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(classical music) (writing on chalkboard) - You might not want to watch this one while you're eating because today, we're talking about rotting food. Yay. So, we've all seen things go bad; last Tuesday's leftovers, Anakin Skywalker, your relationships. When most food goes bad, you'll see mold slowly eating holes in it, or maybe a film of slime as bacteria break the food down. But, milk doesn't fall apart when it goes bad, it clumps together. The simplest answer to why this happens is that bacteria have really interesting poop. Actually poop in general is pretty fascinating, by studying excrement you can learn a lot about an animal. But, the bacteria that we're interested in today are of the order, Lactobacillales. Commonly called lactic acid bacteria because they excrete lactic acid. Some species in this order, Lactococcus lactis, for example, hang out in soil, grasses, and vegetables all over the world. When milk producing animals eat that produce, (cow chewing) the bacteria pass into their milk. Even Pasteurization, which is the process where stuff like milk is gently heated to kill off bacteria, can leave trace numbers of them. These critters love to eat lactose, the natural sugar that occurs in milk. They break it down during digestion, releasing lactic acid as a by-product. It's technically a type of fermentation of the milk sugar. Milk is an emulsion, which is the science term for a mixture of things that don't usually mix. The things in this case are water and fats. Under normal circumstances, fats and water repel each other, but milk also contains complex protein chains called caseins that are made up of both hydrophilic, or water loving, and lipophilic, or fat loving, particles. When presented with both water and fats, caseins grab bits of fat and cluster up into globules called micelles, with the fat on the inside and the hydrophilic bits on the outside. The hydrophilic particles grab onto electrons in the water, meaning that each micelle winds up having a negative charge. And, since negatively charged particles repel each other, the globules suspend themselves throughout the water in order to keep their distance. Thus, milk is an emulsion. But, that changes when you add lactic acid into the mix. Acids are sour tasting compounds that react with water, releasing positively charged Hydrogen ions. So, when bacteria multiply in your milk and produce a whole bunch of lactic acid, it reacts with the water there, releasing a whole bunch of Hydrogen ions. These positively charges particles latch on to the negatively charges micelles and neutralize them. With no force keeping the micelles apart, they clump together. So you wind up with sour and lumpy, aka curdled, milk. That's pretty gross and unfortunate if you were hoping to have some milk and cereal, or some cream in your coffee. But, chemically speaking, this process is awesome. A controlled version of it is the first step in making yogurt, cheese and sour cream. We also put lactic acid bacteria to use in fermenting sugars to create lots of foods: chocolate, kimchi, pickles, miso, sourdough bread, and cured meats and sausages. So what other food science questions do you have? Let me know in the comments, and I shall endeavor to answer them in future episodes. I f you liked this video, why don't you make it official, and subscribe so that you won't miss the next one. And, of course, your source and mine for lots of curiosity quenchers is HowStuffWorks.com.

>> Sreenivasan: WHEN WE THINK OF THE SOURCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, TRANSPORTATION AND INDUSTRY ARE LIKELY THE FIRST THINGS THAT COME TO MIND. IN REALITY, 40% OF THOSE EMISSIONS IN THE U.S. STEM FROM THE ENERGY USED TO HEAT, COOL, LIGHT, AND POWER OUR BUILDINGS. BUT A NEW RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN FLORIDA IS TRYING TO SHOW THERE'S A DIFFERENT WAY. THIS STORY IS PART OF OUR ONGOING SERIES "PERIL AND PROMISE-- THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE." IT TOOK THE LOCAL UTILITY COMPANY MORE THAN A YEAR TO BUILD THIS 440 ACRE SOLAR ARRAY IN SOUTHWEST FLORIDA. >> IT'S ONE OF THE LARGEST IF NOT THE LARGEST IN THE STATE. BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY IT POWERS, IT POWERS THE TOWN OF BABCOCK RANCH. >> Sreenivasan: SYD KITSON ONCE PLAYED FOOTBALL FOR THE GREEN BAY PACKERS AND DALLAS COWBOYS. NOW A DEVELOPER, KITSON IS THE MASTERMIND BEHIND BABCOCK RANCH, AN 18-ACRE PLANNED COMMUNITY. AT ITS PEAK, KITSON SAYS THE DEVELOPMENT WILL HAVE CLOSE TO 20,000 HOMES, ALL POWERED BY THE SUN. >> THE IDEA FOR US FROM THE BEGINNING WAS TO CREATE THE MOST ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE, THE MOST SUSTAINABLE NEW TOWN THAT HAD EVER BEEN DEVELOPED. >> Sreenivasan: IN 2006, KITSON'S REAL ESTATE COMPANY BOUGHT 91,000 ACRES OF LAND, THEN SOLD 80% OF IT TO THE STATE OF FLORIDA TO BE PRESERVED FOREVER. THE COMPANY IS USING THE REMAINING PROPERTY, MOSTLY FORMER FARM AND ROCK MINING LAND TO CREATE BABCOCK RANCH. THAT INCLUDES MORE THAN 8,000 ACRES FOR GREEN SPACE. THE FIRST RESIDENTS MOVED IN IN JANUARY. THE HOPE IS THAT BY 2040, BABCOCK RANCH WILL BE HOME TO 50,000 PEOPLE. AND DEMONSTRATE THAT GOING GREEN IS GOOD BUSINESS. >> IT JUST SEEMED LIKE A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO PROVE THAT YOU CAN DO IT THE RIGHT WAY. THAT YOU CAN PRESERVE LAND, THAT PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT CAN WORK HAND IN HAND. >> Sreenivasan: BUT THE AMBITION GOES BEYOND SOLAR POWER AND PRESERVATION. THE GOAL IS FOR BABCOCK RANCH TO BE A MODEL OF SUSTAINABILITY. THE DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES ALL THE HOMES AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS TO BE CERTIFIED GREEN BY THE FLORIDA GREEN BUILDING COALITION. >> BUILDERS WERE LIKE, "REALLY? YOU WANT ME TO DO WHAT? THAT'S GOING TO BLOW MY BUDGET." >> Sreenivasan: JENNIFER LANGUELL IS A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONSULTANT HIRED BY KITSON'S FIRM. SHE WORKS WITH THE BUILDERS AT BABCOCK RANCH, STEERING THEM TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS. >> SO WHY I WANTED TO GET YOU GUYS OUT HERE TO THIS HOUSE IN PARTICULAR, WAS BECAUSE IT'S KIND OF THIS HOUSE IN HIS UNDERPANTS STAGE AND SO WE CAN KIND OF SEE WHAT'S BEHIND THOSE WALLS. >> Sreenivasan: SHE POINTS TO INSULATION IN THE ROOF, FOAM IN THE CONCRETE WALLS, AND EVEN THE THICKNESS OF WINDOWS. ALL OF THESE COMPONENTS ARE SPECIFICALLY SELECTED TO OPTIMIZE ENERGY EFFICIENCY. >> WE'RE LOOKING AT ABOUT A 27% ENERGY REDUCTION OVER FLORIDA ENERGY CODE AND THAT'S ABOUT A 40 TO 42% ENERGY REDUCTION OVER THE NATIONAL AVERAGE. >> I WANTED THE SMALLEST POSSIBLE HOME. >> Sreenivasan: RICHARD AND ROBIN KINLEY WERE THE VERY FIRST RESIDENTS OF BABCOCK RANCH. THE SEMI-RETIRED COUPLE MOVED HERE IN JANUARY FROM THE ATLANTA AREA TO ESCAPE THE CONGESTION OF THE CITY AND LEAD A MORE ECO- FRIENDLY LIFE. >> I GREW UP ON THE EAST COAST OF FLORIDA AND I SAW HOMES JUST KIND OF THROWN UP AND NOT THOUGHT THROUGH ALL THAT WELL. >> IT'S MORE OF AN INTENTION TO LIVE IN THIS KIND OF COMMUNITY. PRETTY MUCH EVERYONE THAT'S MOVED IN SEEMS TO BE A SIMILAR MIND AS FAR AS SUSTAINABILITY. >> Sreenivasan: THE KINLEYS OWN TWO CARS, ONE OF WHICH IS ELECTRIC. EVERY GARAGE IS PRE-WIRED WITH ENOUGH POWER TO EASILY CHARGE IT. BUT LIVING IN A TOWN DESIGNED TO BE WALKABLE-- BABCOCK RANCH HAS MILES OF TRAILS-- THE KINLEYS SAY THEY OFTEN GO SEVERAL DAYS WITHOUT DRIVING AT ALL. >> I LOVE THE IDEA OF GETTING AWAY FROM CARS. I MEAN I THINK CARS ARE JUST LITERALLY CHOKING AMERICA TO DEATH. >> Sreenivasan: THE TOWN IS TESTING ONE OF THE STATE'S FIRST DRIVERLESS SHUTTLE SYSTEMS, POWERED BY ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM THE SOLAR PANELS. THE GOAL IS TO GIVE EVERY RESIDENT ACCESS TO THE VEHICLES VIA A RIDE HAILING APP. AND SYD KITSON SAYS THAT MAY BE FEASIBLE BY NEXT YEAR. >> WE'RE HOPING WITHIN TEN YEARS PEOPLE WILL HAVE NEED FOR ONLY ONE CAR AND THEN SHORTLY THEREAFTER THEY WON'T NEED A CAR AT ALL. >> Sreenivasan: IN THE MEANTIME RESIDENTS KEEP COMING, ABOUT 200 SO FAR. JASMIN AND JOSHUA DAY WEREN'T LOOKING FOR A COMMUNITY LIKE THIS. BUT JUST A WEEK AFTER DISCOVERING THE TOWN, THEY PUT A DEPOSIT DOWN ON A HOME. >> HE HAD A CONVERSATION WITH A CO-WORKER WHO WAS JOKING WITH HIM BECAUSE WE KIND OF ARE MORE, HIPPY, I GUESS MAYBE IN SOME OF THE THINGS THAT WE DO. AND THEY WERE JOKING AND THEY WERE LIKE, "OH WE HEARD ABOUT THIS TOWN IT'S LIKE THIS SUSTAINABLE CITY THERE'S SOLAR PANELS, YOU GUYS WOULD LOVE IT." AND I LOOKED IT UP AND I WAS LIKE I REALLY ACTUALLY DO LOVE THIS TOWN. >> Sreenivasan: JOSHUA, A PHYSICAL THERAPIST, GOT A JOB AT THE LOCAL HEALTH CENTER IN THE TOWN'S COMMERCIAL HUB BEFORE THEY MOVED IN. IT'S WHERE THE FIRST BUILDINGS WENT UP. THERE'S ALSO A RESTAURANT AND COFFEE SHOP, A SMALL GROCERY STORE, AND A BRAND NEW SCHOOL AND THIS IS ALL STRATEGIC. IT'S EARLY IN THE PROJECT, BUT KITSON'S GOAL IS TO BUILD A SELF-CONTAINED TOWN: PROVIDE ROBUST LOCAL BUSINESSES WITH JOB OPPORTUNITIES SO RESIDENTS WILL BE LESS LIKELY TO JUMP IN A CAR AND LEAVE. IN FACT, JOSHUA'S NEW COMMUTE IS JUST A FIVE MINUTE BIKE RIDE. >> FOR US, BEING PART OF LIKE A COMMUNITY OF PEOPLE WHO ARE ALSO THINKING THIS, IT'S NOT JUST OUR CHOICES. IT'S YOU KNOW BUILDERS, IT'S LANDSCAPERS, IT'S PEOPLE WHO ARE BUYING FROM THE FARMERS MARKET INSTEAD OF YOU KNOW X, Y AND Z. LIKE, FOR US IT'S REALLY AN ENDLESS STREAM OF CHOICES. >> Sreenivasan: THE SOLAR PANELS AND GREEN BUILDINGS MAY BE THE MOST VISIBLE SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES AT BABCOCK RANCH. BUT ACCORDING TO ENGINEER AMY WICKS, IT'S WATER CONSERVATION THAT SHAPED THE DESIGN OF THE COMMUNITY. >> IT'S REALLY A UNIQUE SYSTEM HERE AND IT'S REALLY NOT SOMETHING THAT'S BEEN DONE IN RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS THUS FAR. >> Sreenivasan: DRIVING ALONG THE TOWN'S ROADS YOU MIGHT NOT NOTICE THESE FLAT RIBBON CURBS. THEY ALLOW WATER TO FLOW TO WHAT ARE CALLED RAIN GARDENS, THEY'RE DESIGNED TO REPLICATE WHAT WETLANDS DO: HOLD AND FILTER WATER BEFORE IT FLOWS DOWNSTREAM. >> INSTEAD OF JUST ENGINEERING A SYSTEM TO WORK, WE'RE ENGINEERING THE SYSTEM TO MIMIC NATURE, BECAUSE REALLY WHAT WE'VE LEARNED OVER TIME IS NATURE HAD IT RIGHT ALL ALONG. >> Sreenivasan: WICKS HAS WORKED ON WATER ENGINEERING AT BABCOCK RANCH FOR MORE THAN A DECADE. SHE SAYS THIS LAND ONCE HAD SEASONAL LAKES BEFORE IT WAS DRAINED TO MAKE WAY FOR AGRICULTURE AND MINING. >> THIS HERE IS THE WEIR THAT WE'VE DESIGNED THAT'S GOING TO HOLD BACK THAT WATER TO MIMIC THAT NATURAL SYSTEM THAT WAS HERE BEFORE, THAT NATURAL LAKE SYSTEM. >> Sreenivasan: NORTH OF TOWN A DITCH THAT JUST A YEAR AGO LOOKED LIKE THIS HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED. >> THIS NOW HOLDS WATER, ALMOST THE ENTIRE YEAR. BACK TO WHAT THE NATURAL CONDITIONS WERE. >> Sreenivasan: AND WHAT BABCOCK RANCH IS DOING HERE HAS AN EFFECT ON NEARBY WATERWAYS. TOXIC ALGAE BLOOMS HAVE INCREASED IN FLORIDA. THEY TURN WATERWAYS GREEN, SMELL, AND CAN AFFECT BOTH HUMAN AND MARINE ANIMAL HEALTH. THE BLOOMS CAN NATURALLY OCCUR, BUT WORSEN WITH RUNOFF FROM AGRICULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING FERTILIZER AND WASTE. >> WE'VE REALLY REALIZED THAT DEVELOPMENT HAS REALLY IMPACTED THE WATER QUALITY IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA. SOMETHING LIKE THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT JUST TO TRY TO REDUCE THE OVERALL RUNOFF THAT'S GOING OUT TO OUR GULF ULTIMATELY, OUT TO OUR OCEANS. >> SOMETHING'S ALWAYS DOWNSTREAM FROM YOU AND YOU'VE GOT TO TAKE THAT INTO ACCOUNT. >> Sreenivasan: WIN EVERHAM IS AN ECOLOGIST AT FLORIDA GULF COAST UNIVERSITY. EARLY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BABCOCK RANCH, HE WAS CALLED IN TO HELP SURVEY THE WILDLIFE POPULATION. AND HE'S FOLLOWED THE PROJECT'S DEVELOPMENT. >> WHAT WE KNOW WILL HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE ON THIS LANDSCAPE IS MORE PEOPLE WILL WANT TO COME HERE. AND WHAT WE'RE REALLY LACKING IS BETTER MODELS FOR HOW TO PUT THEM ON THE LAND. BABCOCK RANCH COULD BE A BETTER MODEL. >> Sreenivasan: BUT FOR ALL OF THE TOWN'S SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES, THERE ARE GAPS. FOR EXAMPLE, MOST OF THE HOMES WILL BE SINGLE FAMILY. >> I THINK IT'S FAIR TO CRITICIZE SOME OF THE WAYS WE DEVELOP AND PART OF THE WAYS THAT BABCOCK'S BEEN DEVELOPED THAT THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY OF PUTTING PEOPLE ON THE LAND WOULD BE IN TALL APARTMENT BUILDINGS WHERE THE PEOPLE ARE CONCENTRATED AND YOU MAXIMIZE THE GREEN SPACE. >> Sreenivasan: AND WHILE GREEN SPACE HAS BEEN SET ASIDE AT BABCOCK, AND THE AMOUNT OF GRASS EACH HOME CAN HAVE IS LIMITED, SOME HAVE ARGUED THE DEVELOPERS COULD HAVE GONE FURTHER. FOR INSTANCE THEY COULD BAN LAWNS ALTOGETHER. >> WE'VE BEEN ASKED, YOU KNOW, WHY DON'T YOU JUST YOU KNOW SAY YOU CAN'T HAVE GRASS AT ALL AND YOU KNOW THE PRACTICALITY OF IT IS DIFFICULT. REMEMBER, WE DO HAVE TO SELL HOMES. >> Sreenivasan: KITSON SAYS HOMES ARE PRICED FOR DIFFERENT BUDGETS. THEY START AT AROUND $200,000, SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN THE MEDIAN FOR THIS PART OF FLORIDA AND CAN GO AS HIGH AS $1 MILLION. KITSON SAYS AFFORDABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY ARE NOT NECESSARILY IN CONFLICT. >> WE NEED TO PROVE THAT BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE NEW TOWN MAKES SENSE FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE. NOT JUST FROM THE PEOPLE WHO ARE DEVELOPING IT LIKE US, BUT FOR THE HOMEOWNERS WHO ARE GOING TO BUY HOMES AND MAKE THEIR INVESTMENTS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY. >> Sreenivasan: BUT KITSON ACKNOWLEDGES MAKING BABCOCK RANCH AS GREEN AS POSSIBLE IS STILL A WORK IN PROGRESS. >> ARE WE 100% SUSTAINABLE RIGHT NOW? NO. BUT CAN WE GET THERE? ABSOLUTELY.

