guinea, Lloyd Robson Oval, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea - 30 September 2006 Prime Minister's XIII Selection: 2006, 2008-2009 New South Wales Debut: 2009 – State of Origin Game 1, New South Wales v Queensland, Docklands Stadium, Melbourne - 3 June 2009 New South Wales Selection: 2009, 2012-2014 New South Wales Captain: 2013 – State of Origin Game 3, New South Wales v Queensland, ANZ Stadium, Sydney - 17 July 2013. Australia Test Debut: 2009 – Rugby League Four Nations Round 2, Australia v England, DW Stadium, Wigan, England - 31 October 2009 Australia Test Squad Selection: 2009-2011 NRL All Stars Debut: 2010 – NRL All Stars v Indigenous All Stars at Skilled Park, Robina, Queensland - 13 February 2010. Honours 2010 RLIF Team of the Year 2010 Dally M Player of the Year runner-up 2010 Dally M Hooker of the Year 2007 Dally M Player of the Year runner-up 2007 Dally M Hooker of the Year References External links Wests Tigers profile South Sydney Rabbitohs profile Rabbitohs profile 2017 RLWC profile 1984 births Living people Australia national rugby league team players Australian people of Lebanese descent Sportspeople of Lebanese descent Lebanon national rugby league team captains Lebanon national rugby league team players New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players North Sydney Bears NSW Cup players NRL All Stars players Prime Minister's XIII captains Prime Minister's XIII players Rugby league hookers Rugby league players from Sydney South Sydney Rabbitohs players Wests Tigers NSW Cup players Wests Tigers

Robert Jackson (educator)

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<mask> "Bob" <mask> (born 11 June 1945) is a British educator and educational researcher working in the fields of religious and intercultural education in the UK and internationally, and in educational policy at the European level. He has authored several influential books on an inclusive form of religious education in which young people learn together about religious and world view diversity, and has contributed to policy development on the religious dimension of intercultural education for the Council of Europe. He has written and presented educational broadcasts for BBC Education, and has edited both professional and academic journals. His work has been influential in a variety of countries beyond Europe. Away from academic work, he is a jazz musician and poet. Education and teaching He was born in Ilkeston, Derbyshire in 1945. He attended Hallcroft school, then studied Theology at St David's College, Lampeter (1963–1966), and for a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) at the University of Cambridge (1966–67), where he was a member of Fitzwilliam College, and a member of the Footlights Dramatic Club.He completed an MA degree in Philosophy in 1975, and PhD in Arts Education in 1994 at the University of Warwick. He taught at Nottingham High School 1967–1971, and at Coventry College of Education 1972–78, joining the Department of Arts Education (later Institute of Education, and then the Centre for Education Studies) at the University of Warwick in April 1978, becoming Professor of Religions and Education in 1995. He held Visiting Fellowships in Religions and Education at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, in Autumn 1974 and Spring 1978, the first leading to the publication of Perspectives on World Religions, and the second to a series of BBC Education broadcasts on rites of passage experienced by members of religious communities in Britain. He was awarded a DLitt degree by the University of Wales, Lampeter in 2006 for a selection of his published work. Empirical research Influenced by meeting families of South Asian background in Coventry from 1972, <mask> began ethnographic research on Hindu families in Britain. He was joined in this work by Eleanor Nesbitt, and a report of their research was published in 1993. Following the formation of the Institute of Education at the University of Warwick in 1994, <mask> established and became Director of the Warwick Religions and Education Research Unit (WRERU) until his retirement from full-time work in 2012.He remains an active member of WRERU. <mask> led WRERU's contribution to the REDCo (Religion, Education, Dialogue, Conflict) Project, a European research project on religious education involving researchers, teachers and students from eight countries, funded by the European Commission. WRERU has continued with a range of externally funded studies with funding from sources including the UK Research Councils and charitable bodies. <mask> was invited to become a member of the Steering Committee of ‘Religion and Society’ (2007–2012), an extensive UK research programme, taking a particular interest in projects concerned with education and youth, leading to the publication of a special issue of the Journal of Beliefs and Values in 2012, and a book co-edited with Elisabeth Arweck. <mask>'s ideas have been developed in various research contexts by others, including quantitative and qualitative studies, as well as action research studies undertaken by practitioners. <mask>'s ideas have also been discussed with a view to adapting them to other national contexts, such as the USA. Religious education theory and didactics <mask> has continued to argue that an open and inclusive study of religions and other worldviews in state funded schools is intrinsic to a broadly based liberal education, while also contributing instrumentally to the personal development of students and to social aims, such as fostering appreciation for the human rights principle freedom of religion and belief.Drawing on ideas and methods from his ethnographic studies, <mask> developed the interpretive approach to religious education, which examines the dynamic relationship between individuals, the various kinds of groups they relate to, and wider religious traditions. It was influenced by work in recent social anthropology, hermeneutics, religious studies, intercultural studies and social psychology, and deals with issues of representing and interpreting religions fairly and accurately. It also includes a reflexive dimension in which the learner or researcher reflects on the implications of new learning for their own personal development. Professor John M. Hull described Religious Education: An Interpretive Approach as «a major contribution to the academic and professional study of religious education.» In his work on religious education and plurality, <mask> argues that the educational potential of the study of religion in state-funded schools has been underestimated; state schools should not be thought of as places of secular education, but as providing a pluralist context for educational development, and an environment encouraging dialogue. In reviewing Rethinking Religious Education and Plurality, John M. Hull wrote: «<mask>’s masterly work not only helps us to rethink religious education; it shows its wider educational significance and points to its exciting future». <mask>'s latest book – Religious Education for Plural Societies – is a compilation of selected writings from across his career organised into sections on empirical research; the interpretive approach to religious education; religious education and plurality; and human rights and international policy development. A substantial general introduction is provided, plus introductions for each section.Broadcasting <mask>'s work on families of religious minorities attracted the attention of BBC Education producers Ralph Rolls and Geoffrey Marshall-Taylor, and they invited him to make radio and radiovision programmes for school students of various ages, using actuality material and interviews. Editorships <mask> edited Resource, which became the journal of the National Association for Teachers of Religious Education, from 1978 to 1996. In 1996, he succeeded John Hull as Editor of the British Journal of Religious Education, which he continued to do until 2011. <mask> extended Hull's policy of enhancing the academic status of the journal, including increasing its international profile, setting up editorial and international advisory boards, taking the journal to a commercial publisher, and gaining its inclusion in the Thomson Reuter citation index. <mask> serves on the editorial boards of a range of European and international journals. He is co-editor of ‘Religious Diversity and Education in Europe’ an extensive book series published in Germany by Waxmann, and is a contributing editor to the University of Vienna's book series on Religious Education at Schools in Europe, and to Springer's International Handbooks on Religion and Education. Policy development <mask> has been involved with the Council of Europe’s work on policy for religion and education since it first included this topic in 2002.He participated in a project on the Religious dimension of intercultural education which produced publications in 2004 and 2007. He co-organised the first Council of Europe «Exchange» between leaders of faith communities and humanist associations in Europe in Strasbourg in April 2008, and was part of the team which drafted the Recommendation by the Committee of Ministers on teaching about religions and non-religious convictions, published in 2008. In 2006 he conducted a study for the Council of Europe exploring the feasibility of a European educational centre, including studies of religious diversity. The recommendation to initiate an interdisciplinary centre, including intercultural, human rights and citizenship education, with cross-cutting subjects such as religion and history, was taken up by the Norwegian Government and the Council of Europe, and the European Wergeland Centre opened in Oslo in 2009. <mask> held a Visiting Professorship at Oslo University College (2009–2012) in order to take on the role of Special Adviser on religious diversity and education at the European Wergeland Centre. He continues in the role of Expert Adviser at the Council of Europe and the European Wergeland Centre. From 2011 to 2014 he was vice-chair of a joint Council of Europe and European Wergeland Centre committee given the task of disseminating the 2008 Council of Europe Ministerial recommendation.<mask> wrote the book Signposts which developed from this work, on behalf of the joint committee. Signposts was published in English in 2014 and has been translated into twelve European languages as well as Arabic. He is currently a Visiting Professor in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Education at Stockholm University, Sweden. <mask> also contributed to the Toledo Guiding Principles on Teaching about Religions and Beliefs in Public Schools, published by the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. International outreach Beyond his work in Europe, <mask> has contributed to discussions on the place of the study of religions in education in countries including the US, Canada, Japan, South Africa, and Australia. Honours In 1990 <mask> gained an award from the Economic and Social Research Council, which supported the Religious Education and Community Project, studying children from a range of religious backgrounds in two English cities. In 2010, <mask> was elected Academician (later Fellow) of the Academy of Social Sciences.He was awarded Life Membership of the Association of University Lecturers in Religious Education in July 2013. In November 2013, he became the 12th recipient of the William Rainey Harper Award from the Religious Education Association of the US and Canada, joining the ranks of Paulo Freire, Margaret Mead and Marshall McLuhan. The award is presented to ‘outstanding leaders whose work in other fields has had profound impact upon religious education’. A group of <mask>'s former doctoral students produced a special issue of the American journal Religion & Education (vol 40, no. 1) and a Routledge book in his honour, both published in 2013. In March 2017, <mask> was awarded an honorary doctorate (Doc h.c.) By the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) for his contribution to religious and intercultural education in Norway and internationally, including his work for the Council of Europe. In October 2017, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Norwegian School of Theology (MF) in Oslo for his contributions to education in Norway and internationally.Jazz and poetry <mask> has been a jazz musician throughout his career, regarding the music as a complement to his academic pursuits, comparing the eclectic nature and creative development of the interpretive approach to jazz music. His band, Spicy Jazz, has worked since the 1980s, mainly in the English Midlands. <mask> proposed trumpet player, bandleader, broadcaster and writer, Humphrey Lyttelton for an honorary doctorate at the University of Warwick, which was awarded in 1987. Lyttelton appeared as a guest with Spicy Jazz and wrote the sleeve note for their recording, Coming of Age. Following Humphrey Lyttelton's death in 2008, <mask> accepted an invitation to become patron of the Humph Trust. <mask> has also played Jazz in Sweden and in Norway, including playing with Bjørn Alterhaug, Vigleik Storaas and other leading Norwegian jazz musicians. A further creative interest is poetry, and a selection of <mask>'s poems, together with poems by Dermot Killingley, is published in Narrowboat Music.The book includes a song lyric dedicated to UK jazz trombonist Roy Williams, and performed by a trio from Spicy Jazz. References External links <mask> on WRERU's website Retrieved 30 January 2018 1945 births Living people Academics of the University of Warwick Educational researchers Schoolteachers from Derbyshire Alumni of the University of Wales, Lampeter

Shakib Al Hasan

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<mask> (; born 24th March 1987) is a Bangladeshi international cricketer and businessman. His aggressive left-handed batting style in the middle order and controlled slow left-arm orthodox bowling has made him arguably Bangladesh's greatest cricketer. Early years and youth cricket Born in Magura, Khulna, <mask> started playing cricket at an early age. According to Prothom Alo sports editor Utpal Shuvro, Shakib "was fairly proficient at cricket and was often hired to play for different villages and teams". In one of those matches, <mask> impressed an umpire who arranged for him to practice with the Islampur Para Club, a team in the Magura Cricket League. During the practice session, <mask> batted aggressively and bowled fast, as he usually did, but also chose to experiment with spin bowling which proved to be not so effective. He was picked to play for Islampur and took a wicket with his first ball; it was his first delivery with a proper cricket ball, having previously played with a taped tennis ball.He spent six months training at Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan, a government-run sports institute. <mask> played his debut Under-17 match against UAE Under-17s in 2003 in the ACC Under-17 Cup where he got a bowling figure of 3–18 in 8 overs (with 2 maiden overs). In May 2004, at the age of 17, <mask> made his first-class debut for Khulna where he got a bowling figure of 0/116 of 30 overs in the 1st innings and 3/92 of 28 overs in the 2nd innings. He also scored 13 of 11 with three 4s in the 1st innings and 16 of 43 in the 2nd innings. His 1st first-class wicket was Rakibul <mask>. <mask> first represented Bangladesh at the Under-19 level in November 2005 in the 2005 Afro-Asia Under-19 Cup against India Under-19. In his debut he scored 24 of 23 balls with four 4s and also achieving a bowling figure of 2/26 in 10 overs with 2 maidens by taking his first wicket of Tanmay Srivastava.In the tournament, <mask> played 5 matches scoring 138 runs at an average of 38.50 and getting 5 wickets at an average of 25.20. On 30 November 2005, 15-years-old <mask> guided Bangladesh to a four-wicket win over England in the opening match of the tri-nation Under-19 tournament (involving England and Sri Lanka) with his 82 of 62. During the final of a tri-nation tournament, <mask> scored an 86-ball century and took three wickets to lead his team to victory. In his 18 youth One Day Internationals, he has scored 563 runs at an average of 35.18 with three 50s and one 100 and a high score of 100 and took 22 wickets at an average of 20.18 with an economy of 3.68 and a best figure of 4/34. On 1 January 2005, <mask> made his first class debut in the match between Bangladesh Cricket Board President's XI and Zimbabweans where he scored 14 of 14 in the 1st innings and 15 of 66 in the 2nd innings. He also got bowling figure of 0/133 in 32 overs. In February 2005, <mask> got his 1st first-class international wicket by dismissing Vusimuzi Sibanda and five-wicket haul playing against Zimbabwe A.Domestic and T20 franchise cricket National Cricket League Since 2004, <mask> has played for Khulna in the National Cricket League. In 2004–05 season of the tournament, <mask> played just 3 matches since his debut in May 2004, at the age of 17. He scored 129 runs at an average of 25.80 with a high score of 54. He also got 16 wickets at an average of 27.87 with a best bowling figure of 6/79 in an innings and 9/114 in a match. In the 2006–07 season, he played just 2 matches scoring 51 runs at an average 17.00 with a high score of 23. He bowled only in 1 innings where he bowled 4 overs of 9 runs with 1 maiden over without any wicket. <mask> has played 14 matches scoring 933 runs at an average of 40.43 with three 100s and a high score of 129.He also got 31 wickets at an average of 33.16 with 1 5-wicket haul. English County Cricket County Championship Having signed a contract in November 2009, <mask> joined up with Worcestershire, playing the second division of the County Championship, in July 2010. He was the first Bangladeshi to represent a county side. <mask> was forced to delay by the BCB for the beginning of his spell as Worcestershire's overseas player. While playing for Worcestershire, he took his best first-class bowling figures of 7/32 against Middlesex. In eight first-class matches he scored 358 runs at 25.57 (with one score over 50) and took 35 wickets at 22.37, as Worcestershire secured promotion to the first division at the end of the season. After the 2011 IPL, <mask> returned to Worcestershire for seven weeks.He played a single County Championship match as his time with the team coincided with the 2011 Friends Life t20, but in that match, he took seven wickets and passed 3,000 runs in first-class cricket. <mask> played five List-A matches for Worcestershire, scoring 187 at an average of 37.40 (including two half-centuries) and taking 9 wickets at 17.77. Friends Life t20 Worcestershire finished fifth out of nine teams in their group for the T20 competition, failing to qualify for the quarter-finals. From 12 matches Shakib took 19 wickets, finishing as the club's leading wicket-taker, equal with seam bowler Gareth Andrew. He also scored 110 runs at an average of 9.16. <mask> signed for Leicestershire as their second overseas club, joining Australian Joe Burns for their Twenty 20 campaign. <mask> played in 10 matches scoring 146 runs at an average of 18.25 with a top score of 43* in the 7 wicket win over Nottinghamshire Outlaws at Trent Bridge.He also got 9 wickets at an average of 27.00 with an economy of 6.50 and a best bowling figure of 2/7 in the 10 wicket win over Yorkshire. Indian Premier League Although <mask> was part of the auction of players held the following month for the 2009 Indian Premier League, <mask> was not chosen by any of the eight teams and no bids were made for him despite being rated as the world's highest-ranked ODI all-rounder at the time. His teammate Mashrafe Mortaza, who was bought in the auction by the Kolkata Knight Riders, said "I would have been a lot happier if <mask> had got a team because he truly deserved it for his sensational form with the bat and ball". <mask> had no buyers in the 2010 IPL auction as well, which was very surprising considering his stature in international cricket at the time. For the 2011 Indian Premier League, <mask> was contracted by Kolkata Knight Riders for US$425,000. He made his debut in the tournament on 15 April 2011 in a match against Rajasthan Royals. He claimed two wickets in the match, first that of Amit Paunikar and then Shane Watson, but did not get the chance to bat as his team only lost a wicket, winning by 9 wickets.KKR were knocked out in the semi-finals of the competition; <mask> played in seven matches, taking 11 wickets at an average of 15.90, and finished as KKR's third-highest wicket-taker. In the 15th Match of the 2012 IPL against Rajasthan Royals, <mask> got a bowling figure of 3–17 which is still his best in his IPL career. KKR won their maiden title in the final against CSK where <mask> contributed with a crucial cameo. In the 2014 Indian Premier League, <mask> was retained by KKR for a league fee of INR 2.80 crore. In the competition, he scored 227 runs in 11 innings at a strike rate of 149.34; his best being a 60 off 38 balls. He also achieved 11 wickets in 13 matches at an economy of 6.68 and an average of 30.36. His all-round performance was instrumental in KKR's title win.For his performances in 2014, he was named as the 12th man in the Cricinfo IPL XI. In the 2015 IPL, <mask> played only four matches scoring 36 runs at an average of 12 with 23 being his highest score and picking up four wickets at an average of 30.75 and gave away 8.78 runs per over with his best bowling figures of 2/22 against Mumbai Indians. In the 38th match of the 2016 IPL, <mask> combined with Yusuf Pathan put on an unbroken 134 run partnership against the Gujarat Lions, the highest for the fifth wicket in all IPL's. <mask> scored 66*, his best score so far in his IPL career, went in vain as Gujarat Lions won the match by 5 wickets. In the 2017 Indian Premier League, <mask> played his only home match against Gujarat Lions where he scored 1* and returned with bowling figures of 0/31 in that match. He left the tournament midway to play a tri-series in Ireland for the build-up of the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. <mask> played just 3 matches batting in just 1 innings scoring 1 and achieved 2 wickets at an average of 47.50.<mask> was released by KKR and was picked up by Sunrisers Hyderabad in the 2018 IPL auction. On 24 May 2018, he became the second T20 player to take 300 wickets and score 4,000 runs in the format with the wicket of Rohit Sharma in the SRH's victory against the Mumbai Indians in the 2018 IPL. Between 2019 Indian Premier League, BCB wanted to call <mask> back for the 2019 ICC Cricket World Cup preparation camp but he skipped the camp for match practice even after playing only 1 match at that time. <mask> was hoped for some IPL matches before World Cup 2019 as Jonny Bairstow and David Warner would leave for their respective World Cup preparation camps. <mask> was released by the Sunrisers Hyderabad ahead of the 2020 IPL auction after playing for 2 seasons. <mask> was listed at the highest base price of INR 2 crore for the 2021 IPL auction and was subsequently bought by his former team KKR again for a price of . After the suspension of the 2021 Indian Premier League, <mask> and Mustafizur Rahman returned home on 6 May 2021 via a chartered flight arranged by the BCCI with their respective franchises sharing the cost of the flight.<mask> couldn't take part in the remainder of IPL because of not getting a no-objection certificate (NOC) from the BCB. On List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes 2022 IPL, <mask> went unsold. National Cricket League T20 In the 2010 National Cricket League Twenty20 tournament in Bangladesh, a now-defunct Twenty20 league involving the teams in the National Cricket League (NCL), <mask> played as an icon player and captain for the Kings of Khulna. <mask> played 7 matches where he scored 86 runs at an average of 12.28 and achieved 8 wickets at an average of 20.00 with an economy of 5.92. Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League In September 2009, <mask> joined Abahani along with Mashrafe for TK 20 lakh each. In November 2010, <mask> joined Mohammedan for Tk 30 lakh. In the 2014 season, <mask> played for Legends of Rupganj, formerly named Gazi Group Cricketers in the previous season.He played 8 matches scoring 222 runs at an average of 31.71 and also achieving 13 wickets at an average of 23.61. In the 2016 season, Abahani registered their sixth win in that season by five wickets against Prime Bank where <mask>, who returned to List A cricket for Abahani after a break of 6 years got a bowling figure of 4–35 in 10 overs. Due to upcoming 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, 2021 season was played in T20 format where he captained the Mohammedan Sporting Club. Bangladesh Premier League The Bangladesh Cricket Board founded the six-team Bangladesh Premier League in 2012, a twenty20 tournament to be held in February that year. The BCB made <mask> the 'icon player' for Khulna Royal Bengals (KRB). Under his captaincy, <mask>'s team progressed to the semi-finals of the competition where they were beaten by Dhaka Gladiators despite <mask>'s 86* off 41 balls. In ten matches he scored 280 runs and took 15 wickets, which made him KRB's leading wicket-taker, and was named Man of the Tournament.In the auction of the BPL 2, <mask> was brought by defending champions Dhaka Gladiators for $365,000, the most expensive player in the tournament. He led his team to the title, getting 329 runs and 15 wickets in 12 matches, emerging as the Man of the Tournament for the consecutive second time in the BPL. In the BPL 3, <mask> was picked by Rangpur Riders with the 'Players by Choice' system for icon players. In a match against Sylhet Super Stars, Shakib used abusive language towards opposition batsman Dilshan Munaweera as well as on-field umpire Tanvir Ahmed and as a result he got banned for one match after being found guilty. He got 18 wickets in 11 matches at an economy-rate of 6.39 in that season. <mask> was selected in the team of the tournament from BPL 1 to BPL 3. In the BPL 4, <mask> became the highest paid local player getting at least Tk 5.5 million as a player of A-plus category turning out for Dhaka Dynamites.<mask> became man of the match consecutively two times in the matches against Comilla Victorians (for scoring 41 of 26 balls and achieving a bowling figure of 1/30 in 4 overs and a catch) and Barisal Bulls ( for achieving a bowling figure of 4/31 in 4 overs and scoring 22 of 21 balls). Dhaka won the title as <mask> notched his first title win as captain who wanted to win the title this season. In October 2017, <mask> was named in the squad for the Dhaka Dynamites team, following the draft for the BPL 5. In the 43-run win over Rangpur Riders where Dhaka confirmed second-place in the points table at the end of the group stage, <mask> became man of the match for his all-round performance. <mask> added 55 runs for the sixth wicket with Mehedi Maruf who however departed after scoring 33 off 23 balls with 3 fours and a six but <mask> remained unbeaten on 47 off 33 balls. He also bagged two wickets for just 13 runs from his four overs. In the final of that season, <mask> dropped a catch as he failed to hold on to a chance from Chris Gayle on 22 who went on to break all sorts of records with his unbeaten 69-ball 146, hitting a world record 18 sixes to single-handedly power Rangpur Riders to the title.In October 2018, <mask> was named in the squad for the Dhaka Dynamites team, following the draft for the BPL 6. On 22 January 2019, <mask> became the first player in BPL's history to take 100 wickets as he achieved the milestone during the match against Comilla Victorians reaching the milestone in his 69th appearancean average of 16.85 and an economy rate of 6.64. During the tournament, taking the wicket of Comilla Victorians' Anamul Haque during the final of the tournament at Mirpur, <mask> <mask> became the highest wicket-taker in a single season of BPL as he took 23 wickets from 15 matches with an average of 17.65 in that season. <mask> sustained a left ring finger fracture during the match. In July 2019, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Rangpur Riders to play for them in BPL 7. In December 2021, <mask> was recruited by Fortune Barishal as a captain to play for them in BPL 8. In January 2022, <mask> took his 400th wicket in Twenty20 cricket.<mask> is the highest wicket taking bowler in BPL with 106 wickets at an average of 17.83 in the BPL. Sri Lankan Premier League <mask> was expected to play for Uthura Rudras in the inaugural 2012 Sri Lanka Premier League but couldn't play any match because of a knee injury. Caribbean Premier League In the 2013 Caribbean Premier League, <mask> played for Barbados Tridents. On 3 August 2013 against Trinidad & Tobago Red Steel, <mask> recorded the second best bowling figure in T20 cricket dismissing six batsmen to finish with figures of 6 for 6 from his four overs at Kensington Oval. <mask> was retained by the same team for The 2014 CPL. <mask> played for Jamaica Tallawahs in both the 2016 and 2017 season before returning to Barbados for the 2018 to 2019 season. In May 2021, <mask> was resigned by Jamaica Tallawahs for the 2021 Caribbean

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Premier League.He couldn't participate in the tournament because of He not getting no-objection certificate(NOC) for CPL because of the national duty. <mask> has played 30 matches scoring 354 runs at an average of 16.86 and strike rate of 102.91 and getting 29 wickets at an economy of 6.75 in the CPL. Big Bash League <mask> played for Adelaide Strikers in 2014 replacing the injured Johan Botha, thus becoming the first Bangladeshi to play in the Big Bash League. In his debut match at the 2013–14 Big Bash League season, <mask> scored 41 runs off 29 balls and took 2 wickets for 21 runs in his 4 overs for Adelaide Strikers, although being unable to prevent his team from losing. On 24 December 2014, it was announced that <mask> would be joining the Melbourne Renegades for the final 4 games of the 2014–15 Big Bash League season, replacing Andre Russell, who would be leaving to join the West Indies in their tour of South Africa. In November 2020, Cricket Australia informed that <mask> will not be able to play in future in BBL. <mask> has played 6 matches scoring 87 runs at an average of 14.50 and strike rate of 117.57 and getting 9 wickets at an economy of 6.10 in the BBL.Pakistan Super League <mask> was one of the headline stars confirmed the PCB's commitment at unveiling its preliminary plans for the Pakistan Super League. In the 2016 Pakistan Super League, <mask> was named one of the Platinum Players and later he was picked up by Karachi Kings for US$140,000. In the his debut match against Lahore Qalanders, he was adjudged man of the match for scoring 51 out of 35 balls and getting a bowling figure of 1/26 which helped his team win by 7 wickets. In the 2017 season, <mask> was picked by Peshawar Zalmi. He was supposed to play for the 2018 season also but was injured at that time. In April 2021, <mask> was signed by Lahore Qalandars to play in the rescheduled matches in the 2021 Pakistan Super League. But later, in May 2021, he expressed his desire to play in the 2021 Dhaka Premier League instead of playing in the rescheduled matches of the 2021 Pakistan Super League.As a result, he missed the rescheduled matches of the 2021 Pakistan Super League. <mask> played 13 matches scoring 180 runs at an average of 16.36 and strike rate of 107.14 and getting 8 wickets at an economy of 7.39. Global T20 Canada In June 2019, <mask> was selected to play for the Brampton Wolves in the 2019 Global T20 Canada, but missed as the BCB granted his request to give him some time off from the cricket. Lanka Premier League <mask> was expected to play in 2020 Lanka Premier League as his ban was expected to end in October but BCB declared that no Bangladeshi players, including <mask>, would feature in the LPL. <mask>, expected to play the 2021 season, was again granted no NOC as BCB declared no Bangladeshi players will feature in the LPL 2021. Bangabandu T20 Cup In November 2020, <mask> made a return to cricket, following the completion of a one-year ban imposed by the International Cricket Council, being selected to play for Gemcon Khulna in Bangabandhu T20 Cup 2020. <mask> became the third cricketer to achieve the rare double of 5000 runs and 300 wickets (in 311 games) in T20 cricket in the match against Gazi Group Chattogram in the tournament.<mask> however is the second Bangladesh batsman to score 5000 runs in T20 cricket after Tamim Iqbal. Overall he is the 65th cricketer in the world to reach the 5000 runs mark. <mask> was not available in the final of the tournament due to seeing his ailing father-in-law in the US. Before leaving, he made quickfire 28 and took one wicket conceding 31 runs in Khulna's crucial win against Gazi Group Chattogram in the 1st Qualifier of the tournament. <mask> played nine matches in the tournament but failed to impress much, scoring only 110 runs and bagging six wickets. Bangladesh Cricket League T20 International career Debut years <mask> made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Zimbabwe on 6 August 2006 at Harare Sports Club. He played a significant part in Bangladesh's victory, where he scored 30 runs and bowled out Elton Chigumbura to get his first ODI wicket.On 28 November 2006, <mask> made his T20 and T20I debut against Zimbabwe. On his debut, <mask> scored 26 of 28 balls and got a bowling figure of 1/31.His 1st T20 & T20I wicket was of Sean Williams. <mask> made his Test debut on 6 May 2007 against India. On his debut his got a bowling figure of 0/62 (19 overs) and scored 30 of 47 balls in 1st innings and 15 of 64 balls in 2nd innings. <mask>'s first test wicket was Craig Cumming in the 2nd test vs New Zealand. On 20 October 2008, <mask> took at that time the best bowling figures by a Bangladesh player in Tests, 7 wickets for 36 runs, against New Zealand in the 1st test of the test series. From January 2009 to April 2011 and again from March 2012 to January 2013, <mask> was ranked first amongst ODI all-rounders by the ICC.In December 2011, he became the world's top-ranked Test all-rounder. In December 2014, <mask> became the world's top-ranked Twenty 20 all-rounder. He is currently the only all-rounder to be ranked in the top 3 of ICC Player Rankings across every format of international cricket. <mask> was appointed Bangladesh's vice-captain in June 2009. During Bangladesh's tour of the West Indies the following month, the captain Mashrafe Mortaza was injured and <mask> took over the captaincy. He was 22 years old at the time. Initially, a temporary position, <mask>'s success against the West Indies, securing his side's first overseas series win, ensured his retention of captaincy even after Mashrafe recovered.<mask> was named The Wisden Cricketer's "Test Player of the Year" in October 2009. In July 2010, he stepped down from the ODI captaincy to concentrate on his personal performance. Mortaza took over until he became injured again and <mask> was asked to resume leadership. This lasted until he was relieved of captaincy in September 2011 due to a poor World Cup campaign. Breakthrough (2006–2008) <mask> was included in Bangladesh's senior squad to tour Zimbabwe in February 2006. Along with Farhad Reza and Mushfiqur Rahim, <mask> was one of the three uncapped players to be included in the squad. <mask> and Reza were described as "very good cricketers in all departments of the game", and Faruq Ahmed – the chief selector – said that Bangladesh had "high hopes from them and it's time for them to perform at the international level".<mask> made his ODI debut on the tour on 6 August; his maiden wicket was that of all-rounder Elton Chigumbura, and he finished with bowling figures of 1/39. He also scored 30 not out while Shahriar Nafees scored his maiden ODI century to help Bangladesh win by eight wickets. It was the final match in the series, which Zimbabwe won 3–2. In September 2006, <mask> was one of three players to be granted a rookie contract with the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB), along with Farhad Reza and Mehrab Hossain Jr. This increased the number of players with central contracts and under the control of the BCB from 20 to 23. <mask> was included in the 15-man squad led by Habibul Bashar for the 2007 Cricket World Cup hosted West Indies in March and April. Bangladesh made it to the second stage of the competition and finished seventh.Along the way the team caused an upset by beating India to help knock them out of the tournament. With Tamim Iqbal in just his fifth ODI and Mushfiqur Rahim, <mask> was one of three Bangladesh batsmen in the match to score a half century to help the team reach its target of 192 to win. Later in the tournament, <mask> scored another half-century although Bangladesh were defeated by England on that very occasion. He scored 202 runs from 9 matches at an average of 28.85 with a high score of 57* and achieved 7 wickets at an average of 43.14 with an economy of 4.96. Later that year, in May, India toured Bangladesh for two Tests and three ODIs. On 18 May, <mask> made his Test debut against India. He batted once, scoring 27 runs, and bowled 13 overs without taking a wicket as the match ended in a draw.In his 2nd match he batted twice scoring 30 and 15 runs and bowled 19 overs without taking any wickets where also wicket-kept for 8 balls till India's innings declaration, as India won by an innings and 238 runs. India won the Test series 1–0 and the ODI series 3–0. After the tour, Dav Whatmore resigned from his position as Bangladesh coach, and batsman Mohammad Ashraful replaced Habibul Bashar as captain. In September 2007, South Africa hosted the ICC World Twenty20. Victory against West Indies in the first round was enough to ensure Bangladesh's progression to the second round, although it was the only one of their five matches they won. In the match against West Indies, <mask> took 4/34; it was the first time a Bangladesh player had taken more than three wickets in an International Twenty20 match (T20I). <mask> was part of another piece of T20I history when in a match against Australia in the tournament he became one of three victims of the first T20I hat-trick.Brett Lee took <mask>'s wicket, followed by those of Mortaza's and <mask> Kapali to help Australia to a nine-wicket win. In October that year, it was announced that Jamie Siddons – Australia's assistant coach – would take over the role of Bangladesh coach; Siddons asserted that the previous set-up had focused on short-term goals and that he was planning to improve Bangladesh over the long term and keep together a core squad of talented players to gain experience at international level. In December 2007 and January 2008, Bangladesh toured New Zealand for two Tests and three ODIs. Although he did not play the first Test, <mask> was selected over Enamul Haque Jr for the second due to his better batting ability. It was <mask>'s fourth Test, and until that point he had gone wicketless. His first wicket was that of New Zealand's Craig Cumming. New Zealand won by an innings and 137 runs and took the series 2–0.New Zealand also completed a clean sweep in the ODIs which preceded the Tests, winning 3–0. <mask> played in all three ODIs scoring 31 runs at an average of 10.33, and taking 3 wickets at an average of 42.33. Over February and March 2008 South Africa toured Bangladesh, playing two Tests and three ODIs. South Africa won both Tests. <mask> played in both Bangladesh's defeats, taking just one wicket while conceding 122 runs, and scoring 75 runs. South Africa won the subsequent ODI series 3–0. <mask> passed 1,000 ODI runs in the series; he passed the landmark in his 39th ODI with a batting average of 35.37.Before New Zealand's tour of Bangladesh in October 2008, <mask> was considered more of a batsman than a bowler, despite being an all-rounder. Though he usually batted down the order at number seven in Tests, he had mostly batted in the top five in ODIs. In a departure from <mask>'s usual role Jamie Siddons, the coach stated that Shakib would play the Test series against New Zealand as a specialist bowler. The move immediately paid off, and he took 7/37 in New Zealand's first innings in the opening Test which was the best bowling figures by a Bangladesh player in all their 54 Tests suppressing the previous best innings figures by a Bangladeshi bowler set by another left-armer Enamul Haque with 7–95 against Zimbabwe at Dhaka three years ago., He scored 71 for his maiden Test half-century to guide the home team to 184–8 in their second innings. Bangladesh lost the series 2–0, but <mask> finished as Bangladesh's leading wicket-taker in the series with 10 wickets at 17.80. His spell was nominated to be the Best Test Bowling Performance of 2008 by ESPNCricinfo. Bangladesh won the opening match of the ODI series against New Zealand – securing their first ever ODI win over them – although they eventually lost the series 2–1.<mask> finished with five wickets from three matches, making him Bangladesh's second-highest wicket-taker for the series behind Mashrafe Mortaza (7); however <mask> scored just 16 runs in the series. The following month, Bangladesh toured South Africa for two Tests, three ODIs, and a T20I. While Bangladesh lost all their matches against South Africa except for an abandoned ODI, <mask> continued to build on the good bowling form he had found against New Zealand. On the first day of the opening Test, <mask> went wicketless; on the advice of Mohammad Salauddin, Bangladesh's assistant coach, he gave the ball flight on the second day and went on to take five wickets. He took another five-wicket haul in the second Test, again as Bangladesh lost to South Africa. Along with South Africa's Makhaya Ntini, <mask> was the series' leading wicket-taker with 11 at an average of 20.81. <mask>'s performance against South Africa in a losing cause prompted former Australian leg spin bowler Kerry O'Keeffe to describe him as the "world's best finger spinner at the moment".Sri Lanka toured Bangladesh in December 2008 and January 2009 for two Tests and a Tri-nation tournament including Zimbabwe. Sri Lanka won both Tests and the tournament final, although <mask> turned in a man of the match performance, scoring 92 not out, in the second ODI against Sri Lanka helped Bangladesh to their only victory against them on the tour. In the first match of the Test series, <mask> took another five-wicket haul as his team again was defeated. On 22 January 2009, <mask> was ranked first amongst ODI all-rounders by the ICC. Captaincy and vice-captaincy (2009–2011) At the beginning of 2009, there was speculation over Mohammad Ashraful and his position as captain after a succession of defeats for Bangladesh and continuous poor form for Ashraful. <mask> was considered a possible successor by the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB). However, the BCB was cautious of over-burdening the all-rounder and decided against the move.Other candidates were discounted, and Ashraful remained as captain. Later in 2009, Ashraful's captaincy was again under scrutiny after Bangladesh exited the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 in the first round following losses to Ireland and India. When Mashrafe Mortaza replaced Mohammad Ashraful in June 2009, <mask> was appointed vice-captain, filling the position vacated by Mortaza. In July–August 2009, Bangladesh toured the West Indies. When Mortaza injured his knee in the first Test, he was unable to take to the field on the final day and <mask> took over as captain. He and Mahmudullah led Bangladesh's bowling attack, sharing 13 wickets in the match and securing a historic win for Bangladesh. It was Bangladesh's first against the West Indies, their first overseas Test victory, and only their second Test win.The West Indies side was very inexperienced due to the fallout of a dispute between the West Indies Cricket Board and the West Indies Players' Association over pay. The first XI had made themselves unavailable for selection and a new squad had to be chosen. Seven West Indies players made their Test debut in the match and the side was captained by Floyd Reifer who had played the last of his four Tests ten years earlier. <mask> was fined 10% of his match fee for excessive appealing; bowler Shahadat Hossain was also fined and batsman Imrul Kayes was reprimanded for the same reason. West Indies In Mortaza's absence through injury, <mask> led Bangladesh for the remainder of the tour. Aged 22 years and 115 days at the start of the second Test, <mask> became Bangladesh's youngest captain and fifth youngest in the history of Test

