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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly used in different application fields thanks to several advantages such as cost-effectiveness, scalability, flexibility and self-organization. A hot research topic concerns the study of algorithms and mechanisms for reducing the power consumption of the nodes in order to maximize their lifetime. To this end, this paper proposes an approach based on two fuzzy controllers that determine the sleeping time and the transmission power. Simulation results reveal that the device lifetime is increased by 30% with respect to the use of fixed sleeping time and transmission power and by 25% with respect to a state-of-the-art work that adjusts only the sleeping time.

In wireless sensor network, it is essential to find effective means for power control of randomly distributed nodes. In this paper, based on diverse receiving QoS parameters, a fuzzy algorithm for peer to peer power control of wireless sensor nodes is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces packet error rate (PER) and prolongs survival time of network, compared with fixed transmission power method. Thus, this fuzzy algorithm could realize reliable data transmission with low power consumption.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

eng_Latn

Observer-based switched control design for switched linear systems with time delay in detection of switching signal

We investigate the observer-based switched control design problem for switched linear systems with time delay in detection of switching signal. First, an improved and generalised estimate on the matrix norm is established (Lemma 2 in Section 2). Then, based on two important lemmas, under the assumption that each subsystem is controllable and observable, online and offline observer-based switched control design methods to guarantee the asymptotical and exponential stabilisabilities are given, respectively. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the results. Our results complement the results of Xie et al. about state feedback stabilisation of switched linear systems.

Wireless sensor networks have been deployed for many applications such as surveillance an area or a set of targets and lifetime maximization is one the most important challenges in wireless sensor networks. When a set of sensor nodes dropped into a field by aircraft or manually to monitor a set of targets, scheduling sensor nodes to monitor deployed targets is necessary to prolong network lifetime. Scheduling sensor nodes into cover set is one of the most important approaches to solve this problem. Hence, it is desirable to activate a minimum number of sensor nodes that are able to monitor all targets and turn off redundant nodes to save energy. In this paper, we used Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) to schedule sensor nodes into cover sets that can monitor deployed targets and increase lifetime and ICA is used as a method to create cover set in network. To study performance of our approach computer simulations conducted and results of

eng_Latn

A Novel MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Power Control

Issues such as the hidden and exposed terminal problems and limited traffic carrying capability still remain unsolved in wireless ad hoc networks. In this paper, we present a novel MAC protocol employing power control. Our design mainly focuses on alleviating the problems of the hidden and exposed terminals and enhancing spatial reuse. We introduce an effective power control scheme to facilitate the power negotiation between the source node and the receiver node. Our protocol can collaborate well with high layer protocols such as AODV in the multi-hop scenarios. We implement our protocol in OPNET environment and study the parameters to optimize its performance. Our preliminary simulation results indicate that, with properly chosen parameters, our protocol works well and achieves considerably high performance in both sparse and dense ad hoc networks.

The authors’ work is supported by an MRC core grant to the Mitochondrial Biology Unit (MC_UU_00015/5).

eng_Latn

Detecting Change Information Automatically by Method of Wavelet Coefficient Difference

Tow dimensional wavelet transform is widely used in various fields of image processing.It is utilized in landuse remote sensing dynamic monitoring to detect chang information automatically in the paper. By using PCA transform on the multi spectrum images of two different periods, the first three principal components were chosen to perform wavelet transform, and the two temporal wavelet coefficients of corresponding principal components were subtracted. It is detected that value difference of land using areas with no change was approximately zero, while the absolute value difference of the changing areas was great and with high energy, so the image performed wavelet counter transform can display land using changing areas with high brightness. Using image data to emulate and field validate the monitor result, the precision using the method mentioned here can meet the demand of practical application.

In this paper, we consider a network of N identical IEEE 802.11 DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) terminals with RTS/CTS mechanism, each of which is assumed to be saturated. For performance analysis, we propose a simple and efficient mathematical model to derive the statistical characteristics of the network such as the inter-transmission time of packets in the network and the service time (the inter-transmission time of successful packet transmissions) of the network. Numerical results and simulations are provided to validate the accuracy of our model and to study the performance of the IEEE 802.11 DCF network.

eng_Latn

A review of routing in ad hoc networks

Routing in ad hoc networks is a major criteria, which always plays a key role. A study of routing in ad hoc networks should not focus only on finding a shortest path to the destination. So, we have done a study of routing in ad hoc networks which takes into account the important factors which revolves around routing, like routing the packets through a shortest path, identifying the neighbors by broadcasting messages, using different parameters to reduce the overhead because of flooding, route discovery to find an appropriate route to the destination, using location-based information for route discovery, retrieving the information about destination using Hint-Based Probabilistic protocol and a protocol WARP (Wormhole-Avoidance Routing Protocol) to detect and quarantine the wormhole nodes, when routing the packets to the destination.

The impacts of charge trapping and filament-induced anisotropy on the resistive switching mechanism in hafnia are formulated and quantified. Using ab initio calculations, we find the energetics and kinetics of oxygen vacancies in hafnium oxide resistive random access memory are strongly influenced by charge trapping at vacancy sites as well as the local crystal structure and presence of nearby conductive filaments.

eng_Latn

Overlay routing under geographically correlated failures in distributed event-based systems

In this paper we study the problem of enabling uninterrupted delivery of messages between endpoints, subject to spatially correlated failures in addition to independent failures. We developed a failure model-independent algorithm for computing routing paths based on failure correlations using both a-priory failure statistics together with available real-time monitoring information. The algorithm provides the most cost-efficient message routes that are potentially comprised of multiple simultaneous paths. We also designed and implemented an Internet-based overlay routing service that allows applications to construct and maintain highly resilient end-to-end paths. We have deployed our system over a set of geographically distributed Planetlab nodes. Our experimental results illustrate the feasibility and performance of our approach.

In this article, we propose relay node placement for providing k-connectivity to randomly deployed sensor nodes with energy efficacy using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Here, we also explain the basic step of GA with suitable examples. Also, we carried out the extensive simulations to study proposed algorithm’s performance with existing one in terms of number of deployed nodes and lifetime of the network.

eng_Latn

Device for air saturation in flight deck of passenger or cargo aircraft

FIELD: transport; heating. SUBSTANCE: air saturation device allows to adjust air saturation in flight deck of passenger or cargo aircraft by injection of air conditioning fluid media into cabin via outlet nozzle. Air conditioning fluid media contains water as one of components, it is dispersed in the injection point in immediate vicinity of outlet nozzle. Air conditioning fluid media contains air-blast supplied to of outlet nozzle with water being injected into it. Air-blast is supplied to injection point at temperature exceeding required effective temperature of air-blast having passed outlet nozzle by preset value. Other variant of invention implementation regards air conditioning fluid media with water as sole component and water is sprayed at temperature exceeding temperature in flight deck. EFFECT: comfortable air humidity in aircraft flight deck and sustaining comfortable heat for passengers on board. 10 cl, 6 dwg

In this paper, we study the behavior of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic over IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Specifically, we propose a QoS provisioning mechanism for VoIP traffic, and suggest a practical solution to configuring the 802.lie enhanced distributed control access (EDCA) parameter sets for different types of traffic. With our mechanism, the EDCA parameter sets can be easily configured via software interface in off-the-shelf WiFi phone products and it is not required to modify the operations of access points or 802.11 MAC layer protocols. The performance of our mechanism is evaluated via ns-2 simulations and via laboratory experiments over Quanta's 02 dual-mode handsets. The results show our mechanism can provide effective and efficient QoS provisioning for VoIP traffic over IEEE 802.11 WLANs.

eng_Latn

Overcoming glitches and dissipation timing skews in design of DPA-resistant cryptographic hardware

Cryptographic embedded systems are vulnerable to Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks. In this paper, we propose a logic design style, called as Precharge Masked Reed-Muller Logic (PMRML) to overcome the glitch and Dissipation Timing Skew (DTS) problems in design of DPA-resistant cryptographic hardware. Both problems can significantly reduce the DPA-resistance. To our knowledge, the DTS problem and its countermeasure have not been reported. The PMRML design can be fully realized using common CMOS standard cell libraries. Furthermore, it can be used to implement universal functions since any Boolean function can be represented as the Reed-Muller form. An AES encryption module was implemented with multi-stage PMRML. The results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the PMRML design methodology.

In this paper, we study the behavior of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic over IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Specifically, we propose a QoS provisioning mechanism for VoIP traffic, and suggest a practical solution to configuring the 802.lie enhanced distributed control access (EDCA) parameter sets for different types of traffic. With our mechanism, the EDCA parameter sets can be easily configured via software interface in off-the-shelf WiFi phone products and it is not required to modify the operations of access points or 802.11 MAC layer protocols. The performance of our mechanism is evaluated via ns-2 simulations and via laboratory experiments over Quanta's 02 dual-mode handsets. The results show our mechanism can provide effective and efficient QoS provisioning for VoIP traffic over IEEE 802.11 WLANs.

eng_Latn

Visible-Light-Mediated Oxidative Decarboxylative Coupling of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with Tetrahydrofuran

A visible-light-mediated protocol for direct oxidative decarboxylative coupling of various cinnamic acid derivatives with tetrahydrofuran was developed, leading to simple preparations of a range of vinyltetrahydrofurans under operationally mild and convenient conditions.

In this paper, we consider a network of N identical IEEE 802.11 DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) terminals with RTS/CTS mechanism, each of which is assumed to be saturated. For performance analysis, we propose a simple and efficient mathematical model to derive the statistical characteristics of the network such as the inter-transmission time of packets in the network and the service time (the inter-transmission time of successful packet transmissions) of the network. Numerical results and simulations are provided to validate the accuracy of our model and to study the performance of the IEEE 802.11 DCF network.

eng_Latn

Investigation of Topology Optimization of Magnetic Circuit by Using Density Method

The topology optimization using the density method, which determines the optimal topology by distributing the magnetic material in the design domain, is attractive for designers of magnetic devices, because an initial conceptual design can be obtained. As the number of design variables in design domain is so huge, a sufficient solution cannot be obtained by using the direct search method. Then, the steepest descent method is adopted to obtain the fast convergence. In this paper, some problems in applying the density method to the practical topology optimization are investigated. The accuracy of calculating the sensitivity using the adjoint variables method and the effect of initial material density on the obtained results are examined. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization method is illustrated by applying it to the determination of the optimal topology of permanent magnet which generates a uniform magnetic field.

Unlike traditional omni-directional sensors that always have an omni-angle of sensing range, directional sensors may be able to switch to several directions and each direction has a limited angle of sensing range. Area coverage is still an essential issue in a directional sensor network which consists of a number of directional sensors. In this paper, we study a novel "area coverage by directional sensors" problem. We propose the maximum directional area coverage (MDAC) problem to maximize covered area by scheduling the working directions of the sensors in the network. We prove the MDAC to be NP-complete and propose one distributed scheduling algorithm for the MDAC. Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

eng_Latn

Discussion on Composite Air Conditioning System with Ground Source Heat Pump and Water Energy Storage

The advantages of ground source heat pump and water energy storage are introduced. The operation principle and superiority of composite air conditioning system with ground source heat pump and water energy storage are analyzed. Combined with a project example,the operation scheme,equipment configuration and energy-saving analysis of composite air conditioning system with ground source heat pump and water energy storage are discussed.

Issues such as the hidden and exposed terminal problems and limited traffic carrying capability still remain unsolved in wireless ad hoc networks. In this paper, we present a novel MAC protocol employing power control. Our design mainly focuses on alleviating the problems of the hidden and exposed terminals and enhancing spatial reuse. We introduce an effective power control scheme to facilitate the power negotiation between the source node and the receiver node. Our protocol can collaborate well with high layer protocols such as AODV in the multi-hop scenarios. We implement our protocol in OPNET environment and study the parameters to optimize its performance. Our preliminary simulation results indicate that, with properly chosen parameters, our protocol works well and achieves considerably high performance in both sparse and dense ad hoc networks.

eng_Latn

Broadband external cavity quantum cascade laser based sensor for gasoline detection

A new type of tunable diode spectroscopy sensor based on an external cavity quantum cascade laser (ECQCL) and a quartz crystal tuning fork (QCTF) were used for quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds. In this work, the sensor system had been tested on different gasoline sample analysis. For signal processing, the self-established interpolation algorithm and multiple linear regression algorithm model were used for quantitative analysis of major volatile organic compounds in gasoline samples. The results were very consistent with that of the standard spectra taken from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) database. In future, The ECQCL sensor will be used for trace explosive, chemical warfare agent, and toxic industrial chemical detection and spectroscopic analysis, etc.