Hello, and welcome to another ML5 neural network video tutorial. I'm following up on what I did in the previous video where I built this example. This example has this interaction where you click the mouse all over this canvas and press keys to assign each xy point a label, C, D, E-- and I added a bunch of notes since the previous video. So I have the full scale C, D, E, F, G, A, B. Then I trained the model with the inputs being the xy of all these points and the target being the actual label. And once the model is trained, it can make guesses. So in theory, I just collected this data set, trained the model. When I click into it, when I click over here, I should hear the musical note D. I should hear the musical note E, G, A. And in between, it's sort of interesting to see what I get. But it works as expected. I ran into like a pretty significant problem while working on this. Because once I've collected the data set and trained the model, if I had a bug in the code or something I needed to fix or I wanted to try a different parameter, I have to stop the sketch and run it again and sit there and do this. This highly manual process of clicking, clicking, clicking to collect the data set. So in this video, I want to look at saving the data. And I also want to look at saving the model, which, those are two pretty different things. It might seem like the same idea. I want to save the data. I want to save the model. Why would I do one versus the other? Let's pause for a second and examine all the steps of a machine learning project and where we might want to save the data versus save the model and why. Step 1, collect the data. Now, this could be a really big, complicated step. But in my scenario, in my example, it's just clicking the mouse a whole bunch of times and pressing keys on the keyboard. Step 2, train the model. Once the model has been trained, the idea is to use that model in some scenario. So that we can call step 3, deploy the model or prediction inference. So now the question is, where along the way might you want to save the state of what you're doing? So in the most traditional machine learning sense, once you've done all of this and your model is trained, you don't ever need to look back. You've got a trained model. You can save that model. So right here in between steps 2 and 3 is a point where we might want to save the model if we're done and our model is exactly the way we want it and we're ready to just use it in a project. However, you might want to try training the model a variety of different ways. And this is where you might want to, in between these two steps, save the data. We also might collect a lot of data want to take a break, reload that data, collect more data. There's a lot of different reasons why we might want to stop in between steps 1 and 2 and save where we are. And the functions in the ML5 neural network class that we want to use are saveData and save. So just save is saving the model. SaveData is saving the data. There are also functions for loading it back, which we'll look at, loadData, and load. Let's begin by just looking at saveData. So in this particular example, all of the interaction happens with key presses. And certainly as I've mentioned before, you might want to think about a more thoughtful interface for doing all this work. But for me, I'm just going to add another key press, s, for saveData. So I'm going to say elseif the key is s, then I'm going to call model.saveData. I can look up more about how the saveData function works by looking at the ML5 website. And we can see there's two optional arguments. So one argument is a file name, which I want to use because I want to set the file name. It'll just pick a date if you don't. And then a callback to know that it's done. I don't actually really need to worry about that. Because I'll know that it's done when the file is there and downloaded to the downloads directory. I'm going to give it the name mouse-notes and run the sketch and collect some data. So I'm just going to do a little bit just to make sure it's working. So now I can hit s. And look, a file has been downloaded. I can take a look at this file in Visual Studio Code. And here's what the file looks like. So I've got a data property with an array that has all the data in it. x, ys with a, label, x, y with a label. And if I reformat the JSON, you can actually see it here, and it's much more legible what's going on. So this is all of the data that I've collected. Not very much data, but there it is. So now that I've done that, I might as well take the time to collect a lot more data, knowing that I can save it. Methodically collected a large data set. Now I'm going to press s to save it. And here's what it looks like. Almost 400 data samples. Let's see how it performs. I going to train the model. Try doing some inference. It works pretty well. So now, the next thing that I want to try to do is hit stop and run the sketch again but have all of my data reappear. Let's see if I can make that happen. Now, instead of just creating the neural network, I can create the neural network and load data into it. And that's as easy as saying, model.loadData mouse-notes.json. The only thing here is that you have to remember that I'm working in client-side JavaScript only. So if I run this right now, well, it's giving me this nice error here because it's looking for a JSON object with an array called data. But it can't find it because that JSON file doesn't exist. It doesn't exist because I downloaded it to the downloads directory. And so I need, for my p5 sketch to be able to access it, I have to manually upload it back to the p5 web editor. If I were writing my own server, maybe with Node.js, I could do something where I could save the data and have it reload back automatically. But that's another example for another time. Let me do Add File and drag mouse-notes.json in here. Now, we can see that that file is part of my p5 sketch. And I should be able to run the sketch now. All right, I think the data was loaded. I don't see it, because I'm not drawing it. So this might be something I want to add in a moment, be able to draw the data that it's loaded. But in theory, there's no reason why I couldn't train the model. All right, the model is trained. And you can see, I'm not seeing the data. I'm not seeing those clusters. But it's clearly been trained based on that data. To show you how this can be useful, one thing that I might want to do is change some property that affects the training process. So I could try it multiple times. And an obvious one might be to try learning rate. So let's say I make a smaller learning rate, 0.01, and I run the sketch again. I've got to click in here so that my key press gets activated. So I'm going to add one more piece of data and hit T. So you can see, with a small learning rate, the loss is going down very, very, very, very slowly. So in this case, having a small learning rate is not super helpful. But I can say, OK, that learning rate wasn't good. Let me try a much larger learning rate, like 0.5, run it again, hit T for train. And then you can can see, with this high learning rate, that loss is going down really, really quickly. Now, I don't mean to suggest here that universally a high learning rate is better than a low learning rate. There's a lot of it depends here. But just to show you how you can now retrain the model changing all of the different kinds of options, and you could look at the ML5 neural network documentation and see what other kind of options you might want to play around with or change. You might be finding this example a little bit tricky to follow because you can't actually see the data. So let's add that feature of, once I've loaded the data, also drawing it to the canvas. So in this case, having a callback for when the data is ready would be very useful. I'm going to say, dataLoaded. I'm going to write my dataLoaded function. And let me just look at where I'm drawing stuff. I'm going to grab all this drawing code, bring it back up here. Let me comment it out. And let's actually look at what the data looks like in the neural network model. So I think I should be able to just console.log the model's data, I think. So this is what the ML5 data object looks like. And for me, the important bit here is under data under raw. This raw data is all of the actual xy coordinate with the target label. I can make a variable called data. And I can iterate over it. So here, I'm looking at the raw data, iterating over every single element, pulling out the x's into the inputs, the y's into the target. And then I can add the drawing code back in. Only here, I'm saying, inputs.x, inputs.y. And this is target.label. So I believe if I run it-- aha, I figured out what my mistake is. This is confusing, because in model-- is what I'm seeing here is model.data, and I want to look at model.data.data.raw. This leads me to think that maybe it would make sense to have something like a getData function. Because in many cases, you just want the raw data. ML5 is storing a lot of information about the data set additionally to help it when it loads it later. But for looking at it again, it might be easier just to have a function that just grabs that rather than saying data.data.raw. But take a look. Maybe by the time you're watching this, this will have been added to the ML5 library. Let's see if this works. There we go. Ooh, so it drew all the circles, but I have the label wrong. Why do I have the label wrong? Oops, I Copy/Pasted mouseX, mouseY in there. But I've got to get the actual xy coordinate. Always making silly mistakes. Let's run this again. And there we go. Now, it's loading that data. And maybe actually what I want to do also once the data is loaded is just automatically call training. So I could do all this stuff right here. I could run the sketch. And it's immediately going to train the model. And I'm ready for inference. None of this is working, I might offer an exercise suggestion. And I will try to remember to, in the video's description, linked to code that does this in addition to just the code that's here right now. So remind me in the comments if I haven't. But how could you take this example, which now loads the data set and immediately trains the model, to allow you to change the state back to data collection? So I trained the model. Then I want to add some more data, retrain the model, resave the data. How could you have a workflow that allows you to load the data you previously had and add new data, remove some of the data even-- how would you do that-- and retrain the model? And once we are there and we've got this workflow where I can collect data, train, change parameters, train again, recollect, all that kind of stuff, I'm ready for the next step-- definitely want to ring the bell for this-- which is actually save the trained model itself.

Hey guys! Welcome back :D Sorry I haven't been uploading as much recently I'm still working through getting to know my new gear and just seeing what type of video style I'd like to move forward with Thanks for all your patience while I perfect my videos. I'll be creating more creative, higher quality content very soon LET'S EAT!! First bite is all yours :)

Hello, welcome to my channel! In this video as indicated in the previous I am going to try our Formula 1 from NSR Powered by Black Arrow which is the one I normally use in my cars. The Siux motor. We will see first the magnetic attraction the both motors We put the NSR and this is the magnetic attraction of this motor, the King. 6.40 grams Now the Sioux of Black Arrow 3.24 grams Almost half of magnetic attraction I am going to mount this motor in the car and to try it and see the difference there is with the Black Arrow Ferrari Good! I want to show you a little one peculiarity from NSR Formula 1 When you have one, look they have the reverse transmission Crown to the other side and the motor mounted upside down too Let's go with the test on the track NSR Formula 1 with Siux motor by Black Arrow The same as the Ferrari. We have made the 20 laps. Minor motor magnet effect noted curved, brake go a little more, little the car is still going very well but if it shows that less effect magnet Times have been very good Somewhat older but very good. Let's see the results. Fast lap 5.903 seconds Next 5.905 seconds And next 5.910 seconds Let's look at the total time. 1 minute 59 seconds 655 thousandths At the end the difference is in 3 or 4 tenths I think I remember in 20 laps this is nothing I honestly like it better like this no magnet effect I must be allergic to the magnet! I don't like it, I prefer cars more real Tell you that their rear tires are very soft they grab a lot Conclusion, a fantastic car to take out of the box and run championships Very good for single brand racing Without doing anything Take them out of the box and run And enjoy! I liked it a lot. I hope you enjoy it as I do. And that's all thanks for follow me and until the next video.

