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3424 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akagari%20ka%20Bwanacyambwe | Akagari ka Bwanacyambwe | Akagari ka Ngwisi gaherereye i Burasirazuba bw’akabere ka Gasabo. Kagizwe n’imirenge igihumbi ari yo: Kibobo, Ndera, Mbogo, Gikoma na Rusororo.
Kimwe n’akagari ka Buriza, igice kinini cy’ako kagari kigizwe n’abasazi, igice cy’ako cy’umugi kigizwe n’umurenge wa Kimironko hamwe n’igice cy’umurenge wa Ndera, mu murenge wa Rusororo kandi niho dusanga imirambo.
Akarere ka Gasabo
Utugari tw’u Rwanda |
3452 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988 | 1988 |
Mutarama
Gashyantare
Werurwe
Mata
Genocide mu Rwanda
Gicurasi
Kamena
Nyakanga
Kanama
Nzeri
Ukwakira
Ugushyingo
Ukuboza
07 Ukuboza – Umutingito washegeshe Arumeniya uhitana abantu 50.000
1988 |
3457 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/07%20Ukuboza | 07 Ukuboza | 1988 – Umutingito washegeshe Arumeniya uhitana abantu 50.000
Ukuboza |
3458 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Morse | Samuel Morse | Samuel Morse cyangwa Samuel Finley Breese Morse (27 Mata 1791 – 2 Mata 1872). Umuhanga ukomeye cyane mu bumenyi bwa Phyisics/phyisique (ubugenge). Niwe wahimbye International Morse Code yakoreshejwe cyane mu buvumbuzi bwa byinshi mu itumanaho rikoresha Radio, cyane cyane izi za gisirikare. Bimwe mu byo yacukumbuye byifashishijwe mu kuvumbura Telefoni.
Abanyamerika
Abagabo |
3461 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1791 | 1791 | 1791
Gashyantare
Werurwe
Mata
23 Mata – havutse James Buchanan
27 Mata – havutse Samuel Morse
Gicurasi
Kamena
Nyakanga
Kanama
Nzeri
Ukwakira
Ugushyingo
Ukuboza
1791 |
3463 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/27%20Mata | 27 Mata | 27 Mata
Ibihangange byavutse kuri iyi tariki
1791 – havutse Samuel Morse
1822 – havutse Ulysses Simpson Grant
1939 – havutse João Bernardo Vieira
Ibihangange byatabarutse kuri iyi tariki
Mata |
3464 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses%20Simpson%20Grant | Ulysses Simpson Grant | Ulysses Simpson Grant cyangwa Ulysses S. Grant (27 Mata 1822 – 23 Nyakanga 1885), Perezida wa 18 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3466 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Washington | George Washington | George Washington (22 Gashyantare 1732 – 14 Ukuboza 1799), Perezida wa 1 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3467 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Adams | John Adams | John Adams (30 Ukwakira 1735 – 4 Nyakanga 1826), Perezida wa 2 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3468 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson | Thomas Jefferson | Thomas Jefferson (13 Mata 1743 – 4 Nyakanga 1826), Perezida wa 3 wa Leta Zunze
Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3469 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Madison | James Madison | James Madison (16 Werurwe 1751 – 28 Kamena 1836), Perezida wa 4 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3470 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Monroe | James Monroe | James Monroe (28 Mata 1758 – 4 Nyakanga 1831), Perezida wa 5 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3471 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Quincy%20Adams | John Quincy Adams | John Quincy Adams (11 Nyakanga 1767 – 23 Gashyantare 1848), Perezida wa 6 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3472 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Jackson | Andrew Jackson | Andrew Jackson (15 Werurwe 1767 – 8 Kamena 1845), Perezida wa 7 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3473 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Van%20Buren | Martin Van Buren | Martin Van Buren (5 Ukuboza 1782 – 24 Nyakanga 1862), Perezida wa 8 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3474 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Henry%20Harrison | William Henry Harrison | William Henry Harrison (9 Gashyantare 1773 – 4 Mata 1841), Perezida wa 9 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3478 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Tyler | John Tyler | John Tyler (29 Werurwe 1790 – 18 Mutarama 1862), Perezida wa 10 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3479 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Knox%20Polk | James Knox Polk | James Knox Polk (2 Ugushyingo 1795 – 15 Kamena 1849), Perezida wa 11 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3480 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary%20Taylor | Zachary Taylor | Zachary Taylor (24 Ugushyingo 1784 – 9 Nyakanga 1850), Perezida wa 12 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3481 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard%20Fillmore | Millard Fillmore | Millard Fillmore (7 Mutarama 1800 – 8 Werurwe 1874), Perezida wa 13 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3482 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin%20Pierce | Franklin Pierce | Franklin Pierce (23 Ugushyingo 1804 – 8 Ukwakira 1869), Perezida wa 14 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3483 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Buchanan | James Buchanan | James Buchanan (23 Mata 1791 – 1 Kamena 1868), Perezida wa 15 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3484 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%20Lincoln | Abraham Lincoln | Abraham Lincoln (12 Gashyantare 1809 – 15 Mata 1865), Perezida wa 16 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Iri cibwa ry’ubucakara ariko ryahiriye bake, kuko Lincoln yari yasabye ko iryo tegeko ryatangira kubahirizwa ku ya 1 Mutarama 1863, ayo mezi atatu yanyuragamo ngo hagere akaba yarashize benshi bishwe rubi na ba shebuja b’abazungu
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3485 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Johnson | Andrew Johnson | Andrew Johnson (29 Ukuboza 1808 – 31 Nyakanga 1875), Perezida wa 17 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3486 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/23%20Mata | 23 Mata | 23 Mata
Ibihangange byavutse kuri iyi tariki
1791 – havutse James Buchanan
Ibihangange byatabarutse kuri iyi tariki
Mata |
3487 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1822 | 1822 | 1822
Mutarama
Gashyantare
Werurwe
Mata
27 Mata – havutse Samuel Morse
Gicurasi
Kamena
Nyakanga
Kanama
Nzeri
Ukwakira
4 Ukwakira – havutse Rutherford B. Hayes
Ugushyingo
Ukuboza
1822 |
3489 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford%20B.%20Hayes | Rutherford B. Hayes | Rutherford Birchard Hayes (4 Ukwakira 1822 – 17 Mutarama 1893), Perezida wa 19 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3490 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Garfield | James Garfield | James Abram Garfield (19 Ugushyingo 1831 – 19 Nzeri 1881), Perezida wa 20 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3491 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester%20A.%20Arthur | Chester A. Arthur | Chester Alan Arthur (5 Ukwakira 1829 – 18 Ugushyingo 1886), Perezida wa 21 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3492 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover%20Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Stephen Grover Cleveland (18 Werurwe 1837 – 24 Kamena 1908), Perezida wa 22 na 24 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3493 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Harrison | Benjamin Harrison | Benjamin Harrison (20 Kanama 1833 – 13 Werurwe 1901), Perezida wa 23 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3494 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20McKinley | William McKinley | William McKinley (29 Mutarama 1843 – 14 Nzeri 1901), Perezida wa 25 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3495 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Roosevelt | Theodore Roosevelt | Theodore Roosevelt cyangwa Teddy mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza (27 Kanama 1858 – 6 Mutarama 1919), Perezida wa 26 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3496 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Howard%20Taft | William Howard Taft | William Howard Taft (15 Nzeri 1857 – 8 Werurwe 1930), Perezida wa 27 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3497 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow%20Wilson | Woodrow Wilson | Woodrow Wilson (28 Ukuboza 1856 – 3 Gashyantare 1924), Perezida wa 28 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3498 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20G.%20Harding | Warren G. Harding | Warren Gamliel Harding (2 Ugushyingo 1865 – 2 Kanama 1923), Perezida wa 29 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3499 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin%20Coolidge | Calvin Coolidge | John Calvin Coolidge (4 Nyakanga 1872 – 5 Mutarama 1933), Perezida wa 30 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3500 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Hoover | Herbert Hoover | Herbert Hoover (10 Kanama 1874 – 20 Ukwakira 1964), Perezida wa 31 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3501 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin%20Delano%20Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | hello
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (30 Mutarama 1882 – 12 Gashyantare 1945), Perezida wa 32 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3502 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20S.%20Truman | Harry S. Truman | Harry S. Truman (8 Gicurasi 1884 – 26 Ukuboza 1972), Perezida wa 33 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3503 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight%20D.%20Eisenhower | Dwight D. Eisenhower | Dwight D. Eisenhower (14 Ukwakira 1890 – 28 Werurwe 1969), Perezida wa 34 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3504 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20Kennedy | John F. Kennedy | John Fitzgerald Kennedy (29 Gicurasi 1917 – 22 Ugushyingo 1963), Perezida wa 35 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3505 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon%20B.%20Johnson | Lyndon B. Johnson | Lyndon Baines Johnson (27 Kanama 1908 – 22 Mutarama 1973), Perezida wa 36 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3506 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Milhous Nixon (9 Mutarama 1913 – 22 Mata 1994), Perezida wa 37 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3507 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald%20R.%20Ford | Gerald R. Ford | Gerald R. Ford (14 Nyakanga 1913 – 26 Ukuboza 2006), Perezida wa 38 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3508 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Carter | Jimmy Carter | Jimmy Carter (1 Ukwakira 1924 – ), Perezida wa 39 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3509 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Reagan | Ronald Reagan | Ronald Reagan (6 Gashyantare 1911 – 5 Kamena 2004), Perezida wa 40 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3510 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20H.%20W.%20Bush | George H. W. Bush | George H. W. Bush (12 Kamena 1924 – 5 Kamena 2004), Perezida wa 41 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3511 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Clinton | Bill Clinton | Bill Clinton (9 Kanama 1946 – ), Perezida wa 42 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3512 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20W.%20Bush | George W. Bush | George W. Bush (6 Nyakanga 1946 – ), Perezida wa 41 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3513 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaperezida%20ba%20Turukiya | Abaperezida ba Turukiya | Abaperezida ba Turukiya
ca:President de Turquia#Presidents |
3517 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah%20G%C3%BCl | Abdullah Gül | Abdullah Gül (29 Ukwakira 1950 – ), Perezida wa 11 wa Repubulika ya Turukiya n’umunyapolitiki wo mw’Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere. Yavukiye i Kayseri muri Turukiya taliki ya 29 Ukwakira 1950.
Abaperezida ba Turukiya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3518 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut%20%C3%96zal | Turgut Özal | Turgut Özal (13 Ukwakira 1927 – 17 Mata 1993), Perezida wa 9 wa Repubulika ya Turukiya.
Abaperezida ba Turukiya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3519 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa%20Kemal%20Atat%C3%BCrk | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – 10 Ugushyingo 1938), Perezida wa 1 wa Repubulika ya Turukiya.
Abaperezida ba Turukiya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3520 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteko%20Ishinga%20Amategeko%20y%E2%80%99u%20Rwanda | Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda | Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda yagiyeho nyuma y’ibihe by’inzibacyuho, binyuze mu matora yabaye ku itariki ya 29 Nzeri kugeza tariki ya 2 Ukwakira 2003. Yatangiye imirimo yayo ku itariki 10 Ukwakira 2003, nyuma y’irahira ry’abagize imitwe yombi.
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda igizwe n’Imitwe ibiri : Umutwe w’Abadepite na Sena.
Umutwe w’Abadepite ugizwe n’Abadepite 80 bakomoka aha hakurikira :
Abadepite 53 batowe ku rwego rw’Igihugu ;
Makumyabiri na bane (24) b’abagore batorwa n’inzego zihariye, hakurikijwe inzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu;
Abadepite 2 batowe n’Inama y’Igihugu y’Urubyiruko ;
Umudepite 1 watowe n’impuzamashyirahamwe y’abantu bafite ubumuga.
Amakomisiyo
Komisiyo ya Politiki uburinganire
Komisiyo y’Ubukungu na
Komisiyo y’Ubumenyi, Uburezi, Umuco n’Urubyiruko
Komisiyo y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane
Komisiyo y’IImibereho y’Abaturage
Komisiyo y’Umutekano no kurengera Ubusugire bw’Igihugu
Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, Uburenganzira bwa Muntu
Komisiyo y’Ingengo y’Imari n’Umutungo by’Igihugu
Komisiyo y’Ubuhinzi, Ubworozi n’Ibidukikije
Komisiyo y’Umuryango, uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’abagore
Komisiyo y’Imibereho y’Abaturage
Komite ishinzwe imyitwarire n’imyifatire y’Abadepite no guku
Amateka y'Inteko
Mu gihe u Rwanda rwiteguye amatora y’abadepite agiye kuba kuwa mbere tariki ya 16 Nzeri 2013, amwe mu mateka y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda ntajya avugwaho cyane. Aya ni amwe mu mateka twabakusanyirije yaranze iyi nteko muri rusange kuva yabaho kugeza ubu.
Mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoloni, u Rwanda rwagiraga umuco utaragiraga inyandiko, ni ukuvuga ko amateka (amategeko) yafatwaga mu mutwe cyangwa akagirwa akamenyero. Muri icyo gihe nta mategeko yabagaho, ahubwo habagaho amateka yacibwaga (...)
Mu gihe u Rwanda rwiteguye amatora y’abadepite agiye kuba kuwa mbere tariki ya 16 Nzeri 2013, amwe mu mateka y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda ntajya avugwaho cyane. Aya ni amwe mu mateka twabakusanyirije yaranze iyi nteko muri rusange kuva yabaho kugeza ubu.
Mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoloni, u Rwanda rwagiraga umuco utaragiraga inyandiko, ni ukuvuga ko amateka (amategeko) yafatwaga mu mutwe cyangwa akagirwa akamenyero. Muri icyo gihe nta mategeko yabagaho, ahubwo habagaho amateka yacibwaga n’umwami; bakagira bati “Umwami yaciye iteka”.
Amenshi mu mateka yacibwaga, yabaga agendeye ku mitegekere y’umwami wabaga yimye ingoma. Yashoboraga kugirwa inama n’abamwegereye cyangwa abiru, ariko ikigaragara ni uko nta nama yabagaho ngo igiye kwiga ku itegeko ryashyirwaho.
Mu gihe u Rwanda rwahabwaga u Bubiligi ngo burugeze ku bwigenge (Tutelle), rwahise rugendera ku mategeko y’Ababiligi; amwe na mwe yagezwaga mu Rwanda agahindurwa bijyanye n’imibereho n’umuco by’Abanyarwanda, mu gihe hari n’andi yagumaga uko yaje bitewe n’umuyobozi cyangwa umu-administrateur wabaga ariho.
