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Time-dynamic quantization of molecular-genetic, photosynthesis and ecosystem hierarchical levels of the biosphere

Abstract Structural-functional organization of natural biological systems is founded on the principle of evolutionary accumulation of information and division into separate hierarchical levels. Every hierarchical level has its own basic processes with a specific time-dynamic quantization scheme. The relative information entropy representing quantization schemes forms a widely known sequence of generalized divine section numbers. The product of photosynthesis basic processes is free energy shunted off into various energy-transferring compounds. The product of other basic processes is the matter also distributed between compounds of the product. Such an energy-matter distribution shows the same divine values of relative information entropy as the quantization scheme.

This is a phenomenological study of the communication processes around quality in a symphony chorus, addressing the research question, How do the communication processes in which organizational mem...

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Bridging Conformational Dynamics and Function Using Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

In a typical structure-function relation study, the primary structure of proteins or nucleic acids is changed by mutagenesis and its functional effect is measured via biochemical means. Single-molecule spectroscopy has begun to give a whole new meaning to the "structure-function relation" by measuring the real-time conformational changes of individual biological macromolecules while they are functioning. This review discusses a few recent examples: untangling internal chemistry and conformational dynamics of a ribozyme, branch migration landscape of a Holliday junction at a single-step resolution, tRNA selection and dynamics in a ribosome, repetitive shuttling and snapback of a helicase, and discrete rotation of an ATP synthase.

Abstract The coordinate conditions usually used to describe the open string and its boundary conditions are intrinsically singular at the boundary. As a result, the boundary conditions are difficult to understand or interpret geometrically. The physical requirement that the variation of the string at the boundary yield a vanishing contribution to the variation of the action may be accomplished by the requirement that the induced metric, in non-singular coordinates, have signature (0, — 1) at the boundary and that the metric be C 1 on the boundary. These geometrically simple by analytically somewhat complicated requirements are equivalent to the usual boundary conditions. Lastly it is shown that the open string is, in a strict sense, a special case of the closed string. Some of the peculiar behavior of characteristic curves on the open string becomes clear in this context.

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Extended kinetic model of real-time polymerase chain reaction process

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) is the main molecular genetic method used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific nucleic acid sequences in many areas of biomedical research. Theoretical study of pCr models allows to estimate the influence of various reaction components and parameters, and to determine the unknown parameter values by approximating the experimental real-time PCR curves. An extended kinetic model of real-time PCR is presented. The model takes into account the enzyme activity based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the hybridization of complementary DNA fragments, the presence of a fluorescent probe used for detection of the reaction products, and the temperature dependence of primers and probe hybridization.

© 2012 Fraschini et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Protein Phosphorylation is an Important Tool to Change the Fate of Key Players in the Control of Cell Cycle Progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Protein Phosphorylation is an Important Tool to Change the Fate of Key Players in the Control of Cell Cycle Progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

© 2012 Fraschini et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Protein Phosphorylation is an Important Tool to Change the Fate of Key Players in the Control of Cell Cycle Progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract A simple pseudopotential (PP) model developed by us earlier was used here to study lattice dynamics and lattice statics of copper. Comparison of the accuracy attainable in different model calculations of the off-symmetry phonon frequencies was made, and the PP model appeared to be at least as accurate as the embedded atom method (EAM). We suggest that calculation of further lattice properties is necessary to evaluate any microscopic model properly. As an example we give a brief review of the PP model application in the lattice dynamics of alloys including the calculation of frequency shifts in different palladium-based alloys.

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Nuclear-magnetic control over energy carrier synthesis in living organisms

Synthesis of molecular energy carriers in living organisms is performed by enzymes, molecular “engines.” All of them work only in the presence of magnesium ions. However, if natural magnesium in enzymes is substituted by its pure isotopic form 25Mg, the generation of energy carriers will increase two to three times. This outstanding discovery of the authors of this article underlies the development of new medicines for curing hypoxia and heart failure.

Using a density matrix approach, we study the simplest systems that display both gain and feedback: clusters of 2 to 5 atoms, one of which is pumped. The other atoms supply feedback through multiple scattering of light. We show that, if the atoms are in each other's near field, the system exhibits large gain narrowing and spectral mode redistribution. The observed phenomena are more pronounced if the feedback is enhanced. Our system is to our knowledge the simplest exactly solvable microscopic system which shows the approach to laser oscillation.

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Modeling of Ribosome Dynamics on a ds-mRNA under an External Load

Protein molecules in cells are synthesized by macromolecular machines called ribosomes. According to the recent experimental data, we reduce the complexity of the ribosome and propose a model to express its activity in six main states. Using our model, we study the translation rate in different biological relevant situations in the presence of external force and the translation through the RNA double stranded region in the absence or presence of the external force. In the present study, we give a quantitative theory for translation rate and show that the ribosome behaves more like a Brownian Ratchet motor. Our findings could shed some light on understanding behaviors of the ribosome in biological conditions.

The aim of this thesis is to propose a new efficient numerical tool, based on the ::: kinematic theorem of limit analysis, for the study of masonry shell and 3D ::: structures with or without FRP reinforcement. ::: The approach consists of two steps. In step I unreinforced masonry strength ::: domains are obtained with a FE limit analysis procedure applied to a representative ::: element of volume constituted by a central brick interacting with its six neighbours ::: by means of rigid plastic interfaces (mortar joint). In step II, the unreinforced ::: strength domains are implemented in a novel upper bound FE limit analysis code ::: for the analysis at collapse of entire masonry curved and 3D structures.

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From cardiac cells to genetic regulatory networks

A fundamental question in the treatment of cardiac disorders, such as tachycardia and fibrillation, is under what circumstances does such a disorder arise? To answer to this question, we develop a multiaffine hybrid automaton (MHA) cardiac-cell model, and restate the original question as one of identification of the parameter ranges under which the MHA model accurately reproduces the disorder. The MHA model is obtained from the minimal cardiac model of one of the authors (Fenton) by first bringing it into the form of a canonical, genetic regulatory network, and then linearizing its sigmoidal switches, in an optimal way. By leveraging the Rovergene tool for genetic regulatory networks, we are then able to successfully identify the parameter ranges of interest.

In this article, we study a piecewise smooth dynamical system inspired by a previous reduced system modeling compartimentalized brain metabolism. The piecewise system allows the introduction of an autoregulation induced by a feedback of the extracellular or capillary Lactate concentrations on the Capillary Blood Flow. New dynamical phenomena are uncovered and we discuss existence and nature of two equilibrium points, attractive segment, boundary equilibrium and periodic orbits depending of the Capillary Blood Flow.

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Women and minorities appear to be benefiting from greater employment opportunities in the United States, but discrimination remains a significant problem, according to a study to be released today by two professors at the Rutgers School of Law in Newark.

Women have better employment opportunities than they used to.

Women have no employement opportunities in the US

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For African Americans, linked fate is the recognition that individual life chances are inextricably tied to the race as a whole. Using data from the 1996 National Black Election Study, the author empirically tested two competing hypotheses about the effect of gender identification on race identification as measured by linked fate. One hypothesis suggests that Black women who identify strongly with their gender will report a lower sense of race identification. The other suggests that Black women who identify strongly with their gender will report a higher sense of race identification. This research is important because it is the first to extend the application of the linked fate model used to measure race identification to the case in which gender matters. By so doing, this study demonstrates the importance of theorizing gender as opposed to simply adding the variable (gender) to a regression model and controlling for its effects statistically.

