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κ·Έκ²λ€μ΄ ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό λλ μ΄μ λ μλͺ
체μ μ‘΄μ¬κ° κ°λ₯νμ§ μνμ λμμ΄ λκΈ° μμν λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. | The reason they are so exciting is that they begin to meet the test of possible life. |
κ·Έκ²λ€μ μ²λ
μ리 70 μ²λ
μ’μ λΆλμΉ μ±μ리μ 47 ν°κ³°μ’μ λ³λ€ κΆ€λλ₯Ό λκ³ μλ€. | They orbit the stars 70 Virginis, in the constellation Virgo, and 47 Ursae Majoris, in the Big Dipper. |
λ λ³ λͺ¨λ ν¬κΈ°λ νμλ§νλ©° κ·Έλ€μ νμ±μ λ¨μ§ μ‘°κΈ λ ν΄λΏ λͺ©μ±μ²λΌ κ°μ€λ‘ κ°λμ°¨ μλ€. | Both stars are about the size of the sun, and their planets are gaseous like Jupiter, only bigger. |
70 μ²λ
μ’λ₯Ό λκ³ μλ νμ±μ μ¨λλ μλ§ μ½ 185λλ‘ "μ‘체μνμ λ¬Όμ΄ λ΄κ²¨μ§ μ λΉν λ°λ»νκ² λ°μμ§ μμ‘°"λΌκ³ λ§μλ λ§νλ€. | The temperature of the planet orbiting 70 Virginis is probably about 185 degrees, allowing liquid water in "a nice toasty warm bath", Marcy says. |
볡μ‘ν μ κΈ°μ λΆμκ° "μ§κ΅¬μ μλͺ
체λ₯Ό λ³κ²ν κ²μΌλ‘ μΆμ λλ κ²"κ³Ό μ μ¬ν κ²μ νμ±νλ€λ κ²μ΄ μλ§ μ³μ κ²μ΄λ€. | That's about right for complex organic molecules to form similar to those "that presumably led to life on Earth". |
λλ²μ§Έ νμ±μ λ¬Όμ μλ§ μΌμ΄μμ κ²μ΄λ€. | Water on the second planet is probably frozen. |
70 μ²λ
μ’ μ£Όλ³μ νμ±μ νΉν μ€μλ€κ³ λ³Όν°λͺ¨μ΄μ μλ μ°μ£Ό λ§μκ²½ κ³Όν μ°κ΅¬μμ νμ±κ³ μ λ¬Έκ°μΈ λ‘λ²νΈ λΈλΌμ΄μ λ§νλ€. | The planet around 70 Virginis is particularly important, observes Robert Brown, a planetary systems specialist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. |
"κ·Έκ²μ νμκ³μ μ μ¬ν μ§λκ³Ό κΆ€λλΌλ νΉμ§μ κ°μ§ κ²μΌλ‘λ μ΅μ΄λ‘ λ°κ²¬λ κ²μ
λλ€." | "It is the first find with characteristics of mass and orbit that are similar to the solar system." |
κ·Έ νμ±μ 116μΌ μ£ΌκΈ°λ‘ κ·Έκ²μ νμ μ£Όμλ₯Ό λκ³ μμΌλ©°, μλ§λ νμκ³κ° μκΈ°κ² λ κ²κ³Ό κ°μ μ’
λ₯μ μ¬κ±΄μ μν΄ νμ±λμμ κ²μ΄λ€. | The planet circles its sun every 116 days and probably was formed by the same kind of event that caused the solar system. |
κ·Έ νμ±λ€μ λ°κ²¬μ λ§μ μλ‘μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ€μ λ°μ°¨λ₯Ό κ°ν κ²μ΄λ€. | The discovery of the planets will spur a host of new searches. |
κ·Έ νμ±λ€μ΄ λκ³ μλ λ³λ€μμ λμ€λ λΉμ΄ λ무 κ°λ ¬νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ μ²λ¬Ένμλ€μ λ§μκ²½μΌλ‘ μ§μ νμ±λ€μ λ³Ό μλ μλ€. | Astronomers aren't able to see planets directly with telescopes because light from the stars they orbit is too bright. |
κ·Έ λμ μ νμ±μ μ‘΄μ¬μ¬λΆλ κ·Έ νμ±μ μ€λ ₯μ μν΄ κ·Έ νμ±μ΄ λκ³ μλ λ³μ μκΈ°λ νλ€λ¦ΌμΌλ‘ λ―Έλ£¨μ΄ μ μ μλ€. | Instead, a planet's existence is deduced from wobbles of the star around which it orbits caused by the planet's gravitational force. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ·Έ νλ€λ¦Όμ λ€μ λ³μμ λμ€λ λΉμ νμ₯μ μ½κ° λ³νμν€κ³ , κ·Έ λ³νλ μ§κ΅¬μμ κ°μ§ν μ μλ€. | The wobbles, in turn, make the wavelength of light from the star shift slightly, and the shifts can be detected from Earth. |