In this paper, we study the behavior of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic over IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Specifically, we propose a QoS provisioning mechanism for VoIP traffic, and suggest a practical solution to configuring the 802.lie enhanced distributed control access (EDCA) parameter sets for different types of traffic. With our mechanism, the EDCA parameter sets can be easily configured via software interface in off-the-shelf WiFi phone products and it is not required to modify the operations of access points or 802.11 MAC layer protocols. The performance of our mechanism is evaluated via ns-2 simulations and via laboratory experiments over Quanta's 02 dual-mode handsets. The results show our mechanism can provide effective and efficient QoS provisioning for VoIP traffic over IEEE 802.11 WLANs.

eng_Latn

New differential mode excitation photoacoustic scheme for near-infrared water vapour sensing

Abstract A new gas sensor based on the differential mode excitation photoacoustic (DME-PA) technique is presented. The DME-PA method utilizes the selective excitation of two different modes in a resonant photoacoustic cell and the gas concentration is derived from the amplitude ratio of these acoustic modes. The presented device has only one cell that acts as both sample and photoacoustic cell and uses a current-modulated near-infrared light emitting diode as excitation source. No power-meter is required for PA signal normalization. The new DME-PA sensor was tested with water vapour yielding a ±250 ppm uncertainty for the water vapour content of ambient air.

In this paper, we study the behavior of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic over IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Specifically, we propose a QoS provisioning mechanism for VoIP traffic, and suggest a practical solution to configuring the 802.lie enhanced distributed control access (EDCA) parameter sets for different types of traffic. With our mechanism, the EDCA parameter sets can be easily configured via software interface in off-the-shelf WiFi phone products and it is not required to modify the operations of access points or 802.11 MAC layer protocols. The performance of our mechanism is evaluated via ns-2 simulations and via laboratory experiments over Quanta's 02 dual-mode handsets. The results show our mechanism can provide effective and efficient QoS provisioning for VoIP traffic over IEEE 802.11 WLANs.

eng_Latn

A Practical Cross-layer QoS Mechanism for Voice over IP in IEEE 802.11e WLANs

In this paper, we study the behavior of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic over IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Specifically, we propose a QoS provisioning mechanism for VoIP traffic, and suggest a practical solution to configuring the 802.lie enhanced distributed control access (EDCA) parameter sets for different types of traffic. With our mechanism, the EDCA parameter sets can be easily configured via software interface in off-the-shelf WiFi phone products and it is not required to modify the operations of access points or 802.11 MAC layer protocols. The performance of our mechanism is evaluated via ns-2 simulations and via laboratory experiments over Quanta's 02 dual-mode handsets. The results show our mechanism can provide effective and efficient QoS provisioning for VoIP traffic over IEEE 802.11 WLANs.

This paper addresses the problem of channel and propagation delay estimation in asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. We consider the uplink connection in DS/CDMA with long spreading codes. The MIMO stochastic gradient algorithm proposed in [6] is estimating a linear combination of the channel impulse responses and the propagation delays. This estimate suffices for the equalization purposes. The propagation delays are estimated with a simple matching scheme.

yue_Hant

Omni Directional Antenna Assisted Scheme to Minimize Redundancy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) incorporate smart antennas for information propagation to offer connected coverage with reduced interference. This paper presents an omni directional antenna assisted scheme for WSNs to reduce network redundancy besides offering connected coverage. The directivity of an omni directional antenna outfitted on a sink node is exploited to reduce network redundancy and at the same time the connectivity of sensor nodes with the sink node is retained. The relationship between lobe count, beam width, rotation angle and directivity of an omni directional antenna in context of sensor networks is also discussed. Simulation results show a significant reduction in overall network redundancy if the rotation angle of the omni directional antenna fitted on the sink node is minimized from 360° to 30° .

Abstract : The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the systems engineering effort by the Aviation Research and Development Activity (AVRADA), the Airborne Engineering Research Activity (AERA), and support contractor DOSS to install the Trimble Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver onto Army helicopter platforms. This study is an example of a successful systems engineering effort to install a non-developmental item (NDI) onto existing aircraft platforms in response to an urgent requirement created by the deployment of aircraft for Operation Desert Shield.

eng_Latn

Towards a quality model for the evaluation of Mobile Decision Support Systems

The widespread use of wireless communications, Internet, and mobile technology offers the opportunity of supplying new generation of decision support commonly known as Mobile Decision Support Systems (MDSS). This paper describes research towards evaluation of such systems. Our view is that the end user will benefit if provided with a better Quality of MDSS. We propose a quality model taking into account several context aware criteria deriving measures for the evaluation of such mobile systems. We instigate the validation of this study through a use case.

Abstract : Instructions in the organization and use of the computer programs which implement the Initial NATO Reference Mobility Model (INRMM) are presented. A brief description of the mathematical equations and computing algorithms which predict the speed of a vehicle over a variety of terrain, the input data required, and the outputs generated is included. Some aid to the interpretation of various output variables is given.

eng_Latn

A Structured Light Encoding Method for M-array Technique

In this paper, we have designed a structured light encoding algorithm based on the fill-and-test-as-you-go-along method. The algorithm achieves significant improvement for the structured light encoding technology, which could encode a lager resolution pattern with a certain number of symbols for encoding. It is significant to improve the accuracy of 3D recognition using the structured light (SL) technology, and reduce the complexity of the structured light algorithm, which is wildly used in 3D reconstruction, tactile sensor based on vision, grasping and so on. In the comparative experiment, we obtain nearly twice the size of the pattern encoded by the proposed encoding algorithm.

We target energy efficiency of municipal access networks. A municipal access network typically provides coverage for city-wide area, and is characterized by diverse and dynamic traffic profiles. Most existing approaches to energy savings adapt network state to traffic variation. However, these approaches fail to capture the potential of energy savings by exploiting the traffic that has already existed in the network. We study network dimensioning for municipal mesh access networks to save energy by rearranging existing traffic and adjusting link rate. The problem of energy-efficient network dimensioning is formulated using mixed integer linear programming. We also propose an efficient heuristic algorithm that consists of both traffic engineering and link-rate adaptation. Numerical experimental results show that our scheme is more effective than link-rate adaptation in saving energy, and achieves a good balance between energy efficiency and resource efficiency.

eng_Latn

A comparative study of in-sensor processing vs. raw data transmission using ZigBee, BLE and Wi-Fi for data intensive monitoring applications

Experimental Study of Bluetooth, ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Technologies on Board High-Speed Trains

European Rail Traffic Management System - An overview

eng_Latn

Alarm prediction in large-scale sensor networks — A case study in railroad

Support-vector networks

Orthogonal Polynomials, Quadrature, and Approximation: Computational Methods and Software (in Matlab)

eng_Latn

A Survey of Communication Protocols for Automatic Meter Reading Applications

Homogeneous vs heterogeneous clustered sensor networks: a comparative study

Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks

eng_Latn

WiFi-Opp: ad-hoc-less opportunistic networking

Cellular traffic offloading through opportunistic communications: a case study

Adaptive backstepping control scheme with integral action for quanser 2-dof helicopter

eng_Latn

A Survey on Energy-Efficient Routing Techniques with QoS Assurances for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks

Programmers' build errors: a case study (at google)

eng_Latn

Low energy operation in WSNs: A survey of preamble sampling MAC protocols

Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks

a thesis for the degree of master consumer attitudes toward location - based advertising via mobile devices : an empirical study .

eng_Latn

Exploring Privacy Notification and Control Mechanisms for Proximity-Aware Tablets

In hospitals, offices and other settings, professionals face the challenge of accessing and sharing sensitive content in public areas. As tablets become increasingly adopted in work environments, it is important to explore ways to support privacy that are appropriate for tablet use in dynamic, mobile workflows. In this research we consider how spatial information can be utilized to support both individual and collaborative work in a natural way while respecting data privacy. We present a proof-of-concept implementation of a proximity-aware tablet, and a range of privacy notification and control mechanisms designed for such a tablet. Results from a user study support the idea that interpersonal distance and orientation can be used to mediate privacy management for tablet interfaces. Selecting a specific design for privacy threat notification and response is highly context-dependent-for example, in health care the first priority is to not impede the fluid exchange of information.

Abstract Mobile networks have experienced a sharp expansion in the population of mobile clients/subscribers. Such growth incurs additional expending of the bandwidth resources for network cost management. For future PCS (Personal Communication Services) networks, it is desirable to devise mobile networks that make resourceful use of the limited radio bandwidth. Effective mobility and location management is a way to realize such efficiency. This paper surveys different location management strategies and cost planning for personal communication systems. The stress is on how to minimize both the location update and paging costs from the wireless and wired networks.

eng_Latn

Maximal Coverage Scheduling in Randomly Deployed Directional Sensor Networks

Unlike traditional omni-directional sensors that always have an omni-angle of sensing range, directional sensors may be able to switch to several directions and each direction has a limited angle of sensing range. Area coverage is still an essential issue in a directional sensor network which consists of a number of directional sensors. In this paper, we study a novel "area coverage by directional sensors" problem. We propose the maximum directional area coverage (MDAC) problem to maximize covered area by scheduling the working directions of the sensors in the network. We prove the MDAC to be NP-complete and propose one distributed scheduling algorithm for the MDAC. Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

This paper develops necessary and sufficient conditions for analyzing the schedulability of fixed priority algorithms on resources with limited priority levels. We introduce the degree of schedulable saturation (S/sub max/) as an objective function. A multimedia task set is used to demonstrate how S/sub max/ can be used to optimize the grouping of tasks to priority levels. >

eng_Latn

Current Evidence for Extracorporeal Liver Support Systems in Acute Liver Failure and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Abstract Artificial (nonbiological) extracorporeal liver support devices aim to remove albumin-bound and water-soluble toxins to restore and preserve hepatic function and mitigate or limit the progression of multiorgan failure while hepatic recovery or liver transplant occurs. The following beneficial effects have been documented: improvement of jaundice, amelioration of hemodynamic instability, reduction of portal hypertension, and improvement of hepatic encephalopathy. The only randomized prospective multicenter controlled trial to show an improvement in transplant-free survival was for high-volume plasmapheresis. Biological (cell-based) extracorporeal liver support systems aim to support the failing liver through detoxification and synthetic function and warrant further study for safety and benefit.

Video delivery in a mobile ad-hoc network that can be deployed by members of an emergency service in an incident zone is an appealing tool for emergency and rescue services, but has not been studied yet. In order to design and test a suitable solution, we have generated realistic evaluation scenarios by modeling fireman action plans and GPS traces from real situations. We propose an overlay network solution with routing and reliability mechanisms. The Emergency Overlay Routing (EOR) protocol is a reactive protocol integrated into a store-carry-forward architecture. It selects ferry nodes to transport video data from a camera in the Incident Area to the Incident Chief’s node, looking for the minimum delay, but reliable, candidate. We also propose a simple credit based mechanism (RTCP+) to improve the communication reliability. The evaluation of the whole system shows a great improvement against previous results and promising expectations.

eng_Latn

Simulation study of mobility management procedures for IP-based wireless communications system

In this paper, simulation approach for verification and evaluation of the proposed mobility management mechanisms is presented. The architecture of considered wireless communications system consists of three main components, i.e. core communications segment (CCS), wireless local area networks (WLANs) and network management centre (NMC). The paper is based on both Home Agent (HA) replication and user's services profile transferring to a new location is described in detail. WLAN is connected to the core communications segment by high capacity line of sight (HCLOS) radio links. Network management center performs an essential role in supporting the mobility management functions. Both COMNET and OPNET simulation packages were used for quality assessment of the modified IPv6 mobility management procedures. The simulation results presented in the paper confirmed that the modified procedures significantly improve the wireless network accessibility.