This paper is motivated by current research in political science and women's studies on interest groups, representation, and intersectional disadvantage. Using original survey data from over 200 advocacy groups (women's rights; socio-economic justice; racial-minority rights; disability rights; and lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender rights) in 14 states across the USA, this study examines whether groups disproportionately advocate on behalf of some intersectional identities over others. Descriptive analysis of the correspondence between the demographics of organizations' supporter networks and their issue agendas revealed that groups consistently over-represent class-based issues and under-represent gender-based issues relative to the proportions of low-income and female individuals contained within their constituencies.

Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child.

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In this phenomenological study we relied on classroom observations and 22 in-depth interviews with students as they interacted with African American faculty. Findings reveal the meaning students made from these classroom interactions and the ways African American faculty, significantly and positively, influenced the student experience. More specifically, students described the faculty as open, passionate, and caring, thereby making students feel comfortable, valued, and respected. This study supports previous research on the benefits of student–faculty interactions by providing additional evidence regarding the importance and value African American faculty bring to the academy.

Research shows that an oppressive classroom environment impairs learning and academic performance for students with oppressed identities. Less research examines faculty perceptions of their classroom, but such research could reveal whether an oppressive environment impairs teaching effectiveness. Although the literature shows that women faculty of color spend a disproportionate amount of time teaching, researchers have not systematically examined their classroom experiences. My study relies on transcripts of 17 in-depth interviews with women faculty of color at a large, predominantly white research institution. Despite their legitimate authority as professors, these women describe gendered racism in their classroom interactions with students. Specifically, they depict white male students as challenging their authority, teaching competency, and scholarly expertise, as well as offering subtle and not so subtle threats to their persons and their careers.

Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.

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Sequential Features of Black Child Language

This study determines whether the spontaneous speech of black children between the ages of 18 and 36 months contained Brown’s semantic relations. The study also attempted to identify the existence ...

This paper estimates a dynamic model of schooling attainment to investigate the sources of discrepancy by race and ethnicity in college attendance. When the returns to college education rose, college enrollment of whites responded much more quickly than that of minorities. Parental income is a strong predictor of this response. However, using NLSY data, we find that it is the long-run factors associated with parental background and income and not short-term credit constraints facing college students that account for the differential response by race and ethnicity to the new labor market for skilled labor. Policies aimed at improving these long-term factors are far more likely to be successful in eliminating college attendance differentials than are short-term tuition reduction policies.

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Candidates for admission are judged on their academic achievement , demonstrated leadership , athletics and character .

People wanting to study at the Academy are judged on their academic achievement , leadership , athletics and character .

Most well-known is article 1 , which sets out the four criteria for statehood that have sometimes been recognized as an accurate statement of customary international law : In addition , the first sentence of article 3 explicitly states that `` The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states . ''

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For Struggling Black College, Hopes of a Revival

Wiley College is suddenly feeling the glow of celebrity with the release of a film about the school’s debating team.

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDayNews) -- There's no racial distinction when it comes to depression in the homebound elderly, says a new study in the October issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.

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A Hot Summer for the Congressional Black Caucus

Ed Gordon talks with Rep. Mel Watt (D-NC), chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus, and Rep. Maxine Waters (D-CA), for a look at the issues keeping Congress busy during the hot summer months.

UCLA law professor Richard Sander talks about his new study on affirmative action in law schools. Sander says many African-American students at the nation's top law schools are struggling academically. Many drop out, resulting in fewer minority lawyers, not more. Harvard law professor David Wilkins disagrees. Sander and Wilkins talk with NPR's Renee Montagne.

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Legality of Segregating Prisoners by Race

Ed Gordon explores legal issues surrounding segregating prisoners by race to prevent violence with Ramona Ripston, executive director of the ACLU of Southern California, and Paul Butler, a law professor at George Washington University.

UCLA law professor Richard Sander talks about his new study on affirmative action in law schools. Sander says many African-American students at the nation's top law schools are struggling academically. Many drop out, resulting in fewer minority lawyers, not more. Harvard law professor David Wilkins disagrees. Sander and Wilkins talk with NPR's Renee Montagne.

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Who benefited from secondary schools?

Secondary education in the United States did not emerge until 1910, with the rise of large corporations and advancing technology in factories, which required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved beneficial for both employers and employees, since the improved human capital lowered costs for the employer, while skilled employees received a higher wages.

Frederick Lynch, the author of Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action, did a study on white males that said they were victims of reverse discrimination. Lynch explains that these white men felt frustrated and unfairly victimized by affirmative action. Shelby Steele, another author against affirmative action, wanted to see affirmative action go back to its original meaning of enforcing equal opportunity. He argued that blacks had to take full responsibility in their education and in maintaining a job. Steele believes that there is still a long way to go in America to reach our goals of eradicating discrimination.

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Why is using racial categorization for profiling often criticized?

In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratification, for social scientists studying social inequality, race can be a significant variable. As sociological factors, racial categories may in part reflect subjective attributions, self-identities, and social institutions.

In 1976, a group of Italian American professors at City University of New York asked to be added as an affirmative action category for promotion and hiring. Italian Americans are usually considered white in the US and would not be covered under affirmative action policies, but the professors believed they were underrepresented. Libertarian economist Thomas Sowell wrote in his book, Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study, that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups [i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action] to take advantage of group preference policies.

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Georgia Hope Scholarships

Melissa Gray of Peach State Public Radio reports Georgia's program that uses lottery proceeds to give college scholarships to every student who maintains a B average has been wildly popular in the state. So popular, that Democratic gubernatorial candidates in Alabama and South Carolina won their races largely because they promised to create similar programs in their states. But a look at the scholarships shows that a program that seems on the surface to benefit the poor, actually gives more to middle and upper class students.

Lehigh University in Pennsylvania takes students to Ghana to learn about the Transatlantic slave trade. The two professors in charge of the study abroad program come from different perspectives: one descended from slaves, the other’s ancestors helped the British trade slaves. Sara Hoover (@smhooverville) of Here & Now contributor WHYY has our story.

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who started the tuskegee syphilis study

As Allan Brandt suggests, the Tuskegee study must be understood as a result of enduring American racism. In 1932 the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) initiated an experiment in Macon County, Alabama, to determine the natural course of untreated, latent syphilis in black males.

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Its Legacy at the University of Virginia. Following that, interested parties formed the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Committee to develop ideas that had arisen at the symposium.

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Go Trump!!! I was always against school's affirmative-action biases. I am NOT White either. In California, Orientals (Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, etc.) who scored high were denied acceptance into UC-Berkeley to make room for Blacks and Latinos. Entry should be based on test-scores.

Hawaii, with its large Asian population, should be particularly invested in supporting this action. The statement that affirmative action is deemed to discriminate against white students totally ignores those students most discriminated against: Asians.