Welcome to the Dreamit Dose. In the next five minutes, we're going to talk about how most startups get killed by usually two to three key assumptions. How to identify them, how to de-risk them, and how to make sure it doesn't happen to you. Let's dive in. In the last 30 years of being an entrepreneur and investor, I've learned that every single new idea, every sales forecast I ever look at, is always based on two to three critical assumptions. The problem is, the entrepreneurs and startups never seem to get that point. What I want you to think about is what are the two to three most critical assumptions you're making that if you're wrong you're dead. Think about that, and if you want to think more narrowly a friend of mine used to use, and still uses, a great line. What's the bet? What's the single most critical assumption you're making that your idea, your startup, your forecast, is going to work? Let's say I was going rock climbing, and imagine I'm standing there and I'm hanging off the edge of the cliff. I'm hanging there off that rope off the edge of the cliff. I've got my Scarpa climbing shoes on, I've got carabiner. Just imagine that person hanging 50 feet down on a 100 foot cliff. My question for you is, what's the bet? What's the one most critical success factor that they're not going to die that day? If you think about it their biggest bet, is the rope isn't going to break. It's not their helmet It's not their carabiner. It's not their Scarpa climbing shoes. If that rope breaks, you're done. So what I want you to think about as you're thinking about your early stage idea, what's that rope break issue for you? Let's think about it a little further and let's use an example from nineteen ninety-nine. When the team and Tony Hsieh got involved with Zappos, what was the bet? Amazon was already running they'd been up for five years. What the bet Zappos was making, is that people would buy shoes online. So what did they do? They maniacally focused on that assumption. They assumed that they weren't exactly going to be correct and that they had to figure that out. They went down to the store. They took pictures of shoes. They posted it online. They didn't even hold inventory. Because if they couldn't de-risk that critical assumption that people would buy shoes online, they were toast. They spent all their time, no leasing warehouses, no big software team, no inventory. De-risk that critical assumption. How are you going to do that for your startup? I realize I'm going quickly. Please leave your questions in the comments section below. Make sure to subscribe we have a lot more coming. So I want you to think about how do you turn assumptions into knowledge as quickly and cheaply as possible. Because remember as assumptions go down value goes up. This is all about consuming your intellectual capital before consuming venture capital. Now you've learned about this in fifth grade when you're in elementary school. You learned about something called the scientific method. Do you remember what it is? Think about it for a minute. The first step in the scientific method is you form a hypothesis. Exactly. And then you set up an experiment to prove or disprove your hypothesis. That's what assumptions and de-risking is all about. Setting up successively important critical success factors or critical assumptions and de-risking them as quickly and cheaply as possible. That's what it's about. That's what I want you to do. That's what I want you to focus on. So that works when you're really early stage startup even as you're moving to your Series A. What are those biggest assumptions? How are you going to de-risk them with your basic idea of your business? Maybe you're getting into your sales pipeline. What are your two to three most critical assumptions going into that pipeline going into that forecast? How do you de-risk them as quickly and cheaply as possible? That's it. Keep asking what are your most critical assumptions? What's the bet? What's your rope break issue? That rope breaks, your dead. Keep setting up experiments to as quickly and as cheaply as possible change assumptions into knowledge. Do that, and you're on the path to success. I look forward to answering your questions in the comments section. That's your Dreamit Dose in five minutes. See you next time.

Hello, my name’s John Curnow, I am in Immunologist, I have a research group here at the University of Birmingham and I’m the programme director for the new MSc in Immunology and Immunotherapy. The programme is delivered as a mixture of both lectures and small group tutorials of 10 to 15 students. There’s also a substantial research project carried out in one of the laboratories across the campus. Immunology impacts on every area of medicine and we have an enormous potential to control the immune response. Examples include vaccination for infectious disease but also vaccination for cancer. So why study immunology at Birmingham? Because you will be taught by scientists at the cutting edge of their discipline. These scientists study both the fundamentals of the immune system, but also there are clinical scientists who are carrying out clinical trials in the use of immunotherapy to treat disease. To complement the expertise of the teaching staff we have a fantastic range of cutting edge research laboratories and equipment available to the students, especially when they carry out their research projects. Every student on the programme will carry out a research project of around four months and they will carry these out in these internationally renowned research groups being fully integrated into those research environments. So when you’ve completed your MSc programme, what will this enable you to do? Well many of our students will go on and study at PhD, either staying at the University of Birmingham or going elsewhere in the UK or the rest of the world. In addition, however, there is of course a very large job market in this multi-billion dollar industry in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology world. Alongside that, some people may decide that they want to move slightly sideways and may go into scientific media or publishing. We welcome applications from anyone with any biological science or biomedical science degree. If you require any further information, please feel free to contact me by email and I hope to see you in September.

Santorini is probably the most famous and most popular Greek island, because of its beautiful scenery, primarily, dramatically perched on the edge of a volcano overlooking a beautiful bay. It's also famous for its mules. So what are these mules doing in a resort island like this? Santorini seems like a pretty modern and expensive place. So why are there mules walking around, right through the middle of town? Well, it's no great surprise, or secret. You savvy viewers probably already know, the mules are here to bring tourists from the water up to the village. Mules have a long history of working for the people of Santorini, well before there was ever any tourists here. They've always been an important part of the human occupation of the island because that's how goods and people got around, probably for thousands of years. Most visitors to Santorini arrive by ship and they face the challenge of getting up the hill to the village up above. You've got three choices: take the cable car, ride a mule, or walk. If you choose to walk up the 600 steps, that's going to take over an hour and it might be a little smelly, and it's exhausting. So let's take the mule. There are some ethical issues to consider about riding the mules. Many animal rights and welfare organizations discourage the riding of these mules, and if you agree with that, then by all means, take the cable car. But on the other hand, mules have been bred to do this kind of work for a long time, starting perhaps about 5000 years ago in Turkey, and spreading from there throughout the world. That's why they were bred. And the mule drivers take good care of their animals, it's their livelihood after all, and even through the long winter when these animals are not doing much work, they are well taken care of, so they get a winter vacation. The biggest issue for the animals is the amount of weight they have to carry. If they were just walking up the hill with nobody on their back, the climb would be easy for these strong animals, so the government has put a weight limit – nobody more than 220 pounds is allowed to ride on the mule. If a heavy person tries to ride, they can be fined as much is $32,000. Mules are fascinating animals with some peculiarities that belong to the mule alone. So let's consider the nature of this hard-working animal as he climbs the hill in Santorini. A mule is a offspring of a male donkey and a female horse, making it a hybrid and sterile so two mules cannot mate and give birth to another mule. You can see how this donkey on the left is smaller and looks different than the mule. The mule is valued because it has the positive characteristics of each species while minimizing their negative aspects. It's an example of hybrid vigor. Charles Darwin said the mule is superior to horse or donkey because it quote "possesses more reason, memory, obstinacy, social affection, powers of muscular endurance and length of life than either of its parents." The mule inherits from its donkey the traits of intelligence, surefootedness, toughness, endurance, gentle disposition, independence and natural cautiousness. From the horse, it inherits speed, basic shape and agility. The mule has the size and ground covering ability of a horse, yet is stronger than a horse of similar size and tends to require less food. Mules are reputed to be more patient, hearty and long-lived than horses, and more intelligent than either of their parents species. The mule is a powerful work animal, able to endure hardship and perform excellent service under adverse conditions. You've heard the phrase "stubborn as a mule." Yes, they do not like to be hurried, worried, or cuffed about. To try and force him to do things against his will is practically impossible, and only makes matters worse. The mule must be understood and gently, but firmly, persuaded to do things. They show a lot of patience under the pressure of heavy weights, and their skin is harder and less sensitive than that of horses, making them more capable of resisting sun and rain. Their hooves are harder than horses, and they show a natural resistance to disease and insects. At night when the mules are done with their long working day in Santorini, they come walking right through the middle of town on their way back to the stables. It's a big surprise for many tourists, who are walking along shopping, and all of a sudden here comes a mule train. It's an unusual event in this unique place that make Santorini all that much more interesting. It's another good reason, if you're on a cruise ship, to stay in town as long as you possibly can. The twilight in Thera is a wonderful time to be walking around shopping anyway, and then you'll have this added bonus of watching the mules parade by. Mules and donkeys have worked here for many centuries, hauling goods and people from the shoreline way up to the settlements up on top of the hill. The roads were always too rough for any kind of a cart or wagon, and later on for trucks, and so the mules and donkeys have always beared the burden of hauling the stuff up and down the hill. They are responsible for the creation of these towns because without them, no towns could've ever been built up here. Mules have long played a historical role of working for people, as far back as 3000 BC in Egypt. Christopher Columbus introduced mules to the New World. George Washington is known as the father of the American mule, with nearly 60 of them at his home in Mount Vernon. Pack trains of mules were instrumental in opening up the American west, as the surefooted animals could carry up to 250 pounds, surviving on rough forage, and could operate in the arid, high levels of the Rockies, serving as the main cargo carriers to the American west during the heyday of expansion into the frontier. There are mules in other parts of Greece, such as the island of Hydra and the town of Lindos on Rhodes, but here in Santorini, they provide a very special kind of ass transit. We have two other movies about Santorini, including an in-depth look at the town of Thera, and the cats of Santorini. Take a look at a brief sample of those two movies. For cat lovers, the Greek island of Santorini is a paradise. It seems like there are cats everywhere here, roaming around freely and they are so cute and friendly. Greece is famous for its cats, which you will find throughout the country, but especially out in the Greek islands and here in Santorini the cats are especially abundant. The best word to describe Santorini is magical, or how about a romantic? These whitewashed cubic shape houses are typical of the traditional architecture of the Greek Cyclades Islands, but here it's different because they're built on the inside rim of a volcano. We upload a new movie every week so please subscribe to our channel and click that little alarm bell so you'll be notified. And if you enjoyed the movie, how about a thumbs up, and we always welcome comments down below, or if you have questions about the destination, make note and we will answer them. Thanks for watching.

Hey everybody, welcome back to Lingua e Passione my name is Stefano and I'm very, very happy to be back! It's been quiet on this channel lately, I know.... but I am so grateful for you to be still around and I've also seen that many people have continued to subscribe to my channel even though I haven't been able to upload any videos in the last few months actually the lockdown put me in a difficult spot I was unable to record any video, let alone to upload multiple ones on the channel but thank you so much for bearing with me lately and I am back now and I'm absolutely delighted to be back! Today's topic is German, this is going to be a video completely in German with English subtitles for those of you who do not understand this language we're going to talk about how and why I learnt German and how I made it an integral part of my life This is a topic that many of you asked for after my poll video in May Just one more thing before we start: in a week or so... it's really a matter of days an epic video is coming up on my channel you really don't wanna miss that one so make sure you stick around, subscribe, and all that good stuff so that you don't miss it, right? Ok, I won't let you wait any longer let's listen to some German, and I really hope you enjoy! Hey lovely people! It is a true joy for me to be able to sit down here today and to tell you guys my German story that is to say how and why I know German and I even made this beautiful language an important part of my life I also hope that this video can be useful for all those who are learning German and who maybe would like to practise their listening and comprehension skills German is still today my strongest foreign language it was also the first language I truly felt in love with when I was in high school and started learning German, I was about 14 or 15 years old German kinda enchanted me from the very first moment It was probably my favourite subject at school together with physical education in the sports hall I loved to play volleyball and I loved to learn German I obviously had German classes just like all my classmates but I was eager to know more, to discover more maybe I studied more, I was very diligent you could have said I was a swot but I actually see it differently I believe my passion for languages was already obvious, it was showing itself already then in that - as mentioned earlier - I studied more, "crammed" more, if you will and I was really eager to know more to learn German faster and better after school I continued to study at university I studied translation and interpretation with German as a working language I also spent a winter term at the university of Heidelberg as part of the Erasmus programm and also later, when I graduated from my university in Milan I spent one more year - a bit more than one year actually - in Heidelberg where I attended Japanese courses at university among other things and I also worked as a translator back then translating a novel from German into Italian and, well, Heidelberg changed my life forever and ever I have also worked a lot as an interpreter at trade shows especially with German but also with other languages for example in Frankfurt, Munich and also in Milan So I really lived the language, I didn't just study it, but I experienced it, I used it, I worked with it I had fun with the language, in the language, with my friends that was critical, that was what really made a big, big difference I'm often asked "why can you speak German so well and why do you speak with almost no mistake?" etc. but I think the fact that I really experienced the language and not merely studied it that I didn't learn it just from the books but I used it and learnt it in everyday life that's one thing and then secondly... maybe the fact that I spent a looot of time with native speakers trying to imitate them, you know? as far as pronunciation goes, obviously I listened to them very very attentively, and then imitated them as well I think this helped me a lot to develop a good accent As I've already mentioned in my first multilingual video which btw is the video that started it all here on YouTube for me and my channel :) German is the only language in which I've had this experience that I can speak German - a foreign language - at the same level as my native language so, for a while, in the past - we're talking 15 years back or so I considered German almost as my second native language because for me it didn't really matter whether I spoke Italian or German I had this feeling that they were at the same level this is unfortunately no longer the case my German has deteriorated a bit in the meantime or it's no longer as mighty as before but oh well, just like I said at the beginning of this video I do think that German is still my strongest language or at least the language in which I feel most at ease in my element :) What I'd really like to say now is that I still make mistakes, you know? after 20 years, I still make mistakes everybody does, even native speakers do I make mistakes in Italian and German native speakers do in German, it's perfectly normal but the mistakes I make have usually to do with the articles namely masculine and neuter because I sometimes say "der" instead of "das" and viceversa and that can't really be helped :D there are some words where I tend to forget whether the article is "das" oder "der" can't do much about it but guys try not to get frustrated if you make mistakes it's completely normal, even after 20 years you can make some and... so what? it doesn't matter what really matters is that you can have fun in the language, you can work in the language you can meet people you can live unforgettable moments and... discover and conquer new worlds that is what language learning is to me Also, no matter what level you're at, always try to maintain a language for me it is now almost more important to maintain the languages that I already know than to learn 10 new languages or something because I do feel that forgetting a language is the worst thing that could happen to a language learner this is all for today many many thanks for watching this video don't forget that in a week's time a very special video is coming up with a special guest don't miss it, ok? :) See you in the next video, bye!