μ΄ λ κ°μ μλ‘μ΄ νμ±μ μΊλ¦¬ν¬λμ λνμ λ¦ κ΄μΈ‘μμ μλ 120μΈμΉ λ§μκ²½μ μ¬μ©νμ¬ λ°κ²¬λμλ€. | The two new planets were found using a 120-inch telescope at the University of California's Lick Observatory. |
νλΈ λ§μκ²½μ΄ μ²μ μ μ 보μμλ μ²λ¬Ένμλ€μ κ·Έκ²μ΄ 무μ¨μΌμ΄ μΌμ΄λ¬λκ°λ₯Ό 보기μν΄ μ°μ£Όκ° μ²μ μμλ λλ‘ λμκ° λ³Ό μ μλ νμλ¨Έμ μ΄ λμ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°λ¬μ΅λλ€. | When the Hubble Space Telescope was first proposed, astronomers wanted it to be a time machine that could look back nearly to the beginning of the universe to see what was happening. |
λ¬Όλ‘ νλΈ λ§μκ²½μ λ§μ λ€λ₯Έ κ΄μΈ‘μ λͺ©μ μΌλ‘λ μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. | Of course, Hubble is used for lots of other observational purposes. |
12μ 28μΌκΉμ§ 10μΌλμ μ리μμ€λ μ£Όλ³μ λμ체λ€μ μν΄ ν©μ΄μ§μ§ μμ λΆλμΉ μ±μ μμ‘μ΄ κ·Όμ²μ μ’κ² λ»μ νλμ νλΈ λ§μκ²½μ λ§μΆμ΄ λμμ΅λλ€. | For 10 days through December. 28, Williams kept Hubble trained on a narrow stretch of sky near the handle of the Big Dipper that is uncluttered by nearby objects. |
κ·Έ μ 체 μκ°λμ κΆ€λλ₯Ό 그리며 λλ λ§μκ²½μ λͺ¨λ 342μ₯μ μ¬μ§μ μ°μμ΅λλ€. | The orbiting telescope took pictures during the entire time, 342 exposures in all. |
μΌλ¨ μ§κ΅¬λ‘ μ μ‘λμ΄, κ·Έ λΆν΄νλ©΄λ€μ μνμ λͺ¨μκ³Ό μκΉμ μ΄μ§λ¬μ΄ λ°°μ΄μ λνλ΄λ λ¨ νλμ μ΄λ―Έμ§λ‘ ν©μ±λμμ΅λλ€. | Once transmitted to Earth, the frames were assembled into a single image that reveals a bewildering array of galactic shapes and colors. |
μ€μ λ‘ μ΄λ€κ²μ μ νμ μΈ λμ ν λͺ¨μμΌλ‘ μ κ°λκΈ° μμν κ²μ²λΌ 보μμ΅λλ€. | Some, in fact, looked as if they were beginning to evolve into classic spiral shapes. |
μ¬λμ λμΌλ‘ λ³Ό μ μλ κ²λ³΄λ€ κ±°μ 40μ΅λ°°λ λ ν¬λ―Έν΄μ | nearly 4 billion times fainter than can be seen by the human eye |
κ°μ₯ ν° μ§μ λ§μκ²½μΌλ‘λ λ³Ό μ μμμ΅λλ€. | that they have not been seen by the largest terrestrial telescopes. |
μ¬μ€μ νλΈ λ§μκ²½μ μνκ° μ΄λ»κ² μκΈ°λκ°μ κ΄ν λ¨μλ₯Ό μ 곡νλ νμλ€μ λ³΄κ³ μμλ κ²μ΄λ©°, κ·Έκ²λ€μ μ°μ£Όμ μ΄λͺ
μ μ΄ν΄νλ μ΄μ κ° λ©λλ€. | Hubble, in effect, was looking at fossils that offer clues about how galaxies develop, and they are key to understanding the fate of the universe. |
μ°λ¦¬λ 100μ΅λ
μ νμ±λλ κ³Όμ μ μμ λμ μνκ³ μΌλΆλ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ μμ΅λλ€. | We are seeing some of the galaxies as they were 10 billion years ago, in the process of formation. |
μ΄λ¬ν μμλ€μ΄ νλ©΄μ λνλ¬μ λ μ°λ¦¬λ μ΄ λͺ¨λ κ²μμ μ°λ¦¬λ€ μμ μ κΈ°μμ λ³Ό μ μμ§ μμκΉ κΆκΈνκ² μ¬κΈ°μ§ μμ μ μμμ΅λλ€. | As these images have come up on our screens, we have not been able to keep from wondering if we might somehow be seeing our own origins in all of this. |
μ²λ¬Ένμλ€μκ² κ°μ₯ νκΈ° μ΄λ ΅κ³ ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό κ°κ² νλ μ§λ¬Έλ€ μ€ νλλ μ°μ£Όκ° 무μμΌλ‘ λ§λ€μ΄μ‘λκ° νλκ²μ
λλ€. | One of the most puzzling and compelling questions for astronomers is what the universe is made of. |