MaraudingMidget, Aussie Universities are literally full of students with Asian and Indian backgrounds and The Hard Sciences are full to the brim with Indian and Asian kids. I wonder if our 'stupid beyond measure Professor' would like to take a guess as to the ethnic mix of our Mathematics classes at University. ...Whether measured by NAPLAN results, entry to selective schools or Year 12 Study Scores, the reality is that students from Asian and Indian backgrounds, often with migrant parents unable to speak English, achieve the strongest results...Results in Victoria are mirrored in NSW where Asian and Indian students are the top performers in subjects like Maths Extension 2, Chemistry and English Extension 1. So all the Indian and Chinese kids are running flat out to study a Racist subject at which they excel!!!!!

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Guaranteed Control Synthesis for Continuous Systems in Uppaal Tiga

We present a method for synthesising control strategies for continuous dynamical systems. We use Uppaal Tiga for the synthesis in combination with a set-based Euler method for guaranteeing that the synthesis is safe. We present both a general method and a method which provides tighter bounds for monotone systems. As a case-study, we synthesize a guaranteed safe strategy for a simplified adaptive cruise control application. We show that the guaranteed strategy is only slightly more conservative than the strategy generated in the original adaptive cruise control paper which uses a discrete non guaranteed strategy. Also, we show how reinforcement learning may be used to obtain optimal sub-strategies.

Abstract Making schedules for batch controlled plants in the chemical process industry is a topic often discussed. A wide range of scheduling tools have a separated model and a mathematical optimizer. In this paper we discuss a solution where a event discrete simulation tool is connected to the DCS. With all necessary model information stored in the DCS the scheduling tools in plant independent, where a optimizer (a combination of heuristics and genetic algorithms) generates a proposal for the final schedule.

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Scalable Multitask Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning.

Transfer Learning for Reinforcement Learning Domains: A Survey

A study on tinea capitis in the pre school and school going children

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Efficient Reinforcement Learning Through Evolving Neural Network Topologies

Neuronlike adaptive elements that can solve difficult learning control problems

web content mining techniques tools & algorithms – a comprehensive study .

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Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning

Enhancing Q-Learning for Optimal Asset Allocation

Degree vs. manner well: A case study in selective binding

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'More sex needed' to boost sperm

Some men should have sex every day to maximise the chances of their partner conceiving, a study suggests.

Lycos Europe launched a free screensaver that deliberately clogs spam servers. The "Make Love Not Spam" screensaver, available in both Mac and PC formats, sends HTTP requests to a list of servers that Lycos

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Many men who pay for sex have partners - UK study

Nearly 50 percent of men in Scotland who pay for sex at home or abroad have a partner and the percentage could be greater, researchers said on Monday.

Gawker Media will now pay its bloggers based on the number of times each post they write is read.

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Use of corneal patch graft to repair scleral or corneoscleral defects

Long-term follow-up study of scleroplasty using autogenous periosteum.

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer

Efficacy and safety of apatinib in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer that failed prior chemotherapy or EGFR-TKIs: A pooled analysis

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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The management of focal spasticity

Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: A double-blind study

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Cysticercosis of the human nervous system

Assessment of impediments affecting health systems response to neurocysticercosis in two districts (Gulu and Amuru) of Northern Uganda: A cross sectional study

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Re: Renal colic during pregnancy: a case for conservative treatment.

Effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopy in pregnant women: a comparative study

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Learning/feedback activities and high-quality teaching: perceptions of third-year medical students during an inpatient rotation.

An observational study of attending rounds

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Prevalence of molar pregnancy (a three year retrospective study) in a tertiary care ho

Gestational trophoblastic disease: experience at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh.

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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A biological, bacteriological and clinical study of larval or maggot therapy in the treatment of acute and chronic pyogenic infections☆

Larval therapy from antiquity to the present day: mechanisms of action, clinical applications and future potential

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Survivor-complier effects in the presence of selection on treatment, with application to a study of prompt ICU admission

Bounds on Treatment Effects from Studies with Imperfect Compliance

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Meta-analyses Prebiotic supplementation in preterm neonates : Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

The effects of lactulose supplementation to enteral feedings in premature infants: a pilot study.

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Experimental study of sucralfate intervention for paraquat poisoning in rats

Paraquat Preferentially Induces Apoptosis of Late Stage Effector Lymphocyte and Impairs Memory Immune Response in Mice

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Association between psychosocial factors and periodontitis: a case-control study.

Relationship between betel quid additives and established periodontitis among Bangladeshi subjects

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Significance of changes in the pulmonary lymph flow in acute and chronic experimental pulmonary edema

A study of patients with isolated mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy undergoing EBUS-TBNA

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Changes in lung deposition of aerosols due to hygroscopic growth: a fast SPECT study.

Tomographic Imaging of Small Airways

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Morphometric study of salivary glands in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Salivary gland scintigraphy in Sjogren's syndrome and patients with sicca symptoms but without Sjogren's syndrome: the psychological profiles and predictors for salivary gland dysfunction

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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A large-scale proteogenomics study of apicomplexan pathogens—Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum

GeneDB—an annotation database for pathogens

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic features in acute syphilitic macular placoid chorioretinitis

Clinical manifestations of syphilitic chorioretinitis: a retrospective study.

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Tubal sterilization and subsequent ectopic pregnancy. A case-control study.

Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy: A Multi-Center Case-Control Study

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Effects of altering plantar flexion resistance of an ankle-foot orthosis on muscle force and kinematics during gait training

Effect of an ankle–foot orthosis on gait kinematics and kinetics: case study of post-stroke gait using a musculoskeletal model and an orthosis model

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Ozone- and endotoxin-induced mucous cell metaplasias in rat airway epithelium: Novel animal models to study toxicant-induced epithelial transformation in airways

Ozone Exposure Enhances Endotoxin-Induced Mucous Cell Metaplasia in Rat Pulmonary Airways

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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A study of ulcerative colitis and circulating antibodies to milk proteins.

Is nutrition an aetiological factor for inflammatory bowel disease?

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Protein S–S bridge reduction: a Raman and computational study of lysozyme interaction with TCEP

Monitoring early phases of orthodontic treatment by means of Raman spectroscopies

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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A population-based matched cohort study examining the mortality and costs of patients with community-onset Clostridium difficile infection identified using emergency department visits and hospital admissions

Hospitalization Rates and Survival Associated with COPD: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Definitive chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with stage II non-small cell lung cancer: A population-based outcomes study.

Multidisciplinary questions in thoracic oncology : The team experience Management of stages I & II NSCLC

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Sputum conversion at the end of intensive phase of Category-1 regimen in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus or HIV infection: An analysis of risk factors.

Risk factors for tuberculosis smear non-conversion in Eden district, Western Cape, South Africa, 2007–2013: a retrospective cohort study

Due to symbiotic N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland

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Intrinsic muscle properties facilitate locomotor control - a computer simulation study.

A bio-robotic platform for integrating internal and external mechanics during muscle-powered swimming

LTP Inhibits LTD in the Hippocampus via Regulation of GSK3β

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Robo-salamander's evolution clues

A Franco-Swiss team uses a robot amphibian to study how the first land animals on Earth might have walked.

Japan is pretty serious about robotics. If the droids are going to fit in, they probably need to learn the Japanese custom of serving tea.

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Structural classification is determined by how the bones connect to each other , while functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones .

Structural classification is how the bones connect to each other ; function is the degree of movement between the articulating bones .