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cricket. Under <mask>'s leadership Bangladesh went on to win the second Test, and in the process secured their first overseas series win.Individually <mask> performed well, earning both the player-of-the-match and player-of-the-series awards, scoring 16 and 96 not out with the bat and taking 3/59 and 5/70 with the ball. He scored 159 runs in the series at an average of 53.00 and was Bangladesh's second highest run-scorer for the series; his haul of 13 wickets at an average of 18.76 from both matches meant <mask> was the equal highest wicket-taker for the series along with West Indies fast bowler Kemar Roach. After winning the Test series 2–0, Bangladesh proceeded to whitewash the ODI series, winning 3–0. The West Indies' dispute remained unsolved for the whole of Bangladesh's tour and the West Indies continued to field an inexperienced side. <mask> collected two half centuries in the ODI series, averaging 45.00, and was the third highest run-scorer in the series; he also took 2 wickets at an average of 48.00. For his performance in the ODIs, <mask> was named the man of the series. Zimbabwe <mask> was appointed captain for Bangladesh's tour of Zimbabwe in August 2009 as Mortaza was still injured.In the second ODI of the five match series in Zimbabwe in August 2009, <mask> scored 104 off only 64 balls before being run-out – his third ODI century – to help his team to their highest score in ODIs and lead Bangladesh to a 2–0 lead in the series. He finished the series with 170 runs from five matches at an average of 42.50 – fifth highest run-scorer – and 6 wickets an average of 39.66, fourth highest wicket-taker in the series. Following his team's 4–1 victory in the ODI series against Zimbabwe, <mask> travelled to Australia to undergo medical treatment for acute groin pain. He had been experiencing pain since the end of the West Indies tour, but he had decided to play through the pain and lead Bangladesh in Zimbabwe. Although he did not win, <mask> was nominated Cricketer of the Year and Test Player of the Year in the 2009 ICC Awards; he was the only Bangladesh player to be nominated in either category that year. <mask>'s success meant that it was not a given that Mortaza would replace him as captain once fit, but it was announced in September 2009 that Mortaza would return as captain for Bangladesh's home ODI series against Zimbabwe the following month and <mask> would return to the role of vice-captain. However, Mortaza failed to return from arthroscopic surgery on both knees in time for the series, and <mask> was again named captain.After losing the opening match – in which <mask> criticised the performance of Bangladesh's batsmen including himself – Bangladesh went on to win the series 4–1. In the second match of the series, <mask> passed 2,000 runs in ODIs. On 5 November 2009, <mask> became no. 1 ODI bowler in ICC rankings. In November 2009, <mask> was named The Wisden Cricketer's "Test Player of the Year". England and the Asia Cup Over February and March 2010 England toured Bangladesh for two Tests and three ODIs. England won all of their matches against Bangladesh.<mask> was Bangladesh's leading wicket-taker in both the Test and ODI series (9 in Tests and 5 in ODIs). Both Tests went to the final day and <mask> expressed the opinion that the experience had exhausted his side. The match was also a source of controversy after incorrect umpiring decisions on the third day went against Bangladesh, prompting <mask> to blame the lack of a referral system for some of the team's misfortune. In turn, Bangladesh toured England in May and July the same year. They again lost the Test series 2–0. <mask> finished as his team's leading wicket-taker with eight wickets, although he only scored 52 runs. Before the ODI series, Bangladesh left England for Sri Lanka, which was hosting the 2010 Asia Cup in June.Bangladesh lost all three of their matches. With five wickets, <mask> was Bangladesh's leading wicket-taker with Shafiul Islam (5 each). As he was struggling to cope with the captaincy and his role as an all-rounder, <mask> gave up the captaincy in July 2010 to focus on his own performance. Mashrafe Mortaza returned to take charge in ODIs. Coach Jamie Siddons explained that "<mask> was the main person behind the decision, he decided it was a bit much for him. His form was down with the bat and he needed a rest." Bangladesh returned to England for the ODI half of their tour.Bangladesh lost the series 2–1, but their victory in the second match was the first time Bangladesh had beaten England in international cricket. While in Europe, Bangladesh were scheduled to play two ODIs against Ireland, and one each against Scotland and Netherlands. The match against Scotland was abandoned and Bangladesh lost one match to each of Ireland and the Netherlands. For his performances in 2009, he was named in the World Test XI by the ICC. New Zealand and Zimbabwe In October 2010, New Zealand went to Bangladesh for five ODIs. In the first match of the series Mortaza injured his ankle and was forced to leave the field; <mask> took over, and under his leadership Bangladesh secured a nine-run victory, during which <mask> took four wickets and scored 58. Once it emerged that Mortaza would be unable to play in the rest of the series, <mask> was made captain for the remaining matches.In the fourth match, <mask> scored a century and took three wickets to help his team win by nine runs. Bangladesh went on to win the series 4–0, their first series victory against a full strength ICC Full Member nation. <mask> finished the series as the player with most runs and wickets on either side: 213 runs and 11 wickets. Although Mortaza returned from injury in time for Zimbabwe's tour of Bangladesh in December, <mask> was retained as captain for the five-match ODI series. Following his side's defeat in the opening ODI, <mask> stated that he "was not prepared to take the job and I am also not satisfied with my role as a captain". Bangladesh went on to win the next three complete matches, with one called off due to rain, to beat Zimbabwe 3–1. <mask> was Bangladesh's second-highest run-scorer and wicket taker for the series with 156 runs, including two half centuries, and nine wickets.2011 World Cup In February to March April 2011, Bangladesh co-hosted the World Cup with India and Sri Lanka. West Indies dismissed Bangladesh for 58 runs, the team's lowest score in ODIs and a record low for a Full Member at the World Cup. <mask> described this match as the 'worst day' of his career. <mask>'s house was stoned by angry fans in the aftermath, as was the West Indies team bus as it left the ground. Bangladesh registered wins against England, Ireland and the Netherlands, but defeats by West Indies, India and South Africa meant they did not progress beyond the first round of the tournament. With 8 wickets at an average of 27.87, <mask> was Bangladesh's leading wicket-taker in the tournament, and his 142 runs from 6 innings made him the team's third highest run-scorer. After World Cup Shortly after the World Cup, Australia toured Bangladesh for three ODIs.In the first match of the series, <mask> scored 51 to pass 3,000 runs in ODIs. Bangladesh lost the series 3–0, <mask> scored 69 runs in three matches and took just one wicket whilst conceding 117 runs. Shane Watson's performances in the series meant he was ranked first amongst ODI all-rounders, claiming the position from <mask>. When Bangladesh toured Zimbabwe in August 2011 they were expected to win the one-off Test, which was Zimbabwe's first in five years, and the five-match ODI series. As it transpired Bangladesh lost the ODI series 3–2 and the Test. <mask> and his vice-captain, Tamim Iqbal, were sacked with a BCB official citing unsatisfactory leadership. Post-captaincy (2011–2017) Bangladesh's first series under new leadership was against the West Indies in October 2011.Relieved of the captaincy, <mask> was Bangladesh's leading wicket-taker in both the ODI and Test series, his bowling was backed up by 168 runs in the two Tests (of the Bangladesh players, only Tamim Iqbal scored more), and 79 from two innings in the ODIs. Bangladesh lost both series. Following this, <mask> was Bangladesh's top run-scorer and wicket-taker in the home Test series against Pakistan in December 2011. In the second Test of the series, he became Bangladesh's first player to score a century (his highest score, 144) and take five wickets in an innings in the same Test. After the series he moved to first place in the ICC's ranking of Test all-rounders. In the home series against West Indies in late 2012, he became the 2nd Bangladeshi to both take 100 Test wickets, making him the leading wicket-taker in Tests for Bangladesh, and to complete the 1000 run / 100 wicket double. However, he got ruled out of the ODI and T20 series due to a shin injury.<mask> got ruled out of the Sri Lanka tour in March due to a calf muscle injury. He had a successful operation on the right leg at a private hospital in Sydney, Australia. He would be on rest for one month since his operation. In 2nd Test match of Zimbabwe tour of Bangladesh 2014 <mask> became only the fourth player in Test history after <mask> (1960), Ian Botham (1980) and Imran Khan (1983) to score a hundred and take 10 wickets in the same match. On 7 December 2014, <mask> became no. 1 T20 all-rounder. In 2015, <mask> helped Bangladesh to their most successful year in cricket.Following their success in the 2015 Cricket World Cup (where after batting in the first match at 2015 Cricket World Cup, he had a total of 4,040 runs in ODI matches and became the first Bangladeshi cricketer to score 4,000 runs in ODIs), he also helped the team to a whitewash of Pakistan and series win against India and South Africa. On 12 June, he captured his 100th Test wicket at home on the third day of the one-off Test match against India. On 15 July, he took his 200th wicket of his ODI career by taking the wicket of Hashim Amla in the final ODI of the ODI series becoming the fastest, youngest and the only seventh cricketer to 4,000 runs and 200 wickets double in ODIs (in 156 matches). On 26 September 2016, with the wicket of Shabir Noori during the first ODI against Afghanistan, <mask> became Bangladesh's leading wicket-taker in ODIs as well as in all formats at that time. On 22 October 2016, with the wicket of Joe Root, <mask> became the first Bangladeshi to have bagged 150 Test scalps. New era of Test & T20I captaincy (2017–2019) After the retirement from T20I of Mashrafe Mortaza in 2017, <mask> was appointed as the T20I captain of the team for the second time. Later Mushfiqur Rahim was also removed from Test captaincy and <mask> was again appointed as Test captain.However, during 2017–18 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series, he injured his finger and was rested for few days. In his absence, Mahmudullah captained the side in the Home series against Sri Lanka and 2018 Nidahas Trophy. His first tour was against Pakistan in July 2017. On 28 August 2017, <mask> became the 4th bowler in Test history to record a 5-wicket haul against all Test Playing nations (except Afghanistan and Ireland, who have only just granted Test status earlier that year) when he grabbed 5 wickets against Australia in his first encounter with the team. He also scored a half-century in the first innings. In the second innings, he only scored 8 runs with the bat, but he grabbed another 5 wickets to secure his first 10-wicket haul and the win. However, after the series, <mask> opted to take a break from Test to focus on limited-overs games.In April 2018, he was one of ten cricketers to be awarded a central contract by the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) ahead of the 2018 season. Later the same month, he was named in the Rest of the World XI squad for the one-off T20I against the West Indies, played at Lord's on 31 May 2018, but later withdrew from squad due to personal reason. In November 2018, in the series against the West Indies, he became the first bowler for Bangladesh to take 200 wickets in Tests. In the same match, he also became the fastest cricketer, in terms of matches, to score 3,000 runs and take 200 wickets in Tests, doing so in his 54th match. 2019 Cricket World Cup In April 2019, he was named as the vice-captain of Bangladesh's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. In the first innings of Bangladesh's opening match in the World Cup, against South Africa, he and Mushfiqur Rahim scored 142 runs for the third wicket, the highest partnership for any wicket for Bangladesh in a World Cup match. Bangladesh went on to score their then highest total in an ODI match at that time, finishing on 330/6 from their 50 overs.In the second innings, he took the wicket of Aiden Markram as his 250th wicket in ODIs, to become the fastest cricketer to take 250 wickets and score 5,000 runs in ODIs, in terms of a number of matches (199). Bangladesh went on to win the match by 21 runs with <mask> named as player of the match. In that match he also became the first cricketer to score a fifty in the first match of Bangladesh in each World Cup since 2007. In Bangladesh's next match in the tournament, against New Zealand, <mask> played in his 200th ODI. On 17 June 2019, in the match against the West Indies, <mask> became the second batsman for Bangladesh to score 6,000 runs in ODIs. For his unbeaten 124, he was awarded man of the match. In the match against Australia, <mask> <mask> got out for 41 which was his first score of under fifty runs in this World Cup.He also missed out on becoming the first Bangladeshi player to score 6 consecutive 50+ scores in ODIs being now joint with Tamim Iqbal who had 5 50+ scores in 2012. In the second innings, Bangladesh went on to score their then highest total in an ODI match in a losing cause, finishing on 333/8 in 50 overs. On 24 June 2019, in the match against Afghanistan, where he was again named man of the match, <mask> became the first batsman for Bangladesh to score 1,000 runs in the Cricket World Cup, and the first bowler for Bangladesh to take a five-wicket haul in a World Cup match. He also became the second cricketer, after Yuvraj Singh, to score 50 runs and take five wickets in the same match at a World Cup. On 2 July 2019, in the match against India, <mask> became the first cricketer in the World Cup to score 600 runs and take 10 wickets in a single tournament. He finished the tournament as the leading run-scorer for Bangladesh, with 606 runs in eight matches and surpassed Sachin Tendulkar's record for the most runs in the group stage of a World Cup. <mask> had a mind blowing average of 86.57 with the bat in the World Cup.He appeared in 8 matches in the World Cup and took 11 wickets. He was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC and ESPNCricinfo. Post 2019 World Cup to 2020 In September 2019, during the 2019–20 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series, <mask> took his 350th wicket in international cricket, in the final group match against Afghanistan. Between 1 September 2011 and 28 December 2020, <mask> played 131 matches scoring 2,011 runs at an average of 50.27 with 4 hundreds and also taking 97 wickets at an average of 22.63 with two 5-wicket hauls in ODIs. Thus he was named in the ICC Men's ODI team of the Decade. 2021–present After serving a one-year ban, he returned to the national squad for their Test and ODI series against West Indies. In the first ODI, he picked up his 150th wicket at home.<mask> also set another record as the

Shakib Al Hasan

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left-arm spinner became the first Bangladeshi cricketer to bowl in 100 innings on home. In the third ODI, he become the only cricketer to register the double of 6,000 runs and 300 wickets across all formats in a single country. Bangladesh went on to win the three match series by 3–0 and he became the Player of the series scoring 113 runs and picking up 6 wickets at an average of 8.33. In the third ODI, <mask> suffered a groin injury. However, he recovered from the injury and thus he was selected in the squad of the Test series. But in the first test, he suffered an injury in another region of the same thigh that forced him to leave the field late in the second day. Even though it seemed that <mask>'s old groin injury had resurfaced but match officials informed that it was rather a new injury.He scored 68 runs and bowled 6 overs giving 16 runs in the 1st innings as he was unable to bat and bowl in the 2nd innings of the 1st Test. He was ruled out of the 2nd test. <mask> <mask> missed the Bangladesh's tour of New Zealand as the BCB granted him paternity leave for the duration of the entire tour. <mask> opted to sit out the test series against Sri Lanka in April to play in the 2021 IPL which was granted by the BCB. <mask> and Mustafizur Rahman were selected in Bangladesh's 23-member preliminary squad for the ODI series against Sri Lanka during their playing in 2021 Indian Premier League. <mask> joined the national camp along with Mustafizur on 19 May 2021 since returning from India on 6 May via a chartered flight following the suspension of the 2021 IPL. He returned to international cricket in the ODI series against Sri Lanka after withdrawing himself from New Zealand tour and test series in Sri Lanka.Though he could not perform well in the series scoring only 19 runs and picked up only 3 wickets at an average of 43.33 in 3 matches. He was included in the squad for all three formats for the series against Zimbabwe. In the one-off test, he failed with bat scoring only 3 runs in one innings and picked up 5 wickets in the match. In the opening match of the ODI series he became the leading wicket-taker for Bangladesh in ODIs, taking his 270th dismissal and consequently ended up picking a five-fer in the match. In the second ODI, he picked up 2 wickets for 42 runs and scored unbeaten 96 runs to help Bangladesh to take an unassailable lead of 2–0 in the series. In the third ODI he also contributed with both bat and ball. He was named Player of the Series for his al-round performance, scoring 145 runs at an average of 72.5 and picking up 8 wickets at an average of 14.75 in 3 matches.In the T20I series, he scored only 37 runs and picked up 3 wickets in 3 matches. On 8 August 2021, ICC announced that <mask>, Mitchell Marsh and Hayden Walsh Jr was nominated for ICC Player of the Month awards for July 2021. On 11 August, ICC announced <mask> as the winner. The following month, he was named in Bangladesh's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. On 30 December 2021, <mask> was nominated for ICC Men's ODI player of the year. On 20 January 2022, ICC announced ICC team of the year 2022 in all formats. <mask> was in the ODI's one with his teammates Mushy and Fizz for his performance where in 9 matches, he managed to score 277 runs at an average of 39.57 with two 50s and he also scalped up 17 wickets at an average of 17.52.Disciplinary issues In October 2010, <mask> was on 92 in the fourth ODI against New Zealand, when there was movement near the sightscreen, which the umpires failed to stop. After a few minutes <mask>, Bangladesh captain at the time, ran towards the sightscreen, hurled abuse and threatened to hit the offender with his bat. He was later warned by the match referee. In March 2011, during the world cup match against West Indies, several people in the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium grandstand complained Shakib had reacted too strongly when he was booed. The offending picture was spread over the internet and published in several newspapers. Within days of that incident, <mask> blasted former national cricketers in his Prothom Alo column. In February 2014, <mask> was fined and was handed with a three-ODI ban, because he had made an indecent gesture towards his crotch in the dressing room live on broadcast, during the second ODI against Sri Lanka.<mask> later made a public apology statement through his official Facebook page. International ban: On 7 July 2014, <mask> was banned for eight months from all forms of cricket for what the Bangladesh Cricket Board described as a "severe attitude problem". <mask> missed Bangladesh's tour of the West Indies; he was also prohibited to participate in foreign tournaments until 31 December 2015. Controversy arose when <mask> left to play for the Barbados Tridents of the Caribbean Premier League, allegedly without informing board officials and without obtaining a No Objection Certificate from the board, a claim he has denied. <mask> found himself embroiled in further controversy after a dispute with coach Chandika Hathurusingha led to rumours of him threatening to retire from Test and One Day cricket. The BCB has ended the restriction on no-objection certificates being issued to Bangladesh all-rounder <mask> <mask>, leaving him free to participate in overseas tournaments. BCB reduced his ban by three a half months on 26 August 2014 letting him play for Bangladesh from 15 September 2014.During the 6th T20I match which was a controversial tense clash between Sri Lanka and Bangladesh as a part of the 2018 Nidahas Trophy, he argued the poor umpiring errors for not signalling a "no ball" delivery when Isuru Udana bowled 2 short pitched bouncer deliveries to Mustafizur Rahman in the last over of the match, where Bangladesh needed 12 runs to victory off the six balls. Fellow cricketer, Mahmudullah who was on the non-striker's end when Mustafizur Rahman was batting, demanded a no-ball delivery from the on-field umpires. <mask> later threatened to leave the field and recalled the batsmen from the field as a result of the umpiring errors. Reserve Bangladeshi cricketer, Nurul <mask> was also suspected to have breached the code of conduct for exchanging war of words with Sri Lankan skipper, Thisara Perera. It was also revealed that <mask> exchanged arguments with Sri Lankan commentator Russell Arnold. The International Cricket Council later imposed a 25 percent fine and issued a demerit point to both <mask> and Nurul <mask> for their unruly behaviour on the field by breaching the code of ethics. Players strike: <mask> also led a players' strike which existed for a brief period of time from 21 October 2019 to 23 October 2019 demanding for higher salaries especially in domestic first class cricket system and issues related to proposal of Bangladesh Premier League to adopt the franchise method.He along with fellow players reportedly addressed the pay dispute issue to the media and even threatened to boycott the tour of India and the rest of international cricket season until their demands were to be fulfilled. However, the issue was sorted out as the BCB accepted to fulfill the demand of the players by offering salary increments. During the time when he was leading the players' strike, he was also accused for breaching the agreement with BCB by signing a sponsorship deal as an ambassador for an undisclosed amount with a leading telecommunication operator called Grameenphone which is also a former national team sponsor. International ban: <mask> was initially selected to lead the team in the T20I and Test series against India, but on 29 October 2019, <mask> was suspended for one year and banned from all forms of cricket for two years by the International Cricket Council for breaching the ICC-Anti Corruption Code. <mask> was supposedly contacted by bookmakers while playing in the 2018 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series and also in a group match between Sunrisers Hyderabad and Kings XI Punjab in the 2018 Indian Premier League. For failing to report those approaches made to him by the bookmakers, he was found guilty of breaching the ICC Anti-Corruption Code 2.4.4 and was handed a two-year ban, one year being suspended. He was able to resume international cricket as of 29 October 2020.In June 2021, during the 40th group match between Abahani Limited and Mohammedan Sporting Club of the 2021 Dhaka Premier League, <mask> kicked and broke the stumps after umpire Imran Parvez turned down a LBW appeal. He was bowling against Mushfiqur Rahim in the fifth over of the innings and kicked the stumps as soon as the umpire refused to concede to his appeal. In the same match, he also himself uprooted the stumps when the umpire halted the match due to rain in the following over. However, <mask> later made a public apology statement through his official Facebook page calling his behaviour as a "human error". Following the incident, <mask> was suspended for three matches of the tournament and was fined by the BCB. The BCB also announced that a panel would be set up to investigate claims of biased umpiring in domestic cricket. Personal life <mask> studied for a BA in English at American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB).He married Umme Ahmed Shishir, a Bangladeshi American on 12 December 2012. The couple met in 2010 while <mask> was playing county cricket for Worcestershire in England. They had their first daughter <mask> <mask> on 8 November 2015, their second daughter Errum <mask> on 24 April 2020 and their first son Eyzah <mask> on 16 March 2021. In August 2018, he became a green card holder which allows him to live and work in the US. <mask> is the chairman of Monarch Holdings and goodwill ambassador of UNICEF for Bangladesh, Huawei and Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh). Shakib announced a new company named Burak Commodities Exchange Co in August 2021 to enter into the gold business. Philanthropy Shakib runs a charity organization named SAHF (Shakib Al Hasan Foundation) to carry on his philanthropic works since 2020.The foundation started a project named 'Mission Save Bangladesh' to help 2000 families in March 2020. In April 2020, <mask> auctioned his 2019 Cricket World Cup bat for COVID-19 relief. Records and achievements Captaincy record He was the standing captain in the first test against West Indies in 2009, when regular captain Mashrafe Mortaza left the field on the first day due injury. Bangladesh went on to win the test match which was the first away test win for Bangladesh. He also captained the team for the second test as well and leading the team to win the match and consequently winning the series, which was their first away test series win also. He was named Player of the series for his all-round performance. He captained Bangladesh against West Indies in 2018–19, when Bangladesh defeated them 2–0, which was their second test series win against west Indies.He was named Player of the Series for his all-round performances. During his stint as test captain, Bangladesh won only these 3 tests out of 14 matches. Bangladesh played 50 ODI matches under his captaincy from 2009 to 2015 and won 23 matches. He was also the Bangladesh captain in 2011 Cricket World Cup and also captained 1 match in 2015 Cricket World Cup. Bangladesh also played 17 T20I matches under his captaincy, winning only 4 matches. International record On 12 January 2015, <mask> became the first and only cricketer in history to be ranked the 'No.1 all-rounder' by ICC in its Player Rankings in all three formats of the game (Test, One Day International and T20 Internationals). Only all-rounder to 6000 runs and 300 wickets double across all formats in a single country (Bangladesh).Highest partnership record for any wicket for a Bangladeshi pair in ODIs, with Mahmadullah (224). (This is also the highest ever 5th wicket runs stand in the history of ICC Champions Trophy) Fastest and one of the fifth all-rounder to 3000 runs and 200 wickets double in Tests (54 matches). Fastest and one of the fifth all-rounder to 5000 runs and take 250 double in ODI (in 199 matches). Fastest and one of the third all-rounder to 4,000 runs and 300 wickets double in T20s (in 260 matches). Only all-rounder to have 100 wickets and 1,000 runs double in T20Is. Fastest player to 3000 runs and 200 wicket double in Tests. Fastest and one of fourth all-rounder to 6000 runs and 250 wickets double in ODIs (202 matches).Fastest, youngest and the only seventh cricketer to 4,000 runs and 200 wickets double in ODIs (in 156 matches). First spin bowler, and third player overall, to take more than 100 ODI wickets on a single ground (119 at Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium). Most wickets taken in Twenty20 cricket on a single ground (123 at Shere Bangla National Stadium, Mirpur). In August 2021, he became the first cricketer to take 100 wickets and score 1,000 runs in T20Is. On 17 October 2021, in the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, against Scotland, taking his 108th dismissal, he became the leading wicket-taker in T20Is, surpassing Lasith Malinga. On 24 October 2021, He become the leading wicket taker in T20 World Cups taking his 40th dismissal, he surpassed Shahid Afridi. In December 2021, in the 2nd test against Pakistan, he becomes the quickest allrounder, in terms of matches (59) to achieve the double of 4,000 runs and 200 wickets in test cricket.National record First Bangladeshi cricketer to score 4000 runs in ODIs. First Bangladeshi bowler to take 500 international wickets. First Bangladeshi bowler to take 200 wickets in Tests. Most number of wickets taken in Test (215), ODI (277) and T20I (117) for Bangladesh as of 24 January 2022. Most number of wickets taken combining all formats for Bangladesh (609 wickets) as of 24 January 2022. Second Bangladeshi batsmen to score 10,000 international runs. Second highest individual score (217) by a Bangladeshi batsman in Tests.Third-highest run-getter for Bangladesh in all formats (12,070 runs) as of 18 July 2021. Other achievements Ranked as one of the world's most famous athletes by ESPN World Fame 100 in 2019. In the annual ICC Awards in January 2022, <mask> <mask> was named in ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year for the year 2021. Notes References External links <mask> <mask> Profile on Cricbuzz 1987 births Living people Bangladeshi cricketers Bangladesh Test cricketers Bangladesh One Day International cricketers Bangladesh Twenty20 International cricketers 20th-century Bengalis 21st-century Bengalis Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers Sunrisers Hyderabad cricketers Khulna Division cricketers Worcestershire cricketers Leicestershire cricketers Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2015 Cricket World Cup Dhaka Dynamites cricketers Khulna Royal Bengals cricketers Melbourne Renegades cricketers Barbados Tridents cricketers Adelaide Strikers cricketers People from Khulna Division Asian Games medalists in cricket Cricketers at the 2014 Asian Games Asian Games bronze medalists for Bangladesh Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games Karachi Kings cricketers Peshawar Zalmi cricketers Bangladesh Test cricket captains Jamaica Tallawahs cricketers Legends of Rupganj cricketers Kala Bagan Krira Chakra cricketers Prime Bank Cricket Club cricketers Abahani Limited cricketers Rangpur Rangers cricketers Recipients of the Bangladesh National Sports Award People from Magura District Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup American International University-Bangladesh alumni Muslims

Jan van Nuenen

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<mask> (born 1978) is a Dutch visual artist with a strong focus on media art, including video collages, computer animations and video installations. A recurring theme in his artworks is the relations between humans, technology and nature. Education <mask> studied audio-visual design at the art academy St. Joost in Breda where he graduated in 2002. He graduated in 2002 with the 12-minute long animation film  Optimizer Customizer, which shows the “eventual downfall of civilized society” caused by consumerism. Optimizer Customizer was nominated for the René Coulhoprijs in the same year but did not win. Career Van Nuenen has said to be fascinated by “trivial” imagery, which are images that were not made with an artistic purpose in mind. These images are often what jumpstarts his artworks; there is no scenario or narrative prior.Van Nuenen usually does not work with his own imagery but salvages the images that fascinate him and builds his computer animations with these. These animations are built and shown on Van Nuenen’s own hardware and software. Even though Van Nuenen does not work with a preexisting narrative, the narration often unfolds itself in the same direction, though, which often focuses on society’s rigid and mechanic components that keep the gears of this machinal society turning. The perfect way to resist this rigid system is to make art, according to Van Nuenen. Due to his skilful salvaging of images, he has been named the “master of recycling” by Dutch art journalist Sandra Smallenburg. Works Some of Van Nuenen's works include: Optimizer Customizer (2002), a 12-minute long 2D animation video made with pre-existing images and sounds that are composed to show a feminine machine that runs on money. Inside her is a factory that endlessly repeats its tasks.When one task within this system malfunctions, a chain-reaction which rapidly destroys the system follows. This is Van Nuenen's first video animation. Seeing Bush Through the Trees (2003), a 2-minute long video in which logos of multinational companies are collaged to create a distorted portrait of George W. Bush. Lame Yard (2003), a 2-minute two-channel video installation. Each channel shows a 2D computer animation of symmetric landscapes that become more and more chaotic until an almost abstract world is all that remains. SET-4 (2003), a 4-minute long video using footage from various sports competitions, including table tennis, volleyball and springboard diving. The footage and accompanying sounds are digitally manipulated by Van Nuenen to create a noisy composition.Warning, Petroleum Pipeline (2004), a 4-minute long animated video in which a desert landscape slowly transforms into a futuristic industrialized world in which neither a landscape nor a machine can be recognized anymore. Aux Raus - Rasthof Deutschland (2007), a 3-minute long music video for the Dutch gabber-punk band Aux Raus. Battle of the Plants (2007), an 8-minute long video installation shown in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. A system of skeletons and plants slowly take over the building they are projected upon. Evolizer (2007), an 11-minute long animated video showing figures moving around in a black and white city, one of these figures carries a box. This box opens up and reveals a colourful world in which organisms seem to struggle for survival. Van Nuenen received support from Ruveanne Gerrissen for the animations.The sound for this video is created by Aux Raus, Sanne Groeneveld, Studio Gnocci and Roderick Hietbrink. Physics Distorter (2009), a real-time computer simulation of falling and colliding objects projected on a building. The audience could control the direction of these objects through a wireless globe. Deep Sea Paradiso (2010), an 8-minute video installation shown in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The video shows the rise and fall of the tides. The fall of the tides causes the creatures in the sea to disappear. New creatures are created when the tide rises again.nAnOnAnD (2011), a hand-made, cheap and patchable sound synthesizer. The building instructions for this synthesizer are available for free on the artist's website. Hit Others (2013), a free video game created by Van Nuenen, musician Bastiaan Bosma and the Dutch band Bullerslug. The game is no longer available online. The Origin of Creepers (2017), a real-time computer simulation of a fictional ecosystem projected on a forest on Vlieland. The ecosystem is made up by hoards of creatures who battle each other for food and habitat. These creatures are becoming better at adapting to their surroundings and reproduce quickly.The public can stop creatures from taking over the ecosystem by producing loud noise. Exhibitions and awards Group exhibitions 2002, Academie Awards, Showroom Mama, Rotterdam (Netherlands). 2002, KunstXpress, Rotterdam (Netherlands). 2003, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, Santiago (Chile). 2004, SMS XL, Showroom Mama, Rotterdam (Netherlands). 2004, Videozone 2, Centre of Contemporary Art, Tel Aviv (Israel). 2004, La Sapienza, Laboratory Museum of Contemporary Art, Rome (Italy).2004, Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst, Leipzig (Germany). 2005, Close Encounters, Artoteek Den Haag, Den Haag (Netherlands). 2005, assume vivid astro focus, Tate Liverpool, Liverpool (United Kingdom). 2006, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Bucharest (Romania). 2006, Next Level. Art, Games & Reality, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam (Netherlands). 2006, This is America: Viisies op de Amerikaanse Droom, Centraal Museum, Utrecht (Netherlands).2006, Maverick Convention, Gallery Majke Hüsstege, Den Bosch (Netherlands). 2006, His Life is Full of Miracles, Site Gallery, Sheffield (United Kingdom). 2006, Met Stip, Gem Den Haag, Den Haag (Netherlands). 2007, Municipal Gallery Arsenal, Poznań (Poland). 2007, MiArt, Milan (Italy). 2007, TENT, Rotterdam (Netherlands). 2008, Ecoscape, TENT, Rotterdam (Netherlands).2008, Filtered Gallery, Club11, Amsterdam (Netherlands). 2008, ReSort Off, Design Museum Den Bosch, Den Bosch (Netherlands). 2008, Gallery Henze & Ketterer, Bern (Germany). 2009, Transmediale Art Festival at C-Base, PLANETART, Berlin (Germany). 2009, Transformations, MK Gallery, Berlin (Germany). 2009, Transformations, MK Gallery, Rotterdam (Netherlands). 2009, Ned 2, Museum Gouda, Gouda, (Netherlands).2009, Gaga Arts Centre, New York (United States). 2009, Kunstenlab, Deventer (Netherlands). 2010, Hara Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo (Japan). 2010, The Mediagate, Galeria NT, Lodz (Poland). 2010, OneDotZero, London (United Kingdom). 2011, Attraction of the Opposites, Cucosa, Rotterdam (Netherlands). 2012, The Kids are All right, Kunsthal, Rotterdam (Netherlands).2012, Game City, CBK, Den Bosch (Netherlands). 2013, Route du Nord, Rotterdam (Netherlands). 2013, Game-City, TETEM Kunstruimte, Enschede (Netherlands). Solo exhibitions 2007, W139, Amsterdam (Netherlands). 2008, Alexandria Contemporary Art Forum, Alexandria (Egypt). Awards 2002, Teek, Breda (Netherlands), award ‘public price’ for Optimizer Customizer. 2003, Shorts!, Amsterdam (Netherlands), award ‘digital’ for Optimizer Customizer.References 1978 births Living people AKV St. Joost alumni 20th-century Dutch male artists 21st-century Dutch male artists