In this article we will show you how to carry out the water charging system,used in LAN,including it's main structure,designing conception as well as the key technology to solve several problems we met.We emphasized the way to realize a Client/Server structured MIS based on DB.Finally we will tell you how to carry out this system,which is developed in C++Builder IDE,in detail.

eng_Latn

Lattice decoding for joint detection in direct-sequence CDMA systems

A new joint detection method based on sphere packing lattice decoding is presented in this paper. The algorithm is suitable for both synchronous and asynchronous multiple access direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems, and it may jointly detect up to 64 users with a reasonable complexity. The detection complexity is independent of the modulation size and large M-PAM or M-QAM constellations can be used. Furthermore, a theoretical gain analysis is performed in which the multiple-access system performance is derived from the lattice parameters.

Various peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures for ad-hoc networks have been proposed over the last few years. Most of them are unstructured and use some form of flooding to locate content, because the physical constraints of the underlying network make the construction of arbitrary application-layer overlays impractical. In this paper, we study the problem of applying distributed hash tables (DHT) for mobile ad-hoc networks. Our approach to efficiently lookup content in such networks exploits physical proximity of peers when establishing and maintaining the DHT based routing tables. The efficiency of our method is demonstrated by simulation of large networks.

eng_Latn

Management of Distributed Electrical Storage in Wide Area Communication Systems

Centralized electrical storage system management in islanded micro-grids is treated both theoretically and experimentally. An overview of the types of distributed islands in Wi-Fi Long Distance networks is the starting point, followed by examples of WiLDNets and associated reliability problems. Presentation of an archetypical tree structure communication system serves to introduce a centralized management system that may be used to improve reliability of multi-community private networks. An existing Wi-Fi long distance testbed with distributed storage serves as an islanded micro-grid for experimental study. Centralized management algorithms are tested. The results are generalized to the case of large meshed communication system.

A file sharing system based on Windows CE embedded platform have been realizes.The author optimized the system according to the characteristics of the specific embedded platform and proposed two kinds of optimization.The problem of slow-speed I/O operation in the embedded platform is solved by efficient utilization of the memory resource.And the problem of limited Socket numbers is solved by improving the queue algorithm.Test results show that the performances of the system have been effectively improved by using these two optimization methods.And the downloading speed of files is enhanced in the improved system.

eng_Latn

EERP: Energy-Efficient Relay Node Placement for k-Connected Wireless Sensor Networks Using Genetic Algorithm

In this article, we propose relay node placement for providing k-connectivity to randomly deployed sensor nodes with energy efficacy using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Here, we also explain the basic step of GA with suitable examples. Also, we carried out the extensive simulations to study proposed algorithm’s performance with existing one in terms of number of deployed nodes and lifetime of the network.

Using GPS and GIS technology, the next generation of ERP (Electronic Road Pricing) system, are designed in this paper. The structure and approaches of the system has also been presented. The next generation of ERP system has resolved the issues of traditional ERP system, such as, high cost, unavailable for wide range of application. And, The new system not only more consistent with road pricing principles and objectives of reducing traffic congestion and air pollution, but also more flexible for the integration of ERP system with other Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The paper also elaborated the key technical issues of the system.

eng_Latn

MAC Protocol for Wireless Network on Chip

In this paper, analysis of efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol for resolving channel contention and minimizing collision probability through consideration of different WNoC architectures is discussed. In this analysis we study the different channel access mechanisms for WNoC in our proposed architecture. Further we also discussed some possible architectures for WNoC.

A file sharing system based on Windows CE embedded platform have been realizes.The author optimized the system according to the characteristics of the specific embedded platform and proposed two kinds of optimization.The problem of slow-speed I/O operation in the embedded platform is solved by efficient utilization of the memory resource.And the problem of limited Socket numbers is solved by improving the queue algorithm.Test results show that the performances of the system have been effectively improved by using these two optimization methods.And the downloading speed of files is enhanced in the improved system.

kor_Hang

Brief announcement: k-shot distributed broadcasting in radio networks

We study distributed broadcasting protocols with few transmissions ('shots') in radio networks with unknown topology. In particular, we examine the case in which a bound k is given and a node may transmit at most k times during the broadcasting protocol. We focus on almost oblivious algorithms for k-shot broadcasting, that is, algorithms where the nodes decide whether to transmit or not with very little consideration of the transmission history. In this context, we show a lower bound of Ω(n2/k) on the broadcasting time of any almost oblivious k-shot broadcasting algorithm. We also present an almost oblivious protocol that matches the above lower bound for every k≤√n.

This paper documents some tests of 802.11b wireless communication technology for vehicle to roadside communication. Data has been collected for a single vehicle communicating with a dedicated roadside antenna. The work is part of a larger effort to benchmark possible throughput of off-the-shelf wireless technologies. The results show that high-speed communication is possible over distances of up to 1 kilometer.

eng_Latn

Improved algorithm of TCP congestion control in multi-hop Ad Hoc networks

To improve the performance of the transmission control protocol in wireless mobile communications network environment, and reduce network congestion, the reason of data lost in Ad Hoc network supporting web communication is discussed.An improved TCP algorithm is discussed.Finally, our research work is summarized, and some perspectives are done for the future work.The simulation results showed that improved TCP congestion control mechanisms is able to significantly enhance the web communication performance and avoid the network congestion in the wireless Ad Hoc network.

We study a new technique for optimal data compression subject to conditions of causality and different types of memory. The technique is based on the assumption that some information about compressed data can be obtained from a solution of the associated problem without constraints of causality and memory. This allows us to consider two separate problem related to compression and de- compression subject to those constraints. Their solutions are given and the analysis of the associated errors is provided. Keywords—stochastic signals, optimization problems in signal processing.

eng_Latn

May 1, 2006On the Feasibility of DHT Lookup in Ad-Hoc Networks

Various peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures for ad-hoc networks have been proposed over the last few years. Most of them are unstructured and use some form of flooding to locate content, because the physical constraints of the underlying network make the construction of arbitrary application-layer overlays impractical. In this paper, we study the problem of applying distributed hash tables (DHT) for mobile ad-hoc networks. Our approach to efficiently lookup content in such networks exploits physical proximity of peers when establishing and maintaining the DHT based routing tables. The efficiency of our method is demonstrated by simulation of large networks.

In this article we will show you how to carry out the water charging system,used in LAN,including it's main structure,designing conception as well as the key technology to solve several problems we met.We emphasized the way to realize a Client/Server structured MIS based on DB.Finally we will tell you how to carry out this system,which is developed in C++Builder IDE,in detail.

eng_Latn

A novel mixed granularity frequency hopping method for single carrier multi-user access system

In this paper, a mixed granularity frequency hopping method for single carrier multi-user access system is introduced. This frequency hopping method solves the problem of mixed bandwidth granularity localized transmission in a single carrier system. The main concept is using the predefined mode to guarantee the orthogonal frequency hopping pattern and single carrier property.

We study the scalability problem of a priori-like algorithms that are used in mining association rules. We show how a priori suffers from performance deterioration for large-scale problems and propose alternative data structures and operations that can be used to apply the a priori-trick optimization method in large-scale problems. In the proposed method, the database is transformed into a more efficient structure that is used along with the intersection operation, to find the frequent itemsets in the database. The performance evaluation shows that, with a minor increase in the storage requirement, the proposed technique outperforms significantly the existing algorithms especially in large-scale problems.

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Research and Design for Rhizoma corydalis Machine Harvester Based on Scattered Planting Mode

The study put forward and designed a mechanical harvest scheme for Rhizoma corydalis according to planting mode in Hanzhong of Shaanxi Province.The machine used fixed groove type digging shovel,single mandatory shaking screen and "Z" screen separation.Its motive power used agricultural small tractors.The machine harvester weight 80 kg and harvest width to one meter.It can completely realize excavation,separation and screening in one procedure.Its structure is simple,easy to use,saving energy and high recovery ratio.The machine have widely application prospect.

In this paper pprivacy attacks to ad hoc routing protocols become an important issue as mobile ad hoc networks enter security critical domains. We modified Rids scheme for node location privacy in ANDOR protocol in mobile adhoc network. RIDS scheme also provide facility for the detection of wormhole attack and node misbehaviors in adhoc network. Different author proposed a different scheme for RIDS for providing security in mobile adhoc network. But all technique suffered common problem that problem is generation of node ID and protection of node ID in location based routing protocol. In this dissertation we modified the RIDS model for node id generation technique for identification of location of secured node. For these process we used cyclic shift technique for node ID generation. Here we discuss RIDS ANDOR and describe our proposed scheme.

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On Spectrum Probing in Cognitive Radio Networks: Does Randomization Matter?

In cognitive radio networks, dynamic spectrum access is achieved by allowing secondary users (SUs) to probe the spectrum and utilize available channels opportunistically. Spectrum probing mechanisms should be efficient and fast to avoid harmful interference with primary users (PUs). Periodic probing has been commonly adopted as a default spectrum probing mechanism. In this paper, we attempt to study different spectrum probing mechanisms and evaluate a performance metric called the probing delay, i.e., how quickly a probing mechanism can detect a channel change. We find that randomization in the probing strategy does affect the probing delay. Specifically, in the independent sensing scenario, periodic probing indeed achieves the smallest probing delay. In the cooperative sensing scenario, however, randomization can drastically reduce the probing delay.

In this paper pprivacy attacks to ad hoc routing protocols become an important issue as mobile ad hoc networks enter security critical domains. We modified Rids scheme for node location privacy in ANDOR protocol in mobile adhoc network. RIDS scheme also provide facility for the detection of wormhole attack and node misbehaviors in adhoc network. Different author proposed a different scheme for RIDS for providing security in mobile adhoc network. But all technique suffered common problem that problem is generation of node ID and protection of node ID in location based routing protocol. In this dissertation we modified the RIDS model for node id generation technique for identification of location of secured node. For these process we used cyclic shift technique for node ID generation. Here we discuss RIDS ANDOR and describe our proposed scheme.

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The concept of a dynamic parameter

Summary form only. The author introduces the concept of a dynamic parameter, a concept based on the fact that a component (for this study, an electric motor) possesses many attributes of a dynamic role. A system's function can be expressed as a function of the motor-related sensors, interlocks, instrumentation, and other actuating devices. This process can be used to build intelligent structures. These structures would be expert-defined and become powerful communication highways which include traditional or classical engineering relationships as well as specific new relationships defined in the present work. >

In this paper pprivacy attacks to ad hoc routing protocols become an important issue as mobile ad hoc networks enter security critical domains. We modified Rids scheme for node location privacy in ANDOR protocol in mobile adhoc network. RIDS scheme also provide facility for the detection of wormhole attack and node misbehaviors in adhoc network. Different author proposed a different scheme for RIDS for providing security in mobile adhoc network. But all technique suffered common problem that problem is generation of node ID and protection of node ID in location based routing protocol. In this dissertation we modified the RIDS model for node id generation technique for identification of location of secured node. For these process we used cyclic shift technique for node ID generation. Here we discuss RIDS ANDOR and describe our proposed scheme.

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Optimal Design of Semi-Rigid Braced Frames Via Knowledge-Based Approach

Semi-rigid design represents, by its intrinsic nature, a new option aimed at improving the competitiveness of steel construction. This objective can be achieved via Knowledge-Based approaches. In the perspective of design automation, our research proposes a novel methodology for the detailed analysis of a braced building frame adopting semi-rigid steel joints. A software tool was developed in order to enforce such methodology, which provides the most cost-effective solution complying with Eurocode specifications. The first results of a numerical study are also briefly discussed.

In this paper pprivacy attacks to ad hoc routing protocols become an important issue as mobile ad hoc networks enter security critical domains. We modified Rids scheme for node location privacy in ANDOR protocol in mobile adhoc network. RIDS scheme also provide facility for the detection of wormhole attack and node misbehaviors in adhoc network. Different author proposed a different scheme for RIDS for providing security in mobile adhoc network. But all technique suffered common problem that problem is generation of node ID and protection of node ID in location based routing protocol. In this dissertation we modified the RIDS model for node id generation technique for identification of location of secured node. For these process we used cyclic shift technique for node ID generation. Here we discuss RIDS ANDOR and describe our proposed scheme.