μνκ° μ΄λ»κ² μμ§μ΄λκ°λ₯Ό μ°κ΅¬ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ κ·Έλ€μ κ·Έλ° μμ§μμ μν΄ μΌλ§λ λ§μ μ§λμ΄ νμνκ°λ₯Ό κ³μ°ν΄λΌ μ μμ΅λλ€. | By studying how galaxies move, they can calculate how much mass is needed to produce the motions. |
κ·Έλ¬λ κ·Έλ€μ λμ λ³΄μΈ κ²μ κ³μ°ν λ κ·Έ λμ 보μ΄λ λ¬Όμ§μ μνμ μμ§μμ μ€λͺ
νλλ° νμν λ¬Όμ§μ κ²¨μ° 10λΆμ 1λ§μ΄ λν΄μ§ λΏμ
λλ€. | But when they count up what they see, the visible objects add up to only a 10th of the matter that is needed to account for galactic motions. |
κ·Έλ¬λ μΊλ¦¬ν¬λμ λνμ λ‘λ μ€ λ¦¬λ²λͺ¨μ΄ κ΅λ¦½ κ΄μΈ‘μμ μ€μ€νΈλ μΌλ¦¬μ μΊλ²λΌ κ·Όκ΅μ μ€νΈλ‘¬λ‘μ° κ΄μΈ‘μμ κ΅μ μ°κ΅¬νμ κ·Έ λ°νμ§μ§ μμ λ¬Όμ§ μ€ λ§μκ²μ΄ μ²λ¬Ένμλ€μ΄ MACHO | But an international team from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the University of California and the Mt. |
μ§λμμΆλ¬΄λ¦¬λ¬Όμ²΄λΌκ³ λΆλ₯΄λ μΌμμ μΈ λ¬Όμ§μ΄λΌλ κ°λ ₯ν μ¦κ±°λ₯Ό μ μνμ΅λλ€. | Stromlo Observatory near Canberra, Australia, has now presented strong evidence that much of the missing stuff is ordinary matter astronomers call MACHOs |
κ·Έκ²λ€μ λ°±μ μμ±μ΄λΌκ³ λΆλ¦¬μ°λ λ€ νλ²λ¦° λ³μΌ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ κ°μ₯ ν¬λ©°, μ΄μ©λ©΄ μ€μ±μλ³μ΄λ λΈλνμΌμ§λ λͺ¨λ¦
λλ€. | a combination that wasn't technically or economically possible until this decade |
90λ
λκΉμ§λ κΈ°μ μ μΌλ‘λ κ²½μ μ μΌλ‘ κ²°ν©μ΄ λΆκ°λ₯νλ 볡μ‘ν λμ§ν μΉ΄λ©λΌμ μ€μ€νΈλ μΌλ¦¬μμ λ§μκ²½μ μ₯μ°©λ λΉμ©μ μΈκ³ μ©λμ΄ ν° μ»΄ν¨ν°λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ¬ κ΅μ μ°κ΅¬νμ μ§λ 2λ
κ° κ±°μ 맀μΌλ°€ κ±°λν λ§μ €λ μ±μ΄μ μλ 9λ°±λ§ κ°μ λ³μ μ¬μ§μ μ°μμ΅λλ€. | the team photographed 9 million stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud nearly every night for the past two years. |
μ»΄ν¨ν°μμλ κ·Έ λ³λ€ μ€ μ΄λ κ²μ΄ ν λ¬μμ λ€ λ¬μ κΈ°κ°λμ λ λ°μμ§λκ°λ₯Ό μμ보기 μν΄ μ§μΌλ³΄μμ΅λλ€. | The computers watched to see if any of the stars got brighter for a period of one to four months. |
λ§μ½ κ·Έλ λ€λ©΄ κ·Έκ²μ λ무 ν¬λ―Έν΄μ μ§μμμλ 보μ΄μ§ μλ μνμμ 무리μ μλ MACHOκ° κ±°λν λ§μ €λ μ±μ΄κ³Ό λ§μκ²½ μ¬μ΄λ₯Ό μ§λλ©΄μ κ°μ§λμλ€λ κ²μ λ»νμ΅λλ€. | If so, it meant that a MACHO in the halo of the Milky Way too faint to be seen from the ground had been detected passing between the Large Magellanic Cloud and the telescope. |
MACHOμ κ±°λν μ€λ ₯μ λ¨Ό λ³μμ λμ€λ λΉμ νλνμ¬ κ·Έ λ¨Όκ³³μ 무μμ΄ μλκ°λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ λ μ¦μ κ°μ μν μ νκ² λ©λλ€. | The MACHO's massive gravity acts like a lens to magnify the light from the distant star and reveal that something is out there. |
2λ
λμ κ·Έ μ°κ΅¬νμ μΌκ³± λ²μ κ·Έλ¬ν "κ·Ήμ λ¬Όμ§ νλ λ μ¦ νμ"μ κΈ°λ‘νμμ΅λλ€. | In two years, the team recorded seven such "microlensing" events. |
κ·Έκ²μ νμν κ²μ λ¬Όμ§μ μ μ΄λ μ λ°μ μ°¨μ§ν λ§νΌ μΆ©λΆν MACHOκ° μνμ 무리μ μ‘΄μ¬νλ€λ κ²μ λ»νλ κ²μ΄μμ΅λλ€. | That meant there are enough MACHOs in the halo of the galaxy to account for at least half the necessary dark matter. |