Mu myaka ya 1960 nibwo habaye impinduka mu Rwanda; hajyiyeho Akanama k’igihugu k’u Rwanda na Guverinoma y’agateganyo ku itariki ya 26 Ukwakira 1960. Guverinoma y’U Rwanda ya mbere mu mateka yarwo ikimara gushyirwaho nibwo hahise hategurwa amatora y’abagize inteko ishinga amategeko.
Ku itariki ya 7 Ukuboza 1960 nibwo hafashwe icyemezo ko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda izagirwa n’umutwe umwe ikitwa “Assemblée Legistrative”.
Ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama 1961 nibwo Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yatoye Perezida wa republika, nawe wari ubaye uw’intango mu mateka y’urwa Gasabo.
Ku itariki ya 30 Nyakanga 1961 ya Nteko yitwaga Assemblée Legistrative yahinduye izina, maze yitwa Assemblée Nationale.
Kugeza ubwo iyo nteko yaseswaga ku 5 Nyakanga 1973 ubwo Habyarimana yakoraga kudeta (Coup d’Etat), agahirika Kayibanda, U Rwanda rwari rumaze kugira inteko 3 zari zaratowe ku itariki ya 25 Nzeri 1961, itariki ya 3 Ukwakira 1965 no ku itariki ya 28 Nzeri 1969.
Ubwo hakorwaga amatora ya mbere ku itariki ya 25 Nzeri 1961 mu nteko harimo imyanya 44.
Icyo gihe iyo myanya ikaba yari irimo amashyaka ya Parmehutu ryari rifite imyanya 35, UNAR ifite imyanya 7 na APROSOMA yari ifite imyanya 2.
Naho Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yari yaje gutorwa ku itariki ya 3 Ukwakira 1965, yo ikaba yari irimo imyanya 47 kandi bose ari aba Parmehutu gusa ari naryo ryonyine ryari ryatanze abakandida. Uwo mubare w’abari bagize Inteko Ishinga amategeko ni nawo wagumyeho ku nshuro ya 3 haba amatora mu 1969.
Andi matora y’abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda yagombaga kuba mu 1973, ariko kubera umwuka mubi wa politiki wariho icyo gihe, ntabwo yabaye. Ni nabwo muri uwo mwuka habayemo kudeta ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973.
Juvénal Habyarimana yafashe ubutegetsi ahirika Grégoire Kayibanda.
Iyo kudeta yakurikiwe n’ihagarikwa ry’inzego zose n’iseswa ry’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ari nabwo havukaga Republika ya kabiri.
Iyo republika ya kabiri niyo yashyizeho ikiswe Inama y’igihugu y’amajyambere “Conseil National de Development (CND)“ iyo yo ikaba icyo gihe yari igizwe n’abadepite 64 batowe mu matora yo ku itariki ya 18 Ukuboza 1981 bagatangira imirimo yabo ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1982.
Inama y’igihugu y’amajyambere cyangwa se Inteko yatowe ku itariki ya 26 Ukuboza 1983 igatangira imirimo yayo ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1984, yo yarimo abadepite 70. Icyo gihe Itegeko Nshinga ryagennye manda y’imyaka 5 ari nayo yagendeweho n’Inteko yatowe ku 26 Ukuboza 1988 igatangira imirimo yayo ku 8 Mutarama 1989. Icyo twabibutsa ni uko abari bagize CND (Inama y’igihugu y’amajyambere) bose baturukaga mu ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND.
Itegeko Nshinga rya mbere ry’u Rwanda ryashyizweho ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama 1961, ryaje gusimbuzwa ku itariki ya 24 Ugushyingo 1962. Kuva ryashyirwaho, Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda ryagiye rihindurwa inshuro nyinshi ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Kugeza mu 1978 ryari rimaze guhindurwa inshuro zigera kuri eshanu: nko ku itariki ya 12 Kamena 1962, ku itariki ya 18 Gicurasi 1973 no ku itariki ya 20 Ukuboza 1978.
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Inzibacyuho
Ni imwe mu nzego nkuru z’igihugu zateganyijwe n’amasezerano y’Arusha yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 4 Kanama 1993 hagati ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’ishyaka rya FPR- Inkotanyi.
Ayo masezerano akaba yarahaye iyo Nteko Ishinga Amategeko inshingano zikurikira:
Gushyiraho amategeko
Kumenya no kungenzura ibikorwa bya Guverinoma
Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho yashyizweho ku itariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 1994, irangira muri Kanama 2003.
Inteko y’inzibacyuho ijyaho nyuma ya jenocide ikaba icyo gihe nta bakozi nta n’ibikoresho bihagije yari ifite; byose byari ugushakisha kuko n’ingoro yakoreragamo yari yarasenyutse.
Iyi Nteko yashyizweho hagendeye ku masezerano y’Arusha nk’uko yujujwe ku bireba Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n’itangazo rya FPR Inkotanyi ryo ku itariki ya 17 Nyakanga 1994, hamwe n’amasezerano yo ku itariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 1994 hagati y’imitwe ya politiki ya FRP, MDR, PDC, PSD, PDI, PSR, PL na UDPR yerekeye ishyirwaho ry’inzego z’ubutegetsi z’iguhugu.
Itangira, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho yari igizwe n’abadepite 70 baturuka mu mashyaka ya politiki 8 ataragize uruhare muri genocide yakorewe Abatutsi. Harimo kandi n’abadepite 6 bahagarariye ingabo z’igihugu.
Hakurikijwe ivugururwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga rya Republika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 10 Ugushyingo 2000, umubare w’abadepite waje kwiyongera ugera kuri 74 bitewe n’abadepite 4 bongewemo: 2 bahagarariye urubyiruko na 2 bahagarariye abari n’abategarugori.
Ikijyaho Inteko Ishinga amategeko ikaba yarashyizeho amategeko ahanini yari ajyanye n’igihe igihugu cyarimo cyane cyane agamije kugisana mu buryo bwose: urwego rw’ubukungu, imibereho y’abaturage, politiki, ubutabera n’ibindi.
Naho ibirebana no kumenya no kugenzura ibikorwa bya guverinoma, ibyo bikorwa byatangiye mu 1997 cyane cyane ko n’amategeko abigenga yagoranye gushyirwaho. Bikaba byarasabye ko abahagarariye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n’abahagarariye guverinoma bahura kenshi kugira ngo bashobore kumvikana ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe batabonaga kimwe.
Itegeko ngenga rigena uburyo Inteko Ishinga Amategeko igomba kumenya ikanagenzura imikorere ya guverinoma ryatangajwe ku itariki ya 14 Mata 1997 na Prezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, ashingiye ku bubasha ahabwa n’Itegeko Nshinga mu ngingo yaryo ya 6-d y’amasezerano y’Arusha, mu gice cyerekeye igabana ry’ubutegetsi.
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho kandi yari ifite inshingano zo gutora bamwe mu bayobozi bo mu nzego z’imirimo ya Leta. Ni muri urwo rwego batoye Perezida Paul Kagame bafatanije n’abagize guverinoma ku itariki ya 17 Mata 2000, banatora abandi bayobozi banyuranye barimo Perezida na visi Perezida b’urukiko rw’ikirenga, abakomiseri mu makomisiyo y’igihugu n’abandi.
Ku birebana n’imiterere y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho, icyo gihe yari igizwe n’inzego 5 z’ingenzi, arizo:
Inteko rusange
Biro y’inteko
Inama y’abaperezida b’amakomisiyo
Amakomisiyo ahoraho
Urwego rw’abakozi
Mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho yakoreraga mu bihembwe 3. Buri gihembwe cyagombaga kumara amezi 3 n’ukwezi kw’ikiruhuko. Ariko byagaragaye kenshi ko ibyo biruhuko byajyiye bikoreshwa hatumizwa ibihembwe bidasanzwe kubera imirimo myinshi ijyanye cyane cyane no gutora amategeko.
Kuva mu 1994 kugera 2000 umwaka w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho watangiraga ku itariki 12 Ukuboza bihereye ku itariki yateraniyeho bwa mbere mu gihembwe gisanzwe mu mwaka 1994.
Ariko kugira ngo gahunda z’ibihembwe by’inzibacyuho zihuzwe n’izindi gahunda z’igihugu, itangira ry’umwaka w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho ryaje kwimurirwa ku itariki ya 15 Mutarama, kandi rikanayoborwa na Perezida wa Republika uboneraho no kugeza ku baturarwanda ubutumwa bujyanye na gahunda z’igihugu z’uwo mwaka.
Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho yabayeho kugeza ubwo hajyagaho Inteko noneho yari imaze gutorwa hagendeye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Republika y’u Rwanda kuva mu 1994. Iri tegeko nshinga rikaba ryari ryatowe ku itariki ya 23 Gicurasi 2003 mu matora rusange y’Abanyarwanda bose rikanashyirwaho umukono na Perezida wa Republika ku itariki ya 4 Kanama, ari nabwo ryatangiriraga gukurikizwa.
Inteko Ishinga amategeko nshya yari imaze gushyirwaho n’Itegeko Nshinga yo noneho ikaba yari itandukanye n’izindi nteko zose U Rwanda rwagize, kuko yo yaje igizwe n’imitwe 2 nk’uko byateganywaga muri iryo tegeko nshinga: Hari umutwe w’abadepite n’umutwe w’Abasenateri. Iyi mitwe yombi ikaba ari nayo ikigize Inteko Ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda kugeza ubu. Muri uwo mwaka wa 2003 nibwo bwa mbere mu mateka u Rwanda rwari rugize Inteko Ishinga amategeko igizwe n’imitwe ibiri.
Ibihe u Rwanda rwabayeho nta Nteko Ishinga Amategeko rufite
Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda habaye ibihe bibiri igihugu cyamaze kitaragira Inteko Ishinga amategeko. Inshuro ya mbere yabaye ubwo Habyarimana yakoraga kudeta, maze ahagarika inzego zose zariho kuva ubwo yayikoraga ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza mu 1982, icyo gihe cyose kingana n’imyaka 9 u Rwanda rukaba rwarabagaho nta Nteko Ishinga Amategeko rufite.
Inshuro ya kabiri yabaye kuva tariki 17 Nyakanga 1994 kugeza ku itariki ya 12 Ukuboza muri uwo mwaka n’ubundi.
Kubera iki abantu bakunze kwita Ingoro y’Inteko Ishinga amategeko CND?
Nk’uko twabibonye hejuru, mu 1981 Habyarimana yashyizeho Inama y’Igihugu y’Amajyambere, mu gifaransa ikaba Conseil National de Development, mu magambo ahinnye CND. Inama y’Igihugu y’Amajyambere yakoraga nk’Inteko ishinga amategeko.
CND yakoreraga mu nyubako Urukiko rw’ikirenga na Ministeri y’Ubutabera bikoreramo ubu. Icyo gihe hitwaga Palais de Jeunesse. Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwo icyo gihe ntirwabagaho.
Ingoro y’Inteko Ishinga amategeko yatangiye kubakwa mu 1980, yuzura mu 1989 ari nabwo yatashwe ku mugaragaro; gusa Abadepite bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko bo binjiye gukorera muri iyi ngoro mu ntango za 1990. Ubwo ako kanama CND kimukiraga muri iyi ngoro nibwo rero abantu bakomeje kuhita muri CDN.
Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994 igitangira, ingoro y’Inteko ishinga amategeko yarasenywe. Icyo gihe ingabo za guverinoma ariko cyane cyane abasirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda Perezida Habyarumana bayimisheho ibisasu bya rutura byaturukaga ahanini muri Camp GP (Ikigo cy’abasirikare barinda Perezida).
Iyi ngoro ikaba yararaswaga kuko yari icumbikiye ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi n’abanyapolitiki bahagarariye uwo mutwe bari baraje mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’Arusha yasinyirwaga Arusha muri Tanzaniya.
Kubera ko iyi ngoro yari yangiritse cyane, nyuma ya jenoside Inteko ntiyashoboye kubona aho ikorera byoroshye. Abadepite gusa nibo bakoreraga mu cyumba cy’inteko rusange yabo no mu biro bimwe na bimwe mu gihe iyi ngoro yarimo isanwa.
Sena ikimara kujyaho mu 2003 yabanje gukorera mu nyubako ya Telecom ku Kacyiru kuko Ingoro y’Inteko nyirizina yari ikirimo gusanwa. Sena ikaba yarinjiyemo mu ngoro y’Inteko Ishinga amategeko mu 2005, nyuma y’isanwa ryagoranye.
Imiyoboro
www.parliament.gov.rw
Rwanda |
3521 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igiturukiya | Igiturukiya | Ururimi rwa Igiturukiya cyangwa Igituruki , Ikinyaturukiya (izina mu giturukiya : Türkçe cyangwa Türk dili, Türkiye Türkçesi) ni ururimi rw’abaturukiya na rwa Turukiya na Shipure y’Amajyaruguru. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 tur.
Alfabeti y’ikinyaturukiya
Ikinyaturukiya kigizwe n’inyuguti 29 : a b c ç d e f g ğ h ı i j k l m n o ö p r s ş t u ü v y z
inyajwi 8 : a e ı i o ö u ü
indagi 21 : b c ç d f g ğ h j k l m n p r s ş t v y z
umugereka – ubuke
a / ı / o / u → -lar :
ayak – ayaklar ikirenge – ibirenge
ağaç – ağaçlar igiti – ibiti
taş – taşlar ibuye – amabuye
balık – balıklar ifi – amafi
tavşan – tavşanlar urukwavu – inkwavu
kadın – kadınlar umugore – abagore
kız – kızlar umukobwa – abakobwa
oğlan – oğlanlar umuhungu – abahungu
çocuk – çocuklar umwana – abwana
kol – kollar ukuboko – amaboko
e / i / ö / ü → -ler :
erkek – erkekler umugabo – abagabo
bebek – bebekler uruhinja – impinja
el – eller ikiganza – ibiganza
ev – evler inzu – amazu
diş – dişler iryinyo – amenyo
Amagambo n’interuro mu gituruki
Merhaba – Muraho
Hoş geldin – Murakaza neza
Nasılsın? – Amakuru?
İyiyim – Ni meza
Hangi dilleri konuşabiliyorsun? – Uvuga izihe ndimi?
Biraz Ruandaca konuşabiliyorum – Kinyarwanda cyanje n'igikye
Bilmiyorum – Simbizi
Biliyorum – Ndabizi
Türkçe kitap – Igitabo mu gituruki
Evet – Yego
Hayır – Oya
Ne? – Iki?