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All your network are belong to us: a transport framework for mobile network selection

CoolSpots: reducing the power consumption of wireless mobile devices with multiple radio interfaces

A measurement study of available bandwidth estimation tools

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Performance study of Voice in Wireless Mesh Network

A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols

From the Service-Oriented Architecture to the Web API Economy

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Time-aware preemption to enhance the performance of Audio/Video Bridging (AVB) in IEEE 802.1 TSN

Extending IEEE 802.1 AVB with time-triggered scheduling: A simulation study of the coexistence of synchronous and asynchronous traffic

What the World's religions teach, applied to vaccines and immune globulins

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muMQ: A lightweight and scalable MQTT broker

Rekindling network protocol innovation with user-level stacks

Comparative study of background subtraction algorithms

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The purpose of this study was to establish construct validation of a flexible sigmoidoscopy simulator by comparing training-level grouped subjects. These included clerical staff (n = 10), residents (n = 19), and experts (n = 5). Each participant performed 3 scopes. The ANOVA group-based results for trainer-measured variables are shown in Table 1. These results demonstrate that the flexible sigmoidoscopy simulator distinguished the trained from the untrained and the resident from the expert. Although there was no statistically significant differences between the senior residents and the experts, the expert commonly outperformed the residents. Establishing the transferability of simulator training to real life is next. If the tranfer of skill can be established, it may give rise to a new skills training approach.

Simulator-based gastrointestinal endoscopy training has gained acceptance over the last decades and has been extensively studied. Several types of simulators have been validated and it has been demonstrated that the use of simulators in the early training setting accelerates the learning curve in acquiring basic skills. Current GI endoscopy simulators lack the degree of realism that would be necessary to provide training to achieve full competency or to be applicable in certification. Virtual Reality and mechanical simulators are commonly used in basic flexible endoscopy training, whereas ex vivo and in vivo models are used in training the most advanced endoscopic procedures. Validated models for the training of more routine therapeutic interventions like polypectomy, EMR, stenting and haemostasis are lacking or scarce and developments in these areas should be encouraged.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This paper proposes and compares the state estimation scheme and performance of the Extended Kalman Filter and the Unscented Kalman Filter. A highly nonlinear flexible manipulator is targeted by the study to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed filters facing an online accurate estimation problem. An Euler-Bernoulli cantilever beam models the manipulator, and the elastic movement is approximated using the assumed modes method. The Hamilton’s principle yields the system nonlinear equations. This article compares, via the included numerical simulation results, the efficiency of the state estimate reflected by the estimation error and the time required by the filters to converge.

The input–output control strategy needs all of the states feedback. However, in flexible link robot manipulators, measuring the time rate of elastic degrees of freedom is practically impossible. In this paper, a new nonlinear high gain observer has been developed to estimate the elastic degrees of freedom and their time derivatives. The control strategy is based on an output redefinition approach which stabilizes the zero dynamics of the manipulator. Finally, the results are presented by implementing the proposed observer and controller on a single link flexible manipulator. Numerical simulations will support the validity of our research results.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model to determine the optimal solutions for the problem of sizing and locating distributed generation facilities. Cost minimization is achieved through the minimization of system losses; complex power acquired from DG units and the number of connected DG units. A Simulated annealing technique is implemented to optimize the proposed multi-objective model. A typical case study is presented and the results obtained are discussed.

In this paper, a new probabilistic model using measures of classifier competence and diversity is proposed. The multiple classifier system (MCS) based on the dynamic ensemble selection scheme was constructed using both developed measures. Two different optimization problems of ensemble selection are defined and a solution based on the simulated annealing algorithm is presented. The influence of minimum value of competence and diversity in the ensemble on classification performance was investigated. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamic selection methods and the influence of both measures were tested using seven databases taken from the UCI Machine Learning Repository and the StatLib statistical dataset. Two types of ensembles were used: homogeneous or heterogeneous. The results show that the use of diversity positively affects the quality of classification. In addition, cases have been identified in which the use of this measure has the greatest impact on quality.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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An analytical model is presented to predict the static behavior of the long-span prestressed concrete bridge deck(the long-span PSC deck). The finite element analysis is performed and the results are compared with that of the previous experimental test. The load-deflection relationship curves by FEM are in good agreement with the results reported in the previous study. The failure mode of all test specimens is predicted by the punching shear in this study. It is also observed in the previous experimental test. The main objective of this paper is presenting supportive method to predict static behavior of the long-span PSC deck slab. It is not simulating the punching shear behavior graphically.

This paper presents part of an investigation on the failure modes in reinforced concrete bridge decks subjected to monotonic static concentrated wheel-loads. The punching shear deck failure appears to be interrelated with a snap-through instability of an “arching” action mechanism activated in the deck. The predicted critical deflection of about 25% of the deck thickness at instability of a two-dimensional laterally restrained three-hinge compressive strut mechanism correlates well with the measured static ultimate deck deflection values of bridge decks that failed primarily in punching. There is also good agreement between the predicted critical applied static concentrated load at instability of the proposed three-hinge truss and the experimental static deck ultimate strength values.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Application of a new area efficient body contact to LDMOSFET devices in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material has been investigated using three-dimensional simulation. A comparative study of the new body contact and a conventional body-contacted structure for high voltage SOI devices is presented. Using the new body contact, current drive (IDS) was increased by 14% and current gain cut-off frequency (fT) by 10%. In addition, improved performance is achieved when comparing on-resistance (Ron) and breakdown voltage (VBR). The new body contact structure is applicable to both high-voltage planar or trench SOI and bulk devices.

Detailed experimental results are used to develop a new model for the linear region of operation of lateral DMOSFETs (LDMOSFETs) on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) that includes the influence of the buried oxide and back-gate. Back-gate biasing results in double-channel conduction and bias-dependent series resistance. Pertinent techniques for parameter extraction are presented and contrasted to those currently used in low-voltage SOI MOSFETs. The typical feature of LDMOSFETs is the significant change in series resistance as the back-gate is driven from accumulation to inversion. The model allows a clear identification of the architectural and technological parameters of the device.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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We focus our attention on the selection processes and turn-on delay for the switch-on of different transverse modes in VCSELs. We consider different excitation conditions and active-region diameters, addressing the experimental situations in which the transient response of gain-guided VCSELs to a current pulse is taken into account (1 ns duration, 100 ps rise-time). We consider two thermal effects, namely, a temperature dependent detuning between the band-gap and the cavity resonance and the thermal lensing (TL) effect.

We study theoretically the non linear polarization dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers in the presence of an external cavity providing delayed optical feedback and cross polarization re-injection. We show that far from the laser threshold, the dynamics remains confined close to the equatorial plane of a Stokes sphere of a given radius and we reduce the dynamics to a dynamical system composed of two phases: the orientation phase of the quasi-linear polarization and the optical phase of the field. We explore the complex modal structure given by the double feedback configuration and recovers as particular cases the Lang-Kobayashi modes and the modes founds by Giudici et al. [1]. We also re-interpret the square waves switching dynamics as phase kinks.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Zinc Oxide nanoparticles' thick film sensors doped with tungsten,has been developed and its response towards alcohol has been measured. The nanoparticles were synthesised by the chemical combustion technique and characterised by XRD, FESEM and EDS. It was established that the nanoparticles exist in a hexagonal system in a primitive lattice with no other impurities. A study on the sensing performance of the sensors hence prepared to the three primary alcohols has been carried out with the help of a new index which we call rate of response (sensitivity/sensing time). The sensors exhibit rate of responses as high as 22%/s with a sensitivity of around 80% with good selectivity and reproducibility.

Volatile methyl compounds are formed by the majority of elements standing up to six places before a rare gas, so that as a class they represent all groups and periods of the Periodic System with the exception of Group I. Accordingly, the volatile methyls provide a particularly suitable class of compounds for a comparative study of the covalent bonds which the metals and non-metals concerned form with carbon; and this study in turn throws light on the magnitudes of the internal excitation energies possessed by these elements when engaged in covalent bonding. Former approaches to this problem have been almost entirely theoretical. For convenience, the term" metal-carbon bond" will be used throughout this paper to denote all bonds of the type stated, whether the element linked to carbon is a metal or not.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this paper we study the inuence of semantics in the Text Categorization (TC) and Information Retrieval (IR) tasks. The K Nearest Neighbours (K-NN) method was used to perform the text categorization. The experimental results were obtained taking into account for a relevant term of a document its corresponding WordNet synset. For the IR task, three techniques were investigated: the direct use of a weighted matrix, the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique in the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) model, and the bisecting spherical k-means clustering technique. The experimental results we obtained taking into account the semantics of the documents, allowed for an improvement of the performance for the text categorization whereas they were not so promising for the IR task.

Geographical entities often appears in very different forms in text collections, such as when a foreign name is used instead of the English one, or when the citation of some region or place omits the name of a larger geographical entity containing them. This is a known problem in the field of Information Retrieval. The use of an ontology like WordNet can help in addressing this issue. In this paper we propose an automatic method to expand the geographical terms in queries by using the WordNet ontology and another method that expands the terms during the indexing phase. The proposed methods exploits the synonymy, meronymy and holonymy relationships provided by WordNet, together with some information extracted from the gloss.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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We maximized the information transmission for an integrating photosensor by optimizing the integration time. As a case study, experimentally determined reset, readout and photocurrent shot noise was used to determine the capacity of a differential active pixel sensor as a function of illumination level and integration time. Experimentally derived data show that the information rate is poor at both small and large integration times, with a maximum information rate occurring between these extremes. This maximum occurs at different integration times for different illumination levels and is used to determine the optimal integration time for the sensor.

Noise measurements of the 1/f noise in PMOS and NMOS transistors for analog applications are reported under wide bias conditions ranging from subthreshold to saturation. Two "low noise" CMOS processes of 2 /spl mu/m and 0.5 /spl mu/m technologies are compared and it is found that the more advanced process, with 0.5 /spl mu/m technology, exhibits significantly reduced 1/f noise, due to optimized processing. The input referred noise and the power spectral density (PSD) of the drain current 1/f noise are modeled in saturation as well as in subthreshold and are compared with the common empirical approaches such as the SPICE models. The results of this study are useful to the design and modeling of 1/f noise of CMOS analog circuits.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this paper, we study the existence of multibump solutions for discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equations with periodic potentials. We first reduce the existence of multibump homoclinic solutions to the existence of an isolated homoclinic solution with a nontrivial critical group. Then, we study the existence of homoclinics with nontrivial critical groups for both superlinear and asymptotically linear discrete periodic nonlinear Schrodinger equations, and we provide simple sufficient conditions for the existence of homoclinics with nontrivial critical groups in the positive definite case. As an application, we get, without any symmetry assumptions, infinitely many geometrically distinct homoclinic solutions with exponential decay at infinity.

By using critical point theory, we obtain a new sufficient condition on the existence of homoclinic solutions of a class of nonperiodic discrete nonlinear systems in infinite lattices. The classical Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz superlinear condition is improved by a general superlinear one. Some results in the literature are improved.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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We present a time-resolved study of the magnetization dynamics in a microstructured Cr$|$Heusler$|$Pt waveguide driven by the Spin-Hall-Effect and the Spin-Transfer-Torque effect via short current pulses. In particular, we focus on the determination of the threshold current at which the spin-wave damping is compensated. We have developed a novel method based on the temporal evolution of the magnon density at the beginning of an applied current pulse at which the magnon density deviates from the thermal level. Since this method does not depend on the signal-to-noise ratio, it allows for a robust and reliable determination of the threshold current which is important for the characterization of any future application based on the Spin-Transfer-Torque effect.