A 2005 study by Sankar Chatterjee suggested that the wings of Microraptor functioned like a split-level `` biplane '' , and that it likely employed a style of gliding , in which it would launch from a perch and swoop downward in a ` U ' shaped curve , then lift again to land on another tree , with the tail and hind wings helping to control its position and speed .

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3D multi-function bio-sphere Drosophila behavior platform

This study presents a novel "3D multi-function bio-sphere Drosophila (fruit fly) behavior platform" implemented by Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) and flexible electronics technology. The 3D multi-function bio-sphere behavior platform has three merits: (1) The 3D MEMS bio-sphere provides a natural like testing environment (sphere space) for fly's behavior observation, (2) The integration of micro transducers (i.e. electric shock punisher, thermal punisher, and position sensor) enables various bio-experiments and the future potential of automatic training and recording, and (3) The transparent bio-sphere enhances the flexibility of bio-experiments through adding external visual learning targets and behavior monitoring camera. This is the first 3D Drosophila behavior training and recording platform for brain (learning and memory) experiments.

A webpage describing the project supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant can be found with the following link: http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~biocog/content/en/third-party-projects/koselleck.

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Informatic parcellation of the network involved in the computation of subjective value

A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making

McKibben artificial muscle can be in accordance with the Hill skeletal muscle model

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A move-and-hold pneumatic actuator enabled by self-softening variable stiffness materials

An octopus-bioinspired solution to movement and manipulation for soft robots.

A study on tinea capitis in the pre school and school going children

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Securing the exocortex: A twenty-first century cybernetics challenge

Neurosecurity: security and privacy for neural devices.

How infants perceive the toy robot Pleo. An exploratory case study on infant-robot-interaction

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Removal of Microcontaminants From Surfaces Using a Chemicalfree, Laser-Assisted Process

Sacrificial layer process with laser-driven release for batch assembly operations

Methodological constraints in the molecular biodiversity study of a thermomineral spring cyanobacterial mat: a case study

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Effects of hemicellulose content on TEMPO-mediated selective oxidation, and the properties of films prepared from bleached chemical pulp

A precise study on the feasibility of enzyme treatments of a kraft pulp for viscose application

High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power

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An important tool for studying standard finitely presented algebras is the Ufnarovski graph. In this paper we extend the use of the Ufnarovski graph to automaton algebras, introducing the generalized Ufnarovski graph. As an application, we show how this construction can be used to test Noetherianity of automaton algebras.

A process of modifying the levelling characteristics of a film of a polar liquid coating composition by incorporating therein 0.5-60% by weight of an amphipathic random copolymer which comprises 5-50% of a monomer which has a chain-like structure at least 80 covalent bonds long and which is soluble in poly(ethylene oxide) of molecular weight 400, and 25-95% of a (meth)acrylate monomer which comprises a chain-like moiety of at least 10 covalent atoms long and which is not soluble in poly(ethylene oxide) of molecular weight 400. The resulting copolymer may be added to polar liquid coating compositions to give useful improvements in flow and levelling characteristics.

Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.

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Synthesis and curing study of a new phenolphthalein-formaldehyde resin

Abstract The preparation of a new methylolic resin derived from condensation of phenolphthalein and formaldehyde is described. The resin was characterised by spectroscopic, elemental analysis and moisture evolution analysis (MEA) techniques. The thermosetting (curing) characteristics of the resin were investigated by MEA and differential scanning calorimetry. Several thermosetting parameters were determined, i.e. rate of setting, degree of setting and the activation energy of the setting reactions, and the determined values for the latter parameter were found to be 58.2 and 18.29 kJ mol −1 which were related to the dehydration and dehydroformylation reactions respectively. The degree of setting varies linearly with temperature.

This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme.

eng_Latn

Casimir Effect and Interaction between Surface Plasmons

In this thesis we discuss the influence of surface plasmons on the Casimir effect between two plane parallel metallic mirrors at arbitrary distances. Using the plasma model to describe the optical response of the metal, we express the Casimir energy as a sum of contributions associated with evanescent surface plasmon modes and propagative cavity modes. In contrast to expectations, the plasmonic mode contribution is essential at all distances in order to ensure the correct result for the Casimir energy. One of the two plasmonic modes gives rise to a repulsive contribution, balancing the attractive contributions from propagating cavity modes, while both contributions taken separately are much larger than the actual value of the Casimir energy. This also suggests possibilities to tailor the sign of the Casimir force via surface plasmons.

Abstract The feasibility of using a silicone rubber membrane to separate mixtures of isopropyl alcohol and water, including the azeotropic composition, has been demonstrated and a quantitative measure of efficiency of separation has been developed. One of the problem areas in studying liquid permeation is the variability in the polymer membrane structure. Such factors as the presence of solvents and plasticizers, previous thermal history, previous solvent history, and the degree of crystallinity of the polymer behavior affect membrane behavior. However, as the polymers are better understood, these drawbacks for the researcher may be of advantage to those tailoring a polymer to a specific use.

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Study on Chemical Structures of Tetrafluoroethylene-Perfluoro-Alkyl-Vinylether Copolymer by EB-Irradiation in the Molten State

Perfluorinated polymers such as tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymer (PFA) with remarkable chemical durability and thermal stability have been applied for industry. However, PFA has been classified to be typical radiation-degradable polymer. In our previous work [1], it has been found that crosslinked PFA has been obtained by irradiation under oxygen-free atmosphere in its molten state. In this study, the change of thermo-physical properties and the chemical structures of crosslinked PFA were studied by DSC and F-NMR. PFA was irradiated by soft electron beam (soft-EB) under nitrogen atmosphere at 583K±3K.

The present invention includes a polyvinyl acetal having a softening temperature Tg of less than 74 ° C., and at least one cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid ester as a plasticizer, a sheet containing a plasticizer. The plasticizer-containing sheets showed slight exudation tendency of plasticizers, combined may be used for the manufacture of glass and the photovoltaic module.

eng_Latn

Polymer photonic technologies for optical communications

The impact of photonics in telecommunications is indisputably massive; however it relies on efficient cost reduction which is in turn only possible if significant cost savings are made at all steps in the development of the photonic device from the material to packaging. The PHOTOPOLIS consortium has identified polymer technology as the ideal solution for producing low-cost devices. The paper aims to discuss the status of polymer photonic components and subsystems able to generate, transmit and manage optical information in a cost effective manner.

Main problem ::: The microfill veneering of hybrid composite restorations has been indicated to improve esthetics. Also, polyethylene fiber reinforcement has been proposed for use in composite restorations in high-stress clinical situations. However, minimal information in the literature addresses the influence of such combinations on the resistance to fracture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the flexural strength of two composites, a microfill and a hybrid, the effect of their combination, and the influence of polyethylene fiber reinforcement.

eng_Latn

A calorimetric study of the process of formation of a supramolecular high-density polyethylene structure in mixtures with different oxides after plastic deformation under high pressure

Mixtures of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene with 95 wt % oxides of different elements were subjected to plastic deformation under the pressure of 1 GPa at a high pressure device of the Bridgman anvil type and thermal effects were studied using the DSC technique. Thermograms contained exothermic peaks with a maximum at 50–90°C related to cold crystallization of the polymer. The process of polymer fusion was described by two peaks with the maximums at T 1 = 125–128°C and T 2 = 136–139°C. The low-temperature peak was related to fusion of a structure with high amounts of defects formed on the oxide surface.