the buffalo fiscal stability authority ad just found that you just from buffalo new york i've spent ninety million dollars on cosmetic procedures and this is not million dollars that was supposed to be used for public schools by was looking is negotiated uh... and dot now we've been doing some stories on if teachers across countries and with uh... with a lot of our viewers for public school teachers and may be given to scrap over the so uh... i'd like to made clear that hey listen if you're of before succumbing dot uh... war or you know a facelift this perfectly okay that's what's been a little bit right that is causing a liberal position but i know you're not buying that bullshit and minimizing and i think it is not supposed to have a position that look it this union happening get better benefits and they say authenticate even a real life makes you really up that some of the outlets give credit to that the union in this case before we decide talking crap about the situation because yet they realize that this is wasteful spending they change date in this isn't gonna happen anymore ok fit there that cop it stopped it and if it's a bit okay but for the year two thousand nine these teachers five hundred teachers and school employees in buffalo new york like i said spent nine million dollars for cosmetic procedures these included face facial peels uh... tummy truck that kinda stuff at the same time this particular school district uh... for the year of twelve twenty ten to twenty eleven face a thirty four million dollar deficit which means that sixty nine percent of the funding for their arts program which means that which mean library hands were fired stop s_l_ exhibits in so unacceptable these teachers need to friend of mine that's what i want that someone acceptable please how do you do that with a good time with a conscience by the way the union says well look the numbers might be a little of plated because now they know when to stop the program direction more instead we get somebody did stop for me not let the only way this helps of the schools at all is that because you get in blue downplaying just come down today at a new job lance alright at in all seriousness mrs the most obviously greeted story right obviously shouldn't be spending kids money in having library inspired about politics ordered et cetera 'cause somebody wanted a boob job or somewhat lagata plastic surgery but luckily there fixing it for next year it's crazy you don't in year two thousand eight they spent one million dollars for cosmetic surgery and i was acceptable a million dollars right it doesn't have built a bit net he does present a wildfire i'm sure somebody got like some sort of surgery done they like you know they cover right there was a really that's exactly what happened and there because chris you know one doctor build the district four point three million dollars one doctor one what is your ready so to keep his you know you know what that means right everybody wants it back i'd like to uh... it was word of mouth these out i discovered you should go to my plastic surgeon right i guarantee you that guy put the word on the street the doctor like i a m you know he discovered demilitarized spotlight look at it as a area this area

Kim anlar halimi Sen de anlamazsan halim yaş Kim özlerki beni Sen özlemezsen ben derdimden ayyaş Geçmesin zaman Olmasın sabah Doğmasın güneş Dönmesin Dünya Esmesin rüzgar Uçmasın kuşlar Sönsün ışıklar... müzik Kolay mı öyle terkedipte gitmek böyle Kolay mı öyle terkedipte gitme böyle ! Sebebi sensin bu anlamsız hayatımın Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun Sebebi sensin yokluğuna dayanamam Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun Sebebi sensin bu anlamsız hayatımın Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun Sebebi sensin yokluğuna dayanamam Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun müzik Kim anlar halimi Sen de anlamazsan halim yaş Kim özlerki beni Sen özlemezsen ben derdimden ayyaş Geçmesin zamann olmasın sabah Doğmasın güneş dönmesin Dünya Esmesin rüzgar uçmasın kuşlar Sönsün ışıklar... Kolay mı öyle terkedipte gitmek böyle Kolay mı öyle terkedipte gitme böyle ! Sebebi sensin bu anlamsız hayatımın Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun Sebebi sensin yokluğuna dayanamam Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun Sebebi sensin bu anlamsız hayatımın Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun Sebebi sensin yokluğuna dayanamam Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun Sebebi sensin anlamıyosun Sebebi sensin oof anlamıyosun

Hi guys, today I am showing a weight loss detox drink by which you will be able to lose 5 Kgs In 3 Days (10 lbs in 3 Days). This is a very powerful drink and will help you get rid of excess water, bloating and toxins, prevent fat absorption and reduce weight by boosting your metabolism. It's a 3-day course, and you need to follow few guidelines to get desired results. So let's get started- To make this weight loss drink, we would need castor oil. Castor oil is also known as Erandel or Arandi Oil. Castor oil is easily available at most of the pharmacies and retail stores. This oil is rich in nutrients like vitamin E, minerals, monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. It also has anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties Castor oil is known as a powerful laxative but do you know that it also has ricinoleic acid which boosts your metabolism and works towards weight loss. Now, let's know how to make it. To make the drink, take 1 cup of warm water. Remember, water can be hot or warm but not cold. You can also make this drink with green tea or ginger tea I recently published a video on how to make ginger tea and its video link is in the description box. I also have a detailed video on green tea. So make sure to watch both the videos to make them right. Video links are in the description box. Now add 1 tbsp of castor oil and stir well. Drink it on an empty stomach for 3 consecutive days. The drink works like a cleaning detergent inside your stomach It will clean your intestines, help get rid of toxins and detox your body completely. This process also cures irregular periods, cholesterol problems, and hormonal issues. You might have to visit washroom a few times as the body would be going through a cleaning process. Few guidelines to follow, to get the best results are - Use a good quality castor oil like cold-pressed castor oil. Do drink a lot of warm water, green or black tea or green or black coffee these 3 days as it will stimulate your body to burn more fat. Avoid eating out plus don’t have refined sugar, meat, processed carbs, artificial sweeteners and full fat dairy including butter, ghee (clarified butter), full-fat milk etc. Rest of the day be on a healthy and clean diet and eat foods like fresh fruits, vegetable salad, oatmeal, soups or khichadi which is a salty porridge made with vegetables, lentils and rice all cooked together Try adding Himalayan Pink Salt instead of regular salt. Do not have chapatis, bread, etc. Use brown rice, oats, buckwheat or quinoa to make porridge. Don’t use white rice. This weight loss drink is not for pregnant and nursing mothers or someone allergic to castor oil. Castor oil has conjugated linoleic acid which causes breakdown and oxidation of fat especially stubborn belly fat. Following this process for 3 days, will slim down your belly, detox your liver and eliminate extra water weight. Do not take this cleanse for more than 3 days. People have really benefitted from this cleanse. You can learn the success comments from my English channel "Versatile Vicky" wherein I posted this video first. I’ll also try coming up with a diet using this cleanse. For now, do try this drink and share your comments. Hit like, subscribe to my channel if you still haven’t and I will see you soon with a new video till then, drink right to stay light. Bye Bye...

[ truenos ] ♪ Díganle... ♪ ♪ Que su partida me ha dejado un mal sabor ♪ ♪ Y yo traté de llenar la ausencia que dejó ♪ ♪ Aun puedo presentir su voz ♪ ♪ Aun pienso en su respiración ♪ ♪ Y no lo he vuelto a ver no sé adónde fue ♪ ♪ Díganle que jamás yo lo volví a llorar ♪ ♪ Alguien por favor le cuente la verdad ♪ ♪ Que ya tomé un remedio pa' mi corazón ♪ ♪ Yo no lo he vuelto a ver no sé adónde fue ♪ ♪ Díganle que jamás me volví a lamentar ♪ ♪ Alguien por favor le cuente la verdad ♪ ♪ Que ya tomé un remedio pa' mi corazón ♪ ♪ Díganle ahora que su amor está en coma ♪ ♪ Y si esta con alguien ya no hay vuelta atrás ♪ ♪ Mejor estar sola ♪ ♪ Ya habrá otra persona que me erice la piel ♪ ♪ Y se lo va a perder ♪ ♪ Y no lo he vuelto a ver No sé adónde fue ♪ ♪ Díganle que jamás yo lo volví a llorar ♪ ♪ Alguien por favor le cuente la verdad ♪ ♪ Que ya tomé un remedio pa' mi corazón ♪ ♪ Yo no lo he vuelto a ver no sé adónde fue ♪ ♪ Díganle que jamás Me volví a lamentar ♪ ♪ Alguien por favor le cuente la verdad ♪ ♪ Que ya tomé un remedio pa' mi corazón ♪ ♪ Se pasan las horas, la cosa empeora ♪ ♪ Adiós bye bye aquí no hay vuelta atrás ♪ ♪ Mejor estar sola ♪ ♪ Ya habrá otra persona que me erice la piel ♪ ♪ Y se lo va perder y se lo va a perder ♪ ♪ El que se fue sin que lo boten no hace falta ♪ ♪ Ya del hospital de su amor me dieron de alta ♪ ♪ Tengo otra vida de su plano soy partícipe ♪ ♪ Besé un sapo pensando que era un príncipe ♪ ♪ Para mala compañía prefiero estar sola ♪ ♪ Soy una reina y su destino controla ♪ ♪ Quise que funcione tengo a Dios como testigo ♪ ♪ Mejor que siga su camino que yo tengo el mío ♪ ♪ Otra mejor que lo haga feliz ♪ ♪ Otra que se siente a esperarlo, otra ♪ ♪ Que ya en mi corazón no hay nada para darle ♪ ♪ Y no lo he vuelto a ver no sé adónde fue ♪ ♪ Díganle que jamás yo lo volví a llorar ♪ ♪ Alguien por favor le cuente la verdad ♪ ♪ Que ya tomé un remedio pa' mi corazón ♪ ♪ Y no lo he vuelto a ver no sé adónde fue ♪ ♪ Díganle que jamás me volví a lamentar ♪ ♪ Alguien por favor le cuente la verdad ♪ ♪ Que ya tomé un remedio pa' mi corazón ♪ ♪ Otra mejor que lo haga feliz ♪ ♪ Otra que se siente a esperarlo, otra ♪ ♪ Que ya en mi corazón ♪ ♪ No hay nada para darle ♪ ♪ No no ♪ ♪ Díganle ahora que su amor está en coma ♪ ♪ Y si esta con alguien ya no hay vuelta atrás ♪ ♪ Mejor estar sola ♪ ♪ Ya habrá otra persona que me erice la piel ♪ ♪ Y se lo va a perder ♪ ♪ Y se lo va a perder. ♪