We investigate the amplification of externally excited spin-waves via the spin-transfer-torque (STT) effect in combination with the spin-Hall effect (SHE) resulting from short current pulses. In the case of overcompensation of the spin-wave damping, a strong nonlinear shift of the spin-wave frequency spectrum occurs. In particular, this shift limits spin-wave amplification from the SHE-STT effect. However, it allows for the realization of a spin-wave switch. At the corresponding working point, efficient spin-wave excitation is possible only in the presence of the SHE-STT effect with a spin-wave intensity that is a factor of 20 larger than in the absence of the SHE-STT effect.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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An investigation on the structural performance of inserts within honeycomb sandwich panels is presented. The investigation considers metallic inserts in all aluminum sandwich panels and emphasis is placed on the structural performance difference between hot bonded and cold bonded inserts. The former are introduced during panel manufacture while the latter are potted into existing panels. The investigation focuses on the static performance of the two insert systems subject to loads in the normal direction to the facing plane. The experimental part of the work presented involved carrying out pullout tests on hot bonded and cold bonded reference samples by loading them at a centrally located insert. The experimental results were compared with results from an analytical model and results from a finite element model. Contrary to what was expected it was found from the experiments that the cold bonded inserts outperformed the hot bonded inserts in terms of load carrying capability. From the finite element study...

1. Introduction 2. The structure of cellular solids 3. Material properties 4. The mechanics of honeycombs 5. The mechanics of foams: basic results 6. The mechanics of foams refinements 7. Thermal, electrical and acoustic properties of foams 8. Energy absorption in cellular materials 9. The design of sandwich panels with foam cores 10. Wood 11. Cancellous bone 12. Cork 13. Sources, suppliers and property data Appendix: the linear-elasticity of anisotropic cellular solids.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this study, we demonstrate a 12x36 mm motorized capsule for OCT imaging of the esophagus. The capsule produces unobstructed images by using a distal reflector design, thus avoiding shadow caused by the motor wires. The motor synchronous control enables three working modes: circumferential imaging, angular sector imaging and accurate beam positioning. Distortion artifacts shown in the sector imaging were found to be induced by velocity changes of the motor. We specifically characterized the motor speed and found a symmetric and repeatable behavior during sector scanning. Resampling of the sector images A-lines was carried out to achieve uniform angular spacing according to the measured speed profile. Also, distortion between consecutive sector frames was corrected using image registration to achieve stable imaging.

We present a new technique for the correction of nonuniform rotation distortion in catheter-based optical coherence tomography (OCT), based on the statistics of speckle between A-lines using intensity-based dynamic light scattering. This technique does not rely on tissue features and can be performed on single frames of data, thereby enabling real-time image correction. We demonstrate its suitability in a gastrointestinal (GI) balloon-catheter OCT system, determining the actual rotational speed with high temporal resolution, and present corrected cross-sectional and en face views showing significant enhancement of image quality.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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The dynamic behaviour of vortex cavitation on marine propellers may cause inboard noise and vibration, but is not well understood. The main goal of the present study is to experimentally analyse the dynamics of an isolated tip vortex cavity generated at the tip of a wing of elliptical planform. Detailed high-speed video shadowgraphy was used to determine the cavity deformations in combination with force and sound measurements. The cavity deformations can be divided in different modes, each of which show a distinct dispersion relation between frequency and wavenumber. The dispersion relations show good agreement with an analytical formulation. Finally, experimental support is given to the hypothesis that the resonance frequency of the cavity volume variation is related to a zero group velocity.

Marine propellers display several forms of cavitation. Of these, propeller-tip vortex cavitation is one of the important factors in propeller design. The dynamic behaviour of the tip vortex is responsible for hull vibration and noise. Thus, cavitation in the vortices trailing from tips of propeller blades has been studied extensively. Under certain circumstances cavitating vortices have been observed to have wave-like disturbances on the surfaces of vapour cores. Intense sound at discrete frequencies can result from a coupling between tip vortex disturbances and oscillating sheet cavitation on the surfaces of the propeller blades. This research article focuses on the dynamics of vortex cavitation and more in particular on the energy and frequency content of the radiated pressures.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this paper, we study and present two techniques to improve the performance of a simulation-based fault injection platform that inserts bit flips in order to model soft errors on digital circuits. The platform is based on the ESA Data Systems Divisionpsilas SEE simulation tool. In contrast with methods based on emulation, the proposed approach reduces the complexity and costs, supplying a test environment with the same reliability as emulation systems. Only one disadvantage appears when comparing both methodologies: the lower performance of the simulation in cases where the fault injection campaigns are very large. Two proposals have been developed in order to address this drawback: the first one is based on software (through checkpoints) and the second one uses parallel computation.

This paper focuses on the integration of the fault injection methodology within the design process of fault-tolerant systems. Due to its wide spectrum of application and hierarchical features, VHDL has been selected as the simulation language to support such an integration. Suitable techniques for injecting faults into VHDL models are identified and depicted. Then, the main features of the MEFISTO environment aimed at supporting these techniques are described. Finally, some preliminary results obtained with MEFISTO are presented and analyzed.<<ETX>>

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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As the logistics business in the process of expansion,its internal logistics information subsystems are not building the same in all platform and technology development,leading to structural incompatibilities or technical incompatibilities.However,all departments of the logistics system are frequently exchange of logistics business,but the various subsystems of heterogeneous restricted between business enterprises.To solve this problem,we proposed utilizing the service-oriented architecture(SOA) in this paper,building the Enterprise Service Bus(ESB),and integrating of all the logistics subsystems within the enterprise.The research of SOA-based Logistics Information System Architecture,design and implementation of logistics information system based on SOA has important practical significance.

China logistics industry is in a very high degree of marketization, which enterprises are uneven in scale and level, presenting with the scattered, weak, disordered and other typical features. Additionally, for lack of information platform and prefect industry management, the whole industry service quality is low; the logistics collaboration between the supply and demand becomes more difficult. Based on the SOA mode, this paper studies the regional logistics integration structure, regional logistics resource optimization. Combined with case study, the logistics business process based on SOA integration will promote a new way for the development of regional logistics industry.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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The structure of different reconstructions of Sn on Si(111) has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. For less than a monolayer (ML) of Sn, three reconstructions are seen with 7×7, 7/8 × 7/8 , and 2 7/8 ×2 7/8 periodicities. The 7×7 structure is similar to that of the clean surface. The 7/8 × 7/8 phase is a (1)/(3) ML array of adatoms similar to that of Al, Ga, or In on Si(111). The 2 7/8 ×2 7/8 structure is twofold symmetric with three possible orientations on the surface giving the threefold symmetry apparent in the low‐energy electron diffraction pattern. All three surface phases coexist above 0.3 ML.

We report the use of the techniques of scanning tunneling microscopy and impact-collision ion scattering spectrometry to study the in-plane geometry of both the (root)3X(root)3 and 2(root)3X2(root)3 reconstructions of Sn on Si(111). For the (root)3X(root)3 reconstruction, the Sn adatoms were found to prefer fourfold atop (T4) sites. For the 2(root)3X2(root)3 reconstruction, a two-layer epitaxial Sn model with a four-atom unit cell on the top layer is found to provide the best agreement with experimental data.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This study used a smartphone's digital compass to observe the rolling motion of a hollow cylinder on an inclined plane. The smartphone (an iPhone 4s) was attached to the end of one side of a hollow cylinder to record the experimental data using the SensorLog application. In the experiment, the change of angular position was measured by the smartphone's digital compass. The obtained results were then analyzed and calculated to determine various parameters of the motion, such as the angular velocity, angular acceleration, critical angle, and coefficient of static friction. The experimental results obtained from using the digital compass were compared with those obtained from using a gyroscope sensor. Moreover, the results obtained from both sensors were consistent with the calculations for the rolling motion. We expect that this experiment will be valuable for use in physics laboratories.

Smartphones may be seen as miniature toolboxes to perform Physics experiments. In this paper, we present three different “optics workbenches" mainly based on the light meter of a smartphone. One is aimed at the precise study of Malus law and other effects associated to linearly polarized light, the second allows quantifying the light intensity distribution of diffraction or interference patterns projected on a screen, and the third demonstrates the so-called inverse square law obeyed by the light from a point-like source. These experiments allow to quantitatively demonstrate three fundamental laws of optics using quite inexpensive equipment.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Present work analyzes the flow hydrodynamics and mass transfer mechanisms in double Rushton and CD-6 impeller on wide range (0.0075–0.25 m/s) of superficial gas velocity (v g) in a gas-liquid phase bioreactor by employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The volume averaged velocity magnitude and dissipation rate are found higher with increasing superficial gas velocity. Higher relative power draw (P g/P 0) is predicted in CD-6 than the Rushton impeller but no significant difference in volume averaged mass transfer coefficient (k L a) observed between these two types of impeller. The ratio of power draw with mass transfer coefficient has been found higher in CD-6 impeller (25–50 %) than the Rushton impeller.

The paper presents the results of numerical simulations of hydrodynamics in a gas–liquid pseudophase system (sucrose solution with yeast suspension). The simulations were performed in a bioreactor with a working volume of 0.02 m3, equipped with a Rushton turbine or Smith turbine stirrers. The results of the study were developed in the form of vectors of liquid velocity and the contours of the analyzed magnitudes. Also, the local values of the gas hold-up φ in the gas–liquid pseudophase system were presented. The results of numerical simulations of the gas hold-up were compared to the results of my own experimental study.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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A scanning thermal microscope is used to study the temperature distribution on the gate surface of a MOS structure submitted to an electric stress. Over a threshold of stress current intensity, hot spots have been observed and then numbered versus stress conditions. The data analysis shows that the hot spots number depends on injected current and also on the MOS structure degradation history. The temperature map of the gate surface is riddled with hot spots since the sample breakdown. Otherwise, hot spots seem to appear in privileged areas like the gate borders. On the basis of the literature, our observations lead us to conclude that hot spots result of degradations inside the structure.

We have studied temperature variations on two dissipative structures with two different techniques. The dissipative structures are constituted of thin (0.35µm) dissipative resistors, the distance between two resistors being equal to 0.8 or 10 µm. On one hand, we have used a thermoreflectance imaging technique which is a well-known non contact optical method to evaluate temperature variations but whose spatial resolution is limited by diffraction. On the other hand, we have used a Scanning Thermal Microscope (SThM) to study the thermal behaviour of these small dissipative structures. We compare qualitative results obtained by both methods and we present their advantages and limitations for temperature measurements on microelectronic devices.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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: A quantitative study was made of the heat budget of the Arctic and its relationship to the atmospheric circulation of the hemisphere. It combines the available data to produce a description of the input, transformation, and output of thermal energy in the Arctic regions and provides new insights into the mechanism of the Arctic climate. The Report points out the specific measurements most urgently needed for future Arctic investigation, if we are not only to explain some of the climatic variations of the past but also to determine how the climate of the future might be foreseen and influenced.

Since the Apr 1957 occupation of the first long-term US drifting station on sea ice, much has been learned about the properties of sea ice as a material. Properties of large, composite sheets of natural sea ice are still to be defined, however, because of the need for accurate knowledge of strength, roughness and albedo, among other parameters. In explanation of the ice cover, studies have been made of energy fluxes, radiative fluxes, albedos, wind and water flow profiles in boundary layers, air and ice temperature profiles and evaporation of condensation. There remain unresolved and complex questions concerning the circumstances under which the present ice cover could change.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this study, the oscillation behavior and aseismicity of a 4-span Rahmen bridge with a sliding type seismic isolation foundation are investigated using model vibration experiments and numerical simulation. Built on Type III ground, the bridge is erected to 1/10 scale with a sliding-type foundation that was made by separating the footing in the horizontal direction, whereas conventionally piers and foundation structures are rigidly linked together. Teflon (PTFE) was inserted between the separated sections as the sliding interface material. The study results show that a sliding-type seismic isolation foundation has a significant positive effect in decreasing responses during earthquakes and the experimental results can be explained by the dynamic analysis.

During the Chilean earthquakes of May, 1960, a number of tall, slender structures survived the ground shaking whereas more stable appearing structures were severely damaged. An analysis is made of the rocking motion of structures of inverted pendulum type. It is shown that there is a scale effect which makes tall slender structures more stable against overturning than might have been expected, and, therefore, the survival of such structures during earthquakes is not surprising.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Based on the comparison of experimental results to field study results, the relevance and significance of various similitude parameters for snowdrift modelling is discussed. A series of wind tunnel model tests were carried out on a single building and groups of buildings, both on-ground and above-ground. Results of snowdrift profiles and volumes are presented.