Neden? / Niye? / Niçin? – Kuki?
Nasıl? – Bite?
Kim? – Nde?
Kimler? – Bande?
Ne zaman? – Ryali?
çocuk – umwana
çocuğum – umwana wanjye
çocuğun – umwana wawe
çocuğu – umwana we
çocuğumuz – umwana wacu
çocuğunuz – umwana wanyu
çocuğu – umwana wabo
kitap – igitabo
kitabım – igitabo cyanjye
kitabın – igitabo cyawe
kitabı – igitabo cye
kitabımız – igitabo cyacu
kitabınız – igitabo cyanyu
kitabı – igitabo cyabo
inek – inka
ineğim – inka yanjye
ineğin – inka yawe
ineği – inka ye
ineğimiz – inka yacu
ineğiniz – inka yanyu
ineği – inka yabo
Gidiyorum – Ndagenda cyangwa Ngiye
Gidiyorsun – Uragenda cyangwa Ugiye
Gidiyor – Aragenda cyangwa Agiye
Gidiyoruz – Turagenda cyangwa Tugiye
Gidiyorsunuz – Muragenda cyangwa Mugiye
Gidiyorlar – Baragenda cyangwa Bagiye
Yiyorum – Ndarya
Yiyorsun – Urarya
Yiyor – Ararya
Yiyoruz – Turarya
Yiyorsunuz – Murarya
Yiyorlar – Bararya
Imibare
sayı – umubare
sayılar – imibare
bir – rimwe
iki – kabiri
üç – gatatu
dört – kane
beş – gatanu
altı – gatandatu
yedi – karindwi
sekiz – umunani
dokuz – icyenda
on – icumi
on bir – cumi na rimwe
on iki – cumi na kaviri
on üç – cumi na gatatu
on dört – cumi na kane
on beş – cumi na gatanu
on altı – cumi na gatandatu
on yedi – cumi na karindwi
on sekiz – cumi n’umunani
on dokuz – cumi n’icyenda
yirmi – makumyabiri
yirmi bir – makumyabiri na rimwe
yirmi iki – makumyabiri na kaviri
yirmi üç – makumyabiri na gatatu
yirmi dört – makumyabiri na kane
yirmi beş – makumyabiri na gatanu
yirmi altı – makumyabiri na gatandatu
yirmi yedi – makumyabiri na karindwi
yirmi sekiz – makumyabiri n’umunani
yirmi dokuz – makumyabiri n’icyenda
otuz – mirongo itatu
kırk – mirongo ine
elli – mirongo itanu
altmış – mirongo itandatu
yetmiş – mirongo irindwi
seksen – mirongo inani
doksan – mirongo cyenda
yüz – ijana
bin – igihumbi
Wikipediya mu gituruki
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Sayfa
Notes
Imiyoboro
Türk Dil Kurumu (mu gituruki)
Indimi z’ikinyaturukiya
Turukiya
Shipure y’Amajyaruguru |
3522 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteko%20ishinga%20amategeko | Inteko ishinga amategeko | Inteko ishinga amategeko cyangwa Parlement
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Ositaraliya
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Afuganisitani
Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Koreya y'Amajyepfo
Inteko Ishinga amategeko ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'uBusuwisi
Inteko ishinga amategeko y'ubufaransa
Demokarasi |
3529 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noruveje | Noruveje | Noruveje cyangwa Norvege (izina mu kinyanoruveji bokmål : Norge ; izina mu kinyanoruveji nayinorusiki : Noreg) n’igihugu mu Burayi.umurwa mukuru ni oslo.
Muri Noruveje, hari imyaka cumi y’indero y’intango umwana wese ategerezwa kwiga; bisigura yuko ababyeyi bategerezwa kurungika abana babo mu mashure bakanakora kuburyo imyimenyerezo bahawe bayikora. Ishure ritoya n’ishure rikuru ritangura vyigwa kuri gusa, kandi ubutegetsi bw’agace ubamwo buriha ibitabo vy’amashure y’abana.
W’umwana wabo maze bagafata ingingo niba umwana wabo azogira iki Noruveje nk’ururimi rwa mbere canke urwa kabiri. Umunyeshure ashobora guhindura akava mu ki Noruveje nk’ururimi rwa kabiri akaja mu masomo asanzwe akoresha iki Noruveje mu gihe cose azoba yiga.
Ibihugu
Noruveje |
3531 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikinyankore | Ikinyankore | Ikinyankore ni ururimi rw’abanyankore na rw’Uganda. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 nyn.
Abanyankore bita ururimi rwabo Runyankole cyangwa Runyankore.
Mu nyandiko ziza gukurikira hari aho tuza kuvuga ngo ijambo iri n’iri rifitanye isano n’ururimi rw’ikinyankore (abanyankore bita ururimi rwabo urunyankore). Ubundi twagombye kuvuga Runyankore-Rukiga, mu magambo abiri ahujwe n’akarongo gatambitse. Twasanze gukoresha ariya magambo abiri byajijisha kandi icyo tugamije ari ugusobanura ku buryo bwumvikana kuri bose, ntakwibaza ibindi bibazo. Kubafite amatsiko, abakiga bita ururimi rwabo urukiga naho abanyankore bakita ururimi rwabo urunyankore. Izi ndimi zombi rero zirasa cyane, kimwe nk’ikinyarwanda n’ikirundi.
umugereka – ubuke
Omunyankore – Abanyankore Umunyankore – Abanyankore
Omukiga – Abakiga Umukiga – Abakiga
omwami – abaami umwami – abami
omushaija – abashaija umugabo – abagabo
omukazi – abakazi umugore – abagore
omwana – abaana umwana – abwana
ekyenyanja – ebyenyanja ifi – amafi
ekigyere – ebigyere ikirenge – ibirenge
omukono – emikono ukuboko – amaboko (cyangwa ikiganza – ibiganza)
orurimi – endimi ururimi – indimi
Amagambo n’interuro mu kinyankore
Ogume gye (Mugume gye, Musiibe gye) – Mwirirwe (cyangwa Muramuke)
Webare (Yebare [for singular] Mwebare) – Murakoze
amaizi – amazi
caayi – icyayi
Imibare
emwe – rimwe
ibiri – kabiri
ishatu – gatatu
ina – kane
itaano – gatanu
mukaaga – gatandatu
mushanju – karindwi
munaana – umunani
mwenda – icyenda
ikumi – icumi
ikumi n’emwe – cumi na rimwe
(makumi) ebiri – makumyabiri
(makumi) ashatu – mirongo itatu
(makumi) ana – mirongo ine
(makumi) ataano – mirongo itanu
nkaaga – mirongo itandatu
nshanju – mirongo irindwi
kinaana – mirongo inani
kyenda – mirongo cyenda
kikumi – ijana
bibiri – magana abiri
bishatu – magana atatu
bina – magana ane
bitaano – magana atanu
rukaaga – magana atandatu
rushanju – magana arindwi
runaana – magana inani
rwenda – magana cyenda
rukumi – igihumbi
Imiyoboro
https://web.archive.org/web/20121224173351/http://mzunguuganda.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/runyankole-training.pdf
Indimi z’ikibantu |
3534 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikirundi | Ikirundi | Ikirundi ni ururimi rw’Abarundi. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 run. Ikirundi gisa n’Ikinyarwanda, ururimi rw’u Rwanda, n’Igiha, ururimi rwo muri Tanzaniya.
Ikirundi n’Ikinyarwanda
icongereza icyongereza
canke cyangwa
UMURINGA
Imibare
rimwe – rimwe
kabiri – kabiri
gatatu – gatatu
kane – kane
gatanu – gatanu
gatandatu – gatandatu
indwi – karindwi
umunani – umunani
icenda – icyenda
on – cumi
Wikipediya mu kirundi
http://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Indimi z’ikibantu
Burundi |
3535 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igiswahili | Igiswahili | Igiswahili cyangwa Igiswahiri (na igiswayili cyangwa igiswayiri) ni ururimi rwa Kenya, Tanzaniya, Ubugande, Rwanda, Burundi na Zayire. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 swa.
Ururimi rw’igiswahiri ni rumwe mu ruzahuza abaturage benshi batuye mu Bihugu 5 bigeze Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba EAC aribyo u Burundi n’u Rwanda. Nubwo ibyo Bihugu bifite amateka amwe ariko bikaba bitandukanywa n’uburyo byakoronejwe, ibyo bigatuma bivuga indimi zitandukanye cyane cyane icyongereza kivugwa mu Bihugu bitatu byakoronijwe n’abongereza aribyo Uganda, Kenya na Tanzaniya, naho u Burundi n’u Rwanda byakoronijwe n’u Bubiligi bikavuga Igifaransa, usanga ururimi rw’igiswahili ari rwo abaturage benshi abize n’abatize bahuriraho mu buzima bwa buri munsi akaba ari narwo rurimi ruvugwa cyane mu mibanire y’abatuye EAC cyane cyane urwo rurimi rukaba rukoreshwa mu bucuruzi, mu muziki, mu mikino, mu madini n’ahandi, naho igifaransa n’icyongereza bikavugwa mu buzimam mu buyobozi.
Mu rwego mpuzamahanga, Igiswahili gifata intera kirushaho gukoreshwa dore ko ubu kibarirwa mu ndimi zigenda zirushaho kuvugwa n’abantu benshi cyane cyane mu nganda, ubuhahirane n’ubucuruzi.
Izo mpamvu zose nizo zatumye ikinyamakuru Izuba Rirashye ryegereye Abanyarwanda batandukanye mu duce twose tw’Igihugu, mu rwego rwo kumenya uko bafata urwo rurimi n’uruhare babona rwagira mu kuzahuza abatuye EAC, dore ko unasanga Abanyarwanda batari bake bavuga Igiswahili.
Imyandikire y’igiswayire
Igiswayire kigizwe n'inyuguti 24 : a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
inyajwi 5 : a e i o u
ingombajwi 26 : b ch d dh f g gh h j k kh l m n ng’ ny p r s sh t th v w y z
ibihekane : mb mv mw nd ng nj nz
Wikipediya mu giswahili
http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo
Imiyoboro
http://www.izuba.org.rw/index.php?issue=120&article=1725
Indimi z’ikibantu
Kenya
Tanzaniya
Ubugande
Rwanda
Burundi
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo |
3539 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%E2%80%99urukundo%20%28filimi%29 | Ay’urukundo (filimi) | filimi Ay’urukundo
Nk’uko twabitangarijwe na Willy Ndahiro, filimi amosozi y’urukundo yaje kwitwa Ay’urukundo mu minsi mike irerekanwa ku mugaragaro, uyu Willy akaba ariwe wayikoze afatanyije na Stave Ntasi, ni filimi imara isaha n’igice ikaba ivuga inkuru y’umusore wigaga i mahanga waje gukundwa n’umwali bahuriyeyo, umusore ntiyamukunda kubera ingeso zitari nziza uwo mwali yari afite. amasomo arangiye baratashye, umusore abenguka undi mwali wari umunyuze ariko uwo bavanye i mahanga bimutera ishyali rimukoresha ibyaje gutuma akurikiranwa n’ubuyobozi.
Filimi |
3540 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekiriko%20%28filimi%29 | Sekiriko (filimi) | Sekiriko ni filimi nyarwanda ya comedy (zimwe zisetsa abantu), imaze gukorwa na Emma entertainment God with us, ikigkorwa cyo kuyitunganye kikaba cyararangiye kuwa 23 Ugushyingo uyu mwaka.
Filimi |
3541 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machete%20%28filimi%29 | Machete (filimi) | Machete ni imwe muri filimi zitegerejwe cyane, ikaba izagaragara bwa mbere ku ya 3 ugushyingo uyu mwaka turimo. ikaba ari filimi iri gukorwa na Robert Rodriguez afatanije na Ethan Maniquis. bakaba baritabaje Danny Trejo, Michelle Rodriguez na Jessica Alba ku myanya y’ibanze. iyi filimi ikazaba iri mu bwoko bwa Action, ikazaba ifite igihe cy'isaha 1 n’iminota 45, aho izaba ibara inkuru y’imipanga n’umucamanza w’umunya Mexique.
Filimi |
3544 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel%20Rwanda | Hotel Rwanda | Ifilimi « Hôtel Rwanda »
Paul Rusesabagina ni umunyarwanda uvugwa muri Filimi yitwa Hôtel Rwanda aho bavuga ko yagiriye neza impunzi zari zarahungiye muri Hotel yari akuriye yitwa Mille Collines mu gihe cya Jenoside y’Abatutsi muri Mata 1994.
Amakuru dukesha urubuga rwa RNA aravuga ko uyu mugabo wakinnye muri iriya film afite
izina rya Rusesabagina Paul aho yabashije gukiza abantu batagira ingano muri Hôtel des Milles Collines, nkuko bigaragara muri iyo film, azaba ari mu Rwanda kuwa 05/06/2010, akazaba ari ku munsi mpuzamahanga w’ibidukikije.
Tubamenyeshe ko Don Cheadle yavuze hirya no hino ibijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, akanasaba abayobozi b’ibihugu gusinya amasezerano ajyanye no kurwanya ibyuka buhumanya ikirere, aha hakaba ariho Umuryango w’abibumbye wahereye umuha uriya mwanya w’icyubahiro.
Nta gushidikanya ko filimi “Hotel Rwanda” yamenyekanishije jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kurusha uko ibindi bitangazamakuru byo ku isi yose byabikoze. Iyo filimi yakozwe na Hollywood igakinwa n’abakinnyi bakomeye kandi b’ibirangirire, yazengurutse isi, imenyekanisha jenoside.
Mu by’ukuri ni imfashanyigisho iboneye yo kwifashisha mu gutanga amasomo kuri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi isi yose irebereye. Twari twishimiye ko Abanyaburayi, Abanyamerika, Abanyaziya n’Abanyafurika bo mu byiciro binyuranye bose bashaka kumenya jenoside, kwitandukanya n’abakoze icyo cyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu no kumenya ukuntu batereranywe n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga. Twizeraga ko ibi bizatuma ntibizongere ukundi batahwemye gusubiramo nyuma ya jenoside y’Abayahudi, iba ukuri koko.
Iyo filimi ivuga muri make ku mpamvu zateye jenoside, ari ukuvangura no guhindura Abatutsi ba nyirabayazana b’ibibi byose, ibi akaba ari na byo byorohereje Abahutu b’intagondwa gukora jenoside.