To deal with the market demand and the production organization feature of steel making enterprises,we formulate the optimization of charge design as a cluster analysis problem with quality constraints on chemical compositions.A particle-swarm-optimization-based(PSO-based) solution is proposed for reducing the dimensions based on the principal component analysis(PCA) techniques.The range constraints of chemical compositions for products with similar quality are introduced in terms of traditional process constraints,due time constraints and furnace capacity constraints,etc.The solution adopts an integration schema for charge plan and quality design.It performs the cluster analysis for candidate products with similar chemical compositions and constraints to realize the optimal charge design under quality constraints on steel products of multiple varieties and in small batch demands.

eng_Latn

Preparation and Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Monolithic Column for Felodipine in Micro-liquid Chromatography

This study concentrated on the production of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as highly selective sorbents for felodipine (FLD), a representive dihydropyridine calcium antagonists.Demonstrated chromatographically through a selection factor, these MIPs showed high selectivity for the template molecule among a group of structurally similar compounds. The recognition was found to correlate with structural similarity to the template compound.

Abstract This work proposes a multi-period and spatially explicit framework conceived to drive strategic policies on biofuels. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed as quantitative tool to optimise the oncoming transition towards more sustainable infrastructures. This paper addresses the design of bioethanol supply chains where both corn grain and stover are considered as suitable biomass. A Mixed Integer Linear Program is proposed to optimise the system financial performance and to comply with EU environmental regulation by taking into account a wide number of technological options. Bioethanol production in Northern Italy is chosen as a demonstrative case study.

eng_Latn

2 Chemistry and Characterization of Portland Cement

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the physical and chemical properties, and the performance of the remarkable material, which are crucial to every facet of well cementing technology. The chapter reviews the manufacture, chemical composition, hydration chemistry, and classification of Portland cements. Well cementing exposes Portland cement to conditions far different from those anticipated by its inventor. Cement systems must be designed to be pumped under conditions ranging from below freezing in permafrost zones to greater than 1,000° F (538°C) in some thermal recovery wells. After placement, the cement systems preserve their integrity and provide zonal isolation during the life of the well. It is possible to accommodate such a wide range of conditions through the development of additives which modify the available Portland cements for individual well requirements.

Application of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors for odor sensing has been an important research topic. Proper performance of odor sensing systems with QCM sensors requires good discrimination among odor samples. Recently we have been studying pegylated lipopolymers - composed of lipid and poly(ethylene glycol). (PEG) The materials allowed for very good discrimination among odorants of different functional groups. Here we study lipopolymers with various molecular weight of PEG moiety. Our results indicate that the PEG chain length is an important factor influencing lipopolymer's sensing properties.

eng_Latn

Physico-Chemistry of the Hydrolysed Polyacrylamide—Chromium III Interaction in Relation to Rheological Properties

This paper deals with the behaviour of hydrolyse d Polyacrylamide solutions in the presence of chromium III. First, using potentiometry and spectroscopy, we study the complexation between chromium III and sodium acetate used as a low molecular weight model for the polymer. Then the same methods are applied to investigate the polymer—Cr(III) complexation and the results are discussed in conjunction with the nature of the physical states of the systems. Finally, we perform rheological measurements in the sol—gel transition regime in a range where the number of crosslinking points can be calculated unambiguously.

Monomers and aggregates of Merocyanine 540 (MC540) in water are able to photoisomerize. The shape of the photoisomer absorption spectrum is very similar to that of the ground state. Triplet state of MC540 in water has been produced by energy transfer from triplet anthracene and displays a broad absorption spectrum between 600 and 700 nm. The triplet state may also be produced by direct excitation of MC540 with UV light. However, when the dye is excited by visible light, no triplet state absorbance in the red could be detected so that the triplet yield of MC540 in water seems to be excitation wavelength dependent.

eng_Latn

The effect of dispersing agents on the dyeing of polyester with a disperse dye

An experimental procedure has been devised to study the interdependence of three dispersing agents present in the dyeing of polyester with CI Disperse Orange 21. The method involves the use of ternary diagrams to represent the relationship between dyeing properties and the concentration of dispersing agents present in a dyebath. The technique could be applied to commercial dyeing of polyester with disperse dyes.

A new Monte Carlo simulation tool, called PetDetSim and its experimental validation is presented. The simulation environment aims to model PET detectors and applies the Detect2000 code. Light output of LYSO and GSO crystal pins of different size and surface finish, covered with diffuse or specular reflectors was experimentally determined and compared with the results of the simulations. By improving the model concerning the pin and reflector geometry and the wavelength dependent reflection of the photocathode, the figure of merit could be considerably improved. The initially 34% deviation between simulation and measurements decreased below 11% for all LYSO crystal configurations.

eng_Latn

Vibrational autoionization in polyatomic molecules

▪ Abstract The vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg states of small polyatomic molecules provide a fascinating laboratory in which to study fundamental nonadiabatic processes. In this review, recent results on the vibrational mode dependence of vibrational autoionization are discussed. In general, autoionization rates depend strongly on the character of the normal mode driving the process and on the electronic character of the Rydberg electron. Although quantitative calculations based on multichannel quantum defect theory are available for some polyatomic molecules, including H3, only qualitative information exists for most molecules. This review shows how qualitative information, such as Walsh diagrams along different normal coordinates of the molecule, can provide insight into the vibrational autoionization rates.

The invention relates to an effect on keratin-containing fibers, in particular human hair, oxidatively acting agent containing in addition at least one oxidizing agent, a combination of active ingredients (A) a selected cationic polymer, (b) at least one mono- or di- (C (C) at least one quaternary ammonium compound which carries at least a selected group at the quaternized nitrogen atom, and a method for reshaping keratin fibers, in which this means is applied, and the use of this agent for fixing in the course of a hair forming. The transformation is improved by this means and that the fiber gets an excellent care and structural preservation.

eng_Latn

Partial Protection of Carbohydrate Derivatives. Part 27.1 Further Improvement in the Protecting Procedure for Oligonucleotide Synthesis in Terms of a Cellulose Acetate Derivative as a Polymer-Support

Abstract Utilization of a (3-carboxy)propionyl spacer for the cellulose acetate polymer-support, a comparative study of 2-cyanoethyl and diphenylcarbamoyl protecting groups for the O 6-position of the guanosine unit, protecting groups for 1-β-D-ribofur-anosylthymine (rT) and pseudouridine (Ψ) is described in connection with the syntheses of oligoribonucleotides, i.e., a tridecamer, ApAp-GpGpApApApApUpUpApUpG, and a dodecamer, UpCpCpGpGprTp-ΨpGpApUpU.

This paper presents an inferential property prediction scheme for a high pressure polyethylene autoclave reactor. The development of a dynamic model of the process is described. It was derived from a consideration of the reaction mechanism and uses reaction temperatures, pressure and gas composition to predict the degree of polymerisation of the polymer. The values of certain key parameters in the model were derived from steady state data from the ICI Alkathenc plant at Botany Site. The model was shown to predict the degree of polymerisation during grade transition with an appropriate accuracy although it benefited from an on-line adaption scheme.

eng_Latn

Interaction of Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Solutions with Iodine

An experimental study of the interaction of iodine with the ether linkage of some polyethylene glycols was made. The conditions for producing 1:1 complexes of were determined. Some qualitative observations are presented on the effects of polymer weight, polymer-iodine ratios in solution, and on the behavior of these complexes in analytical reactions.