Filipe Morais

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<mask> (born 21 November 1985) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a winger. <mask> began his career at Chelsea, progressing through the youth system before signing a professional deal in 2005. Having made no first-team appearances for Chelsea, <mask> was loaned out to Milton Keynes Dons in January 2006, spending the remainder of the 2005–06 campaign with the League One side. Ahead of the 2006–07 season, Morais joined Millwall on a free transfer. He spent half a season playing for Millwall, before joining St Johnstone on loan until the end of the season. <mask> was released by Millwall on returning to the club, and subsequently signed for SPL club Hibernian on a free transfer in July 2007. He spent one-and-a-half years at the club, before signing for Inverness Caledonian Thistle in January 2009.He rejoined St Johnstone in the summer of 2009, and spent the 2009–10 campaign playing regularly for the club. Morais returned to England for the 2010–11 season, signing for Oldham Athletic in October 2010. In July 2012, he left Oldham and signed for Stevenage on a free transfer and has since turned out for Bradford City and Bolton Wanderers. Morais joined Crawley Town in July 2018. In September 2019, Morais rejoined former club Oldham Athletic on a season-long loan deal. In December 2020 he joined Grimsby Town but was omitted from the squad after an altercation with teammate Stefan Payne during a game against one of Morais' former sides, Bradford. Morais was released and eventually announced his retirement in December 2021.Club career <mask> started his career at Chelsea, joining the club's academy at the age of 16. Morais played in manager José Mourinho's first game in-charge, coming on as an 83rd-minute substitute in a pre-season friendly against Oxford United in July 2004. A year after joining the club, having played regularly for the club's U18 side, <mask> signed his first professional contract, signing a one-year deal with Chelsea in the summer of 2005. Having made no first-team appearances for Chelsea, <mask> was loaned out to League One side Milton Keynes Dons in January 2006, joining the club on an initial one-month loan deal. He made his debut in a 1–0 victory over Nottingham Forest on 31 January 2006, coming on as a second-half substitute in the match. He went on to play three more times for the club during the brief loan agreement, making his first professional start in a convincing 3–0 win against Blackpool. The loan deal was extended in February 2006, with Morais remaining at MK Dons for the remainder of the 2005–06 season.He made 13 appearances for the club, before returning to his parent club in May 2006. Millwall Despite being offered a one-year contract extension at Chelsea in June 2006, Morais opted to leave the club, stating he did not believe he was ever going to play first-team football. Shortly after leaving Chelsea, Morais joined Millwall on a free transfer, signing a two-year deal with the club. He attracted the interest of Millwall manager Nigel Spackman after Spackman had watched Morais play for MK Dons the previous season. Morais made his Millwall debut on the opening day of the 2006–07 season, playing the first 79 minutes in a 1–1 draw with Yeovil Town at The Den. He was ever-present during the first two months of the campaign, playing in the club's first eight fixtures. However, after Spackman left Millwall in September 2006, Morais played just once in two months — starting in a 2–0 win over AFC Bournemouth in the Football League Trophy on 31 October 2006.He briefly returned to first-team action throughout December 2006, scoring his first professional goal in a 2–0 home win over Bradford City. He made 16 appearances for Millwall in all competitions, scoring one goal. St Johnstone A month later, in January 2007, Morais joined Scottish First Division club St Johnstone on loan until the end of the season. St Johnstone manager Owen Coyle stated Morais' former Millwall teammate, Derek McInnes, had recommended Coyle sign the player. He made his debut for St Johnstone a day after signing, on 20 January 2007, coming on as a 60th-minute substitute in a 4–3 victory over Airdrie United. Morais played regularly during his loan spell, scoring his only goal for the club in a 4–2 win over Hamilton Academical at McDiarmid Park, coming on as an 82nd-minute substitute in the match and scoring St Johnstone's fourth goal two minutes later. He was sent-off for the first time in his career in St Johnstone's 2–0 away win over Gretna in April 2007, receiving the red card for two bookable offences.Morais made 16 appearances during his five-month loan spell, scoring once, as St Johnstone narrowly missed out on promotion to the SPL. He returned to Millwall in May 2007. Despite being told he featured in Millwall's long-term plans prior to his loan move to St Johnstone, the club told him he was free to look for a new club ahead of the 2007–08 season. Hibernian Morais subsequently went on trial with SPL club Hibernian in July 2007, playing in the club's 1–0 friendly victory over Middlesbrough. Shortly after the match, it was announced that Morais had signed for the Edinburgh side on a permanent basis, joining on a free transfer and on a two-year contract. Hibs' manager John Collins stated he signed Morais after he came "very highly recommended by contacts at Chelsea". Morais made his Hibs debut in the club's first game of the season, appearing as a 75th-minute substitute in a 1–0 away victory over rivals Hearts.He opened his goalscoring account for Hibs in only his second start, scoring with a neat finish from twelve yards in a 2–1 win against Queen's Park on 28 August 2007. Morais played 32 times for the club during the 2007–08 campaign, scoring twice — with his other goal coming in a 2–0 win over Kilmarnock at Easter Road in March 2008. During the season, Morais was sent-off twice, which resulted in his, and the team's, discipline coming under scrutiny. He remained at Hibernian for the 2008–09 season, and played in the side's first game of the campaign, a 2–0 home defeat to IF Elfsborg in the UEFA Intertoto Cup on 6 July 2008. After playing in four of Hibernian's first five games, Morais did not appear for the club again after he was substituted at half-time during a Scottish League Cup defeat by Greenock Morton in August 2008. In December 2008, Morais was fined £500 by Edinburgh Sheriff Court after he was found guilty of assaulting a doorman at an Edinburgh casino. Hibs also fined Morais for the assault, as well as turning up late for a match.During his 18 months at Hibernian, Morais made 36 appearances in all competitions, scoring two times. Inverness Caledonian Thistle In January 2009, Morais left Hibernian by mutual consent, subsequently allowing him to sign for fellow SPL club Inverness Caledonian Thistle on a free transfer. He signed a contract for the remainder of the 2008–09 season. He played his first game for Inverness a day after his signing was announced, scoring twice as Inverness progressed past Partick Thistle in the Scottish Cup. After the match, Inverness manager Craig Brewster stated he was "delighted" with Morais' quality, and that his "pace and quality on the ball gave the team a spark". He also scored both of Inverness' goals in a 2–1 home victory against St Mirren in April 2009, a performance that earned him the SPL Player of the Week award. He scored his fifth goal for Inverness in a 2–2 draw away at Motherwell, netting with a low "drilled" effort to restore parity in a match where relegation threatened Inverness were denied an important victory by a late Motherwell equaliser.He featured regularly for Inverness during the second half of the campaign, playing 14 times and scoring five goals. Despite Morais' individual success, Inverness were relegated to the Scottish First Division after finishing bottom on goal difference. He left the club when his contract expired in June 2009, rejecting their offer of a new contract. Return to St Johnstone In July 2009, Morais rejoined newly promoted SPL side St Johnstone on a one-year deal following a successful trial — he had previously spent time on loan with the club during the 2006–07 season. The move reunited Morais with manager Derek McInnes, who he had played alongside at both Millwall and St Johnstone, with McInnes playing a pivotal part in Morais initially moving to Scotland. He stated that another key reason behind joining the club was their top tier status, although admitted it was a "tough decision" to leave Inverness, which was why the move took several weeks to be finalised. He started in the club's first game of the season, a 5–0 win over Stenhousemuir.He scored his first goal of the season three weeks later, netting from 30 yards in a 6–0 victory against Arbroath in the Scottish League Cup. Morais scored three times during the season, his two other goals coming in 1–1 draws against Hamilton and Falkirk respectively. He played 36 games for St Johnstone throughout the 2009–10 campaign, with the club reaching the semi-final of the Scottish League Cup, as well as retaining their SPL status in their first season back in the top flight. At the end of the season, Morais rejected the offer of a contract extension at McDiarmid Park, citing a desire to return to England. Oldham Athletic In July 2010, Morais went on trial with Brighton & Hove Albion, and featured in their 3–2 friendly defeat to Eastbourne Borough at Priory Lane. However, no move materialised and Morais continued to search for a club. In October 2010, Morais joined League One club Oldham Athletic on non-contract terms, making his debut as a second-half substitute the next day, in a 4–2 victory over Plymouth Argyle.After just two first-team appearances for Oldham, Morais did not play again until January 2011, as a result of being sent-off in a reserve match and consequently having to serve a three-match ban. Despite this, Oldham manager Paul Dickov stated the club had offered Morais a permanent contract for the remainder of the season. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 win over Brentford at Boundary Park on 22 January 2011, scoring with a "drilled low shot" to double Oldham's advantage and put them on the edge of the play-off places. Three days later, he scored again, this time netting from the edge of the area in a 1–1 draw with Walsall. In February 2011, Oldham announced that Morais had signed a contract until the end of the season, with an option of a further year. His third goal of the season came in a 3–2 home loss to Sheffield Wednesday, with Morais' deflected effort reducing the deficit as Oldham trailed from two early goals. His season ended prematurely after he was sent-off in the club's home draw against Walsall in April 2011, with Morais being shown the red card for a challenge on Walsall's Jordan

Filipe Morais

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Cook.He made 23 appearances during the 2010–11 season, scoring three times. In May 2011, Oldham stated their desire to take up the option of a further year on Morais's contract, and in June confirmed he would be staying with the club for the 2011–12 season. Morais continued to be a regular figure in the side throughout the season, scoring his first goal in a 1–1 draw away to eventual champions Charlton Athletic in December 2011, netting with a shot from 20-yards to claim a "dramatic late equaliser". Two weeks later, on 31 December, he scored Oldham's second in a 3–2 comeback win over Notts County at Boundary Park. Morais also scored in games against Walsall and Scunthorpe United respectively, taking his goal tally to four for the season. In March 2012, Morais suffered heavy concussion in a car accident that took place as he drove to the club's ground ahead of a match against Rochdale. He was hospitalised as a result, and was discharged from hospital the following day.He returned to first-team action two weeks after the incident, coming on as a late substitute in a 1–0 loss to Notts County. Morais went on to score his fifth, and final, goal of the campaign in a 2–2 draw with relegation threatened Wycombe Wanderers, scoring with a 25-yard effort to give Oldham a brief lead. He scored five goals in 45 appearances during the season, as Oldham finished mid-table in League One. During his two seasons with the club, he made 68 appearances and scored eight times. Stevenage In July 2012, Morais rejected the offer of a contract extension at Oldham, and opted to sign for League One club Stevenage on a three-year contract. Morais made his Stevenage debut in a 3–1 home victory over AFC Wimbledon in the League Cup on 14 August 2012, playing the first 71 minutes of the club's opening match of the 2012–13 campaign. He scored his first two goals for the club in a 2–1 win against Portsmouth at Broadhall Way in October 2012.His first goal came when he headed in Lucas Akins' cross, before netting the winner in the second-half when his cross evaded everyone and found its way into the back of the net. <mask> scored his third goal of the season in Stevenage's 3–2 FA Cup defeat to Rotherham United at the New York Stadium on 3 November 2012, scoring the club's second goal with a first-time finish. In Stevenage's next match three days later, Morais scored his fourth goal in as many games; opening the scoring with a finish at the back post in an eventual 3–1 victory over Yeovil Town at Huish Park. However, injury would ultimately limit Morais to just eleven appearances during the second half of the season, and he ended the season having scored four times in 31 appearances. In the 2013–14 season, Morais switched from number 10 to number 7. In the opening game of the season, Morais scored against his former club, Oldham Athletic, which Stevenage lost 4–3, as his former club came back to haunt him. Shortly after, <mask> scored his second goal a few days later, converting from a penalty, in a 2–0 win over Ipswich Town, in the first round of the League Cup.As a result of his performance, Morais was linked a move away from Stevenage, as Championship clubs were keen to sign him and informed Manager Graham Westley he wanted to leave the club. The club tried to sell him on Deadline Day. However, no clubs step forward to make a bid for Morais. It presumed that Morais was dropped for seven games because of this despite being fit and made his return, where he came on as a substitute for Greg Tansey in the 56th minute, in a 1–0 loss against Coventry City. On his return, Morais scored from the penalty in a 2–1 win over Milton Keynes Dons in the second round of the Football League Trophy. Morais commented after the match, saying the game left him in good spirit. Two weeks later, on 22 October 2013, Morais scored a brace, in a 3–0 win over Crewe Alexandra.Then, on 12 November 2013, Morais scored another goal, also from a penalty spot, in a 3–2 win over Leyton Orient in the quarter-final of the Football League Trophy. <mask> scored from a penalty spot a month later, on 7 December 2013, in a 4–0 win over Stourbridge. Morais next goal came from a penalty spot on 14 January 2014, in a 2–0 win over Swindon Town. Morais was then sent-off after "for shoving the ball at Alex Wynter", in a 3–2 loss against Colchester United, which turned out to be his last appearance for the club and didn't play again for the rest of the season, as Stevenage finished twenty-fourth place, therefore relegated to League Two. However, Morais scored eight goals and made thirty-five appearances in all competitions. At the end of the season, on 6 May 2014, <mask> and Stevenage mutually agreed to terminate his contract. Bradford City After leaving Stevenage by mutual consent, Morais returned to playing in League One by joining Bradford City on a short-term deal, having previously been on trial at the club.Morais made his Bradford City debut on 19 August 2014, where he made his first start for the club, in a 3–1 away win over Crawley Town, which left Phil Parkinson impressed of his performance, describing as "excellent". After making two appearances by the end of August, Morais extended his contract at Bradford City until January 2015. In the first half of the season, Morais playing time minutes significantly decreased, as he usually came on as a substitute, including the time he sustained a damaged ligaments in his right shoulder during a 1–1 draw against Gillingham. Despite the damage, Morais made a return to action after missing a match. Morais started to play a huge role in the FA Cup when he scored two goals in the first two rounds against Halifax Town and Dartford. Morais then scored his first Bradford City league goal, in a 2–0 win over Fleetwood Town on 26 December 2014. Morais signed a two-year contract, expressing about his special bond with "the fans, the chairman, the manager, the backroom staff and the other lads".In the third round of the FA Cup, Morais made a double assist in separate match, which saw Bradford City beat Millwall 4–0 in the replay after the match went 3–3 draw, leading to a replay. Then, on 24 January 2015, Morais scored the equaliser as Bradford City of League One came from 0–2 down to win 4–2 away to his former club Chelsea in the fourth round of the FA Cup. After the match, Morais stated bravery played a role of Bradford City shocking win against his former club. Following the match, Morais then scored one goal in two games against Colchester United and Port Vale, which he also assisted during the game. Soon after, Morais sustained a knee injury that kept him out for four matches and made his return, in a 0–0 draw against Reading in the quarter final of the FA Cup. However, in the replay, Morais was sent-off in the 63rd minute after a high challenge on Nathaniel Chalobah. As a result, Morais had to serve three match after the high challenge incident.On 22 July 2015, it was announced that Morais had suffered a serious injury in pre-season training, ruling him out for the majority of the 2015–16 season. Bolton Wanderers On 2 February 2017, <mask> was re-united with his former Bradford manager Phil Parkinson at Bolton Wanderers and signed a contract with the Trotters until the summer of 2017. Morais provided four assists in a 4–0 win against Gillingham on 14 March, taking his tally of assists to nine in four games. Four days later, he scored the winner as Bolton beat Northampton Town 2–1 to go into second place in League One. Morais continued his form of assists and goals, which won him the March League One Player of the Month award, with 10 assists and two goals in March. Morias finished the season with 13 assists - the fourth most in League One that season, in only half a season - and two goals, helping Bolton to a second-placed finish, which was enough to see them get an instant return to the Championship. On 20 June, Morais signed a one-year extension to his contract, keeping him at the club until 2018.Bolton announced on 13 June 2018 that he would be leaving the club when his contract expired on 30 June. Crawley Town On 19 July 2018, Crawley Town announced that Morais had signed for the club on a three-year deal following his release from Bolton. He was subsequently reunited with former Bantams teammate Romain Vincelot, who also signed for the Sussex club on the same day. On the opening day of the 2018–19 campaign, <mask> went onto make his Crawley debut during their 1–0 away victory over Cheltenham Town, featuring for the entire 90 minutes. Following the departure of first-team manager, Harry Kewell, <mask> along with teammate Jimmy Smith, were appointed as joint caretaker managers indefinitely. Shortly after, Gabriele Cioffi was appointed as Crawley's manager. In September 2019, he joined Oldham Athletic on a season-long loan.He was released by Crawley on 6 October 2020. Grimsby Town On 11 December 2020, Morais was signed by Ian Holloway for Grimsby Town on an 18-month contract. The following 10 April, in a 1–0 loss to former team Bradford, he was headbutted by teammate Stefan Payne, who was sent off. Morais had reportedly berated Payne for not chasing down a pass which lead to the altercation New manager Paul Hurst then removed both players from the first team squad claiming neither would play for the club again. Following on from Grimsby's relegation from the Football League at the end of the 2020–21 season, Morais was deemed surplus to requirements and was transfer listed by manager Paul Hurst with the player being made available on a free transfer. Having not played in seven months and having not received a squad number for the 2021–22 season, <mask> was finally released from his contract by mutual consent on 24 November 2021. A week later he announced his retirement.International career Morais made two appearances for the Portugal U21 team. Personal life Morais was born in Benavente, Portugal. His parents, along with Morais, moved to Finchley, North London, when he was young. Career statistics Managerial statistics References External links 1985 births Living people People from Benavente, Portugal Bradford City A.F.C. players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Chelsea F.C. players Expatriate footballers in England Expatriate footballers in Scotland Association football wingers Hibernian F.C.players Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. players Millwall F.C. players Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players Portugal under-21 international footballers Portuguese expatriate footballers Portuguese footballers Scottish Football League players Scottish Premier League players St Johnstone F.C. players English Football League players Crawley Town F.C. players Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players Grimsby Town F.C.players Stevenage F.C. players Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in England Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in

Pietro Pinna Parpaglia

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<mask> (Pozzomaggiore, 12 January 1891 – 9 October 1966) was a general in the Royal Italian Air Force during World War II, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Regia Aeronautica from 1933 to 1939 and commander-in-chief of the Air Force in Italian East Africa from 1939 to 1941. Biography Early life and World War I He was born in Pozzomaggiore on January 12, 1891, to a family of landowners. He studied law and graduate in 1913; among his classmates were Palmiro Togliatti and Mario Berlinguer, future leaders of the Italian Communist Party. Shortly after graduation, he began his career in the Italian judiciary, but after the Kingdom of Italy entered World War I on 24 May 1915, he volunteered in the Royal Italian Army with the rank of second lieutenant, assigned to the 46th Field Artillery Regiment. In 1916 he was promoted to lieutenant for war merit, and applied to join the Air Force as a navigator. From the beginning of 1917 he was assigned to the 43rd Squadron, supporting the artillery of the 5th Group of the Third Army, equipped with Caudron G.3 aircraft; on 12 and 18 March 1917 he carried out two risky reconnaissance missions over Gorjansko and Kobjeglava. After promotion to captain, on 1 August 1917 he was assigned to the 72nd Fighter Squadron based in Ghedi and on 12 October 1917 he was transferred to the 120th Squadron of Castenedolo, flying SAML S.1 aircraft.On 3 December he assumed command of the 39th Squadron, based in Cà Tessera. On May 14, 1918, his unit, equipped with Savoia-Pomilio SP.3 and SAML aircraft, was transferred to the new Malcontenta airfield, with the task of assisting the firing of the artillery of the XXVIII Army Corps. The squadron also carried out bombing and reconnaissance missions, and launched propaganda leaflets on occupied Italian territories, until the end of hostilities, on November 4, 1918. By the end of the war <mask> <mask> commanded Fifth Air Group and had been awarded a Silver Medal of Military Valour and a Bronze Medal of Military Valour. In 1919, after obtaining a pilot license, he was given command of the 27th Squadron. Interwar years In 1923 he was transferred to the newly established Regia Aeronautica, rapidly climbing its hierarchy; he held the posts of Director of the Air Observation School, Chief of the Aeronautical Technical Consultant Office at the General Staff, and Technical Aeronautical Consultant at the Italian Delegation in Geneva. From October 1928 to September 1929 he was commander of the 2nd Wing, and after promotion to colonel in 1930, from 1 November 1931 to 31 October 1932 he commanded the 13th Wing.In 1933 he was promoted to Air Brigade General (equivalent to air commodore), and on 15 October of the same year he replaced General Francesco Pricolo in the position of Deputy Chief of Staff of the Regia Aeronautica. He held this position until December 1, 1939, when he was replaced by General Giuseppe Santoro, having meanwhile been promoted to Air Division General (equivalent to air vice marshal) in 1934. On 14 August 1936 he replaced General Mario Ajmone Cat as commander of the Italian East African Air Force Command, personally carrying out reconnaissance, bombing and strafing missions against Ethiopian guerrillas; for his ideation, planning and execution of an air assault that resulted in the occupation of Dembidolo on 11 November 1936, he was awarded another silver medal for military valor and promoted to Air Fleet General (equivalent to air marshal). On 4 December of the same year he was replaced by General Aurelio Liotta as commander-in-chief of the Regia Aeronautica in East Africa, and repatriated, returning to his office as Deputy Chief of Staff. In 1939 he became Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, and in December of the same year he returned again to Italian East Africa as commander of the air forces present in that theatre, replacing General Gennaro Tedeschini Lalli. His headquarters were located in Addis Ababa. World War II and later years On June 10, 1940, Italy entered World War II, and <mask> <mask> commanded the forces of the Regia Aeronautica of the Empire during the subsequent East African campaign.His forces at the start of the war numbered 325 aircraft of all types, including 244 bombers, 69 fighters, 25 transport aircraft, and thirteen reconnaissance aircraft; only 183, however, were combat ready (142 bombers, thirty-six fighters, and nine reconnaissance planes), and their use was hampered by limited fuel and ammunition reserves and lack of spare parts. Most models were obsolete, with only twelve bombers and twenty-four fighters belonging to modern types. With these meager forces, <mask> was tasked with the air defence of an area six times the size of the Italian homeland, as well as with conducting offensive operations against British airfields, ports and naval units at sea. By the spring of 1941, <mask>'s forces had been effectively annihilated; in April he left Addis Ababa and followed the Duke of Aosta to the mountain redoubt of Amba Alagi, where his remaining men fought as infantry. After a weeks-long siege, he was captured by the British along with the Duke and Generals Marino Valletti-Borgnini, Luigi Frusci and Claudio Trezzani in May 1941. <mask> was then sent to India, at the Prem Nagar POW camp, eight miles east of Dehradun. On 20 December 1942 he was transferred to the United States and imprisoned at Camp Monticello, Arkansas.After the fall of Fascism (25 July 1943) and the Armistice of Cassibile (8 September 1943), he wrote a letter to the President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt, inviting him to encourage the creation of combat units composed of former Italian prisoners of war, to be used against the now common German enemy. This initiative obtained the support of the mayor of New York Fiorello La Guardia, who had flown with <mask> during World War I. Due to his pro-Allied position, the Allies released <mask> and allowed him to return to Italy. On 27 January 1944 the Allied military government appointed him High Commissioner for Sardinia. He supervised the process of economic, political and social reconstruction of the island, and his initiatives included the establishment of the Cagliari trade fair and the construction of the Alghero airport. He was confirmed in the post during the Parri government and the first five De Gasperi governments, remaining in office until May 28, 1949, when the first elections of the Regional Council were held. The appointment as High Commissioner automatically made him a member of the National Council.During 1949 he was recalled to military service as Director General of Civil Aviation and Air Traffic and, in 1953, he became Councilor of State until 1961, when he retired with the rank of President of jurisdictional section. He retired to his hometown of Pozzomaggiore, where he spent the last six years of his life, passing away on 9 October 1966. References 1891 births 1966 deaths Italian generals Italian military personnel of World War I Italian military personnel of World War II Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor

Thomas Bullene Woodward

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<mask><mask> is an Episcopal priest in the Diocese of the Rio Grande, Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he lives with his wife Ann. <mask> was a steering committee member of "The Episcopal Majority", an organization within the Episcopal Church created to counter the attacks upon the church from various self-styled orthodox groups. In 2006, <mask> was appointed to the Executive Council’s Committee on the Status of Women and then elected as Secretary. He was recently the Priest in charge of St. Paul's Peace Church, a joint Episcopal and Lutheran church in Las Vegas, New Mexico. <mask> served The Episcopal Church over two decades as university chaplain at several campuses, including the University of Kansas, Missouri State University in Warrensburg, the University of Rochester, the University of North Carolina and the University of Wisconsin in Madison. He served as rector of Christ Church, Warrensburg and of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Salinas, California, which was John Steinbeck's parish church. While serving in Salinas, he was awarded The Ben Heller Award for Courage and Leadership in Service to the Farmworker Community and The Bishop's Cross from the Episcopal Diocese of El Camino Real for his leadership in shepherding the diocese through a difficult time.In 1982 he led his congregation in Madison, Wisconsin in their becoming the first Episcopal Church in the country to provide public sanctuary to political refugees from El Salvador and Guatemala, all captured in the PBS documentary, "The New Underground Railroad." Earlier he had been arrested for his part in a civil rights demonstration at the University of Kansas (1965) and then arrested again in Rochester, New York while providing pastoral care for university students involved in a protest against the war in Viet Nam. For the past 35 years, Tom has had a parallel career as a street performer, presenting his one-man show, "Uncle Billy's Pocket Circus," consisting of fire eating, juggling, magic and mime in nearly every state of the U.S. as well as overseas and in South America. As an extension of that vocation, while in Madison, Wisconsin he organized "The Care Fools," a clown troupe of disabled men and women who entertained in hospitals, nursing homes, parades, and university campuses. A high point in his career was performing as the banquet entertainment at a National Convention of the International Jugglers' Association. He has written two books for Seabury Press, Turning Things Upside Down and To Celebrate, and more recently The Undermining of the Episcopal Church, published by The Episcopal Majority. His articles have appeared in Modern Liturgy, The Witness Magazine, The Covenant Journal, Red Rubber Noses and The London Times on-line edition.His "The Parables of Jesus from the Inside," first published by The Sewanee Theological Review, is currently being expanded into a book. His "The Case for Luke's Gospel Having Been Written by a Woman" is in the process of being published in a theological journal. He and Max McGuire, writer for the NRA and Conservative-Daily, are currently co-authoring a book, "A Tea Party Guy and a Left Wing Social Activist Walk Into a Bar. . .," which focuses on the respect each has shown the other in over two years of engagement over political hot button issues. In the past several years, seven of his fifteen-minute plays have been produced by The Santa Fe Playhouse in their annual Benchwarmer series. One of those plays, Body and Soul, served as the Keynote Event at a recent national convention of psychotherapists. His latest play, I'll Have What He's Having, was produced in Santa Fe by Ironweed Productions.Recently, <mask> collaborated as librettist with Daniel Steven Crafts, the originator of a new genre of opera called "Gonzo Opera," in the creation of two operas in that genre, "And the Winner Is. ." and "All the Right Moves." The characteristics of Gonzo Opera include music that is both melodious and memorable, a libretto that is comic and often satirical, and production values that make it possible to produce the operas simply and inexpensively—all in the service of appealing to young people from the ages of 25 to 45 years old who normally do not attend traditional operas. Selections from "And the Winner Is . . " were performed at the Abiquiu Chamber Music Festival in 2012 and was later sung in part in Hood River, Oregon and in Berkeley, California in November 2013. The full opera debuted at The Cell Theater in Albuquerque in June 2017. "All the Right Moves" will debut at The Cell in 2018. Tom and his wife, Ann, have five children—<mask><mask>, Jr., Jennifer R. Gibson, Joy P. Williams, <mask>. Cunningham and David C. Cunningham as well as seven grandchildren (Allison Blackburn, Taylar <mask>, Tristan Cunningham, Austin Paul, Emma Gibson, and Guy and Owen Williams). Publications ...To celebrate;: ...explorations and discoveries in Christian learning for families in the home...children in the church school...the congregation in the family service, <mask><mask>, Seabury Press, 1973, Turning things upside-down: A theological workbook, <mask><mask>, Seabury Press, 1975, So, What's Up with Eliot?, The Richest Man in Santa Fe, Body and Soul, "And the Winner Is...", "The Smedleys Are Here", "Xenaphobia," and "Funny You Should Ask" seven one act plays produced at The Santa Fe Playhouse. "I'll Have What He's Having," a 15-minute play, produced by Ironweed Productions in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In collaboration with composer Daniel Steven Crafts, two Gonzo Operas: "And the Winner Is . ." composed by Daniel Steven Crafts with libretto by <mask>, debuting in Albuquerque, June 2016. "All the Right Moves" composed by Daniel Steven Crafts with libretto by <mask>, debuting in Albuquerque in 2017. References External links <mask> blog <mask> contributor American Episcopal priests Living people Year of birth missing (living people) People from Santa Fe, New Mexico University and college chaplains in America

Nino Rota

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<mask> (; 3 December 1911 – 10 April 1979), better known as <mask> (), was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of Franco Zeffirelli's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather trilogy, earning the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Godfather Part II (1974). During his long career, <mask> was an extraordinarily prolific composer, especially of music for the cinema. He wrote more than 150 scores for Italian and international productions from the 1930s until his death in 1979 — an average of three scores each year over a 46-year period, and in his most productive period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s he wrote as many as ten scores every year, and sometimes more, with a remarkable thirteen film scores to his credit in 1954. Alongside this great body of film work, he composed ten operas, five ballets and dozens of other orchestral, choral and chamber works, the best known being his string concerto. He also composed the music for many theatre productions by Visconti, Zeffirelli and Eduardo De Filippo as well as maintaining a long teaching career at the Liceo Musicale in Bari, Italy, where he was the director for almost 30 years. Early career <mask> was born <mask> on 3 December 1911, into a musical family in Milan, Italy.<mask> was a renowned child prodigy — his first oratorio, L'infanzia di San Giovanni Battista, was written at age 11 and performed in Milan and Paris as early as 1923; his three-act lyrical comedy after Hans Christian Andersen, Il Principe Porcaro, was composed when he was just 13 and published in 1926. He studied at the Milan conservatory there under Giacomo Orefice and then undertook serious study of composition under Ildebrando Pizzetti and Alfredo Casella at the Conservatorio Santa Cecilia in Rome, graduating in 1930. Encouraged by Arturo Toscanini, <mask> moved to the United States where he lived from 1930 to 1932. He won a scholarship to the Curtis Institute of Philadelphia, where he was taught conducting by Fritz Reiner and had Rosario Scalero as an instructor in composition. Returning to Milan, he wrote a thesis on the Renaissance composer Gioseffo Zarlino. <mask> earned a degree in literature from the University of Milan, graduating in 1937, and began a teaching career that led to the directorship of the Liceo Musicale in Bari, a title he held from 1950 until 1978. Film scores <mask> <mask> wrote the score for the film The Glass Mountain in 1949. Notable was the singing of Tito Gobbi.The film won a number of awards. In his entry on <mask> in the 1988 edition of The Concise Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Composers and Musicians, music scholar Nicolas Slonimsky described him as "brilliant" and stated that his musical style: Furthermore, one of his compositional habits in particular came up for disapproving remarks: his penchant for pastiche of various past styles, which quite often turned into outright quotation of his own earlier music or even others' music. One of the most noticed examples of such incorporation is his use of the Larghetto from Dvorák's Serenade for Strings in E major as a theme for a character in Fellini's La Strada. During the 1940s, <mask> composed scores for more than 32 films, including Renato Castellani's (1944). His association with Fellini began with Lo sceicco bianco (The White Sheik) (1952), followed by I vitelloni (1953) and La strada (The Road) (1954). They continued to work together for decades, and Fellini recalled: The relationship between Fellini and <mask> was so strong that even at Fellini's funeral Giulietta Masina, Fellini's wife, asked trumpeter Mauro Maur to play <mask>'s Improvviso dell'Angelo in the Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome. <mask>'s score for Fellini's 8½ (1963) is often cited as one of the factors which makes the film cohesive.His score for Fellini's Juliet of the Spirits (1965) included a collaboration with Eugene Walter on the song, "Go Milk the Moon" (cut from the final version of the film), and they teamed again for the song "What Is a Youth? ", part of <mask>'s score for Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet. The American Film Institute ranked <mask>'s score for The Godfather number 5 on their list of the greatest film scores. After being nominated for an Academy Award for this score, the nomination was later revoked when it was discovered that <mask> recycled a theme from a previous score, one he wrote two decades prior for the film Fortunella and thus no longer considered original despite being played differently. The nomination was then given to the film Sleuth , while Charlie Chaplin and two co-authors for their score featured in Limelight, a 21-year-old film that had just become eligible because it had not been screened in Los Angeles until 1972, went on to win the award. He went on to win an Oscar for his score for The Godfather Part II. His score for War and Peace was also nominated for the list.In all, <mask> wrote scores to more than 150 films. Orchestral, chamber and choral music <mask> wrote numerous concerti and other orchestral works as well as piano, chamber and choral music, much of which has been recorded and released on CD. After his death from heart failure in 1979, <mask>'s music was the subject of Hal Willner's 1981 tribute album Amarcord Nino Rota, which featured several at the time relatively unknown but now famous jazz musicians. Gus Van Sant used some of <mask>'s music in his 2007 film Paranoid Park and director Michael Winterbottom used several <mask> selections in the 2005 film Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story. Danny Elfman frequently cites <mask> <mask> as a major influence (particularly on his scores for the Pee-Wee films). Director Mario Monicelli filmed a documentary Un amico magico: il maestro Nino Rota which featured interviews with Franco Zeffirelli and Riccardo Muti (a student under <mask> at Bari Conservatory), and was followed by a German documentary Nino Rota - Un maestro della musica. Both explored film and concert sides of the composer.Operas His 1955 opera Il cappello di paglia di Firenze (The Florentine Straw Hat) is an adaptation of the play by Eugène Labiche and was presented by the Santa Fe Opera in 1977. In 2005 his opera Aladino e la lampada magica (Aladdin and the Magical Lamp), with Cosmin Ifrim in the title role, was performed in German translation at the Vienna State Opera and released on DVD. Il cappello di paglia di Firenze and Aladino e la lampada magica are regularly staged in Europe as are many symphonic and chamber titles Written for a radio production by RAI in 1950, his short opera, I due timidi (The Two Timid Ones), was presented by the Santa Fe Opera as part of their pre-season "One-Hour Opera" program in May/June 2008. Personal life and death <mask> had one daughter, <mask>, from a relationship with pianist Magda Longari. He died on 10 April 1979, aged 67, from a coronary thrombosis in Rome. Quotations Federico Fellini recalls his first chance meeting with <mask>: "Outside Cinecittà, I noticed a funny little man waiting in the wrong place for the tram. He seemed happily oblivious of everything.I felt compelled... to wait with him... I was certain that the tram would stop in its regular place and we would have to run for it, and he was equally certain it would stop where he was standing... To my surprise, the tram did stop right in front of us." A critic conversing with <mask> <mask> at the age of eleven just prior to a performance of his oratorio, The Childhood of St. John the Baptist, in 1923: Critic: "Do you like playing?" <mask>: "Whenever I can ... Is it hard to write for a newspaper?" Critic: "It's not easy to do a good article" <mask>: "Have you come from Brussels specially to hear my oratorio?" Critic: "I certainly have, my little friend." <mask>: "That's really funny.I won't be conducting it tonight. Yesterday the double bass snubbed me" On his friendship with Igor Stravinsky: "Stravinsky was fun; his mind struck sparks. Age was no barrier - ours became a true friendship, despite distance and meeting ever more rarely." <mask> <mask> reflecting on the unhappiness of others: "When I'm creating at the piano, I tend to feel happy; but - the eternal dilemma - how can we be happy amid the unhappiness of others? I'd do everything I could to give everyone a moment of happiness. That's what's at the heart of my music." Federico Fellini on <mask> <mask>: "He was someone who had a rare quality belonging to the world of intuition.Just like children, simple men, sensitive people, innocent people, he would suddenly say dazzling things. As soon as he arrived, stress disappeared, everything turned into a festive atmosphere; the movie entered a joyful, serene, fantastic period, a new life." Works Discography References Further reading Kennedy, Michael (2006), The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 985 pages, Richard Dyer. <mask> <mask>: Music, Film, and Feeling. New York: Palgrave and Macmillan (on behalf of the British Film Institute), 2010. Franco Sciannameo. <mask> <mask>'s The Godfather Trilogy: A Film Score Guide.Scarecrow Press, 2010. John Simon. The Other Rota. The New Criterion, Vol. 34, No. 10 / June 2016 External links Schott Music profile 1911 births 1979 deaths 20th-century classical composers 20th-century Italian composers 20th-century Italian male musicians Conservatorio Santa Cecilia alumni Best Original Music BAFTA Award winners Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Composers for carillon Curtis Institute of Music alumni David di Donatello winners Deaths from coronary thrombosis Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Grammy Award winners Italian film score composers Italian male classical composers Italian male film score composers Musicians from Milan Nastro d'Argento winners

Michael Coleman (author)

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<mask> (born 12 May 1946) is a British author of children's and young adult fiction whose book, Weirdo's War, was shortlisted for the 1996 Carnegie Medal. One of his books, Net Bandits, has been adapted to film. <mask> is a published author of children's books and young adult books. Some of the published credits include Football Stories, The Ups and Downs of the Premier League (Foul Football), Flaming Olympics 2008 with Quiz Book. A native of Forest Gate in the London Borough of Newham, <mask> has written nearly a hundred books, including fifteen titles in the Angels FC series and five titles, The Cure, Going Straight, The Snog Log, Tag and Weirdo's War for "10 and older" readers. Biography <mask> was born in Forest Gate, a suburb in east London. Not long after he was born, his family moved a few miles east to Barking.At the time of his arrival, the area was just starting to recover from the damage it had received during World War II. He lived in a house on Bevan Avenue, named after Aneurin Bevan the architect of the National Health Service. He lived in that estate for 20 years. The area helped develop <mask>'s love of sport due to the oblong shaped lanes of grass leading up the estate, which could be used as mini-stadiums. He pretended to play at various sporting events of the time, e.g. the Melbourne Olympics of 1956, the soccer Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, and the games at Lords Cricket ground. He still has medals he won for being school champion in the 100m sprint and the long jump.As said by <mask> himself "My information series Foul Football tries to convey some of the magic I felt about the game of soccer by relating the weird and wonderful history of the game and the personalities it has seen over the years. On the fiction side, my series about a junior soccer team called Angels FC tries to bring out the humour and sheer fun that you’ll find at the heart of the game when it’s played by youngsters who don’t even know how to spell the word cynicism." <mask> had his first children's book published when he was 46 years of age. He has also said: "I didn't [want to become a writer] at first. I used to teach computer science at a university and my first book was a boring one about computers. I livened it up by putting a few jokes in. At the end I thought I'd try writing a few more things, but this time forgetting about the computers and concentrating on the jokes.After lots of failures I realised that youngsters enjoy jokes more than adults and started writing for them. Eighty books later, I'm still doing it...I write both fact and fiction. The Foul Football series are favourite fact books, simply because they're about football. On the fiction side, I'm just finishing a trilogy called The Bearkingdom. They're dark and scary, quite different to anything I've written before. Additional information His favourite footballer is Trevor Brooking - having been neighbours with him and versing his a couple of times as a child. He has a wife and four children.His favourite team is West Ham. Apart from sport, his favourite subjects at school were Maths and Physics. His favourite author is Enid Blyton, and his favourite illustrators are those of the Roy of the Rovers comic strip in the Tiger magazine. List of publications Picture books The Mum Who Was Made Of Money (Magi Publications) Lazy Ozzie (Magi Publications) Ridiculous! (Magi Publications) One, Two, Three, Oops! (Magi Publications) George and Sylvia: A Tale of True Love (Little Tiger Press) Hank The Clank (OUP) Hank Clanks Again (OUP) Hank Clanks Back (OUP) Young fiction Fizzy Hits the Headlines (Orchard Books) Fizzy Steals the Show (Orchard Books) Fizzy TV Star (Orchard Books) Fizzy in the Spotlight (Orchard Books) Angels FC series (all published by Orchard) Touchline Terror! Dirty Defending!Handball Horror! Gruesome Goalkeeping! Midfield Madness! Goal Greedy! Frightful Fouls! Dazzling Dribbling! Fearsome Free-Kicks!Awesome Attacking! Wicked Wingers! Shocking Shooting Suffering Substitutes! Crafty Coaching! Junior fiction Triv in Pursuit (The Bodley Head and Red Fox) Gizzmo Lewis, Fairly Secret Agent (Random House and Red Fox) Lexy Boyd and the Spadewell Sparklers (Random House and Red Fox) Madame Retsmah Predicts (Scholastic Publications) Shoot, Dad! (Scholastic) Danger Signs (Barrington Stoke) The Bearkingdom Trilogy (Orchard Books) The Howling Tower The Fighting Pit The Hunting Forest Older fiction Weirdo's War (Orchard Books); and as Barjo (Editions Rouergue, France) Tag (Orchard Books) Going Straight (Orchard Books); and as On The Run (USA), Filer Droit (Editions Rouergue, France) The Snog Log (Orchard Books and Marshall Cavendish, USA) The Cure (Orchard Books) Non-Fiction (all Scholastic) Flaming Olympics Flaming Olympics Quiz Book Top Ten Bible Stories Top Ten Fairy Stories Crashing Computers The Foul Football Series (Scholastic) Foul Football Wicked World Cup Furious Euros Come On, England! The Ups and Downs of the Premier League Phenomenal FA Cup Legendary Leagues Prize Players Triumphant Teams Even Fouler Football Ultimate Fan's handbook Kickin' Quiz Book The World Cup Quiz Book Internet Detectives (Macmillan Children's Books) Net Bandits Escape Key Speed Surf Cyber Feud System Crash Web Trap Virus Attack (with Alan Frewin Jones) Access Denied (with Alan Frewin Jones) Junior fiction written as 'Fiona Kelly' Mystery Kids 3: Treasure Hunt (Hodder Children's Books) Mystery Kids 6: Funny Money (Hodder Children's Books) Mystery Kids 9: Wrong Number (Hodder Children's Books) Older fiction for low-reading-age children Double Trouble (Learning Development Aids) Grounds for Suspicion/Race against Time (10 minute thrillers) (Learning Development Aids) Thrilling Comprehension Support material for use with 5 & 10 minute Thrillers (Learning Development Aids) References External links <mask> Cole information page at Orchard Books <mask> Coleman: Questions and Answers.Scholastic. Retrieved 23 December 2013. Author Profiles; <mask> Q&A Session. The Word Pool. 1946 births Living people English children's writers