Iyo filimi kandi igaragaza ko habayeho Abahutu b’intwari bitandukanyije n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, bakarokora bamwe mu benegihugu b’Abatutsi. Umwe muri abo bantu bavugwa akaba yaba ari Paul Rusesabagina, ugaragazwa nk’intwari muri iyo filimi.
Atangira ingendo ze, Paul Rusesabagina yubahirizaga intego ya filimi, ari yo kumenyekanisha jenoside y’Abatutsi no gutandukanya abajenosideri b’Abahutu n’abandi Banyarwanda ndetse no kwemera intwari, nk’uko Rusesabagina yerekanwa muri iyo filimi. Nyamara, uko yumvaga agenda atumbagira mu ikuzo, Paul Rusesabagina yatangiye gufata undi murongo no kwigisha ibindi bintu bitandukanye n’ubworoherane n’ubwiyunge. Ubwo atangira gukwirakwiza inyigisho zipfobya/zihakana iyo jenoside yakagombye gusobanura.
Uko twagiye dukurikirana ibiganiro bye, twasanze agenda ateshuka cyane ku ntego nkuru ya filimi, ibyo bikaba bishobora gushegesha imitima ya benshi, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko rwari rwaramaze kwishyiramo ko ku isi habonetse intwari nyakuri. Dore zimwe mu ngingo dushaka kugaragaza amazi atari yarenga inkombe.
Umuziki
Imiyoboro
Paul Rusesabagina, Itwari cyangwa umutekamutwe ? Dr Jean Kamanzi, Mutarama 2006
Don Cheadle wakinnye film ‘Hotel Rwanda’ yagizwe ambasaderi wa Loni ushinzwe ibidukikije
Filimi
Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 |
3546 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igiceceni | Igiceceni | Igiceceni (izina mu giceceni: Нохчийн мотт cyangwa Noxçiyn mott) ni ururimi rw’abaceceni na rwa Ceceniya. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 che.
umugereka – ubuke
арц – аьрцнаш umusozi – imisozi
мотт – меттанаш ururimi – indimi
бутт – беттанаш ukwezi – amezi
йоI – мехкарий umukobwa – abakobwa
бож – бежалой ihene – ihene
етт – хьелий inka – inka
Amagambo n’interuro mu giceceni
Муха ду гIуллакхаш? – Amakuru?
Баркалла – Ni meza
ХIаъ – Yego
ХIан-хIа – Oya
Imibare
цхьаъ – rimwe
шиъ – kabiri
кхоъ – gatatu
диъ – kane
пхиъ – gatanu
йалх – gatandatu
ворхI – karindwi
бархI – umunani
исс – icyenda
итт – icumi
Alfabeti y’igiceceni
Wikipediya mu giceceni
https://web.archive.org/web/20130424193228/http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B3I%D0%BE
Indimi z’ikinyakokaze
Ceceniya |
3547 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyabukaziyani | Icyabukaziyani | Abukaziyani (izina mu abukaziyani: аҧсуа бызшәа cyangwa аҧсшәа) ni ururimi rwa Abukaziya na Turukiya.
umugereka – ubuke
-қәа
абыраҟ – абыраҟқәа ibendera – amabendera
аҵла – аҵлақәа igiti – ibiti
аҧсыӡ – аҧсыӡқәа ifi – amafi
ажьа – ажьақәа urukwavu – inkwavu
Imibare
ахыҧхьаӡара – umubare
ахыҧхьаӡарақәа – imibare
акы – rimwe
ҩба – kabiri
хҧа – gatatu
ҧшьба – kane
хуба – gatanu
фба – gatandatu
быжьба – karindwi
ааба – umunani
жәба – icyenda
жәаба – icumi
жәеиза – cumi na rimwe
жәеҩа – cumi na kaviri
жәаха – cumi na gatatu
жәиҧшь – cumi na kane
жәыху – cumi na gatanu
жәаф – cumi na gatandatu
жәибжь – cumi na karindwi
жәаа – cumi n’umunani
зеижә – cumi n’icyenda
ҩажәа – makumyabiri
ҩажәеи акы – makumyabiri na rimwe
ҩажәеи ҩба – makumyabiri na kaviri
ҩажәеи хҧа – makumyabiri na gatatu
ҩажәеи ҧшьба – makumyabiri na kane
ҩажәеи хуба – makumyabiri na gatanu
ҩажәеи фба – makumyabiri na gatandatu
ҩажәеи быжьба – makumyabiri na karindwi
ҩажәеи ааба – makumyabiri n’umunani
ҩажәеи жәба – makumyabiri n’icyenda
ҩажәеи жәаба – mirongo itatu
ҩынҩажәа – mirongo ine
ҩынҩажәа жәаба – mirongo itanu
хынҩажәа – mirongo itandatu
хынҩажәа жәаба – mirongo irindwi
ҧшьынҩажәа – mirongo inani
ҧшьынҩажәа жәаба – mirongo cyenda
шәкы – ijana
зқьы – igihumbi
Alfabeti y’Icyabukaziyani
Wikipediya mu cyabukaziyani
http://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ихадоу_адаҟьа
Indimi z’ikinyakokaze
Abukaziya |
3548 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazina%20nyarwanda | Amazina nyarwanda |
Inyuguti A
Adela;
Abayo;Atete; Abewe – Abijuru; Abera ; Abeza ; Ahoraho; Abamahoro; Abariza, Abayizera; Akiduhaye; Akimana; Akizanye ; Akeza - Abayisenga
Abimana &
,Aganze,Agabe,Ategeke,
,Ahwishakiye
,Amizero, Atone ,Akayisenga, Ahirwe ASIFIWE, Ariho, Aradukunda,Ashimwe, Abeho; Ategeke;Akuzwe; Atsinde,Atuze, Arema,Azabe
Bikorimana== Inyuguti B ==
Bana, Bayihiki –
Bambe –
Batamuriza –
Bazatoha –
Bazimya –
Benda –
Bengeza –
Beraho –
Bicura –
Bigirimana –
Bigwi;
Bihogo –
Bihoyiki –
Binama –
Birasa –
Bisamaza –
Bisangwa –
Biseruka –
Biseseme –
Bucagu –
Bucyana –
Bucyanayandi –
Bugingo –
Bugirande –
Buhigiro –
Bukuba –
Bumari –
Buregeya –
Busanane –
Bushayija –
Busyeti –
Buzizi –
Bwakira –
Bwankoko –
Bwimba –
Bwiza –
Byagutunga –
Byemero –
Byiringiro –
Byukusenge –
Byusa - Bikamba - Banganirora - Bungurubwenge - Bisetsa-
Bagwaneza-
Benimana-
Beza-Butare- Burabyo-Byose - Byirato- Bizumuremyi
Inyuguti C
Candari - Coca - Condo - Cyibukayire - Cyirima - Cyimana - Cyitatire - Cyamatare - Cyusa - Cyuzuzo - Cyogere - Cyomoro- Cyiza - Cyubahiro - Cyizere - Cyimbo - Cyinyambo
Inyuguti D
Dusabane - Dusabe -Duhirwe- Dusengimana - Dushime - Dushimire - Duhirwe - Dukunde - Dufatanye - Dusenge - Duhimana - Dukuze - Duhimbaze - Dukuzimana - Dusabamahoro-Dusenabo
Inyuguti E
Emera - Emerimana- Erura- Eza - Era
Inyuguti F
Fungamuka - Furuma - Furaha - Fulani - Feza - Fungaroho - Fatuma - fufu
Inyuguti G
Ganza - Gwiza - Gashema-Gasigwa -Gatabazi- Gahigi -Gafirita- Gakuba-Gakwaya - Gitwaza - Gatwaza- Giringabo - Giramata (f) - Gasasira - Gasarasi-Gasarabwe - Gore - Gabiro - Gabo
Inyuguti H
Habanabakize,habarurema,
Habinshuti, Habyarimana, Hagenimana, Habimana,
Haguma,Hagumimana,
Hakizabera,Hakizamungu,Hakizimana,Hakorimana,
Harerimana,Havugimana,
Hitimana -Hategekimana Habanabashaka-Hitayezu-Hitiyaremye-Harebamungu-Higiro-Haguminshuti-
Hirwa,Higa, Higaniro, Hakuzimana,
Inyuguti I
Ishyo, Ishimwe,Ikuzo ,Iranzi, Iradukunda,Izabayo, Indebere, Ikuzwe, Impano,Irakoze, Izere, Ineza, Isimbi,Irisa, Iriza, Isaro, isheja,Iriho, Ihimbazwe, Iriho, Izabayo, Imanishimwe, Iranzi, Izibyose, Iyadukunze, Irimaso, Irinatwe,
Ingabire,Ihorere Ishami,Ijabo,Ishya,Inema,Imena, Ingeri,Inganji, Ihoza,Ihumure,Ihogoza,Ingenzi, Intsinzi, Irafasha, Ineza, Irabona, Irambona, Iradukunda, Isingizwe, Iganze, Ihogoza,Irera,Inkindi, Irebe, Ibambe, Igabe, Iganze
Inyuguti J
Jabo – Jambo; Juru; Jabiro; Janja;
Inyuguti K
Kabagambe (m) –
Kabahita (m) –
Kabalisa (m) –
Kabanda (m) –
Kabandahe (m) –
Kabandana (m) –
Kabango (m) –
Kabano (m) –
Kabarira (m) –
Kabatsi (m) –
Kabayita (m) –
Kabayiza (m) –
Kabeja –
Kabengera (m) –
Kabera (m) –
Kabibi (m) –
Kabukwisi (m) –
Kaburame (m) –
Kabuto –
Kadamari (f) –
Kagaba (m) –
Kagabo (m) –
Kagaju (m) –
Kagambage (m) –
Kagame –
Kagame (m) –
Kageruka (m) –
Kageza (m) –
Kagoro (m) –
Kagoyire (m) –
Kagurukiza (m) –
Kagwenyonga (f) –
Kalisa (m) –
Kamabera (f) –
Kamagaju (f) –
Kamali (m) –
Kamanzi (m) –
Kamariza (f) –
Kamasa (m) –
Kamatali (m) –
Kambayire (f)
Kamegeri (m) –
Kamikazi ,Kami(f)(f)
Kamiya (m) –
Kamondo (f) –
Kamongi (m/f) –
Kampayana (m) –
Kampirwa (f) – Kampire(f)
Kampogo (f) –
Kkampororo(f)
Kamugema (m) –
Kamugire (f) –
Kamugunga (m) –
Kamuzinzi (m) –
Kamwenubusa (m) –
Kana (m) –
Kanamugire (m) –
Kanayoge (m) –
Kandagaye (m) –
Kandeke (m) –
Kandenzi (f) –
Kandekwe (m) –
Kangeyo (f) Kangabe(f)–
Kanimba ,(m) –
Kankera (f) –
Kankuyo (f) –
Kankwanzi (f) –
Kanobana (m) –
Kantamati (f) –
Kantengwa (f) –
Kanyamahanga (m) –
Kanyamanza (m) –
Kanyambuga (m) –
Kanyamugenge (m) –
Kanyangira –
Kanyarengwe (m) –
Kanyarutoke (m) –
Kanyemera (m) –
Kanyenzi (m) –
Kanzana (f) –
Kanzayire (Cyanzayire) –
Karamuka(m) –
Karake (m) –
Karama (m) –
Karambizi (m) –
Karangwa (m) –
Karangirwa(m,f)
Karani (m) –
Karege (m) –
Karegeya (m) –
Karekezi (m) –
Karema (m) –
Karemangingo (m) –
Karengera (m) –
Karenzi (m) –
Karenzo (m) –
Karera (m) –
Karikurubu (m) –
Karima (m) –
Karinganire (m) –
Karinijabo (m) –
Karuranga (m) –
Karuretwa (m) –
Karyabwite –
Katabarwa (m) –
Kataka –
Kataramuka (m) –
Kavaruganda(m) –
Kavuna –
Kavuna (n) –
Kavutse (m) –
Kayabo (m) –
Kayibanda (m) –
Kayigi (m) –
Kayigumire (m) –
Kayihunda (m) –
Kayihura (m) –
Kayijamahe (m) –
Kayijuka –
Kayijuka (m) –
Kayinamura –
Kayiranga (m) –
Kayirangwa (f)
Kayirebwa (f) –
Kayishema (m) –
Kayisinga (m/f) –
Kayisingirwa (f)
Kayisire (f) –
Kayitaba (m) –
Kayitakibwa (m) –
Kayitana –
Kayitankore (m) –
Kayitare – Kayiranga(m)Karangwa(m)
Kayitakire
Kayitasire
Kayitesi (f) –
Kayitsinga –
Kayonde (m) –
Kayonga (m) –
Kayumba (m) –
Kibuye (m) –
Kidedeli –
Kimanuka –
Kimenyi (m) –
Kimizi (m) –
Kimonyo (m) –
Kinyoni (m) –
Kirazi (m) –
Kiroha (m) –
Kiromba (m) –
Komeza –
Kurazikubone –
Kwizera KAMANAYO– Karamira, Karasira
Kimuri, Kwihangana ,KAMIRINDI,Kageme, Kalitanyi, Kalisa, Kamariza, Kamikazi,Kawera(f) - Kamana (m)
Inyuguti L
Linguyeneza - Linganw - Liboneye - Lizinde- Liza
Inyuguti M
Mabano (m) –
Mafene (m) –
Maganya (m) –
Magayane(m) –
Mageza (m) –
Makombe (m) –
Makuza (m) –
Mambo (m) - Manzi (m) –
Masabo (m) –
Mashira (m) –
Matabaro (m) –
Matata (m) –
Matene (m) –
Mavugabandi (m) –
Mazimpaka (m) –
Mbanda (m) –
Mbarutso (m) – Mberabahizi
Mbishibishi (m) –
Mbungira (m) –
Mfuruta (m) –
Miburo (m) –
Migabo (m) –
Migezo (m) –
Minega (m) – Mirasano (m); Mirimba (m) –
Miseke (m) –
Mpambara (m) Mpabuka(m) –
Mpitabakana (m) –
Mpogazi (m) –
Muberuka (m) –
Mucumangendo (f) –
Mucyo (f) &Nash;
Mudenge (m) –
Mugabukenga (m) –
Mugabushaka (m) –
Mugarura (m) –
Mugenzi (m) –
Mugemahica (m) –
Mugemana (m) –
Mugemanshuro (m) –
Muhakwa (m) –
Muhigirwa (m) –
Muhikira (m) –
Muhimpundu (f) –
Muhire (m) –
Muhirwa (m) –
Muhongeshanseko (f) –
Muhongerere (f) –
Muhongerwa (f) –
Muhorakeye (f) –
Mujijima (m) –
Mujinya (m) –
Mukabagire (f) –
Mukama (m) –
Mukamisha (f) –
Mukamugema (f) –
Mukamusana (f) –
Mukamusoni (f) –
Mukamuyango (f) –
Mukandamage (f) –
Mukangamije (f) –
Mukansanga (f) –
Mukantagara (f) –
Mukanyangezi (f) –
Mukanyarwaya (f) –
Mukanyemazi (f) –
Mukanyonga (f) –
Mukarage (m) –
Mukaremera (f) –
Mukarutabana (f) –
Mukarutesi (f) –
Mukaruziga (f) –
Mukazayire (f) –
Mukiga (m) –Mukunzi
Mukurira (m) –
Mukuralinda (m) –
Mukwende (m) –
Mukwiye (m) –
Mulenzi (m) –
Mulindabigwi (m) mulindwa –
Munana (m) –
Munanira (m) –
Mundere (m) –
Munyagasheke (m) –
Munyakarambi (m) –
Munyakayanza (m) –
Munyampundu (m) –
Munyandamutsa (m) –
Munyangoga (m) –
Munyangango/Munyengango (m) –
Munyanziza (m) –
Munyaneza (m) –