“Where there’s a will there’s a way” is a famous proverb, meaning that if someone is determined enough to do something, they’ll find a way to accomplish it regardless of the obstacles. This is especially true as it pertains to drug cartels who will do just about anything to ensure their products get delivered to their clients in the U.S. So, what are some methods that are used to sneak drugs past border patrol? Well, let’s put it to you this way, if you can think it, odds are it has been attempted before. The U.S.-Mexican border has been increasing its security lately with the deployment of active duty troops, which reflect the budding militarization of the area. States that border with Mexico include California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. As of 2018, two thousand National Guard Personnel guard this line with roughly half of them in Texas and the other half spread out throughout California, Arizona and New Mexico. With so much protection, it can be difficult to envision cartels delivering drugs into the country successfully. So, how on Earth do they do it? Before we delve into all the creative methods that have been used to smuggle drugs, we thought we’d first examine some research to look at why drugs are a problem and the extent of its severity to better understand what we’re dealing with. A 2015 report from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration explained that drug overdoses were responsible for more deaths in the U.S. than car accidents or gunshots. Some deaths were due to prescription drugs, others by cocaine, and many from the use of heroin. In terms of opioid overdose, Ohio ranks supreme with the highest death toll in the U.S. About 5,000 people are said to die from opioid overdoses in Ohio each year. This state also has one of the largest female prison populations in the country with 35% of charges against women being drug related. Drugs are an extremely powerful substance and can control the mind like an unstoppable force. Experiments on rats in the 1970’s provided us with a lot of information on the issue. Scientists found that, when given the opportunity, rats would choose to consume heroin or cocaine relentlessly to the point of destroying their bodies and brains until death overcame them through overdose. It can be difficult to resist because drugs trigger the pleasure center part of the brain, which reinforce an organism to consume more of the substance. This explains why campaigns that preach the slogan, “just say no,” often prove to be ineffective at stopping drug use. Drugs can magically alter our moods and shift us from feeling depressed and lonely to being happy and optimistic. Thus, it can be difficult to “just say no” to a solution for your awful feeling. Not all drugs are bad and under the right circumstances, when monitored by a medical professional, they can be extraordinarily helpful for relieving the suffering of people who are experiencing very painful medical conditions. We spoke with some clinicians who explained that if there is a high rate of abuse or suspicion of drug abuse, this can often make doctors uneasy about prescribing certain prescription medications in fear of aiding the development of addiction. This can be extraordinarily difficult for people who truly need it for moderate to severe discomfort. Drugs in the wrong hands may also lead to seizures and higher rates of crime. According to aforeverrecovery.com, “a national survey shows that more than 32% of state prisoners and 26% of federal prisoners were using drugs when they committed their crimes.” Does this imply that drugs directly cause people to commit crimes? Of course not. But it may suggest there exists a correlational relationship between the two. It is not surprising that mind-altering substances can pose as an influential factor on the thought processes that lead to certain behavioral outcomes, such as with acts of criminality. For instance, if a drug makes you feel invulnerable, you may then believe that you can get away with anything. If you take a hallucinogen, on the other hand, you may experience hallucinations or delusions that cause you to lose your sense of reality, such as having voices in your head telling you what to do. So, now you might be wondering what types of drugs are smuggled into the U.S.? For this we examined the statistics of most commonly trafficked drugs into the US as well as the percentages of offenses per drug. Going in ascending order, statistics show that oxycodone consists of 4.6%, heroin has higher rates up to 9.8%, crack cocaine is set at 13.1%, and marijuana resides at 21.5%. Cocaine and methamphetamine consist of the most commonly smuggled drugs at roughly 24%. Although Mexico isn’t the only culprit, it is said to be the source of most forbidden drugs that enter the US. Now we turn to answer the question you’ve been patiently waiting for: how do they do it? When you see how heavily guarded the border crossing is, it might appear impossible. Yet, there are a multitude of creative and ingenious ways that drugs have attempted to get across. Our first examples relate to the use of smuggling drugs by air from the ground. This includes the use of catapults. Now, we can guess what you’re probably thinking right now. A catapult, really? In multiple instances, cartels were caught using giant catapults to hurl drugs over the border into the U.S. where someone would retrieve them on the other side of the fence. Catapults have been found on numerous occasions on the Arizona-Mexican border, flinging sacks filled with drugs roughly 328 feet. To put this into better perspective, that’s further than the height of London’s Big Ben clock tower if this iconic landmark were to be propped horizontally across a large stretch of land. Talk about jumping the fence! In some instances, t-shirt cannons were also used to shoot drugs over the border. This may be unsurprising when considering that this staple of sporting events has often been used to fire contraband into prison yards as well. Mexican authorities also found and seized a homemade bazooka that was being used to launch marijuana into the United States. NPR explained that this bazooka had been adapted specifically to use a compressor for shooting out drugs. Mexican officials seized some 1,800 pounds worth of marijuana that may have reached the U.S. by use of this bazooka. Finally, it may come to no surprise that drug smugglers would utilize the advent of drones. The Washington Examiner reported data showing that 15 drones had been spotted between Tijuana, Mexico and Southern California from late 2017 to 2018. These drones carried drugs attached to them while flying over the border. Drones are also often used to spy on border patrol agents with a camera from hundreds of feet above. Since federal law enforcement agents do not yet have any tools for detecting drones, they must mostly rely on their eyes and ears. Even if they do spot one, however, they cannot shoot it down with their guns without approval, which leaves them pretty helpless to do anything about it for the most part. Also, because a person flying a drone can operate it from a few hundred feet to a couple of miles away, he may be very tough to locate. For this reason, owners of drones have often been able to avoid capture by U.S. federal law enforcement. So, the next time your curiosity consumes you and you decide to use your drone to harmlessly spy on your neighbor’s newly installed backyard swimming pool, you might consider that you’re using a device that a drug smuggler would love to have his hands on. Your neighbor, however, probably won’t be too thrilled about it and you might overhear some yelling that sounds something sort of like, “darn you crazy kids!” We hope for their sake and yours that they’re not in the middle of skinny dipping when you do this. That could be a disturbing and embarrassing scene. So, we’ve discussed methods of drug smuggling by air. What about underground? In 1990, a tunnel was discovered, which ran 273 feet under the ground from a luxurious home in Agua Prieta, Mexico to a warehouse in Arizona. Oddly, this tunnel was equipped with electrical lighting, a drainage system and a trolley for transporting the drugs. An entire, fancy operation was being conducted beneath the surface and no one had any idea. What made it even more high-tech, according to insightcrime.org, was that it possessed a “hidden switch inside the luxury home that, when activated, boosted a pool table and concrete slab below it high into the air to open the way to a narrow shaft below.” We must admit, that sounds pretty cool. One of the biggest tunnels was discovered in April 2016. It ran half a mile from a house in Tijuana, Mexica to an industrial property in San Diego. It, also, was equipped with lighting, rails and a ventilation system. The tunnel was designed to transport huge amounts of drugs – we’re talking tons! This just goes to show how far people are willing to use their ingenuity when it comes to earning profit from dealing drugs. We suppose this is what you get when you combine drugs with too much spare time. Now let’s delve into some of the most insane ways that drugs have been attempted to smuggle into the US. From cargo boxes to the inside of cars, there are many imaginative and innovative methods people have utilized in the attempt to sneak drugs into the U.S. Often, religious items, relics or associations have been used by smugglers to appear innocent, wholesome, and to try to evade suspicion. This was the case in 2013 when three women from Colombia attempted to smuggle 4.4 pounds of cocaine that was strapped to their legs while they were dressed as nuns. Crossing the Mexican-United States border into Texas in 2008, an elderly woman was found driving with a 7-pound memento, a statue of Jesus. She probably thought that, being old in combination with possessing a religious item would make her appear like the epitome of virtue, but she underestimated the powerful smelling ability of canine noses. Drug sniffing dogs went crazy over the statue’s scent, but, initially, officials didn’t find any drugs inside of it. They later found that this was because the statue itself was the drug. It was molded out of plaster that had been mixed with cocaine. We’re not entirely sure how the receivers of the statue planned on taking the cocaine from it, but we suppose they would have thought of some way to do it. Still, if you find yourself putting forth a lot of effort to erode a Jesus statue for a hit, it’s possible that it may be time to reassess what you’re doing with your life. This occasion wasn’t the first time an elderly woman was used to cross the border with drugs. On August 8, 2018, an 81-year-old woman was also driving in her car when she was stopped by CBP agents. The dogs also smelled something suspicious radiating from her vehicle, a 2011 Chrysler 200. Upon investigation, agents discovered $870,000 worth of heroin stashed inside. Now, we don’t mean inside the car in plain view like on top of the seat. We mean literally inside the car, stuffed in its rocker panels. In case you don’t know a lot about the internal structure of cars, the rocker panel is located along the sides of the vehicle between the front and rear wheel, basically below the doors. You lift your feet over this each time you climb in and out of your car. A lot of people probably don’t normally consider using this part of their car to hide things so that’s pretty creative! In October of the same year, nine people were arrested when conspiring to sneak meth into Hawaii. The drugs were disguised as decorative artifacts, such as Aztec calendars and statues. Simple souvenirs? We think not. One of the wildest attempts to sneak across the border occurred on October 30, 2012 when a makeshift ramp was created to scale the 14-foot-tall border fence. A jeep presumably containing marijuana attempted to drive over this ramp into the United States from Mexico. The perpetrators’ plot was foiled, however, when the jeep got stuck at the top of the fence. It started teetering, which made the two intruders panic and flee back to Mexico. It’s comical to imagine the reactions on the faces of officials when they first arrived at the scene. They probably mumbled something to each other like, “Well, now I’ve seen everything.” Although our next examples did not occur at the U.S. border, we think these make for honorable mentions. We must use full disclosure though and warn you that these methods may be disturbing, and we wouldn’t recommend that you continue watching if you have a weak stomach or tend to get queasy easily. As we’ve discussed, people will use just about anything to smuggle drugs, including their own bodies. The best-known method for this is to ingest tightly wrapped balloons full of drugs and transport them in the stomach. This not only disgusting but dangerous. In 2015, a 24-year-old Brazilian man was on a flight to Dublin from Lisbon. Out of nowhere, he became fiercely agitated before collapsing to the floor. He was later found dead after one out of 80 pellets, holding nearly 2 pounds worth of cocaine, burst in his stomach. In December 2012, a Colombian woman flying to Berlin tried to smuggle drugs inside breast implants. She probably figured that she’d get away with it because airport officials wouldn’t dare ask to search her there in fear of being accused of sexual harassment. She could have gotten away with it if she didn’t start complaining of severe pain. The agony became too unbearable to endure any longer, which pushed her to admit that she was carrying 2.2 pounds of cocaine in her breasts and seek help. More recently in 2018, a Brazilian man wanted to transport 2.2 pounds of cocaine into Portugal. He did this by using padded swimming trunks. The drugs were stored inside a pair of fake butt cheeks, made of two cushion-like implants that were attached to his shorts. We suppose that, like the breast implant woman, he thought he could get away with pretending to have a huge rear end. If officials grew suspicious and asked to search him, he could simply act insulted and say something like, “no, I’m not carrying anything. That’s just my butt. Hands off please.” But the man did not fool anyone, and police quickly caught on to his scheme. What do you think of our picks for examples of drug smuggling? Is there anything we missed? Here with the Infographics Show, we’re always interested to learn about your opinion, so feel free to let us know in the comments! Also, be sure to check out our other video the Insane Way El Chapo Escaped Prison! Thanks for watching, and, as always, don’t forget to like, share, and subscribe. See you next time!

English: Flor Flor? Jazmin Well, we already have something in common You are beautiful flor You deserve someone who loves you- Who really loves you Where is that someone? Oh my God Is coming That person is coming, stay calm When you love something very much you make sacrifices When you like something very much Not always everything is super cute You're very good at giving advice I like to see you happy You do not have to be ashamed to be like yourself because Because you're beautiful, and you're very special. You are perfect I'm afraid to fall in love Fear is not a good ally of love Spanish: Flor Flor? Jazmin Bueno, ya tenemos algo en comun Sos hermosa flor Vos mereces alguien que te quiera Que te quiera de verdad Donde esta ese alguien? por dios Ya va a llegar Ya va a llegar, tranquila Cuando amas mucho algo Haces sacrificios Cuando te gusta mucho algo No siempre todo es super lindo Sos muy buena dando consejos Me gusta verte bien No tenes que tener vergüenza de ser como sos porque porque sos hermosa y sos muy especial Vos sos perfecta Tengo miedo de enamorarme El miedo no es un buen aliado del amor English: I hope I ever find a guy who loves me and understands me and take care of me as much as you It's about love and when you love someone you want to be for life with that person You saw that everyone is with someone less us, we are losers No, we are accompanied by Ourselves, you and me Why are you doing this? Because I love you, flor I want you to be happy, Flor, you know? If you are going to be happy, marry Dani I want you to marry Dani Don't mess with my relationship with Jazmin Because she loves me, you know? And she wants to see me fine And when I see you I feel much better You're beautiful You always make me feel beautiful Spanish: Ojala alguna vez encuentre un tipo que me quiera y me entienda Y me cuide tanto como vos Se trata de amor Y cuando uno ama a alguien Quiere estar para toda la vida con esa persona Viste que esta todo el mundo acompañado Menos nosotras, que loser No, nosotras estamos acompañadas por Nosotras mismas, vos y yo Porque haces esto? Y porque te quiero flor Yo quiero que seas feliz Flor, sabes? Si vos, vas a ser feliz, casandote con dani Yo quiero que te cases con dani No te metas viste, en mi relacion con Jazmin Porque ella a mi me quiere, sabias? Y me quiere bien Y cuando te veo a vos me siento mucho mejor Vos sos hermosa Vos me haces siempre sentir re linda Spanish: Yo me doy cuenta cuando dos personas estan enamoradas Como flor y jazmin Me diste vuelta la vida Necesito que me expliques como es Como es el amor? Es amor? Porque no quiero que nadie nos separe Jaz Nadie nos va a separar. English: I realize when two people are in love Like Flor and Jazmin You changed my life I need you to explain to me how it is How is love? Is love? Because I do not want anyone to separate us Jaz Nobody will separate us. ♪ You taught me the courage of stars before you left ♪ ♪ How light carries on endlessly, even after death ♪ English: ♪ With shortness of breath, you explained the infinite ♪ ♪ How rare and beautiful it is to even exist ♪ ♪ I couldn’t help but ask ♪ ♪ For you to say it all again ♪ ♪ I tried to write it down ♪ ♪ But I could never find a pen ♪ ♪ I’d give anything to hear ♪ ♪ You say it one more time ♪ ♪ That the universe was made ♪ ♪ Just to be seen by my eyes ♪ ♪ I couldn’t help but ask ♪ ♪ For you to say it all again ♪ ♪ I tried to write it down ♪ ♪ But I could never find a pen ♪ ♪ I’d give anything to hear ♪ Spanish: Porque me gustas boluda Ya esta, o sea somos amigas, no creemos falsas expectativas si? Vos tambien me gustas mucho. English: ♪ You say it one more time ♪ ♪ That the universe was made ♪ Because I like you ♪ Just to be seen by my eyes ♪ ♪ With shortness of breath ♪ ♪ I’ll explain the infinite ♪ ♪ How rare and beautiful ♪ ♪ it truly is that we exist ♪ Look, we're friends, let's not give false expectations ok? I like you a lot, too.