Pierre Choderlos de Laclos

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<mask> (; 18 October 1741 – 5 September 1803) was a French novelist, official, Freemason and army general, best known for writing the epistolary novel Les Liaisons dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons) (1782). A unique case in French literature, he was for a long time considered to be as scandalous a writer as the <mask> or <mask>ne. He was a military officer with no illusions about human relations, and an amateur writer; however, his initial plan was to "write a work which departed from the ordinary, which made a noise, and which would remain on earth after his death"; from this point of view he mostly attained his goals with the fame of his masterwork Les Liaisons dangereuses. It is one of the masterpieces of novelistic literature of the 18th century, which explores the amorous intrigues of the aristocracy. It has inspired many critical and analytic commentaries, plays and films. Biography Born in Amiens into a bourgeois family, in 1760 <mask> began studies at the École royale d'artillerie de La Fère, ancestor of the École Polytechnique. As a young lieutenant he briefly served in a garrison at La Rochelle until the end of the Seven Years' War (1763).Postings to Strasbourg (1765–1769), Grenoble (1769–1775) and Besançon (1775–1776) followed. In 1763 <mask> became a Freemason in "L'Union" military lodge in Toul. Despite a promotion to the rank of captain (1771), <mask> grew increasingly bored with his artillery garrison duties and with the company of soldiers; he began to devote his free time to writing. His first works, several light poems, appeared in the Almanach des Muses. Later he wrote the libretto for an opéra comique, Ernestine, inspired by a novel by Marie Jeanne Riccoboni. The music was composed by the <mask> Saint Georges. Its premiere on 19 July 1777, in the presence of Queen Marie Antoinette, proved a failure.In the same year he established a new artillery school in Valence, which would include Napoleon Bonaparte among its students in the mid 1780s. On his return to Besançon in 1778 <mask> was promoted second captain of the Engineers. In this period he wrote several works which showed his great admiration of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). In 1776 <mask> requested and received affiliation with the "Henri IV" lodge in Paris. There he helped Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans leading the Grand Orient of France. In 1777, in front of the Grand Orient's dignitaries, he delivered a speech in which he urged for the initiation of women into Freemasonry. In 1779 he was sent to Île-d'Aix (in present-day Charente-Maritime) to assist Marc René, marquis de Montalembert in the construction of fortifications there against the British.However, he spent most of his time writing his new epistolary novel, Les Liaisons dangereuses, as well as a Letter to Madame de Montalembert. When he asked for and received six months of vacation, he spent the time in Paris, writing. Durand Neveu published Les Liaisons Dangereuses in four volumes on 23 March 1782; it became a widespread success (1,000 copies sold in a month, an exceptional result for the time). <mask> was immediately ordered to return to his garrison in Brittany; in 1783 he was sent to La Rochelle to collaborate in the construction of the new arsenal. Here he met Marie-Soulange Duperré, whom he would marry on 3 May 1786, and remain with for the rest of his life. The following year, he began a project of numbering the streets of Paris. In 1788, <mask> left the army, entering the service of Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans, for whom, after the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, he carried forward with intense diplomatic activity.Captured by Republican ideals, he left the Duke to obtain a place as commissar in the Ministry of War. His reorganization has been credited as having a role in the French Revolutionary Army's victory in the Battle of Valmy (20 September 1792). Later, after the desertion (April 1793) of general Charles François Dumouriez, he was however arrested as an Orleaniste, being freed after the Thermidorian Reaction of 27 July 1794. He thenceforth spent some time in ballistic studies, which led him to the invention of the modern artillery shell. In 1795 he requested of the Committee of Public Safety reintegration in the army, a request which the Committee ignored. His attempts to obtain a diplomatic position and to found a bank also proved unsuccessful. Eventually, <mask> met the young general and recently appointed (November 1799) First Consul, Napoleon Bonaparte, and joined his party.On 16 January 1800 he was reinstated in the Army as Brigadier General in the Army of the Rhine; he took part in the Battle of Biberach (9 May 1800). Made commander-in-chief of Reserve Artillery in Italy (1803), <mask> died shortly afterward in the former convent of St. Francis of Assisi at Taranto, probably of dysentery and malaria. He was buried in the fort still bearing his name (Forte de <mask>) in the Isola di San Paolo near the city, built under his direction. Following the restoration of the House of Bourbon in southern Italy in 1815, his burial tomb was destroyed; it is believed that his bones were tossed into the sea. Bibliography Novels Les Liaisons dangereuses (1782) Poems Poésies fugitives (1783) Plays Ernestine (1777, opéra comique) Non-fiction Des Femmes et de leur éducation (1783) Folies philosophiques par un homme retiré du monde (1784) Instructions aux assemblées de bailliage (1789) Journal des amis de la Constitution (1790–1791) De la guerre et de la paix (1795) Continuation des causes secrètes de la révolution du neuf thermidor (1795) References Sources Further reading The Dangerous Memoir of Citizen Sade (2000) by A. C. H. Smith (A biographical novel, an account of the period of the Terror in the French Revolution, told by two writers who were incarcerated together and loathed each other: <mask> and the <mask> Sade.) External links 1741 births 1803 deaths Deaths from dysentery First French Empire French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars French generals French letter writers French military writers 18th-century French novelists Infectious disease deaths in Apulia Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars People from Amiens French Freemasons French male novelists Deaths from malaria 18th-century letter writers

Geno Ford

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Gene A. "<mask>" <mask> (born October 11, 1974) is an American college basketball coach and former college basketball player. He is currently the men's head coach for the Stony Brook Seawolves, a position he has held since 2019. He was previously the head coach at Shawnee State University, Muskingum University (then Muskingum College), Kent State University (2008–2011) and Bradley University (2011–2015). <mask> was an assistant coach at Ohio University, Kent State and Stony Brook. He was promoted to head coach at Stony Brook after serving on Jeff Boals' staff for three seasons. Before turning to coaching, <mask> was a prolific scorer in high school and in college at Ohio University.He graduated with the second-most points scored in Ohio high school basketball and the fourth-most points for the Ohio Bobcats. Playing career High school <mask> was a high school standout at Cambridge High School in Cambridge, Ohio, playing for his father, <mask>. In 1993, after his senior season, he was named Ohio's Mr. Basketball by the Associated Press. <mask> scored 2,680 points in high school, second-most in history at the time of his graduation and currently the fourth-most behind Jon Diebler (3,208 points), Luke Kennard (2,977 points) and Jay Burson (2,958), but higher than LeBron James (2,646). <mask> still holds the record for most free throws made in a season (288) and most career free throws (697) in Ohio high school boys' basketball. He was named to the All-Ohio Division II first team following both his junior and senior seasons and was also a two-time All-Eastern District Division II Player of the Year and two-time All-OVAC Class 4-A first team pick. In 2004, <mask> was named to the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference Hall of Fame.College <mask> played at Ohio University as a guard from 1993 to 1997, wearing No. 12. In four seasons with the Bobcats, <mask> averaged 14.2 points per game on 41.4 percent shooting. He led the Bobcats in scoring in both his junior and senior seasons, averaging 18.9 points per game in 1995–96 and 18.7 in 1996–97. <mask> was named to the All-MAC Second Team in 1996 and the All-MAC First Team in 1997. <mask> scored 1,752 points in college, graduating as the fourth-highest scorer of all time in Ohio Bobcats program history. He currently stands at sixth.<mask> started 113 games, breaking the program record at the time (currently fifth), while he also still ranks in the top 10 for three-pointers made and free throws made. <mask> currently holds the program record for most free throws made in a single game (19) on February 2, 1997, breaking the old record (17) which had stood for 42 years. Coaching career <mask> began his coaching career in 1998 as a graduate assistant at his alma mater Ohio University, and then promoted to a full-time assistant coaching position the next season, before becoming head coach at Shawnee State University of the NAIA in 2001. After one season at Shawnee State, he was hired as an assistant at Kent State under Jim Christian, where he coached for three seasons. In 2005, <mask> was hired as head coach at Muskingum College, now Muskingum University, of the NCAA Division III, where he coached for two seasons before returning to Kent State as an assistant. Kent State (2008–2011) <mask> was promoted to head coach at Kent State in 2008 following Christian's departure to TCU, and coached the Golden Flashes for three seasons. At Kent State, <mask> led the team to consecutive Mid-American Conference regular season titles in 2010 and 2011, winning MAC Coach of the Year both years.His teams at Kent State advanced to the postseason in each of his three seasons, playing in the 2009 CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament and the 2010 and 2011 National Invitation Tournaments. He finished with a record of 68–37 at Kent State, including 35–17 in MAC play. After the 2009–10 season, Kent State reached a five-year extension with Ford that increased his salary to $300,000 per year, making him the highest-paid basketball coach in the MAC. Bradley (2011–2015) <mask> left Kent State one year into the extension to become the head coach at Bradley University, where his salary increased to $700,000. Ford's teams at Bradley never finished above 7th in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC), advancing to post-season play in the 2013 CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament. He was relieved of his duties at the conclusion of an injury-riddled 2014–15 season, where the Braves finished 9–24 overall and 3–15 in the MVC. Ford's record at Bradley was 46–86 overall and 19–53 in MVC play.Contract breach lawsuit Kent State sued Ford for breach of contract in 2011, claiming that Ford owed Kent State the sum of his salary over the four remaining years, worth $1.2 million, as a buyout agreed to in his contract. Kent State rejected Bradley's offer of a single $400,000 payment and won the lawsuit in 2013, forcing Ford to pay his former employer $1.2 million. In 2015, Kent State filed a new lawsuit against Ford and Bradley for tortious interference of contract, indemnification, third-party beneficiary contract, fraudulent transfer and civil conspiracy. Stony Brook (2019–present) Following a year off as a college basketball analyst for ESPN3, Ford was hired in 2016 as an assistant for Stony Brook under head coach and his former Ohio teammate Jeff Boals. On March 17, 2019, Ford was named the interim head coach of Stony Brook after Boals resigned to accept the head coaching job at Ohio University. Ford's interim tag was removed on March 26, when Stony Brook announced his promotion as the fourth head coach in the school's Division I era. Ford's contract is for five years, running through the 2023–24 season, with the ability to negotiate an extension after the 2021–22 season.In Ford's first season, Stony Brook won 20 games for the eighth time in the last 11 seasons and finished in second place in the America East, their ninth top-2 finish over that time period. After defeating Albany in the America East quarterfinals, Stony Brook was upset 64–56 at home by Hartford in the semifinals to end their season at 20–13. Ford's second season at head coach saw Stony Brook finish 9–14. <mask> won his 200th game as a head coach on December 14 against Central Connecticut. Head coaching record *<mask> was named interim head coach on March 17, 2019, after Boals took the head coaching job at Ohio. In addition, <mask> holds a 5–5 postseason record as a Division I head coach (3–2 NIT, 0–1 CBI, 2–2 CIT). Personal life <mask> is married to his wife, Traci.He has two sons: Darin, who is the head coach at Mosley High School in Lynn Haven, Florida, and David. <mask>'s brother, Dustin, is the associate head coach at Akron and also played for Ohio from 1998 to 2001. References 1974 births Living people American men's basketball coaches American men's basketball players Basketball coaches from Ohio Basketball players from Ohio Bradley Braves men's basketball coaches College men's basketball head coaches in the United States Guards (basketball) Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball coaches Muskingum Fighting Muskies men's basketball coaches Ohio Bobcats men's basketball coaches Ohio Bobcats men's basketball players People from Cambridge, Ohio Place of birth missing (living people) Stony Brook Seawolves men's basketball coaches

Elaine Paige

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<mask> (née Bickerstaff; born 5 March 1948) is an English singer and actress, best known for her work in musical theatre. Raised in Barnet, Hertfordshire, <mask> attended the Aida Foster Theatre School, making her first professional appearance on stage in 1964, at the age of 16. Her appearance in the 1968 production of Hair marked her West End debut. Following a number of roles over the next decade, <mask> was selected to play Eva Perón in the first production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Evita in 1978, which brought her to the attention of the broader public. For this role, she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Performance of the Year in a musical. She originated the role of Grizabella in Cats and had a Top 10 hit with "Memory", a song from the show. In 1985, <mask> released "I Know Him So Well" with Barbara Dickson from the musical Chess, which remains the biggest-selling record by a female duo.She then appeared in the original stage production of Chess, followed by a starring role in Anything Goes which she also co-produced. <mask> made her Broadway debut in Sunset Boulevard in 1996, playing the lead role of Norma Desmond, to critical acclaim. She appeared in The King and I from 2000 to 2001, and six years later she returned to the West End stage in The Drowsy Chaperone. She has also worked sporadically in television. She is known for having a strange laugh. In addition to being nominated for five Laurence Olivier Awards, <mask> has won many other awards for her theatre roles and has been called the First Lady of British Musical Theatre due to her skill and longevity. She has released 22 solo albums, of which eight were consecutively certified gold and another four multi-platinum.<mask> is also featured on seven cast albums and has sung in concerts across the world. Since 2004 she has hosted her own show on BBC Radio 2 called <mask> on Sunday. In 2014, <mask> celebrated her 50 years in show business. <mask> announced on her official website a "Farewell" concert tour and a new career-spanning album The Ultimate Collection to mark this milestone in her career. Outside of her work in musical theatre, <mask> is a Vice-President of The Children's Trust, a UK charity for children with brain injury. Early life <mask> Bickerstaff was born and raised in Barnet, Hertfordshire, where her father Eric worked as an estate agent and her mother Irene was a milliner. Her mother had been a singer in her youth, and her father was an amateur drummer.<mask> stands at just under 5 feet (1.5 m) tall, which she says has caused her to lose out on leading roles. Her original ambition was to become a professional tennis player, at which point her headmistress pointed out to her "they'd never see you over the net", but <mask> continued to play tennis and has referred to the sport as one of her passions. At 14, <mask> listened to the film soundtrack of West Side Story, which evoked the desire for a career in musical theatre. <mask>'s musical ability was encouraged by her school music teacher, Ann Hill, who was also the head of the music department. <mask> was a member of Hill's choir, and her first role on stage was playing Susanna in a school production of Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro, which was followed by parts in The Boy Mozart and solos in Handel's Messiah – "a difficult work for little children". She attended Southaw Girls' School – a secondary modern in Oakleigh Park in Hertfordshire where she received two CSE qualifications. Her father suggested that she should go to drama school, so she attended the Aida Foster Theatre School.Lacking confidence, she initially disliked stage school; her father encouraged her to persevere and she grew to enjoy her time there. After graduating, her first job was modelling children's clothing at the Ideal Home Exhibition. Career 1968–1980: West End debut, new name and Evita <mask>'s first professional appearance happened when she was 16 years old, fresh from drama school. She was rejected in her first audition, singing "I Cain't Say No". Her drama school teacher encouraged her to change her name and audition again under the new name. Browsing through a phone book for inspiration, she became aware of the "page" she was observing and decided upon that name with the addition of an "i", becoming <mask>. She was successful in the second audition as <mask>, appearing on stage during the UK tour of the Anthony Newley/Leslie Bricusse musical The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd in 1964, playing the role of a Chinese urchin.In 1968 she appeared on record as a member of the vocal group Colors of Love, who released three Albert Hammond & Mike Hazlewood-penned singles, most notably "I'm a Train", on Larry Page's Page One label under the supervision of Alan Moorhouse. She was also part of the band Sparrow with fellow West End singer Diane Langton, releasing the album Hatching Out in 1972. At the age of 20, she made her West End debut in Hair on 27 September 1968, remaining in the cast until March 1970. While also being an understudy for the character of Sheila, she played a member of the tribe in the chorus, for which role she was required to be naked on stage in one scene. In 1971, she appeared in the ill-fated musical about premature ejaculation, Maybe That's Your Problem. She also appeared as an urchin in the West End's Oliver! Over the next decade, she played roles in various musicals, including Jesus Christ Superstar; Nuts; Grease, in which she played the lead role of Sandy from 1973 to 1974; Billy, from 1974 to 1975 playing Rita; and The Boyfriend, as Maisie (1975–1976).She had a minor role as a barmaid in the 1978 sex comedy film Adventures of a Plumber's Mate. After months of acting and singing auditions, Hal Prince offered the still relatively unknown <mask> the title role of Eva Perón in the first stage production of the Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber musical, Evita. Her performance won her critical acclaim and brought her into public prominence at the age of 30. Julie Covington, who played the role on the original concept album, had turned down the opportunity of playing the role on stage leading to a long search for a new star. <mask> eventually competed against Bonnie Schoen, an American initially favoured by Prince for the role. She later said, "Bonnie was already a big name on Broadway. In a way, she didn't have anything to prove.She was smoothly, silkily professional. But I saw this as my big chance and, like Eva when she clapped eyes on Peron, I grabbed with both hands. I wanted the role more than anything else in the whole world." For her performance in Evita, she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Musical, which at that time was called the Society of West End Theatre Award. She also won the Variety Club Award for Showbusiness Personality of the Year. She played the role for 20 months in total, from 1978 to 1980. She also released her first studio album in 1978, titled Sitting Pretty.Just prior to her success in Evita, <mask> had strongly considered becoming a nursery nurse, but after she sang for Dustin Hoffman, he made her promise that she would continue in theatre work. She admitted that she was "fed up with the whole thing" and that she could not even afford new clothing or to eat out; "Evita saved me" she stated. In the 1980 ITV drama series Lady Killers, <mask> played convicted murderer Kate Webster. 1981–1993: Cats and Chess era In 1981, in the Tales of the Unexpected episode "The Way to Do it", <mask> plays Susie, a girl working in a small casino trying to keep guests happy and finally eloping with the main character. <mask> went on to portray some of Lloyd Webber's most notable female characters, creating the role of Grizabella in the original production of Cats from 11 May 1981 to 13 February 1982. She took on the role late in the rehearsal process when the actress Judi Dench had to withdraw due to a torn Achilles tendon. <mask>'s performance of the song "Memory" from Cats, with which she had a Top 10 hit, is her signature piece.The single reached number 5 in the UK charts and has since been recorded by a further 160 artists. She reprised the role of Grizabella for the video release of Cats in 1998, one of only two performers in the film from the original London cast; the other was Susan Jane Tanner as Jellylorum. <mask>'s website claims that the video soon became the bestselling music video in the UK and America. The 1983 production of Abbacadabra, written by former ABBA members, Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson, saw <mask> star in the role of Carabosse. She then originated the role of Florence for the 1984 concept album of Chess, with lyrics by Tim Rice and music by Ulvaeus and Andersson. Her albums, Stages (1983), and Cinema (1984), rejoined the cast recording of Chess in the UK top 40 chart, giving her three consecutive successful albums. In 1985, <mask> released "I Know Him So Well", a duet from Chess, singing with Barbara Dickson.The single held the number 1 position in the British singles charts for four weeks, and still remains the biggest-selling record by a female duo, according to the Guinness Book of Records. From 1986 to 1987, <mask> appeared as Florence in the stage production of Chess, a role that earned her a second Olivier Award nomination, this time in the category, Best Actress in a Musical. She next sang at the White House in 1988. <mask> then took on the part of Reno Sweeney in the musical production of Anything Goes, which she co-produced and starred in from 1989 to 1990. Patti LuPone was appearing in Anything Goes on Broadway around that time, so <mask> sought to become the co-producer of the West End production as a way to secure the role there before LuPone could take it. Playing Reno Sweeney was <mask>'s first experience using an American accent on stage, and the role earned her a third Olivier Award nomination. Beyond her theatre roles, she appeared in the television programme Unexplained Laughter in 1989 alongside Diana Rigg.In 1993, <mask> signed up for a year as French chanteuse Édith Piaf in Pam Gems' musical play, Piaf, to critical acclaim. The Guardian wrote that <mask> was "a magnificent, perfect Piaf". The demanding production required her to sing 15 songs, some in French, and to be on stage for 2 hours 40 minutes in total, and forced her to leave early due to exhaustion. Her portrayal of Piaf earned her an Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical, her fourth nomination. She subsequently released an album, titled Piaf, containing Édith Piaf songs. 1994–2001: Sunset Boulevard and Broadway debut In 1995, <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) by Queen Elizabeth II for her contributions to musical theatre. <mask> stepped briefly into the role of Norma Desmond in Lloyd Webber's West End production of Sunset Boulevard in 1994, when Betty Buckley was taken ill and had to undergo an emergency appendectomy.The nature of the situation meant that <mask> only had two-and-a-half weeks in the rehearsal process before her first performance. She admitted feeling daunted by the prospect, having seen Glenn Close in the role on Broadway just prior to entering rehearsals. London critics were largely won over by <mask> in a performance that "not only wrings out every ounce of dramatic action but delivers some unexpected humour as well" and she took over the part full-time the following year. She then won the Variety Club Award for Best Actress of the Year, and received her fifth Olivier Award nomination in 1996. During the run of Sunset Boulevard at the West End's Adelphi Theatre in 1995, <mask> discovered a lump in her breast, prompting her to consult her doctor, who at first reassured her there was nothing to be concerned about. She returned twice, and her doctor subsequently sent her for tests that confirmed the lump was cancerous, nine months after she discovered it. Continuing her role in the production <mask> did not miss a show.<mask> went in for day surgery on a Sunday due to her theatre commitments, had five years of medical treatment and completed a radiation programme. She has since described the period as "the most awful thing that's happened to me in my life". <mask> transferred to the New York production of Sunset Boulevard to make her Broadway debut at the Minskoff Theatre on 12 September 1996, staying with the show until it closed on 22 March 1997. On the Sunset Boulevard set in Broadway, the staircase steps had to be raised six inches (15 cm) in order to accommodate <mask>'s short stature, or it would have been hard to see her behind the banister. <mask> was welcomed to the Broadway stage with a long standing ovation from the audience, and received largely positive reviews for her New York performance as Norma Desmond: "The lush sound and the sheer power of her voice are, to put it simply, incredible", wrote one critic, whilst another said "Her voice has great range, remarkable clarity and emotional force". <mask> was the first Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard to sing one of the show's key songs, "With One Look", which she did first at Lloyd Webber's wedding to Madeleine Gurdon, although at the time the song was called "Just One Glance". Lloyd Webber noted, regarding <mask>'s performance of one of the show's other prominent songs, "As If We Never Said Goodbye", that it was "as good, if not the best, of anything I've ever heard of mine".Regarding the key lyric in the song, "This world's waited long enough. I've come home at last", <mask> had sought to change the way the melody was sung, despite being fully aware of Lloyd-Webber's fastidious tendencies. To her, the moment was not exploited to its fullest potential, so she approached the show's musical director, David Caddick, and expressed her wish to hold the word "home", to which he agreed. Although she had been disappointed when she hoped to perform on Broadway in Evita, Cats and Chess, <mask> stated of her debut there, "It was just the most perfect time to go with that particular show". After Sunset Boulevard finished, she suffered from depression, commenting that the show's closing "was the most terrible feeling. ... I'd felt I'd lost something so very important to me.I thought it had died and gone away." Arts commentator Melvyn Bragg hosted a special edition of The South Bank Show about <mask>'s career in 1996, titled The Faces of Elaine <mask>. The episode saw her visiting parts of the world where plays she had starred in had been set: the Casa Rosada in Buenos Aires, Argentina where Eva Perón had given speeches; the Parisian haunts of Edith Piaf including a meeting with her collaborator Charles Aznavour; and Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles. In 1997, <mask> made her United States concert debut when she opened the Boston Pops season, which was aired on WGBH in America. The following year, she made a guest appearance at Andrew Lloyd Webber's 50th

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birthday celebration at the Royal Albert Hall, performing "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" and "Memory" She then played Célimène in the non-musical play The Misanthrope in 1998, but she admitted that she missed the musical element and that the silence was slightly unsettling to her. A Lifetime Achievement Award from The National Operatic and Dramatic Association soon followed. She later performed alongside Bette Midler in a 1999 New York concert to raise money for the Breast Cancer Research Foundation.From 2000 to 2001, she starred as Anna Leonowens in a revival of Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I at the London Palladium. <mask> had turned down an offer for the role the first time she was approached, but later accepted, admitting that she had "forgotten what a fantastic score it was", although she did question her own suitability for the role. Before the opening, the box office had already taken in excess of £7 million in ticket sales. The critic for The Independent commented, "It may well be impossible to be a success as Evita and a success as Anna" complaining that <mask> was not refined enough for the role, whereas The Spectator asserted that the role further strengthened her title as the "First Lady of British Musical Theatre". During her time in The King and I, her mother was diagnosed with cancer. Despite <mask> wanting to pull out of the show, her mother insisted that she should continue until her contract had finished, and <mask>'s sister, Marion Billings, admitted, "That was very hard for <mask>, having to go on stage night after night knowing she wanted to be with Mum". 2002–2013: Radio and return to West End and Broadway <mask> sang at the opening of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, and then made her Los Angeles concert debut at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium.In 2003, she played Angèle in Where There's a Will, directed by Peter Hall. She next sang the role of Mrs Lovett in the New York City Opera production of Stephen Sondheim's Sweeney Todd in March 2004, earning positive reviews from critics, and a nomination for a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical. <mask> then embarked upon a UK tour which was titled "No Strings Attached". In September 2004, <mask> began a weekly Sunday afternoon radio show, <mask> on Sunday, between 1 and 3 PM on BBC Radio 2, featuring music from musical theatre and film. The 400th edition was broadcast on Sunday 29 July 2012. In an unfavourable review, the show was described by Elisabeth Mahoney of The Guardian as "a chilly, alienating listening experience" and a "rare wrong move" on the part of Radio 2. Lisa Martland of The Stage agreed that "it is by far the music that brings me back to the programme ... and not her lightweight presenting style".However, the show regularly attracts 3 million listeners, and interviews are also featured each week. <mask> also focused on television appearances, playing Dora Bunner in the 2005 ITV adaptation of Agatha Christie's A Murder Is Announced in the Marple series, before performing a guest role as a post mistress in Where the Heart Is. The episode of Marple was watched by 7.78 million viewers. The release of <mask>'s first full studio album of new recordings in 12 years was marked in 2006, titled Essential Musicals. The album included popular songs from musicals identified by a poll on her radio show, in which 400,000 listeners voted. At this point, <mask> had recorded 20 solo albums in total, of which eight were consecutively certified gold and another four multi-platinum, and she had been featured on seven cast albums. <mask> also appeared in concert in Scandinavia, Hong Kong, Europe, the Middle East, New Zealand, Australia and Singapore.On 20 and 21 December 2006, she performed in concert in Shanghai, extending her concert tour to two dates to satisfy demand. With a noticeable absence from musical theatre, having not taken a role for many years, she explained in 2006 that "there's been nothing that I've wanted to do, and if you're going to commit to a year at the theatre, six days a week, and have no life, then it's got to be something that you want to do with all your heart". She also affirmed that she believes for older actors it becomes harder to obtain theatre roles. In 2007, <mask> made a return to the West End stage for the first time in six years, as the Chaperone/Beatrice Stockwell in The Drowsy Chaperone at the Novello Theatre. The production ran for a disappointing 96 performances, although it had opened to a standing ovation from the audience and a generally optimistic reaction from critics. The Daily Telegraph wrote, "<mask> is a good sport ... enduring jokes about her reputation for being 'difficult' with a grin that doesn't seem all that forced. ... Only the self-importantly serious and the chronically depressed will fail to enjoy this preposterously entertaining evening".Paul Taylor from The Independent was less impressed and wrote "a miscast <mask> manages to be unfunny to an almost ingenious degree as the heroine's bibulous minder". For her performance, <mask> was nominated for a What's On Stage Award in the category of Best Supporting Actress in a Musical. She next collaborated with the duo Secret Garden in recording the song "The Things You Are to Me" for their 2007 album, Inside I'm Singing. To raise money for Sport Relief <mask> danced the tango on Sport Relief does Strictly Come Dancing with Matt Dawson in March 2008, where they were voted second overall. In 2008, she opened the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod and performed concerts in China, America and Australia featuring songs from her 40-year career. To further celebrate 40 years since her first performance on a West End Stage, in October 2008 <mask> released a picture-based autobiography titled Memories. The book took around eight months to compile; "Since Evita I suppose, I had kept a yearbook.My parents always kept cuttings and things like that for me. I did have quite a lot of reference material to work out," <mask> commented. An album titled <mask> and Friends was produced by Phil Ramone in 2010. The album features duets with <mask> and artists such as Johnny Mathis, Barry Manilow and Olivia Newton-John as well as a duet with Sinéad O'Connor of a new song "It's Only Life" penned by Tim Rice and Gary Barlow. Having entered the top 20 of UK Album Charts, it went on to achieve gold status. <mask> played the role of Carlotta Campion in the Kennedy Center production of Follies in May and June 2011 at the Eisenhower Theatre in Washington, DC, receiving favourable reviews for her performance of the showstopper, "I'm Still Here." The principal cast also comprised Bernadette Peters, Jan Maxwell, Ron Raines and Danny Burstein.She reprised this role in the Broadway transfer of the musical at the Marquis Theatre from August 2011 until the following January, before performing at the Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles, California in May and June 2012. 2014–present: 50th Anniversary, farewell tour At the end of 2013 <mask> announced a concert tour, Page by Page by <mask>, which focused on her 50th anniversary in show business and was advertised as a farewell tour. The 40th anniversary tour in 2008 marked 40 years since her debut on the West End stage, and the 50th anniversary tour in 2014 marked 50 years since her first stage performance. The tour featured Gardar Thor Cortes performing a number of songs, both solo and duets with <mask>, and was sold out at all venues. The tour ran from 9 to 20 October 2014, concluding at the Royal Albert Hall, London. Other stops included Cardiff, Bristol, Manchester, Newcastle (Gateshead), Glasgow, Birmingham and Bournemouth. Due to a throat infection, one concert in Brighton had to be cancelled.Dates in Ireland were postponed before being rescheduled, with <mask> giving four sold-out concerts in Dublin (two evenings), Limerick and Cork between 10 and 16 February 2015. In 2014, <mask> presented and performed in a six episode television show for Sky Arts television called The <mask> Show. The show featured songs performed by <mask>, masterclasses with drama college students and interviews and performances by West End and Broadway performers and writers. The show was recorded in March and April at Riverside Studios, London. She released a new career-spanning album The Ultimate Collection in May 2014. In June, <mask> made her debut at G-A-Y's Heaven nightclub in London and in November, she joined the inaugural Australian cruise of the performing arts on the . In May 2015 <mask> was part of VE Day 70: A Party to Remember, a special concert which took place at the Horse Guards Parade, and was broadcast live on BBC1 and BBC Radio 2.Later in 2015 she performed in concert at Scarborough Open Air Theatre, supported by Collabro and Rhydian, and then headlined the Glamis Prom 2015 at Glamis Castle, Scotland, with Susan Boyle as her guest. The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra accompanied at both concerts. In April 2016, it was announced that <mask> would perform a number of concerts – on successive weekends rather than intensive schedule of a regular tour – entitled "Stripped Back". The tour initially ran from October until December 2016 and featured music by Harry Nilsson, Randy Newman, Jimmy Webb, Burt Bacharach, Leonard Cohen, Sting, Elton John and Lennon-McCartney. <mask> appeared in a new BBC adaptation of William Shakepeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream adapted by Russell T Davies as part of the Shakespeare 400 celebrations in 2016. In 2017, she appeared in pantomime at the London Palladium as Queen Rat in Dick Whittington alongside Julian Clary, Nigel Havers, Paul Zerdin, Gary Wilmot, Charlie Stemp, Emma Williams and Diversity (dance troupe). In 2018, <mask> played the part of Mercy Hackett in the BBC TV comedy Home from Home.In 2020, she appeared in the BBC drama Series Life with Alison Steadman and Peter Davison. Legacy Having had so many starring roles in famous musicals, many to critical acclaim, <mask> is often referred to as the First Lady of British Musical Theatre. In 2008, she celebrated the 40th anniversary of her professional debut on the West End stage. <mask> has never married nor had children, although she had an 11-year affair with the lyricist Tim Rice throughout the 1980s. She has said that she wanted to have children, but "it's a wonderful life I have, so I'm very fulfilled in other ways". <mask>'s singing abilities have won her worldwide praise, as have her acting skills, with Andrew Gans of Playbill magazine writing that "<mask>'s gift is to dissect a role and determine what phrasing, gesture or emotion can bring a scene to its fullest dramatic potential". Mark Shenton also highlighted her voice in 2008 as "one of the most distinctive and impressive voices in the business".Lloyd-Webber insists that her rendition of "As If We Never Said Goodbye" is one of the best interpretations of a song by him. <mask> has gained herself a reputation as someone who can be "difficult". The Times''' Brian Logan wrote, "<mask> is not exactly known for her humility. In newspaper profiles, that dread word 'difficult' is often applied". On one occasion, she told a male interviewer that she was going to stop giving interviews to female reporters because, in her own words, "I don't trust other women in these situations. They establish a sisterhood with you and then betray it every time". What has been seen as a cold side to her personality was also noted by Logan, but <mask> has said that a common misconception of her is that she is confident and very serious.Another editor found her "refreshingly down-to-earth" and "very friendly". Views on theatre Though <mask> has enjoyed a long career in musical theatre, she rarely goes to watch musicals, much preferring to watch films or plays. She considers herself primarily an actress, rather than a singer, stating, "I really prefer to be in character". Comparing the work of Rodgers and Hammerstein to that of Lloyd Webber, <mask> has said that she finds Rodgers and Hammerstein songs more difficult to sing, and described them as challenging. She concluded, "it's a quieter kind of singing, more controlled, not belting it out". In the light of the physical demands of performing in theatre <mask> has said "Musical theatre is the hardest thing any actor will ever do. You become obsessive about sleeping, eating the right food, not speaking and giving yourself vocal rest and keeping exercised".Regarding the pressure of having to be in a fit condition to perform in theatre each night, she remarked "you wouldn't want to read the letters people write when you're off and they're disappointed – it's so awful, the guilt one feels for not being there". As part of a rigorous routine before musical roles to look after her voice, <mask> stops eating dairy products and drinking alcohol and works hard on her fitness. After about three months into the production when her voice is tiring from performing, she withdraws from her normal social life, sometimes only communicating by notepad and fax. She never reads her reviews, finding that it is not helpful to hear too many opinions of her work. In 2007, <mask> named reality television series such as Any Dream Will Do'', which aim to find an unknown actor to play the lead role in a musical, as the greatest threat to theatre today, believing that "actors already striving in the theatre wouldn't dream of putting themselves on these shows". In a later interview, she questioned the seriousness of the actors auditioning for this type of show: "you wouldn't put yourself up for one of those shows in case you got bumped off the first week and all your colleagues saw it". She has also expressed a wish for more new musicals to be put into production, instead of frequent revivals.<mask> has been an Ambassador of The Children's Trust, the UK's leading charity for children with brain injury and neurodisabiity, for over 35 years, since the charity was created, when she first presented the charity with a minibus. She has hosted and performed at fundraising events for the charity including hosting 5 bi-annual Elaine Paige Clay Pigeon Shoots. Musicals Discography Solo albums Compilations Cast recordings Singles Other albums and guest appearances Videos and DVDs Curated albums Tying in with her weekly radio show, <mask> has been involved in the compilation of two albums featuring selected tracks from musical theatre. References External links <mask> on Sunday (BBC Radio 2) 1948 births People with lupus Actresses from London English women singers English musical theatre actresses English television actresses Living people Officers of the Order of the British Empire Laurence Olivier Award winners People from Chipping Barnet Singers from London BBC Radio 2 presenters Alumni of the Aida Foster Theatre School Musicians from Hertfordshire Actresses from Hertfordshire Women radio