Munyarigoga (m) –
Munyanyebinja (m) –
Munyentwali (m) –
Munyeragwe (m) –
Munyeshuri (m) –
Munyeshyaka (m) –
Munyeshya (f) –
Munyeyinga (m) –
Munyinya (m) –
Mupagasi (m) Murame (m) –
Murangamirwa (f) –
Murangira (m) –
Murara (m) –
Murasandonyi (m) –
Murekatete (f) –
Murekezi (m) – Murera
Mureramanzi- Murutamanga (m) –
Musafiri (m) –
Musaniwabo (m/f) –
Musabyimana (m) –
Museruka (m) –
Musindi (m) ––
Musinga (m) –
Musomakweli (m) –
Musonera (m) –
Musoni (m) –
Musheshembugu (f) –
Mushonganono (f) –
Mutabagisha (m) –
Mutabaruka (m) –
Mutambarungu (m/f) –
Mutambuka (m) –
Mutamuriza (f) –
Mutagawa (m) –
Mutagisha (m) –
Mutangana (m) –
Mutatsinema (f) –
Mutara (m) –
Muteteri (f) –
Mutegwaraba(f) –
Mutumwambazi (f) –
Mutumwinka (f) –
Mutungirehe (m) –
Muvunyi (m) –
Muyenzi (m) – Muzungu (f,m)
Mwemezi (m) –
Mwerekande (m) –
Mwiza (f) –
Mbonyebyombi(M) –
Munyabarenzi –
Mihigo –
Manzi –
Mahoro –
Mugwaneza –
Marara –
Maniraho –
Muhawenayo –
Mugenga –
Muheto;
Musumbakazi;
Munyana;
Musindarwejo;
Murasira;
Murebwanayo;
Mushikiwabo;
Muzirankoni;
Inyuguti N
Nakure –
Naho (m) –
Nayigiziki (m) –
Ncamihigo (m) Ncogoza (m) –
Ndabakenga (m) –
Ndabambalire (f) –
Ndagije (m) –
Ndagijimana (m) –
Ndahindurwa (m) –
Ndahiro (m) –
Ndakaza (m) –
Ndakorerwa (m) –
Ndamage (m) –
Ndangamyambi (m) –
Ndanguza (m) –
Ndateba (m) –
Ndayambaje (m) –
Ndayisenga (m) –
Ndayitabi (m) –
Ndayizigiye (m) –
Ndekezi (m) –
Ndengejeho (m) – Ndikumwenayo (m)
Ndimbati (m) –
Ndimukaga (m) –
Ndimurwango (m) –
Ndinda (m) –
Ndizeye (m) –
Ndongo (m) – Ndongozi (m) -
Ndori (m) - Ndoli (m) – Ndorimana(m) - Ndorindagiye -
Ndungutse (m) –
Ngabo (m) –
Ngabonzima (m) – Ngabonziza-
Ngaboyisonga (m) –
Ngamije (m) –
Ngango (m)- Ngarama (m) –
Ngarambe (m) –
Ngarure (m) –
Ngegera (m) –
Ngendandumwe (m) –
Ngirabakunzi (m) –
Ngiruwonsanga (m) –
Ngoga (m) –
Ngomanzungu (m) –
Ngurumbe (m) –
Ni(yi)bizi (m) –
Ni(yi)shaka (m) –
Niyitegeka (m) –
Nibishaka (m) –
Nicyolibera (m) –
Nijimbere (m) –
Nikwigize (m) –
Niyo (u) – Niyigena-
Niyonzima (m) –
Nkangabeshi(m) –
Nkangabarashi(m)
Nkera (m) –
Nkerabera (m) –
Nkerabigwi (m) –
Nkeragasani (m) –
Nkeragusenga (m) –
Nkeragutabara (m) –
Nkerahayo (m) –
Nkeramahame (m) –
Nkeramigambi (m) –
Nkeramihigo (m) –
Nkeramugaba (m) –
Nkerarugira (m) –
Nkeratabaro (m) –
Nkezabera (m) –
Nkomati (m) –
Nkongori (m) –
Nkoronko (m) –
Nkotanyi (m) –
Nkubiri (m) –
Nkubito (m) –
Nkundabakize (m) –
Nkuranga (m) –
Nkurunziza (m) –
Nkusi (m) –
Nsabimana (m) –
Nsanzabaganwa (m) –
Nsanzabera (m) –
Nsanze (m) –
Nsanzurwimo (m) –
Nsekalije (m) –
Nsenga (m) –
Ntigura
Nsengimana (m) –
Nsengiyumva (m) –
Nshogozabahizi (m) –
Nshuti (m) –
Ntabahwana (m) –
Ntabomvura (m) –
Ntabyera (m) –
Ntaganda –
Ntaganda (m) –
Ntagara (m) –
Ntagugura (m) –
Ntahobari (m) –
Ntakamaro (m) –
Ntakavuro (m) –
Ntamabyariro (m) –
Ntamahungiro (m) –
Ntamakemwa (m) –
Ntamavukiro (m) –
Ntambabazi (m/f) –
Ntambara (m) –
Ntampuhwe (m) –
Ntandayera (m) –
Ntango (m) –
Ntashamaje (m/f) –
Ntawe (m) - Ntazinda (m) –
Nteturuye (m) –
Nteziryayo (m) –
Ntibenda (m) –
Ntibitangira (f) –
Ntibihangana (m) –
Ntidendereza (m) –
Ntigashira (m) –
Ntijyinama (m) –
Ntilihera (m) –
Ntirushwa (m) –
Ntukamazina (m) –
Ntukanyagwe (m) –
Ntuyahaga (m) –
Nyabagabo (m) –
Nyabunyana (f) –
Nyabyenda (m) –
Nyagahakwa (m) –
Nyagakecuru (f) –
Nyagasaza(m) –
Nyagatare (m) –
Nyagisaza (m) –
Nyakabwa (m) –
Nyakarashi (m) –
Nyakazungu (m) –
Nyamacumu (m) –
Nyamadigi (m) –
Nyambo (f) –
Nyaminani (m) –
Nyampame –
Nyampinga (f) –
Nyamubi (m) –
Nyamucenshera (m) –
Nyamutezi (m) –
Nyamwasa –
Nyandwi (m) –
Nyanebyiri (m) –
Nyangezi –
Nyanzira (m) –
Nyaritwa (m) –
Nyatanyi (m)- Nyarwa(m)–
Nyemazi (m) –
Nyetera (m) –
Nyinawisugi(f) –
Nyinawumuntu(f) –
Nyirabaritonda(f) –
Nyirabundibundi (f) –
Nyirahuku (f/m) –
Nyirahwandari (f) –
Nyirahwehwe (f) –
Nyirakigeri (f) –
Nyirakigwene (f) –
Nyiramashashi (f) –
Nyiramavugo (f) –
Nyiramongi (f) –
Nyiramugwahashashe (f) –
Nyiramugwera (f) –
Nyirankera (f) –
Nyirankomo (f) –
Nyirantamati (f) –
Nyirawera (f) –
Nyirayuhi (f) –
Nyirimbirima (f) –
Nyiriminega (f) –
Nyirimiringa (f) –
Nyirindekwe (m) –
Nyiringabo (m) –
Nyiringango (m) –
Nyiringondo –
Nyiringondo (m) –
Nyirinkindi (m) –
Nyirinkwaya (m) –
Nzabamwita –
Nzabanita –
Nzabonariba (m) –
Nzabonimana –
Nzamba (m) –
Nzamwita (m) –
Nzanana (m) –
Nzaramba (m) –
Nzarubara (m) –
Nzayihorana (m) –
Nzigamasabo (m) –
Nzigira (m) –
Nzira (m) –
Nziraguseswa (m) –
Nzirorera (m) –Nzayisenga - Ntawumenya - Nziza (m)
Inyuguti O
Ongera – Ohereza – Ogezwa
Inyuguti R
Rama
Rangira (m) –
Rebero (m) –
Rekeraho (m) –
Rema
Ribakare (m) –
Ribanje (m) –
Ribarabaje (m) –
Ribaye (m) –
Ringuyeneza (m) –
Rinigumugabo (m) –
Rizinde –
Rizinde (m) –
Rubaduka (m) –
Rubagenga (m) –
Rubagumya (m) –
Rubambura (m)
Rubanda (m) –
Rubangisa (m) –
Rubangura (m) –
Rubashamuheto (m) –
Rubayiza –
Ruberanziza (m) –
Ruberwa (m) –
Rubibi (m) –
Ruboneka (m) –
Rubuye (m) –
Rucekeri (m) –
Rucinya (m) –
Rucogoza (m) –
Rudacogora (m) –
Rudahigwa (m) –
Rudakemwa (m) –
Rudasingwa (m) –
Rudasumbwa (m) – by
Rudatsikira (m) –
Rufagari (m) –
Rufali (m) –
Rufuku (m) –
Rugamba (m) –
Rugege (m) –
Rugemintwaza (m) –
Rugerimisare (m) –
Rugerinyange (m) –
Rugero (both);
Rugina (m) –
Rugira (m) –
Rugiramasasu (m) –
Rugoboka (m) –
Rugomwa (m) –
Rugumire (m) –
Ruhabura (m);
Ruhama (m)-
Ruhamiliza (m) –
Ruhamya(m)-Ruhamyambuga (m) –
Ruhamyandekwe (m) –
Ruhanika (m) –
Ruhashya (m) –
Ruhinankiko (m) –
Ruhorahoza –
Ruhorahoza (m) –
Ruhumuliza (m) –
Rujindiri (m) –
Rugandura(m) –
Rukabu (m) –
Rukara (m) –
Rukeba (m) –
Rukebesha (m) –
Rukemampunzi –
Rukeribuga (m) –
Rukikamoso (m) –
Rukimirana (m) –
Rulinda (m) –
Rumanyinka (m) –
Rumiya (m) –
Runuya (m) &ndash
Rupali (m) –
Rurangirwa (m) –
Ruremesha (m) –
Ruribikiye (m) –
Rusagara (m) –
Rusangwa (m) –
Rusatsi (m) –
Rushemeza (m) –
Rushingabigwi (m) –
Rushonda (m) –
Rusiha (m) –
Rutagarama (m) –
Rutagayisasa (m) –
Rutagengwa (m) –
Rutagiragahu (m) –
Rutanga (m) –
Rutaremara (m) –
Rutarindwa (m) –
Rutayisire (m) –
Rutebuka (m) –
Rutegamihigo (m) –
Rutegera (m) –
Rutenderi (m) –
Ruterandongozi (m) –
Ruti (m) –
Rutinywa (m) –
Rutirwicyugu (m) –
Rutiyomba (m) –
Rutsindintwarane (m) – Rugwiro(m)
Rutsinga –
Ruvunantwali (m) –
Ruvusha (m) –
Ruzibiza (m) –
Ruzindana –
Ruzindana (m) –
Rwabigwi (m) –
Rwabugiri –
Rwabugiri (m) –
Rwabukumba –
Rwabukwisi (m) –
Rwabutogo –
Rwabutogo (m) –
Rwabyuma (m) –
Rwagafirita (m) –
Rwagaju (m) –
Rwagasana (m) –
Rwagasore (m) –
Rwagatare (m) –
Rwajekuruha (m) –
Rwakayiru (m) –
Rwakigarama (m) –
Rwalinda (m) – r
Rwamakuba (m) –
Rwamasirabo (m) –
Rwampungu –
Rwamu (m) –
Rwamuhizi (m) –
Rwamulinda (m) –
Rwamuningi –
Rwamurindi –
Rwangombwa (m) –
Rwanyagasore (m) –
Rwasa (m) –
Rwasamanzi (m) –
Rwasibo (m) –
Rwasubutare (m) –
Rwego (m) –
Rwema (m) –
Rwemalika (m) –
Rwibutso (m );
Rwidegembya (m) –
Rwigema –
Rwigema (m) –
Rwigemera –
Rwigemera (m) –
Rwirungu (m) –
Rwitsibagura (m) – rrr
Rwiyamirira (m) –
Rwogera (m) –
Rwubahuka (m) –
Rwubusisi –
Rwubusisi (m) –
Ryabonyende (m) –
Ryamukuru (m) –
Ryangombe (m) –
Ryumugabe (m) –
Ruzagiriza (m) –
Rusengamihigo (m) –
Ruzibiza (m) – Rwamamara- Rutagarama; Rumuri Rwamanywa
Inyuguti S
Sano - Sakindi –
Sendashonga – semaramba
Semugeshi –
Serundari –
Sekabanza –
Simburudari –
Sakindi (m) –
Samukondo (m) –
Samvura (m) –
Sangwa (m) –
Saro (f) –
Sayinzoga (m) –
Sebatigita (m) –
Sebera (m) –
Sebununguri (m) –
Seburikoko (m) –
Sebuto (m) –
Secyavu (m) –
Secyugu (m) –
Sedogo (m) –
Sefuku (m) –
Sekanyambo (m) –
Sekagirima (Sekagilima) (m)
Sekida (m) –
Sekinanka (m) –
Semahe (m) –
Semajege (m) –
Semavenge (m) –
Seminega (m) –
Semuhanuka (m) –
Semukanya (m) –
Sendagari (m) –
Sendarasi (m) –
Sendashonga (m) –
Sendinga (m) –
Sengoro (m) –
Senguge (m) –
Sentabyo (m) –
Sentashya (m) –
Senteteri (m) –
Senyabuzana (m) –
Senyamadari (m) –
Senyamibwa (m) –
Senyana (m) –
Senyanzobe (m) –
Senyombyi (m) –
Serubuga (m) –
Serudonyori (m) –
Serugarukiramfizi (m) –
Serukenyinkware (m) –
Seruvumba (m) –
Sesonga (m) –
Setukuru (m) –
Sezibera (m) –
Sezirahiga (m) –Shami (m)
Simbiyara (m) –
Sindayigaya (m) –
Sindikubwabo (m) –
Singirankabo (m) –
Sisi (m) –
Sibo (m)–
Siridiyo (m)–
Sindikubwabo (m)–
Siboyintore (m)–
Simbizi (m)–
Subika (m) –
Sunzu (m) –
Shami(m)-
Shamukiga (m) –
Sharangabo (m) –
Shumbusho (m) –
Sheja (m)-
Shema (m) –
Shenge(f)-
Shumbusho (m) –
Shyaka (m) –
Shyerezo (m) –
Shyirambere (m) – Shamika (f)-Songa (m)-Sangano (m)
Inyuguti T
Tegera - Tumwizere -Twagirayezu - Twagirumukiza - Twagirimana - Twahirwa - Twambaze - Tumushime - Tuyirate - Tuyisenge - Tuyishime - Turabumukiza-(f) - Teta - Tuyisabe
Twamugize- Twayigize- Tuganimana- Tuyiringire- Tabaro- Tegibanze- Twizeyimana-Tetero
Inyuguti U
Udahemuka (m) – Ufitinema (f)-
Ugirimfura (m) –
Ukobizaba (m) –
Umuberwa (f) – Umukumburwa(f)
Umugaba (f) –
Umugwaneza (f) – Umuhire ( f)
Umulisa (f) –
Umutangampundu (f) –
Umutesi (f) –
Unyuzimfura (m) –
Uramukiwe (m) – Uwumugisha (f)
Urayeneza (m) –
Urujeni (f) –
Ushizimpumu (f) –
Uwabandi (f) –
Uwajeneza (u) –
Uwamahoro (f) –
Uwanyirigira (f) –
Uwashema (f);
Uwayo (u) –
Uwibambe (f/m) –
Uwihanganye (m) –
Uwingabire (f) –
Uwishema (m) –
Uwitonze-(f)Umutoniwase (f) Umutoniwabo (f) –
Uwonizeye (f) –
Umubyeyi (f) –
Umurungi (f) –
Uwizeye –
Usanase –
Uwimpundu –
Ufitinema –
Uwamaliya (f) –
Umumararungu (f) –
Uwantege (f)
Uwisheja (f) –
Uwimana (m/f) –
Uwihirwe (f) –
Uwera (f) –
Uwankana –
Uwayo_Uwingoma
Uwabera(m); Umwizawase(f); Uwanjye (f); Uwanyuzimana (f)
Inyuguti V
Vuguziga, Vuningoma, Vamubanzi
Inyuguti W
Witonze, Wibabara(f); Wihogora (f)
Inyuguti Y
Yankurije (f), Yaratubabariye (g); Yankomeje (f); Yirirwahandi (g)
Inyuguti Z
Ziraje (f) ; Zaninka (f); Zuba (f); zirikana (f); Zigiranyirazo
Imiyoboro
Urwandanames.n.nu
Kinyarwanda
Amakisitu |
3549 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre%20Kimenyi | Alexandre Kimenyi | Dr. Alexandre Kimenyi avuka i Rwanda. Ni umwe mu bagize amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri makuru mu gihe cye. Mu mwaka w’1971 nibwo yagiye kwiga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ntiyabashije kugaruka mu Rwanda, bityo n’abo yahasize ntibongeye guhura nawe ukundi, benshi muri bo bahitanywe na Jenoside. Yaje kubona ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika, akomerezayo imirimo ye nk’umwarimu w’indimi n’Ubuvanganzo.