μ¬μ€ μ°κ΅¬μλ€μ΄ κ°μΈμ μΌλ‘ λ§νλ λ°μλ°λ₯΄λ©΄ κ·Έλ€μ΄ μμ§νκ³ μλ λ€λ₯Έ μ¦κ±°λ‘ νμν λͺ¨λ λ¬Όμ§μ λ°κ²¬ν μλ μλ€λ κ²μ μμ¬νκ³ μμ΅λλ€. | In fact, team members say privately, other evidence they're collecting suggests that they may be finding all the matter that's needed. |
λ€μμ£Ό, 12μ 7μΌμ κ°λ¦΄λ μ€ νμ¬ μμ±μ΄ λͺ©μ±μ νλ €μ§ λκΈ°λ₯Ό ν΅κ³Όν΄ λνμ° μ°©λ₯μ νμ λ λ°κ²¬ν κ²μ λ―Έν곡 μ°μ£Όκ΅μ΄ λ°ννκ² λλ©΄ νλμμ λ λ§μ μμμ΄ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ κΈ°λλ©λλ€. | Next week, more news from the heavens is expected as NASA reveals what the Galileo probe discovered as it parachuted down through Jupiter's roiling atmosphere on December 7. |
μ°λ¦¬λ λΆκ°λ₯ν κ²μ ν€μ³λμκ±°λ λ€λ₯Έ μ¬λλ€μ΄λΌλ©΄ μ€ν¨ν κ³³μμ μ±κ³΅ν μ¬λλ€μ μΉμ°¬νλ€. | We praise those people who have lived through the impossible or succeeded where others would fail. |
κ·Έλ¬λ μ΄λ²μ£Ό μ°λ¦¬λ μ΄μλ¨μ§ λͺ»ν μ¬λλ€μκ² μ΄ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ 첫λΆλΆμ ν μ νκ³ μ νλ€: | But this week, we dedicate the first part of our show to the people who did not survive: |
ν΅ μλκ° μμλμμ λ, μ¦ λ―Έκ΅μ΄ μΌλ³Έμ μ΅μ΄λ‘ ν΅ννμ ν¬ννμ λ ν¬μλ μ΄μλ§λͺ
μ΄μμ ν¬μμλ€μκ² λ§μ΄λ€. | the more than 200,000 victims who died when the Atomic Age was born, when the U.S. dropped the first unclear bombs on Japan. |
μ°λ¦¬λ μ΄λ° μ§λ¬Έμ νλ©° λλμ 보기λ₯Ό μμν΄ λ³Έλ€: | We begin our look back with the question: |
λ―Έκ΅μ΄ μΌλ³Έμ κ°κ³΅ν νμ κ°μ§ ν΅λ¬΄κΈ°λ₯Ό ν¬νν΄μΌλ§ νμκΉ? μλλ©΄ μ 2μ°¨ μΈκ³λμ μ΄ μ’ λ νλ ₯μ μΈ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ λλ μ μμμκΉ? | Should the United States have unleashed the terrible power of nuclear weapons on Japan, or could World War II have ended in a less violent way? |
μ΄λ² μ£Ό μ°λ¦¬λ μ΄ λ¬Έμ μ λν΄ λ§μ μκ°μ ν΄μ€μ μΈ λΆμκ² κ·Έ μ§λ¬Έμ λλ ΈμΌλ©° μ΄κ²μ΄ κ·Έ λΆλ€μ΄ λ§ν λ΄μ©μ΄λ€. | This week, we put that question to three people who have given it much thought, and this is what they said. |
1945λ
μ¬λ¦ λ―Έκ΅μ΄ μΌλ³Έμ μμνμ ν¬ννμ΄μΌλ§ νλ€λ κ²μλ μλ¬Έμ μ¬μ§κ° μλ€. | There is no question the United States should have dropped the atomic bombs on Japan in the summer of 1945. |
μΌλ³ΈμΈλ€μ ν볡ν μ‘°μ§μ 보μ΄μ§ μκ³ μμλ€. | The Japanese were showing no signs of surrender. |
κ·Έλ€μ νμμ μνλ€. | They did want to negotiate. |
κ·Έλ¬λ μ°λ¦¬κ° κ·Έλ€ κ΅°λμ μμ§μμ μ§μΌλ³΄κ³ μμκΈ° λλ¬Έμ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ°λ¦¬λ κ΅°μ¬μ , μΈκ΅μ μνΈλ₯Ό ν΄λ
νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ μμΈν μΈλΆμ¬νμ μκ³ μμμΌλ―λ‘, μ°λ¦¬κ° κ·Έλ€ κ΅°λμ μ΄λμν©κ³Ό μ μΉμ μΈ κ³΅μΈλ₯Ό μ§μΌλ³΄κ³ μμκΈ° λλ¬Έμ, κ·Έλ€μ΄ μ°λ¦¬κ° μΉ¨λ΅νκΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λ€λ¦¬κ³ μμλ€λ κ²μ μ°λ¦¬λ μμλ€. | But as we were watching their troop movements, and we knew intimate details because we'd broken their military and diplomatic codes, as we watched their military troop movements and their political maneuvering, we knew that they were waiting for us to invade. |