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<mask> (born 9 July 1989) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Beginning his career with Manchester City, after several years in the youth ranks he turned professional with the club in 2008. He enjoyed loan spells with Blackpool, Port Vale, and Aberdeen; before transferring to Walsall for the 2010–11 season. After leaving Walsall he signed with Rochdale and then non-league Droylsden. He re-joined Port Vale on non-contract terms in February 2012, before signing with FC Halifax Town five months later. He signed with Stockport County in February 2013, before returning to Halifax Town later in the year. He signed with Bradford Park Avenue in May 2015, and then Alfreton Town in October 2016 and Curzon Ashton in May 2017.He joined Buxton in July 2019 and then moved on to Mossley later in the year. He joined Radcliffe in July 2021 and moved on to Workington two months later. Playing career <mask> is a product of the Manchester City Youth Academy, which he joined when he was 11 years old. In the 2006–07 season, he made his debut for the club's reserve side in the Premier Reserve League North, scoring four goals in eight starts. He also scored the final goal as City beat Manchester United 3–1 in the final of the Manchester Senior Cup. At the end of the 2006–07 season, <mask> signed his first professional contract with Manchester City. In the 2008–09 season, he was given the squad number 46 and became a regular in the reserves.After scoring for the reserves and being named "Man of the Match" in their 3–0 victory over Newcastle United Reserves, on 29 January 2009 he signed for Championship club Blackpool on loan, initially for one month until 28 February, with the possibility of extending it until the end of the season. Blackpool's assistant manager, Steve Thompson, said of <mask>: "We have been watching <mask> for a few weeks now and every time we have seen him play he has impressed us. He has a sweet left foot and has an excellent range of passing, he has a presence in midfield and I'm sure he will do well for us." <mask> said of the move: "Playing in the Championship will be good experience for me because it will also show Mark Hughes that I can do it in this league. If I do well here, he may think that I will be good enough for the Premiership when I go back." His debut for the "Seasiders" on 31 January against Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park lasted just five minutes, after goalkeeper <mask> was sent off three minutes into the match. <mask> was then brought off in a tactical substitution so that Matt Gilks could replace Rachubka in goal.His second appearance was as an 82-minute substitute against Doncaster Rovers on 7 February, after which he returned to Manchester. In March 2009, <mask> was sent out on loan to Port Vale, and made his debut the following day in the goalless draw at Bournemouth. He scored his first senior goal on 28 March, with a long range free kick in a 2–1 reverse at Chesterfield. He played a total of 13 games for the club. <mask> joined Scottish team Aberdeen on loan on 2 January 2010, and made his Scottish debut in a 1–0 win over Dundee United on the same day, claiming the assist for Charlie Mulgrew's goal. He returned to Manchester after a further eight appearances for the club. He signed with Walsall in June 2010, after friend Clayton McDonald recommended the "Saddlers".After 22 appearances he was released from the club twelve months later, as was McDonald. In July 2011, he had a trial spell at Rochdale, and impressed enough to earn an extended stay at the club. He was an 82nd-minute substitute for Joe Thompson in a goalless draw with Carlisle United at Spotland on 16 August; his only appearance for the club. He then spent a brief spell with Droylsden in the Conference North, also on non-contract terms. He began training with former club Port Vale in January 2012, and joined on non-contract terms on 14 February. He went on to play 15 games for the "Valiants" in 2011–12, but was not offered a new contract. He signed with Conference North club FC Halifax Town in July 2012.He moved up a division when he joined Stockport County in February 2013, again on non-contract terms. He scored his first goal for the "Hatters", a 30-yard strike, in 4–1 defeat to Mansfield Town at Field Mill. He played 11 games as County were relegated out of the Conference National in 2012–13. After being released from Stockport, he then returned to the Halifax Town on the back of their promotion to the Conference National. He made 39 appearances in the 2013–14 campaign, helping the club to qualify for the play-off semi-finals, where they were beaten by Cambridge United. He remained a key player in the 2014–15 campaign, scoring three goals in 42 appearances. He signed with National League North side Bradford Park Avenue in May 2015.Avenue finished 14th in the 2015–16 campaign. He signed with Nicky Law's Alfreton Town in October 2016. He played 25 games across the 2016–17 season as the "Reds" posted an 18th-place finish in the National League North. <mask> joined Curzon Ashton in May 2017. He made 24 appearances across the 2017–18 campaign as the "Nash" posted an 18th-place finish in the National League North, and was limited to just ten appearances in the 2018–19 season. On 31 July 2019, <mask> joined Northern Premier League Premier Division club Buxton on a non-contract basis. He moved on to Northern Premier League Division One North West side Mossley later in the year.He made just eight starts before the 2019–20 season was formally abandoned on 26 March due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England. On 19 July 2021, <mask> signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Radcliffe. He signed for Northern Premier League Division One West side Workington on a free transfer in September 2021. International career Although born in England, <mask> has represented Ireland under 19's. He was called up to the England under-20 team for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Egypt. Personal life In July 2017, <mask> and two other men pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit criminal damage for their part in two events in March and April 2015 which followed a dispute over parking tickets at a property in Moss Side. Statistics References 1989 births Living people People from Gorton English footballers England youth international footballers Association football midfielders Manchester City F.C. players Blackpool F.C.players Port Vale F.C. players Aberdeen F.C. players Walsall F.C. players Rochdale A.F.C. players Droylsden F.C. players FC Halifax Town players Stockport County F.C. players Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C.players Alfreton Town F.C. players Curzon Ashton F.C. players Buxton F.C. players Mossley A.F.C. players Radcliffe F.C. players Workington A.F.C. players English Football League players Scottish Premier League players National League (English football) players Northern Premier League players

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<mask> (born November 18, 1975), nicknamed "Big Papi", is a Dominican-American former professional baseball designated hitter and first baseman who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily with the Boston Red Sox. He also played for the Minnesota Twins. During his 14 seasons with the Red Sox, he was a ten-time All-Star, a three-time World Series champion, and a seven-time Silver Slugger winner. <mask> also holds the Red Sox single-season record for home runs with 54, which he set during the 2006 season. Originally signed by the Seattle Mariners in 1992, <mask> was traded to the Twins in 1996 and played parts of six seasons with the team. <mask> was released by the Twins and signed with the Red Sox in 2003, where he spent the remainder of his career. In Boston, <mask> established himself as "one of the greatest designated hitters the game has ever seen".He was instrumental in the team ending its 86-year World Series championship drought in 2004, as well as during successful championship runs in 2007 and 2013; he was named the World Series Most Valuable Player in 2013. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2022. <mask> finished his career with 541 home runs (which ranks 17th on MLB's all-time home run list), 1,768 runs batted in (RBIs, 22nd all-time), and a .286 batting average. Among designated hitters, he is the all-time leader in MLB history for home runs (485), RBIs (1,569), and hits (2,192). Regarded as one of the greatest clutch hitters of all time, <mask> had 11 career walk-off home runs during the regular season and two during the postseason. Early life <mask> was born on November 18, 1975, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, as the oldest of four children of Enrique (Leo<mask> and Ángela Rosa Arias. As a boy, he followed the careers of standout pitcher Ramón Martinez and his younger brother Pedro, attending games whenever he could and building a friendship with Pedro that would only grow over the years.<mask> graduated from Estudia Espaillat High School in the Dominican Republic, and was a standout baseball and basketball player there. Professional career On November 28, 1992, <mask> was signed by the Seattle Mariners just 10 days after his 17th birthday, who listed him as "<mask>" due to not being familiar with Spanish naming customs. He made his professional debut in 1994 for the Mariners of the Arizona League, batting .246 with two home runs and 20 RBI. By 1995, he had improved those numbers to .332 with four home runs and 37 RBI. In 1996, he was promoted to the Single-A Wisconsin Timber Rattlers of the Midwest League, a Mariners farm team. He established himself as one of the Mariners' best hitting prospects, batting .322 with 18 home runs and 93 RBI. <mask> also impressed both fans and Mariners' players like Alex Rodriguez with a strong performance in an impromptu home run derby—the result of a failed Mariners' promotion in which the Timber Rattlers were supposed to play an exhibition game against the MLB club in front of their home fans in Wisconsin, but the game was rained out.Also in Wisconsin, <mask> met his future wife Tiffany; she led him to become a fan of the nearby Green Bay Packers NFL team, a devotion that would become lifelong. Baseball America named <mask> the most exciting player in the Midwest League, as well as its best defensive first baseman for 1996. Despite his strong year in the Mariners' system, on September 13, 1996, <mask> was traded to the Minnesota Twins as the player to be named later to complete an earlier transaction for Dave Hollins. When he arrived in Minnesota, he informed the team that he preferred to be listed as "<mask>"—using his paternal family name rather than "Arias" which was his maternal family name. Referring to the switch, sportswriter Jay Jaffe called Arias/<mask> "literally the player to be named later." <mask> rose quickly through the Twins system in 1997. Though he started with the High-A Fort Myers Miracle, he quickly progressed through Double-A (New Britain Rock Cats), to the Triple-A Salt Lake Buzz.At the three levels, <mask> combined to hit .317 with 31 home runs and 124 RBI, earning a September call-up to the Twins' MLB club. Minnesota Twins (1997–2002) 1997 <mask> made his MLB debut for the Twins on September 2, 1997. He played in 15 games in September, batting .327 in 49 at bats. He recorded his first major league hit in his second game, on September 3, with an eighth-inning pinch-hit double against the Chicago Cubs. He hit his first major league home run on September 14 against the Texas Rangers, off pitcher Julio Santana, going 3-for-4 with two walks in the game overall. <mask> hit one home run and had 6 RBI in his first season. 1998 In 1998, <mask> entered the season with his sights set on playing as the regular first baseman for the Twins.However, <mask>'s playing style was somewhat different than the approach favored by manager Tom Kelly, which placed a premium on avoiding strikeouts, and great defense (which Kelly felt <mask> still needed to work on). While Kelly worked with <mask> on his defense, he hit well, batting .306 through May 9 before fracturing his wrist and going on the disabled list. He returned to the Twins in July following a rehab assignment to Triple-A and finished the season with the team. He ended his rookie year strong, batting .360 in September. All told, he hit .277 with nine home runs and 46 RBI in 86 games. 1999 In 1999, <mask> figured to be a fixture in the lineup, but after a tough spring training which saw him bat only .137, he was sent down to the Triple-A Salt Lake Buzz as the sure-handed rookie Doug Mientkiewicz earned the first base job. It was becoming apparent that manager Tom Kelly preferred veteran players or those who fit into his small-ball and good defense philosophy, something <mask> would later be vocal about after his days with the Twins.While <mask> tore through minor league pitching to the tune of a .315 average with 30 home runs and 110 RBI, Twins first basemen would go on to hit just .245 with 11 homers and 69 RBI all season. Twins designated hitters did not fare much better, batting a combined .259 with 14 home runs and 82 RBI. <mask>'s strong season in Triple-A was too much for Kelly to ignore, and <mask> again earned a September call-up in 1999. It did not go well for <mask>, as he struck out 12 times in 20 at-bats, and did not register a hit. 2000 By 2000, with the Twins coming off three consecutive seasons of over 90 losses, <mask>'s bat could not be buried in the minor leagues much longer. After playing only sparingly during the seasons first two months, by June 2000 he finally established himself as an MLB regular. However, <mask> played primarily at designated hitter as manager Kelly stuck with the veteran Ron Coomer at first base.When <mask> homered on June 9 against the Milwaukee Brewers, it was his first MLB home run in more than a year. On September 7, he hit his first major league grand slam at Fenway Park against Boston Red Sox pitcher Ramón Martínez, one of his childhood heroes from the Dominican Republic. As his playing time increased, his stats improved. Despite his slow start, he finished at .282 with 10 home runs and 63 RBI. His 36 doubles were second on the team to Matt Lawton's 44, despite <mask> having almost 200 fewer plate appearances. <mask>'s .364 on-base percentage was fourth on the team among players with more than 100 plate appearances. 2001 <mask> began the 2001 season as the regular DH and started the year strong, batting .311 with six home runs and 18 RBI through May 4.For the first time in years, the Twins were a contender thanks to a hot start helped by <mask>'s hitting. However, another wrist fracture landed <mask> back on the disabled list, and he did not return until July. It was apparent the injury affected his production, as he batted just .202 upon his return. He finished the year with a disappointing .234 average, however, the 11 home runs he hit over the season's final two months (including his first multihomer game on September 5 against the Texas Rangers) offered a glimmer of hope for the future. Despite their hot start, the Twins ultimately did not qualify for the postseason but did win a very respectable 85 games. It was the franchise's first winning season since 1992. At the end of the season, longtime Twins manager Tom Kelly retired, and Ron Gardenhire took over the reins.2002 The offseason proved very difficult for <mask>, as on New Year's Day 2002, his mother died following a car accident. Gardenhire reached out and helped <mask> deal with the death, and <mask> prepared hard for the coming baseball season, both saddened his mother never saw him play at his best and determined to reach new heights. When the season began, <mask> battled knee injuries. It was a tale of two seasons for <mask>, as his .240 average with five homers and 33 RBI before the All-Star break was disappointing. But after the All-Star break, <mask> quietly turned in one of the better second halves in baseball, batting .297 with 15 home runs and 42 RBI. On August 16, he hit a memorable home run off his friend Pedro Martínez at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, hitting an inside cut fastball into the upper deck. On September 25, he hit the first walk-off home run of his career, against the Cleveland Indians.He finished the 2002 season batting .272 with 20 home runs and 75 RBI. At this point in his career, the home run and RBI totals were both career bests. However, as he batted only .203 against left-handed pitching, <mask> still was not always guaranteed to start if a tough lefty would be on the mound. His career year coincided with the Twins qualifying for the postseason, as the team won 94 games and upset the Oakland Athletics in the Division Series before falling in the 2002 American League Championship Series to the eventual World Series winning Anaheim Angels. <mask> batted .276 in his first postseason, with 4 RBI. His 9th inning double in the decisive Game 5 of the Division Series put the Twins ahead 5–1 in a game they would hold on to win 5–4. The series-winning RBI was the first of what would be many clutch postseason hits in <mask>'s career.After the season, the small market Twins faced a decision on <mask>, who had made $950,000 and would likely have been granted around $2 million for 2003 by an arbitrator. Rather than negotiate a contract, or go to arbitration, the Twins instead decided to release <mask> as a cost-cutting move on December 16, after being unable to swing a trade for him. In parts of six seasons totaling 455 games with the Twins, <mask> hit 58 home runs and had 238 RBI. The player who replaced <mask> on the Twins' roster, Jose Morban, would never play in a game for the team. Boston Red Sox (2003–2016) 2003 After his release from the Twins, <mask> had a chance encounter with Pedro Martínez at a restaurant in the Dominican Republic, and Martinez remembered the home run he had given up to <mask> in August 2002. Excited at the prospect of his friend joining him on the Boston Red Sox (who needed a first baseman), Pedro began calling several Red Sox team officials to request that the team sign <mask>. On January 22, <mask> signed a non-guaranteed free agent contract with the Red Sox that would be worth $1.25 million if he made the team.New Red Sox General Manager Theo Epstein envisioned <mask> as one of several candidates to fill a void at first base. Sabermetrics favorite Jeremy Giambi was widely expected to get most of the playing time, but also in the mix were primary third baseman Bill Mueller (who figured to DH at times), Shea Hillenbrand (who could play third base, first base, or DH), and Kevin Millar (who could play first base or outfield). The team's best hitter, outfielder Manny Ramirez, figured to DH at times also. When the season started, all of them made the team, including <mask>, with the new designated hitter/first baseman taking player number 34 in honor of his mentor and friend on the Twins, Kirby Puckett. Because of the logjam, <mask> did not play steadily during the first two months of the season. He hit his first home run with his new team on April 27 at Anaheim, a go-ahead shot to break a 14th-inning tie in an eventual 6–4 win, but batted only .212 in April. By May, he had raised his average to .272.<mask> became frustrated over his limited playing time, seeing a similarity to what had happened to him in Minnesota, especially considering that Giambi was only batting .125 on May 1. After expressing his frustration to the media, Pedro Martínez pulled his friend aside to defuse the situation, then asked manager Grady Little to ensure <mask> always be in the lineup when he was pitching. As <mask>'s bat heated up in May, the Red Sox finally broke the logjam when they traded Hillenbrand to the Arizona Diamondbacks on May 29. On June 1, manager Grady Little benched Giambi, who was still hitting only .185. These two moves allowed <mask> to become the everyday designated hitter. As a regular, <mask> finally had the breakout year he had envisioned. After hitting .299 with 10 home runs in the season's first half, he turned on the power in the second half, hitting 21 home runs in 63 games.On July 26, he delivered a walk-off hit against the rival New York Yankees. He would add his first walk-off homer as a member of the Red Sox on September 23, against the Baltimore Orioles. He finished the season with 31 home runs, 101 RBI and a .288 average, finishing fifth in the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award voting as the Red Sox won the AL Wild Card and qualified for the postseason. In the 2003 postseason, <mask> struggled in the ALDS against the Oakland A's until Game 4, when he hit a two-run double in the bottom of the eighth inning off closer Keith Foulke to turn a 4–3 deficit into a 5–4 Red Sox lead and eventual victory. In Game 1 of the AL Championship Series against the rival New York Yankees, <mask> hit his first career postseason home run. He finished with two home runs and 6 RBI in the ALCS, including a solo home run in the eighth inning of the decisive Game 7 that gave the Red Sox a 5–2 lead at the time. However, the Red Sox would go on to blow the lead in the bottom of the inning, and Boston lost the series in heartbreaking fashion on Aaron Boone's infamous extra-inning walk-off home run that instead sent the Yankees to the 2003 World Series.2004 In the offseason, <mask> was eligible for salary arbitration once again, but the Red Sox agreed with him on a $4.6 million salary for the 2004 season, avoiding hearings. Prior to the agreement, <mask> and his agent had submitted a figure of $5 million, while the Red Sox had countered with $4.2 million, so the agreement split the difference. Once the 2004 season started, <mask> wasted no time picking up right where he left off with the bat. On May 28, <mask> hit his 100th career home run, a grand slam, off Joel Piñeiro of the Seattle Mariners at Fenway Park. Also in May, <mask> signed a two-year contract extension with the Red Sox worth $12.5 million. He batted .304 with 23 home runs and 78

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RBI in the season's first half, was named an All-Star for the first time in his career, and hit a long home run in the All-Star Game off Carl Pavano. <mask> was suspended for three games in July, after being ejected following an incident in a July 16 game against the Angels in which he threw several bats onto the field that came close to hitting umpires Bill Hohn and Mark Carlson.<mask> finished the 2004 season with 41 home runs and 139 RBI while batting .301 with an on-base plus slugging (OPS) of .983. He finished second in the AL in both home runs and RBIs and finished fourth in AL MVP voting. He also earned his first Silver Slugger award for his outstanding performance at designated hitter. In addition, <mask> and teammate Manny Ramirez became the first pair of AL teammates to hit 40 home runs, have 100 RBIs, and bat .300 since the Yankees' Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig in 1931. Together they hit back-to-back home runs six times, tying the major league single-season mark set by the Detroit Tigers' Hank Greenberg and Rudy York and later matched by the Chicago White Sox's Frank Thomas and Magglio Ordóñez. The duo quickly became arguably the best hitting tandem of the decade. In the 2004 postseason, <mask> elevated his play to a new level.He had multiple game-winning hits to help Boston advance through the rounds. In the 2004 AL Division Series, he hit a series-winning walk-off home run off Jarrod Washburn in the 10th inning of Game 3 to knock out the Anaheim Angels. In the AL Championship Series against the New York Yankees, the Red Sox quickly fell behind 0 games to 3, a deficit that had never been surmounted in baseball history. <mask> almost single-handedly paved the way for history, as he hit a walk-off two-run home run against Paul Quantrill in the 12th inning of Game 4 and a walk-off single off of Esteban Loaiza in the 14th inning of Game 5. His heroics - namely batting .387 with three home runs and 11 RBI in the series - earned him AL Championship Series MVP honors, the first time a DH had ever won that award, as the Red Sox came back to win in seven games. In the 2004 World Series vs. the St. Louis Cardinals, <mask> set the tone for the four-game sweep as he hit a three-run home run off of Woody Williams in the first inning of Game 1 at Fenway Park. He hit .308 in the series with a home run and 4 RBI as the Red Sox swept the Cardinals to end the Curse of the Bambino by winning their first World Series Championship in 86 years.Overall, <mask> batted .400 in the 2004 postseason with five home runs and 23 RBI. 2005 In 2005, <mask> set new career highs with 47 home runs and 148 RBI. He batted .300 with an OPS of 1.001. On June 2, his three-run homer turned a 4–3 deficit into a 6–4 victory over the Baltimore Orioles. On September 6, his 38th home run of the year beat the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. On September 29, his eighth-inning home run against the Toronto Blue Jays tied the game at 4, then his ninth-inning single in his very next at-bat gave Boston the win. For all of his late-inning heroics, Red Sox ownership would present <mask> with a plaque proclaiming him "the greatest clutch-hitter in the history of the Boston Red Sox."He led the AL in RBI, while finishing second in home runs and third in OPS. <mask> finished second in the AL MVP voting to Alex Rodriguez while leading the Red Sox to their third consecutive playoff appearance, where they lost in the first round to the eventual champion White Sox. For the second consecutive season, <mask> was named an All-Star and won the Silver Slugger Award. He also won his first Hank Aaron Award as the outstanding hitter in the AL. 2006 On April 10, the Red Sox announced <mask> signed a four-year, $52 million contract extension with the team. The contract also included a team option for a fifth year. Over the two months of June and July, he had five walk-off hits, three of which were home runs.<mask> hit his 200th career home run on June 29, against Duaner Sánchez of the New York Mets at Fenway Park. He posted his best month of the season in July, batting .339 with 14 home runs. On September 20 at Fenway Park, <mask> tied Jimmie Foxx's single season Red Sox home run record of 50 set in 1938, in the sixth inning against Minnesota Twins' Boof Bonser. On September 21, <mask> broke the record by hitting his 51st home run off Johan Santana of the Twins. The home run was also his 44th of the season as a designated hitter, breaking his own AL single-season record. <mask> finished 2006 with a career-high 54 home runs to set a new Red Sox record and had 137 RBIs while batting .287 with an OPS of 1.049. He led the AL in both home runs and RBIs and finished third in OPS.He finished third in the AL MVP voting behind Justin Morneau and Derek Jeter. Despite his outstanding campaign, however, the Red Sox did not qualify for the postseason. 2007 In 2007, <mask> was instrumental in leading the Red Sox to their seventh World Series title. In the regular season, he had 35 home runs and 117 RBI while batting a career-best .332, placing him in the top 10 in the AL in all three categories. In addition, he hit 52 doubles, led the AL in extra-base hits and finished second in OPS at 1.066. His .445 on-base percentage led the league. An All-Star for the fourth consecutive season, <mask> finished fourth in the AL MVP voting and captured the Silver Slugger at DH once again, as the Red Sox won the AL East.In the postseason, <mask> again kept up the clutch hitting. He batted .714 (5-for-7) against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in the Division Series, with two home runs. Then, after batting .292 with a home run against the Cleveland Indians in the AL Championship Series, he hit .333 in the 2007 World Series, with 4 RBI. Combined, <mask> batted .370 with three home runs and 10 RBI and Boston swept the Colorado Rockies to win their second World Series Championship in four years. 2008 In 2008, <mask> started slowly after suffering a wrist injury which caused him to miss several weeks. He played in a total of 109 games and finished the season with 23 home runs and 89 RBI while batting .264. Despite his struggles, <mask> was named to his fifth All-Star team.In the playoffs, <mask> batted just .186 over two rounds as the Red Sox ultimately fell to the Tampa Bay Rays in the AL Championship Series. 2009 <mask> struggled early in the 2009 season, hitting only .206 with no home runs and 30 strikeouts in his first 34 games. He did not hit his first home run of the season until May 20 off Brett Cecil of the Toronto Blue Jays, ending a career-high 150 homerless at-bat streak. In June, <mask> broke out of his slump by hitting seven home runs with 22 RBI. He hit seven home runs in both July and August, including the 300th of his career against Luke Hochevar of the Kansas City Royals at Fenway Park on July 9. On September 17, <mask> hit his 270th career home run as a DH off José Arredondo of the Los Angeles Angels, breaking the all-time record held by Frank Thomas. However, <mask> finished the season with just a .238 average to go along with his 28 home runs and 99 RBI.He also struggled in the postseason, with just one hit in 12 at-bats. During 2009, <mask> did, however, play first base for the first time since the 2007 season. 2010 In 2010, <mask> again got off to a slow start, and questions loomed large about his future. <mask> batted just .143 in April, with a home run and 4 RBI. But <mask> returned to his All-Star form beginning with a hot May and finished at .270 with 32 home runs and 102 RBI for the year. His home run and RBI totals were both in the top 10 in the AL. At the All-Star Game, <mask> won the Home Run Derby contest, defeating Florida Marlins shortstop Hanley Ramírez in the final.A strong September where <mask> drove in 23 runs pushed him over the 100-RBI mark for the first time in three seasons. But despite <mask>'s resurgence, the Red Sox finished third in the AL East and failed to qualify for the postseason. At the end of the season, the Red Sox announced that they would pick up the $12.5 million team option on his contract for 2011, though <mask> had hoped for a multi-year extension instead. 2011 In 2011, <mask> continued to produce, batting .309 with 29 home runs and 96 RBI. He passed several milestones during the year. On April 2, he set the record for RBI by a designated hitter with 1,004, surpassing Edgar Martínez. Then, on May 21, <mask> became only the fifth player to hit 300 home runs as a member of the Red Sox, joining Ted Williams, Carl Yastrzemski, Jim Rice, and Dwight Evans.On July 15, <mask> was suspended for four games for his part in a brawl that took place on July 8 in a game against the Baltimore Orioles. <mask> charged Orioles pitcher Kevin Gregg after a brushback pitch and an exchange of words, triggering a bench-clearing brawl. In 2011, <mask> made his seventh All-Star Team. He also earned his fifth Silver Slugger Award at the end of the year, and, on October 20, Major League Baseball announced that <mask> was the winner of the Roberto Clemente Award. However, the Red Sox again failed to qualify for the postseason. Also at season's end, as <mask> and the Red Sox could not agree on a contract extension during the year, <mask> headed for free agency for the first time since being released by the Twins in 2003. However, on December 7, he accepted the Red Sox offer of salary arbitration, and the two sides again avoided hearings by agreeing to a $14.575 million figure for the 2012 season.2012 2012 began like <mask> had his sights set on MVP contention again, as he hit .405 over the season's first month, with six home runs and 20 RBI. On July 4, at O.co Coliseum in Oakland, <mask> hit his 400th career home run off of A. J. Griffin of the Oakland Athletics. However, on July 16, <mask> suffered an injury to his right Achilles tendon and was placed on the DL on July 19. He returned on August 24 but returned to the DL on August 27 after playing just one game. He finished the season with 23 home runs and 60 RBI while batting .318 in 90 games. On the date of his injury, the Red Sox were 46–44. However, without <mask>, the Red Sox cratered, going 23–49 over the last two and a half months of the season to finish last in the AL East.With free agency again looming, <mask> and the Red Sox agreed to terms on a two-year contract with $26 million, with incentives that could push the total value of the deal to $30 million. The deal was made official on November 5. 2013 <mask> rebounded from his injury to post a strong 2013 campaign as he once again guided the Red Sox to a first-place finish in the AL East. During the regular season, he hit 30 home runs, had 103 RBI and batted .309. He finished in the top 10 in all the categories in the AL. On April 20, before the first game played at Fenway Park since the Boston Marathon bombing and his first since August 2012 after an Achilles tendon injury, <mask> spoke emotionally to the crowd and stated, "This is our fucking city, and no one is going to dictate our freedom. Stay strong."<mask> reached several career milestones in 2013, including his 500th career double on July 2 and his 2,000th career hit on September 4. On July 10, <mask> passed Harold Baines to become the all-time leader for hits by a DH with 1,689. On July 27, <mask> was ejected by home-plate umpire Tim Timmons for arguing balls and strikes in a game against the Baltimore Orioles. After his ejection, <mask> used his bat to smash a pressbox phone in the dugout. Major League Baseball decided not to suspend <mask> for the incident. In the postseason, <mask> hit five home runs and 13 RBI while batting .353 to lead the Red Sox to a World Series championship, the franchise's eighth. In Game 2 of the AL Division Series against the Tampa Bay Rays, he hit two home runs off of Rays' ace pitcher <mask>.In Game 2 of the AL Championship Series versus the Detroit Tigers, <mask> hit a dramatic, game-tying grand slam off reliever Joaquín Benoit in the bottom of the eighth inning, helping propel the Red Sox to victory. In the World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, <mask> hit home runs in both Games 1 and 2, had six RBIs and batted .688 as the Red Sox won the series 4–2. He tied a Series record by reaching base nine times in a row, and the opposing Cardinals seemed to stop trying to get him out, with many intentional walks. <mask> won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award. <mask> gained several new nicknames from the media and his teammates as a result of his great postseason play such as "Señor Octubre" and "Cooperstown." He finished third in Boston's mayoral race that year with 560 write-in votes. He also finished 10th in AL MVP voting, the first season he garnered votes since 2007.2014 On March 23, 2014, <mask> signed a one-year, $16 million contract extension for the 2015 season. The extension also included two team option years to potentially keep him under contract with the Red Sox through the 2017 season. Once the season started, <mask> continued to hit well, homering 35 times to go along with 104 RBI and a .263 average. He again placed in the top 10 in the AL in both home runs and RBI. During a game against the Tampa Bay Rays on May 31, <mask> was hit by a pitch from <mask>, leading to both benches being warned. Price later hit Mike Carp which led to both benches clearing and an enraged <mask> shouting at Price. On June 29 at Yankee Stadium, <mask> homered off New York Yankees pitcher Chase Whitley for his 450th career home run.In a Boston Globe article, Red Sox great Carl Yastrzemski called <mask> the second greatest hitter in club history, stating "I would say as a hitter, I would say he's next to Ted [Williams]." 2015 In 2015, <mask> hit 37 home runs and had 108 RBI while batting .273. He finished in the top 10 in the AL in both home runs and RBIs for the eighth time in his career. On April 19, in a game at Fenway Park vs. the Baltimore Orioles, <mask> was ejected for arguing a check swing call. While arguing, <mask> bumped into umpire John Tumpane. Two days later, MLB suspended <mask> one game and fined him an undisclosed amount. On July 14, in an announcement prior to the MLB All-Star Game at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati, <mask> was selected as one of the "Franchise Four" of the Boston Red Sox.The selection of the "Franchise Four" (the greatest four players of all time for every MLB team) was determined by online voting by fans on the MLB.com website. Along with <mask>, Ted Williams, Carl Yastrzemski and <mask>'s friend Pedro Martínez were selected as the four greatest players in Boston Red Sox history. On September 5 at Fenway Park, <mask> hit his 30th home run of the season off of Jerome Williams of the Philadelphia Phillies. This marked the ninth time that <mask> hit 30 or more home runs in a season, the most in Red Sox history. On September 12, in a game against the Tampa Bay Rays at Tropicana Field, <mask> hit his 500th career home run off of Rays pitcher Matt Moore. He became only the 27th player in MLB history to reach that milestone. 2016 On November 18, 2015, his 40th birthday, <mask> announced on the website The