Mu buzima bwe, yafashe umwanya munini wo gutekereza, kwiga no gukora ubushakashatsi ku mahano n’ubugome ndengakamere ikiremwamuntu kigirira ikindi hirya no hino ku isi. Yatangiye no gutegura inyigisho (courses/lectures) zibyerekeyeho. Yanyuze mu nzira z’inzitane kugira ngo abashe kurangiza amashuri ye nk’uko yabyifuzaga.
Imiyoboro
Uwo mudahuje ibitekerezo si umwanzi, mutege ugutwi- Umurage dusigiwe na Prof KIMENYI
Abanyepolitiki
Abanyarwanda
Abagabo |
3552 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikimokisha | Ikimokisha | Ikimokisha (izina mu kimokisha: мокшень кяль cyangwa mokshanj kälj ) ni ururimi rw’abamokisha na rwa Morodoviya. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 mdf.
Alfabeti y’ikimokisha
Ikimokisha kigizwe n’inyuguti 33 : а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
umugereka – ubuke
ляй – ляйхть uruzi – inzuzi
кал – калхт ifi – amafi
кяль – кяльхне ururimi – indimi
пине – пинет imbwe – imbwe
нармонь – нармоттне inyoni – inyoni
Amagambo n'interuro mu kimokisha
Кода тонь лемце? – Witwa nde?
Монь лемозе ... – Nitwa ...
Пара азан – Murakoze
Пара – Meza
Ина / Эле – Yego
Аш – Oya
аля – umugabo
ава – umugore
лем – izina
куд – inzu
лофца – amata
акша – umweru
Imibare
фкя – rimwe
кафта – kabiri
колма – gatatu
ниле – kane
вете – gatanu
кота – gatandatu
сисем – karindwi
кафкса – umunani
вейхкса – icyenda
кемонь – icumi
Wikipediya mu kimokisha
http://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Пря_лопа
Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya
Morodoviya |
3553 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuvugizi%20%28ikinyamakuru%29 | Umuvugizi (ikinyamakuru) | Umuvugizi: The Voice of Rwanda
Umuvugizi is a Rwandan satiric news source. It is a Kinyarwanda bi-monthly newspaper and instant publishing website in both Kinyarwanda and English featuring satirical and sensational articles almost exclusively on political issues and events in Rwanda. Umuvugizi started as a highly critical newspaper but became increasingly erratic and satirical against the Rwandan government, its leadership and the president.
Together with its sister newspaper, Umuseso, the main focus of their articles was that there was going to be another genocide soon, that Rwanda was undermining the security of its neighbours, that military coups in the country were eminent and so on. It was temporarily suspended in 2010 by the Rwandan Media High Council for "inciting public disorder" and defamation in breach of the media law, and its editor was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison by the Supreme Court on the same charges.
Since last year (2010) Umuvugizi publishes its satirical articles mostly on its website and its English page started in June 2011. Umuvugizi articles mix both fictional, imagined and real events in and about Rwanda or any world news and information and uses them to justify its claims about leadership failure in the country, conspiracies about leadership corruption, murders and attempted murders by the country's political and military leadership, calls for civil war to change the regime, instilling fear among its readers encouraging Rwandans to flee the country, dissuading Rwandan refugees from returning to their country especially those who live in Europe and the USA etc.
It prefaces all its articles as information from "credible sources". It has recently started to post fictional audio recordings on its website about assassination attempts by the government against its opponents and claims it sources the audio records and other stories from anonymous Rwandan "intelligence agents" and other sources it always does not name "for security reasons."
Umuvugizi articles capitalise on "analysis" - explaining and predicting news and events in Rwanda and never revisits its false claims when the events it tries to link to each other later prove untrue as is always the case. The reach of its current readership is not known, but the news source is ALWAYS critical of the Rwandan government and ALWAYS promotes the views and agenda of foreign and local critics, opposition groups and individuals against Rwanda, and most especially its leadership and politics.
It is also not known if its Rwandan and foreign readership are aware of its highly satirical nature that is saturated with overt elements of rogue political mobilisation. |
3554 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingagi%20zo%20mu%20birunga | Ingagi zo mu birunga |
Intangiriro
Ingagi zo mu birunga cyangwa Ingagi zo mu misozi, Ingagi zo mu misozi miremire (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini: Gorilla beringei beringei), ni bumwe mu bwoko bw’inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi.
Ibarura ry'ingagi
Ubu habarwa ingagi zo mu birunga zigera kuri 720 ku isi yose, kandi zose ziherere mu majyaruguru y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda, mu majyepfo ya Uganda ndetse no mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Muri iyo Pariki kandi harimo andi moko y’ibinyabuzima gakondo n’andi arinzwe mu rwego rw’amasezerano mpuzamahanga abuza ubucuruzi bw’amoko y’ibinyabuzima biri hafi gucika burundu (CITES).
Ingangi zabazwe ni izo muri Pariki eshatu arizo: pariki y’Ibirunga y’u Rwanda, Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo na Parc National des Gorilles de Mgahinga yo muri Uganda. Nyamara hari izindi ziri mu ishymba ry’inzitane rya Bwindi rya Pariki y’igihugu cya Uganda.
Abayobozi kandi basobobanuye ko iri barurwa ryakozwe mu rwego rwo kumenya uko ibintu byifashe ndetse no kureba uko ingagi zimerewe. Ibyavuye mu ibarura bikaba ari bumwe mu bushakashatsi bukomeye buzaba buhari bwerekana ubuzima bw’izi ngagi ndetse n’uko zibanyeho mu miryango yazo.
Ibarura ryakozwe mu Birunga kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata uyu mwaka, ryerekanye ko umubare w’ingagi wiyongereyeho 26,3% mu myaka irindwi ishize. Ni ukuvuga ko zagiye ziyongeraho 3,7% buri mwaka.
Iri barura ryasanze hari ingagi zo mu misozi 480 ziri mu miryango 36 hamwe n’izindi ngabo 14 zigiye zibana. Ibarura ryaherukaga kuba muri 2003, ryari ryabonye ingagi 380.
Kugeza kuri uyu munsi, ushyizemo n’ingagi 302 zari zabazwe muri 2006 mu ishyamba rya Bwindi n’zindi enye zabuze ababyeyi zikaba zirererwa mu kigo cyo muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, umubare w’ingagi zo mu misozi zizwi ku isi ni 786.
Ingagi zo mu Birunga, zagiye zibasirwa n’intambara zo mu Karere n’ubushimusi mu myaka ishize, zamenyekanye cyane kubera nyakwigendera Dian Fossey, zikaba ari kimwe mu bintu bikururura ba mukerarugendo benshi mu Karere.
Mu ishyamba ry’ibimera byiza cyane biri mu birunga bigabanya u Rwanda na Uganda niho habarizwa ingagi zo mu birunga zikunda gusurwa cyane ku isi. Iyi pariki ifite ubwoko bw’ingagi nyakwigendera Dian Fossey yapfuye agerageza kurwana ku buzima bwazo. Ingagi zo mu birunga zisigaye zigera kuri 355, kandi ibimera bihora bitoshye nibyo bituma zidakomeza gucika ku isi.
Iyi pariki igizwe n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibimera , aho usanga hari ishyamba ry’ibimera bito ndetse harimo n’ibiti binini bitandukanye bibereye ijisho.
Ingagi zo mu birunga nk’ubundi bwoko bw’inguge, ziba mu mashyamba agwamo cyane imvura. Kereka impundu (chimpanzé) nizo zishobora gutura mu bice bya savannah (ubutaka buriho ibimera bigufi kandi imvura idakunda kugwaho cyane).
Ingagi zibaho zimuka buri gihe kuko zicumbika ahantu zibasha kubona ibyo kurya. Ahanini zirya ibimera kandi zikabirya ari byinshi. Ingagi zigira amenyo ameze nk’aya'abantu, niyo mpamvu zishobora gukanja ibyatsi byinshi. Ingagi z’ingabo zikuze zigira amenyo manini zikoresha iyo ziri kurwana na zigenzi zazo .
Iyi nkongi yibasiye iki gice cy’ishyamba yatangiye kuwa gatandatu nk’uko bitangazwa n’ibiro ntaramakuru by’u Rwanda ngo nta kintu kizwi neza kuba cyarateye iyi nkongi ariko ngo bishoboka kuba ari abavumvu bateye iyi nkongi ariko ngo nta numwe uratabwa muri yombi. Ibindi byerekana ko iyi nkongi yatewe n’uko ari ikirere cyateye iyi nkongi kuko hari hari ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Mu mwaka wa 1978 nibwo umushinga gorille des Montagnes watangiye, maze ingagi zo mu birunga ziherereye mu gice cy’u Rwanda zitangira kumenyerezwa gusurwa naba mukerarugendo.Kuva 1973 kugeza 1989,umubare w’ingagi zo mu birunga wariyongereye ziva kuri 261 zigera kuri 324. Abantu bamwe bakeka ko ubukerarugendo bwaba bwaragize uruhare muri uku kwiyongera kw'ingagi.
Notes
Inyamabere |
3558 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingagi%20zo%20mu%20burengerazuba | Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba | Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini: Gorilla gorilla)
Inyamabere |
3561 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariki%20y%E2%80%99Ibirunga%20ya%20Repubulika%20Iharanira%20Demokarasi%20ya%20Kongo | Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo | Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo
Pariki Nasiyonali
Ubukerarugendo
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo |
3562 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariko%20Polo | Mariko Polo | Ubwo Mariko Polo (1254 – 8 Mutarama 1324) yari agarutse mu mugi yari atuyemo wa Venice (soma Venise) nyuma y’imyaka myinshi yari amaze mu Burasirazuba, incuti ze zatekereje ko ingendo ze ndende zatumye aba umusazi. Yababwiye ibitekerezo batashoboye kwizera.
Mariko yari yanyuze mu mugi wuzuyemo ifeza n’izahabu. Yari yarabonye amabuye y’umukara ashya, nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze yumva iby’amahindure yaka mu birunga. Yari yarabonye umwenda udashya n’ubwo wawujugunya mu muriro, nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze yumva ibya bene iyo myenda bita abestos. Yavuze ibyerekeye ibiyoka binini bifite uburebure bwa metero icumi bifite inzasaya nini cyane ku buryo zishobora kumira umuntu, amatunda afite ubunini bungana n’umutwe w’umuntu kandi akagira imbere hererana nk’amata, n’ibintu bitemba biva mu butaka bishobora gutuma amatara yaka. Nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze abona ingona zo mu ruzi, amatunda y’ibiti bya koko (noix de coco), cyangwa peteroli. Baramusetse ubwo bumvaga ibyo bitekerezo. Hashize iminsi myinshi ubwo Mariko yari aryamye agiye gupfa, umwe mu ncuti ze utaravugaga rumwe na we wari hafi y’aho yari aryamye yamubwiye kwivuguruza akabwira abari aho ko ibitekerezo yababwiye byose byari ibinyoma.