κ·Έλ€μ κ°λ―Έκ°μ νΉκ³΅λ, κ΅°λ, μ¬μ§μ΄λ λ―Όκ°μΈκΉμ§λ μ°λ¦¬μ 곡격ꡰμ λλ μ΄μμ κ°ν΄ νμμ μ λν΄ λΌ μ μλ λκ·λͺ¨ μΉ¨λ΅μ μμ μνλ€. | They wanted one great invasion battle, where their kamikazes, their troops, even their civilians, could inflict massive casualties on our assault forces and force us into negotiations. |
νΈλ£¨λ¨Όμ ννμ ν¬νν΄μΌλ§ νλ€. | Truman had to drop the bomb. |
1945λ
μ¬λ¦ μ κ·Έλ μ νμ μ¬μ§κ° μμλ€. | He had no choice in the summer of 1945. |
μ°λ¦¬λ νλ‘μλ§μ μμνμ ν¬ννμ§ λ§μμ΄μΌ νλ€. | We should not have dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. |
λ΄ μκ°μλ μ°λ¦¬λ μΌλ³Έμ΄ ν볡ν λ°©λ²μ μ°ΎμΌλ € μ μ°κ³ μμλ€λ μ¦κ±°λ₯Ό μ§κΈ κ°κ³ μμΌλ©°, λ―Έκ΅μ κ³ μ κ΅°μ¬ μ§λμλ€ λͺ¨λκ° μ΄κ²μ΄ κ΅°μ¬μ μΌλ‘ λ°λμ νμν κ²μ΄λΌκ³ λ λ³΄μ§ μμλ€. | I think the evidence we now have is that the Japanese were attempting to find a way to surrender, and the top military leaders of the United States, almost to a man, understood that this was not a matter of military necessity. |
λμ°κΈ° λ―Έκ΅κ³Ό μκ΅μ κ·Έλ€μ κ΅°λλ₯Ό μ λ½μμ μ² μνκ³ μμλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ ννλ¬λ₯Ό λ¬Όλ¦¬μΉ λͺ¨λ κ΅°μ¬λ ₯μ κ·ΉλμΌλ‘ μ΄λνμ¬ μ μμ ν¬μ
νλ € νκ³ μμλ€. | Moreover, the United States and Great Britain were taking their armies out of Europe, and they were about to move all of that power that had defeated Hitler to the Far East, to join that war. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ λ¬μμμΈλ€λ μ΄ μ μμ κ°λ΄νκΈ° μν΄ λ§μ£Ό κ΅κ²½μ κ·Έλ€μ κ΅°λλ₯Ό λ°°μΉνκ³ μμλ€. | And finally, the Russians were mounting their troops on the Manchurian border about to enter this war. |
κ·Έλμ λ΄ μκ°μ μΌλ³Έμ μμ£Ό λκ°ν μν©μ μ²νμΌλ©°, 무μ보λ€λ 무쑰건μ μΈ νλ³΅μ΄ μλλΌ κ·Έλ€μ λ¬Ένμμλ μ κ³Ό κ°μ μν μ νλ μ¬λμΈ, μΌλ³Έ μ²ν©μ΄ κΆμ’μμ λ¬Όλ¬λμ§ μλλ‘ λ³΄μ₯λ°λλ€λ 쑰건μΌλ‘ κ·Έλ€μ΄ μ€λ«λμ ν볡μ μ€λΉνκ³ μμλ€λ λͺ
λ°±ν μ¦κ±°κ° μλ€. | So, I think Japan was on its last legs, and there's clear evidence that they were prepared to surrender so long... above all, not unconditionally, but on the condition that the Emperor of Japan, a figure who played the role of a god in their culture be given some assurance that he would not be deposed. |
λλ κ·Έκ²μ΄ νλμ 쑰건μ΄μλ€κ³ μκ°νμ§λ§, λ―Έκ΅μ μ§λμλ€μ κ·Έκ²μ μ£Όμν λ¬Έμ λ‘ λ³΄μ§ μμλ€κ³ μκ°νλ€. | I think that was a condition, but I also think that U.S. leaders did not see that as a major problem. |
μ μμ κ°λ₯ ν ν 빨리 λλ΄κΈ° μν΄ νΈλ£¨λ§ λν΅λ Ήμ κ·Έλ¬ν κ²°μ μ μ΄ν΄ν λ§ν κ²μ΄μλ€. | To finish the war as soon as possible, that was the understandable decision by the President Truman. |
κ·Έ λΉμμλ μΌλ³Έ κ΅°λλ μ ν¬κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§ λμ΄μ μμ νκ³ μμκ³ κ°λ―Έκ°μ νΉκ³΅λμ²λΌ μμ΄ κ³΅κ²©μ μ΄μ©νλ € νμΌλ©°, λλΆλΆμ μΌλ³Έ κ΅°μ¬ μ§λμλ€μ μ°ν©κ΅°μ ν볡νλ κ²μ λ°λνκ³ μμλ€. | At that time, the Japanese military forces still possessed more than 10,000 airplanes, were going to be used as suicide attack, like a kamikaze, and most of the Japanese military leaders were against to surrender to the Allied Nations. |