Portuguese: Sentido da vida A resposta não é 42, e você não precisa de sandálias ou uma barba para entender Existem 4 coisas que tornam a vida significativa Primeiramente Ajudar os outros A vida com menos sentido Seria ter que ser rolar uma pedra por uma montanha repetidamente Porque o que torna a vida significativa É fazer algo útil para os outros Nós frequentemente pensamos que a melhor coisa é ser servido Mas isso não é nada perto da alegria de servir os outros Consertando seus corações, ensinando-os a trigonometria, os botando para gofar O sentido da vida.. É servir É também fazer algo melhor do que normalmente somos Somos todos um pouco bagunçados Ansiosos, furiosos, esquecidos Então existe sentido em criar algo superior O conjunto de trens que é mais organizado que nós mesmos O jardim que é mais bonito de um jeito que não somos sempre O livro que diz o que normalmente não conseguimos Descobrir como as coisas funcionam também é significativo Gravidade, uma língua estrangeira, código de computador E o melhor de tudo.. Quem somos nós, o que nos guia e onde devemos mirar O último significado vem das conexões que fazemos com os outros O oposto de conversa superficial É quando você mostra as assustadoras partes vulneráveis partes de si mesmo O melhor jeito de começar uma conversa significativa Apenas pergunte.. Do que você realmente tem medo? Vietnamese: Không phải là 42 và bạn không cần dép và râu để hiểu được rằng có 4 điều làm cuộc trở nên ý nghĩa Đầu tiên, giúp đỡ mọi người Điều vô nghĩa nhất của cuộc sống là phải lăn một hòn đá lên núi nhiều lần Bởi vì điều làm cuộc sống có ý nghĩa là làm những điều có ích cho người khác Chúng ta thường nghĩ rằng điều tốt nhất là được phục vụ Nhưng điều đó trở nên vô nghĩa khi ở cạnh niềm vui của việc được phục vụ người khác Sửa chữa trái tim họ Dạy họ toán lượng giác Giúp họ ợ được Ý nghĩa cuộc sống là phục vụ Cũng thật ý nghĩa khi tạo ra điều gì đó tốt đẹp hơn bản thân chúng ta Chúng ta đều một chút bừa bãi, lo âu, giận dữ, hay quên vậy nên có sự ý nghĩa ở việc tạo ra điều gì đó vượt trội Hệ thống tàu trật tự hơn chúng ta Khu vườn luôn đẹp theo cách mà chúng ta không có được Quyển sách nói lên những điều chúng ta không thể nói Hiểu ra mọi thứ hoạt động cũng rất có ý nghĩa Trọng lực, một ngoại ngữ, mã máy tính và hơn tất cả, con người chúng ta điều gì khiến chúng ta hành động và điều gì chúng ta nên hướng đến Cuối cùng, ý nghĩa cuộc sống đến từ sự kết nối với mọi người Điều trái ngược với cuộc nói chuyện hời hợt là khi bạn nói ra những điều làm bạn tổn thương hay sợ cho người khác Cách tốt nhất để bắt đầu một cuộc nói chuyện đầy ý nghĩa chỉ cần hỏi, "Điều gì làm bạn thật sự sợ hãi?" German: Es ist nicht 42 und du brauchst keine Sandalen und Bart um zu verstehen, dass es vier Dinge gibt, die das Leben bedeutungsvoll machen. Erstens: anderen zu helfen. Das bedeutungsloseste Leben wäre, immer wieder einen Felsbrocken den Berg hochrollen zu müssen. Denn was das Leben bedeutsam macht, ist es, Dinge für andere zu tun. Wir denken oft, dass es das Schönste ist, versorgt zu werden. Aber das ist nichts gegen die Freude, andere zu versorgen. Ihr Herz zu heilen. Ihnen Trigonometrie beizubringen. Ihnen beim Aufstoßen zu helfen. Der Sinn des Lebens ist es, zu dienen. Der Sinn liegt auch darin, etwas zu erschaffen, das besser ist als wir es normalerweise sind. Wir sind alle etwas chaotisch, ängstlich, wütend, vergesslich; daher ist es erfüllend, etwas besseres zu erschaffen. Die Modelleisenbahn, die weniger chaotisch ist als wir selbst. Der Garten, der auf eine Art schöner ist, als wir. Das Buch, das sagt, was wir normalerweise nicht sagen können. Herauszufinden, wie Dinge funktionieren ist auch bedeutungsvoll. Schwerkraft, eine Fremdsprache, Computer Code und am allerbesten, wer wir sind. Was uns antreibt, welche Ziele wir uns setzen sollten. Zuletzt entsteht Bedeutung aus der Beziehung zu Anderen. Das Gegenteil von oberflächlichem Geplauder ist, wenn du jemandem deine verletzliche, ängstliche Seite zeigst. Die beste Art ein bedeutungsvolles Gespräch zu starten ist zu fragen, "Wovor hast du wirklich Angst?" Italian: Il senso della vita Non è 42, e non hai bisogno di barba e sandali per capire che quattro cose danno senso alla vita. Primo: aiutare il prossimo. Non c'è vita più insensata che far rotolare un masso tra le montagne all'infinito, senza uno scopo. Perché ciò che dà senso alla vita è l'essere utili...per gli altri. Spesso pensiamo che essere serviti e riveriti sia fantastico in realtà non è niente in confronto alla gioia che si prova nel "servire" il prossimo: curargli il cuore, insegnargli la trigonometria, aiutarli a fare il ruttino. Il senso della vita è "servire". È anche creare qualcosa di meglio rispetto a ciò che siamo normalmente. Siamo tutti un po' incasinati: ansiosi, furiosi, rammaricati. Perciò ha senso creare qualcosa di "superiore", come i treni - meglio organizzati di noi stessi, un giardino - che è bello come noi (a volte) non siamo, un libro - che dice ciò che noi normalmente non possiamo dire. Anche scoprire come funzionano le cose dà senso alla vita: la legge di gravità, una lingua straniera, programmare al PC o ancora meglio: chi siamo, cosa ci rende motivati e a cosa dovremmo aspirare. Infine il senso della vita viene dai rapporti con le altre persone: l'opposto di far due chiacchere superficiali, è mostrare ad un'altra persona le tue parti più vulnerabili. Il miglior modo per avere una conversazione profonda con qualcuno è chiedergli quali sono le sue peggiori paure. Chinese: 現在不是西元42年的羅馬帝國，不需要穿著行軍靴或留著長鬍子，才能了解關於人生的四個意義 首先，幫助別人 最有意義的人生，是重複滾動山上的巨大石頭 因為幫助他人做些有用的事情，會帶來有意義的人生 我們經常認為接受幫助是最愉快的經驗 但其實提供幫助才是 治療心臟 教三角函数 幫助孩子打嗝 從軍也有意義 或是讓某些事物比平常的狀況更好 我們都有一點點混亂、焦慮、憤怒、健忘 讓事情改善是有意義的 火車比過去更有規律 花園比以往都更漂亮 書本上常常描述我們無法做到的事情 能找到合適自己的工作也很有意義 萬有引力、外語、電腦程式 當然最棒的是知道我是誰 動機是什麼 我們該有什麼目標 最後，意義也來自與他人的連結 相對於膚淺的對話，當你能對他人展現脆弱或疤痕 開啟一個有意義的對話，最好的方式是問： 「你真正害怕什麼？」 English: It isn't 42 and you don't need sandals and beard to understand that there are 4 things that make life meaningful Firstly, helping others The most meaningless life would be to have to roll a boulder up a mountain repeatedly Because what makes life meaningful is doing something useful for other people We often think that the nicest thing is to be served But that is nothing next to the joy of serving others Fixing their heart Teaching them trigonometry Helping them to burp The meaning of life is service It's also to make something that's better than we normally are We're all a bit of a mess, anxious, furious, forgetful so there's meaning in creating something superior The train set that's more organized than we are The garden that's pretty in a way we aren't always The book that says what we normally can't Finding out our stuffs work is also meaningful Gravity, a foreign language, computer code and best of all, who we are what drives us, and what we should aim for Lastly, meaning comes from connections with others The opposite of superficial chat is when you show the vulnerable, scared parts of you to another person The best way to kick-start a meaningful conversation just ask, "What are you really afraid of?" Korean: 삶을 의미있게 하는 네가지를 이해하기 위해 42세가 되거나, 샌들과 턱수염이 필요하지는 않다. 첫째, 다른 사람들을 돕는다. 가장 무의미한 인생은 반복적으로 산에서 바위를 굴려야 할 것이다. 왜냐하면 인생을 의미하는 것은 다른 사람들에게 유용한 무언가를 하는 것이기 때문이다. 우리는 종종 가장 좋은 것이 제공되어야 한다고 생각한다. 그러나 그것은 다른 사람들을 섬기는 기쁨 옆에 있는 것이 아니다. 마음을 움직이는 것 그들에게 삼각 측량을 가르치다. 그들이 트림하는 것을 돕는다 인생의 의미는 봉사이다. 우리가 평소보다 더 잘하는 것을 만들어 내는 것이기도 합니다. 우리 모두는 약간 혼란스럽고, 짜증 나고, 분노하고, 잊어 버린다. 그래서 뭔가 우월한 걸 창조하려는 의미가 있어요 기차가 우리보다 훨씬 더 조직적이다. 우리가 항상 그렇지 않지만 정원은 어느정도 아름답다. 우리가 평소에 할 수 없는 것을 말하는 그 책 우리의 물건을 찾는 것 또한 의미 있는 일이다. 중력, 외국어, 컴퓨터 코드 그리고 무엇보다도 우리가 누군인지 무엇이 우리를 움직이게 하는가? 그리고 우리가 목표로 삼아야 할 것은 마지막으로, 의미는 다른 사람과의 관계에서 비롯된다. 피상적인 잡담의 반대는 당신이 연약하고 두려운 부분을 다른 사람에게 보여 줄 때이다. 의미 있는 대화를 시작할 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법은 "무엇을 두려워하는가?"라고 묻는 것입니다. Spanish: El significado de la vida La respuesta no es 42, y no necesitas ser filósofo para saberlo. Hay cuatro cosas que le dan sentido a la vida. En primer lugar: Ayudar a los demás. Una vida sin sentido sería tener que rodar una roca en una montaña repetidamente, porque lo que le da sentido a la vida es hacer algo útil para los demás. A menudo pensamos que lo mejor es ser servido, pero eso no es nada comparado con la alegría de servir a otros: curar enfermedades, enseñar trigonometría, ayudarlos a eructar. El sentido de la vida es servir. También es hacer algo mejor de lo que normalmente somos. Todos somos un poco desordenados, inquietos, coléricos, olvidadizos, por lo tanto tiene sentido crear algo superior: el juego de trenes que es más organizado que nosotros, el jardín que es bonito de formas que nosotros no, el libro que dice lo que nosotros no podemos. Conocer cómo funcionan las cosas también es significativo: la gravedad, un nuevo idioma, programar computadoras. Y lo mejor de todo: quiénes somos, qué nos alienta, y cuál es nuestra meta. Finalmente, el sentido nace de nuestra conexión con los demás: lo opuesto de una conversación superficial es cuando te muestras vulnerable ante otra persona. La mejor manera de empezar una conversación significativa es preguntar: "¿Cuáles son tus temores?" Arabic: "معنى الحيَاة" إنها ليست ٤٢ ولا تحتاج إلى صنادل ولحية لتفهم أن هناك أربعة أشياء تجعل الحياة ذات معنى. أولها: مساعدة الآخرين. إن أكثر شيء يجعل الحياة بلا معنى هو حمل صخرة إلى قمة جبل مرارًا وتكرارًا لأن ما يجعل الحياة ذات معنى، هو فعلُ شيء مفيد للآخرين. فنحن غالبًا ما نعتقد أن ألطف شيءِِ هو أن نكون مخدومين. لكن لا يوجد شيءٌ يُقارن بمتعة وجمال خدمة الآخرين كمعالجة قلوبهم. وتعليمهم حساب المثلثات. ومساعدتهم على التَجَشُّؤ. إنّ المعنى الحقيقي للحياة هو الخدمة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك فعل شيء أفضل مما نفعله عادةً. فجميعنا خليطٌ من الفوضى والقلق والغضب والنسيان لذا فهنالك معنى لصنع شيء أسمى. إن لعبة القطار أكثر تنظيمًا منا. ونحن لسنا دائمًا جميلين كجمال الحديقة. وتقول الكتب ما لا نستطيع قوله. واكتشاف كيفية سيرالأمور له معنىً كذلك: الجاذبية ولغة أجنبية وشفرات الحاسوب وأفضل من هذا كله، معرفة من نحن؟ وما الذي يدفعنا وما الذي نطمح إليه؟ وأخيرًا يأتي معنى الحياة من التواصل مع الآخرين. إن خلاف المحادثة السطحية هو حينما تظهر ضعفك وخوفك لشخص آخر. والطريقة المثلى لبدء محاثة قيمة فقط طرح هذا السؤال "ما الذي تخشاه حقًا؟" Turkish: Hayatın anlamı 42 değil ve hayatı anlamlı kılan 4 şeyi anlamak için sakala ve sandaletlere ihtiyacınız yok. Birincisi, başkalarına yardım etmek En anlamsız hayat bir dağın üzerinden koca bir kayayı tekrar tekrar yuvarlamaya çalışmak olurdu. Çünkü hayatı asıl anlamlı yapan şey başkaları için yararlı bir şeyler yapmaktır Genelde biz en iyi şeyin bize hizmet edilmesi olduğunu düşünürüz Fakat bu başkalarına yardım etmenin verdiği zevkin yanında neredeyse hiç bir şey sayılmaz Kalplerini iyileştirmek Trigonometri öğretmek Geğirmelerinde yardım etmek Hayatın anlamı yardım etmek Bu ayrıca normalde olduğumuzdan daha iyi bir şey yaratmamızı sağlar Hepimiz dağınık bir haldeyiz, tedirginiz, sinirliyiz, unutkanız bu yüzden kendimizden üstün bir şey yaratmakta farklı bir anlam var. Kendimizden daha organize bir tren setini kurmak Her zaman olamadığımız kadar hoş bir bahçeyi yapmak. Normalde konuşamadıklarımızı konuşan bir kitabı yazmak Birşeylerin nasıl çalıştığını bulmakta anlamlıdır. Yerçekimi, yabancı bir dil, bilgisayar kodu ve hepsinden önemli kim olduğumuz bizi harekete geçiren şey amaçlamamız gereken şey Son olarak anlam başkaları ile kurduğumuz bağlardan gelir. Yüzeysel bir sohbetin zıddı, başka bir insana kırılgan ve korkmuş yanlarımızı göstermektir. Anlamlı bir sohbeti başlatmanın en iyi yolu sadece "Gerçekten en çok neden korkarsın?" diye sormaktır. French: Ce n'est pas 42 et vous n'avez pas besoin, de sandales et de barbe, pour comprendre qu'il y a 4 choses qui rend la vie significative Tout d'abord, aider les autres La vie, la plus vide de sens serait, de faire rouler un rocher en haut d'une montagne à plusieurs reprises parce que ce qui rend la vie significative, c'est lorsque l'on fait quelque chose d'utile pour les autres Nous pensons souvent que la chose la plus agréable c'est d'être servie, mais ce n'est rien à côté de la joie de servir les autres Réparer leur cœur Leur enseigner la trigonométrie Les aider pour roter Le but de la vie, est le service C'est aussi de faire quelque chose de mieux qu'à notre habitude. Nous sommes tous un peu anxieux, furieux, distraits alors, il a dans la création quelque chose de supérieur Le train électrique est plus organisé que nous le sommes Le jardin c'est joli, d'une façon que nous ne sommes pas toujours Le livre qui dit ce que nous ne pouvons pas normalement faire La découverte de notre travail est aussi significative La gravité, une langue étrangère, code d'ordinateur et le meilleur de tout, qui nous sommes ce qui nous conduit et ce que nous devrions viser Finalement, la signification vient des connections avec les autres le contraire de la conversation superficiel c'est quand vous montrez des parties vulnérable, qui vous font peur à une autre personne La meilleur façon de commencer une conversation qui a du sens et juste de demander, "De quoi avez vous vraiment peur?" Slovak: Nie je nim číslo 42 a nepotrebujete sandále a bradu na to, aby ste pochopili, že životu dávajú zmysel 4 veci. Po prvé pomoc druhým. Najnezmyselnejší život by bol ten, v ktorom by ste museli opakovane tlačiť balvan hore kopcom. Životu totiž dáva zmysel užitočná práca pre iných. Často si myslíme, že najlepšie je, keď nás obsluhujú, ale nič sa nevyrovná potešeniu z toho, keď obsluhujete iných, liečite ich srdcia, učíte ich trigonometriu, pomáhate im grgnúť si. Zmyslom života je služba. Zmyslom je aj urobiť niečo, čo nás prevýši takých, akí bežne sme. Všetci sme trochu popletení, bojazliví, zúriví, zábudliví, preto má zmysel vytvoriť niečo dokonalejšie: vlakovú súpravu, ktorá je usporiadanejšia než my, záhradu, ktorej kráse sa nie vždy vyrovnáme, knihu, ktorá vyjadrí to, čo my nedokážeme Objaviť zákonitosti vecí má tiež zmysel, gravitácia, cudzí jazyk, počítačový kód a najmä, kto sme, čo nás poháňa a na čo by sme sa mali zamerať. Napokon, zmysel dáva kontakt s ostatnými. Opakom povrchného pokecu je to, keď inej osobe odhalíme zraniteľnú, ustráchanú časť seba. Najlepší spôsob, ako odštartovať zmysluplnú konverzáciu je spýtať sa: "Čoho sa v skutočnosti bojíš?" Italian: Ed è questo, il senso della vita. Turkish: Evet, hayatın anlamı bu French: Alors c'est, la signification de la vie Slovak: To je teda zmysel života. Korean: 그게 바로 삶의 의미입니다. Chinese: 這就是人生的意義 Vietnamese: Và đó là ý nghĩa của cuộc sống English: So that's the meaning of life Portuguese: Então esses são os sentidos da vida German: Das ist also der Sinn des Lebens. Spanish: Ese es el sentido de la vida. SUSCRÍBETE Arabic: هذا هو معنى الحياة. ترجمة فريق أُترجم autrjim@