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Players' Tribune that he would retire following the 2016 season.In the final season of his career, <mask> hit 38 home runs—the most ever hit by a player in his final season—and had 127 RBI while batting .315. He finished in the top 10 in the AL in home runs and RBI for the ninth time in his career. He finished tied for first in the AL in RBI with Edwin Encarnación. <mask> led the AL and MLB with a 1.021 OPS, .620 slugging percentage, 87 extra base hits and 48 doubles. He had the highest percentage of hard-hit batted balls in the majors (45.9%). He also had the highest ISO (Isolated Power) of all MLB players in 2016, at .305. Throughout the season, opposing teams honored <mask> by presenting him with gifts, some humorous, when the Red Sox visited, similar to how teams had done when other stars like Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera were in their final season.For example, the New York Yankees presented <mask> with a painting of him at home plate in Yankee Stadium, as well as a book of notes to <mask> written by several former and current Yankees. When it was their turn, the Baltimore Orioles presented <mask> with the mangled dugout phone he had destroyed with a bat from his 2013 outburst. On May 14, at Fenway Park, <mask> hit a walk-off double to lead the Red Sox to a 6–5 victory over the Houston Astros; it was his 20th career walk-off hit. The double was the 600th of <mask>' career, making him the 15th player all time to reach the milestone. He also joined Hank Aaron and Barry Bonds as only the third player in MLB history with at least 500 career home runs and 600 career doubles. On August 24, in a game against the Tampa Bay Rays at Tropicana Field, <mask> hit his 30th home run of the season. He became the oldest MLB player to ever do so.In the same game, he also reached 100 RBI for the season. It was the tenth time in his career he reached both milestones, a Red Sox record. He hit his 625th career double two days later against the Royals, passing Hank Aaron for tenth place all-time. On October 2, during a pregame ceremony at Fenway Park for <mask> prior to the final game of the season, the Red Sox announced that his uniform number 34 would be retired during the 2017 season. Additionally, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker was on hand to announce the bridge that carries Brookline Avenue over the Massachusetts Turnpike would be dedicated in honor of <mask>. <mask>'s strong play in his final season was enough to get the Red Sox into the postseason, but a first-round sweep at the hands of the Cleveland Indians in the AL Division Series ended the Red Sox season on October 10. Following the loss at Fenway Park, <mask> came out and saluted the Boston fans in a tearful goodbye before leaving the field.On October 26, Major League Baseball announced that <mask> had won his second Hank Aaron Award as the outstanding offensive player in the AL. He was the 2016 Esurance MLB/This Year in Baseball Award winner for Best Hitter, his third time. In addition, <mask> also placed sixth in voting for 2016 AL MVP. Podcast In 2018, <mask> hosted a podcast, <mask>: The Big Papi Story alongside Michael Chiklis. The series had four episodes and discussed <mask>'s life and career. Personal life <mask>'s nickname "Big Papi" originates from his habit of calling people (and teammates) whose names he could not remember "Papi." The nickname was given to him by Red Sox broadcaster Jerry Remy.On June 11, 2008, <mask> became a United States citizen at John F. Kennedy Library in Boston. Family Each time <mask> crossed the plate after hitting a home run, he would look up and point both index fingers to the sky in tribute to his mother, Angela Rosa Arias, who died in a car crash in January 2002 at the age of 46. <mask> also has a tattoo of his mother on his biceps. <mask> and his wife, Tiffany, have three children. His wife hails from Kaukauna, Wisconsin, a town in between the cities of Green Bay and Appleton. After marrying Tiffany, <mask> became a fan of the Green Bay Packers. In April 2013, <mask> announced that he and his wife were separating, but they later reconciled.Since 2017, <mask> and his wife and two of their children have resided in Miami; he also maintains a home in the Dominican Republic where his oldest son, <mask>, lives with his mother, Fary Almanzar Fernandez. An home that <mask> bought in 2007 in Weston, Massachusetts, was put up for sale in February 2019; it sold in early 2021 for $3.5 million. <mask>'s daughter Alex sang the national anthem before the 2016 Red Sox home opener on April 11, 2016. , his son D'Angelo plays baseball at Westminster Christian School in Palmetto Bay, Florida. Business <mask> has received about $4.5 million in endorsements over the years. In April 2007, sporting-goods company Reebok debuted the Big Papi 10M Mid Baseball cleat, which <mask> first used during the 2007 MLB All Star Game in San Francisco, California. In October 2009, <mask> opened a nightclub called "Forty-Forty" in his native Dominican Republic. In April 2010, rapper and producer Jay-Z and his business partner Juan Perez sued <mask> for trademark infringement, alleging that the name of <mask>'s nightclub was stolen from Jay-Z's chain of sports clubs in New York.In March 2011, <mask> reached a settlement deal with Jay-Z and Perez. Charity work In 2007, <mask> founded the David Ortiz Children's Fund to support a range of his favorite causes and to help children, from Boston to the Dominican Republic and beyond. In 2008, <mask> allowed his likeness to be used on a charity wine label, called Vintage Papi, with proceeds going to the Children's Fund. In 2016, <mask> joined UNICEF Kid Power as a brand ambassador Kid Power Champion for a global mission in Burkina Faso. A 2017 roast of <mask> raised $335,000 for his Children's Fund. June 2019 shooting At approximately 8:50 p.m. Atlantic Standard Time on June 9, 2019, <mask> was shot and severely wounded while at the Dial Bar and Lounge in East Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Authorities stated that <mask> was "ambushed by a man who got off a motorcycle" and shot him in the back.According to <mask>'s spokesperson, <mask> underwent a six-hour operation performed by three local physicians at the Abel Gonzalez Clinic. During the surgery, a portion of his intestines and colon, as well as his gallbladder, were removed; liver damage was also reported. Jhoel López, a Dominican TV host who was with <mask>, was also wounded in the leg during the shooting. On June 10, a medical flight sent by the Red Sox brought <mask> to Boston, so he could receive further treatment at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). He underwent a second surgery shortly after arriving at MGH, and was reported to be "making good progress toward recovery." He was released from the hospital on July 26, 2019, following a third surgery; on July 29, 2019, his spokesperson released a statement saying that "Big Papi will be back soon." As of June 12, six suspects had been arrested in relation to the shooting and more were being sought.Police Major General Ney Aldrin Bautista Almonte revealed that the alleged organizer of the attack was promised 400,000 Dominican pesos (approximately $7,098) to carry out the attack. Security camera footage showed two men on a motorcycle allegedly planning the attack with a man in a car near the bar where the shooting took place. According to <mask>'s friends in the Dominican Republic, <mask> often went to popular nightspots with them without any security presence, "trusting his fans to protect him." By June 18, there were at least 11 suspects in custody. On June 19, the Dominican Attorney General's office announced that <mask> had not been the intended victim of the gunman and that the shooting had been carried out on the orders of Victor Hugo Gomez Vasquez, a known associate of a Mexican drug cartel. The intended victim, Gomez Vasquez's cousin Sixto <mask>, was a regular patron at the bar. Shortly before the shooting, an accomplice had snapped a picture of the intended victim to guide the shooter, but the picture was blurry and the man's black pants were obscured by a white object in the bar.The gunman went in, saw <mask> wearing white pants, and shot a single bullet at him. Gomez Vasquez was arrested on June 28, as was Alberto Miguel Rodriguez Mota, who allegedly took the photo of Fernández and <mask>. By July 29, 2019, at least 14 suspects had been arrested. <mask> was discharged from MGH on July 26, 2019 after a six week stay. On July 29, in his first Instagram comments since leaving the hospital, <mask> stated, "too bad I can't crush food yet." He made his first public appearance on September 9, throwing out a ceremonial first pitch at Fenway Park. Restraining order A restraining order was issued on May 21, 2020, against <mask> by Fary Almanzar Fernandez, who is also the mother of <mask>'s first born son, <mask> <mask>.<mask> was ordered to refrain from "annoying, intimidating or threatening his former partner in person or by phone." According to <mask>' former partner, he "intimidated and threatened" her. Alleged positive performance-enhancing-drug test in 2003 On July 30, 2009, The New York Times, citing anonymous sources, reported that <mask> was among a group of over 100 major league players on a list compiled by federal investigators, that allegedly tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs during Major League Baseball survey testing conducted in spring training of 2003. The survey testing was agreed to by Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association to determine the extent of performance-enhancing drug use among players before permanent testing was officially implemented starting in 2004. As part of the agreement, the results of the survey testing were supposed to remain confidential and no suspensions or penalties would be issued to any player testing positive. On August 8, 2009, <mask> held a press conference before a game at Yankee Stadium and denied ever buying or using steroids and suggested the positive test might have been due to his use of supplements and vitamins at the time. When asked which supplements he had been taking, <mask> said he did not know.<mask> was accompanied at the press conference by Michael Weiner, the general counsel of the Major League Baseball Players Association. Because the list of players was seized as part of a government investigation and is currently under court-ordered seal pending the outcome of litigation, Weiner said the players union was unable to provide <mask> with any details about his test result, including what substance he tested positive for. On the same day, both Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association issued statements pointing out that because of several factors, any player appearing on the list compiled by federal investigators in 2003 did not necessarily test positive for performance-enhancing drugs. Among those factors were that the total number of players said to be on the list far exceeded the number of collected specimens that tested positive. In addition, there were questions raised regarding the lab that performed the testing and their interpretation of the positive tests. Also, the statement pointed out that certain legal supplements that were available over the counter at the time could cause a positive test result. On October 2, 2016 at a press conference at Fenway Park, MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred said it was "entirely possible" <mask> did not test positive during the MLB survey drug testing in 2003.The commissioner stated that the alleged failed test should not harm <mask>'s legacy, and that there were "legitimate scientific questions about whether or not those were truly positives". Manfred added "Those particular tests were inconclusive because "it was hard to distinguish between certain substances that were legal, available over the counter, and not banned under our program." He also said "<mask> has never been a positive at any point under our program" since MLB began testing in 2004 and that it is unfair for Hall of Fame voters to consider "leaks, rumors, innuendo and non-confirmed positive test results" when assessing a player. <mask> was included on the ballot when it was announced on November 22, 2021. That ballot is also the first for Alex Rodriguez, and the 10th and final ballot for Barry Bonds, Roger Clemens, Curt Schilling, and Sammy Sosa. Various sportswriters viewed <mask> as being likely to receive the 75% of votes required for induction, in his first appearance on the ballot. On January 25, 2022, <mask> was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame with 77.9% of the vote; he was the only player voted in by the Baseball Writers’ Association of America (six more inductees were selected by the Golden Days and Early Baseball Era committees).See also 50 home run club 500 home run club Boston Red Sox all-time roster List of Boston Red Sox award winners List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders List of Major League Baseball career bases on balls leaders List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders List of Major League Baseball career extra base hits leaders List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders List of Major League Baseball career strikeouts by batters leaders List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders List of Major League Baseball doubles records List of Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic Minnesota Twins all-time roster Dominican-Americans in Boston References External links <mask> at SABR (Baseball BioProject) <mask> on Instagram. Archived from the original 1975 births Living people 2006 World Baseball Classic players 2009 World Baseball Classic players American League All-Stars American League Championship Series MVPs American League home run champions American League RBI champions American shooting survivors American sportspeople of Dominican Republic descent Arizona League Mariners players Boston Red Sox players Dominican Republic emigrants to the United States Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States Fort Myers Miracle players Gulf Coast Twins players Leones del Escogido players Major League Baseball broadcasters Major League Baseball designated hitters Major League Baseball first basemen Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic Major League Baseball players with retired numbers Minnesota Twins players New Britain Rock Cats players Pawtucket Red Sox players People with acquired American citizenship Portland Sea Dogs players Salt Lake Buzz players Silver Slugger Award winners Sportspeople from Santo Domingo Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players World Baseball Classic players of the Dominican Republic World Series Most Valuable Player Award

Mike Pierce

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<mask> (born September 1, 1980) is a retired American professional mixed martial artist. He formerly competed as a Welterweight in the UFC and also competed in a one-fight stint in the WEC. Personal life <mask> is married and has two children; Madison and Michael, & three stepchildren; Anthony, Alex, and Amelia. <mask> was born and raised in Portland, Oregon, on September 1, 1980. <mask> competed in wrestling at Sam Barlow High School in Gresham, Oregon and then continued his career at Portland State University where he was a two-time All-American. Mixed martial arts career Ultimate Fighting Championship <mask> defeated former WEC contender Brock Larson via unanimous decision in his UFC debut at UFC Fight Night 19. <mask> was expected to fight Josh Koscheck on January 11, 2010 at UFC Fight Night 20.However, Koscheck instead fought Anthony Johnson at UFC 106 and <mask> went on to face Jon Fitch on December 12, 2009 at UFC 107. After losing the first two rounds, <mask> dominated the end of the third round, nearly finishing Fitch. He lost to Fitch via unanimous decision (29-28, 29-28, 29-28). <mask> was scheduled to face Rob Kimmons on March 21, 2010 at UFC Live: Vera vs. Jones, but Kimmons was forced off the card with an injury. <mask> instead faced UFC newcomer Julio Paulino. <mask> won the fight via unanimous decision (30-27, 30-27, 30-27). <mask> again fought another UFC newcomer in Amilcar Alves on August 28, 2010 at UFC 118.He won the fight via submission (straight armbar) in the third round. For the third consecutive time <mask> fought a UFC newcomer in Kenny Robertson on February 5, 2011 at UFC 126. He won the fight via TKO due to punches early into the second round. <mask> faced Johny Hendricks on August 6, 2011 at UFC 133. <mask> lost the fight against Hendricks by split decision. At UFC on Fox 1, on November 12, 2011, <mask> fought Paul Bradley in a rematch from their time on the regional circuit. He won the fight via split decision.<mask> next faced Josh Koscheck on February 4, 2012 at UFC 143. He lost the fight via split decision. <mask> defeated Carlos Eduardo Rocha on June 8, 2012 at UFC on FX 3 by unanimous decision. After a dominant performance by <mask>, initially 2 judges scored the fight 30-27 for <mask>, while the 3rd judge inexplicably scored it 30-27 for Rocha. However, it was later announced that the judge, Ric Bays, had scored the fight for the wrong corner and he had actually won unanimously. <mask> fought Aaron Simpson on October 5, 2012 at UFC on FX 5. After a dominant first round put in by Simpson, nearly finishing <mask> on two occasions, <mask> came back, and 29 seconds into the second round, finished Simpson via one punch KO.<mask> faced Seth Baczynski on December 15, 2012 at UFC on FX 6, replacing an injured Kyle Noke. He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> fought David Mitchell on July 6, 2013 at UFC 162. After a close first round, <mask> won via TKO in the second round after landing a short left hook to the jaw and following up with ground and pound. <mask> next faced Rousimar Palhares on October 9, 2013 at UFC Fight Night 29. He lost the fight via heel hook submission just 31 seconds into the first round. However, Palhares continued cranking the heel hook even after <mask> tapped out and the referee stepped in, leading the UFC to cut ties with Palhares the next day.<mask> suffered a sprained MCL and a torn ankle ligament. <mask> was expected to face Demian Maia on May 31, 2014 at The Ultimate Fighter Brazil 3 Finale. However, <mask> had to pull out of the fight due to a broken hand. After over two years away from the sport, <mask> returned from extended hiatus to face Ryan LaFlare on December 11, 2015 at The Ultimate Fighter 22 Finale. He lost the back-and-forth fight by unanimous decision. On January 29, 2016, <mask> was released from the UFC. Mixed martial arts record |- |Loss |align=center|17–7 |Ryan LaFlare |Decision (unanimous) |The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs.

Marvin Davis

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<mask><mask> (August 31, 1925 – September 25, 2004) was an American industrialist. He made his fortunes as the chair of Davis Petroleum and at one time owned 20th Century Fox, the Pebble Beach Corporation, the Beverly Hills Hotel, and the Aspen Skiing Company. Early life and education <mask> was raised in a Jewish family, the son of <mask> and Jean Spitzer. He has one younger sister Joan (born 1929). His father came to the United States from London as a teenager in 1917 and later joined the British Navy after reportedly applying for a college scholarship but being denied it because he was Jewish. <mask> became a successful fashion buyer for New York department stores. In 1939 he partnered with Ray Ryan, who owned the Ryan Oil Company, and they started the Davis Oil Company.<mask> graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering from New York University in 1947. Petroleum business He joined his father in the oil exploration business and was later nicknamed "Mr. Wildcatter." The Davis Oil Company drilled for oil and gas in the West beginning in the 1940s and was incorporated in 1986 as Davis Petroleum, headquartered in Denver, Colorado. In 1960s-1980s, it became a leading independent oil and gas producer in the United States, focusing on drilling in Wyoming, where the company owned a 150-mile pipeline. <mask>'s son <mask> took over as president of Davis Petroleum and Davis Offshore in 1997. <mask> senior's partner Ray Ryan was a pioneer of the oil deal known as the "third for a quarter," where investors in a wildcat oil well would each buy one-quarter of the well's production for a third of the cost of drilling the well, leaving all costs paid and Davis and Ryan owners of one-quarter of the well.<mask> developed the oil business, and also became a major real estate developer in Denver, acquiring a shopping center and office complex. <mask> offered to purchase the Oakland Athletics from Charlie Finley for $12 million on December 12, 1977, with the intention of moving the franchise to Denver. The Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Authority filed a lawsuit to block the sale because Finley had ten years remaining on a lease that began with the transfer of the ballclub's operations from Kansas City for the 1968 season. <mask> ended negotiations on January 23, 1978, and the Athletics remained in Oakland under Finley's continued ownership. In 1981, <mask> sold most of his oil holdings for $600 million to the Canadian company Hiram Walker-Consumers Home, Ltd. The United States Justice Department accused one of his <mask>' companies of violating federal oil-pricing policies. The case was settled in 1981, with <mask> paying a $20,000 fine.Business partners accused him in civil lawsuits of inflating the results of his oil wells. 20th Century Fox and later career In 1981, <mask> acquired 20th Century Fox for $722 million with financier Marc Rich. Fox's assets included Pebble Beach Golf Links, the Aspen Skiing Company, and a Century City property upon which he built and twice sold Fox Plaza, which was made famous as the "Nakatomi building" in the original Die Hard film. While <mask> was head of 20th Century Fox, President Ronald Reagan and his wife, Nancy, complained to him about excessive sexuality in films. Reagan suggested to <mask> that he produce films that implied, instead of showing, sex, in the style of director Ernst Lubitsch. In 1984 <mask> appointed Barry Diller, formerly chairman and chief executive officer of Paramount Pictures, to the chairman and CEO role at 20th Century Fox. Diller asked <mask> for complete control, with <mask> promising to provide financing for the studio.Fox's financial situation was precarious, with the company owing $600 million. Banks would not provide any extension to the loan, and Diller pressed <mask> for the new equity he had promised to put into Fox. Diller claims that <mask> stalled and suggested that Diller call Michael Milken for a $250 million junk-bond loan, which would have been Diller's, not <mask>', responsibility. By 1985, Rich was in Switzerland during an indictment that was filed against him by the United States due to his violation of sanctions against his commodity trades with Iran. Marc Rich had arranged with <mask> for <mask> to buy out his interest in 20th Century Fox for $116 million. <mask> sold this interest to Rupert Murdoch for $250 million in March 1984. <mask> later backed out of a deal with Murdoch to purchase John Kluge's Metromedia television stations, which would form what is now the Fox network.Murdoch went alone and bought the studios, and later bought out <mask> remaining stake in 20th Century Fox for $325 million. <mask> sold Pebble Beach to Japanese businessman Minoru Isutani for $841 million in 1990. Winning a bidding war against the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, <mask> bought the Beverly Hills Hotel for $135 million in 1986. <mask> later sold the hotel to the sultan for a $65 million profit. In 1999, <mask> attempted to build a stadium in Los Angeles to lure the National Football League to award the city an expansion franchise during the era when the NFL was absent from Los Angeles. The expansion team ultimately went to Houston and became the Houston Texans. In later years, <mask> was linked to takeover targets including Northwest Airlines, US Airways, CBS, NBC and T. Boone Pickens' Mesa.A proponent of greenmail, the threatening of takeover bids that never come to pass, <mask> said "All you have to do is look at the pretty girl and everyone thinks you're sleeping with her. You don't have to put up any money". In 2002 a deal that was structured by Ramy El-Batrawi, <mask> made an unsolicited $15 billion bid for the entertainment assets of Vivendi. The Denver Broncos National Football League team was targeted by failed takeover bids from <mask>. Family disputes <mask>'s eldest daughter, <mask> Raynes, sued her four siblings, her mother, and several of the family's advisers, alleging that they had all helped her father to systematically steal her trust fund before his death. Her lawsuit alleged that <mask> had entrapped and beaten Patricia in an attempt to get her to sign documents giving him control over her finances. <mask> later settled with all 14 parties named in her complaint, and the case was closed in January 2008.By the conclusion of <mask>' case, sister <mask> had taken her brother Gregg to court over the sale of Davis Petroleum, in March 2006. <mask> alleged that her brother and his partners vastly undervalued the company and thereby denied her (and her mother and siblings) of as much as $50 million in proceeds. Lawyers for <mask> deny the allegations. The Texas bankruptcy court that had originally approved the deal to sell Davis Petroleum ruled in favor of Gregg and his partners, then a district-court judge dismissed Nancy's appeal. As of 2009 the case had bounced back to the bankruptcy court. Philanthropy and political donations <mask> was a long-time philanthropist, especially for medical research. A research building at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles is named for him.The <mask>'s daughter Dana is a diabetic, and they founded the Children's Diabetes Foundation which hosts the biannual Carousel of Hope ball to raise money for juvenile diabetes. <mask> and his wife were for many years major donors and fundraisers for the Democratic Party. When President Bill Clinton failed to appear personally at the Carousel of Hope ball and instead sent a videotaped message, <mask> told a reporter: "There are 25 people in our family...I told the White House person, "You are now talking to 25 new Republicans"". Personal life <mask> was married for 53 years to Barbara Levine. They had five children and as of November 2005, fourteen grandchildren: <mask>, a Type 1 diabetic, is an active philanthropist with a focus on diabetes. She began her career as an elementary school teacher but was forced to retire due to diabetes-related foot problems which required eight separate surgeries. Unhappy with the stylishly poor selection of shoes available for people with foot problems, she developed her own line of footwear, Dana Davis Shoes, which meshed the required comfort levels with high fashion.She is now the executive director of the Children's Diabetes Foundation. <mask> was the President of Davis Petroleum Corp., Davis Petroleum Pipeline, and Davis Offshore, the family's former oil and gas companies. He is the former husband of American actress Kim Richards. <mask> and Richards had two children together: daughter Whitney and son Chad. Patricia Ann <mask> married New York real estate developer Martin Raynes in a Jewish ceremony in 1983. In 2005, Patricia sued her mother and four siblings alleging that they "looted" a trust fund set up by her paternal grandfather, Jack, who created the original Davis Oil Co. that was the foundation of the family's wealth. <mask> (born 1954) is an American film producer and the founder of Davis Entertainment.<mask> Rickel, diagnosed with Multiple sclerosis, is an active supporter of charities dedicated to its cure. She has been married twice. Her first husband was Turkish American wine grower, Nebil Zarif. They had three children: <mask>, <mask> and actor <mask>. Her second husband is entrepreneur Ken Rickel. They have twin daughters: Isabella and Mariella. She is also the godmother of Nicole Richie.Friend Aaron Spelling loosely based the "Carrington" characters of his hit TV series Dynasty on the <mask>es, even filming an episode at their Colorado home. In 1993 <mask> and his wife were robbed of $10 million of jewels and $50,000 cash by masked gunmen while on holiday in the south of France. The <mask>es purchased The Knoll, a 45,000-square-foot house in Beverly Hills from Kenny Rogers. The <mask>es became famed for their Christmas parties. <mask> is interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles. References 1925 births 2004 deaths 20th Century Fox people American people of British-Jewish descent American billionaires American energy industry businesspeople American philanthropists American film studio executives American socialites <mask> family Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery California Democrats California Republicans Jewish American philanthropists Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni

Jonah Sithole

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<mask> (1952–1997) was a Zimbabwean guitarist, vocalist and composer, known particularly for the mbira-inspired style known as mbira-guitar or chimurenga music. Early life <mask> was born in the province of Masvingo and grew up in the mining town of Zvishavane (formerly Shabani), where his older brother worked as a miner as well as a musician for the mining camp band. <mask> first picked up the guitar as a twelve-year-old. When his brother was at work, he would play his guitar, imitating the sounds that his brother practiced around the house. <mask> eventually moved to Bulawayo, where he attended Mpopoma High School until he was expelled in 1969, when he was a form 2 student. By then he was a decent guitar and bass player, so he followed his brother to Kwekwe and convinced him to admit him to his band, the Jairosi Jiri Kwela Kings, as a bass player. A few months later, in 1970, the band got a bar contract in Mbare, Harare and became known as the Delphans.<mask> became the band's rhythm guitarist. Professional career When the Delphans got a contract to play in Gweru, <mask> decided to remain in Harare with the purpose of starting his own band. In 1971, just three months into his first stint as a bandleader, he was approached by Jackson Phiri, leader of the Limpopo Jazz Band, a soukous (also known as Congolese rumba) outfit, to be their guitarist. The Lipopo Jazz Band was anxious to break into the increasingly competitive bar music scene by having a band members who could sing in the local languages. While with the Limpopo Jazz Band, <mask> learned to play Congolese rumba guitar styles. He was particularly enthralled by the guitar stylings of rumba Franco Luambo, but he also began developing the more traditional mbira inspired guitar sound for the Shona songs. In 1974, the Lipopo Jazz Band recorded the song Ndozvireva, which was an adaptation of the mbira song Taisireva.Together with the Hallelujah Chicken Run band's Ngoma Yarira (based on the traditional Karigamombe) and the M.D. Success's Kumntongo (based on the mbira song Kuzanga), the song was one of the first to transcribe mbira progressions onto guitar. Soon after that, the foreign members of the Lipopo Jazz Band were deported, and <mask> found himself playing with a slew of hotel bands with no names: “Most of these bands did not have names. They just had contracts. They belonged to that place. It's only now people realize it's important to have names.” <mask> played a short stint with the Great Sounds, another outfit that specialized in Congolese rumba, before moving to Mutare in 1974 to play with the Pepsi Combo. <mask> suggested a name change to Vibrations and then Drifters.They played at the Zimunya Hotel, just outside Mutare for about a year before the band moved to Harare determined to land a performing contract. He approached the owner of the Jamaica Inn, located just outside Harare, but a vocalist without a band, Thomas Mapfumo, recently fired from the Hallelujah Chicken Run Band, had talked his way into a contract and use of the hotel musical kit. Since <mask> had a band but no contract or equipment, the two decided to join forces. They performed together at the Jamaica Inn for about two months until they were approached by a Harare businessman to perform at the Mushandira Pamwe Nightclub in Highfield, Harare. At this time, <mask> and Mapfumo were playing an "afro-rock" rather than the mbira-based style for which they were to become famous. After about three months, <mask> was muscled out of the group, but a few months later he used his influence with a new nightclub owner to rejoin Thomas Mapfumo and form the Blacks Unlimited (1975). Later that year, financial difficulties forced <mask> to part ways with the Blacks Unlimited, and after a second stint with the Great Sounds, he moved back to Mutare and formed a new band, The Storm.In 1977, with The Storm, <mask> released his first single Sabhuku, which showcased <mask>'s unique approach to the mbira-guitar style. It was also during the period from 1976-77 that <mask> started specializing in mbira music (Turino, p. 300). It was the authenticity of his chimurenga sound that prompted Thomas Mapfumo to disband his Acid Jazz (with the exception of guitarist Leonard Pickett Chiyangwa) and approach <mask> in 1978 to reform the Blacks Unlimited. <mask> also played guitar on Thomas Mapfumo's first album, Hokoyo! (recorded in 1977)although he was not officially part of the Acid Band. As Thomas and <mask> moved towards a more mbira-based repertoire, Thomas felt that Leonard Chiyangwa was not improving quickly enough in this new style, largely because his heavy drinking left him struggling with the hours of rehearsal. Leonard Chiyangwa was dismissed from the Blacks Unlimited as a consequence.<mask> played with Thomas Mapfumo and The Blacks Unlimited until 1981, and during this period the two teamed up to craft some of the most inspired songs of the chimurenga genre, including such classics as Pfumvu Paruzevha, Kuyaura, Shumba, Chitima Cherusununguko, Bhutsu Mutandarika, Chauya Chiruzevha, Dangurangu and Chipatapata. It was also during this period that Thomas Mapfumo was incarcerated for three months by the Ian Smith regime for his subversive lyrics. <mask> managed to keep the band going by taking over the lead vocal duties and recruiting a young guitar prodigy by the name of Ashton “Sugar” Chiweshe into the band. In 1981, <mask> left the Blacks Unlimited to pursue a career as band leader with Deep Horizon.. His highlight single during that time was Kana Ndaguta (he recorded this song a decade later, but the lyric about assaulting his mother when drunk was conspicuously missing from the newer and more readily available version). In May 1985, Thomas Mapfumo was preparing to embark on his first European tour, and he asked <mask> to rejoin the Blacks Unlimited. <mask> stayed with the Blacks Unlimited until 1989, and this period saw him evolving his mbira-guitar sound to unreached heights. This was in part necessitated by the use, for the first time, of real mbiras in the Blacks Unlimited sound.Some of the highlights of this period include the classic albums Zimbabwe-Mozambique (1987) and Varombo Kuvarombo (1989, known outside Zimbabwe as Corruption). Many consider these two albums to be the Blacks Unlimited's best, and <mask>'s now mature guitar style plays a big role. <mask>'s signature sound is also reflected in massive singles such as Kariba, Ngoma Yekwedu, Nyamutamba Nemombe and Tongosienda. In 1989, <mask> left the Blacks Unlimited once more, and played as a session musician, notably with the Pied Pipers as well as with the famed 1950s era marabi singer Dorothy Masuka, who had recently returned to Zimbabwe. In 1992, <mask> formed a new band, the Deep Horizon. Sabhuku, a compilation album highlighting the signature tracks from their 1992 and 1993 releases was released internationally in 1996. In 1995, <mask> rejoined the Blacks Unlimited and performed on three albums;, the afro-rock venture Afro Chimurenga, Roots Chimurenga and the live-in-studio album Chimurenga: African Spirit Music which was recorded during a UK tour.<mask>'s health started rapidly failing him soon after. He appeared on only one song, Tipeiwo Mari, on the 1997 album Chimurenga Movement. He died of AIDS complications in August of that year. Personal life <mask> was married to Gladys Maigurira. They had only two children; Tichaona <mask>, born in 1982 and Tendai <mask>, born in 1986. Tendai suddenly died in Birmingham, UK in 2006 and was buried in Harare. He was an aspiring artist like his father <mask> and won talent awards for best artist in his adopted home of Birmingham.Tichaona is also a music producer and has previously worked on projects with Zimbabwean artists like Jusa Dementor and Juss Russ. Guitar Style While <mask> was fluent in many guitar styles, including rumba and afro-jazz, he is best known for his chimurenga guitar style, where he excelled in the “art of combining three- and four-beat rhythms in lyrical, flowing melodic lines.” <mask> set himself apart from other mbira-guitarists by the emotional expressiveness of his playing, which he achieved by using the mbira or vocalists to develop his guitar melodies rather that by merely accompanying the mbira or “filling in the gaps.” His album Sabhuku is filled with tracks that highlight his style (Sabhuku, Kusasana, Kana Ndaguta, Ereniya). With the Blacks Unlimited, <mask>'s evolution can be tracked by listening to the albums Gwindingwi Rine Shumba(1980), Chimurenga For Justice (1985), Zimbabwe-Mozambique (1987), Varombo Kuvarombo (Corruption, 1989), Chimurenga:African Spirit Music (1995) and Roots Chimurenga (1996). Various singles compilations also feature <mask>'s work from the mid-seventies until 1986. References Zimbabwean guitarists 20th-century Zimbabwean male singers People from Midlands Province 1952 births 1997 deaths 20th-century guitarists

Gregory Maguire

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<mask> (born June 9, 1954) is an American novelist. He is the author of Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister, and several dozen other novels for adults and children. Many of <mask>'s adult novels are inspired by classic children's stories; Wicked transforms the Wicked Witch of the West from L. Frank Baum's 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and its 1939 film adaptation into the misunderstood green-skinned Elphaba Thropp. The blockbuster 2003 Broadway musical Wicked was inspired by <mask>'s first novel for adults. Written by Stephen Schwartz and Winnie Holzman, the musical is currently Broadway's fifth longest-running show (surpassing Les Misérables on October 28, 2019), and at its peak nine companies ran simultaneously around the world. Biography <mask>, born and raised in Albany, New York, is the middle child of seven. Schooled in Catholic institutions through high school, he received a BA in English and Art from the State University of New York at Albany, an MA in Children's Literature from Simmons College, and a PhD in English and American Literature from Tufts University.His doctoral thesis was about English-language fantasy written for children between 1938 and 1988. He was a professor and co-director at the Simmons College Center for the Study of Children's Literature from 1979 to 1986. In 1987, <mask> co-founded a nonprofit educational charity, Children's Literature New England, Inc., and was co-director for twenty-five years. He has been a board member of the National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance, and has served on boards at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, the Board of Associates of the Boston Public Library, the Concord Free Press, among others. <mask> has lived in Dublin, London, and the greater Boston area. While he published his first novel for children at the age of 24, his professional life includes commitments to literacy and literature education alongside his creative work. He met the American painter Andy Newman in 1997, and in 1999 they adopted the first of their three children.Two others followed in 2001 and 2002. <mask> and Newman were married in June 2004, shortly after gay marriage became legal in Massachusetts. The novelist is an occasional reviewer for the Sunday New York Times Book Review. He has contributed and performed original material for NPR's "All Things Considered" and has lectured widely around the world on literature and culture. <mask> and his family were featured on "Oprah" and he was the subject of a Sunday New York Times Magazine profile by Alex Witchel. His adult novels regularly make New York Times and national bestseller lists. Egg & Spoon (2014), a fantasy for young adults, was a Boston Globe-Horn Book Honor Book and is under option by Universal Studios; After Alice (2015), a novel for adults, is published on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.Personal life <mask> was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa in 2008 at SUNY Albany. He is Catholic. )Fee, Fie, Foe et Cetera (2002), published in The Green Man: Tales from the Mythic ForestThe Oakthing (2004), published in The Faery Reel: Tales from the Twilight RealmChatterbox, published in I Believe in Water: Twelve Brushes With ReligionThe Honorary Shepherds (1994), published in Am I Blue?

Eknath Ranade

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<mask> (19 November 1914 – 22 August 1982), popularly referred to as <mask>, was a social activist and leader, motivated by the twin spirits of nationalism and spiritualism, and known for his great organisational abilities. Having joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) while still in school, he became an important organiser and leader for the organisation, rising through its ranks to serve as its general secretary from 1956 to 1962. <mask> was greatly influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda, and compiled a book of Vivekananda's writings. During the 1963–72 period, Ranade played an instrumental role in the construction of the Vivekananda Rock Memorial and the Vivekananda Kendra at Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. Early life and education <mask> was born on 19 November 1914 in Timtala, Amravati district in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. In 1920 his family moved to Nagpur and Ranade had his primary education in Pradanavispura School. In 1932 he passed his matriculation examination from the New English High School in Nagpur.After getting a Master of Arts degree in philosophy with honours, he went on to earn an L.L.B from Sagar University in Jabalpur in 1945. Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh <mask> served as an important activist, ideologue and leader for Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a volunteer organisation espousing a philosophy of Hindu Nationalism. He was influenced during his schooling years by K.B. Hedgewar, who founded the RSS in 1925, which <mask> joined as a Swayamsevak (volunteer) in 1926. After working for the RSS in Nagpur, in 1938 Ranade moved to Mahakoshal, Madhya Pradesh as a Pranth Pracharak (Provincial organiser). Following the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948, the RSS was banned, and many of its senior functionaries faced arrest. Ranade went underground during this time to lead organizational efforts, earning the moniker of the Underground Sarsanghchalak.At the same time a Satyagraha was launched by the RSS under the direction of its leader M. S. Golwalkar to lift the ban. With Golwalkar arrested on 15 November, <mask> led the satyagraha and participated in secret negotiations with Home Minister Sardar Patel. As a condition for rescinding the RSS ban, Patel insisted that the RSS should be organised with a written constitution. A constitution was drawn up by <mask> in association with P. B. Dani and Balasaeb Deoras but it fell short of expectations of the Government and as a result it was redrafted to include clauses such as allegiance to the Indian Constitution and National Flag, shunning violence, enrolling under aged to the movement only with the permission of their parents, setting procedures for election of sarsanghchalak and so forth. With these modifications which were accepted in June 1949 by the government the ban imposed on RSS was revoked on 11 July 1949. In 1950 he worked as a Kshetra Pracharak for Poorvanchal Kshetra comprising Bengal, Orissa, and Assam. In Calcutta, he established a Vastuhara Sahayata Samiti (lit.Committee to help the dispossessed) to aid refugees from Pakistan following the Partition of India. In 1953 <mask> became the Akhil Bharatiya Prachar Pramukh (lit. All-India Propagation Chief) From 1956 to 1962, <mask> served as RSS's general secretary. During this period he tried to refocus RSS towards the task of character-building, instead of a pursuing a more activist stance in co-ordination with affiliated organisations; these efforts met with resistance from other senior leaders in RSS. In 1962, he was selected as All India Baudhik Pramukh of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. On his death <mask> was honoured as a Karmayogi by RSS publication, Organiser. Vivekananda Memorial and Kendra Ranade was deeply influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda.In 1963, during the centenary year of Swami Vivekananda's birth, he published a selection of Vivekananda's writing under the title Rousing Call to Hindu Nation, as a personal tribute. The same year, <mask> conceived the idea of building a monument to Vivekananda at the mid-sea rock location near Kanyakumari, where Vivekananda had meditated for three days in December 1892. After receiving enthusiastic responses to the scheme from RSS chief M. S. Golwalkar and others, Ranade established the Vivekananda Rock Memorial Organising Committee and became its Organizing Secretary. Various branches of the committee were established across the country (with future BJP leader L. K. Advani serving as the organising secretary of the Delhi branch) to build support, and later raise funds, for the memorial. When the idea was initially rejected by the Minister of Education and Culture Humayun Kabir, Ranade drummed up support from over 300 members of the Indian Parliament, which led to the project receiving approval from Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. <mask> also managed to win endorsement for the project from a diverse section of the political and spiritual community, including sections traditionally in opposition to RSS. After the project was approved, <mask> led a cadre of volunteers to raise funds for construction from donors across the country; state governments and the central Government of India also contributed towards the Rs.12.5 million fund total.The Rock Memorial was completed in 1970, and inaugurated by President of India V. V. Giri on 2 September. During the birth centenary celebrations in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi recalled the effectiveness of the Jan-Bhagidaari (Participation of people) scheme that was used by <mask>ji. This scheme encouraged every citizen of the country to pay 1 rupee as a donation so that everyone would be a part of this mission. Two years later, <mask> founded the Vivekananda Kendra, centred at Kanyakumari with branches elsewhere, as a Hindu spiritual organisation based on the principles of "Renunciation and Service" preached by Vivekananda. The Kendra is a "lay service organization" without a guru or propagation of a "guru culture" though it was influenced by the teachings of Vivekananda. It has 206 branches in various parts of the country. He did not endorse the status of an "avatar-hood" (god incarnate) to the Kendra.He therefore neither promoted himself or Vivekananda to the status of worship at the center but promoted the use of Omkara as its guiding principle. It was his view that by adopting Omkara as guru the entire class of gurus of the country are honoured. <mask> became the President of the Vivekananda Kendra in 1978, after serving as its general secretary. A documentary titled "Eknathji: One Life - One Mission" has been made by Vivekananda Kendra on his life. Death and legacy <mask> died in Madras (now Chennai) on 22 August 1982. On 23 August 1982, he was cremated at Vivekanandapuram, Kanyakumari. Publications Ranade's publications are the "Swami Vivekananda's Rousing Call to Hindu Nation, the "Sadhana of Service" (1985), the "Story of Vivekananda Rock Memorial" and the "Kendra Unfolds".See also Alasinga Perumal Citations References Further reading 1982 deaths 1914 births Activists from Maharashtra People from Amravati district Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University alumni Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks

Tim Rogers (musician)