κ·Έλ€μ μΌλ³Έμ μΈλ ₯κ³Ό μ¬μ°μ΄ μμ ν νκ΄΄λ λκΉμ§ μ°ν©κ΅°μ λνν΄ μΈμΈ κ²μ μ£Όμ₯νκ³ μμλ€. | They were asserting to fight against the Allied Nations until the complete destroy of the Japanese manpower and properties. |
κ·Έλ 1945λ
μ¬λ¦μ λ―Έκ΅κ³Ό μΈκ³λ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ μμλ κ²μ΄λ€. | He was looking at America and the world in the summer of 1945. |
λͺλͺ μμ¬κ°λ€μ΄ μ£Όμ₯νλ κ²μ²λΌ μλ§λ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬λΌλ, μμνν μ€νμ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬λΌλ κ²°μ μ΄ λ΄λ €μ‘κΈ° λλ¬Έμ μλ§λ λ λ§μ μλͺ
μ μμμμ§λ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ€λ κ²μ΄ κ·Έ μ¦κ±°λΌκ³ μκ°νλ€. | I think actually the evidence is that perhaps because a decision was made to wait, wait for the atomic bomb test, perhaps more lives may have been lost, as some historians have argued. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λλ κ·Έκ²μ΄ μ³μ κ²μ΄λΌκ³ μκ°νλ€. | And I think that may be right. |
νλμ© νλμ©, λ―Έκ΅ κΈ°μ
λ€μ κ·Έλ€μ μ§λλ ₯μ ν¬κΈ°νκ³ μλ€. | One by one, / American companies are giving up / their leadership. |
ν κ°μ§ μκ° ν΄μΈμμμ λ―Έκ΅μ μμ° μ‘°μ
μνμ΄λ€. | One example is / the flight of U.S. manufacturing operations abroad. |
μ§λ 4λ
λμ μ½ 500κ°μ λ―Έκ΅ κΈ°μ
λ€μ΄ κ°μΌ λ
Έλ μΈκ±΄λΉ λλ¬ΈμΒ λ©μμ½ λΆλΆμ κ·Έλ€μ 곡μ₯μ μΈμ λ€. | Over the past four years, / some 500 U.S. companies have established their factories / in northern Mexico / because of cheap labor costs. |
κ·Έλ€μ μ€λ‘μ§ λμ μν΄μλ§ μΌνλ€. | They work solely for money. |
κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ‘μ κ·Έλ€μ μΈκ°μΌλ‘μλ κ±°μ λμ μ λ°μ§ λͺ»νκ³ Β λꡬλ μμΉλ‘μ μ·¨κΈλ°κ³ μλ κ²μ΄λ€. | As a result, / they are treated either as "tools" or "numbers", / rarely as human beings. |
κ·Έλ¬λ 쑰건μ μ Ifκ° μλ΅λλ©΄ Were the competition not so greatμΒ κ°μ΄ μ£Όμ΄μ λμ¬κ° λμΉλλ€. | Were the competition not so great, / Americans might get away with this behavior. |
νμ§λ§ μΌλ³ΈμΈ, νκ΅μΈ, λλ§μΈλ€κ³Ό κ°μ λ€λ₯Έ λλΌ μ¬λλ€μΒ λ무λ μΆ©λΆν μ€λΉκ° λμ΄ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ μΈμ λΌλΒ λ€μ΄μ λ μΌ κ°κ²©μ μ§μ’μ μνμ ν μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€. | But others / like the Japanese, Koreans, and Taiwanese / are only too ready / to step in and sell their quality goods / at cheaper prices. |
λ―Έκ΅μΈλ€μ ν λ κ·Όλ©΄, λ²μ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ§λ³΄μ κ°μΒ κ·Έλ° κ°μΉλ€μ μ λ΄νμλ€. | Americans once believed in such values / as diligence, prosperity, and progress. |
νμ§λ§ 1960λ
λμ ννΌ μ μ‘°μ ν¨κ» μμλ μλ‘μ΄ κ°μΉκ° μ겨λ¬λ€. | But new values have arisen, / beginning with the hippic creed of the 1960s. |
μ΄λ¬ν μλ‘μ΄ κ°μΉμλ λ