When high-speed trains run on a snowy railway line in cold weather, a large amount of snow and ice will accumulate on the brake calipers, which can lead to huge safety problems. In this paper, to s...

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Deployable space structures have long been investigated as a means for packaging the desired solution within the confines of the launch environment. In this study, the design of a highly compact reflector that can be stowed in a 1U CubeSat is addressed. The ideal diameter of the finished reflector is 1 meter. In order to accomplish this objective, a folding method is developed and design constraints are derived from the packaging requirement. A design method is presented in which the deployed shape is divided into gores and flattened for manufacturing. Constraints on the shape of the gores are imposed in order to produce a flat configuration with desirable stowing characteristics. Two iterations of the design are presented with deployed diameters of 0.8 and 0.5m and final stowed diameters of 16 and 14cm respectively.

This paper presents a novel scheme to biaxially package and deploy flat membranes, in which the thickness of the membrane is accounted for through the novel concept of slipping folds. The membrane is divided into parallel strips connected by slipping folds, and specially chosen wrapping profiles that require zero slip along the edges of the membrane are identified. This packaging scheme avoids the kinematic incompatibilities that in other schemes result in local buckles and wrinkles that increase the deployment force and permanently deform the membrane. The paper also presents a scheme to apply uniform uniaxial prestress to the deployed membrane, as well as a two-stage deployment scheme. Packaging efficiencies of up to 83% have been demonstrated for meter-scale models, although for large membranes the packaging efficiency approaches 100%.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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A dual one-way ranging system (DOWR) provides very high precision range measurements between two carrier phase transceiver-receiver systems by combining the one-way range measurements from each system. A key requirement for the DOWR system is the synchronization of the two one-way range measurement times, and this requirement makes it necessary to interpolate the raw one-way phase measurements toward a common epoch. This interpolation process may degrade numerical accuracy under large time-tag offsets. This study proposed a new interpolation process to reduce the degradation. Numerical simulation analysis was performed to validate the performance of the proposed method.

Wireless high-precision time synchronization between distributed nodes is the basis of autonomous application of nodes. In this paper, the signal transmission mode between nodes and the baseband processing algorithm of receivers are designed. On the basis of dual one-way ranging measurement and signal design system with semi-data-free modulation, the signal is divided into pilot branch without information and data branch with information. In the aspect of signal acquisition, coherent joint acquisition algorithm is used, and in the aspect of signal tracking, fusion algorithm is used to track code and carrier phase. Finally, the detection probability of the receiver and the mean square deviation of tracking error are simulated to verify the superiority of the coherent joint acquisition algorithm and the fusion tracking algorithm.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Wool fibers are subjected to severe mechanical processing following scouring, which results in physical damage. This study investigates the role of physical processing in changing the physical and chemical properties of the fibers. Removal of surface-bound lipids following physical processing is minimal, but there are significant morphological changes related to an increase in the chemical susceptibility of the fibers to chemical attack. The finding is demonstrated by the more effective removal of bound lipids from fibers in the form of top than from aqueous scoured fibers.

The model described in Part I has been evaluated using as a starting point fiber strength and withdrawal-force parameters derived from tensile testing. These param eters were then adjusted to give an optimum fit of the theory to published data. The differences in the measured and the fitted values could probably be mainly ascribed to differences between the wool types measured and those used in the published data and to differences between the slow loading in testing and the more rapid loading that occurs in carding. With optimum adjusted values of the parameters, it was possible to get good agreement between the predicted and the actual fiber length distributions after carding, except for a tendency for the proportion of short fibers to be underestimated. This was no doubt due to the nonconformity of actual fibers to some of the assumptions made.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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We study the boundedness of weighted multilinear operators given by products of finite vectors of Calderon-Zygmund operators. We also investigate weighted estimates for bilinear operators related to Schrodinger operator.

In this paper, we characterize the weighted Hardy space related to the Schrodinger operator , with V a non-negative potential satisfying a reverse Holder inequality, by atomic decomposition and Riesz transforms. We also get a characterization of its dual space through a weighted Carleson measure. Then we prove the boundedness of some classical operators associated to on the weighted BMO space .

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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A projection pursuit cluster model is used to resolve the problem of Karstic water pollution evaluation. First, the projection pursuit cluster model is stated. Then, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimise the projection direction of the projection pursuit cluster model, and the steps of the genetic algorithm are introduced in detail. Finally, a case study of Karstic water pollution evaluation is presented. The projection pursuit cluster model is a powerful tool in analysing complex multifactor problems, and it is also a new method for Karstic water pollution evaluation.

This paper presents an approach based on Projection Pursuit and fuzzy rule extraction combining new hybrid method of classification system. This method is the first to use projection pursuit technology to deal with training set of sample dimensionality reduction and in accordance with the sample classification. According to the results of the classification and the best value projection, using trapezoid distribution method extraction fuzzy rules, producing three types of fuzzy membership function. Finally, in accordance with Fuzzy nearness value to determined the sample under the credit level. The results of experiment showed this method of classification accuracy than the traditional credit evaluation techniques have markedly improved, the reliability is better, has a good application value.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This paper deals with a boost dc-dc converter for fuel cell application. In fuel cell e lectric vehicles application, a high power boost dc-dc converter is adopted to adjust the output voltage, current and power of fuel cell engine to meet the vehicle requirements. One of challenge in designing a boost converter for high power application is how to handle the high current at the input side. In this paper an interleaved boost dc-dc converter is proposed for current sharing on high power application. Moreover, this converter also reduces the fuel ripple current. Performance of the interleaved boost converter is tested through simulation and experimental results. Keywords: component; Interleaved Boost Converter; Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle; high power application.

The aim of this study is to propose a experimental verification for single-phase to three phase drive system composed of two parallel single-phase rectifiers, a three-phase inverter and an induction motor. Apart from traditional application in dc motor drives, new applications of BDC include energy storage in renewable energy systems, fuel cell energy systems, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). A dc-dc converter is always required to allow energy exchange between storage device and the rest of system. In HEV applications, BDCs are required to link different dc voltage buses and transfer energy between them. A non-isolated bi-directional dc-dc converters is used in our project to achieve better efficiency.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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: Initiation by the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command(TACOM) of the Advanced Integrated Propulsion System (AIPS) prompted the development of referee fuels that would (1) indicate to prospective engine/component developers the anticipated quality of fuels available when AIPS is fielded as part of the next main battle tank, and (2) a means for TACOM to ensure that new engines and components would be able to fully demonstrate a 'multifuel capability.' This study resulted in the development of two referee fuels: Type I, A high-volatility, Low-viscosity fuel; and Type II, A low-volatility, high viscosity fuel, both having low cetane numbers. Future multifuel engine design and development work will use these referee fuels to ensure operation on a broad range of fuels that may become available.

It is the purpose of this paper to report the relative miles of transportation that can be obtained from a barrel of crude oil by using different types of engines and fuels. The options that have been studied are: 1. Use of leaded gasoline in an internal combustion engine. 2. Use of unleaded gasoline. 3. Maximum use of diesel engines. 4. Maximum use of the direct injection stratified charged engine. 5. Maximum use of gas turbine engines. It will be shown that the engine-fuel option chosen will have a large effect on the crude oil imports required which, in turn, will have a substantial impact on the United States domestic economy and balance of payments. /GMRL/

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This paper presents a design methodology which automates the generation of curves extracted from the point clouds that have been obtained by digitizing the physical objects. The methodology is described on a product belonging to the industry of consumables, respectively a footwear type product that has a complex shape with many curves. The final result is the automated generation of wrapping curves, surfaces and solids according to the characteristics of the customer's foot, and to the preferences for the chosen model, which leads to the development of customized products.

In this study we present a 3D garment design method for scanned human bodies. Firstly, a slicing method is proposed to reconstruct a symmetric body from a scanned human body to make it suitable for garment design. Secondly, a sketch modeling method is used to interactively create the garment surface based on the new body. Thirdly, seam lines are drawn on the garment surface, and then a flattening algorithm is employed to design 2D patterns. Finally, a seam line template is used to design the same style for different bodies. Experiments show that the resulted garment well fits the scanned body. Our method provides an efficient design tool for customizing garments in the fashion industry.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Pollution flashover caused by long-term contamination and moisture of the transmission line insulators is one of the main dangers for the safe operation of the power system. To study the contamination characteristics of the insulators in different weather conditions enables us to understand the contamination conditions of the insulators and take effective measures to prevent the pollution flashover accidents. Through the artificial contamination test and air dynamic simulation of the XWP2-160 double-shed insulator and FC160P glass insulator, it is concluded the influence of pollution contamination characteristic and flow field distribution characteristic in different wind speed and wind direction. The main factors that affected the insulator contamination characteristic were also analyzed, which can provide some guidance to the configuration of transmission lines insulators and antifouling work.

Insulator contamination is one of many serious problems for power systems. Outages due to insulator contamination flashover may affect a wide area and continue for a long time. Also, the corona noise causes radio and TV interference. Therefore, efforts have been made by many around the world to prevent such phenomena. Presently, fog type and semi-conducting glaze insulators have been developed, and successfully used. However, the former cannot suppress the corona and the latter has a subject to study from the viewpoint of thermal stability in heavy contamination conditions. A new concept insulator, with a stress graded zone on the bottom surface, has been studied. It has been determined that a dry band is not formed on this stress graded zone and a long dry band is formed at the first rib. This means the insulator has a high discharge starting voltage and high contamination withstand voltage.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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The first quantitative evaluation of the quality of corporate firewall configurations appeared in 2004, based on Check Point Firewall-1 rule sets. In general, that survey indicated that corporate firewalls often enforced poorly written rule sets. This article revisits the first survey. In addition to being larger, the current study includes configurations from two major vendors. It also introduces a firewall complexity. The study's findings validate the 2004 study's main observations: firewalls are (still) poorly configured, and a rule -set's complexity is (still) positively correlated with the number of detected configuration errors. However, unlike the 2004 study, the current study doesn't suggest that later software versions have fewer errors.

Modern SCADA networks are connected to both the companys enterprise network and the Internet. Because these industrial systems often control critical processes the cyber-security requirements become a priority for their design. This paper deals with the network security in SCADA environment implemented by firewall devices. We proposed a method for verification of firewall configurations against a security policy to detect and reveal potential holes in implemented rule sets. We present a straightforward verification method based on representation of a firewall configuration as a set of logical formulas suitable for automated analysis using SAT/SMT tools. We demonstrate how such configuration can be analyzed for security policy violation that can be inferred from a security policy specification of an industrial automation system.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this paper we consider the problem of optimal regulation of large space structures in the presence of flexible appendages. For simplicity of presentation, we consider a spacecraft consisting of a rigid bus and a flexible beam. The complete dynamics of the system is given by a coupled set of ordinary and partial differential equations. We show that the solution of this hybrid system is defined in a product space of appropriate finite- and infinite-dimensional spaces. We develop necessary conditions for determining the control torque and forces for optimal regulation of attitude maneuvers of the satellite along with simultaneous suppression of elastic vibrations of the flexible beam.

We present a mathematical model of a crane-trolley-load model, where the crane beam is subject to the partial differential equation (PDE) of static linear elasticity and the motion of the load is described by the dynamics of a pendulum that is fixed to a trolley moving along the crane beam. The resulting problem serves as a case study for optimal control of fully coupled partial and ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This particular type of coupled systems arises from many applications involving mechanical multi-body systems. We motivate the coupled ODE-PDE model, show its analytical well-posedness locally in time and examine the corresponding optimal control problem numerically by means of a projected gradient method with Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) update.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notions of Iω -continuous maps and Iω -irresolute maps in ideal topological spaces. Also we introduce the notions of slc*-I -sets, s -sets, λs - I -closed sets, slc* - I -continuous maps and λs - I -continuous maps. Finally, we obtain the decompositions of  -continuity.