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<mask> (born 1 September 1969), known professionally as <mask>, is an Australian musician, actor and writer, best known as the frontman of Australian rock band You Am I. He has also recorded solo albums with backing bands. As of July 2013, <mask> has released 12 albums with You Am I and five solo albums. Early life Born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, <mask> moved between towns multiple times during his adolescence, including Adelaide and Canberra. Following his primary school years in Applecross, a suburb of Perth, <mask> later became school captain at Sydney school Oakhill College. <mask> studied law at the Australian National University in Canberra, aged 18, though did not complete a degree. While at ANU, <mask> lived at Toad Hall residential accommodation, and worked part-time at Canberra Theatre.During this time, <mask> met Andy Kent, who later became the long-term bass player of You Am I. Music Influences <mask> regards Keith Richards (The Rolling Stones), Pete Townshend (The Who) and Paul Westerberg (The Replacements) as his three formative musical heroes, becoming aware of each of those artists as a teenager. Throughout his career, <mask> eventually supported all three of these heroes as a musician: You Am I supported The Rolling Stones in 2003, The Who in 2004, and The Replacements in 2015. <mask> regards Paul Westerberg as his favourite songwriter, The Replacements as his favourite band, and regards Bring the Family (1987) by John Hiatt as his favourite album, although he has listed other albums in similar lists at other times. The first band that <mask> joined which performed in front of crowds was Box the Jesuit, which he was a member of for roughly a dozen shows. <mask> later referred to Goose (real name: Stephen Gray) from Box the Jesuit as his 'mentor', with <mask> later writing the song "Paragon Cafe" about his experience travelling along the Hume Highway to attend Goose's funeral in 1993. You Am I <mask> formed You Am I with school friend Nick Tischler and older brother Jaimme <mask> in 1989.Although the line-up regularly changed during the band's early period, Andy Kent and Mark Tunaley eventually settled on bass guitar and drums, respectively. Kent had previously been the band's sound mixer before joining as a musician. After the recording of their debut album Sound As Ever Tunaley was asked to leave the band and Russell 'Rusty' Hopkinson joined. Second guitarist Davey Lane, initially part of The Twin Set touring band, joined in 1999. Solo career <mask> released his first solo album What Rhymes With Cars And Girls in 1999 after his relocation to Melbourne. <mask> later provided a brief background for an album that was recorded over a three-week period on an eight-track digital recorder: "I had some time alone and I found myself writing some songs and then I just thought, well it looks like You Am I's not going to be recording for a while, while we're waiting for albums to come out overseas, so I wanna make a record…" Recorded at the home studio of Weddings Parties Anything band member Jen Anderson, the album mostly consists of country/folk-style songs, even though <mask> hesitated at the idea of a country sound. <mask> used the name The Twin Set for his backing band, as well as for the corresponding tour.He later won an ARIA award for Best Male Artist for the album. On 29 September 2007, <mask> released his fourth solo album The Luxury of Hysteria, the first album for which his name is the sole performing credit, although The Temperance Union performed on the album. <mask> also created his own record label, Ruby Q, to release the album. Writing for The Age newspaper (Victoria, Australia), Michael Dwyer wrote in an October 2007 review: <mask> never sounded as lost as on this strange, beautiful album .... The first three songs are troubled inner monologues. A Quiet Night In and When Yer Sad infuse the act of being alone with Shakespearean gravity. Much of the rest is like personal correspondence, written late at night when feelings are raw and references obscure.There's no mistaking the mood, though: regret and bewilderment bounce off each other like booze and smokes. Australian music writer Ed Nimmervoll described The Luxury of Hysteria as: "Reflective, brutally honest and painful- but never self indulgent …" Ten years after the release of What Rhymes With Cars and Girls, <mask>, together with musicians from the original recording sessions, played several live performances in the Australian cities of Sydney and Melbourne during April 2009 for a limited tour that involved the album played live in its entirety. The concerts lacked Stuart Speed, the album's bass guitarist, who had died. Anderson reflected upon the album's significance prior to the commencement of the shows, "Moving to Melbourne for him [<mask>] was a fresh start. He didn’t choose to talk about it [the relationship] and I didn’t bring it up. It was a healing, moving on process for him. And it was best to leave it at that—let him work through what was going on in his life and introduce him to some new musical buddies in Melbourne."For <mask>'s fifth solo album, his second without a backing band, he signed with FOUR FOUR, an imprint of ABC Music. Entitled <mask> Sings Rogerstein, the album was released on 24 August 2012 and was produced by long-time collaborator Shane O'Mara. The album's title refers to Shel <mask>, an American whom <mask> met on a train in Southern France. <mask> revealed in 2013 that <mask> does not appear on the Google search engine and is averse to touring. In the corresponding press release for the album's launch, <mask> wrote, "Quite where the percentages lie in lyrical/musical contributions on this album is unclear ... Shel claims he's as baffled as to his contributions as I am to mine. Subjects are close to my bones, but as our lives within this loose ramble have become so confluent, quite who's leaning on whose shoulder is unclear." <mask> won the Double J Australian Artist of the Year award in 2015.Side projects The initial release of You Am I's fifth album Dress Me Slowly also contained a bonus disc entitled The Temperance Union EP that consisted of eight songs <mask> had recorded and written, mostly in solo format. He later used the name of the EP, based loosely on that of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, to name his backing band for two subsequent albums, starting with Spit Polish in 2004. The release of the second Temperance Union recording, a double album entitled Dirty Ron/Ghost Songs, occurred in 2005, and the recording features various special guests, such as Missy Higgins, Donna Simpson and Rebecca Barnard. In 2006, <mask> collaborated with long-time friend Tex Perkins to form T'N'T, eventually releasing the album My Better Half, a collection of acoustic originals and cover versions. The album received mixed reviews for its minimal production values and "tongue-in-cheek" covers, such as Rod Stewart's "Tonight's the Night". In August 2021, it was announced that <mask> had become the Hard-Ons' new lead singer. <mask> first album with the band, I'm Sorry Sir, That Riff's Been Taken, was released in October 2021.Film Along with a You Am I cameo appearance in the film Dirty Deeds, <mask> has made various forays into acting. His first acting experience was a small cameo role in Jane Campion's Holy Smoke!, while his television acting debut was released on 28 July 2005, an episode of ABC TV's medical drama series MDA in which <mask> played Joel Palmer, a rock star who donates a kidney to a daughter he did not know he had fathered. <mask> also acted in the Michael Weisler short film Hunter Finkelstein that was shown at the 2005 Melbourne International Film Festival. In January 2013, <mask> and Australian musician Megan Washington worked as actors on the musical/thriller film The Boy Castaways. Filmed in Adelaide, Australia, the film was directed by Michael Kantor, who also directed the 2009 theatre production Woyzeck (in which <mask> also starred). Filming took three weeks and the premiere occurred at the Adelaide Film Festival in October 2013. In 2013, <mask> also played Glendle in Drama Tracks directed by John Curran alongside with actors Mia Wasikowsa and Adam Driver.<mask> features in the music video of the Reels' "Quasimodo's Dream", produced by Sandpit, to coincide with the theatrical release of The Boy Castaways in late 2013. Theatre In February 2009, <mask> made his professional stage debut at the Malthouse Theatre as the Entertainer in its production of Woyzeck, a play directed by Kantour, with music composed by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis. In 2012, <mask> composed the score for Marion Potts' production of Federico García Lorca's Blood Wedding at the Malthouse Theatre. During the production's run in August 2012, <mask> described the score as "impressionistic" in a media interview and revealed that his initial method involved producing large pieces of music and then discarding 95 percent of it: "If it's not needed to have music there, or complementary, just leave it out. So at times we have sounds emanating from the stage that are only vaguely tonal." In 2012, <mask> also acted in and composed the music for The Story of Mary MacLane by Herself, by Ride on Theatre's Bojana Novakovic (script adaptation) and Tanya Goldberg (director). <mask> performed original compositions for the play, accompanied by musicians Dan Witton and Andy Baylor.Sydney's Griffin Theatre production occurred in early 2012, while the Melbourne season was held at the Beckett Theatre of the Malthouse Theatre complex during November and December. In 2015, <mask> took his album What Rhymes with Cars and Girls to the stage with the Melbourne Theatre Company. The musical's script was adapted by Aidan Fennessy, while <mask> was musical director. Actors Sophie Ross and Johnny Carr performed in the show, which was nominated for a Helpmann Award for Best New Australian Work in 2015. In 2019, <mask> brought his radio show Liquid Lunch (Double J) onto the stage alongside with broadcaster Johnny Von Goes and sound designer Russell Goldsmith. Television <mask> has frequently appeared as a television guest on programs such as RocKwiz, Rove Live, Talkin' 'bout Your Generation, The Fat and Hard Quiz. He appeared as himself in the second season of The Micallef Program and in the "Be a Rock Star" episode of Lawrence Leung's Choose Your Own Adventure, and also appeared in several episodes of the ABC television series MDA as a rock

Tim Rogers (musician)

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musician.<mask>' interview on Andrew Denton's Enough Rope coincided with the September 2008 launch of You Am I's eighth studio album Dilettantes. In 2013, <mask> hosted the music performance/interview show Studio at the Memo during July and August. Guests on the show included Martha Wainwright, Tex Perkins, Kate Miller-Heidke, Bernard Fanning and Don Walker. The six-part series was produced by the Renegade company that also produces SBS Television's RocKwiz series. Writing for the Australian news outlet, Graeme Blundell concluded his review with the following sentiment: There's no one else like him on TV and this show, like RocKwiz, should run for decades, especially as Foxtel has allocated a multi-million-dollar fund to record local performance. <mask> is seriously cool, in the sense that the word means calm, stoic, intriguing and impressive, and suggests reserved confidence, a self-conscious aplomb in behaviour that distances itself from authority rather than directly confronts it. A way of fitting in while standing out, maybe.Radio Rogers presents the Liquid Lunch program on Double J digital radio each Friday afternoon (repeated Saturday afternoon) Writing <mask> has written for Australian publication The Monthly on two occasions: a review of Don Walker's musical memoir Shots from March 2009, and a small non-fiction piece in December 2010. <mask> also wrote the cover feature article of the inaugural edition of the Australian bicycle magazine Treadlie in 2010, in which he covers topics such as baskets, songwriting and cycling outfits: "Just as I festoon myself in full North Melbourne kit circa 1975 to challenge both my hamstrings and mid-life plight at footy training of a Wednesday and Sunday, so shall my treadling brethren furnish themselves for celerity." <mask> published his literary memoir titled "Detours" in 2017. Other projects In late 2004, <mask> wrote a jingle called "Our Time Begins Again Today" for the Australian Cricket Board's summer promotional campaign "Long Live The Weekend". <mask> was the face of the Australian Football League (AFL)'s 2012 finals series, starring in a television commercial and print advertising campaign. The advertisements, featuring the slogan "This Is Greatness", consist of <mask> recounting some of the greatest final moments in AFL history. <mask> has been involved with soundtracks for Australian films over the course of his career: the Idiot Box soundtrack, together with Nick Launay, in 1999; the Dirty Deeds soundtrack in 2002; and Wish You Were Here, a 2012 film starring Joel Edgerton.Controversy In 2003, a drunken <mask> taunted Australian Idol judge Mark Holden in an Adelaide airport terminal. He claimed that You Am I were told to "make way" by their record label for new Idol winners. A physical altercation ensued and both parties were reprimanded by airport authorities. At the 2004 Falls Festival, in Marion Bay, Tasmania, You Am I were one of the headline bands. However, <mask> apologised midway through the band's performance and walked off the stage. Guitarist Davey Lane tried to stop <mask>, but the lead singer became aggressive and continued on his way. The Age newspaper reported: <mask> threw his guitar onto the stage mid-song, saying he couldn't continue, and stormed off, pushing another band member who also walked off-stage looking upset ... <mask> also was involved in an incident backstage with singer Missy Higgins which left her visibly upset ...But Higgins recovered and joined Melbourne band The Beautiful Girls on stage to entertain the crowd when <mask> stopped playing. Less than a week later, <mask> posted on the You Am I website, "I fucked up and take total responsibility for my actions. I've got some problems with intoxicants that I haven't dealt with in a long time and it's come back and bit me." <mask> returned to Tasmania two months later to perform in the A Day on the Green series at Tolosa Park, alongside the Waifs and Pete Murray. Personal life <mask> has a daughter. He was married to Rocio Garcia Rodriguez, his daughter's mother, between 1999 and the early 2010s. They met in Madrid, Spain, and later lived together in Melbourne.Rodriguez worked as a Spanish philosophy teacher, and was the founding director of Melbourne's La Mirada Film Festival. In August 2012 <mask> reflected on their divorce by explaining, "To my great shame I took my marriage for granted." <mask> draws income from various artistic projects such as music, soundtrack composition and acting, as well as other ventures like gardening. <mask> experienced mental health issues such as anxiety during his twenties, including panic attacks. He chose to openly disclose this information from the 2000s onwards, to help others experiencing similar symptoms. <mask> revealed in 2012 that he is much happier at the age of 42 years than he was in his mid-twenties: I’m far more excited about anything currently, I’m enjoying more, I’ve read more, I’ve seen more. No nostalgia at all.A couple of good records … that I heard. Did some great travelling, but I travel better now, I was really sort of medicined up. I didn’t enjoy touring as much, we were doing some touring through Europe and the States and I enjoy doing those tours more now. I enjoy everything about touring and being in the band more now. I don’t think back on it anything less than fondly, but I’m so much happier at 42 than I was at 26. <mask> has also been involved in relationships with Australian musician Megan Washington and Serbian-Australian actor Bojana Novakovic. In an August 2012 interview, <mask> revealed that a significant number of his relationships were broken due to attention from the press.<mask>' 2017 memoir Detours detailed his late 2010s relationship with a woman he referred to as "The Hurricane". <mask> named this partner as Rosemary in interviews surrounding the book. An avid sports fan since childhood, <mask> enjoys the game of Australian rules football, and played in the 2005 and 2009 Community Cup charity matches for Melbourne, Australia's Sacred Heart Mission charitable organisation. <mask> is a supporter of North Melbourne and joined in the resistance against the AFL's effort to relocate the club to the Gold Coast, Queensland. As part of the protest, <mask> hosted the "Roo-sistence" benefit concert that featured You Am I, T'N'T and other popular Australian rock bands. <mask> has been an avid Sturt Football Club supporter (in the SANFL) since about the age of five. He was made the official club ambassador in 2015, and attends games when possible.<mask> has lived in the Melbourne seaside suburb of St Kilda since 1999, and has referred to the "crepuscular ambience of St Kilda". In late 2012, <mask> briefly explained his perspective of St Kilda: Winter is particularly great … Backpacker culture isn’t as obvious, so you tend to see folks you haven’t seen for the rest of the year all clamouring for hot toddies. I was away for two months doing theatre in Sydney and was then in the States for two months. It’s pretty good when you come home from a trip that’s been rather eventful and if you’re really excited to be home. Guitars and equipment Over the course of his career, <mask> has been most associated with a series of Rickenbacker 360F copies made by Sydney luthier Piers Crocker, known as "Crockenbackers". <mask> owns four of the five Crockenbackers made, including a 12-string, bought after borrowing Brad Shepherd's Fender Coronado 12-string to record Hourly, Daily. <mask> bought his first Crockenbacker just before the recording of Hi Fi Way and has used them ever since.Prior to Hi Fi Way, his main guitar was a Gibson ES-345. <mask> has used various guitars in addition to the Crockenbackers, predominantly Fender Telecasters, including a '52 Reissue, a 70s Telecaster Deluxe and a '72 Thinline Reissue. The latter was given to Lane shortly after Lane joined the band. During the recording of Dilettantes, <mask> also began using Fender Jazzmasters, using them on all subsequent tours to date, in addition to the Crockenbackers. For acoustics, <mask> predominantly used a Guild JF30 and a custom-built Piers Crocker acoustic. He has also been seen playing Cole Clark Fat Lady and Maton acoustics at various times. While recording Sound As Ever, <mask> became enamoured with Lee Ranaldo's Fender Tonemaster amplifier, and shortly thereafter bought one for himself; he has used this amplifier for all You Am I work since the recording of Hi-Fi Way.For <mask>' work with the Temperance Union, he has used a Sunn combo amplifier. <mask> uses an overdrive pedal and a tremolo pedal, the latter custom made by Colin Bloxom, as well as a wah pedal and, occasionally, a Route 66 overdrive/compression pedal. <mask> also uses an overdrive pedal that was built by Ramblin' Guitars. <mask> has stated that one of his most important musical tools is a capo: "Probably 90 per cent of every song I've ever written involves a capo ... When first using one, the possibilities of things become realisations, and you could write in different keys and things. I think I want to be buried with one." Backing bands Over the course of his solo albums, <mask> has utilised the support of two main backing bands; however, membership between the two has overlapped.The Twin Set Formed from the recording of What Rhymes With Cars And Girls, The Twin Set was country and folk-influenced. The band featured Jen Anderson (from Weddings Parties Anything), Lane (who would shortly afterwards join You Am I on lead guitar), as well as Stuart Speed and Ian Kitney, who would go on to form the rhythm section for the Temperance Union. The Temperance Union Consisting of The Twin Set's rhythm section, together with guitarist, Shane O'Mara (from Rebecca's Empire and Paul Kelly's band), the Temperance Union maintained the country influence of the Twin Set, but added a rock 'n' roll element. After the recording of Dirty Ron/Ghost Songs, Speed died and was replaced by Peter Lawler (a.k.a. "Dr Pump"). Discography Studio albums Movie soundtracks Idiot Box (1999) Dirty Deeds (2002) Wish You Were Here References External links Official You Am I site <mask> official site <mask> at the Internet Movie Database At Home with <mask> 2017 photo shoot inside <mask>' St Kilda home 1969 births Living people ARIA Award winners Australian singer-songwriters People from Kalgoorlie Australian multi-instrumentalists You Am I members Australian male singer-songwriters People educated at Oakhill

Randy Stuart

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<mask> (born Elizabeth Shaubell; October 12, 1924 – July 20, 1996), was an American actress in film and television. A familiar face in several popular films of the 1940s and 1950s, and later in western-themed television series, she is perhaps best remembered as Louise Carey, the wife of Scott Carey, played by Grant Williams, in The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957), a science-fiction classic named in 2009 as “culturally, historically or aesthetically” significant to be preserved for all time in the Library of Congress's National Film Registry. Early years <mask>'s parents, John and Gladys Shaubell, were itinerant musicians in the American South and the Middle West. She was born in Iola in Allen County in southeastern Kansas, and made her stage debut at the age of three. The Shaubells relocated to Compton, California, where <mask> went to high school and Compton Junior College. <mask> was a regular on The Jack Carson Show in 1946. Film A screen test in the play The Women led to <mask>'s being placed under contract at 20th Century-Fox.Her film debut was uncredited in the 1947 picture The Foxes of Harrow. <mask> played the birth mother of main character Stephen Fox in the film's initial scene. In 1948, she played Peggy, a knowing secretary (and collaborator with star Clifton Webb), in the comedy Sitting Pretty. She also appeared that year (sixth-billed) as the wife of a returning veteran in Apartment for Peggy with William Holden and Jeanne Crain. In 1949, she portrayed Lieutenant Eloise Billings, an object of desire for Cary Grant, in the Howard Hawks film I Was a Male War Bride, also starring Ann Sheridan. That same year, she appeared opposite Jose Ferrer in Otto Preminger's psychological noir Whirlpool. <mask> was billed on posters as a supporting player in the musical comedy Dancing in the Dark, starring William Powell and Betsy Drake.In 1950, <mask> was briefly in that year's Best Picture, All About Eve, as a telephone friend of Anne Baxter. (The same film featured Marilyn Monroe, a classmate of <mask>'s from dance training at Fox.) She had fourth billing in the noir comedy Stella, with Ann Sheridan and Victor Mature. In 1951, she appeared as Marge Boyd in I Can Get It For You Wholesale, in what might have been her breakout role. In 1952, <mask> teamed again with Grant and Drake in the comedy Room for One More for Warner Bros. For Star in the Dust (1956), one of the scenes featured co-star Coleen Gray and <mask> fighting for possession of incriminating letters hidden in a suitcase. The seasoned actresses invited their husbands to watch the filming of the action scene, which lasted over 50 seconds of screen time and included both women punching and wrestling each other. At the conclusion of the choreographed scene, Gray recalled in a later interview, the women simply dusted themselves off, but the two husbands "were pale and clammy and weak in the knees," having watched their wives engage in a lengthy fistfight.After 1957's Incredible Shrinking Man, she was cast as Nancy Dawson in the 1958 western film, Man from God's Country, starring George Montgomery. She also guest-starred about that time in Montgomery's short-lived television western television series, Cimarron City. Television <mask>'s TV career had a solid start with her co-starring role as Louise Baker, the wife of Cold War spy Alan Hale Jr., in the 26-episode filmed adventure series Biff Baker, U.S.A., which aired on CBS in the 1952-53 season (and was recently released on DVD). In October 1953, she co-starred with Richard Conte in the Ford Theatre production "Emergency." Following her last film role in 1958, <mask> appeared for several years in TV dramas (usually westerns), most of them produced by Warner Bros. Television for the ABC network. In 1959 and 1960, <mask> had a recurring role as Nellie Cashman in 11 episodes of the ABC series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, with Hugh O'Brian in the title role of Marshal Wyatt Earp. Nellie was briefly a romantic interest for Earp.From 1958 to 1961, <mask> guest-starred four times on Clint Walker's ABC/Warner Bros. western Cheyenne, including a role opposite Robert Colbert in the 1960 episode "Two Trails to Santa Fe". In another 1960 role, she played the mentally unbalanced Claire Russo in the episode "Tangled Trail" of Ty Hardin's ABC/WB series, Bronco, which rotated with Cheyenne. Her other western appearances were on Lawman (two appearances), Cimarron City, Colt .45, and Maverick. Her non-western appearances included the ABC/WB dramas 77 Sunset Strip (as Lucy Norton in the 1962 Cold War-themed episode "The Reluctant Spy", opposite Efrem Zimbalist Jr.), Bourbon Street Beat, The Roaring 20s, One Step Beyond, and Hawaiian Eye (two appearances). She also guest-starred on CBS fantasy-drama The Millionaire. <mask>'s NBC roles included an episode of top-rated Bonanza, "The Duke", directed by Robert Altman and first aired in March 1961, in which she played a saloon girl called Marge Fuller. Earlier, she appeared twice on the 1955-56 NBC comedy It's a Great Life, with Frances Bavier.After a hiatus of five years from television, <mask> returned in 1967 and 1968 as Eileen Gannon, wife of Harry Morgan's character Officer Bill Gannon on NBC's popular Dragnet. Her final TV appearance was as Miss Kallman in the 1975 episode "The Covenant" of ABC's Marcus Welby, M.D. '', with Robert Young in the title role. Later years In the late 1970s and early 1980s, <mask> (known by her married name, Betty Wallis) was instrumental in developing the alumni program at Chaminade College Preparatory School in West Hills, California, from which her two youngest children had graduated. Personal life and death <mask> was married to Kenneth Wayne Smith (1943-1945), Edward Charles George (1947-1954 (one child)), Lane Allan (1954-1968 (three children), and Ernest Deneen Wallis (1971-1982). The first three marriages ended in divorce, and the last ended with Wallis's death. <mask> died of lung cancer on July 20, 1996, at the age of 71 in Bakersfield, California.Filmography References External links 1924 births 1996 deaths American television actresses American film actresses Actresses from Kansas People from Iola, Kansas People from Compton, California Actresses from Los Angeles Actresses from Bakersfield, California El Camino College Compton Center alumni 20th Century Fox contract players 20th-century American actresses Deaths from cancer in California Deaths from lung cancer

Dmitry Borovikov

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<mask>v () also known as «Kislyi» (Sour) (9 June 1984 – 18 May 2006) — was a Russian neo-Nazi and neo-Pagan, the organizer of two extremist groups "Mad Crowd" and "Combat Terrorist Organization" (; Boevaya Terroristicheskaya Organizaciya, BTO). He died from a wound when detained by operatives of the 18th (political) department of the UBOP on May 18, 2006. Biography <mask> was born in Leningrad in the russian family of an employee of the criminal investigation department of the Admiralty police Department. He lived in house 4 in Boytsov Lane. After graduation, he entered the law Faculty of the Regional University, where he studied for 2.5 years. In the period from 1999 to 2006, <mask>v was detained several times by law enforcement agencies on suspicion of attacks on people of non-European appearance. So, he and his friend named Yan were detained on charges of attacking a Chinese man who was stabbed from behind.But in the end, Yan was the only one convicted. Schultz-88 <mask> met <mask> ("Schultz") as a 16-year-old teenager. For his love of heavy music and the band "Kiss", Borovikov received the nickname "Kislyi" (), to which he subscribed in online publications. In the summer of 2001, <mask>v joined Schultz-88, where he became the "right hand" of the leader. Borovikov was at the origins of "Schultz-88" and took an active part in all the significant actions of 2001-2002. Also while in "Schultz-88", Kislyi was actively engaged in propaganda. Many articles in the magazines «Made in St. Petersburg» and «Гнев Перуна» (The Wrath of Perun), such as «Жёлтая угроза» (The Yellow Threat), «Аргументы и факты» (Arguments and facts), «Советы начинающим штурмовикам» (Tips for novice stormtroopers), «Перунов день» (Perun's Day), «Стрижено?Нет, брито!» (Cut? No, shaved!) and many others belonged to him. The publication of the magazine «Гнев Перуна #5» was largely due to Borovikov. He published his own magazine "Straight Edge - A Storm of Pure Blood". In this group, Borovikov met , then their views with Schultz diverged, and they left Schultz-88. Mad Crowd In 2002, Borovikov is at the origins of the Mad Crowd Firm group.The main difference of the new group was the emphasis on a healthy lifestyle, sympathy for the football movement and the desire to find foreign Nazis. In his magazine «Гнев Перуна», Kislyi once wrote: "We don't need you, but your children. It is from them that we will raise a new race. Because you can't be changed anymore. TV, family, poor entertainment, fashionable clothes, a clogged refrigerator... if this is all that white people are interested in today, then what kind of white people are they? They are meat and garbage. The white race must be created from scratch".From hooliganism to terror By 2003, Borovikov realized that to achieve his goals, it was not enough to flaunt skinhead paraphernalia, a thorough conspiracy was needed. There were strict conditions, a person joining their new group must meet three criteria: Racism Paganism Health promotion Interest in football at this stage cools down, there is an installation not for beating, but for killing. Journalists dubbed this group "Combat Terrorist Organization" (BTO). In total, the BTO consisted of 10 people. According to the employees of the 18th department of the Department of Internal Affairs, «at first, there were six of them, then nine, and at the end it seems to be eleven people. But only the managers themselves knew exactly how much. At Schultz and in "Mad Crowd", everyone bragged about their exploits right and left.By and large, this is where they all sat down. And here the conspiracy was so tough that it is impossible to get to the truth even now». Bloody 2004 Borovikov was detained in 2004 in the high-profile case of the "Tajik girl" Khursheda Sultonova, who was killed on February 9 near his home. Borovikov was detained three hours after the murder, but the traces of blood found on his clothes were thoroughly washed with gasoline, and therefore it was not possible to identify what was found with the blood of the deceased. It was suggested that Borovikov managed to evade responsibility, thanks to the connections of his father, a police officer. On June 7, Borovikov organized the execution of two of his former associates Rostislav Hoffman and Alexey Golovchenko in the forest near the village of Zahodskoye in the Vyborg district. They were wounded with a crossbow and finished off with knives.The direct perpetrators of the murder were Alexey Voevodin, Roman Orlov and Artem Prokhorenko. On June 19, the scientist Nikolai Girenko was killed by Borovikov's associates Andrey Kostrachenkov and Artem Prokhorenko. Presumably, <mask> was related to this crime, because he spoke unflatteringly about this expert: In 2004, a criminal case was opened against "Mad Crowd". Then almost all the members of the group were arrested, except <mask>v and Ruslan Melnik. They were accused of creating an "extremist community". The investigation was able to prove only a few episodes of attacks. In hiding Since April 25, 2005 Borovikov was put on the international wanted list for extremism with the note "especially dangerous" and "may actively resist during detention".While on the run, <mask> and other gang members, in order to support their financial situation, began to engage in robberies of post offices, and articles were added to the criminal case for robberies on post offices, banditry, robberies, kidnappings. At this time, magazines were released, in the creation of which <mask> directly participated: "Smell of Hatred","Kill or be killed","Grin". On December 18, <mask>v had a daughter, Anna Borovikova, born. On April 7, 2006, Borovikov organized the murder of Senegalese Samba Lampsar (1978-2006), a 5th-year student of the Bonch-Bruevich State University, one of the leaders of the "African Unity", who was returning from the "Apollo" nightclub (12 Izmailovsky Avenue). The murder was directly committed by Andrey Malyugin near the house 17 on the 5th Krasnoarmeyskaya Street. The murder weapon was a pump-action shotgun, which was left at the crime scene. A swastika and the phrases «skinhead weapon» and «death to Negroes» were scrawled on the butt of the gun.Death On May 18, 2006, <mask> was sitting in the courtyard with a friend at the house No. 23 on Planernaya Street. When he saw that a group of people in civilian clothes (operatives) were approaching him, he realized that law enforcement officials had decided to detain him. There are several versions of the further development of events: according to one, Borovikov tried to escape; according to another, Borovikov attacked police officers with a knife. After trying to avoid arrest, the operatives shot at him (a warning shot was fired before that), as a result of which Borovikov fell to the ground, bleeding. Borovikov died almost immediately after the ambulance arrived. Borovikov was buried in the Northern Cemetery without a funeral service, since he was a neo-pagan.About 20 people gathered at the funeral ceremony. Borovikov's grave became a place of pilgrimage for Russian neo-Nazis. Beliefs Borovikov considered himself to be a "Skin-movement" and professed the ideas of WP (White Power). The government in Russia, in his opinion, is a branch of ZOG. He calls his native St. Petersburg Nevograd, and calls the representatives of "colored" the main enemies: "khachiks" (russian ethnic slur for the native peoples of the Caucasus) and "churkas" (russian ethnic slur for the native peoples of Central Asia), who mix with "Russian stupid women" to produce mestizos. Direct action in the form of street attacks on "non-russians", in his opinion, contributes to the purification of the people from non-racial elements and the transformation of the Russian Federation into "White Rus". See also Combat Terrorist Organization References 21st-century Russian criminals Russian neo-Nazis Terrorism in Russia 1984 births 2006 deaths Russian people who died in prison custody People shot dead by law enforcement officers in Russia People from Saint Petersburg Russian Modern Pagans

Malcolm Jardine

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<mask> (8 June 1869 – 16 January 1947) was an English first-class cricketer who played 46 matches, mainly for Oxford University. Although his first-class record was not impressive, he scored 140 in the University Match of 1892 using an unorthodox batting method. He played a few matches for Middlesex but later went to work in India, in effect ending his English first-class career. He played first-class cricket in India for the Europeans and after a successful legal career, returned to England. His son Douglas went on to play cricket for Oxford, Surrey and England, captaining the latter two and being associated with the use of Bodyline bowling. Early life <mask> was born in Simla, British India on 8 June 1869 to a family which had been connected with India for many years. He was the second son of <mask>, a barrister and later a judge in Allahabad who had a successful legal career before he died from cholera aged 32.He was educated at Fettes College, a boarding school in Edinburgh, making it into the school cricket team for four consecutive years. He established a good reputation and was appointed captain of the side in 1888. That year, his batting average was 77.70, and he took 24 wickets at an average of 6.30, coming top of both sets of averages for the school. First-class cricketer Career at Oxford In 1889, <mask> went to Balliol College, Oxford. He made his first-class debut for Oxford University against the Gentlemen of England. In his third match, against Lancashire, he passed fifty for the first time. Although his next highest score in fifteen innings was just 33, and he failed to reach double figures eight times, he was awarded his Blue.He had some success with his bowling, taking five wickets for 78 in a Surrey total of 614. He played in the University Match but failed to score in either innings and Oxford lost heavily. In total, he scored 198 runs at an average of 13.20. The following season, <mask> scored more runs at a higher average, but failed to pass fifty in an innings. He scored 218 runs at an average of 14.53 and did not bowl. Although he was more successful in the University Match, scoring 3 and 24, Oxford lost again after being bowled out for 42 in their first innings. In 1891, <mask> was appointed captain of the university.He further improved his aggregate and average with 255 runs at an average of 18.21, and took two wickets for five runs in the only innings in which he bowled. In the second and third matches, he scored 62 not out and 70 in consecutive innings against the Gentlemen of England and H Phillipson's XI, but did not pass fifty again. Playing in the University Match, he scored a duck in the first innings and 15 in the second, and Oxford lost their third successive match, although they took eight wickets before Cambridge reached their target of 93. <mask>'s final season at Oxford was his most successful; he recorded his highest aggregate and average despite playing only four matches for the club. At the start of the season, Lionel Palairet took over the captaincy. <mask>'s studies preventing him from playing in any of Oxford's home games, and he did not appear in the team until June. He only took part in three games before the University Match, although in the last of these he scored 60 against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's.1892 University Match In his final University Match, Oxford batted first and <mask>'s innings began after his team had lost two wickets without scoring any runs. He batted for 285 minutes, scoring 140. Before lunch, he played very carefully but increased his scoring rate afterwards. In total, he hit 21 fours and The Times described his innings as faultless. Wisden noted his strong defence and his powerful leg glance. Critics noted that he frequently hit Stanley Jackson to the leg side, a method of play which was unusual at the time. Players educated at Public School generally considered hitting to leg highly unorthodox and almost unfair.K. S. Ranjitsinhji, who was in the crowd at Lord's, would develop the leg glance and make it respectable within a few years, but he had not yet made his first-class debut in 1892. It is likely that <mask> was one of the first players to use this shot. Jackson refused to depart from the orthodox methods of the time, continuing to bowl with seven fielders on the off side and only two on the leg side, making it easier for <mask> to score runs. The Times commented that Cambridge "appeared a little slow to grasp the idea of putting a man on the leg side for [<mask>]". <mask> also hit 39 in the second innings as Oxford chased down a target to win for the only time in his University career. <mask>'s first innings remained his only first-class century. Other first-class cricket In the remainder of the 1892 season, <mask> played for Middlesex.He played six matches, but scored just 102 runs and averaged 12.75 with the bat; hitting a highest score of 32 not out. Subsequently, <mask>'s work as a barrister took him to India, and he played just four more first-class matches in England. These were for the MCC at the beginning of the 1897 season, where he scored 185 runs at an average of 23.12 with two fifties and a highest score of 85. His only other first-class cricket was for the Europeans cricket team in India. He played in the annual Presidency Match against the Parsees between 1894 and 1902, only missing the 1899 and 1901 games. He scored just one fifty in eight matches, but his batting was admired by critics. Although <mask> did not have an impressive first-class record, critics including Ranjitsinjhi, and Plum Warner considered him a good batsman.C. B. Fry believed that if <mask> had played regular county cricket, he would have played for England. Fry described him as a superb fielder and as "a beautiful player, with a perfect back-stroke and a perfect cut and neat late off drive." He did not bowl regularly after 1889, saving his energy for fielding. In 46 first-class matches, he scored 1,439 runs at an average of 17.76, took 15 wickets at an average of 14.40 and held 42 catches. Legal career In 1893, <mask> was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1893. He returned to India, where he practised at the Bombay Bar until 1916. At the time, British barristers dominated the Indian legal system, finding considerable financial reward, but causing resentment among the Indian legal profession.At the same time, <mask> held positions of increasing influence in India. He was Perry Professor of Jurisprudence and Roman Law from 1898 to 1902 and then Principal of the Government Law School until 1903. Subsequently, he was Clerk of the Crown, before being appointed Advocate General of Bombay in 1915 before retiring from India in 1916. In 1898, he married Alison Moir and they had one son, Douglas in 1900, who went on to play first-class and Test cricket for Surrey and England. Eventually, Douglas became a controversial England captain, introducing a form of hostile bowling known as Bodyline. The family lived in a wealthy area of Bombay and were well known in its social and sporting circle. With Douglas at Public School, <mask> and his wife returned to England in 1916.He took an interest in the Surrey team, becoming a member and later a vice-president. His wife died in 1936 while <mask> died in South Kensington on 16 January 1947. References Bibliography English cricketers 1869 births 1947 deaths Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Oxford University cricketers People educated at Fettes College Members of the Middle Temple Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Middlesex cricketers Europeans cricketers Cricketers from Himachal Pradesh

José María Jiménez

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<mask> (February 6, 1971 in El Barraco, Spain - December 6, 2003 in Madrid) was a professional road bicycle racer. During his career he excelled as a climber, winning numerous mountain stages. His nickname was "El Chava". Career After a four month spell as a stagiaire (trainee), <mask> turned professional at the beginning of the 1993 season with the Spanish team Banesto which he would be a part of for the rest of his career. In his first year, his teammates included Tour de France champions Pedro Delgado and Miguel Induráin. Even at an early point in his career, <mask> was considered a potential successor of Induráin. Vuelta a España <mask> was particularly successful in the Vuelta a España, winning nine stages in total, the points classification in 2001 and the mountains classification in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2001.His four triumphs in the mountains classification of the Vuelta places him behind only <mask> Laguía as the rider with the most wins in the competition in the history of the race. His best year in the Vuelta was 1998. Here, he took the overall lead for the first time in his career after winning stage 6. However, he acknowledged that the individual time trial on stage 9 would inevitably cost him the lead, as this was a weakness of his. As expected, Jiménez found himself just over three minutes down on his Banesto teammate Abraham Olano after the time trial. But <mask> then won stages 10, 11 and 16, before finally taking back the overall lead from Olano with just two stages remaining. However, the following stage was another time trial in which he lost 2.50 to Olano and consequently the overall victory.Kelme rider Fernando Escartín also bested <mask> by enough to knock him down into 3rd place overall, his final placing. <mask> would never again lead the Vuelta. His second best overall performance was in 1999, in which he was 5th. Prior to that he was 12th in 1996 and 21st in 1997. He concluded his Vuelta career with three stage wins on his way to 17th place overall in 2001. Other races Of other noteworthy results, <mask> won the Spanish National Road Race Championships in 1997 and secured overall victories in the 2000 Volta a Catalunya and in the Vuelta a La Rioja in both 1994 and 1997. He also competed in both of the other Grand Tours, the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia.After a modest Giro d'Italia debut with 26th place in 1995, he was appointed leader of his Banesto team for the 1999 race and started off well by finishing 2nd after Marco Pantani on stage 8. However, a time trial and then a disastrous stage 14 followed, during which he lost over 20 minutes, making him drop to 38th overall. He eventually finished 33rd overall, never to return to the race. He had more luck in his Tour de France starts, finishing 8th overall in 1997 after a consistent performance which included four top 10 results on individual stages. He also challenged for stage wins in the 2000 edition, managing 3rd on the mountainous stage 10 and 2nd on stage 15, only beaten by Marco Pantani. Nonetheless, he finished 23rd overall, some 52 minutes down on winner Lance Armstrong. Style Both on and off the bike, Jiménez was, with only a few exceptions, too erratic to ride consistently in stage races.He often attacked without considering the consequences, which however sometimes resulted in spectacular wins in the toughest mountain stages. A particularly memorable instance of this occurred during stage eight of the 1999 Vuelta a España. <mask> attacked the 23% gradient of the Angliru in rain and fog to catch Pavel Tonkov's long solo break at the line and take the stage in a two-man sprint. As he crossed the line, he did not have the energy for the victory pose. It was the first time in the history of the race that the Angliru was used. However, he would subsequently pay for his attacking style in the next stage, where he would often lose by 10 or more minutes. Death Jiménez received psychological treatment for depression, and retired from professional cycling in 2002, at which point he got married.He died of a heart attack in a psychiatric hospital in Madrid at the age of 32, in December 2003. Spanish cyclist Carlos Sastre is <mask>'s brother-in-law. He dedicated his victory in the 2008 Tour de France to Jiménez.