Έλ κ², μμ°, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μμ κ° ν¬ν¨λμ΄ μλ€. | These new values include / play, nature, and freedom. |
μ λ½μμλ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§μ΄λ€. | The same holds true for Europe. |
λ°λΌμ λ―Έκ΅μ λν λμ μ μ λ½μΌλ‘λΆν° μ€λ κ²μ΄ μλλΌ,Β μ¬κ°λ³΄λ€λ μΌμ, μμ 보λ€λ λ²μμ μ°μ μνλΒ μμμλ‘λΆν° μ€κ² λλ€. | Thus / the challenge to America comes / not from Europe but from Asia / where people put work before leisure / and prosperity before freedom. |
μ€λλ μ¬μ
μ μ±κ³΅νκΈ° μν΄ μμμΌ ν λ§μ κ²λ€μ κ΄λ ¨ κΈ°μ¬κ° μ μνλ―μ΄ μ±
μ΄λ κ΅μ€μμ μ½κ² λ°°μΈ μ μλ κ²μ΄ μλλ€. | Much of what you must know to succeed in business these days is not easily learned in a book or classroom, as the surrounding article makes clear. |
μμ κ³Ό μλλ°©μ κ°μ μ μΈμ§νκ³ μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅μ νλ κ²κ³Ό κ°μ ν΅μ¬μ μΈ μ¬μ
κΈ°μ μ ν°λνκΈ°λ μ΄λ €μ΄ κ³Όμ μ΄λ€. | Acquiring key business skills, such as perceiving and controlling emotions in oneself and others, is a subtle process. |
κ·Έλ¬λ κ·Έλ°μ λΉμ μ΄ νμλ‘ νλ λ§μ κ²λ€μ λ¨μ§ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΈ μ§μμΌλ‘μ, κ΅κ³Όκ³Όμ λ§ μ¬λ°λ‘ μ ννλ€λ©΄ ν νκΈ° μ΄λ΄μ λ°°μΈ μ μλ κ²λ€μ΄λ€. | But much else of what you need is just meat-and-potatoes knowledge, things you can learn in a semester or less by taking the right course. |
μ΄κ²μ 무μ보λ€λ λΉμ μ νμ¬κ° μ΄λ»κ² μκΈμ μ‘°λ¬νκ³ μ΄λ»κ² μ΄λ₯Ό ν λΉνλκ°λ₯Ό μ΄ν΄ν μ μκ² ν΄μ€λ€. | This will help you understand, among other things, how your company raises and allocates capital. |
λν μ΄κ²μ λΉμ νμμ μ€κ³ν μ μ νμ΄ ν
μ€νΈ μμ₯μμ μ νμ μΈ λ°ννλ₯Ό κ°μ‘λ€ ν μ§λΌλ μμ₯μ λμ¬ μ μκ² λλ μ΄μ λ₯Ό λΆλͺ
νκ² μλλ‘ ν΄ μ€λ€. | It will also make clear why that new product your team has designed might not be launched, despite its sensational showing in test markets. |
μ€λ§μ€λ½κ²λ λ§μ κ΄λ¦¬μλ€μ΄ λμ°¨λμ‘°νλ μμ΅κ³μ°μλ₯Ό μ½μ μ€ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ€. | A dismaying number of managers don't know how to read a balance sheet or a profit-and-loss statement. |
κ·Έλ¬λκΉ μ’λ 볡μ‘ν κ°λ
λ€κ³Ό ν¨κ» μ΄λ° κΈ°μ΄ κ³Όμ μ λ±λ‘ν κ². | So sign up for a course in these fundamentals, as well as some more sophisticated ideas. |
μλμ μ€νλ λ μ¬νΈμ κΈ°λ³Έμ κ°λ₯΄μΉλ κ³Όμ μ νμμ μ΄λ€. | A course that will teach you the basics of word processing and spreadsheets is essential. |
λ μΈν°λ·μ νν΄νλ λ°©λ²μ λν κ°μλ λ€μ μ μλ€. | You can also take instruction in how to navigate the Internet. |
μ¬κΈ°μμλ λͺ©νμμ₯μ μ€μ νκ³ λ¬΄νμ μν κ°μΉλ₯Ό μ΄μ©νκ³ μμ₯λ΄μμμ μνμ μ μΉλ₯Ό κ²°μ νκ³ μμ₯μ‘°μ¬ κΈ°λ²μ νμ©νλ λ°©λ²μ λ°°μ΄λ€. | This is where you will learn how to target a market, capitalize on brand equity, position a product, and use market research techniques. |
high-tech κ³ λ κΈ°μ μΒ Β jeopardy μν, μλΒ Β drift away λΆμ΄ 보λ΄λ€Β Β avant-garde μ μν; | High-tech companies may be in particular jeopardy of drifting away from consumers. |