Abagabo |
3565 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gucura%20k%E2%80%99umugore | Gucura k’umugore | Gucura k’umugore ni igihe umugore ageze aho atakigira imisemburo mu mubiri we ituma intanga zidakorwa n’umubiri we akaba atashobora gusama.
Ni ibintu bisanzwe, biba k’umugore iyo atangiye kugeza mu myaka ya za mirongo itanu.
Akenshi igihe kiringaniye cyo gucura k’umugore kiba hagati y’imyaka 45 n’imyaka 55. Bavuga ko umugore yacuze kare iyo acuze mbere y’imyaka mirongo ine bakanavuga ko yacuze atinze iyo bibaye arengeje imyaka mirongo itanu n’itanu.
Ugucura k’umugore bibanzirizwa no kubura imihango rimwe na rimwe cyangwa ntizire igihe kubera ikibazo cy’umusemburo wa progesterone udahagije.
Nyuma umugore atangira kuva buhoro buhoro no kubura imihango igihe kirekire.
Bimwe mu bimenyetso biboneka ku bagore bari gucura: Kumva ufite icyunzwe mu mubiri (67 %). Kubira ibyuya cyane (31 %). Kutabona ibitotsi (26 %). Kugira umushiha (depression) 38,5 %. Kugabanuka kw’inda ibyara (atrophie vaginale) (20 %). Gucika intege (18, 5%). Kuribwa umutwe (11 %). Guhindurwa kw’imisatsi (6,5 %). Guta ibiro (7 %). Guhinduka kw’agatuza (5,5 %)
Nkuko bisobanurwa mu bitabo byinshi, ugucura kujyana na bimwe muri ibi bikurikira :
Umuryango umuntu akomokamo (hérédité) : umugore n’umwana we w’umukobwa bacura hafi ku myaka imwe.
Ubwoko ,ikirere kiranga aho umuntu atuye (le climat) n’imibereho ye (conditions socio-économiques).
Kunywa itabi bituma gucura biba hafi amezi 18 mbere y’igihe cyari giteganyijwe.
Icyitonderwa
Igihe umwana w’umukobwa atangira kujya mu mihango, umubare w’inda cyangwa gukoresha uburyo buringaniza urubyaro nta ruhare bifite ku gihe cyo gucura.
Ingaruka
Kurwaragurika bikunda kuba iyo umugore yacuze, akenshi biba bijyanye n’ibimenyetso byayo n’izindi ndwara zijyanye n’izabukuru.
Kurwaragurika no gupfa bitewe n’indwara z’umutima biba bike k’umugore ugereranyije n’umugabo ariko bikiyongera iyo umugore yacuze.
Koroha kw’amagufa bigenda byiyongera hamwe no gusaza iyo umugore acuze. Niyo mpamvu abagore bacuze bakunda kugira imvune y’amagufa.
Gucura k’umugore na Kanseri
80 ku ijana (80%) y’abagore bacuze bavuga yuko bumva hari icyahindutse mu magara yabo mu mwaka wa mbere bacuze ariko ingaruka zikomeye zitangira kuboneka mu myaka icumi umugore yarabuze imisemburo. Gucura kw’umugore na kanseri
Mu bihugu byose, kuboneka kw’ama kanseri y’ibere n’izindi zo mu myanya ndangagistina ku mugore byiyongera hamwe n’imyaka kandi bikarushaho iyo umugore yacuze.
Kanseri y’ibere ikunda kuboneka mu myaka hagati ya 45-50 na 65-70. Iboneka ku bagore batangiye imihango bakiri bato cyane,ku bagore bacuze batinze no kubafite umubyibuho ukabije bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’umusemburo witwa oestrogene.
Ugereranyije, 90 % ya za kanseri za nyababyeyi (cancer de l’endomètre), 75 % ya za kanseri z’udusabo (cancer de l’ovaire) na 65% ya za kanseri z’inkondo y’umura
Ukuboneka kwa kanseri y’inkondo y’umura bituma biba ngombwa ko buri mugore wese wacuze ayisuzumisha.
Imiyoboro
https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222008/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article84
Umuti |
3569 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwantanamo | Gwantanamo | Gwantanamo
Mu Burayi no muri Amerika uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ntibwubahirizwa, mu bigaragaza uburyo ibyo bihugu byigize ikitegererezo cy’uburengenzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ahubwo aribyo bibubangamiye, ni ibikorwa bya kinyamaswa biherutse gukorerwa abanyeshuri bo mu Bwongereza, n’ibikorerwa abaturage b’Ubufaransa na Amerika byerekanwa mu matelevizio bikabonwa n’abantu bose ku isi ariko ntihabe hagira ukopfora.
Ikegeranyo cyakozwe guhera mu mwaka 2001 kugeza ubu, kirerekana ko abantu bagera kuri 334 bamaze kwicwa n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa na polisi ya Amerika mu guhagarika abakora imytigaragambyo. Ibikorwa by’ubugome bukabije abaturage ba Palisitina bakorerwa n’ubutegetsi ruvumwa bw’Abazayuni ba Isiraheri, ubwo butegetsi bumaze imyaka myinshi bwica abaturage b’icyo gihugu urubozo, bashyira mu kato abaturage b’intara ya Gaza, abana n’abagore muri iyo ntara bakaba bicwa n’inzara nta n’imiti ibavura bagira, ariko akaba ntawamagana icyo gihugu, ibyo byose ni urugero rugaragaza ko ikitwa na biriya bihugu uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ntakindi biricyo uretse urwitwazo bakoresha barwanya uwo bashaka kurwanya, bakanajujubya uwo bashaka kujujubya mu izina ry’uko baharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu.
Abitwaza ko baharanira uburenganzira bw’ikremwamuntu, nibo bitwaza ubwo burengenzira batera ibihugu bikennye no kurasa abaturage babyo bakoresheje intwaro zikomeye, bakica muri ibyo bihugu inzirakarengane zirimo abana, abagore n’abasaza.
Urugero rw’ukuri rw’ibyo tumaze kuvuga ni ikegeranyo cya vuba aha kivuga ko Yuran yakoreshejwe n’ingabo za Amerika mu ntambara irwana muri Iraq na Afuganisitani yatumye muri ibyo bihugu haduka ibyorezo by’indwara zidasanzwe zica benshi muri ibyo bihugu. Icyo kegeranyo cyakomeje kivuga ko muri biriya bihugu Amerika irwanamo, ibirema byiyongera n’abana bavukana uburema bakaba bamaze kuba benshi, ku buryo mu myaka mike iri imbere muri biriya bihugu hazajya havuka abana bake badafite ubusembwa batewe n’intwaro zikoreshwa mu mirwano ihabera.
Muri ako kanya Amerika iba iri kubangamira uburengenzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, iba yiyita ko ari igihugu cya demukrasi kinaharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, n’ibyo byose umuryango mpuzamahanga wananiwe kumvisha icyo gihugu ko kigomba gufunga agasho gahonyererwamo uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ka Gwantanamo na ka Abu Gurayib.
Imiyoboro
Uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu: Urwitwazo rwa politike rw’ibihugu by’Iburengerazuba
Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika |
3570 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani | Irani | Irani cyangwa Repubulika y’Ubuyisilamu ya Irani (izina mu kinyaperisi : ایران cyangwa جمهوری اسلامی ایران ) n’igihugu muri Aziya. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 81,000,000 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 1,648,195.
Irani
Aziya
Ibihugu |
3574 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminati | Illuminati | Ubundi Illuminati biva ku ijambo ry’ikilatini illuminatus bivuga ‘umurikiwe’ cyangwa ushagawe n'urumuri, illuminati rikaba riri mu bwinshi (pluriel, plural). Abantu bose bavuga amateka ya Illuminati bemeza ko ari agatsiko k’ibanga (secret society) kashinzwe na Adam Weishaupt wari umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Ingolstadt muri Bavière (Bayer) mu Budage, hari tariki 1 Gicurasi 1776.
Kuvuga kuri Illuminati ni ibintu bitoroshye byasaba kwandika ibitabo kandi n’ubundi byarakozwe, ndetse bimwe na bimwe twarabisomye, cyane cyane The 13 Satanic Bloodlines of Illuminati cya Fritz Springmeier na Cosmic Trigger: the Final Secret of The Illuminati cya Robert Anton. Kugirango umenye Illuminati kandi, bisaba kuba uzi ibindi bintu byinshi byerekeranye n’udutsiko tw’ibanga (secret societies), bityo bikaba biri bunsabe kugenda nsa nk’utandukira gato ngende mvuga kuri utwo dutsiko tundi.
Uwo mugabo yari asanzwe ari mu muryango wa Freemasonry (Franc-maçonnerie) uyu ukaba ari umuryango n'ubu ukiriho, uhuza abantu batandukanye bahuriye ku ibanga ubwabo bazi bonyine, gusa ikizwi nuko badasenga Imana, ahubwo bemera uwo bita Umwubatsi Mukuru w’Isi (Le Grand Architecte de l’univers). Ibi abakristu bakaba babifata nko gusenga Shitani. Icyo twababwira nuko Freemasonry idashingiye ku idini, kuko habamo abakristu, abayisilamu n’abo mu yandi madini.
Imiyoboro
Ese koko iyi si iyoborwa na Illuminati? (Igice cya kabiri)
Ese koko iyi si iyoborwa na Illuminati? (Igice cya mbere)
Imiryango |
3576 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaperezida%20b%E2%80%99Azeribayijani | Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani | Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani |
3579 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaperezida%20ba%20Tanzaniya | Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya | Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya |
3582 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaperezida%20ba%20Kenya | Abaperezida ba Kenya | Abaperezida ba Kenya |
3585 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham%20Aliyev | Ilham Aliyev | Ilham Aliyev (izina mu kinyazeribayijani İlham Əliyev ) (24 Ukuboza 1961 – ), Perezida wa 4 w’Azeribayijani.
Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani
Abaminisitiri b’Azeribayijani
Abaperezida
Abaminisitiri
Abagabo |
3586 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heydar%20Aliyev | Heydar Aliyev | Heydar Aliyev (izina mu kinyazeribayijani Heydər Əliyev ) (10 Gicurasi 1923 – 12 Ukuboza 2003), Perezida wa 3 w’Azeribayijani.
Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3587 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%BClfaz%20El%C3%A7ibay | Abülfaz Elçibay | Abülfaz Elçibay (izina mu kinyazeribayijani Əbülfəz Elçibəy ) (24 Kamena 1938 – 22 Kanama 2000),
Perezida wa 2 w’Azeribayijani.
Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3588 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Nyerere | Julius Nyerere | Julius Nyerere (13 Mata 1922 – 14 Ukwakira 1999), Perezida wa 1 wa Tanzaniya.
Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3589 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Hassan%20Mwinyi | Ali Hassan Mwinyi | Ali Hassan Mwinyi (8 Gicurasi 1925 – ), Perezida wa 2 wa Tanzaniya.
Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3590 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Mkapa | Benjamin Mkapa | Benjamin William Mkapa (12 Ugushyingo 1938 – ), Perezida wa 3 wa Tanzaniya.
Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3591 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakaya%20Kikwete | Jakaya Kikwete | Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (7 Ukwakira 1950 – ), Perezida wa 4 wa Tanzaniya.
Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3592 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jomo%20Kenyatta | Jomo Kenyatta | Jomo Kenyatta (1894 – 22 Kanama 1978), Perezida wa 1 wa Kenya.
Yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kenya kuva 1963 kugeza 1964, aba perezida kuva 1964 kugeza 1978.
Akivuka yiswe Kamau wa Mugai. Jomo Kenyatta Jomo bivuga icumu ribengerana naho Kinyatta bivuga umukandara w’amasaro ya massai. Yitwa kandi Mwalimu mu rurimi rw’igiswayire, umusaza, ise w’igihugu, umwubatsi w’ahera hasenyutse.
Abaperezida ba Kenya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3593 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20arap%20Moi | Daniel arap Moi | Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (2 Nzeri 1924-2020), Perezida wa 2 wa Kenya.
Abaperezida ba Kenya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3594 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwai%20Kibaki | Mwai Kibaki | Emilio Mwai Kibaki (15 Ugushyingo 1931 – 2022) ni Perezida wa 3 wa Kenya.
Abaperezida ba Kenya
Abaperezida
Abagabo |
3595 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igisibo | Igisibo |
IBISOBANURO KU GISIBO CYA RAMADHWAN:
Imana yashyizeho uburyo bwo kuyigandukira bunyuranye, kugira ngo igerageze abagaragu bayo, ese baba mu bakurikira irari ryabo cyangwa baba mu bumvira itegeko ry'Imana, uko kuyigandukira igushyira mu byiciro bikurikira:
Ibibuza ibyo umuntu akunda nk'igisibo, kuko kibuza ibikundwa aribyo: ibyo kurya, ibinyobwa n'ibindi bimunezeza nk'imibonano ku bashakanye n'ibindi.
Gutanga mubyo utunze ukunda nk'amaturo (Zakat), isadaka.
Gutungana kw'umutima
Ubutungane bw'umutima buba mu kwerekera kwawo ku Mana no kuyikunda. Bimaze kugaragara ko ibyo kurya, ibinyobwa, imvugo, kuryama, guhura n'abantu cyane bituma umuntu atakaza ibimuhuza n'Imana, bikamwongerera kuba kure y'impuhwe zayo. Niyo mpamvu Imana yategetse igisibo kugira ngo kibarinde ibibi, bityo bagire umutima udafite irari ariryo nzitizi zo kugandukira Imana. Ibategeka gukora icyicaro cya ITIKAFU mu misigiti kigamije kwiyegereza Imana. Inabategeka kurinda indimi zabo kuvuga ibidafite umumaro. Inabategeka igihagararo mu ijoro, gifitiye umubiri n'umutima akamaro.
IGISIBO NI IKI?