This paper contrasts normal biochemistry reaction with MUG - Indole quick - examination in the suspicious strain of E. coli. The result shows: the biochemistry reaction of this strain conforms with national stardard in the normal examing times, and this strain is non - typical E. coli, but if citrate utilization time is extended to 144 hours, the result is changed to - + - +. The examination of MUG - Indole are negative at all.

eng_Latn

Chemiluminescence in the oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons

1. ::: ::: Formation of chemiluminescence emitters during the liquid-phase oxidation of olefins by molecular oxygen can proceed through peroxide radical disproportionation or through the breakdown of intermediate molecular oxidation products. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: A study of the kinetics of these processes has shown that the second of these two possibilities is realized through dioxetanes and polymeric peroxides formed by chain reactions in the oxidation process.

The authors report a simple method for the artificial fabrication of the complex three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructures of butterfly wing scales. This method uses chemical vapor deposition, UV lithography, and chemical etching to create the ultrastructures over a large area surpassing previously used focused ion beam techniques that are limited to microscopic areas. Furthermore, this method shows flexibility to modify nanostructure types and can precisely control shapes and dimensions and periodicity. Fabricated 3D ultrastructures are also replicated using a nanoimprint method into soft polymer materials. Reflectivity measurements and simulations of the master and polymer replicas show selective UV reflection consistent with the length scales used in such butterfly-like nanostructures.

eng_Latn

Carbon-containing, titanium dioxide-based photocatalyst, and process for producing the same

The invention relates to a titanium dioxide-based photocatalyst containing carbon that is highly photoactive in visible light (vlp-TiO2) and to a method of manufacture. The vlp-TiO2 is manufactured by mixing a fine grained titanium compount (BET>=50m /g) with an organic carbon compound and subsequent thermal treatment at temperatures up to 400 DEG C. The carbon content amounts to 0.05 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 0.8% by weight. The product is characterized by an ESR spectrum which displays only one significant signal in the g value range from 1.97 to 2.05 at g about 2.003. The inventive photocatalyst can be used for to degrade contaminants and pollutants in liquids and gases.

Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.

eng_Latn

Theoretical Basis of Hemodynamic MR Imaging Techniques to Measure Cerebral Blood Volume, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Permeability

Cerebrovascular hemodynamic assessment adds new information to standard anatomic MR imaging and improves patient care. This article reviews the theoretic underpinnings of several potentially quantitative MR imaging-based methods that shed light on the hemodynamic status of the brain, including cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and contrast agent permeability. Techniques addressed include dynamic susceptibility contrast (which most simply and accurately estimates CBV), arterial spin labeling (a powerful method to measure CBF), and contrast-enhanced methods to derive permeability parameters such as the transport constant Ktrans.

In the pilot study on the treatment of polyvinyl chloride centrifugal mother liquid wastewater by using a combination of MBR and RO,the removal efficiency of organics and suspending solid together with the capability to resist the impact of the system were researched.The changes of the biological phase in the MBR and the membrane fouling of both membranes were observed.The experiment results show that the total removal efficiency of COD was over 95%,the effluent less than 40 mg/L can meet the requirement of wastewater discharge standard.Furthermore,the effluent of the MBR can reach the polymerization reuse water standard with a water recovery more than 70% after being treated by antiosmosis,Ion exchange or EDI.Film properties are in a good state during the experiment.

eng_Latn

Size Determination of Latex Particles by Optical Methods

Using plain turbidimetry and a method combining filtration and turbidimetry, determination of latex particle size was carried out on a series of samples. Plain turbidimetry is a convenient method for measuring the particle size of latexes, but it has one shortcoming. When original materials of latex particles in a sample series are not chemically identical, different calibrations must be achieved because the refractive index is not the same among the original materials. The combined method turned out to be more versatile than plain turbidimetry, due to insensitivity to changes of the chemical properties of the particles. Sensitiveness was restricted to only the particle dimension.

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of Lupeol.Methods: Utilizing a thin-film dispersion method, we prepared Lupeol-loaded PEGylated lipo...

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High-Performance Optical Plastic Cyclo Olefin Polymer ZEONEX®

Cyclo Olefin Polymer ZEONEX®, with its unique properties, high transmission, low birefringence and low water absorption, provides excellent optical components, which exhibits outstanding optical performance as well as durability under high humidity and temperature conditions.

Objective To study the best extracting technology of Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.Methods The total polysaccharides and total saponins were determined by UV spectrophotometer.With the content of total polysaccharides and total saponins as comprehensive indexes,orthogonal test was applied to investigation of the water addition,extraction time,and extraction times for optimizing the best extracting technology.Results The best extracting technology was using 10 times the amount of water,extracting 3 times and 1.5 h per time.Conclusion The extraction technology is safe and effective,which can be used as extraction for Compound Taizishen Granule prescription.

eng_Latn

Mechanical Property Prediction Method Based on Multi-material 3D Printer

The application area of additive manufacturing, especially 3D printing is increasing dramatically. A 3D printer can produce objects with complex shapes, and it shows promising results in manufacturing technology which can replace conventional production technology. Nevertheless, the technique of 3D printing has several limitations regarding material usage and process optimization. Because of that most of the researchers pay attention to the development and optimization of materials in 3D printing. This paper presents a new technique for mechanical property prediction of 3D printing materials. It also discusses the simulation method which can accurately predict stresses and deformations for the complex structures that are built of two or more materials with various mechanical properties.

This study concentrated on the production of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as highly selective sorbents for felodipine (FLD), a representive dihydropyridine calcium antagonists.Demonstrated chromatographically through a selection factor, these MIPs showed high selectivity for the template molecule among a group of structurally similar compounds. The recognition was found to correlate with structural similarity to the template compound.

eng_Latn

A new method for estimation formation radial effective permeability based on wireline formation testing

Testing interpreting is the most directly method to get formation radial effective permeability,but its testing cost is relatively expensive.The paper proposed a new method to get the permeability by combining wire-line formation testing(WFT)to nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)logging,based on the new method,permeabil-ity from NMR logging is calibrated by several point horizontal permeability from WFT,and then,the average per-meability can be obtained by calculating average scaled NMR logging permeability,The average permeability shows both formation vertical heterogeneity and WFT effectiveness.The method had been applied in field testing,and the permeability from the method has higher precision than DST test,as well as,its cost is very low.

In the pilot study on the treatment of polyvinyl chloride centrifugal mother liquid wastewater by using a combination of MBR and RO,the removal efficiency of organics and suspending solid together with the capability to resist the impact of the system were researched.The changes of the biological phase in the MBR and the membrane fouling of both membranes were observed.The experiment results show that the total removal efficiency of COD was over 95%,the effluent less than 40 mg/L can meet the requirement of wastewater discharge standard.Furthermore,the effluent of the MBR can reach the polymerization reuse water standard with a water recovery more than 70% after being treated by antiosmosis,Ion exchange or EDI.Film properties are in a good state during the experiment.

eng_Latn

On the minimum of Poisson's ratio in polymers

The calculation ofPoisson's ratio from the complexYoung's modulus and the complex shear modulus of polyvinylchloride as function of the temperature through the entire glass transition leads to curves with comparatively deep minima. It is shown that the shape of thePoisson's ratio curve depends on the rate of temperature change during the measurements. No minima were found in direct measurements ofPoisson's ratio.