Katherine Bowling

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<mask> (born 1955, Washington, D.C.) is a painter known for her layered landscape paintings that draw inspiration from nature in the Hudson Valley. Early life and education <mask> grew up in Tidewater, Virginia. She received her BFA from Virginia Commonwealth University in 1978. Painting <mask>'s first New York show, as well as her first solo exhibition, was in 1987. <mask>'s works tend to be landscape paintings that often feature woods and fields as well as roads. Many of her paintings are based on her photographs of woods and fields surrounding and in Scholarie County, where she rents a house. As Molly O'Neill notes in an essay on <mask> and her work, this area is "fifty miles northwest of the vistas that inspired the Hudson River School painters in the mid-1800s."<mask> focused in particular on the imagery of roads for the theme of her exhibition at Greenberg Van Doren, Divide. As the title implies, writes Lilly Wei in the exhibition's accompanying catalog, <mask> views the roads as "abstract marks in the landscape that divide and order space." Even with roads she has often traveled, <mask> finds something new on closer inspection that alters her perception of the familiar and mundane. <mask> explains that the roads "function as a metaphor for memory and displacement." In 2001, <mask> exhibited a number of seascape paintings. In her essay on the exhibition, art historian and critic Nancy Princenthal writes that, far from being an aberration from <mask>'s typically home-based scenes, the ocean paintings are "a return to childhood memories and life long inclinations. A native of Virginia, she spent her first summers at the Atlantic shore and on the Chesapeake Bay."Primarily, however, <mask>'s works focus on capturing the play of light and shadow. Art critic Eleanor Heartney notes that "Her paintings, like those of Monet, Pissarro, and Renoir, focus on the ephemeral moment and the fleeting impression, conjuring the flicker of sunlight through the trees, the shifting shadows of early evening, the reflections of clouds and foliage glancing across the rippling surface of a lake." O'Neill argues that <mask> additionally "has an innate sense of abstraction and she ranges happy as an uncaged chicken, pecking elements from the Impressionists' obsession with light; from modern photography; and the drip paintings of Jackson Pollock." <mask> is influenced by the use of light in the paintings of European Romantics such as J.M.W. Turner and John Constable as well as by the later work of George Inness. Her paintings also recall landscapes by Claude Lorraine, Albert Pinkham Ryder and Camille Corot. Process <mask> is known for her use of spackle.She uses a long process of layering and sanding to create the "back-lit" effect found in her paintings. First, the paintings begin as photographs which she typically takes near her rented house in the Hudson Valley. Then, she uses these photographs, which serve as her "preliminary drawings," to aid in the painting process. She also paints from memory and direct observation. <mask> paints on square panels of plywood. <mask> considers rectangular pieces to be too horizontal and rife of implications already of landscapes and horizons. She sometimes paints on one of these square and sometimes paints on several square panels together.The seams between these adjoined panels are left visible. Next, <mask> applies layers of spackle. O'Neill remarks that "Inspired, perhaps, by her day job of painting houses, [<mask>] turned to more industrial media: damp vinyl spackle, a building compound that is applied to wooden panels to create a matte, fresco-like surface. Thinned oil pigments are poured, allowed to dry, and then the Sisyphean task of sanding begins." Initial layers generally correspond with the color of the light—varying from pinks, golds, blues, and oranges. Through this layering and sanding, she creates a luminous quality in her landscapes. Despite rigorous sanding, air bubbles within the spackle layers are revealed occasionally on the surface.Rather than disguise them, <mask> integrates them. Heartney writes that <mask> "allows these irregularities to become part of the painting so that the viewer's perception of the play of light and shadow across the image cannot be separated from an awareness of surface itself." In later stages of painting, <mask> stands above panels to throw, dribble, and splatter paint with a hair dryer, recalling the techniques of Abstract Expressionists such as Jackson Pollock. <mask>: Moments of Grace. New York: DC Moore Gallery, 2010. Friesen, Andria. Speak for the Trees.Seattle, WA: Friesen Gallery, 2009. Wei, Lilly. <mask>: Divide. New York: Greenberg Van Doren Gallery, 2004. Princenthal, Nancy. <mask>: Land to Sea. New York: Joseph Helman Gallery, 2001.Heartney, Eleanor. <mask>. New York: BlumHelman Gallery, 1990. Scott, Sue. <mask>: New Paintings. New York: Blum Helman Gallery, 1992. References 1955 births Living people 20th-century American painters 21st-century American painters American women painters 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American women artists

Pulakeshin II

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Pulakeshi II (IAST: Pulakeśi, r. c. 610–642 CE) was the most famous ruler of the Chalukya dynasty of Vatapi (present-day Badami in Karnataka, India). During his reign, the Chalukya kingdom expanded to cover most of the Deccan region in peninsular India. A son of the Chalukya king Kirttivarman I, Pulakeshi overthrew his uncle Mangalesha to gain control of the throne. He suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the Kadambas of Banavasi in the south. The Alupas and the Gangas of Talakadu recognized his suzerainty. He consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas of Konkana. His Aihole inscription also credits him with subjugating the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras in the north.The most notable military achievement of Pulakeshi was his victory over the powerful northern emperor Harsha-vardhana, whose failure to conquer the Chalukya kingdom is attested by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang. In the east, Pulakeshi subjugated the rulers of Dakshina Kosala and Kalinga. After defeating the Vishnukundina ruler, he appointed his brother Vishnu-vardhana as the governor of eastern Deccan; this brother later established the independent Eastern Chalukya dynasty of Vengi. Pulakeshi also achieved some successes against the Pallavas in the south, but was ultimately defeated, and probably killed, during an invasion by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I. Names and titles Two variants of Pulakeshi's name appear in the Chalukya records: Pulikeshi (IAST: Pulikeśi) and Polekeshi (IAST: Polekeśi). "Ereya" appears to have been another of his names: the Peddavaduguru inscription calls him "Ereyatiyadigal" (or "Ereyitiyadigal"), and the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription mentions the variant "Eraja". Historian K. V. Ramesh theorizes that Ereya was the pre-coronation name of Pulakeshi.Satyashraya ("refuge of truth"), a hereditary biruda (epithet) of Pulakeshi, was commonly used as a substitute for his name in the dynasty's records. He was the dynasty's most celebrated ruler, because of which the subsequent rulers called their dynasty Satyashraya-kula ("family of Satyashraya"). The imperial titles of Pulakeshi include Bhattaraka and Maharajadhiraja ("King of great kings"). Besides, he also used the family epithets Shri-prithvi-vallabha, Vallabha, and Shri-vallabha. Pulakeshi also assumed the title Parameshvara ("Supreme Lord") after defeating Harsha, as attested by his Bijapur-Mumbai inscription. The Chinese traveler Xuanzang calls him Pu-lo-ki-she. The Persian historian Al-Tabari calls him Paramesa or Pharmis, probably a Persian transcription of his title Parameshvara.Early life Pulakeshi was a son of the Chalukya king Kirttivarman I. When Kirttivarman died, Pulakeshi appears to have been a minor, as Kirttivarman's younger brother Mangalesha became the next king. The inscriptions of the later Chalukyas of Kalyani, who claimed descent from the Chalukyas of Vatapi, state that Mangalesha "took upon himself the burden of administration" because Pulakeshi was a minor. However, these inscriptions also wrongly claim that Mangalesha returned the kingdom to Pulakeshi when Pulakeshi grew up, praising the Chalukya lineage for such exemplary behaviour. This claim is contradicted by Pulakeshi's own Aihole inscription, and appears to be a late attempt to gloss over Pulakeshi's overthrow of Mangalesha. The exact details of the conflict between these two men are unclear, because the Aihole inscription describes it in a rather enigmatic way. It is possible that Mangalesha initially ruled as a regent, but later decided to usurp the throne.According to the Aihole inscription, Mangalesha was envious of Pulakeshi, because Pulakeshi was a favourite of Lakshmi (the goddess of fortune). Therefore, Pulakeshi, decided to go into exile. Subsequently, Mangalesha became weak "on all sides" as Pulakeshi applied his "gifts of good counsel and energy". Ultimately, Mangalesha had to abandon three things simultaneously: his attempt to secure the throne for his own son (or his ability to perpetuate his own descent), his kingdom, and his own life. The above description suggests that when Pulakeshi became an adult, Mangalesha rejected his claim to the throne and possibly appointed his own son as the heir apparent. Pulakeshi went into exile, during which he must have planned an attack on Mangalesha; he ultimately defeated and killed Mangalesha. The undated Peddavaduguru inscription records Pulakeshi's grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village after his subjugation of Ranavikrama.According to one theory, this Ranavikrama was Mangalesha, who bore the title "Ranavikrama", and who was defeated by Mangalesha in a battle fought at Elpattu Simbhige. However, another theory identifies Ranavikrama as a Bana king. Date of ascension Pulakeshi's Hyderabad inscription is dated 613 CE (Shaka year 534), and was issued during the third year of his reign, which suggests that he must have ascended the throne in c. 610–611 CE. The exact year of his ascension is debated among modern scholars. The 610–611 CE Goa grant inscription, which refers to an unnamed Chalukya overlord titled Shri-prithvi-vallabha Maharaja, was probably issued during the reign of Pulakeshi's predecessor Mangalesha. It is dated to the Shaka year 532: assuming it was issued after 532 years of the Shaka era had expired, the date of issue was 4 January 611 CE. However, if we assume that it was issued when the 532rd year of the Shaka era was current, it can be dated to 5 July 610 CE.Based on this inscription, the end of Mangalesha's reign is variously dated to 610 CE or 611 CE. The matter is complicated by the Maruturu inscription, which is dated to Pulakeshi's 8th regnal year, and was issued on the occasion of a solar eclipse on the new moon day (amavasya) of the Jyeshtha month. According to modern calculations, this solar eclipse took place on 21 May 616 CE, which would mean that Pulakeshi ascended the throne in 609 CE. Military conquests After Mangalesha's death, <mask> appears to have faced opposition from multiple rivals, including those who were loyal to Mangalesha and those who wanted to take advantage of the turmoil resulting from the Chalukya war of succession. The Aihole inscription declares that "the whole world was enveloped in the darkness that was the enemies". Pulakeshin subjugated these enemies, and established the Chalukyas as the dominant power in the Indian peninsula. Appayika and Govinda The Aihole inscription suggests that two rulers named Appayika and Govinda rebelled against Pulakeshin.The identity of these rulers is uncertain, but they are said to have approached the core Chalukya territory from the north of the Bhimarathi (modern Bhima) river in present-day Maharashtra. According to historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, the way they are mentioned in the inscription suggests that they were military adventurers and not from a royal background. However, according to historian Durga Prasad Dikshit, their names suggest that they may have belonged to a Rashtrakuta branch, which was distinct from the imperial Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta. This branch may have become subordinate to the Chalukyas after facing invasions from the Nala and Mauryas of Konkan, and later rebelled taking advantage of the conflict between <mask> and Mangalesha. According to the Aihole inscription, Pulakeshin adopted the policy of bheda (divide and conquer), and bestowed favours upon Govinda while alienating Appayika. Govinda became his ally, and Appayika was defeated. Recapture of Banavasi <mask>'s predecessors had subjugated the Kadambas of Banavasi, but the Kadambas no longer recognized the Chalukya suzerainty during his reign.<mask> marched against them, and besieged their capital of Banavasi. The Aihole inscription suggests that the Kadambas put up a strong resistance, but were ultimately defeated. The Kadamba ruler at this time was probably Bhogivarman. Pulakeshin ended the Kadamba dynasty, and annexed their territory to his empire. He divided this territory among his vassals: the major part of the Kadamba kingdom was granted to the Alupas under the name kadamba-mandala; the Nagarakhanda division of Banavasi was given to the Sendrakas. Alupas According to the Aihole inscription, Pulakeshin subjugated the Alupas, who had earlier served as Kadamba vassals. However, according to the Chalukya inscriptions, the Alupas had already been subjugated by <mask>'s predecessors.Therefore, it appears that the Aihole inscription simply refers to Pulakeshin reaffirming the Chalukya suzerainty over the Alupas. Another possibility is that the Alupas had not been completely subdued by the Pulakeshin's predecessors. The location of the core Alupa territory during <mask>'s period is not certain. Alupas are known to have been ruling in the Dakshina Kannada region of Karnataka for several centuries, but some scholars believe that their capital was located at Humcha in the Shimoga district. After subjugating the Kadambas, <mask> assigned a major part of the former Kadamba territory to his Alupa vassal, who according to historian Moraes, may have been Kundavarammarasa. If "Aluka" is considered a variant of "Alupa", the Marutura inscription suggests that the Alupa vassals of Pulakeshin also ruled over the Guntur district in present-day Andhra Pradesh. According to this inscription, the Aluka ruler Gunasagara, who was a Chalukya vassal, was appointed to govern this region.The 692 CE Sorab inscription describes Gunasagara's son Chitra-vahana as an "Alupa", which suggests that "Aluka" is a variant of "Alupa". Gangas of Talakad The Aihole inscription credits <mask> with subjugating the Gangas of Talakad, who had matrimonial ties with the Kadambas. The Mahakuta pillar inscription of his predecessor Mangalesha states his father Kirttivarman also subjugated the Gangas. It is possible that the Gangas accepted the Chalukya suzerainty during Kirttivarman's reign, but subsequently gave up this allegiance taking advantage of the war of succession between Mangalesha and Pulakeshin. After <mask>'s victory over the Kadambas, the Gangas again accepted the Chalukya suzerainty, possibly without any military conflict. The Ganga ruler Durvinita married his daughter to Pulakeshin; she was the mother of <mask>'s son Vikramaditya I. The Gangas probably hoped to gain Chalukya support against the Pallavas, who had captured the Kongunadu region from them.The Gangas subsequently defeated the Pallava ruler Kaduvetti of Kanchi. Mauryas of Konkana Pulakeshin's father Kirttivarman had defeated the Mauryas of Konkana (modern Konkan), who ruled in the coastal region of present-day Goa and Maharashtra. The Mauryas acknowledged the Chalukya suzerainty during Mangalesha's reign, but seem to have declared independence during the Chalukya war of succession. After consolidating his power in southern Deccan, <mask> successfully besieged the Mauryan capital Puri, which is variously identified as Gharapuri (Elephanta) or Rajapuri (near Janjira). Latas, Malavas, and Gurjaras The Aihole inscription states that Pulakeshin subjugated the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras, who were the northern neighbours of the Chalukyas. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit theorizes that these kingdoms may have accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty without a military conflict, when faced with an invasion from the northern king Harshavardhana. Alternatively, it is possible that these three rulers accepted Mangalesha's suzerainty after his victory over the Kalachuris, and the Aihole inscription simply refers to Pulakeshin reaffirming the Chalukya suzerainty over them.The Lata region (present-day southern Gujarat) was formerly under the control of the Kalachuris, who had been defeated by Mangalesha. <mask>, who appears to have annexed Lata to the Chalukya kingdom, placed it under the governorship of a member of the Chalukya family. The rule of the Chalukya governor Vijaya-varma-raja over Lata is attested by his 643 CE Kheda copper-plate inscription. The Malavas ruled in and around the present-day Malwa

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(Malava) region in central India. According to the Chinese traveler Xuanzang, Malava ("Mo-la-po") was an independent kingdom, but the records of the Maitraka dynasty suggest that the Maitrakas controlled at least a part of the Malava territory. Thus, the Malavas may have been Maitraka vassals or independent rulers before they accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty. The Gurjaras were most probably the Gurjaras of Lata (or Bharuch), and the Gurjara ruler who accepted <mask>'s suzerainty was probably Dadda II.Victory over Harsha The most notable military achievement of <mask> was his victory over the powerful emperor Harsha-vardhana, who ruled over much of northern India. The inscriptions of <mask>'s successors prominently mention this victory even when they ignore his other military achievements. Date The date of the war between Harsha and Pulakeshin has been debated by modern scholars. The Kandalgaon copper-plate inscription, dated to <mask>'s 5th regnal year (c. 615 CE), mentions the conflict, but this inscription is regarded as spurious by modern scholars. Some scholars, such as K. V. Ramesh and K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, date the battle to c. 612 CE or before, based on the 612–613 CE Hyderabad inscription of Pulakeshin. This inscription boasts that Pulakeshin defeated a king who had fought a hundred battles (presumably Harsha). The later Chalukya inscriptions, dating from the reign of Vikramaditya I onwards, mention <mask>'s victory over Harsha using similar expressions.This early date for the war is also supported by the writings of Xuanzang, who states that Harsha fought wars for six years, and then ruled in peace for thirty years. Scholars Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni date the battle to the winter of 618–619 CE. These scholars note that the Bijapur-Mumbai grant inscription, dated to 4 April 619 CE, mentions <mask>'s victory over Harsha, which proves that the conflict definitely took place sometime before this date. The earlier Satara inscription of <mask>'s brother Vishnu-vardhana, issued during his 8th regnal year (c. 618 CE) does not mention the conflict. Based on this, Bapat and Sohoni theorize that the conflict took place between November 618 CE and February 619 CE. Some earlier scholars, such as D. Devahuti dated the conflict to 630s CE, but this is no longer considered correct after the publication of the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription in 2017. Cause of the war The cause for the war between Harsha and Pulakeshin is not certain.Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri suggests that Harsha's growing influence may have driven the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras to accept Pulakeshin's suzerainty. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit adds that these three kingdoms are known to have been enemies of Harsha's father Prabhakara-vardhana, as attested by Harsha's court poet Bana: this enmity probably continued during the reign of Harsha. The Malava king played a role in the murder of Harsha's predecessor Rajya-vardhana, and also killed Harsha's brother-in-law, the Maukhari ruler Graha-varman. The Gurjara ruler Dadda II aided the Maitraka dynasty against Harsha. When Harsha decided to take action against these three kingdoms, their rulers probably sought protection of Pulakeshin. Pulakeshin may have granted asylum to Harsha's adversaries. According to scholars Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni, the "Malavas" mentioned in the Chalukya record were the Later Guptas who controlled the Malwa region.The expansion of the Maitraka influence in the Malwa region must have attracted Harsha's attention. The Maitraka ruler Shiladitya I may have sympathized with <mask>'s cause during the latter's northern campaign against the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras. This situation ultimately resulted in a conflict between Harsha and Pulakeshin. Another possibility is that Harsha decided to take advantage of the turmoil resulting from the conflict between Mangalesha and <mask>, and invaded the Chalukya kingdom. During his march against Pulakeshin, Harsha advanced up to the Narmada River before being forced to retreat. Result The Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin boasts the harsha (mirth) of Harsha melted away by fear, as his elephants fell in the battle. The only other inscription from his reign that mentions this battle is the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription.Harsha's court poet Bana does not mention this conflict in his biography Harsha-charita, presumably to avoid portraying his patron in a negative light. However, <mask>'s success against Harsha is confirmed by other independent sources. The Chinese traveler Xuanzang, who calls <mask>'s kingdom Mo-ho-la-cha (the Chinese transcription of "Maharashtra"), provides the evidence of <mask>'s success against Harsha. Xuanzang states that Shiladitya (that is, Harsha) had conquered the nations from east to west, and had marched with his army to remote parts of India: only the people of Mo-ho-la-cha had refused to accept his suzerainty. Xuanzang further states that Harsha gathered troops from different parts of his kingdom, summoned his best commanders, and himself led the army to punish the people of Mo-ho-la-cha, but could not subjugate them. The Rashtrakutas, who ultimately overthrew the Chalukyas several years after <mask>'s death, also boast that they defeated the dynasty that claimed victory over Harshavardhana, thus indirectly confirming Pulakeshin's achievement. The Aihole inscription poetically states that <mask>'s elephants had to avoid the neighbourhood of the Vindhya mountains beside the Narmada River, because they "by their bulk, rivalled the mountains".Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri interprets to mean that <mask> "did not send his elephant forces into the difficult Vindhya terrain", and guarded the passes with infantry. According to Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni, the inscription suggests that <mask>'s army subsequently tried to cross the Vindhyas, in a bid to invade Harsha's kingdom, but was unsuccessful, which may explain why only two inscriptions from <mask>'s reign mention his conflict with Harsha. Dakshina Kosala and Kalinga The Aihole inscription states that the rulers of Koshala and Kalinga accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty without offering any resistance. Koshala here can be identified as Dakshina Kosala (present-day Chhattisgarh and western Odisha), which was probably under the Panduvamshi rule. The Aihole inscription does not mention the name of the subjugated ruler, but historian D. C. Sircar theorizes that he may have been the Panduvamshi king Mahashivagupta Balarjuna. The name of the ruler of Kalinga, which includes parts of present-day Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh, is not certain either. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit suggests that he was probably a member of the Eastern Ganga dynasty.Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri suggests that he may have been a Vishnukundina feudatory. Vishnukundina dynasty According to the Aihole inscription and the Maruturu inscription, <mask> invaded and captured Pishtapura (modern Pithapuram in Andhra Pradesh). The Maruturu inscription suggests that this event took place around or before 617–618 CE. The Aihole inscription states that subsequently, a fierce battle was fought near Kunala lake (identified with modern Kolleru Lake), whose water turned red with the blood of those killed in the war. These inscriptions do not name <mask>'s rival in these conflicts, but modern scholars identify him as a king of the Vishnukundina dynasty, which ruled in Andhra Pradesh. Pulakeshin probably subjugated Vishnukundina vassals during his eastern campaign in Kalinga, which may have brought him in conflict with the Vishnukundina dynasty. Pulakeshin conquered the Vishnukundina kingdom, located in the lower Godavari-Krishna valley, and appointed his younger brother 'Kubja' Vishnu-vardhana as the governor of the newly-conquered territory.The Chalukya conquest in this region is corroborated by Vishnu-vardhana's 631 CE Kopparam copper-plate inscription, which records a land grant in the Karma-rashtra region of present-day Andhra Pradesh. The Vishnukundina ruler defeated by Pulakeshin was probably Indravarman: he appears to have ultimately accepted <mask>'s suzerainty, and was allowed to rule as a Chalukya vassal. Pulakeshin assigned some of the newly-conquered territories to his own feudatories. For example, the Maruturu inscription states that the Aluka ruler Gunasagara, a Chalukya vassal, came from Mangalapura (identified with modern Mangalagiri in Guntur district) to Kallura after undergoing several hardships. Xuanzang's visit The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited Pulakeshin's kingdom in 641–642 CE. He calls the Chalukya kingdom "Mo-ho-la-cha" (the Chinese transcription of "Maharashtra"), and corroborates Pulakeshin's success against Harsha (see above). He had visited the Pallava kingdom before arriving in the Chalukya kingdom, but he doesn't mention any conflict between the two kingdoms, presumably because he was not aware of major political changes or because his main interest was Buddhism rather than politics.Xuanzang describes <mask> ("Po-le-ke-she") as "a man of farsighted resource and astuteness who extends kindness to all". The king's subjects were "tall and sturdy in nature and... proud and carefree by nature... grateful for kindness and revengeful for injustice". They preferred death to disloyalty, and called for a duel if they or their families were insulted. According to Xuanzang, the king was war-like and loved "military arts", because he was a Kshatriya by birth. His well-disciplined troops comprised several thousands of men, and several hundreds of elephants. The elephants, who were intoxicated with wine before battles, were used to break the enemy's front line. When his generals were defeated, they were not punished, but were humiliated by being ordered to wear women's dresses.The soldiers who lost a battle would commit suicide as a matter of honour. According to Xuanzang, the kingdom's capital (not named by Xuanzang) was situated to the east of a large river, around 1000 li from Bharukachchha (modern Bharuch). This description does not fit the Chalukya capital Vatapi (modern Badami). Modern scholars identify the city mentioned by Xuanzang as Nashik, although this identification is not conclusive. It is possible that Xuanzang spent some time in Nashik, which was an important centre of Buddhism, and mistook it as the kingdom's capital. Xuanzang mentions that there were five stupas in and around the capital city: these stupas had been built by the earlier king Ashoka, and were several hundred feet high. Around 5,000 Buddhist monks lived in over 100 monasteries in the kingdom; in particular, Xuanzang describes a large monastery identified with the Ajanta Caves by modern scholars.Xuanzang adds that the kingdom also had temples of "heretics" who "smeared dust on their bodies". War with the Pallavas and death The Pallavas were the southern neighbours of the Chalukyas. The Vishnukundins were their allies at the time, and <mask>'s subjugation of the Vishnukundins brought him in conflict with the Pallava king. The Chalukyas and the Pallavas fought several battles without conclusive results. The Aihole inscription states that the Pallava ruler opposed the rise of <mask>, who caused the enemy's splendour to be "obscured by the dust of his army" and forced the enemy to take shelter behind the walls of the Pallava capital Kanchipuram. The Kashakudi inscription of the Pallavas states that the Pallava King Mahendravarman defeated an unnamed enemy at Pallalura (modern Pullalur). These two accounts appear to refer to the same battle, which must have been inconclusive: the Pallava army was probably forced to retreat to Kanchipuram, but inflicted enough damage on the Chalukya army to force <mask> to retreat to Vatapi.The undated Peddavaduguru inscription records <mask>'s grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village in Bana-raja-vishaya ("Bana king's province") after the subjugation of Ranavikrama. Assuming that Ranavikrama was a Bana king, it appears that <mask> defeated the Banas. (An

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alternative theory identifies Ranavikrama as Mangalesha; see Early life section above.) The Banas appear to have been Pallava feudatories before their submission to Pulakeshin, as suggested by the name of the inscription's engraver: Mahendra Pallavachari. <mask>'s subjugation of a Pallava feudatory must have renewed his conflict with the Pallavas. The Aihole inscription suggests that <mask> won over the Chola, the Chera, and the Pandya kings as his allies in his struggle against the Pallavas. He marched towards Kanchipuram, but the Pallava inscriptions suggest that he suffered reverses in battles fought at Pariyala, Suramara, and Manimangala, near Kanchipuram.The Pallavas, during the reign of Narasimha-varman I, ultimately besieged the Chalukya capital Vatapi. <mask> was probably killed, when a Pallava force led by Shiruttondar Paranjoti captured Vatapi in c. 642–643 CE. The Pallava occupation of Vatapi is attested by an inscription found at the Mallikarjunadeva temple in Badami, dated to the 13th regnal year of Narasimha-varman. Succession By 641 CE, during <mask>'s lifetime, his brother Vishnu-vardhana had carved out an independent kingdom in the eastern part of the Chalukya empire, resulting in the establishment of the Chalukya dynasty of Vengi. According to one theory, this arrangement may have happened with the approval of <mask>, who did not want his brother to wage a war of succession like Mangalesha. <mask> had multiple sons, and the order of succession after him is not clear from the available historical evidence: Adityavarman is attested by his Kurnool inscription, which describes him as a powerful ruler and gives him imperial titles. Historian T. V. Mahalingam theorizes that Adityavarman was simply a former name of Vikramaditya I.However, historian D. P. Dikshit disputes this identification, and believes that Adityavarman succeeded <mask>, and in turn, was succeeded by his son Abhinavaditya. Chandraditya is attested by the Nerur and Kochre grant inscriptions of his wife Vijaya-Bhattarika, which accord him imperial titles, but are dated in the regnal years of his wife. It is possible that Chandraditya held the throne after Abhinavaditya, and after his death, his wife acted as a regent for their minor son. His brother Vikramaditya I, appears to have restored Chalukya power as the supreme commander of the Chalukya army during this period, becoming the de facto ruler in the process. Ranaragha-varman is attested by the Honnur inscription dated to the 16th regnal year of his younger brother Vikramaditya. The inscription states that Ranaragha-varman's daughter was the wife of the Ganga prince Madhava, a subordinate of Vikramaditya. Vikramaditya I restored the Chalukya power, and recaptured Vatapi from the Pallavas.Dharashraya Jayasimha-varman, a younger brother of Vikramaditya, is attested by the 671 CE Navsari grant inscription. Extent of the kingdom The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang attests that <mask> ruled an extensive, militarily powerful and economically prosperous kingdom through several loyal vassals. The Aihole inscription states that <mask>'s kingdom was bound by the oceans on three sides, suggesting that he ruled a vast portion of the Indian peninsula to the south of the Vindhyas. However, there is no evidence that he was able to annex the extreme southern kingdoms of the Cholas, the Keralas (Cheras), and the Pandyas to his empire. After his victory over Harsha, <mask> appears to have acquired control of a large part of western Deccan to the south of the Narmada river. The Aihole inscription states that he gained control of the "three Maharashtras" which included 99,000 villages. The identity of these "three Maharashtras" is not certain: according to historian D. C. Sircar, they may have been the Maharashtra proper (a large part of present-day Maharashtra), Konkana, and Karnata.Pulakeshin could not administer this large kingdom centrally, and therefore, ruled through governors from the Chalukya family and loyal vassals, who included the rulers defeated by him. The Sendraka prince Sena-nanda-raja ruled the Konkana and neighbouring areas as his loyal feudatory. The family of Alla-shakti ruled the Khandesh and neighbouring areas as his vassal, as attested by the Abhona and Kasare inscriptions. After defeating the Vishnukundins, Pulakeshin acquired control of a large part of the eastern Deccan region, extending from Vishakhapatnam in north to Nellore and Guntur in the south. Pulakeshin appointed his younger brother Vishnu-vardhana, who had earlier served as his governor of the Velvola country, as the governor of Vengi in eastern Deccan. Vishnu-vardhana acknowledges Pulakeshin's suzerainty in his 631 CE Kopparam inscription, but asserts himself as an independent ruler in his 641 CE Chirupalli inscription. After Pulakeshin's death, the Chalukya governor Vijaya-varman, who ruled in the Lata region (in southern Gujarat), also seems to have asserted his independence.Vijaya-varman's 643 CE Kheda (Kaira) inscription records a land grant without any reference to a Chalukya overlord. Foreign relations According to the 9th-century Persian historian Al-Tabari, <mask> ("Pharmis") maintained diplomatic relations with the Sasanian ruler Khosrow II of present-day Iran. Pulakeshin sent expensive presents and letters to Khusrow and his sons, during the 26th regnal year of the Sasanian monarch. This embassy can be dated to c. 625 CE. In the 1870s, architectural historian James Fergusson theorized that a painting at the Ajanta Cave 1 depicted a Sasanian embassy to Pulakeshin's court. The painting depicts several figures in foreign dress: Fergusson identified the dress as Sasanian, and proposed that the Sasanian king sent a return embassy to the Chalukya kingdom. This theory was widely accepted by other scholars, but is no longer considered correct: the painting, which does indeed include the visit of foreigners in Persian or Sassanian dress, actually depicts a scene from the Maha-sudarsana Jataka, in which the enthroned king can be identified as the Buddha in one of his previous births as a King.The inclusions of numerous men in Sassanian clothing in the caves of Ajanta seems to reflect the great number of Sassanian traders or workers in Central India at that time, and the fact that they were an object of intense interest by the Indians. The good relations between Indian and the Sasanian Empire encouraged the migration to India of Zoroastrians, who were persecuted by the rise of Islam. They settled on the West coast of the Deccan and established the Parsi Community. Religion <mask> was a Vaishnavite, as attested by the Lohner copper-plate inscription which calls him a Parama-bhagavata ("devotee of Vishnu"), and the Pimpalner copper-plate inscription which states that he belonged to the line of Vishnu. Several of his inscriptions begin with salutations to Vishnu, and bear seals with emblems that feature varaha, an incarnation of Vishnu. He was tolerant of other faiths: The construction of the Shaivite shrines now called the Upper Shivalaya, the Lower Shivalaya, and Malegitti Shivalaya, started during his reign. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang mentions that there were over 100 Buddhist monasteries in his kingdom; over 5,000 monks - both Mahayana and Hinayana - lived in these monasteries.The Meguti Jain temple at Vatapi was also built during his reign, by Ravikirrti, who composed the Aihole inscription engraved on the wall of this temple. Cultural activities The Aihole inscription of <mask> states that he was generous in "bestowing gifts and honours on the brave and the learned". The inscription's composer Ravikirrti, a court poet of <mask>, describes himself as an equal of the famous Sanskrit poets Bhasa and Kalidasa. Inscriptions Following inscriptions from <mask>'s reign have been discovered: The Yekkeri rock inscription, which was probably issued in <mask>'s first regnal year, contains land records in certain towns said to be owned by the god Mahadeva. The Hyderabad copper-plate grant inscription is dated to the Shaka year 532 (expired), and was issued during <mask>'s 3rd regnal year. It was issued during the solar eclipse on the Amavasya of the Bhadrapada month, which corresponds to 23 July 613. It records a village grant.The Maruturu grant inscription records the grant of the Maruturu village at the instance of the Aluka vassal ruler, and notices the occupation of Pishtapura. The Satara grant inscription of Vishnu-vardhana refers to him as the crown-prince. The Lohner (Nashik district) inscription is dated to the year 552 of an unspecified calendar era, which must be the Shaka era. It registers grant of the Goviyanaka village to a Brahmana named Dama Dikshita. The Kopparam copper-plate inscription, dated to <mask>'s 21st regnal year, records the grant of a village in Karma-rashtra region to a Brahmana. The Aihole prashasti inscription, composed by <mask>'s court poet Ravikirtti, records the construction of a Jinendra temple by Ravikirtti, and lists <mask>'s military achievements. The undated Tummeyanaru grant inscription of Pulakeshin bestows the title Paramaveshvara on him.The Chiplun copper-plate inscription record the grant of the Amravatavaka village in Avaretika vishaya (province) to a Brahmana named Maheshvara. It refers to <mask>'s maternal uncle and vassal king Shrivallabha Sena-nanda-raja, who belonged to the Sendraka dynasty. The Nerur inscription. The fragmentary Badami rock inscription refers to the "victorious metropolis" of Vatapi. The Hirebidri (Dharwar district) stone inscription records a land grant by Tiraka. A Kannada-language inscription from Bellary district "specifies the land measure and the coin to be used at Kurumgodu". The undated Peddavaduguru Ishvara temple stone inscription records <mask>'s grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village after his subjugation of Ranavikrama.The defeated ruler was probably a king of the Bana dynasty; alternatively, he may be identified with Mangalesha, who bore the title Ranavikrama. The Bijapur-Mumbai copper-plate grant inscription records a land grant to Nagasharman of Kaushika gotra, and includes a prashasti (praise) of the dynasty and its kings. The granted land was located in the Brahmana-Vataviya villages situated on the banks of the Godavari River (identified with modern Brahmangaon and Wadvali, east of Paithan, in Aurangabad district). The copper plates were purchased by Raghuvir Pai of Mumbai from a scrap-vendor of Bijapur in the 1990s. The inscription was unreadable because of corrosion, but Shreenand L. Bapat of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute cleaned it and published it in 2017. It is written in Sanskrit language and inscribed in a southern variety of the Brahmi script. It was issued on the occasion of a lunar eclipse on a full-moon day in the Vaishakha month of Pulakeshin's ninth regnal year, which corresponds to 4 April 619 CE.Following inscriptions are attributed to Pulakeshin's reign, but are considered spurious by modern scholars: The Kandalgaon copper-plate inscription, dated to <mask>'s 5th regnal year, records the grant of the Pirigipa village on Revati island. It is considered spurious because its script features irregular characters and its language is very inaccurate. Additionally, its seal and opening matter are different from other Chalukya inscriptions, and it contains a faulty description of Pulakeshin. The Lakshmeshvara inscription records the grant of a field to the chaitya of Shankha Jinendra. It is considered spurious because of "late script and irregular dating". The Pimpalner copper-plate inscription, considered spurious for the same reasons as the Lakshmeshvara inscription, records the grant of the Pippalanagara to Nagarasvami Dikshita. See also History of South India Sivagamiyin sabadham, a historical novel featuring <mask>di Pulikeshi (film), a Kannada-language film based on the life of <mask> II References Bibliography Early Chalukyas 640s deaths 7th-century Indian monarchs Indian Hindus Indian military