In this paper we introduce and study three different notions of generalized continuity, namely LC-irresoluteness, LC-continuity and sub-LC-continuity. All three notions are defined by using the concept of a locally closed set. A subset S of a ::: topological space X is locally closed if it is the intersection of an open and a closed set. We discuss some properties of these functions and show that a function between topological spaces is continuous if and only if it is sub-LC-continuous and nearly continuous in the sense of Ptak. Several examples are provided to illustrate the behavior of these new classes of functions.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This study examined the capital structure of listed industrial companies on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the period (2001- 2005). The findings of this study contribute towards a better understanding of financing behaviour in Jordanian industrial companies. Hypotheses, based on comparing the relationships between Leverage ratio (Lev 1), LTD/TD (Long-term debts/total debts) and five explanatory variables that represent size, tangibility, profitability, long-term debt and short-term debt. To test those relationships regression analysis for Leverage ratio (Lev 1) and TD LTD

In this thesis I will research the influence of a certain set of determinants on the capital structure of Dutch stock-market listed firms. First I will select a number of firm-specific determinants as independent variables, whose influence on the capital structure I will test in multiple analyses. I will compare the influence of the firm specific variables across different time periods to capture the influence of the recent financial crisis on the relationship between the variables and the capital structure. It turns out multiple of my firm specific variables had a significant relationship, while the relationships were indeed different across the multiple selected time periods.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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As a result of the moral and social conflicts surrounding abortion, workers involved in counseling potential abortion recipients are subject to certain strains. The author uses observations made at one abortion clinic to support her conclusion that these strains, as well as the methods of coping developed by staff and administration, must be considered in formulating any policy on abortion.

Two hundred and fifty-four women were followed from the second trimester of pregnancy until twelve months postpartum. Of these women, twenty-eight had had a prior therapeutic abortion and 216 women had no previous abortion. During their pregnancy and the postpartum period, the women completed a series of psychological and attitudinal measures. Analysis revealed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of their demographic status, their obstetric experience or attitudes towards labour and birth. The study failed to demonstrate a relationship between anxiety during pregnancy and a prior abortion, nor were there any indications of inadequate maternal functioning. Women who had a prior abortion scored higher on the autonomy and nurturance subscales of the Personality Research Form, and had higher levels of depressive affect in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the postpartum period.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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The investigation by Giotto of the environment of comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup has provided a large set of observations on cometary low-frequency waves for a weakly active comet, after the observations at comets P/Giacobini-Zinner and P/Halley. A large amount of waves are observed at frequencies close to the local water group ion cyclotron frequencies on the magnetic field and the plasma density in a wide region around the comet. Cross-analysis of the electron parameters with the magnetic field reveals the existence of a compressive wave component even at large distances from the nucleus. The inferred characteristics of the observed wave modes are quantitatively reproduced from a theoretical work studying the electromagnetic instabilities driven by the distribution of the newborn ions.

This tutorial summarizes our present, pre-Rosetta understanding of the basic physical processes operating in cometary environments with particular attention to cometary magnetotails. Ionization of cometary gases is responsible for most plasma processes in the magnetospheres of active comets. The interaction between the superalfvenic, magnetized solar wind and cometary ions forms a number of plasma boundaries starting with the weak bow shock and continuing with the contact surface (diamagnetic cavity boundary), the recombination layer and the inner shock. The plasma tail is sensitive to changes in the solar wind and to varying cometary activity. These processes will be explored in detail.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this study, two types of biomass (Acorus calamus leaves and wheat straw) were added to a matrix of sediment and soil inside the anode of solid phase microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) in order to increase their output power. SMFC containing 3% leaves in their sediment had a maximum power density of 195 mW m−2 in contrast to 4.6 mW m−2 of that SMFC without leaves. Similarly, SMFC containing 1% wheat straw in their soil environment had a maximum power density of 167 mW m−2. It suggests that the addition of biomass in appropriate proportions increases contact opportunities between the matrix, the anode and the added biomass, increases organic matter content, and enhances cellulase activity, thus serving as an important method for enhancing output power in SMFCs.

For the development of long lasting portable microbial fuel cells (MFCs) new strategies are necessary to overcome critical issues such as hydraulic pump system and the biochemical substrate retrieval overtime to sustain bacteria metabolism. The present work proposes the use of a synthetic solid anolyte (SSA), constituted by agar, carbonaceous and nitrogen sources dissolved into diluted seawater. Results of a month-test showed the potential of the new SSA-MFC as a long lasting low energy consuming system.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This study simulated underground circular cylindrical shell structure to serve as water reservoir under known soil characteristics and conditions. Cognizance of prevailing acute scarcity of portable water supply, more often than not, during each year, this structural facility was also simulated for study under two distinct situations namely: when it is empty and when it is full of water. Structural analysis of the facility was carried out using the initial value model whereas the classical model served to establish validity. The study sought the stress effect arising from: empty condition and in full of water, on this facility. The investigation result revealed: Both classical and initial value models led to identical results. Effect of stress which resulted from the two different conditions did not diminish the structural integrity of this facility.

CONTENTS: BENDING OF LONG RECTANGULAR PLATES TO A CYLINDRICAL SURFACE PURE BENDING OF PLATES SYMMETRICAL BENDING OF CIRCULAR PLATES SMALL DEFLECTIONS OF LATERALLY LOADED PLATES SIMPLY SUPPORTED RECTANGULAR PLATES RECTANGULAR PLATES WITH VARIOUS EDGE CONDITIONS CONTINUOUS RECTANGULAR PLATES PLATES ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION PLATES OF VARIOUS SHAPES SPECIAL AND APPROXIMATE METHODS IN THEORY OF PLATES BENDING OF ANISTROPIC PLATES BENDING OF PLATES UNDER THE COMBINED ACTION OF LATERAL LOADS AND FORCES IN THE MIDDLE PLANE OF THE PLATE LARGE DEFLECTIONS OF PLATES DEFORMATION OF SHELLS WITHOUT BENDING GENERAL THEORY OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS SHELLS HAVING THE FORM OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION AND LOADED SYMMETRICALLY WITH RESPECT TO THEIR AXIS.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In this paper, we present a real-time trading framework for distribution networks where a rational aggregator is identified as a broker by contracting with individual demands and dealing with the distribution company. Demand response capability is characterized by the coexistence of elastic and inelastic demand components. A one-leader multi-follower bi-level model is proposed to derive the procurement strategies, i.e., the upper-level problem intends to maximize the profit of the proactive distribution company, while the lower-level expresses the profit maximization per rational aggregator. The proposed model is then transformed into a solvable mathematical program with equilibrium constraints through a primal-dual approach. A modified 33-bus distribution network is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

We study the equilibria reached by strategic producers in a pool-based network-constrained electricity market. The behavior of each producer is modeled by a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) whose objective is maximizing profit and whose complementarity constraints describe market clearing. The joint solution of all these MPECs constitutes an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC). The equilibria associated with the EPEC are analyzed by solving the strong stationarity conditions of all MPECs, which can be linearized without approximation by mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) techniques. The resulting mixed-integer linear conditions can be reformulated as an optimization problem that allows establishing diverse objectives to differentiate among alternative equilibria.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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In order to circumvent the problem of state-space explosion of large-scale Markovian models, the stochastic process algebra PEPA has been given a fluid semantics based on ordinary differential equations, treating all entities as continuous. However, low numbers of instances and/or relatively slow dynamics may make such approximation too coarse for some parts of the system. To deal with such situations, we propose an hybrid semantics lying between these two extremes, treating parts of the system as discrete and stochastic and others as continuous and deterministic. The underlying mathematical object for the quantitative evaluation is a stochastic hybrid automaton. A case study of a client/server system with breakdowns and repairs is used to discuss the accuracy and the cost of this hybrid analysis.

We provide Stochastic Concurrent Constraint Programming (sCCP), a stochastic process algebra based on CCP, with a semantics in terms of hybrid automata. We associate with each sCCP program both a stochastic and a non-deterministic hybrid automaton. Then, we compare such automata with the standard stochastic semantics (given by a Continuous Time Markov Chain) and the one based on ordinary differential equations, obtained by a fluid-flow approximation technique. We discuss in detail two case studies: Repressilator and the Circadian Clock, with particular regard to the robustness exhibited by the different semantic models and to the effect of discreteness in dynamical evolution of such systems.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Based on the classical Nagel–Schreckenberg model, we in this paper propose an improved cellular automaton (CA) model to study the influences of a multi-point tollbooth on traffic flow. The numerical results show that the multi-point tollbooth can be looked at as a bottleneck and that it can improve the road capacity compared with other tolling stations, which shows that the proposed model is more effective than other traffic flow models. In addition, the results can help readers to better understand the effects of a multi-point tollbooth on traffic flow and help traffic engineers to reasonably design the tolling station.

As an integrated kind of railway signal-control pattern, the four-aspect fixed autoblock system has been used in many train control systems. This paper takes the four-aspect fixed autoblock system as the research object and proposes the cellular automata model of the fixed autoblock system based on the existing theoretical researches on different train systems and traffic systems by means of the analytical study of the classical cellular automata model. The CA (cellular automata) models combine complexity of passenger railway line with the theory of cellular automata and introduce some new CA models into the existing control systems. After analyzing the relevant simulation results, we study thoroughly and obtain efficiently the needed data for the variation of the section carrying capacity, the average train delay and the train speed which have been affected by redundant time on the operation of passenger trains with different speeds.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Berth allocation and quay crane assignment are two important problems in seaside operations. They are commonly integrated to support the plan. The first generates the berthing time, position and required quay crane. It can be taken as a 2D bin-packing problem with one-dimension resource constraint by quay cranes and variable length of operation time determined by quay crane numbers. The second plans the assignment of quay cranes to vessels whose layout is generated in the former problem. The interface is not clear in the literature. This paper builds an integer linear programming model of the quay crane assignment problem with the inputs: vessel time-space layout and quay crane requirements. The optimal assignment solution with minimal shifts of quay cranes is obtained with promising performance by commercial operational software package. It can be a part of the integral planning for berth allocation with quay crane assignment problem.

The Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) becomes critically important to the operational efficiency of a container terminal due to rapid advances in container terminal management. For reducing the total berthing time and cost, intensive research concerning only the berthing stage has been conducted. Accordingly, a broader viewpoint, i.e., an integration of berth allocation and yard planning, has not been well addressed. As such, a novel BAP strategy, which combines dynamic berth allocation and yard planning, is investigated in this study. An example of a specific container terminal in Shanghai is used to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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A fluid mixing valve construction having a housing provided with a pair of inlets respectively interconnected by a pair of valve seats to an outlet and with a valve member operated by a condition responsive unit for controlling the valve seats in accordance with the condition of fluid passing to the outlet and sensed by the condition responsive unit. A second condition responsive unit is operatively interconnected to the valve member to close one of the valve seats with the valve member if the first mentioned condition responsive unit does not close the one valve seat with the valve member even though the same is sensing a condition that would require the first mentioned condition responsive unit to close the one valve seat whereby the fluid mixing valve construction is substantially fail-safe.

We give an effective method to compute the entropy for polynomials orthogonal on a segment of the real axis that uses as input data only the coefficients of the recurrence relation satisfied by these polynomials. This algorithm is based on a series expression for the mutual energy of two probability measures naturally connected with the polynomials. The particular case of Gegenbauer polynomials is analyzed in detail. These results are applied also to the computation of the entropy of spherical harmonics, important for the study of the entropic uncertainty relations as well as the spatial complexity of physical systems in central potentials.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This paper presents the results of work which uses knowledge-based control techniques to resolve the problems encountered in the dispensing of the highly viscous and thixo-tropic adhesives used to secure surface mounted components to mixed technology circuit boards prior to wave-soldering. Such adhesives exhibit a time-dependent variation in viscosity on the application of shear forces (thixotropy). Dispensing problems are caused by variations in the material and system properties with, for example, batch, temperature and time. A dispensing cell has been constructed using primarily vision feedback and a rule-based object-oriented control system to resolve these problems.