Application of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors for odor sensing has been an important research topic. Proper performance of odor sensing systems with QCM sensors requires good discrimination among odor samples. Recently we have been studying pegylated lipopolymers - composed of lipid and poly(ethylene glycol). (PEG) The materials allowed for very good discrimination among odorants of different functional groups. Here we study lipopolymers with various molecular weight of PEG moiety. Our results indicate that the PEG chain length is an important factor influencing lipopolymer's sensing properties.

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Pure trans - lutein ester composition and a manufacturing method thereof

The present invention provides a composition having a xanthophyll esters of high content of trans key rate xanthophyll ester components is high of the composition - a composition comprising lutein ester. The present invention also provides methods of making and using such compositions.

A high resolution, laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometer (LITOF-MS) was used to study lead borate glasses and crystals. This technique provides valuable information about glass structure, including the superstructural network units. Several structural units were identified and we found evidence of a lead substructure beginning to form in the glass with increased lead content.

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Make an Electrophoresis Gel

Electrophoresis is the term used for the study of the way charged particles move through a medium when subjected to an electrical field. The particles will travel through the gel at different speeds, depending on the charge carried by the particle and the size of the particle that must push through the somewhat restrictive medium.

Did you run out of glitter glue for your project? Or were you unable to find the color you needed? Whatever your predicament is, you can always make your own glitter glue.

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Symptoms: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Action by the Brain

Women who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome may respond to pain signals differently from other women, a new study suggests.

TWIN FALLS, Idaho - A couple of cows must have been in the mood for some holiday shopping when they jumped out of a moving trailer on busy boulevard. One of the Holstein heifers headed for ShopKo, and the other headed for Taco Bell.

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do bcaa cause constipation

Summary: there is no Constipation reported by people who take Bcaas yet. We study people who have side effects while taking Bcaas from FDA and social media. Find out below who they are, when they have Constipation and more.

Excess BCAAs = protection against muscle breakdown. BCAA’s also signal the release of insulin, which allows the body to absorb any circulating amino acids and glucose for energy. They’re absolutely critical for the development and maintenance of muscle tissue. I can’t stress that enough.

fra_Latn

gas in upper stomach what to do

In many cases, the symptoms of abdominal bloating can be diminished or even prevented by adopting a few simple lifestyle changes. 1 Don’t chew gum. Chewing gum can cause you to swallow extra air, which in turn can lead to bloating. Limit your intake of carbonated drinks.

Barium sulfate. The upper gastrointestinal (GI) series is a radiological examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after ingestion of barium sulfate, which is a milkshake-like, radiopaque substance. A combination of x-ray and fluoroscopy techniques are used to record the study.

eng_Latn

erythritol how much causes diarrhea

Many people report upset stomach and diarrhea after consuming normal amounts of erythritol in food or beverages. If consumption is high (50 grams or more per day) then digestive troubles, including gas, cramping, bloating, stomachache and diarrhea, become even more likely. One study specifically showed that the intake of 50 grams of erythritol causes stomach rumbling and nausea.

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (polyol). It has a good flavour comparable to sugar but with a slight cooling effect. It has little or no aftertaste. It has only 0.2 calories per gram, 5% of the value of sugar. And because it has 65% of the sweetness of sugar this makes it excellent as part of a calorie controlled diet.

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Van der Waals (vdW) volumes ( V w,x ) of 117 molecular fragments ( X ) have been calculated by numerical integration of the van der Waals envelope using the hard-sphere approximation, standard geometries, and effective atomic van der Waals radii which were determined by comparison of their effects on the predicted sterically allowed conformations of peptides with observed crystal structures. vdW volume fragmental constants give accurate estimates of molecular, vdW volume as sum of approximate V w,x s.

A pattern recognition quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study has been performed to determine the molecular features of carbamate anticonvulsants which influence biological activity. Although carbamates, such as felbamate, have been used to treat epilepsy, their mechanisms of efficacy and toxicity are not completely understood. Quantum and classical mechanics calculations have been exploited to describe 46 carbamate drugs. Employing a principal component analysis and multiple linear regression calculations, five crucial structural descriptors were identified which directly relate to the bioactivity of the carbamate family. With the resulting mathematical model, the biological activity of carbamate analogues can be predicted with 85-90% accuracy.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Niridazole in dracontiasis: A controlled study

Abstract A double-blind trial with niridazole has conclusively shown the value of the drug in the treatment of dracontiasis. The therapeutic efficacy was evident from the rapidity with which healing occurred in more than 90% of the patients in the niridazole group. Although minor side effects were seen in a large number of patients, the acceptability of the drug was fairly high.

Objective To discuss the key point of diagnosis and treatment of non=invasive fungal naso sinusitis with naso-endoscopy.Methods The clinical materials of 47 cases of such patient were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 45 cases cured after 6 months to 5 year follow-up according to Haikou standard.There was a relapsed in short time who was changed dressing with endoscopy.And a case was re-operated one and half year after first time.Conclusion The micro-invasive operation could remove the fungus tissue in sinus and reconstruct ventilation.The local use of corticosteroid could change the sinus environment so that to prevent the relapse.

eng_Latn

what kind of antibiotic due you take for sinus infections

1 The guidelines help doctors distinguish between viral and bacterial infections so they know when to prescribe antibiotics. 2 Amoxicillin-clavulanate should be prescribed for bacterial sinus infections, due to increasing resistance against amoxicillin.

Most sinus infections are caused by viruses, which don't respond to antibiotics. But even bacterial sinus infections rarely require antibiotic treatment, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.In most cases, both types of infection go away on their own in less than two weeks.Most patients get better despite antibiotics, not because of them, says Garbutt.ealth.com: How to tell if you need an antibiotic. The study included 166 people with moderate or severe sinus infections. Half of the participants took amoxicillin three times a day for 10 days, and the other half took a placebo on the same schedule.

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home remedies for gerd symptoms

Tests to diagnose acid reflux (GERD) include and upper GI series (X-rays of the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the intestine), an upper GI endoscopy, esophageal manometry, or a 24-hour pH probe study. Home remedies for acid reflux include changes in lifestyle, diet, and habits. Treatment of acid reflux includes over-the-counter (OTC) medications including antacids and H2-blockers; prescription medications such as proton pump inhibitors, coating agents, and promotility agents; and in severe cases, surgery.

Natural remedies for acid reflux. Did you know that one in 10 Americans experience symptoms of heartburn at least once a week? If chronic heartburn is left untreated, it can lead to a more serious condition, like gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. There are over-the-counter and prescription medications to help prevent and ease the symptoms of acid reflux. But for those who prefer a more natural approach, there are other solutions. *Chewing gum – Chew a piece of sugar-free gum 30 minutes after eating, which can help wash away acid.

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does honey lemon tea help sore throat

Answers from James M. Steckelberg, M.D. Drinking tea or warm lemon water mixed with honey is a time-honored way to soothe a sore throat. But honey alone may be an effective cough suppressant, too. In one study, children age 2 and older with upper respiratory tract infections were given up to 2 teaspoons (10 milliliters) of honey at bedtime.