Igisibo ni ukwigomwa kurya, kunywa, imibonano mpuzabitsina ku bashakanye n'ibindi bibujijwe uwasibye, kuva umuseke utambitse kugeza izuba rirenze, wagambiriye gusiba no kwiyegereza Imana.
Impamvu z'itegekwa ry'igisibo Igisibo ni inzira ituma habaho gutinya Imana, ukora ibyo yategetse ukareka ibyo yabujije. Igisibo kimenyereza umuntu uburyo bwo kurinda umutima no kureka ibibi byawo, kikanawutoza kwirengera inshingano no kwihangana mu gihe cy'ibibazo.
Igisibo gituma umuyislamu abasha kwiyumvamo ububabare buri kuri mugenzi we ushonje, ibyo bigatuma arushaho gutanga no kugirira neza abakene n'abatindi, bityo bigatuma habaho urukundo n'ubuvandimwe hagati y'abakire n'abakene. Igisibo cyeza umutima, kikawusukura kiwukura mu bikorwa bidahwitse. Mu gisibo niho haboneka ikiruhuko k'urwungano ngogozi, kikaruruhura mu guhora rwuzuriwe, bikarufasha kugarura ingufu. Urwego igisibo cy'ukwezi kwa Ramadhani gifite muri islamu
Igisibo ni inkingi imwe mu nkingi eshanu (5) zigize islamu, Imana yagitegetse mu mwaka wa kabiri (2) nyuma y'iyimuka ry'intumwa y'Imana iva iMakka ijya iMadina.
Intumwa y'Imana ikaba yarasibye igisibo cya RAMADHANI inshuro icyenda mu buzima bwayo. Ukwezi kwa RAMADHANI, niko kwezi gufite imigisha n'ibyiza kurusha andi mezi yose uko ari cumi n'abiri (12), n'amajoro icumi ya nyuma y'uko kwezi, akaba ariyo meza kurusha amajoro icumi y'ukwezi kwa DHUL HIDJA, kuko mu majoro icumi ya RAMADHANI, habonekamo ijoro rya AL QAD'RI rifite ibyiza biruta iby'amezi igihumbi(1000), n'iminsi icumi ya mbere ya DHUL HIDJA, iruta iminsi icumi ya nyuma ya RAMADHANI, n'umunsi wa idjuma niwo mwiza mu minsi y'icyumweru, n'umunsi w'igitambo ukaba umunsi mwiza mu minsi yose y'umwaka, n'ijoro rya AL QADRI rikaba ijoro ryiza mu majoro yose y'umwaka.
UMWANYA IGISIBO CYA RAMADHWAN GIFITE MURI ISLAM
Igisibo cya RAMADHANI, ni itegeko kuri buri muyislamu ugimbutse, ufite ubwenge, ushoboye kuba yasiba, utari ku rugendo, yaba umugabo, cyangwa umugore udafite imiziro nk'imihango, ibisanza n'ibindi. Imana ikaba yarategetse abayislamu gusiba nk'uko yabitegetse abababanjirije. Imana iragira iti:"Yemwe abemeye, mwategetswe gusiba nk'uko byategetswe abababanjirije, wenda mwarushaho gutinya Imana"
Qur'an 2:183
IBYIZA BY'UKWEZI KWA RAMADHWAN
Imana iragira iti:"Mu by'ukuri Qor'ani, twayimanuye mu ijoro ry'icyubahiro (AL QAD'RI). Ese ni iki cyakumenyesha iryo joro? Iryo joro ririmo ibyiza biruta iby'amezi igihumbi
Imana irimanuramo Abamalayika bari kumwe na DJIBR"UMUSOZO
Imiyoboro
Amategeko y’Igisibo
Igisibo cy’abayisilamu (ramadhan) kirasozwa kuri uyu wa gatanu
Islam |
3598 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterabwoba | Iterabwoba | Iterabwoba ribarwa mu bibazo bikomereye isi kandi bibangamiye ituze n’ubusugire bw’abantu mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Rikaba riterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zinyuranye zirimo n’imibereho, kwiheba, politiki, ubukungu, imico, n’ibindi bikomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kwimakaza iterabwoba mu mibereho y’abantu. Niyo mpamvu uwashaka kuvura no kurandura iterabwoba burundu, bimusaba kubanza gukemura ibi bibazo n’impamvu ziritera akazivanaho burundu kuko arizo zituma iterabwoba ribaho.
Intambwe ya mbere yo kurwanya iterabwoba no kurirandurana n’imizi yaryo aho ariho hose, ni ukubanza gusobanukirwa neza izi mpamvu ziritera, kugirango n’umuti uzashakwa uzabe ushingiye ku miterere nyayo y’ikibazo.
Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba (ATU)
Imiyoboro
police.gov.rw
ijwi-islam.org |
3606 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishyaka%20ry%E2%80%99Ubukiranutsi%20n%E2%80%99Amajyambere%20%28muri%20Maroke%29 | Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere (muri Maroke) | Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere (PJD mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa ; izina mu gifaransa : Parti de la Justice et du Développement ; izina mu cyarabu : حزب العدالة والتنمية ) ni ishyaka rya politiki muri Maroke.
Amashyaka ya politiki |
3607 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruyuki | Uruyuki |
Intangiriro
Uruyuki (ubuke: Inzuki; izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini: Apis ) ni udusimba tw’inigwahabiri tutagira amagufwa turangwa n’umubiri ugizwe n’ibice bitatu byuzuzanya aribyo; umutwe, ugaragaraho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha guhuririza ibirukikije, amaso manini abiri azifasha kureba, n’umunwa. Mu muzinga hashobora kubamo ingabo 1500 kandi zikagaburirwa n’intazi. Akamaro kazo ni ako kwimya urwiru gusa, kandi urwimije urwiru ruhita rupfa. Ingabo ntiziryana, si byiza ko ziba nyinshi mu muzinga kuko zirya ubuki kandi zidakora.
Uruyuki ni agakoko gato kaguruka gakora ubuki.
Amoko y’inzuki
Amoko y’inzuki azwi cyane ni ayo mu bwoko bwa Apis mellifica, Apis dorsata, Apis florea na Apis cerana. Cyakora inzuki zikunze gukoreshwa mu buvumvu ni izo mu bwoko bwa Apis mellifica, nazo zikaba zigabanyijemo ibice byinshi, ukurikije uturere zigenda zibonekamo. Muri zo hari:
1. Apis mellifica : ziboneka mu karere k’inyanja ya Mediterane
2. Apis mellifica intermisa
3. Apis mellifica major : ziboneka mu Majyaruguru ya Afurika
4. Apis mellifica sahariensis
5. Apis mellifica lamarekii
6. Apis mellifica nubica : ziboneka muri Sudani na Misiri
7. Apis mellifica scutellata
8. Apis mellifica litorea
9. Apis mellifica monticola
10. Apis mellifica adansonii : ziboneka muri Afurika yo Hagati na Australia
11. Apis mellifica capensis
12. Apis mellifica unicolor
13. Apis mellifica jemmenitica
14. Apis mellifica remipes
15. Apis mellifica caucasica
16. Apis mellifica taurica
17. Apis mellifica cyprica : ziboneka mu karere ka Irani na Mediterane
18. Apis mellifica syriaca
19. Apis mellifica carnica
20. Apis mellifica linguistica
Muri izo nzuki zose, iziboneka mu Rwanda ni izitwa Apis mellifica adansoni, n’ubwo nta bushakashatsi bwakozwe muri urwo rwego. Hari ubundi bwoko bw’inzuki bita mu kinyarwanda ubuhura (mellipona depressives). Izo nzuki ntizigira urubori, nta n’ubwo zubaka ibinyagu, ahubwo zishyira ubuki mu bihuku by’imiswa, mu binogo byafukutse mu biti, cyangwa mu myenge igenda isigara mu nkuta z’amazu.
Imibereho y’inzuki
Inzuki zibaho ari umuryango urimo inzuki za ngombwa kandi ziziranye. Ziba zikuriwe n’urwiru. Urwiru rurangwa n’ubunini bwarwo, ruba ari rwo rwonyine rw’urugore rubyara kandi rwima inshuro imwe. Rwibikamo intanga-ngabo, zizahura n’intanga-ngore rufite. Rurama imyaka ine kandi rutera amagi ibihumbi bibiri (2000) ku munsi, ntiruryana rugaburirwa n’impashyi , igikoma cy’urwiru (gelée royale). Iyo rushaje rutera amagi make bigatuma inzuki ziba nke mu muzinga, icyo gihe ruvanwa mu muzinga maze impehe zisigaye zikirerera urundi. Ni byiza kurusimbura nibura buri myaka ibiri (2) kandi bigakorwa mu gihe gitangira izuba.Urwiru rushobora kororerwa hanze y’umuzinga rukazashyirwamo nyuma. Inziru 2 ntizibana mu muzinga, zirarwana kugeza rumwe rupfuye.
Ingabo
Mu muzinga hashobora kubamo ingabo 1500 zikagaburirwa n’impashyi. Akamaro kazo ni ukwimya urwiru, gusa urwimije ruhita rupfa, Ingabo ntiziryana iyo ari nyinshi mu muzinga si byiza kuko zirya ubuki kandi zidakora. Akenshi urwiru rushaje rubyara ingabo nyinshi, hari ubwo impashyi zanga kuzigaburira zikazirukana cyangwa zikazica. Mu ntangiriro z’igihe cy’izuba gusa nibwo urwiru rutera amagi avamo ingabo.
Ibikomoka ku nzuki
Ubuki
Insinda
Ibishashara
Urucumbu
Igikoma cy’urwiru
Ibinyagu
Gusa abantu bakunda cyane ubuki kubera ukuntu buryoha cyane. Ariko nanone ibikomoka ku nzuki byose bifitye abantu akamaro kubera ko bivura indwara nyinshi.
Amateka y’ubworozi bw’inzuki
Abanditsi b’ibitabo bavuga ko ubworozi bw’inzuki ari umwuga umaze igihe kinini cyane uzwi. Hari bamwe bemeza ko hashize imyaka miliyoni eshanu inzuki zibayeho ku isi, abandi bavuga ko babonye ibisigazwa by’inzuki zabayeho imyaka 3600 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu; bamwe ndetse bemeza ko hari amoko y’inzuki yororerwaga mu Misiri imyaka 2600 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu. Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 16 nibwo bamwe mu bagoronome Olivier w’i Sennes yatangiye kwita ku nzuki mu gitabo cye yise Theatre d’agriculture et menages des champs. Nyuma y’aho, ubworozi bw’inzuki bwafashe imyaka myinshi kugira ngo bugere uko tubuzi ubu. Muri icyo gihe Padiri mukuru w’i Carlsmark muri silesie yahimbye umutiba wa kijyambere ufite amakaderi, bashobora gukura mu mutiba bakayasubizamo nta kibazo. Cyakora uwo mutiba wagiye usubirwamo na Langstroth ariwe wahimbye umutiba wa kijyambere wanitiriwe izina rye, ubu ukaba warageze n’iwacu i Rwanda. Hari n’abandi bagize ibyo bagenda bongeraho, nk’uwitwa Dadant, Layens n’abandi.
Mu Rwanda
Ubworozi bw’inzuki bwagaragaje ko bushobora guteza imbere ababukora, bubushyizemo imbaraga, ariko cyane cyane bitaye ku buryo bwo guhakura ubuki bufite isuku kandi butarimo umwotsi.
Mu rwego rwo gufasha abari muri uyu mwuga no kuwuhindura kugira ngo ujye uzanira inyungu abawukora, muri 2008 Leta yafashaije kugura imitiba 9,000 igenewe kugezwa ku bavumvu. Leta kandi yabafashije gushyiraho urwego rw’igihugu ruhuza abavumvu (Conseil National pour la Sauvegarde des Abeilles), kugira ngo babone uko bazajya bungurana ibitekerezo kuri uyu mwuga no ku masoko bakoherezaho ubuki basaruye.
Muri iyi myaka itanu ishize, umusaruro w’ubuki ukaba wiyongera ku buryo bushimishije. Figure 12 irerekana uburyo umusaruro w’ubuki wiyongereye kuva kuri toni 550 muri 2000 kugeza kuri toni 1600 muri 2007.
Notes
Imiyoboro
Imfashanyigisho ku bworozi bw’inzuki bwa kijyambere
http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/IFISHI_Y_INZUKI.pdf
Inzuki
Ubuvumvu |
3612 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya | Turukiya | Turukiya (izina mu giturukiya : Türkiye ) ni igihugu mu Burayi na Aziya. Umurwa mukuru wa Turukiya witwa Ankara. Igihugu kiratuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 78,785,548, batuye ku buso bwa km² 814.578.
Indirimbo y’Igihugu ni : İstiklâl Marşı.
Ubuyobozi bwa Turukiya
Intara (il) → Uturere (ilçe) → Imirenge/Utugari (bucak cyangwa nahiye) → Imidugudu (köy)
Intara za Turukiya ni 81.
Uturere twa Turukiya ni 957.
Imirenge n’utugari bya Turukiya ni 634.
Imidigudu ya Turukiya ni 40.000.
Imibare y’abaturage
Gallery
Ubuperezida bwa Turukiya
Abaperezida ba Turukiya
References
Uburayi
Aziya
Ibihugu |
3614 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibinyabuzima%20bitungwa%20n%E2%80%99ibimera | Ibinyabuzima bitungwa n’ibimera | Ibinyabuzima bitungwa n’ibimera ni ukuvuga ikinyabuzima icyo aricyo cyose, fungi, bagiteri, virusi, virusi nk’ikinyabuzima cyangwa ibiburangoro ndetse n’inyamaswa, kigaragajwe na Minisitiri ko gitungwa n’ibimera cyangwa ibikomoka kubuhinzi.
Ibimera n’Inyamaswa |
3615 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kororoka | Kororoka | Kororoka ni ukuvuga ko ikimera kigenewe gukoreshwa mu kororoka cyangwa muri gahunda yo kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ibimera.
Kororka ni igihe abantu bakoze imibonano mpuza bitsina hatagi y'umugabo n'umugore.
Ibimera |
3616 | https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasezerano%20Mpuzamahanga%20yo%20Kurengera%20Ibimera | Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera | Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera (IPPC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu cyongereza: Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera ) ni amasezerano yemejwe n’inaa y’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buhinzi n’ibiribwa (FAO) mu nteko yayo ya 29 ugushyingo 1997, agashyirwa mu bikorwa tariki ya 02 ukwakira 2005, kandi akaba akubiyemo n’ibyahinduwe byashyizwe mu bikorwa.
Imiryango
Ibimera |