κ·Έλ€μ κΈ°μ μ μμ΄μ μ§λμΉκ² μμ μμ΄μ κ³ κ°λ€μ΄ νλ²ν μΈμμμ μ§μ€λ‘ μνλ κ²μ΄ 무μμΈμ§λ μμ μ± κ°μμ λ¬Έμ μ λ€μ λν ν΄κ²°μ±
μ λ§λ€μ΄λ΄κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. | They are so avant-garde in their skills that they invent solutions to imaginary problems while forgetting what their customers really need in the workaday world. |
walk μ λΆ; μ§μ
; | Learn how to talk the walk |
μμ μ λν΄ λ§νκ³ λμ μ μ΄λ₯Ό κΈλ‘ λνλ΄λ λ°©λ²μ λ°°μ°λΌ. λΉμ μ λΉμ μμ μ μκ² μ§λ§ λ€μν λμ | You may know your stuff, but technical prowess won't get you to the top unless you can express yourself in written and spoken words to a variety of audiences |
κ³ κ°, λλ£, λΆμκ°, μΈλ‘ μΈ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ·ΈμΈ λ§μ μ¬λλ€μκ² λ§κ³Ό κΈλ‘ λΉμ μμ μ ννν μ μλ€λ©΄ κΈ°μ μ μΈ μ©κΈ°λ§ κ°μ§κ³ λ μ μμ μ€λ₯Ό μ μλ κ²μ΄λ€. | customers, colleagues, analysts, journalists, and many more. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄κ²μ μ ν μ μλ€λ©΄ λΉμ μ λΆλ₯΄λ μμ²μ΄ μλν κ²μ΄λ€. | And when you can do that well, you might be in great demand. |
μ΄λ λΉμ λ¬Έκ°λ€μκ²λ μ§λμΉκ² νΈνν μ£Όμ λ‘ λ³΄μΌ μ μλ€. | This might seem a subject too narrow for the generalist. |
μμ¦μ²λΌ μμ°μ΄ λΉ λ―νκ³ μ±
μμ΄ μ νλ μλμλ, νμ¬μΈ‘μμ μλ‘μ΄ νλ‘μ νΈλ₯Ό μν΄ μ κ· μ§μμ λ½μ κ²μΈκ° μμ μ§μμ λ κ²μΈκ°, μλλ©΄ νμ²μ
체μ 맑겨 μ΄λ₯Ό μ²λ¦¬νκ² ν κ²μΈκ° νλ λ¬Έμ μ λμμμ΄ μ§λ©΄νκ² λ 곡μ°μ΄ ν¬λ€. | But it's a good bet that in this era of tightening budgets and limited commitments, your company again and again faces the question of whether to hire a permanent staff for a new project, bring in temps, or have a subcontractor far away handle it. |
μ‘°λ§κ° λΉμ λΆμλ μ΄ λ¬Έμ μ λΆλ₯μΉ κ²μ΄λ€. | Sooner or later the question will wind up in your department. |
μ΄λ° κ³Όμ μ λ΄λΆμμ μΈλΆμ κ°μ λΉμ©κ³Ό κΈ°μ¬λλ₯Ό νκ°νμ¬ μ΅μ μ μ‘°ν©μ λ§λ€μ΄ λ΄λ λ°μ λμμ΄ λ κ²μ΄λ€. | This course will help you evaluate the costs and contributions of insiders and outsiders and come up with the best mix. |
λν μ κ· μ§μκ³Ό μμ μ§μμ΄ λ¨ν©νμ¬ κ³¨μΉμν λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μΌμΌν€λ κ²λ νΌν μ μκ² ν΄ μ€ κ²μ΄λ€. | It will also help you avoid inflammatory combinations of permanent and temporary employees. |
μ΄κ²μ μ¬λλ€μ΄ μνμ§ μλ κ²½μ°λΌλ ν¨κ» μΌνλλ‘ λ§λλ λ°©λ²μ κ°λ₯΄μ³ μ£Όλ κ³Όμ μ΄λ€. | This is the course in which you learn how to keep people working together, even when they don't want to. |
μλ₯Όλ€μ΄ λΉμ μ΄ κ΅¬μ μ»΄ν¨ν°λ₯Ό μλ³νμ¬ μ§μ κ³ λ±νκ΅μ λ³΄λ΄ μ£Όμ΄μΌ νλ λ³λ³ΌμΌ μλ νμ μ§λμλΌκ³ ν΄ λ³΄μ. | For example, you are the leader of a cross-functional team that has to identify outmoded computers and give them to a local high school. |
λΉμ νν
λ νμ μΌμμΈ μμ¨μ΄λΌλ μ¬λμ μΉμ§μν€κ±°λ ν΄κ³ ν κΆνμ΄ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ κ·Έμκ² λκΈ°λ₯Ό λΆμ¬νκΈ°κ° μ΄λ ΅λ€. | It is hard for you to motivate team member Wilson because you have no authority to promote or fire him. |