A warm infusion of ginger with honey added may also soothe a sore throat. Bring 6 cups of water to a boil and add four slices of fresh ginger root. Reduce heat and simmer for ten minutes. Let the mixture cool until it is just slightly warmer than body temperature and mix in 2 to 3 tablespoons of honey. Sip the infusion whenever your throat feels sore.

eng_Latn

what is the thing for a cough

1. Honey. Honey is a time-honored remedy for a sore throat. According to a 2007 study, it can also relieve coughs more effectively than over-the-counter medicines that contain dextromethorphan (DM), a cough suppressant. You can create your own remedy at home by mixing honey with herbal tea, or warm water and lemon.

2. Cough is generally a symptom of some other problem in the body. It is wise to pull the rug out from under the cough by helping the rest of the body get well. Healthy bodies do not cough. Whether it is a cold, flu, bronchitis, or pneumonia, strengthening one's immune system with Vitamin C can only help.

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does breathe strips actually help

Nighttime nasal congestion can lead to snoring, since you're more likely to breathe through your mouth when there is restricted airflow through your nose. Breathe Right® nasal strips work to improve airflow in your nose, which can help reduce snoring. In clinical study, 90% of snorers reported better sleep* with Breathe Right®. Which means Breathe Right nasal strips can have a positive impact for many snorers and their bed partners.

I have to admit that flonase really helps me in my time of breathing problems, which is also in spring. I must admit that runny nose could be really annoying matter, even though harmless. I know that this drug is very effective, but it does have its own issues, that mean side effects. And headache is one of those.

eng_Latn

ways to lessen the garlic breath

Eat a small bowl of plain yogurt, or drink a glass of milk. Both cause a discernible reduction in garlic breath. Whole milk products are more effective than low-fat or skim milk products, according to a study in the August 17, 2010 issue of Journal of Food Science..

Health Benefits of Garlic Juice: Mix 10 drops of garlic juice with 2 tbsp of honey in a glass of water. Drink this daily to control asthma attacks. Mix garlic juice with hot water and gargle to get rid of Sore throat. Add 20 drops of garlic juice to a glass of pomegranate juice. It helps to cure all types of cough.

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what nasal spray to use for ear fluid

Eustachian tube dysfunction at its mildest would cause symptoms of ear clogging much akin to the way the ears fill up when flying or driving up the mountain. At its worst, can lead to fluid buildup in the ear as well as chronic ear infections. In the study population of 91 patients, they found that use of a steroid nasal spray did NOT help... HOWEVER, after reading the paper, there is a major flaw to how the study was conducted which would significantly affect study outcomes.

Swimmer's ear drops or alcohol drops (Swim-EAR®) used in the ear after water exposure followed by drying the ear with a hair dryer held at arm's length will often help keep the ear free of moisture Do not insert instruments, scratch, or use cotton swabs in the ears.

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Skeletal and cardiac muscle involvement is a recognized feature of the muscular dystrophies. Visceral smooth muscle involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is not as well appreciated. Gastrointestinal symptoms may herald the onset of a muscular disorder and may be the predominant feature of the disorder. In some instances, smooth muscle dysfunction may be the only clinical manifestation of the disease. The gastrointestinal manifestations of the various muscular dystrophies are reviewed. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic features are discussed. Further study of the histopathology and pathophysiology of visceral smooth muscle involvement in the muscular dystrophies will have a substantial impact on treatment that, to a large extent, remains empiric.

Impaired gastric motility ascribable to a defective nitric oxide (NO) production has been reported in dystrophic (mdx) mice. Since relaxin upregulates NO biosynthesis, its effects on the motor resp...

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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A parallel study was conducted on two Indo-Pacific foliose sponges. The first specimen contains 3-hydroxy-20,22-dimethyl-20-deoxoscalarin (2), while the second contains 3-oxo-20,22-dimethyl-20-dioxoscalarin 8 (3). The physical properties as well as X-ray results confirming the structure and stereochemical features of these compounds are presented first. The difficulty we encountered in the taxonomic identification of these species is also discussed. One of our specimens is identical to material considered by different taxonomists as either Phyllospongia vermicularis or Dysidea vermicularis. The other is identified as Carteriospongia sp. We outline that the parallel chemistry of these two specimens suggests that they are closely related taxonomically.

In addition to their pharmaceutical applications, sponges are an important source of compounds that are used to elucidate classification patterns and phylogenetic relationships. Here we present a review and outlook on chemosystematics in sponges in seven sections: Secondary metabolites in sponges; Further applications of bioactive compound research in sponges; Sponge chemotaxonomy; Pitfalls of sponge chemotaxonomy; The chemotaxonomic suitability of sponge compounds; Potential synapomorphic markers in sponges; and The future of sponge chemotaxonomy.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This study was conducted at the National Park of El Kala (Algeria) which has a mosaic of habitats, and located in north-eastern Algeria. This rich landscape induces another one; it is the ecological biodiversity of the park. We are interested in a particular species of mammal that is the Black Rat (Rattus rattus) and specifically in identifying different species of parasites that her little body homes and vehicles. The Black Rat’s skin is very noisy. We identified mites (Dermanysus bacoti), ticks (Ixodes ricinus), fleas (Nosopsyllus fasciatus and Xenopsylla chiopis), lice (Poluplax sp) and sandflies (Flebotomus sp.).

Summary Flea-borne infections are emerging or re-emerging throughout the world, and their incidence is on the rise. Furthermore, their distribution and that of their vectors is shifting and expanding. This publication reviews general flea biology and the distribution of the flea-borne diseases of public health importance throughout the world, their principal flea vectors, and the extent of their public health burden. Such an overall review is necessary to understand the importance of this group of infections and the resources that must be allocated to their control by public health authorities to ensure their timely diagnosis and treatment.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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MANETs are widely used to communicate with each other wireless devices via bidirectional wireless links either directly or indirectly and these functionalities are performed by collection of mobile nodes equipped with both wireless transmitter and a receiver. However, the open medium and wide distribution of nodes make MANET vulnerable to malicious attackers. In this case, it is crucial to develop efficient intrusion-detection mechanisms to protect MANET from attacks. To overcome this problem a new approach for intrusion-detection system named Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgment (EAACK) is proposed for MANETs. Compared to contemporary approaches, EAACK demonstrates higher malicious-behavior-detection rates in certain circumstances while does not greatly affect the network performances.

MANETs have unique characteristics like dynamic topology, wireless radio medium, limited resources and lack of centralized administration, as a result, they are vulnerable to different types of attacks in different layers of protocol stack. Each node in a MANET is capable of acting as a router. Routing is one of the aspects having various security concerns. In this paper, we will present survey of common Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks on network layer namely Wormhole attack, Black hole attack and Gray hole attack which are serious threats for MANETs. We will also discuss some proposed solutions to detect and prevent these attacks. As MANETs are widely used in many vital applications, lots of research work has to be done to find efficient solutions against these DoS attacks that can work for different routing protocols.

Purpose ::: The aim of this study was to determine whether high keV monoenergetic reconstruction of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) could be used to overcome the effects of beam hardening artefact that arise from preferential deflection of low energy photons.

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