Ola a todos sou o Chef Marco estou de volta a Inglaterra Hoje vamos começar uma serie nova Vai ser sobre massa Decidi fazer uma serie so sobre pasta porque... Com a massa podemos fazer muitas coisas diferentes Existem tantos prontos diferentes que podemos fazer Que dicidi fazer uma serie so sobre massa O video de hoje sera um bocado diferente porque nao vou cozinhar nada Vou so ensinar a fazer massa fresca E vou mostrar todos os utensilios que precisamos para realizar a massa fresca Vou explicar 1 a 1 todos os utensilios Podemos fazer a massa se, algum destes utensílios Eles vao fazer a sua vida mais fácil E o resultado final sera melhor Mas podem sempre fazer sem eles e eu vou explicar cada vez que usar vou explicar como fazer sem eles E estes são os utensílios que vamos precisar... Este e a maquina de esticar a massa Podem fazer a massa sem ele podem usar um rolo da massa Mas para alguns tipos de massa vamos precisar da maquina Se quiserem fazer um ravioli E impossível esticar so com o rolo da massa Porque para os raviolis a massa tem de estar muito fininha Por isso vao precisar da maquina Estes sao para cortar raviolis Tenho diferentes tamanhos para diferente tipo de raviolis Este serve para cortar a massa Vai ajudar a cortar a massa quando esticada Este e um bocado esquisito mas e onde vamos secar a nossa massa, espaguete ou linguini Vou usar para secar a massa ajuda o ar a circular a volta o que para com que a massa seque mais rápido Para a massa vamos usar farinha Ovos azeite virgem e sal Vou deixar a receita na descrição em baixo para poderem ver as quantidades vamos so precisar de um garfo vamos começar por fazer um buraco na farinha Vou adicionar os ovos sal E o azeite Quando tiverem tudo no meio vamos começar a bater os ovos vamos adicionar a farinha aos poucos Esta pronto Vamos deixar descansar no frigorifico por 5 a 10 minutos E vai estar pronta a esticar A massa ja descansou vou so usar metade Agora vou fazer linguini vou cortar a meio vou começar com o rolo da massa Para facilitar Precisam de esticar um bocado antes de ir para a maquina polvilhem farinha no rolo da massa Para esticarem a massa vao precisar de trabalhar com alguma farinha para nao colar Mas nao podem adicionar farinha a mais caso contrario a farinha vai secar a massa adicionem so que chegue para nao colar mas sem expessura Adicionem um bocado na maquina também Vamos começar no numero 1 Que e o mais grosso E vamos avançar ate estarmos contentes com a grossora acho que vou ir ate ao numero 4 ou 5 Sempre que passar pela maquina passem a massa por farinha e avancem para o proximo numero A massa esta pronto estiquei ate ao numero 7 Vamos cortar com o comprimento que desejamos A minha maquina tem a função de cortar também Se nao tiverem nao se preocupem vou mostrar como cortar com uma faca Para a maioria vou usar a maquina porque e mais fácil Agora vou cortar com a faca Farinha na tábua Para nada colar Vamos enrolar a massa adicionem mais farinha Agora vamos usar isto para secar a massa Vamos tentar por amassa toda certinha E agora perguntam Marco como e que faço a massa sem essa coisa esquisita Facil Com uma vassoura Aqui esta a nossa massa Vai secar por 1 hora e esta pronta aqui esta o meu estendal de massa Agora no proximo video Vou cozinhar uma carbonara Para mim e uma das mais fáceis e simples receitas Mas e uma das mais deliciosas Por isso fiquem atentos Nao se esquema de subscrever o canal Deixem um gosto comentem O meu nome e Marco e sou o seu chefe privado

Again l say to you, the kingdom shall be taken from you and given to another. For many are called, but few are chosen. Now l'm all the more convinced. ''The kingdom will be taken from you,'' He said, ''and given to another.'' Given to the few, who are chosen. Were we few not chosen on the shores of Galilee? The weight of it all. This very temple will be His palace. Friends, do you see these walls? Yes, Master. We know what you're about to say . The day is coming when they shall fall. And there shall not be one stone left upon another . lt doesn't make sense. He rises to power , then the temple is destroyed? That can't be what He meant. There shall not be one stone left upon another. Those were His words. lt must be a parable, or a saying that means something else. Well, maybe a new temple will be built in place of the old one. Maybe there will be a battle, and we'll have to fight those Romans after all. Come, let's ask the Master . Friends, be not deceived concerning the coming day of my power. We are not deceived, Lord. We know you've come to rule over lsrael. Over the whole world. Again, l say unto you, be not deceived, For before that day many shall come in my name saying, ''l am Christ.'' And they shall deceive many. And when ye shall hear of wars, and rumors of wars, be not troubled for such things must need be. But the end shall not be yet for nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. And there shall be earthquakes in many places. And there shall be famines and pestilence. These are the beginning of sorrows. But in those days after that tribulation, the sun shall be darkened. And the moon shall not give her light. And the stars of heaven shall fall. And the powers that are in the heavens shall be shaken. Lord, when shall all this be? No man knows that day. Not even the Son of Man. Watch therefore, for you know not what hour your Lord will come. Hear this parable: For the Kingdom of Heaven is like a man preparing to travel to a distant country, who called his servants and entrusted his property to them. Quick. Quick, quick, quick. The master is setting sail tomorrow. Where to? l don't know. He just turned to me, and right out of the blue, he said, ''We're leaving in the morning on a loooonng journey.'' That's how he said it. ''Looonng journey.'' He didn't say when you would be coming back? All he said was, ''Looonng journey.'' l get seasick. l hate looonng journeys. l'm sick for a looonng time. He's leaving. How do you like that? Oh, no! Now l've got to find a new job. No. No, no, no, no. He wants each of you to stay on. You mean, l have a job working for someone who's never going to be around? Ha ha ha. Now, that is good news. Don't get too comfortable. There's supplies to load. This is a looonng journey. l'm not working through the night. He expects too much. Tell the master everything will be ready in the morning. Ah, thank you, Arad, Tola. Mmm! Good morning, Arad. Good morning, Tola. Where is -- Sorry, master. l'm -- l'm not feeling well. l'm sorry to hear that, Hod. There's something l'd like you three to care for while l'm gone. l'm entrusting you with these precious coins. You may do with them as you wish, but when l return there will be an accounting. See that they multiply. Thank you, Master. l divided these coins according to your different experience and abilities. Hod, l would expect much more from Arad and Tola when l return than l will from you. They have received more. But if you are a good steward over this one silver coin, your reward will be the same as theirs. l promise you. All l expect is for you to do your best. Each one of you is very special to me. l will miss you all. Look, Hod, l'll be happy to help you if you want. Me, too. Oh, no, l know the master too well. l'm not risking this coin. No, sir. ln fact, l'm going to bury it, right now. When master comes back, l'll dig it up and he can have his coin. He's making a big mistake. The best way to persuade him is to show him how to make these coins grow . Dear God in Heaven, l need your help making these coins grow. Give me the wisdom to know -- -- to know the best way for me to use these coins, so l can give a good accounting when the master returns. Amen. Pardon. Can you show me the shortest way to the valley? Beyond the lake? lt's this way. Ten days by foot. Ten days? But -- but l can see it from here. Ha, ha -- that's true, but the lake is very long. Ahh. No one lives in that valley, you know. Oh, l know. But the Emperor got this big idea, and says he wants people to live there now . So he sent all of us. All of who? Two hundred families, all coming this way. Two hundred families? Oh, it's a prime piece of land, that's for sure. Of course, l can't sell it cheap. Well, there's a few hard spots here and there; that's -- that's good for a house, you know . A nice, firm foundation -- ah -- But l'm going to plant wheat. Wheat? Wheat -- as -- as in wheat - wheat? Wheat that -- that grows in the ground wheat? Oh, l've met some crazy men in my life, but you are -- Well, ah -- definitely not one of them. Sold. Guess l'll go feed the horses. Then -- ah, take another nap. Oh, no! How come Arad and Tola didn't fix this? lf they think l'm going to do everything while they're off multiplying their coins, they got another thing coming. l'm take'n the day off. Hod. Zadoc? Haven't seen you ever since you got that a -- What do they call it? Ajob? Yeah, but you're going to be seeing a lot more of me from now on. Ha! You got fired again, huh? The master's gone on a long journey. Well, then, what are we waiting for? Come on! Let's go have some fun. Exactly what l was thinking. E... you're buying right? 'Cause l'm kinda broke right now. Did you haul water to the house? Yeah. You stack the firewood? Uh-huh. And you cleaned out the stables, right? Yep. lt looks like we're done. Good night. Ha, ha, ha. They're going to do it all. Ha, ha, ha, ha. Keep chopping friend. Yah, ha, ha. Whoohoo! Oh, no! Ha, ha, ha -- ho, ho, ho -- hee, hee -- Arad. Hey, Arad. Hod. Look at him. Heh, heh -- Excuse me, sir. May l help you? l - come to you on behalf of many widowed women. Could we follow behind you and gather the wheat you miss, to feed our children? How many children are there? Forty, or so. Wait! The rest of this field belongs to you and the other widows. All of it? lt takes a lot to feed forty children. But you must make a living, too. There's still time to plant again before the end of harvest. l'll be fine. Oh, thank you. Thank you! Ready! Go! [glug, glug] Just the man l was looking for. Two hundred families are moving to the valley beyond the lake. Every one of them will pay to be ferried across the lake rather than walk around it. lf you help me, you could double that one coin of yours in no time. As Hod's friend, l -- l'm not talking to you. And you're the furthest thing from a friend l could possibly imagine. Why do you and Arad keep coming here? l'm not going to risk losing that coin. But the master -- The master expects too much. This is the finest wheat l've ever seen. How much to buy back my field? Sorry. Not for sale. But you can have all of my wheat for ten coins and still make a good profit. Sold! That's all l can pay. Oh, l -- l'm grateful. lf two hundred farmers pay the same, l'll have two hundred chickens to sell. The master, he's come home. What? Oh, oh. Hello, Arad. Welcome home, master. How have you done with my five coins? l have gained five more. Well done. And because you've been faithful over these few things, l will make you ruler over many. Thank you, master. And you, Tola? You gave me two, master , and now l'm returning four. Well done, Tola. You, too, shall be made a ruler over many things. Your reward will be just as great as Arad's. Hod? Master, l -- l was afraid. l knew that no matter what l did with it, you'd never be satisfied, so l buried it. Here! At least l didn't lose it. Oh, Hod. Couldn't you have at least given it to the banker so l could have interest on it? You see. You're never satisfied. You expect too much. l only expected you to do your best. lf you had, your reward would have been no different than the others. l promised you that. Here, give this to Arad. l'm sorry Hod, you can no longer live and work here. l am sorry. He who hath ears to hear, let him hear. Then shall the Kingdom of Heaven be likened unto ten maidens, five of them were wise, and five were foolish. So what, Leah. So we forgot oil for our lamps. lt doesn't matter! l don't know why you made us bring them anyhow. We don't need them in the broad daylight! l told you, sometimes the bridegroom doesn't arrive until very late. ''Sometimes.'' You worry too much, Leah. lt'll be all right. We'll leave for the wedding at sundown. Sundown? That's a bit late, isn't it? l want to make sure that everyone has a chance to get there. Well, you needn't worry about that, Judah. The entire city is waiting to accompany you to the wedding. Do you think we could have missed him? How could we have? We've been here all day. l don't know about you, but l'm getting some rest! Wake us up when he arrives, Leah. Master Judah arrives! Master Judah arrives! Fall in line for the wedding party! Master Judah arrives! Fall in line for the wedding party! Master Judah arrives... Look! He's here! Fall in line for the wedding party! Fall in line! Master Judah arrives! Master Judah arrives... Fall in line for the wedding party... Master Judah arrives! Master Judah arrives! Fall in line for the wedding party! Fall in line for the wedding party! Master Judah arrives! Master Judah arrives! Fall in line for the wedding party! Master Judah arrives! Master... Judah arrives... Master... Judah... arrives Fall in line for the wedding party. Master Judah arrives. Fall in line for the wedding party. Oh, we've been around this part of the city several times, Judah, sir. Are you sure everyone's had a chance to hear? l should think so! l... l don't want to leave anyone behind. Master Judah arrives! Oh, no, no, no, no, no! We've given ample warning. Alright, then. Now on to the wedding. Master Judah arrives! Fall in line for the wedding party! Master Judah arrives! He's arrived! Quick, the wedding party is passing! Wait! Wait for us! Come here! Give us some of your oil! We can't see! But, then we'll all run out. Leah, hurry up! Come here! l'm sorry, Simone. l want to help you, but... but if we don't leave now, we'll all miss the wedding. We'll knock on these doors! Try to buy some! Hurry! Let us begin. Oh God, we come before thee... Judah... Judah! Who calls? Your friends! Your friends?! Do l know you? Hold up your lamps so l can see your faces. Well, we have no oil. Our light has gone out. lf you are my friends, why didn't you come when l called? Come Judah, it's time to begin. l'm... l'm sorry, l know you not. Watch therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of Man cometh.