Five software design methodologies are compared with respect to suitability for the design and implementation of an object-oriented process control system for the pultrusion process. Methodologies compared include: structured systems analysis and design (SSAD) with real time extensions, structured analysis and design technique (SADT), Jackson system development (JSD), object oriented design (OOD), and object modeling technique (OMT). The author attempt to ascertain which methodology is most productive for the design and implementation of the control system defined in their case study. The concepts that a "methods viewpoint will influence modeling", and of "diagramming as a language essential for clear thinking and human communication" are analyzed within the context of the same case study. >

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Injection cooled screw compressors do not have a thermodynamical satisfying liquid distribution in the machine. Desired isothermic change of state of the fluid, which would require the smallest power consumption, is not achieved. Today established machines inject the oil into the working spaces nearly exclusively through two injection holes. Here the authors examine different injection variants, in which the oil is injected by nozzles into the suction port of the compressor. The aim of this method is, a finer atomization of the oil jet and therefore an extension of surface of the oil drops to improve heat transfer during simultaneous increase of the contact time between oil and gas.

Oil injected twin-screw compressors are widely used for medium pressure applications in many industries. Low cost air compressors can be adopted for compression of helium and other gases, leading to significant cost saving. The efficiency, delivery rate and the heat of compression of the compressors (medium and small size) has been analyzed and presented in the study. To generate machine independent experimental data, two similar compressors with different capacities have been setup to test the performance of air compressors when applied to compress nitrogen, argon and helium gases apart from air. Also this paper addresses the gas delivery rate and heat of compression (temperature) on volumetric and power efficiency.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Dispersion curves for 128 Lithium Niobate, YZ Lithium Niobate, 42 Lithium Tantalate, STX Quartz, STX+25 Quartz, ATX Quartz, and LGS crystals are calculated with modified Hasimoto's program. Dependences of obtained COM parameters on the electrode width and thickness are approximated by polynomials and used for calculations of admittance of transducer and frequency response of surface acoustic wave device by P matrix technique. The modified soft allows to calculate any substrates, including ones with low electromechanical coupling coefficients, those are very difficult or even impossible for calculation by means of other known tools.

The paper deals with the derivation of simple polynomials characterising surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflection by metallic gratings with various widths and thicknesses. Such polynomial approximation makes it possible to estimate coupling of mode (COM) parameters in markedly reduced computational time. For very sophisticated SAW devices, this is of great use to develop high-speed simulation and design tools based on the COM method. In the present study, it is shown how simply and accurately the SAW reflection by aluminium gratings on 128°YX-LiNbO3 substrates or 36°YX-LiTaO3 substrates is characterised by polynomial approximation.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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The dominant mechanism of riverbank cantilever failure is soil erosion of the bank toe and near bank zone. This paper demonstrates that the shape of the riverbank cantilever failure depends on the properties of the soil and the fluctuation of the river water level (RWL). With a stable RWL, a riverbank with higher resistance force leads to failure with larger and deeper overhang erosion width. When RWL rises, a less cohesive soil bank will be eroded over a larger width and riverbank failure will occur earlier. With a low rate of rising RWL, riverbank failure may happen in a type of mass failure. With a high rate of rising RWL, a riverbank will fail in a type of overhang riverbank failure, with the soil erosion rate being the main affected factor.

On the basis of the generalized physical model of the riverbank, the experiments were conducted to study the mechanisms of riverbank failure under the coupling effect of seepage flow and river flow. The experimental setup was specially designed, as well as test point location, parameters and procedures, and the main influencing factors were analyzed affecting riverbank failure based on the failure types, the variations of pore water pressure and soil displacement. The results indicated that the coupling effect has different influences on the bank failure in three aspects: the failure type, the process and the extent. In addition, the river flow played a more important role than the seepage flow in the coupling effect on the bank failure.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Correlations are a very important tool in the study of multipartite systems, both for classical and quantum ones. The discussion about the quantum nature of correlations permeates Physics since Einstein, Podolski and Rosen published their famous article criticizing quantum mechanics. Here we provide a short review about the quantum nature of correlations, discussing both its theoretical and experimental aspects. We focus on quantum discord and related measures. After discussing their fundamental aspects (theoretically and experimentally), we proceed by analysing the dynamical behaviour of correlations under decoherence as well as some applications in different scenarios, such as quantum computation and relativity, passing through critical and biological systems.

Entanglement is one of the pillars of quantum mechanics and quantum information processing, and as a result the quantumness of nonentangled states has typically been overlooked and unrecognized. We give a robust definition for the classicality versus quantumness of a single multipartite quantum state, a set of states, and a protocol using quantum states. We show a variety of nonentangled (separable) states that exhibit interesting quantum properties, and we explore the ``zoo'' of separable states; several interesting subclasses are defined based on their diagonalizing bases, and their non-classical behavior is investigated.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Development of new cryopreservation strategies has major potential in medicine and agriculture and is critical to the conservation of endangered species that currently cannot be preserved. A critical property of any potential cryopreservative solution is its ability to prevent cell-damaging ice formation during cooling and subsequent heating. This study focuses on the freezing behaviour of promising model cryoprotective solutions. We perform neutron scattering analysis, combined with computer modelling, of the water structure after quench cooling these solutions. It is found that water in this solution forms nano-clusters encapsulated by the surrounding matrix of cryoprotectant solute molecules. We posit that these small volumes inhibit ice formation, because water does not have space for the structural relaxation required to crystallize on the timescale of the cooling process.

Recent developments have opened the possibilty that the problems of freezing and thawing organs might eventually be overcome by an alternative approach to organ cryopreservation, namely, vitrification. Here we will review some of the principles of vitrification, describe the current state of the art, consider how a practical vitrification scheme might work, and conclude by noting how the principles of vitrification relate to and illuminate the principles and practices of freezing.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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We study two dimensional dilaton gravity and supergravity following hamiltonian methods. Firstly, we consider the structure of constraints of 2D dilaton gravity and then the 2D dilaton supergravity is obtained taking the squere root of the bosonic constraints. We integrate exactly the equations of motion in both cases and we show that the solutions of the equation of motion of 2D dilaton supergravity differs from the solutions of 2D dilaton gravity only by boundary conditions on the fermionic variables, i.e. the black holes of 2D dilaton supergravity theory are exactly the same black holes of 2D bosonic dilaton gravity modulo supersymmetry transformations. This result is the bidimensional analogue of the no-hair theorem for supergravity.

Using an argument due to Regge and Teitelboim, an expression for the ADM mass of 2d quantum dilaton gravity is obtained. By evaluating this expression we establish that the quantum theories which can be written as a Liouville-like theory, have a lower bound to energy, provided there is no critical boundary. This fact is then reconciled with the observation made earlier that the Hawking radiation does not appear to stop. The physical picture that emerges is that of a black hole in a bath of quantum radiation. We also evaluate the ADM mass for the models with RST boundary conditions and find that negative values are allowed. The Bondi mass of these models goes to zero for large retarded times, but becomes negative at intermediate times in a manner that is consistent with the thunderpop of RST.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of high-performance ultra-thin metasurface absorbers designed for narrow-band operation at subterahertz frequencies are presented. Implemented in a high-impedance surface configuration with a deep-subwavelength thin ground polypropylene substrate, the absorbers are intended for using as the photo-sensitive layers in wavelength-selective thermal detectors. A compact closed-form equivalent circuit formulation verified by full-wave simulations, as well as the route towards an optimal design of the spectrometric absorber are discussed. In addition, a spectrometric array of metasurface-absorber-integrated pyroelectric detectors with spectral peak sensitivities positioned in the range of 0.094-1 THz and providing the selectivity bandwidth of several per cent is described.

We propose an approach to improve the accuracy and speed of THz-TDS measurements in the low-frequency regime. It is based on applying anti-alias filters to narrow the frequency band of the THz signal that allows increasing the sampling interval in accordance with the Nyquist–Shannon theorem. The concept was verified by studying the transmittance spectra of the reference samples — band-pass THz filters centered at 156 and 376 GHz. We show a reduction of the spectrometer scanning time by an order of magnitude and an increase in measurement accuracy due to eliminating a long-term signal drift.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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Nascap-2k is the updated version of the NASCAP/GEO spacecraft charging analysis code. In addition to packaging the physical content of NASCAP/GEO in a modern way, Nascap-2k incorporates other plasma analysis codes (in particular, the DynaPAC code) in order to extend its applicability to a wide variety of plasma environments. Nascap-2k also includes an interactive Object Toolkit for defining spacecraft surface models for analysis. In this paper we focus on the tenuous plasma charging capabilities of the code, with application to DSCS-III (geosynchronous environment), STEREO (solar wind environment) and MESSENGER (solar wind environment near 0.4 AU).

We present a particle-in-cell (PIC) method using a nonhomogeneous immersed-finite-element (IFE) field solver for modeling dielectric surface charging of complex-shaped objects in plasmas. The IFE solver allows PIC codes using a Cartesian mesh applied to simulations involving arbitrarily shaped objects with a similar accuracy as that using a body-fitting mesh. The object surface is treated as an interface. Surface charging is calculated directly from charge deposition at the interface, and the electrostatic fields on both sides of the interface are resolved self-consistently. The capability of the nonhomogeneous IFE-PIC method is demonstrated by a simulation study of the charging of an irregular-shaped asteroid in the solar wind.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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This study examined how consumers' general attitude toward direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) influenced their drug inquiry intent, and whether the relationship between attitude toward DTCA and drug inquiry intent was moderated by their perceived knowledge of health and medicine. Results showed that those with favorable views of DTCA were more likely to inquire and request an advertised drug they saw. The effect was greater in magnitude for consumers with high perceived knowledge in health and medicine, however, than for those with low perceived knowledge.

Purpose – To determine whether direct‐to‐consumer prescription drug advertising influences consumers' behavioral intentions.Design/methodology/approach – Gathered data from 288 respondents using a pencil and paper mail survey. Respondents were asked about their knowledge and behavior regarding prescription drugs.Findings – Indicated that while consumers generally have favorable perceptions of prescription drug advertising, their behavioral intentions are nevertheless influenced by a heightened awareness of specific branded drugs. Consumers feel empowered by the information provided in direct‐to‐consumer advertising and they are concerned about governmental attempts to regulate prescription drug advertising.Research limitations/implications – Data was collected from a relatively homogenous sample with respect to ethnicity. Future research efforts could include respondents from diverse ethnic backgrounds and could incorporate questions regarding respondents' actual behaviors with respect to branded prescrip...

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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The aim of this study was to develop a self-report instrument to identify schemas in sexual offenders. A schema was defined as a structure, with cognitive contents such as attitudes, beliefs, rules and assumptions centred on a coherent theme, which directs some aspects of cognitive processing. A questionnaire containing items drawn from offenders' explanations for their offending was administered to 657 imprisoned sexual offenders. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors, labelled Dominance and Disadvantaged. Both factors showed good internal reliability, test–retest reliability and construct validity. The factors are best conceptualised as modes, containing cognitive-conceptual, motivational, behavioural and physiological components. It is likely that both modes play a role in sexual offending, but the nature of their influence needs further investigation.

The aim of this review is to examine the literature related to the assessment and treatment of sex offenders’ distorted schemas. Where appropriate, the review draws upon current insights from the field of social cognition to aid in the critical evaluation of the findings. First, the review considers the various different methodologies for assessing distorted schemas, discussing their strengths and limitations. Second, the review examines the work related to the treatment of sex offenders’ schemas. Suggestions for future research, and the implications for clinical practice, are highlighted in the article.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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The impact of stress was investigated among Israeli soldiers during the Gulf War. The study included 40 healthy young adults in active service. Their scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were evaluated during the first week of the war. Our subjects were divided into two equal sub-groups (N=20); combatants and auxiliary personnel. Higher levels of anxiety were found among the combatants. Factor analysis revealed three differing factors: arousal symptoms, numbing and distraction. We discuss the possible explanations for these differences.

This study examines the association between adult attachment style and the way people reacted to the Iraqi missile attack on Israel during the Gulf War. One hundred forty Israeli students were interviewed 2 weeks after the war and classified according to their attachment style (secure, avoidant, or ambivalent) and residence area (dangerous vs. less dangerous). Ambivalent people reported more distress than secure people. Avoidant persons reported higher levels of somatization, hostility, and trauma-related avoidance than secure persons. These results characterized Ss living in dangerous areas. In addition, secure people used relatively more support-seeking strategies in coping with the trauma, ambivalent people used more emotion-focused strategies, and avoidant people used more distancing strategies. Findings are discussed in terms of attachment working models.

We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.

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