I'm Daniel Sullivan the founder and head instructor of worrier Arts Alliance also the founder and head instructor at OC kickboxing and mixed martial arts in Irvine California I've been involved with the combat of martial arts since 1985 was fortunate enough to meet Diana Lee Inosanto and a college class and the time I was doing Taekwondo didn't know anything about the Filipino martial arts Jeet Kun Do or Muay thai in that you know I don't like heard of karate kung-fu and those sort of you know typical martial arts yes I met her in a college class and that fateful day pretty much forever changed my life she introduced me to her dad Dan Lee Inosanto and he introduced me to several different martial arts the Filipino martial arts, Jeet Kun Do, Muay Thai, Silat, Jiu Jitsu, Shooto he's pretty much impossible although the most combat martial arts in the world you know he's a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and he's played the man in my opinion that's done more research into the martial arts than anyone else in the world hands down there was only one that has even a quarter of the knowledge of him that I know of I always challenged people tell me someone who's got more knowledge in the martial arts than Dan Lee Inosanto I know and I i never hear a single come back so not so since 1985 I tried to follow the same path that Dan Inosanto and his best friend meant or bruce Lee we're on you know back in the sixties and early seventies basically they basically they were researching every martial art in the world to try to find you know one of the best parts you know the real world for a real street fight basically it's MMA for the real world you know you have MMA for competition of MMA for combat and the to a little bit different you know because MMA for combat includes all of the competition arts Muay Thai Brazilian jiu-jitsu and wrestling and boxing all the mainstream stuff but you know we cross train and Filipino martial arts you know if Muay Thai is the King of the Ring Filipino martial arts is the king of the streets why because almost every fight is going to involve a weapon fights will always involve a weapon especially here in Bangkok right now Southeast Asia people you know carry edged weapons it's it's accessible everyone has one you know the other thing the other difference major difference between the Combat Arts and the competition arts is that fights are never one-on-one let's be honest people travel in packs looking for trouble you know so you know we've all heard the sales sales pitch that all fights go to the ground and well you know it's true a lot of flights to go to the gun but in reality that's the last place you want to be in a real fight because it's never one on one it doesn't matter how good you are on the ground you can have beginning of submission you can be in the top position you can be ground and pounding but when the second guy comes along you're in bad trouble because I need your head Shin kick your head he's going to soccer kick you teeth in ya so you know so you know not to take away from Brazilian jiu-jitsu cause I'ma blackballed I believe Brazilian jiu-jitsu is the king of them at once you get to the floor ugh he's the best however you know we gotta realize that you know no martial arts has everything so just say can you know sport MMA you need to cross train right we know we need to cross train you know we're in the early days across all jiu-jitsu jiu-jitsu they never put a good striker in the UFC for the first five years it was never a world-class striker in the UFC then when they started to put some strikers and they start to find out that you know you need to have a striking game and you need to have a grasp of the game right so it's the same way for the real world you need to have a weaponry game and you need to go outside of the room of the rules you know and that's not what I want your Arts Alliance's my organization is all about you know cross training in the best martial arts for the real world yeah I was a kid I was as skinny surfer kid and I grew up you know in a family that kind of fell apart my mother and my father ended up marrying a hippie basically turned us into a happy family moved us to Santa Cruz California AP central you know and so you know when I got there I ran into trouble right away actually the part in Santa Cruz who they've done with the hippies want it was all the rednecks where than withers area with the hippies were and we were in the red neck area so you know I had the long hair and so as to get picked on the new kid in town you know we always move around and say I got picked on here in there and so you know I always wanted to learn self-defense so one of the things that got me really interested in the martial arts to start with the Kung Fu series of David Carradine I loved it he you know would never look for trouble are you never go looking for trouble and but trouble always found him and he would always he would never use more violence than he had to he would always see you know just diffuse the situation without hurting the guy as much as possible right and he would always try to avoid a try to avoid it you know and then there was always the message should go back to the his Sifu you know it at the Shaolin Temple and you know there's always that he'd have the flashback and you know there's that message they're the lesson you learned in every episode you know and I just loved the the message and the positive no message that the martial arts sense what really got me interested in it and then enter the dragon came out you know I was just like wow this is amazing you know you know just fascinated with bruce Lee I try to avoid conflicts at all costs I always walk away I always you know we'll try to talk my way out of it I very rarely you know get into streetlights although I have when I had when I was in Long Beach had several incidents go down when I lived in a house in a really bad area of Long Beach on over my first martial arts school but it's always been for me trying not to you know to kill the guy too much time to just get out of the situation without you know I can't have it on my conscience they give someone brain damage or you know maimed and killed them so I've had several several incidents go down and I think you know one of the great things about the martial arts is that you get confidence and when you're confident people just don't really mess cutie mark you know they don't they don't bother you that can sense that you you have something Demonstration so it's gonna show you know some possible way you might be attacked in the real world and some possible ways and dirty boxing that we might handle that situation so a lot of times in self-defense Chelsea guys who wanna finish of you are they gonna grab your clothing are they gonna grab your neck like that or they're gonna try to pull your head down she can need I can do here in Thailand right so yes so tight end if he doesn't like a double shift in Chester when he doesn't notice how is getting into here to smoke a steering wheel position so so shuts you because clinch you rap on your clothing got two hands into this position called the steering wheel thing about this home and get your butt and that's one of my favorite things sometimes we just felt they had here and this is the best time couch helpful grab onto the just set up a striking from here all your orthodox lost you want let's look at what time you shop you call the steering wheels but need short back turning his head like that get my phone down like grap head here that's a knee and stepped-up combination INTERVIEW ya wanna principles that I here to obviously is cross-training that no martial art has it all no martial arts complete and that's why we call it mixed martial arts so you know mixed martial arts for combat that's what I'm about mixed martial arts for the real world so I think anyone who is serious about learning self-defense fence needs to have a Thai boxing Muay Thai background you know some time here in bangkok right now just did a seminar on dirty boxing filipino boxing but I'm also here to out to train in Muay Thai love Muay thai and doing it since 1985 and let's be honest the best ranking system in the world you know I think anyone without a Muay Thai background is really you know not serious about learning how to defend themselves and then obviously a Brazilian jiu-jitsu is one is the best grappling art out there are probably other great ones too but I think you need you need you know they have some knowledge of Brazilian jiu-jitsu boxing you know boxing is the most sophisticated system of using the hands and all the martial arts according to Bruce Lee and I agree with them wrestling obviously is very important you know having having take downtown knowing how to defend takedowns but then what I like to do is mix and other other arts or not so in the mainstream like for example the Filipino martial arts you know which is the best with the knife the stick some of the systems have the best empty hands and I've ever seen like Inosanto I know the cross method that the Filipino martial arts includes dirty boxing or filipino boxing puntukan or suntukan on which a mix of boxing master John Lacosta learned in the central region of the Philippines to the size and then he learned the Silat in the south in Mindanao so he mixed silat with boxing and it's one of the most sophisticated the most effective efficient forms of self-defense and I've ever seen Dan Lee Inosanto taught me that you know of a thirty years of training with him several workshops within the focus just on the filipino boxing and and so yes I took what he did in kind of did my own thing a little bit with the filipino boxing and I think it's one of the best silat is one of the best I like a savate box france you know I'm a box franse one of the best striking arts but there are you know when China there are a lot of great martial arts out there however some of them with a lot of martial arts there's certain things that I like and then there's and it's going to be like that for everyone those things that you like those things that you don't like so much you know and so that's why I think it's so important to cross train another important thing about cross training is that you know when you're 20 years old you know you got Muay Thai, MMA ,Jiu Jitsu know but you know I'm I'm 53 years old so you know my my shape and injuries stuff like that and you know as you start getting older he don't cross train you're not going to be able to do it anymore you know and you get depressed and you let you know when you stopped training you know your life's just not the same so it's really important to have to be able to know have different martial arts ones that you can do like the Filipino martial arts is great because you can practice it into you sixties seventies eighties nineties like you know a lot of the Masters that grew down in a sauna learn from they were ww2 heroes they fought the first Filipino Infantry Division and they were sent to the Philippines to fight over there they fought with with live blades swords the lows against the japanese so you know I think ww2 veteran so obviously most of them are all gone now they were heroes and you know the Filipinos were no exception to the rule they were definitely heroes who fought against the Japanese and you know so by the time Groudon met these guys are already a lot of them are in their eighties you know seventies eighties some of them pushing 90 and you know they can still move you know they could still move still do that thing like Locasta for example he was in his late eighties he still train every day and the weight I get shot the back which is a sad very sad story because we all wanted to learn what he had you know but but yeah so I think it's great to cross train because it gives you that option to do you know if your body can't do the Shin kick anymore you know your hips body or whatever you have other things you can practice so that my Academy in Orange County California we specialize in beginners we love we love to take people have no martial arts experience at all and teach them how to defend themselves you know get them involved with all the different combat martial arts and normally what I like to do as I like to start people with Thai boxing with Muay Thai and there are several reasons for that one is that they're learning to use their natural weapons you know their punches or kicks their elbows on their knees and the learning basic defenses you know it'll work in the real world they're also at the same time getting fit you know I'm being fit is a very important part of being able to defend yourself Muay Thai kickboxing boxing it gives you timing it gives you read them if you distance it gives you an understanding of movement it gives you an understanding of the way that you probably gonna be attacked in the real world now that everyone does anyone does boxing everyone does mixed martial arts so yeah so I like to start people with Muay Thai or we started with MMA mixed martial arts that's we do get my academies I offer everything I hope we have a mixed martial arts program we have a Muay Thai program but usually we don't like to start people in Brazilian jiu-jitsu for example is like I said you know you need to learn how to strike first in my opinion I think it you know you don't want to go to the ground right away that's all you know you're gonna be in bad trouble in the in a real situation if that's all you know how to do is grapple is it you know it's never a one-on-one fight so we start people with Muay Thai MMA and then once they've gone through you know three months or so of Muay Thai or MMA then they become eligible to go into what we call a combat out the program and that's what we offer noJeet Kun DO Filipino martial arts Brazilian jiu-jitsu no gi Jiu Jitsu boxe française Savate so we offer all those are taught separately but we'd like you to have a base in striking first because up pretty much all the martial arts we teach our striking the boxing based like the Filipino martial arts boxing based you know Jeet Kun Do is boxing based Savate obviously boxing based Muay Thai boxing base MMA boxing based again even Brazilian jiu-jitsu you know it's even Helio Gracie believed in boxing although you know the early Jets you guys want the best boxers but you know there they've gotten a lot better now you know nowadays all the brunt brazilians know you have to do Muay Thai you have to be boxing where they used to laugh about it in the early days of the of the UFC they would laugh at Muay Thai boxing but now it is often anymore you know because they realize you have to have a foundation and striking so yeah that's why start people Muay Thai Boxing MMA you know to get used to their their tools get used to how they you know how the body moves and whatnot then later on they get into the the Brazilian jiu-jitsu and what other whatever else that they want to get involved with DEMONSTRATION other things get a lot of times another thing we get a lot of times these guys who are gonna swimming wild at your head right through it maker punch so in that type of situation you know first of all you want to know how to cover you need to be able to defend your head you know the docs way like this first got that down this week all it takes and we have what's called the water covered like this so we have a lot of times in a street fight traffic situation in self-defense situation as an individual angry gonna try to punch a lot of times it's not a nice straight punch me I punch right in that type of scenario comes with a white boy you need to know how to just cover your head up to protect your head that's what we call it type cover we call a wide cover the clothes like this right and then if you want to try to get the same time to become a political punch the clock so why were the first one and you just come in when you cover up here if you think air right now if you got simultaneous this is one of our favorites like that which are striking here whether it's tougher cuts Interview: so dirty boxing basically filipino boxing ok it's it comes from Grandmaster johnnie Juanito LaCosta John Acosta he's one of the instructors Dan Lee Inosanto know he's very unique in his approach because he traveled all over the Philippines to learn all the different Filipino martial arts the thing that he was able to do that other Filipino martial arts masters weren't able to do was to learn all the southern styles that are really in existence anymore from Mindanao you know Silat the different Filipino Silat systems so he converted to Islam the reason why most people weren't able to learn it is their Christian there from the central and northern region and Christians are not allowed to learn Silat so what he did was he converted to Islam and learn to speak twelve different Muslim dialects so he could learn all the different silat stiles which made him very unique you know so what he did is he took the the boxing did you learn in the Visayas in the central region of the Philippines you know Suntukan and and he makes that silat so it's a very effective boxing base but it's it's got all the you know the dirty techniques it's got eye got head butts needs to the groin foot stomps you know strikes to the arms we do harm destructions and clinching and you know double thumbs and grabbing you know kicking the groin go yell everybody can do that I know what everybody says but it could do that yeah but ya think about this I mean like Bruce Lee for example area finger job from any angle at lightning speed you know you wouldn't even see it coming so someone with it would skill like that you know i mean is another animal to deal with you know me and and people don't realize you know they can pick up a weapon well you know it's it's not that simple with you if you're going to get someone who has skilled with a weapon it's very very different you know so it's easy for people in the MMA world to downplay parts that aren't competition but usually that's because they don't really have an understanding they don't have an understanding of what's really out there and what you know what it's worth it you know what skills outside up their game how much that can add to you know what's going on in a real-world self-defense or street fighting situation. so filipino boxing also known as Panatukan or Suntukan in my opinion is one of the best martial arts for the real world includes striking similar to Thai boxing but it also includes had but, eye gouching all types of clinching, knees, strikes to the groin and foot stomps and over hooks, underhooks and no shots to the throat you go oh yeah well you want to do that it's not just that what makes it unique award makes it so effective is how how do you get from eye-gouching to head but he's to knees to sweeps together how do you get into it that's the thing everybody knows you can eye gouch how do you get him do it right how do you get into the other techniques how do you flow from head butts, elbows, knees and clinching great about filipino boxing it is best in the world flowing between regular mainstream type of strikes again elbows knees kicks punches into the dirty tricks that they are going to set up your strike again eye gouch for example once you get your eye gouched the best time to hit him with traditional type of boxing strikes